[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 114 (Tuesday, June 14, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Page 34692]
[FR Doc No: 2011-14631]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

[Docket No. EL11-42-000]

Astoria Generating Company, L.P., NRG Power Marketing LLC, Arthur
Kill Power LLC, Astoria Gas Turbine Power LLC, Dunkirk Power LLC,
Huntley Power LLC, Oswego Harbor Power LLC, TC Ravenswood, LLC; v. New
York Independent System Operator, Inc.; Notice of Complaint

    Take notice that on June 3, 2011, pursuant to sections 206 and 306
of the Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C. 824e and 825e (2006) and Rule 206
of the Rules of Practice and Procedure of the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (Commission), 18 CFR 385.206 (2011), Astoria Generating
Company, L.P., NRG Power Marketing LLC, Arthur Kill Power LLC, Astoria
Gas Turbine Power LLC, Dunkirk Power LLC, Huntley Power LLC, Oswego
Harbor Power LLC and TC Ravenswood, LLC (collectively Complainants),
filed a complaint against the New York Independent System Operator,
Inc. (NYISO or Respondent), alleging that (1) The NYISO's
implementation of buyer-side market power mitigation provisions set
forth in Attachment H of the NYISO Market Administration and Control
Area Services Tariff (Services Tariff) is in contravention of the
requirements of the Services Tariff, and Commission orders and policy;
or (2) if such implementation does not violate the Services Tariff, the
buyer-side market power mitigation provisions of the Services Tariff
are unjust, unreasonable and unduly discriminatory.
    Any person desiring to intervene or to protest this filing must
file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Rules of
Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211, 385.214). Protests will be
considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate action to
be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to the
proceeding. Any person wishing to become a party must file a notice of
intervention or motion to intervene, as appropriate. The Respondent's
answer and all interventions or protests must be filed on or before the
comment date. The Respondent's answer, motions to intervene, and
protests must be served on the Complainants.
    The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests and
interventions in lieu of paper using the ``eFiling'' link at http://www.ferc.gov. Persons unable to file electronically should submit an
original and 14 copies of the protest or intervention to the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC
20426.
    This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov, using the
``eLibrary'' link and is available for review in the Commission's
Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an ``eSubscription''
link on the Web site that enables subscribers to receive e-mail
notification when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For
assistance with any FERC Online service, please e-mail
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or call<PHONE_NUMBER> (toll free). For
TTY, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time on June 23, 2011.

    Dated: June 7, 2011.
Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2011-14631 Filed 6-13-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6717-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 200 (Wednesday, October 18, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 71855-71856]
[FR Doc No: 2023-22994]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2017-0751; FRL-11376-01-OCSPP]

Pesticide Registration Review; Decisions and Case Closures for
Several Pesticides; Notice of Availability

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This notice announces the availability of EPA's final
registration review decisions for the following chemicals: Citric acid
and salts, and linalool. In addition, this notice announces the closure
of the registration review case for triadimenol because the last U.S.
registrations for this pesticide has been canceled.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before December 18, 2023.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by docket identification
(ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2017-0751, through the Federal eRulemaking
Portal at https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions
for submitting comments. Do not submit electronically any information
you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Additional
instructions on commenting and visiting the docket, along with more
information about dockets generally, is available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For pesticide specific information,
contact: The Chemical Review Manager for the pesticide of interest
identified in Table 1 in Unit IV.
    For general information on the registration review program,
contact: Melanie Biscoe, Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division (7508P),
Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone number:
(202) 566-0701; email address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    This action is directed to the public in general and may be of
interest to a wide range of stakeholders including environmental, human
health, farm worker, and agricultural advocates; the chemical industry;
pesticide users; and members of the public interested in the sale,
distribution, or use of pesticides. Since others also may be
interested, the Agency has not attempted to describe all

the specific entities that may be affected by this action. If you have
any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a
particular entity, consult the pesticide specific contact person listed
under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.

II. Background

    Registration review is EPA's periodic review of pesticide
registrations to ensure that each pesticide continues to satisfy the
statutory standard for registration, that is, the pesticide can perform
its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on human
health or the environment. As part of the registration review process,
the Agency has completed final decisions for all pesticides listed in
Table 1 in Unit IV. Through this program, EPA is ensuring that each
pesticide's registration is based on current scientific and other
knowledge, including its effects on human health and the environment.

III. Authority

    EPA is conducting its registration review of the chemicals listed
in Table 1 in Unit IV pursuant to section 3(g) of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Procedural
Regulations for Registration Review at 40 CFR part 155, subpart C.
Section 3(g) of FIFRA provides, among other things, that the
registrations of pesticides are to be reviewed every 15 years. Under
FIFRA, a pesticide product may be registered or remain registered only
if it meets the statutory standard for registration given in FIFRA
section 3(c)(5) (7 U.S.C. 136a(c)(5)). When used in accordance with
widespread and commonly recognized practice, the pesticide product must
perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on
the environment; that is, without any unreasonable risk to man or the
environment, or a human dietary risk from residues that result from the
use of a pesticide in or on food.

IV. What action is the Agency taking?

    Pursuant to 40 CFR 155.58, this notice announces the availability
of EPA's final registration review decisions for the pesticides shown
in Table 1. The registration review decisions are supported by
rationales included in the docket established for each chemical.

                            Table 1--Registration Review Final Decisions Being Issued
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Chemical review manager
 Registration review case name and No.                   Docket ID No.                  and contact information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Citric Acid and Salts, Case Number 4024  EPA-HQ-OPP-2020-0558........................  Areej Jahangir,
                                                                                [email protected],
<PHONE_NUMBER>.
Linalool, Case Number 6058.............  EPA-HQ-OPP-2021-0423........................  Hannah
                                                                                Dean,[email protected]
                                                                                ,<PHONE_NUMBER>.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed registration review decisions for the chemicals in the
table above were posted to the docket and the public was invited to
submit any comments or new information. EPA addressed the comments or
information received during the 60-day comment period for the proposed
decisions in the discussion for each pesticide listed in the table.
Comments from the 60-day comment period that were received may or may
not have affected the Agency's interim or final decision. Pursuant to
40 CFR 155.58(c), the registration review case docket for the chemicals
listed in the Table will remain open until all actions required in the
decision have been completed.
    This document also announces the closure of the registration review
case for triadimenol (Case Number 7008, Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OPP-
2016-0114) because the last U.S. registrations for this pesticide has
been canceled.
    Background on the registration review program is provided at:
https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-reevaluation.
    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.

