[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 49 (Tuesday, March 16, 2021)]
[Notices]
[Pages 14511-14513]
[FR Doc No: 2021-05340]

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-91287; File No. SR-LTSE-2021-01]

Self-Regulatory Organizations; Long-Term Stock Exchange, Inc.;
Order Approving Proposed Rule Change To Amend LTSE Rule 14.501 To
Specify the Process for Enforcing Compliance With LTSE Rule 14.425 for
Listed Companies

March 10, 2021.

I. Introduction

    On January 19, 2021, Long-Term Stock Exchange, Inc. (``LTSE'' or
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(``Commission'') pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a
proposed rule change to amend Rule 14.501(d)(2)(A)(iii) to specify the
process for enforcing compliance with LTSE Rule 14.425, which requires
each listed company of the Exchange to adopt and publish ``Long-Term
Policies'' as set forth in the rule. The proposed rule change was
published for comment in the Federal Register on February 4, 2021.\3\
No comment letters were received in response to the Notice. This order
approves the proposed rule change.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 91019 (January 29,
2021), 86 FR 8243 (February 4, 2021) (``Notice'').
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II. Description of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 14.501(d)(2)(A)(iii) to specify
the process under LTSE Rule Series 14.500 for enforcing compliance with
LTSE Rule 14.425, which requires listed Companies \4\ to adopt and
publish Long-Term Policies consistent with a defined set of principles
(the ``Principles'') articulated in LTSE Rule 14.425(b).\5\ As the
Exchange states, LTSE Rule 14.425(a) requires Companies to adopt and
publish the following policies: A Long-Term Stakeholder Policy; a Long-
Term Strategy Policy; a Long-Term Compensation Policy; a Long-Term
Board Policy; and a Long-Term Investor Policy (collectively, the
``Policies'').\6\ LTSE Rule 14.425(b) establishes that Companies have
flexibility in developing what they believe to be appropriate policies
for their businesses on condition that each of the Policies must be
consistent with the Principles.\7\ Under LTSE Rule 14.425(c), Companies
also are required to review their Policies at least annually, make them
publicly available free of charge on or through their websites, and
provide related disclosures in certain filings with the Commission.\8\
In addition, the Exchange has represented to the Commission that it
will enforce the provisions of LTSE Rule 14.425 by ensuring that each
Company has addressed all of the requirements enumerated for each of
the prescribed Policies, consistent with the Principles, and that each
Company has made the Policies publicly available without cost.\9\
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    \4\ ``Company'' means the issuer of a security listed or
applying to list on the Exchange. For purposes of Chapter 14 of the
LTSE Rules, the term ``Company'' includes an issuer that is not
incorporated, such as, for example, a limited partnership. See LTSE
Rule 14.002(a)(5).
    \5\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 8244. LTSE Rule Series 14.500
sets forth the procedures of the Exchange relating to a Company's
failure to meet the listing standards in Chapter 14 of the
Exchange's rules, which comprises the corporate governance standards
set forth in Rule Series 14.400, including Rule 14.425 regarding
Long-Term Policies.
    \6\ See id. See also Securities Exchange Act Release No. 86722
(August 21, 2019), 84 FR 44952 (August 27, 2019) (SR-LTSE-2019-01)
(``Long-Term Policies Approval Order'') (Order Approving Proposed
Rule Change To Adopt Rule 14.425, Which Would Require Companies
Listed on the Exchange To Develop and Publish Certain Long-Term
Policies).
    \7\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 8244.
    \8\ See id.
    \9\ See id. See also Long-Term Policies Approval Order, supra
note 6, at 44954.
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    Currently, LTSE states that it enforces the provisions of LTSE Rule
14.425 through a number of rules in the LTSE Rulebook.\10\ The Exchange
notes that, under LTSE Rule 14.101, the Exchange may at all times
exercise its broad discretionary authority to suspend or delist
Companies based on any event, condition, or circumstance that exists or