    Dated: October 13, 2023.
Mary Elissa Reaves,
Director, Pesticide Re-Evaluation Division, Office of Pesticide
Programs.
[FR Doc. 2023-22994 Filed 10-17-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


2E-05
                                     7E-06
                                  Applicator
               Applying Sprays with Aerial Application Equipment
                    Roads, parking lots, etc. (pre-paving)
                               0.522 lb ai/acre
                                   60 acres
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                     5E-07

                         Field-grown ornamental crops
                               0.368 lb ai/acre
                                   40 acres
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    3E-07

                                      Sod
                               0.522 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                     3E-06

                              Field crop, typical
                                0.5 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                     3E-06

                                  Fallow land
                                 1 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                     6E-06

                           Field crop, high-acreage
                               0.500 lb ai/acre
                                  1200 acres
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                    No Data
                                     1E-05
             Applying Sprays with Groundboom Application Equipment
                    Roads, parking lots, etc. (pre-paving)
                               0.522 lb ai/acre
                                    5 acres
                                     2E-06
                                     4E-07
                                     3E-07
                                     2E-06
                                     3E-07
                                     3E-07
                                     2E-06
                                     3E-07
                                     3E-07
                                     1E-07

                         Field-grown ornamental crops
                               0.368 lb ai/acre
                                   40 acres
                                     1E-05
                                     2E-06
                                     2E-06
                                     9E-06
                                     2E-06
                                     2E-06
                                     9E-06
                                     2E-06
                                     1E-06
                                     6E-07

                                      Sod
                               0.523 lb ai/acre
                                   80 acres
                                     3E-05
                                     6E-06
                                     5E-06
                                     3E-05
                                     6E-06
                                     4E-06
                                     3E-05
                                     5E-06
                                     4E-06
                                     2E-06

                              Field crop, typical
                                0.5 lb ai/acre
                                   80 acres
                                     3E-05
                                     6E-06
                                     5E-06
                                     3E-05
                                     5E-06
                                     4E-06
                                     3E-05
                                     5E-06
                                     4E-06
                                     2E-06

                                  Fallow land
                                 1 lb ai/acre
                                   80 acres
                                     5E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     9E-06
                                     5E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     8E-06
                                     5E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     8E-06
                                     3E-06

                           Field crop, high-acreage
                               0.500 lb ai/acre
                                   200 acres
                                     7E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     6E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     6E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     4E-06
                                    Flagger
                   Flagging for Aerial Applications (Sprays)
                                  Fallow land
                                 1 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                     4E-05
                                     4E-05
                                     4E-05
                                     3E-05
                                     3E-05
                                     3E-05
                                     3E-05
                                     3E-05
                                     3E-05
                                    No Data

                         Field-grown ornamental crops
                               0.368 lb ai/acre
                                  350 acres
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                     1E-05
                                   No Data

                                      Sod
                               0.522 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                    No Data

                              Field crop, typical
                                0.5 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                    No Data

                           Field crop, high-acreage
                               0.500 lb ai/acre
                                   350 acres
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                     2E-05
                                    No Data
1	Based on registered labels.
2	Exposure Science Advisory Council Policy #9.1.
3	Cancer risk estimates = Total LADD x Q1[*], where Q1[*] = 0.103 (mg/kg/day)[-1]

8.2 Occupational Post-application Exposure/Risk Estimates

HED uses the term post-application to describe exposures that occur when individuals are present in an environment that has been previously treated with a pesticide (also referred to as re-entry exposure).  Such exposures may occur when workers enter previously treated areas to perform job functions, including activities related to crop production, such as scouting for pests or harvesting.  Post-application exposure levels vary over time and depend on such things as the type of activity, the nature of the crop or target that was treated, the type of pesticide application, and the chemical's degradation properties.  In addition, the timing of pesticide applications, relative to harvest activities, can greatly reduce the potential for post-application exposure.

8.2.1 Occupational Post-application Inhalation Exposure/Risk Estimates

There are multiple potential sources of post-application inhalation exposure to individuals performing post-application activities in previously treated fields. These potential sources include volatilization of pesticides and resuspension of dusts and/or particulates that contain pesticides.  The Agency sought expert advice and input on issues related to volatilization of pesticides from its Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) in December 2009, and received the SAP's final report on March 2, 2010 (http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0687-0037).  The Agency has evaluated the SAP report and has developed a Volatilization Screening Tool and a subsequent Volatilization Screening Analysis (https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0219).  During Registration Review, the Agency will utilize this analysis to determine if data (i.e., flux studies, route-specific inhalation toxicological studies) or further analysis is required for bromoxynil.

In addition, the Agency is continuing to evaluate the available post-application inhalation exposure data generated by the Agricultural Reentry Task Force.  Given these two efforts, the Agency will continue to identify the need for and, subsequently, the way to incorporate occupational post-application inhalation exposure into the Agency's risk assessments.

Although a quantitative occupational post-application inhalation exposure assessment was not performed, an inhalation exposure assessment was performed for occupational/commercial handlers.  Handler exposure resulting from application of pesticides outdoors is likely to result in higher exposure than post-application exposure.  Therefore, it is expected that these handler inhalation exposure estimates would be protective of most occupational post-application inhalation exposure scenarios.

8.2.2 Occupational Post-application Dermal Exposure/Risk Estimates

Occupational Post-application Dermal Exposure Data and Assumptions

A series of assumptions and exposure factors served as the basis for completing the occupational post-application risk assessments.  Each assumption and factor is detailed below on an individual basis.