occurs that makes initial or continued listing of the securities on the
Exchange inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of the Exchange to
protect investors and the public interest, among other objectives.\11\
Under LTSE Rule 14.500(a), LTSE staff is responsible for identifying
deficiencies that may lead to delisting.\12\ Under LTSE Rule 14.410, a
Company is required to provide the Exchange with prompt notification
after an Executive Officer of the Company becomes aware of any
noncompliance by the Company with the LTSE Rule Series 14.400, which
includes Rule 14.425.\13\ Under LTSE Rule 14.207(a)(1), the Exchange
may request any additional information or documentation, public or non-
public, deemed necessary to make a determination regarding a Company's
continued listing, and a Company may be denied continued listing if it
fails to provide such information within a reasonable period of
time.\14\ In addition, the Exchange states that it plans to monitor
Company compliance with Rule 14.425 annually and on an ad hoc
basis.\15\
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    \10\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 8244.
    \11\ See id. at 8245.
    \12\ See id. at 8244.
    \13\ See id.
    \14\ See id.
    \15\ See id. at 8244 n.6.
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    Finally, LTSE Rule 14.501 sets forth the provisions regarding the
Exchange's process for notifying Companies regarding different types of
deficiencies and their corresponding consequences.\16\ The Exchange
states that there are four types of Company deficiency notifications
that the Exchange may issue pursuant to LTSE Rule 14.501(a): (i) Staff
Delisting Determinations, which are notifications of deficiencies that,
unless appealed, subject the Company to immediate suspension and
delisting; (ii) notifications of deficiencies for which the Company may
submit a plan of compliance (``Plan of Compliance'') for staff review;
(iii) notifications of deficiencies for which a Company is entitled to
an automatic cure or compliance period; and (iv) Public Reprimand
Letters.\17\ LTSE Rule 14.501(d) identifies the deficiencies that fall
within each of these four categories,\18\ and provides that in the case
of a deficiency not specified in LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(1)-(4), LTSE staff
will issue either a Staff Delisting Determination or a Public Reprimand
Letter.\19\
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    \16\ See id. at 8244.
    \17\ See id.
    \18\ See id.
    \19\ See id. at 8244 n.7.
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    The Exchange proposes to amend LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(2)(A)(iii) to
specify that deficiencies relating to LTSE Rule 14.425 would be
included among those for which a Company may submit a Plan of
Compliance for staff review.\20\ The Exchange states that this would be
similar to how other corporate governance rules are handled generally
in LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(2)(A)(iii).\21\
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    \20\ See id. at 8244. The proposed rule change would also remove
two erroneous ``or''s in LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(2)(A)(iii). See id. at
8244 n.8.
    \21\ See id. (citing LTSE Rules 14.408(a) (Meetings of
Shareholders), 14.408(c) (Quorum), 14.411(Review of Related Party
Transactions), 14.412 (Shareholder Approval), 14.406 (Code of
Conduct), 14.407(a)(4)(D) (Partner Meetings of Limited Partners),
14.407(a)(4)(E) (Quorum of Limited Partnerships), 14.407(a)(4)(G)
(Related Party Transactions of Limited Partnerships), 14.413 (Voting
Rights), and 14.414 (Internal Audit Function)).
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    Under LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(2)(C), a Company has 45 calendar days to
submit a plan to regain compliance.\22\ According to the Exchange, LTSE
staff may extend this deadline for up to an additional five calendar
days upon good cause shown and may request such additional information
from the Company as is necessary to make a determination regarding
whether to grant such an extension.\23\ The Exchange asserts that this
time period appropriately balances the interests of the Exchange in
ensuring compliance with its listing standards with the application of
principles-based listing standards by the Company.\24\
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    \22\ See id. at 8244.
    \23\ See id.
    \24\ See id. The Exchange also states that, notwithstanding the
mandated period to submit a Plan of Compliance and regain compliance
under LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(2), as set forth in LTSE Rule 14.501(c)
and repeated in LTSE Rule 14.207(b)(2), ``a listed Company that
receives a notification of deficiency from the Exchange is required
to make a public announcement by filing a Form 8-K, where required
by [Commission] rules, or by issuing a press release disclosing
receipt of the notification and the Rule(s) upon which the
deficiency is based, and describing each specific basis and concern
identified by the Exchange in reaching its determination that the
Company does not meet the listing standard.'' For avoidance of
doubt, the Exchange further states that a request for information by
LTSE staff pursuant to LTSE Rule 14.207(a)(1), absent a notification
of deficiency, will not require a public announcement by the subject
Company pursuant to LTSE Rules 14.501(c) or 14.207(b)(2). See id. at
8244 n.9.
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    According to the Exchange, the process for reviewing such a Plan of
Compliance is set forth in LTSE Rule 14.501(d)(2)(B) and would be
unchanged by this proposal.\25\ Under that provision, the Exchange may
provide the Company with up to 180 days to regain compliance (with
certain exceptions), issue a Staff Delisting Determination letter, or
issue a Public Reprimand Letter in accordance with LTSE Rule
14.501(d)(4).\26\ Under LTSE Rule 14.500(a), a Public Reprimand Letter
or Staff Delisting Determination, upon timely request by a Company, is
subject to review by a Listings Review Committee, which will adjudicate
the request in accordance with the procedures and timelines set forth
in LTSE Rules 14.502, 14.504, and 14.505.\27\
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    \25\ See id. at 8244.
    \26\ See id.
    \27\ See id.
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    The Exchange asserts that providing an opportunity for remediation
to Companies that face a deficiency with respect to LTSE Rule 14.425
will allow Companies to formulate effective Policies tailored to
Company-specific needs.\28\ The Exchange argues that the ability to
tailor Policies, if necessary, to changing circumstances, while
remaining anchored to the Principles, is essential for ensuring that
the Policies are effective and meaningful tools for supporting long-
term value creation for Companies and their investors.\29\ To that end,
the Exchange maintains that, in case of a deficiency, Companies will be
able to achieve compliance by changing Policies or practices related to
the deficiency, amending the applicable Policies, or some combination
of both, provided that the changes are consistent with the
Principles.\30\
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    \28\ See id. at 8245.
    \29\ See id.
    \30\ See id. For the avoidance of doubt, the Exchange states
that each Company shall be solely responsible for ensuring any
changes in its practices to conform to its Policies do not violate
any legal, regulatory, contractual, or other requirements applicable
to the Company. See id. at 8245 n.11.
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III. Discussion and Commission Findings

    The Commission has carefully reviewed the proposed rule change and
finds that it is consistent with the requirements of Section 6 of the
Act.\31\ In particular, the Commission finds that the proposed rule
change is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\32\ which
requires, among other things, that rules of a national securities
exchange be designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and
practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and
a national market system, and, in general, to protect investors and the
public interest, and that those rules are not designed to

permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, brokers, or
dealers.
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    \31\ 15 U.S.C. 78f. In approving this proposed rule change, the
Commission has considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency,
competition, and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \32\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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    The Commission notes that the proposed rule change will bring the
Exchange's handling of deficiencies in a Company's compliance with LTSE
Rule 14.425 into alignment with its handling of deficiencies in a
Company's compliance with other LTSE Rules pertaining to corporate
governance,\33\ as detailed in the adjudicatory process set forth in
LTSE Rule Series 14.500. The Commission further notes that any Company
listed on LTSE would already have had to adopt and publish Long-Term
Policies prior to being accepted for listing. The Commission therefore
believes it is reasonable to afford a Company the opportunity to submit
a Plan of Compliance should a deficiency subsequently arise in this
area. The Commission notes in this regard that, in addition to
submitting a Plan of Compliance, a listed Company that receives a
deficiency notification from the Exchange is required to make a public
announcement that discloses its receipt of the notification and the
basis for it, and that such announcement must be made as promptly as
possible but not more than four business days following receipt of the
notification.\34\ Based on the foregoing, the Commission finds that the
proposed rule change is consistent with the Act.
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    \33\ See supra note 21 and accompanying text.
    \34\ See LTSE Rule 14.501(c); supra note 24.
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IV. Conclusion

    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the
Act,\35\ that the proposed rule change (SR-LTSE-2021-01), be, and
hereby is, approved.
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    \35\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\36\
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    \36\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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J. Matthew DeLesDernier,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2021-05340 Filed 3-15-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON D. C., 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES PC Code 109702 DP Barcode D289428 MEMORANDUM DATE: May 02, 2005 SUBJECT: Tier II Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Cypermethrin for the Use in the Human Health Risk Assessment.

TO: Cathryn O'Connell, Chemical Review Manager Margaret Rice, Branch Chief Reregistration Branch II Special Review and Reregistration Division ( 7508C)

AND: William Donovan, Risk Assessor Reregistration Branch III Health Effects Division ( 7509C)

FROM: José Luis Meléndez, Chemist Environmental Risk Branch V Environmental Fate and Effects Division THROUGH: Mah T. Shamim, Ph. D., Chief Environmental Risk Branch V Environmental Fate and Effects Division ( 7507C)

This memo presents the Estimated Surface Drinking Water Concentrations and Estimated Ground Water Concentrations ( EDWCs) for CYPERMETHRIN, calculated using the Tier 2 aquatic model PRZM/ EXAMS and the Tier 1 aquatic model SCI GROW, respectively, for use in the human health risk assessment.

The Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations ( EDWCs) for cypermethrin were calculated based on a maximum application rate of 0.6 lb a. i./ A/ season. The acute drinking water concentration in surface water is 1.04 ppb of cypermethrin. The cancer/ chronic drinking water concentration is 0.013 ppb, using the NC cotton scenario. These values represent the mean value over a 30 year period. Various other scenarios were also explored ( CA, MS and TX cotton, CA onion and CA lettuce), but they consistently yielded lower EDWCs. The SCI GROW generated EDWC ( for cotton or lettuce, highest application rate) is 0.0036 ppb of cypermethrin, which is recommended for use, both for acute and chronic exposures.  2 1. Introduction Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide with both agricultural and non agricultural applications. For agricultural uses in the United States, cypermethrin is predominantly used to control pests on cotton, lettuce, pecans and onions, with the predominant use being cotton ( 80% of the total agricultural usage). It may be used alone or in conjunction with organophosphate pesticides to control pests such as budworm and bollworm populations on cotton and worms and aphids on lettuce. Application rates and the timing of these applications vary by crop type. Non agricultural uses of cypermethrin include pest management inside greenhouses, food processing, storage, and dairy facilities ( non contact food uses only), wood treatment applications, animal kennels, commercial storage facilities, automobile and taxi services, and applications to drainage systems.

Cypermethrin is expected to have little mobility in soil surfaces and leaching into groundwater is not expected to be an important environmental fate process ( mean Koc= 141,700). Volatilization is not expected to be an important transport process since cypermethrin has a relatively low vapor pressure and Henry's Law constant ( 2.5x10 9 mm Hg and 3.4x10 7 Atm m3/ mole, respectively). Cypermethrin is moderately persistent in the environment and degrades through a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms. Cypermethrin hydrolyzes slowly at acidic and neutral pH, but degrades in a matter of days under alkaline conditions. Cypermethrin is more light stable than the first or second generation pyrethroids like allethrin and resmethrin, but still undergoes photolysis in water, with half lives of about a month or more in distilled water ( half life 36.2 days). The rate of photolysis appears to be enhanced in natural waters ( which contain photosensitizing agents like humic and fulvic acids), where the accelerated degradation results in half lives of a few days or less. Under both aerobic and anaerobic soil metabolism conditions, cypermethrin biodegrades relatively slowly, with half lives on the order of about 2 months, but in aquatic metabolism conditions, it biodegrades more rapidly, with half lives on the order of one to two weeks. The primary degradation products of cypermethrin are cis and trans DCVA [( ± ) cis or trans 3( 2,2 dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid], 3 phenoxybenzaldehyde, and 3 PBA [ 3 phenoxybenzoic acid]. They result from cleavage of the ester linkage of the cypermethrin molecule.

Estimated Drinking Water Concentrations ( EDWC) were calculated for groundwater and surface water utilizing the tier 1 aquatic model SCI GROW, and tier 2 aquatic model PRZM/ EXAMS, respectively.

2. SCI GROW The tier 1 aquatic model SCI GROW was employed to estimate levels of cypermethrin that may potentially reach groundwater. SCI GROW is a screening model which is used to estimate pesticide concentrations in vulnerable ground water. Pesticide concentrations estimated by SCIGROW represent conservative or high end exposure values because the model is based on ground water monitoring studies which were conducted by applying pesticides at maximum allowed rates and frequency, to vulnerable sites ( i. e., shallow aquifers, sandy, permeable soils, and substantial rainfall and/ or irrigation to maximize leaching). In most cases, the majority of the use  3 areas will have ground water that is less vulnerable to contamination than the areas used to derive the SCI GROW estimate. The SCI GROW input parameters for cypermethrin are shown in Table 1. The SCI GROW output file is shown in Appendix C.

Table 1. SCI GROW Input Parameters and Estimated Environmental Concentration of Cypermethrin in Groundwater PARAMETER VALUE SOURCE Application rate ( lbs a. i./ A) 0.1 Product Label: Ammo 2.5 EC ( EPA Reg. No. 279 3027), and Mustang ( EPA Reg. No. 279 3126)

Number of applications 6 Product Label: Ammo 2.5 EC ( EPA Reg. No. 279 3027), and Mustang ( EPA Reg. No. 279 3126)

Koc 20,800 MRID 42129002 and 42129003 ( lowest value, there is greater than three fold variation among values)

Soil aerobic half life ( days) 60.2 MRID 42156601 Estimated Groundwater concentration ( ppb) 0.0036 Output value from SCI GROW For the SCI GROW model, if the K oc range has greater than 3 fold variation in the values, the lowest value is employed. It is also noted that estimated concentrations of chemicals with K oc values greater than 9995 mL/ g are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI GROW development. The maximum application rate for cypermethrin of 0.1 lbs a. i./ A for six applications per season was chosen. This maximum seasonal application rate is representative of various crops such as cotton and lettuce, considered in this assessment.

3. PRZM/ EXAMS Drinking Water Concentrations The tier 2 linked model PRZM/ EXAMS was employed to calculate surface water concentrations ( EDWCs) of cypermethrin in an index reservoir, which is used for assessment of vulnerable surface drinking water sources. The Index Reservoir is intended as a drop in replacement for the standard pond for use in drinking water assessments. It is used in a manner similar to the standard pond except that flow rates are calibrated to be consistent with local weather conditions. The morphology of the reservoir and its watershed are designed to correspond with those of Shipman City Lake, a small reservoir in Illinois selected to represent small runoff vulnerable drinking water surface supplies in agricultural areas. It is noted that the surface water concentrations generated from EXAMS were multiplied by Percent Crop Area ( PCA) factors. In 1999, EFED proposed using PCA factors in pesticide exposure assessments to account for the fact that a watershed of  4 sufficient size to supply a drinking water source is not likely to be devoted entirely to growing crops ( EPA 2003a). Generally a PCA factor of 0.87 is employed in drinking water assessments unless the assessment is for a crop for which there is a refined PCA estimate. In this Drinking Water Assessment, the EDWCs were obtained by multiplication of the output concentration of PRZM/ EXAMS by 0.20 for the cotton scenarios and 0.87 for the CA onion and CA lettuce crop scenarios. The PRZM/ EXAMS input parameters are shown in Tables 2 and 3. They were selected according to current EFED guidelines for the selection of input parameters for aquatic models. The output files from the PRZM/ EXAMS runs are provided in Appendix C.

Table 2. PRZM/ EXAMS Input Parameters for Cypermethrin used in the Drinking Water Assessment.

PARAMETER VALUE SOURCE Maximum Individual Application Rate/ Number of Applications Per Season/ Minimum Interval Between Applications/ Application Date Refer to Table 3 for details. Crop specific. According to the label and, application date according to common agricultural practices.