Exposure Duration: HED classifies exposures from 1 to 30 days as short-term and exposures 30 days to six months as intermediate-term.  Exposure duration is determined by many things, including the exposed population, the use site, the pest pressure triggering the use of the pesticide, and the cultural practices surrounding that use site.  For most agricultural uses, it is reasonable to believe that occupational post-application workers will not apply the same chemical every day for more than a one-month time frame; however, there may be a large agribusiness and/or commercial applicators who may apply a product over a period of weeks (e.g., completing multiple applications for multiple clients within a region).

Transfer Coefficients: It is the policy of HED to use the best available data to assess post-application exposure.  Sources of generic post-application data, used as surrogate data in the absence of chemical-specific data, are derived from ARTF exposure monitoring studies, and, as proprietary data, are subject to the data protection provisions of FIFRA.  The standard values recommended for use in predicting post-application exposure that are used in this assessment, known as "transfer coefficients",  are presented in the ExpoSAC Policy 3" which, along with additional information about the ARTF data, can be found at the Agency website.

Application Rate: The registered application rates for bromoxynil are listed in Table 4.1.

Exposure Time:  The average occupational workday is assumed to be 8 hours.

Dislodgeable Foliar Residues (DFR):  A chemical-specific DFR data set has been submitted for bromoxynil on sweet corn (MRID 49884502).  The study (D448515, S.Tadayon, 8/9/2018) has been reviewed by HED and was found to be acceptable for risk assessment.

The DFR study was conducted at three sites: Germansville, PA (NAFTA Region 1), Delavan, WI (NAFTA Region 5), and Sanger, CA (NAFTA Region 10).  One application of the test product (Bromoxynil 4 EC, an emulsifiable concentrate containing a nominal 27% bromoxynil heptanoate and 28% bromoxynil octanoate) was made to corn foliage at a target application rate of 0.5 lb/A total bromoxynil, corresponding to 0.34 lb ai/A bromoxynil heptanoate and 0.35 lb ai/A bromoxynil octanoate.  The foliar broadcast spray applications were made using tractor mounted sprayers or CO2 backpack and spray volumes of 16-19 gallons of spray solution per acre (GPA). No adjuvants were used, with the exception of the Pennsylvania trial, which used a small amount of defoamer. Leaf samples were collected prior to and immediately after the application (when spray on the crop leaves had dried), and at 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 13-14, 20, 27-28 and 33-35 days after treatment (DAT). At the California site, the 13-14DAT samples were not collected due to an oversight. At each sampling interval, three replicate DFR samples were collected from the treated plot.  Control samples were collected from each of the test sites prior to the application.

At the Pennsylvania site, residues of bromoxynil heptanoate and bromoxynil octanoate were highest immediately after the application, declining to below the LOD by 5-7DAT; residues of bromoxynil phenol declined to below the LOD by 2DAT but showed a spike on 27-33DAT.  The average residue of total bromoxynil (and percent of application rate) was highest at 0DAT at 1.935 ug/cm[2] (35.1%), declined to 0.0087 ug/cm[2] (0.16%) by 7DAT, and increased to 0.0739 ug/cm[2] (1.34%) by 33DAT.

At the Wisconsin site, residues of bromoxynil heptanoate and bromoxynil octanoate were highest immediately after the application, declining to below the LOD by 5DAT; residues of bromoxynil phenol declined to below the LOD by 1DAT but showed a spike on 28DAT.  The average residue of total bromoxynil (and percent of application rate) was highest at 0DAT at 1.065 ug/cm[2] (19.1%), declined to 0.0087 ug/cm[2] (0.16%) by 5DAT, and increased to 0.2014 ug/cm[2] (3.61%) by 28DAT.

At the California site, residues of bromoxynil heptanoate and bromoxynil octanoate were highest immediately after the application, declining to below the LOD by 7DAT; residues of bromoxynil phenol declined to below the LOD by 1DAT but showed a spike on 27DAT.  The average residue of total bromoxynil (and percent of application rate) was highest at 0DAT at 0.7825 ug/cm[2] (13.7%), declined to 0.0087 ug/cm[2] (0.15%) by 7DAT, and increased to 0.0283 ug/cm[2] (0.50%) by 27DAT.

The data and the results of the pseudo-first order statistical analysis are summarized below in Table <IP_ADDRESS>. The predicted DAT-0 residue value of 1.924 ug/cm2 from the Pennsylvania site was used to estimate risks.

Table <IP_ADDRESS>.  Review of Determination of Dislodgeable Foliar Residues on Sweet Corn Foliage Treated with Bromoxynil (MRID 49884502)
Statistic
                                 Pennsylvania
                                   Wisconsin
                                  California
Half-life (days)
                                      0.7
                                      0.4
                                      1.1
R[2]
                                    0.9998
                                    0.9299
                                    0.8363
Decay Constant (k)
                                    -1.034
                                    -1.639
                                    -0.617
Daily Dissipation (%)
                                      64
                                      81
                                      46
Actual Average 0DAT (ug/cm[2])
                                     1.935
                                     1.065
                                     0.783
Predicted Initial Residue (C0) (ug/cm[2])
                                     1.924
                                     1.381
                                     0.396
% of Application Rate calculated using Actual Average DFR on 0DAT
                                     35.09
                                     19.12
                                     13.74
Predicted % of Application Rate (%)
                                     34.86
                                     24.77
                                     6.95

Transferable Turf Residues (TTR):  A chemical-specific TTR data set has been submitted for bromoxynil (MRID 49884501).  The study (D448513, S.Tadayon, 8/9/2018) has been reviewed by HED and was found to be acceptable for risk assessment.