Aerobic soil metabolism 62 days MRID 42156601 ( 90% C. L. on the mean, n = 2 observations)

Koc 141,700 MRID 42129002 and 42129003 ( mean value, n = 4)

Henry's law constant 3.4x10 7 atm m3/ mol Laskowski ( 2002)

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism 11.3 days MRID 44876106 ( 90% C. L. on the mean, n = 2 observations)

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism 19.3 days MRID 44876105 ( 90% C. L. on the mean, n = 2 observations)

Aqueous photolysis 36.2 days MRID 42395701 Hydrolysis half life ( days) pH 5 pH 7 pH 9 stable stable 1.90 days MRID 42620501 Molecular weight 416.3 g/ mole Laskowski ( 2002)

Solubility ( WSOL) 0.040 ppm Laskowski ( 2002) ( solubility x 10)

Vapor pressure ( VP) 2.5x10 9 mm Hg Laskowski ( 2002)

PLDKRT ( foliage pesticide rate constant) 0.13 days 1 Willis and McDowell 1987 FEXTRC ( foliar extraction) 0.5 EFED Model Input Guidance, Version II ( 2002) Table 2. PRZM/ EXAMS Input Parameters for Cypermethrin used in the Drinking Water Assessment.

PARAMETER VALUE SOURCE  5 FILTRA ( filtration parameter; required if CAM set to 3) NA

PLVKRT ( pesticide decay rate on plant foliage) 0/ day EFED Model Input Guidance, Version II ( 2002)

CAM ( chemical application method) 2 Reflects foliar application UPTKF ( plant uptake factor) 0 EFED Model Input Guidance, Version II ( 2002)

IPSCND 1 Surface Applied Application efficiency 0.95 EFED Model Input Guidance, Version II ( 2002)

spray drift 0.16 EPA ( 2003a). Default used for Drinking Water Assessments for aerial applications PCA Cotton  0.20 Lettuce and Onion  0.87 EPA ( 2003a).

Four PRZM scenarios were modeled for cotton crop usage : California, Mississippi, North Carolina and Texas. Each of these were modeled using the same application rates and use patterns. The California scenario is based on data from Fresno County in the Central Valley region. The Mississippi scenario arises from Yazoo County. The North Carolina PRZM scenario is representative of the Piedmont/ Coastal Plain region. The Texas scenario is typically planted in the spring with crop maturity occurring roughly 4 months after the planting date. While late season planting can occur up to June in many southern states, it is not advisable to begin planting after mid May because of the steep decline in yield ( the best yields usually occur with early season planting, optimal soil temperature and moisture and air temperature). Harvest typically occurs from September 1, through December. It is not advisable to use pyrethroid insecticides on cotton crops prior to July 1 unless infestations are high in order to avoid insect resistence later in the season ( Roof 2004).

The field used to represent onion production in California is located in Kern County in the San Joaquin Valley, although onion production areas are quite extensive ( San Joaquin, Coastal Intermediate Region, Imperial Valley, southern and central coastal regions, the high desert areas of Los Angeles County and the northern mountain valleys). Bulb onions are planted from September through May and harvesting begins in April or May and completed by September.

Only one validated PRZM scenario currently exists for lettuce ( California). Lettuce is a year  6 round crop in California, so the application timing of cypermethrin can vary ( Jackson et. al. 1996).

Table 3. Crop Usage Patterns for Cypermethrin on Cotton, Onions, and Lettuce1 Crop or Crop Group Maximum Individual Application Rate ( lb a. i./ A) Number of Applications per season Minimum Application Interval ( days) Application Date ( typical agricultural practices)

Cotton 0.1 ( 0.112 kg/ ha) 6 3 July 1st Onion 0.1 ( 0.112 kg/ ha) 5 7 May 10th Lettuce 0.1 ( 0.112 kg/ ha) 6 7 August 1st ( 1). Data obtained from label for Ammo 2.5 EC ( EPA Reg. No. 279 3027).

EDWCs are summarized in Table 4.

Table 4. EDWC for Cypermethrin ( ppb or : g/ L) Obtained from PRZM/ EXAMS.

Site and Crop Peak Annual Average ( Cancer/ Chronic)

Californiaa Cotton 0.12 0.003 Mississippia Cotton 0.47 0.009 North Carolinaa Cotton 1.04 0.013 Texasa Cotton 0.24 0.005 Californiab Onion 0.45 0.013 Californiab Lettuce 0.60 0.027 a. PRZM/ EXAMS EDWC multiplied by 0.20 ( PCA for cotton). b. PRZM/ EXAMS EDWC multiplied by 0.87 ( PCA for other crops).  7 Appendix A. Background Information on SCI GROW and PRZM/ EXAMS, and PRZM Scenarios BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON SCI GROW SCI GROW V. 2.3 provides a groundwater screening exposure value to be used in determining the potential risk to human health from drinking water contaminated with the pesticide. Since the SCI GROW concentrations are likely to be approached in only a very small percentage of drinking water sources, i. e., highly vulnerable aquifers, it is not appropriate to use SCI GROW for national or regional exposure estimates.

SCI GROW estimates likely groundwater concentrations if the pesticide is used at the maximum allowable rate in areas where groundwater is exceptionally vulnerable to contamination. In most cases, a large majority of the use area will have groundwater that is less vulnerable to contamination than the areas used to derive the SCI GROW estimate.

Estimated concentrations of chemicals with K OC values greater than 9995 ml/ g are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI GROW.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON PRZM/ EXAMS The Tier II aquatic model employs PRZM ( Pesticide Root Zone Model; version 3.12 Beta compiled May 24, 2001) and EXAMS ( Exposure Analysis Modeling System; version 2.98.04 compiled November 12, 2002). PRZM simulates processes such like runoff and erosion from an agricultural field on a daily time step. The runoff and erosion flux output data from PRZM are used as chemical loadings to the EXAMS surface water program in order to predict the EECs. A graphical user interface ( pe4v01. pl) developed by the EPA ( http:// www. epa. gov/ oppefed1/ models/ water) was used to facilitate inputting chemical and use specific parameters into the appropriate PRZM input files ( inp) and EXAMS chemical files.

PRZM is a one dimensional, dynamic, compartmental model that can be used to simulate chemical movement in unsaturated soil systems within and immediately below the plant root zone. It has two major components: hydrology ( and hydraulics) and chemical transport. The hydrologic component for calculating runoff and erosion is based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number technique and the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Evapotranspiration is estimated either directly from pan evaporation data, or based on an empirical formula. Water movement is simulated by the use of generalized soil parameters, including field capacity, wilting point, and saturation water content.

The chemical transport component can simulate pesticides or other chemicals. For pesticides, the transport component can simulate pesticide application on the soil or on the plant foliage. Biodegradation can also be considered in the root zone. Dissolved, adsorbed, and vapor phase  8 concentrations in the soil are estimated by simultaneously considering the processes of pesticide uptake by plants, surface runoff, erosion, decay, volatilization, foliar washoff, advection, dispersion, and retardation. For nitrogen, simulation of surface applications, atmospheric deposition, and septic effluent discharge may all be simulated.

EXAMS is a model that has a set of process modules that link fundamental chemical properties to limnological processes that control the kinetics and transport of chemicals in aquatic systems. It provides facilities for steady state or long term evaluation of chronic chemical discharges, initialvalue approaches for studying short term contaminant releases, and full kinetic simulations that allow for monthly variation in mean climatological factors, and changes in contaminant loadings on daily time scales. It is fairly and relatively complex model that requires more input variables, ranging from hydro geological and weather data to pesticide physicochemical properties, mobility coefficients, and degradation rate constants in the aqueous and sediment phases.

PRZM CROP SCENARIOS:

Four PRZM scenarios exist for cotton crop usage : California, Mississippi, North Carolina and Texas. Each of these were modeled using the same application rates and use patterns. The California scenario is based on data from Fresno County in the Central Valley region using a Twisselman clay as the representative soil for this region. This soil is a fine, mixed, calcareous, thermic Typic Torriorthents of hydrologic group C. The Mississippi scenario arises from Yazoo County and uses a Loring silt loam as the representative soil. Loring silt loam is a fine silty, mixed, active, thermic, Qxyaquic Fragiudalfs of hydrologic group C. The representative soil in the North Carolina PRZM scenario is a Boswell fine sandy loam of hydrologic group D, characteristic of the Piedmont/ Coastal Plain region. The soil selected to simulate the Texas scenario is a Crockett fine sandy loam. Crockett fine sandy loam is a fine, smectitic, thermic Udertic Paleustalfs of hydrologic group C. Since cotton growth requires a relatively long period of warm temperatures ( 190 210 days at temperatures of 60 oF and above), it is typically planted in the spring with crop maturity occurring roughly 4 months after the planting date. While late season planting can occur up to June in many southern states, it is not advisable to begin planting after mid May because of the steep decline in yield ( the best yields usually occur with early season planting, optimal soil temperature and moisture and air temperature). Harvest typically occurs from September 1, through December. It is not advisable to use pyrethroid insecticides on cotton crops prior to July 1 unless infestations are high in order to avoid insect resistence later in the season ( Roof 2004).

The field used to represent onion production in California is located in Kern County in the San Joaquin Valley, although onion production areas are quite extensive ( San Joaquin, Coastal Intermediate Region, Imperial Valley, southern and central coastal regions, the high desert areas of Los Angeles County and the northern mountain valleys). According to the 1997 Census of Agriculture, California is the major producer of onions for the market. Bulb onions are planted from September through May and harvesting begins in April or May and completed by September. Onions are cools season, biennial plants that are commercially grown as an annual. Plant canopy can approach 100 percent in some narrow row fields grown under drip irrigation. Irrigation is required to avoid seed or plant dry out. Onions can grow on a wide range of soils.  9 The soil selected to represent the field is Ciervo clay. Ciervo clay, is a fine, semetic, thermic Vertic Haplocambids. These soils are often used for onion and other truck crop production under irrigation. The Ciervo clay has very slow permeability. Ciervo clay is a Hydrologic Group D soil.

Only one validated PRZM scenario currently exists for lettuce ( California). The representative soil type is a Placentia sandy loam ( hydrologic Group D). Lettuce is a year round crop in California, so the application timing of cypermethrin can vary ( Jackson et al. 1996). Lettuce is usually planted at depths of approximately 1/ 8 to 1/ 4 inches primarily on 40 inch raised beds with 2 seedlines per bed. For a midsummer planting, the harvest usually begins 70 80 days later and cypermethrin is typically foliar applied as needed following emergence.  10 Appendix B. References EPA 2003a. Use of Regional Percent Crop Area Factors in Refined Drinking Water Assessments. US EPA Office of Pesticide Programs ( OPP) Environmental Fate and Effects Division ( EFED) Water Quality Technical Team ( WQTT) July 25, 2003 EPA 2003b. Pesticide Root Zone Model Field and Orchard Crop Scenario Metadata. February 06, 2003 Gorsuch CS. Clemson University Pest Management Handbook. Fruits and Nuts ( last updated 3 11 2003). http:// cufan. clemson. edu/ pmguide/ main. htm Jackson L., Mayberry K., Laemmlen F., Koike S., Schulbach K., Chaney W. Iceberg lettuce production in California. Vegetable Research and Information Center Univ of California Div of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Publication Number 7215 ( 1996).

Laskowski D. A. 2002. Physical and Chemical Properties of Pyrethroids. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 174: 49 170 NCFAP. 2003. National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, National Pesticide Use Database. Information taken on February 28, 2005 from the website: http:// www. ncfap. org/ database/ default. htm.

Roof ME. Clemson University Pest Management Handbook. Cotton Insect Control ( last updated 5 26 2004). http:// cufan. clemson. edu/ pmguide/ main. htm Tomlin C. 1994. Pesticide Manual 10th edition. British Crop Protection Council. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge U. K.

Willis and McDowell 1987, as cited in Carsel, R. F., et. al., " PRZM 3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: User's Manual for Release 3.0." National Exposure Research Laboratory USEPA, Athens, GA; AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA; and Waterborne Environmental, Inc., Leesburg, VA. p. 5 12.  11 Appendix C. Output files from SCI GROW and PRZM/ EXAMS SCI GROW SCIGROW VERSION 2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EFFECTS DIVISION OFFICE OF PESTICIDE PROGRAMS U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY SCREENING MODEL FOR AQUATIC PESTICIDE EXPOSURE SciGrow version 2.3 chemical: Cypermethrin time is 5/ 2/ 2005 14: 37: 25  Application Number of Total Use Koc Soil Aerobic rate ( lb/ acre) applications ( lb/ acre/ yr) ( ml/ g) metabolism ( days)  0.100 6.0 0.600 2.08E+ 04 60.2  groundwater screening cond ( ppb) = 3.60E 03* * Estimated concentrations of chemicals with Koc values greater than 9995 ml/ g are beyond the scope of the regression data used in SCI GROW development. If there are concerns for such chemicals, a higher tier groundwater exposure assessment should be considered, regardless of the concentration returned by SCI GROW. ************************************************************************