The TTR study was conducted at three sites: Chula, GA (NAFTA Region 2), Lenexa, KS (NAFTA Region 5), and Sanger, CA (NAFTA Region 10).  Two plots were established at each test site. One plot was designated at the irrigated test plot (TRTI) and the second as the non-irrigated test plot (TRTN).  One application of the test product (Bromoxynil 4 EC, an emulsifiable concentrate containing a nominal 27% bromoxynil heptanoate and 28% bromoxynil octanoate) was made to each plot at a target rate of 0.5 lb ai/A, corresponding to 0.35 lb bromoxynil heptanoate/A and 0.36 lb bromoxynil octanoate/A.  The test substance was applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer at each site.  Triplicate TTR samples were collected from the treated plots before and after each application (after the spray had dried) and at target times of  1-, 2-, 4-, 8-, 12-, 24-, 32-hours, and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after treatment (DAT).  At the California site, the 5DAT samples were not collected due to an oversight. Control samples were collected from each of the test sites prior to the application.

At the Georgia site, the average total bromoxynil TTR from the non-irrigated plot was highest immediately following the application (0.0628 ug/cm[2]; 1.10% of application rate), the average TTR would decline and increase once before declining to 0.0021 ug/cm[2] (0.04% of application rate) at 1.3 DAT (31 hours after the application).  For the irrigated plot at the GA site, the average total bromoxynil TTR was highest immediately after the application was watered-in (0.0155 ug/cm[2]; 0.27% of the application rate) and declined to 0.0020 ug/cm[2] (0.03% of the application rate) 8 hours after the application.

At the Kansas site, the average total bromoxynil TTR from the non-irrigated plot was highest 2 hours after the application (0.0468 ug/cm[2]; 0.83% of application rate), the average TTR would decline and increase once before declining to 0.0023 ug/cm[2] (0.04% of application rate) at 3DAT.  The average total bromoxynil TTR from the irrigated plot at the Kansas site was highest immediately after the application was watered-in (0.0233 ug/cm[2]; 0.42% of the application rate) and declined to 0.0018 ug/cm[2] (0.03% of the application rate) 12 hours after the application.

At the California site, the average total bromoxynil TTR from the non-irrigated plot was highest immediately following the application (0.0360 ug/cm[2]; 0.63% of application rate), declining to 0.0025 ug/cm[2] (0.04% of application rate) at 2DAT.   The average total bromoxynil TTRs from the irrigated plot at the California site were all below the LOQ.

The data and the results of the pseudo-first order statistical analysis are summarized below in Table <IP_ADDRESS>. The predicted DAT-0 residue value of 0.041 ug/cm2 from the Georgia site (non-irrigated plot) was used to estimate risks.

Table <IP_ADDRESS>.  Review of Determination of Transferable Turf Residues on Turf Treated with Bromoxynil (MRID 49884501)
Statistic
                                    Georgia
                                    Kansas
                                  California

                                     TRTN
                                     TRTI
                                     TRTN
                                     TRTI
                                     TRTN
                                    TRTI[1]
Half-life (days)
                                      0.4
                                      0.1
                                      0.7
                                      0.1
                                      0.5
                                      --
R[2]
                                     0.708
                                    0.9296
                                    0.8971
                                     0.921
                                     0.856
                                      --
Decay Constant (k)
                                    -1.927
                                    -7.008
                                    -0.995
                                    -4.733
                                    -1.282
                                      --
Daily Dissipation (%)
                                      85
                                      100
                                      63
                                      99
                                      72
                                      --
Actual Average 0DAT (ug/cm[2])
                                    0.0628
                                    0.0155
                                    0.0409
                                    0.0233
                                    0.0360
                                    0.0025
Predicted Initial Residue (C0) (ug/cm[2])
                                     0.041
                                     0.017
                                     0.036
                                     0.019
                                     0.023
                                      --
% of Application Rate calculated using Actual Average TTR on 0DAT
                                     1.10
                                     0.27
                                     0.73
                                     0.42
                                     0.63
                                     0.04
Predicted % of Application Rate (%)
                                     0.71
                                     0.30
                                     0.64
                                     0.35
                                     0.40
                                      --
[1] All average TTR values were below the LOQ; regression analysis not conducted.

Occupational Post-application Non-Cancer Dermal Exposure and Risk Estimate Equations
The algorithms used to estimate non-cancer exposure and dose for occupational post-application workers can be found in Appendix A.

Occupational Post-application Non-Cancer Dermal Risk Estimates
Some dermal post-application exposure scenarios resulted in MOEs lower than the LOC (MOE >= 100) on the day of treatment (i.e., day 0) and are of concern. Risks were of concern (MOE < 100) were identified for the following scenarios:

 Irrigating (hand set) alfalfa, grasses grown for seed, and mint up to 1 day after application at 0.5 lb ai/A
 Scouting barley and wheat on the day of treatment at 0.5 lb ai/A
 Scouting flax on the day of treatment at 0.25 lb ai/A
 Irrigating (hand set) corn (field and pop) up to 1 day after application at 0.5 lb ai/A
 Hand weeding onion (green and bulb) up to 1 day after application at 0.375 lb ai/A
 Hand weeding garlic up to 3 day after application at 0.5 lb ai/A.

Table <IP_ADDRESS>. Occupational Post-application Non-Cancer Dermal Exposure and Risk Estimates for Bromoxynil.
                          Policy Crop Group Category
                                     Crops
                              Application Rate1
                                   (lb ai/A)
                   Maximum Transfer Coefficient2 (cm[2]/hr)
                           Activities for MaximumTC
                                     DAT
                             (Day After Treatment)
                           DFR Residue[3] (ug/cm[2])
                               Dose4 (mg/kg-day)
                                    MOE[5]
                        Field / row crop, low / medium
                     Alfalfa, Grasses Grown for seed, Mint
                                      0.5
                                     1900
                             Irrigation (hand set)
                                       0
                                     1.96
                                     0.431
                                      23

                                       1
                                     0.70
                                     0.153
                                      65

                                       2
                                     0.25
                                     0.054
                                      180

                     Barley, Wheat, spring, Wheat, winter
                                      0.5
                                     1100
                                   Scouting
                                       0
                                     1.96
                                     0.249
                                      40

                                       1
                                     0.70
                                     0.089
                                      110

                                     Flax
                                     0.25
                                     1100
                                   Scouting
                                       0
                                     0.98
                                     0.125
                                      80