PRZM/ EXAMS Note: The output concentrations have not been adjusted by the PCA factor in these files. The adjustment is reflected in table 4 Cotton California stored as CottonCA. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAcottonC. txt modified Friday, 6 December 2002 at 06: 50: 06 EXAMS environment: ir298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 10: 34: 12 Metfile: w93193. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 04: 04: 24 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.6109 0.3484 0.2565 0.0991 0.06724 0.01687 1962 0.6129 0.3508 0.2589 0.1006 0.06837 0.01731 1963 0.6166 0.3549 0.2622 0.1028 0.06998 0.01773 1964 0.6127 0.3504 0.2586 0.1004 0.06829 0.01724 1965 0.6149 0.3529 0.2606 0.1017 0.06925 0.01755  12 1966 0.6157 0.3539 0.2614 0.1019 0.06919 0.01751 1967 0.6085 0.3457 0.2548 0.09772 0.06605 0.01661 1968 0.6109 0.3484 0.257 0.09969 0.06785 0.01713 1969 0.6128 0.3506 0.2587 0.1005 0.06825 0.01748 1970 0.6093 0.3466 0.2555 0.09847 0.0668 0.01694 1971 0.611 0.3486 0.2571 0.09934 0.06738 0.01701 1972 0.6121 0.3497 0.2581 0.09996 0.06788 0.01715 1973 0.6133 0.3511 0.2592 0.1008 0.06857 0.0174 1974 0.6124 0.3501 0.2584 0.1002 0.06803 0.01717 1975 0.6161 0.3544 0.2618 0.1027 0.07004 0.01773 1976 0.6148 0.3528 0.2605 0.1023 0.07011 0.01797 1977 0.6108 0.3483 0.2569 0.09921 0.06726 0.017 1978 0.6102 0.3476 0.2563 0.0988 0.06713 0.01693 1979 0.611 0.3485 0.2571 0.09938 0.06733 0.01688 1980 0.6087 0.3458 0.2549 0.09805 0.06642 0.01666 1981 0.6073 0.3443 0.2537 0.09711 0.06564 0.01646 1982 0.6129 0.3507 0.2588 0.1004 0.0683 0.01731 1983 0.6154 0.3536 0.2611 0.1016 0.06884 0.01743 1984 0.6034 0.3398 0.25 0.09496 0.06402 0.01595 1985 0.6052 0.3419 0.2517 0.09617 0.06512 0.01636 1986 0.611 0.3485 0.2571 0.09891 0.0669 0.01686 1987 0.6182 0.3567 0.2637 0.1034 0.07033 0.0177 1988 0.6054 0.3422 0.2519 0.09625 0.06509 0.01629 1989 0.6098 0.3472 0.256 0.09878 0.06705 0.01685 1990 0.608 0.3451 0.2543 0.09766 0.06612 0.01662 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 0.61606 0.35435 0.26176 0.10266 0.070034 0.017727 Average of yearly averages: 0.01707 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run: Output File: CottonCA Metfile: w93193. dvf PRZM scenario: CAcottonC. txt EXAMS environment file: ir298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 7 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm  13 Interval 1 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 2 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 3 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 4 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 5 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR IR Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run) Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 0 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 0 Cotton Mississippi stored as CottonMS. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAonionC. txt modified Monday, 23 December 2002 at 05: 48: 48 EXAMS environment: ir298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 10: 34: 12 Metfile: w03940. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 04: 05: 46 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 1.294 0.8689 0.4102 0.2243 0.1601 0.04901 1962 0.7856 0.4131 0.2657 0.1317 0.1018 0.03352 1963 2.187 1.036 0.4336 0.1766 0.1212 0.03677 1964 1.24 0.5311 0.3216 0.1919 0.1415 0.05652 1965 2.26 1.176 0.3197 0.1456 0.1579 0.05247 1966 1.734 0.7583 0.2785 0.2056 0.1549 0.04914 1967 0.687 0.3941 0.3014 0.1571 0.1182 0.03941 1968 0.6447 0.3617 0.2586 0.1339 0.09727 0.03297 1969 1.509 0.6197 0.3031 0.181 0.1295 0.03999 1970 1.036 0.4287 0.2561 0.1404 0.1331 0.05081 1971 1.138 0.5153 0.335 0.1948 0.1612 0.05147 1972 0.6268 0.355 0.2627 0.1317 0.0973 0.03513 1973 0.6045 0.3406 0.2508 0.1086 0.08734 0.03431 1974 0.6383 0.3615 0.2591 0.1352 0.1185 0.04385 1975 3.933 1.602 0.5744 0.325 0.2379 0.07385 1976 0.8993 0.5919 0.3304 0.1707 0.1447 0.04671 1977 1.08 0.6076 0.3262 0.175 0.1371 0.04835 1978 0.9796 0.56 0.315 0.1313 0.09914 0.03721 1979 3.381 1.565 0.7158 0.3673 0.2747 0.08552 1980 0.612 0.3393 0.2636 0.1153 0.08078 0.03044 1981 1.287 0.6196 0.3348 0.1415 0.1139 0.03842 1982 2.043 0.9086 0.513 0.3084 0.216 0.07078 1983 1.08 0.4434 0.272 0.149 0.1118 0.04244 1984 1.492 0.7043 0.3354 0.1887 0.1363 0.05006 1985 2.36 0.9698 0.3074 0.2285 0.1714 0.05328 1986 1.327 0.5493 0.3526 0.1695 0.1274 0.04415 1987 0.6063 0.3427 0.2592 0.1366 0.09617 0.03237 1988 0.9502 0.5307 0.3062 0.1462 0.1057 0.04024 1989 0.8184 0.48 0.3186 0.1355 0.1048 0.04127 1990 0.6208 0.3517 0.2592 0.103 0.08958 0.03481  14 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 2.35 1.162 0.50506 0.30041 0.21154 0.069354 Average of yearly averages: 0.0458423333333333 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run: Output File: CottonMS Metfile: w03940. dvf PRZM scenario: CAonionC. txt EXAMS environment file: ir298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 7 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 2 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 3 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 4 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 5 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT .13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR IR Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run) Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed Cotton North Carolina stored as CottonNC. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: NCcottonC. txt modified Friday, 6 December 2002 at 08: 14: 40  15 EXAMS environment: ir298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 10: 34: 12 Metfile: w13722. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 04: 05: 50 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 1.822 0.8207 0.3655 0.269 0.2069 0.05829 1962 2.846 1.274 0.7578 0.353 0.2549 0.0783 1963 1.125 0.494 0.2877 0.1376 0.09743 0.04555 1964 2.09 0.968 0.4298 0.275 0.238 0.07862 1965 2.719 1.323 0.5334 0.3374 0.2443 0.07185 1966 2.355 0.9852 0.4319 0.2559 0.1913 0.05691 1967 1.998 0.8431 0.3812 0.2716 0.2119 0.063 1968 3.412 1.608 0.6143 0.3001 0.2309 0.07346 1969 3.211 1.57 0.5946 0.3667 0.2779 0.0824 1970 2.937 1.317 0.6014 0.3466 0.2494 0.07206 1971 1.855 0.9675 0.4636 0.323 0.2495 0.0745 1972 2.971 1.419 0.6904 0.3872 0.2837 0.08212 1973 2.265 1.054 0.4831 0.3214 0.235 0.06792 1974 1.949 0.9601 0.3797 0.2457 0.1932 0.05781 1975 5.266 3.391 1.008 0.4438 0.32 0.08925 1976 1.786 0.7545 0.2605 0.1168 0.1261 0.04423 1977 1.448 0.6314 0.2886 0.2049 0.1745 0.05664 1978 5.485 2.272 0.6986 0.3195 0.2252 0.06654 1979 3.411 1.432 0.6556 0.3246 0.2565 0.07655 1980 1.348 0.5586 0.2685 0.1511 0.1383 0.04554 1981 2.625 1.114 0.5066 0.3323 0.2575 0.07694 1982 0.8976 0.3848 0.2617 0.1604 0.1161 0.04308 1983 0.6274 0.3517 0.2599 0.1095 0.07946 0.03825 1984 5.433 2.728 1.104 0.5139 0.3621 0.1022 1985 4.779 2.035 0.6108 0.3809 0.2769 0.07982 1986 1.824 0.9156 0.4323 0.342 0.2514 0.07123 1987 2.371 0.9961 0.371 0.1901 0.1816 0.0567 1988 1.435 0.6042 0.3041 0.1963 0.1802 0.05817 1989 2.823 1.287 0.5291 0.3507 0.2616 0.07916 1990 0.8369 0.4513 0.295 0.1372 0.096 0.04047 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 5.2173 2.2483 0.75188 0.38657 0.28312 0.082372 Average of yearly averages: 0.066252 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run: Output File: CottonNC Metfile: w13722. dvf PRZM scenario: NCcottonC. txt EXAMS environment file: ir298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife  16 Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 7 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 2 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 3 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 4 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 5 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 3 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT .13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR IR Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run) Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed Cotton Texas stored as CottonTX. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: TXcottonC. txt modified Friday, 6 December 2002 at 08: 25: 18 EXAMS environment: ir298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 10: 34: 12 Metfile: w13958. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 04: 06: 24 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 1.577 0.8782 0.4497 0.1831 0.1439 0.03805 1962 1.133 0.4547 0.2521 0.1278 0.09677 0.02687 1963 0.6046 0.3411 0.251 0.09555 0.06487 0.01705 1964 0.6067 0.3434 0.2531 0.09779 0.0755 0.02353 1965 0.6073 0.3442 0.2536 0.0995 0.07863 0.02501 1966 0.6066 0.3434 0.2529 0.1351 0.09717 0.026 1967 0.6067 0.3435 0.2537 0.1036 0.08379 0.02615 1968 1.039 0.5805 0.3312 0.1303 0.09437 0.02719 1969 0.6044 0.3408 0.2509 0.126 0.08919 0.02477 1970 0.6084 0.3454 0.2546 0.09779 0.07011 0.02002 1971 0.8563 0.427 0.2516 0.1392 0.09671 0.02576 1972 0.6115 0.349 0.2642 0.1044 0.07122 0.02036 1973 0.9996 0.5834 0.3205 0.1256 0.1002 0.03466 1974 1.198 0.5005 0.254 0.1549 0.1141 0.03354 1975 0.6942 0.4443 0.2827 0.116 0.08549 0.02562 1976 0.7866 0.4442 0.3059 0.1208 0.09663 0.02871 1977 0.6061 0.3428 0.2524 0.09641 0.06923 0.01932 1978 0.6041 0.3405 0.2506 0.1138 0.08269 0.02342 1979 2.672 1.104 0.5084 0.2583 0.179 0.04727 1980 0.6012 0.3371 0.2478 0.09418 0.06786 0.01897  17 1981 0.6692 0.4145 0.2779 0.1068 0.0844 0.02623 1982 0.6038 0.3401 0.2503 0.09516 0.06434 0.01757 1983 1.098 0.4808 0.3043 0.1247 0.08769 0.02373 1984 0.6059 0.3425 0.2522 0.09644 0.06549 0.02177 1985 0.6443 0.3542 0.2625 0.1009 0.07352 0.02417 1986 0.6045 0.341 0.251 0.09583 0.07742 0.02613 1987 0.8617 0.3565 0.2732 0.1097 0.09496 0.02722 1988 0.6083 0.3458 0.2547 0.09938 0.06712 0.0176 1989 0.6061 0.3428 0.2525 0.1035 0.07118 0.01902 1990 0.8209 0.4617 0.2883 0.113 0.07683 0.02324 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 1.1915 0.58311 0.33013 0.15333 0.11271 0.034548 Average of yearly averages: 0.0252983333333333 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run: Output File: CottonTX Metfile: w13958. dvf PRZM scenario: TXcottonC. txt EXAMS environment file: ir298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 7 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 2 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 3 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 4 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 5 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT .13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR IR Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)  18 Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed California Onions stored as Cypermethrin. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAonion0C. txt modified Tueday, 8 June 2004 at 12: 01: 56 EXAMS environment: ir298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 15: 34: 12 Metfile: w23155. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 20 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.5165 0.2212 0.1443 0.08728 0.05929 0.01474 1962 0.5173 0.2224 0.146 0.08886 0.06069 0.0152 1963 0.5178 0.2231 0.1462 0.08936 0.06143 0.01545 1964 0.5175 0.2223 0.1461 0.08905 0.06087 0.01516 1965 0.5181 0.2239 0.1464 0.08958 0.06154 0.01545 1966 0.5158 0.2193 0.1435 0.08722 0.05968 0.01505 1967 0.5175 0.2227 0.1458 0.08897 0.06077 0.01522 1968 0.515 0.219 0.1429 0.08647 0.05872 0.01463 1969 0.5156 0.2197 0.1429 0.08675 0.05911 0.01471 1970 0.5143 0.2166 0.1413 0.08545 0.05797 0.01449 1971 0.5184 0.2244 0.1477 0.0893 0.0608 0.01516 1972 0.5444 0.2289 0.1448 0.08722 0.05937 0.01479 1973 0.513 0.2146 0.1395 0.08411 0.05709 0.01423 1974 0.5145 0.2175 0.1418 0.0858 0.05832 0.01492 1975 0.5145 0.2175 0.1419 0.08583 0.0584 0.01462 1976 0.5144 0.217 0.1413 0.08549 0.05818 0.01447 1977 0.516 0.2202 0.1434 0.08672 0.05883 0.01513 1978 0.515 0.218 0.1424 0.08629 0.0587 0.01495 1979 0.5136 0.2158 0.1405 0.08481 0.05763 0.01432 1980 0.5184 0.2238 0.1471 0.08993 0.0616 0.01532 1981 0.514 0.2171 0.141 0.08507 0.05767 0.01438 1982 0.5145 0.2176 0.1415 0.08574 0.05833 0.01457 1983 0.5171 0.2215 0.1453 0.08861 0.06085 0.01572 1984 0.5164 0.2212 0.1441 0.08772 0.05989 0.01493 1985 0.5156 0.2203 0.1439 0.08719 0.05931 0.01489 1986 0.516 0.2197 0.1439 0.08741 0.05976 0.01495 1987 0.5155 0.2187 0.1431 0.08686 0.05955 0.01523 1988 0.5173 0.2216 0.1457 0.08876 0.06053 0.01509 1989 0.5166 0.2205 0.1447 0.08808 0.0602 0.01502 1990 0.5166 0.2208 0.1448 0.08807 0.06007 0.01496 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 0.5444 0.2289 0.1477 0.08993 0.0616 0.01572 0.0645161290322581 0.5184 0.2244 0.1471 0.08958 0.06154 0.01545 0.0967741935483871 0.5184 0.2239 0.1464 0.08936 0.06143 0.01545 0.129032258064516 0.5181 0.2238 0.1462 0.0893 0.06087 0.01532 0.161290322580645 0.5178 0.2231 0.1461 0.08905 0.06085 0.01523 0.193548387096774 0.5175 0.2227 0.146 0.08897 0.0608 0.01522  19 0.225806451612903 0.5175 0.2224 0.1458 0.08886 0.06077 0.0152 0.258064516129032 0.5173 0.2223 0.1457 0.08876 0.06069 0.01516 0.290322580645161 0.5173 0.2216 0.1453 0.08861 0.06053 0.01516 0.32258064516129 0.5171 0.2215 0.1448 0.08808 0.0602 0.01513 0.354838709677419 0.5166 0.2212 0.1448 0.08807 0.06007 0.01509 0.387096774193548 0.5166 0.2212 0.1447 0.08772 0.05989 0.01505 0.419354838709677 0.5165 0.2208 0.1443 0.08741 0.05976 0.01502 0.451612903225806 0.5164 0.2205 0.1441 0.08728 0.05968 0.01496 0.483870967741936 0.516 0.2203 0.1439 0.08722 0.05955 0.01495 0.516129032258065 0.516 0.2202 0.1439 0.08722 0.05937 0.01495 0.548387096774194 0.5158 0.2197 0.1435 0.08719 0.05931 0.01493 0.580645161290323 0.5156 0.2197 0.1434 0.08686 0.05929 0.01492 0.612903225806452 0.5156 0.2193 0.1431 0.08675 0.05911 0.01489 0.645161290322581 0.5155 0.219 0.1429 0.08672 0.05883 0.01479 0.67741935483871 0.515 0.2187 0.1429 0.08647 0.05872 0.01474 0.709677419354839 0.515 0.218 0.1424 0.08629 0.0587 0.01471 0.741935483870968 0.5145 0.2176 0.1419 0.08583 0.0584 0.01463 0.774193548387097 0.5145 0.2175 0.1418 0.0858 0.05833 0.01462 0.806451612903226 0.5145 0.2175 0.1415 0.08574 0.05832 0.01457 0.838709677419355 0.5144 0.2171 0.1413 0.08549 0.05818 0.01449 0.870967741935484 0.5143 0.217 0.1413 0.08545 0.05797 0.01447 0.903225806451613 0.514 0.2166 0.141 0.08507 0.05767 0.01438 0.935483870967742 0.5136 0.2158 0.1405 0.08481 0.05763 0.01432 0.967741935483871 0.513 0.2146 0.1395 0.08411 0.05709 0.01423 0.1 0.51837 0.22389 0.14638 0.089354 0.061374 0.015437 Average of yearly averages: 0.014925 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run: Output File: Cypermethrin Metfile: w23155. dvf PRZM scenario: CAonion0C. txt EXAMS environment file: ir298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments  20 Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 10 05 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 3 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 4 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF 0 Record 18: PLVKRT 0 PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR IR Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