                                       1
                                     0.35
                                     0.044
                                      230
                            Field / row crop, tall
                            Corn, field; Corn, pop
                                      0.5
                                     1900
                             Irrigation (hand set)
                                       0
                                     1.96
                                     0.431
                                      23

                                       1
                                     0.70
                                     0.153
                                      65

                                       2
                                     0.25
                                     0.054
                                      180

                                Sorghum, grain
                                      0.5
                                      210
                                   Scouting
                                       0
                                     1.96
                                     0.048
                                      210
                                  Turf / sod
                                      Sod
                                     0.523
                                     6700
            Maintenance;  Harvesting, Slab; Transplanting/Planting
                                       0
                                     0.042
                                     0.032
                                      310
                               Vegetable, "root"

                           Onion, bulb; Onion, green
                                     0.375
                                     4200
                                 Hand weeding
                                       0
                                     1.47
                                     0.714
                                      14

                                       1
                                     0.52
                                     0.254
                                      39

                                       2
                                     0.19
                                     0.090
                                      110

                                    Garlic
                                      0.5
                                     4200
                                 Hand weeding
                                       0
                                     1.96
                                     0.952
                                      11

                                       1
                                     0.70
                                     0.339
                                      30

                                       2
                                     0.25
                                     0.120
                                      83

                                       3
                                     0.09
                                     0.043
                                      220
1 Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from EPA registered labels for bromoxynil.
2 Transfer Coefficient and Post Application Activities from EPA's Occupational Pesticide Re-entry Exposure Calculator  -  Revised March 2017.
3	DFR Data source: MRID 49884502 (Sweet corn-PA site): Day 0 concentration = 1.924 ug/cm[2]; Study application rate = 0.492 lb ai/A
	TTR Data source: MRID 49884501 (Non-irrigated turf-GA site): Day 0 concentration = 0.041 ug/cm[2]; Study application rate = 0.51 lb ai/A
4	Daily Dermal Dose = [DFR (ug/cm[2]) x Transfer Coefficient x 0.001 mg/ug x 8 hrs/day ]  BW (69 kg).
5	MOE = POD (mg/kg/day) / Daily Dermal Dose.

Restricted Entry Interval

Bromoxynil is classified as Toxicity Category III via the dermal route and Toxicity Category IV for skin irritation potential.  It is not a skin sensitizer.  Short- and intermediate-term post-application risk estimates were not a concern on day 0 (12 hours following application) for most activities.  However, there were risk estimates of concern related to irrigating (hand set) alfalfa, grasses grown for seed, mint, and corn, and hand weeding onion (green and bulb) for up to 1 day after application

Occupational Post-application Cancer Dermal Exposure and Risk Equations
As was done for occupational handlers, post-application cancer risk estimates were calculated using a linear low-dose extrapolation approach in which a LADD is first calculated and then compared with a Q1* that has been calculated for bromoxynil based on dose response data in the appropriate toxicology study (Q1* = 0.103 (mg/kg/day)[-1]).  The algorithms used to estimate the LADD and cancer risk for occupational workers can be found in Appendix B.

Days per Year of Exposure: HED assumes that post-application workers would be exposed at a frequency of 30 days per year.

Years per Lifetime of Exposure:  HED assumes that post-application workers would be exposed for 35 years out of a 78 year lifespan.

Lifetime Expectancy:  Based on available data from EPA's Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition, the recommended lifespan for use in cancer risk assessments is 78 years.  Life expectancy values are derived from the Exposure Factors Handbook 2011 Edition Table 18-1 (U.S. EPA, 2011).  The table shows that the overall life expectancy is 78 years based on life expectancy data from 2007.  In 2007, the average life expectancy for males was 75 years and 80 years for females.

Occupational Post-application Cancer Dermal Risk Estimates
A summary of post-application cancer risks is presented in Table <IP_ADDRESS>.  Cancer risks based on a 30-day average dose range from 7E-07 to 3E-05.

Table <IP_ADDRESS>.  Occupational Post-application Cancer Dermal Exposure and Risk Estimates for Bromoxynil.
                          Policy Crop Group Category
                                     Crops
                              Application Rate1
                                   (lb ai/A)
                   Maximum Transfer Coefficient2 (cm[2]/hr)
                           Activities for MaximumTC
                               Yearly Frequency
                                  (days/year)
                            Lifetime Average Dose3
                     Using 30-day Average Dose (mg/kg-day)
                                Cancer Risk[4]
                        Field / row crop, low / medium
                     Alfalfa, Grasses Grown for seed, Mint
                                      0.5
                                     1900
                             Irrigation (hand set)
                                      30
                                    0.0001
                                     1E-05

                     Barley, Wheat, spring, Wheat, winter
                                      0.5
                                     1100
                                   Scouting
                                      30
                                    0.0001
                                     7E-06

                                     Flax
                                     0.25
                                     1100
                                   Scouting
                                      30
                                    0.00003
                                     3E-06
                            Field / row crop, tall
                            Corn, field; Corn, pop
                                      0.5
                                     1900
                             Irrigation (hand set)
                                      30
                                    0.0001
                                     1E-05

                                Sorghum, grain
                                      0.5
                                      210
                                   Scouting
                                      30
                                    0.00001
                                     1E-06
                                  Turf / sod
                                      Sod
                                     0.523
                                     6700
            Maintenance;  Harvesting, Slab; Transplanting/Planting
                                      30
                                    0.00001
                                     7E-07
                               Vegetable, "root"
                           Onion, bulb; Onion, green
                                     0.375
                                     4200
                                 Hand weeding
                                      30
                                    0.0002
                                     2E-05

                                    Garlic
                                      0.5

                                    0.0003
                                     3E-05
  1 Application rates are the maximum application rates determined from EPA registered labels for bromoxynil.
  2 Transfer Coefficient and Post Application Activities from EPA's Occupational Pesticide Re-entry Exposure Calculator  -  Revised Jan 2017.
  3 Calculated using 30-day average dose.  Dermal LADD (mg/kg/day) = Dermal dose (mg/kg/day) x [Days per year of exposure (30 days/yr) / 365 days/year] x [Years per lifetime of exposure (35 yrs) /  Lifetime expectancy (78 yrs)].
  4 Cancer risk estimates = Dermal LADD x Q1*, where Q1* =0.103 (mg/kg/day)-1

Appendix A.  Summary of Occupational Non-cancer Algorithms

Occupational Non-cancer Handler Algorithms

Potential daily exposures for occupational handlers are calculated using the following formulas:

E=UE * AR * A * 0.001 mg/ug

where:

E	=	exposure  (mg ai/day),
UE	=	unit exposure (ug ai/lb ai),
AR	=	maximum application rate according to proposed label (lb ai A or lb ai/gal), and
A	=	area treated or amount handled (e.g., A/day, gal/day).

The daily doses are calculated using the following formula:

ADD=  E * AFBW

where:

ADD	= 	average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg ai/kg/day),
E	=	exposure  (mg ai/day),
AF	=	absorption factor (dermal and/or inhalation), and
BW 	= 	body weight (kg).

Margin of Exposure:  Non-cancer risk estimates for each application handler scenario are calculated using a Margin of Exposure (MOE), which is a ratio of the toxicological endpoint to the daily dose of concern.  The daily dermal and inhalation dose received by occupational handlers are compared to the appropriate POD (i.e., NOAEL) to assess the risk to occupational handlers for each exposure route.  All MOE values are calculated using the following formula:

MOE= PODADD

where:

MOE	=	margin of exposure: value used by HED to represent risk estimates (unitless),
POD	=	point of departure (mg/kg/day), and
ADD	=	average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg ai/kg/day).

Occupational Non-cancer Post-application Algorithms

Potential daily exposures for occupational post-application workers are calculated using the following formulas:

DFRt=AR *  F* (1-D)t*4.54E8uglb*2.47E-8Acm2

where:

DFRt	=	dislodgeable foliage residue on day "t" (ug/cm[2]),
AR	=	application rate (lb ai/acre),
F	=	fraction of ai retained on foliage or 25% (unitless),
D	=	fraction of residue that dissipates daily or 10% (unitless), and
t	=	number of days after application day (days).

E=TC * DFR t * ET * 0.001mgug

where:
E	=	exposure  (mg ai/day),
TC 	=	transfer coefficient (cm[2]/hr),
DFRt	=	dislodgeable foliar residue on day "t" (ug/cm[2]), and
ET	=	exposure time (hours/day).

The daily doses are calculated using the following formula:

ADD=  E * AFBW

where:

ADD	= 	average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg ai/kg/day),
E	=	exposure  (mg ai/day),
AF	=	absorption factor (dermal and/or inhalation), and
BW 	= 	body weight (kg).

Margin of Exposure:  Non-cancer risk estimates for each scenario are calculated using a Margin of Exposure (MOE), which is a ratio of the toxicological endpoint to the daily dose of concern.  The daily dermal dose received by occupational post-application workers is compared to the appropriate POD (i.e., NOAEL) to assess the risk to occupational post-application workers.  All MOE values are calculated using the following formula:

MOE= PODADD

where:

MOE	=	margin of exposure: value used by HED to represent risk estimates (unitless),
POD	=	point of departure (mg/kg/day), and
ADD	=	average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg ai/kg/day).

Appendix B.  Summary of Occupational and Residential Cancer Algorithms

After the development of the ADD values, the next step required to calculate carcinogenic risk estimates is to amortize these values over the anticipated lifetime, which results in the LADD.  LADD values are calculated using the following equation:

LADD =  ADD *  Days per Year of Exposure365 Days per Year *  Years per Lifetime of ExposureLifetime Expectancy

where:

LADD	=	absorbed dose over a lifetime (mg ai/kg/day),
ADD	=	average daily dose absorbed in a given scenario (mg
		ai/kg/day),
Days per Year of Exposure	=	annual frequency of an application by an individual
		(days/year),
Years per Lifetime of Exposure	=	amount of a lifetime that an individual would be
		expected to use pesticides (years), and
Lifetime Expectancy	= 	average life expectancy of an individual (years).

Cancer risk estimate calculations are completed by comparing the LADD values calculated above to the Q1* for the chemical.  Cancer risk estimates are calculated using the following equation:

Total Cancer Risk Estimate =  Dermal LADD + Inhalation LADD *  Q1*

where:

Cancer Risk Estimate	=	probability of incidence of cancer cases over a lifetime (unitless),
Dermal LADD	=	absorbed dose from dermal exposure over a lifetime (mg ai/kg/day),
Inhalation LADD	=	absorbed dose from inhalation exposure over a lifetime (mg ai/kg/day), and
Q1*	=	quantitative dose response factor used for linear, low-dose response cancer risk estimate calculations (mg/kg/day)[-1].

Appendix C.  Summary of Spray Drift Algorithms

Modified TTR Equation to Account for Spray Drift
The equation presented below, should be used to evaluate potential risks from spray drift. This equation is similar to the standard TTR equation, except that an additional term has been included (DF or Drift Fraction) that provides an adjustment for the amount of drift that moves into and deposits in a non-target area, such as a lawn. This equation applies to situations where TTR data are not available.

                   TTR = AR * DF * F * (1-D)[t] * CF2 * CF3
where:
	TTR 	  =	turf transferable residue (ug/cm[2])
      DF	=	drift fraction of spray drift that deposits on lawns (unitless)
	AR	=	application rate (lbs ai/ft[2] or lb ai/acre)
	F	=	fraction of ai as transferable residue following application (unitless)	D	=	fraction of residue that dissipates daily (unitless)
      T	=	post-application day on which exposure is being assessed (Day 0 in this SOP)
      CF2	=	weight unit conversion factor (4.54 x 10[8] ug/lb)
      CF3	=	area unit conversion factor (1.08 x 10[-3] ft[2]/ cm[2] or 2.47 x 10[-8] acre/cm[2])

If chemical specific TTR data are available, the residue on Day 0 is used after it is adjusted based on the ratio of the applicable application rate for risk assessment (i.e., based on the crop of concern) and the application rate for the TTR study followed by an additional adjustment for the drift fraction factor as illustrated above.