California Lettuce stored as lettuce_ California. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAlettuceC1. txt modified Thuday, 17 February 2005 at 15: 15: 33 EXAMS environment: ir298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 10: 34: 12 Metfile: w23273. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 08: 04: 22 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.527 0.237 0.1567 0.1122 0.0809 0.02578 1962 0.5292 0.24 0.1592 0.1148 0.08369 0.0327 1963 0.5276 0.2367 0.1575 0.113 0.08325 0.02755 1964 0.5292 0.2398 0.1593 0.1146 0.08867 0.03054 1965 0.5456 0.2472 0.1588 0.1143 0.08266 0.03201 1966 0.5291 0.2394 0.1593 0.1146 0.08291 0.03206 1967 0.5293 0.2394 0.1594 0.1147 0.08298 0.0318 1968 0.5279 0.2379 0.1578 0.1133 0.09006 0.02681 1969 0.53 0.2406 0.1601 0.1155 0.08383 0.03498 1970 0.5298 0.2402 0.16 0.1152 0.08366 0.03189 1971 0.529 0.2393 0.159 0.1144 0.08307 0.02759 1972 0.5286 0.2391 0.1586 0.114 0.08388 0.03002 1973 0.5301 0.2406 0.1603 0.1156 0.08391 0.0385 1974 0.7126 0.3176 0.16 0.1154 0.08593 0.04074  21 1975 0.5298 0.2405 0.1599 0.1153 0.08394 0.03005 1976 0.7596 0.3508 0.1932 0.1564 0.1256 0.039 1977 0.5282 0.2382 0.1581 0.1137 0.08211 0.02933 1978 1.148 0.6764 0.2604 0.1586 0.1181 0.04938 1979 0.5287 0.2382 0.1588 0.1144 0.08294 0.02996 1980 0.5284 0.2385 0.1583 0.1139 0.08233 0.03276 1981 0.528 0.2379 0.1578 0.1135 0.08285 0.03021 1982 0.5276 0.2368 0.1574 0.113 0.08169 0.02908 1983 0.5244 0.2317 0.1534 0.1098 0.08225 0.03662 1984 0.524 0.2308 0.153 0.1092 0.07765 0.0257 1985 0.5272 0.2368 0.157 0.1126 0.08133 0.02821 1986 0.5285 0.239 0.1584 0.1175 0.08587 0.02933 1987 0.5282 0.2384 0.1581 0.1137 0.0839 0.03015 1988 0.5276 0.238 0.1573 0.1131 0.08173 0.02862 1989 0.5284 0.2387 0.1583 0.114 0.08255 0.02523 1990 0.5265 0.2362 0.1561 0.1122 0.08074 0.02415 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 0.6959 0.31056 0.16028 0.11731 0.089921 0.03895 Average of yearly averages: 0.0313583333333333 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run: Output File: lettuce_ California Metfile: w23273. dvf PRZM scenario: CAlettuceC1. txt EXAMS environment file: ir298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.16 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 8 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 3 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 4 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Interval 5 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app. Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF  22 Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR IR Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run) Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 0 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 0