Drift Fraction Values
The spray drift fraction (DF) values for selected aerial, groundboom, and airblast application scenarios, based on average deposition values at each distance of interest, are shown in the tables below (Tables B-1, -2, -3).

Table C-1. Average Drift Fractions for a 50' Wide Lawn Starting at Various Distances Downwind From a Field Treated Using Aerial Equipment.
                                 Droplet Size+
              Distance Downwind From Treated Field (feet)

                                       0
                                      10
                                      25
                                      50
                                      75
  100
 125
  150
  200
  250
  300
Fine to Medium*
 0.257
 0.209
 0.169
 0.129
 0.098
 0.076
 0.063
 0.054
 0.041
 0.034
 0.028
Medium to Coarse*
 0.211
 0.156
 0.115
 0.082
 0.058
 0.044
 0.035
 0.029
 0.021
 0.016
 0.013
Coarse to Very Coarse*
 0.183
 0.124
 0.082
 0.053
 0.037
 0.028
 0.022
 0.018
 0.013
 0.010
 0.008
Very Fine to Fine*
 0.373
 0.340
 0.305
 0.262
 0.226
 0.197
 0.175
 0.155
 0.127
 0.108
 0.095
AT401, M, 10 mph,
34% SD
 0.234
 0.183
 0.142
 0.105
 0.078
 0.060
 0.049
 0.042
 0.032
 0.026
 0.021
WASP, M, 10 mph,
34% SD
 0.218
 0.171
 0.129
 0.086
 0.063
 0.049
 0.040
 0.034
 0.026
 0.021
 0.018
AT401, C, 10 mph,
25% SD
 0.198
 0.141
 0.099
 0.067
 0.047
 0.036
 0.029
 0.024
 0.017
 0.013
 0.011
WASP, C, 10 mph,
25% SD
 0.171
 0.121
 0.084
 0.053
 0.038
 0.028
 0.023
 0.018
 0.013
 0.010
 0.009
AT401, VC, 10 mph,
20% SD
 0.175
 0.115
 0.072
 0.044
 0.031
 0.023
 0.018
 0.014
 0.010
 0.008
 0.006
WASP, VC, 10 mph,
20% SD
 0.138
 0.088
 0.057
 0.036
 0.025
 0.019
 0.014
 0.012
 0.008
 0.007
 0.006
 *Information is based on the Tier 1 option in the AgDrift model. The fine to medium spray quality is used in this SOP as the basis for the screening level assessment. These are all based on fixed wing aircraft.
 +For further options the AT401 is the representative fixed wing aircraft and the Wasp is the representative helicopter. SD = swath displacement. SD values for non-Tier I options computed using AgDrift automated adjustment option.

 Spray Quality Summaries: Fine to Medium (F2M): Dv0.5 = 255 uM; Medium (M): Dv0.5 = 294 uM; Medium to Coarse (M2C): Dv0.5 = 341 uM; Coarse (C) Dv0.5 = 385 uM; Coarse to Very Coarse (C2VC): Dv0.5 = 439 uM;Very Coarse (VC): Dv0.5 = 478 uM & Very Fine to Fine (VF2F): Dv0.5 = 137 uM  -  only to be used with labeling justification

Table C-2. Average Drift Fractions for a 50' Wide Lawn Starting at Various Distances Downwind From a Field Treated Using Ground Equipment.

 Boom Height
                                  Droplet Size
                  Distance Downwind From Treated Field (feet)

                                       0
                                      10
                                      25
                                      50
                                      75
  100
  125
  150
  200
  250
  300

  High
     Very Fine to Fine

 0.187

 0.093

 0.056

 0.035

 0.025

 0.020

 0.017

 0.014

 0.011

 0.008

 0.007

  Low
     Very Fine to Fine
 0.085
 0.032
 0.020
 0.013
 0.010
 0.008
 0.007
 0.006
 0.005
 0.004
 0.003

  High
 Fine to Medium/Coarse
 0.049
 0.019
 0.013
 0.009
 0.007
 0.006
 0.005
 0.005
 0.004
 0.003
 0.003

  Low
 Fine to Medium/Coarse
 0.033
 0.012
 0.008
 0.006
 0.005
 0.004
 0.003
 0.003
 0.002
 0.002
 0.002
 Low Boom 0.508 m (20 in), High Boom 1.27 m (50 in)
 Fine to Medium/Coarse (F2M/C): Avg. Droplet size (Dv0.5) = 341 uM

Table C-3. Average Drift Fractions for a 50' Wide Lawn Starting at Various Distances Downwind From a Field Treated Using Orchard Blast Equipment.

  Crop Canopy
                  Distance Downwind From Treated Field (feet)

                                       0
                                      10
                                      25
                                      50
                                      75
  100
  125
  150
  200
  250
  300
  Sparse
 0.1435
 0.0834
 0.0443
 0.0200
 0.0110
 0.0068
 0.0045
 0.0032
 0.0018
 0.0011
 0.0008
  Normal
 0.0030
 0.0020
 0.0013
 0.0009
 0.0006
 0.0005
 0.0004
 0.0003
 0.0003
 0.0002
 0.0002
   Dense
 0.0422
 0.0279
 0.0175
 0.0100
 0.0067
 0.0049
 0.0039
 0.0032
 0.0023
 0.0018
 0.0015
  Vineyard
 0.0080
 0.0041
 0.0022
 0.0012
 0.0008
 0.0006
 0.0005
 0.0004
 0.0003
 0.0002
 0.0002
 Sparse (Young, Dormant): This composite orchard combines small grapefruit and dormant apple orchards. Normal (Stone and Pome Fruit, Vineyard): This composite orchard combines grape and orchards.
 Dense (Citrus, Tall Trees): This composite orchard combines almond, orange, grapefruit, small grapefruit (mist blower) and pecan orchards.
 Vineyard: This composite curve combines grape air blast sprayer applications and may not apply to other application equipment.
 Note: AgDrift also contains an "Orchard" scenario which is a composite of results from all tree canopy types. Since it is a composite it has not been included.

Post-application Dermal Exposure Algorithm -- Physical Activities on Turf
Exposure resulting from contacting previously treated turf while performing physical activities is calculated as shown below:
E=TTRtxCF1xTCxET
where:
E	=	exposure (mg/day);
TTRt	=	turf transferable residue on day t (ug/cm2);
CF1	=	weight unit conversion factor (0.001 mg/ug);
	TC	=	transfer coefficient (cm2/hr); and
	ET	=	exposure time (hr/day).

Dermal absorbed doses are calculated as:
D=ExAFBW
where:
	D	=	dose (mg/kg-day);
	E	=	exposure (mg/day);
	AF	=	absorption factor (dermal); and
	BW	=	body weight (kg).

 Table C-4. Turf (Physical Activities)  -  Recommended Point Estimates for Post-Application Dermal Exposure Factors
   Algorithm Notation
                                   Exposure Factor (units)
  Point Estimate(s)
                                      AR
                               Application rate
                    (mass active ingredient per unit area)
                                  See Table 4.1.

                                       F
  Fraction of AR as TTR following application (if chemical-specific data are unavailable)
      L/WP/WDG
                                     0.01

                                   Granules

                                     0.002

                                      FD
     Daily residue dissipation (if chemical-specific data are unavailable)
                                  (fraction)
      L/WP/WDG
                                      0.1

                                   Granules

                                      0.1

                                      TC
                         Transfer Coefficient (cm2/hr)
 L/WP/WDG
                                    Adults
                                    180,000

  Children 1 < 2 years old
                                    49,000

  Granules
                                    Adults
                                    200,000

  Children 1 < 2 years old
                                    54,000
                                      ET
     Exposure Time (hours per day)
                                    Adults
                                      1.5

  Children 1 < 2 years old
                                      1.5
                                      BW
        Body Weight (kg)
                                    Adults
                                      69

  Children 1 < 2 years old
                                      11

Post-application Hand-to-Mouth Exposure Algorithm -- Physical Activities on Turf
Exposure from hand-to-mouth activity is calculated as follows (based on the algorithm utilized in the SHEDS-Multimedia model):

  E = [HR * (FM * SAH) * (ET * N_Replen) * (1- (1- SE)[(Freq_HtM/N-Replen)])]
where:
	E		=	exposure (mg/day);
      HR		=	hand residue loading (mg/cm[2]);
	FM		=	fraction hand surface area mouthed / event (fraction/event);
	SAH		=	typical surface area of one hand (cm[2]);
	ET		=	exposure time (hr/day);
	N_Replen	=	number of replenishment intervals per hour (intervals/hour);
	SE		=	saliva extraction factor (i.e., mouthing removal efficiency); and
	Freq_HtM	=	number of hand-to-mouth contact events per hour (events/hour).

and

where:
	HR		=	hand residue loading (mg/cm[2]);
	Faihands		=	fraction ai on hands compared to total surface residue from dermal
                  transfer coefficient study (unitless);
	DE		=	dermal exposure (mg); and
      SAH		=	typical surface area of one hand (cm[2]).

Dose, normalized to body weight, is calculated as:

where:
      D	= dose (mg/kg-day);
      E	= exposure (mg/day); and
      BW	= body weight (kg).

Table C-5. Turf (Physical Activities)  -  Inputs for Residential Post-application Hand-to-Mouth Exposure
                              Algorithm Notation
                            Exposure Factor (units)
                               Point Estimate(s)
                                   Faihands
   Fraction of ai on hands from dermal transfer coefficient study (unitless)
                              Liquid formulations
                                     0.06

                             Granular formulations
                                     0.027
                                      DE
                             Dermal exposure (mg)
                                  Calculated
                                      SAH
     Typical surface area of one hand (cm[2]), children 1 < 2 years old
                                      150
                                      AR
            Application rate (mass active ingredient per unit area)
                                      0.5
                                      HR
                   Residue available on the hands (mg/cm[2])
                      Calculated via (DE * Faihands)/SAH
                                      FM
              Fraction hand surface area mouthed (fraction/event)
                                     0.127
                                   N_Replen
                Replenishment intervals per hour (intervals/hr)
                                       4
                                      ET
                            Exposure time (hrs/day)
                                      1.5
                                      SE
                      Saliva extraction factor (unitless)
                                     0.48
                                   Freq_HtM
                   Hand-to-mouth events per hour (events/hr)
                                     13.9
                                      BW
                               Body Weight (kg)
                          Children 1 < 2 years old
                                      11

Appendix D.  Summary of Directions for Agricultural Occupational Uses of Bromoxynil

Table 4.1. Summary of Directions for Agricultural Occupational Uses of Bromoxynil
Use Site
Formulation
Application Target
Application Type
Application Equipment
Maximum Application Rate
PPE
Labels
User Directions and Limitations
Alfalfa
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer
0.375 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs
Barley
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
1381-249; 1381-258; 264-1075; 264-1168; 264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 34704-996; 42750-103; 42750-48; 42750-52; 62719-557; 71368-77; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs
Corn, Field
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78; 71368-93; 9779-346

Max. application rate: 0.5 lb ai/A/year

REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment

Groundboom sprayer
0.499 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
62719-557

REI = 24 hrs
Corn, Pop
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast

Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 42750-50; 71368-78; 71368-93; 9779-346

Max. application rate: 0.5 lb ai/A/year

REI = 24 hrs
Fallow land
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer
1.00 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
71368-93

Max. application rate: 1.00 lb ai/A/year

REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.523 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
1381-258

Max. application rate: 0.522 lb ai/A/year

REI = 24 hrs
Flax
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer
0.25 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 42750-103; 42750-48; 42750-52; 71368-78; 9779-346

REI = 24 hrs
Garlic
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78; 9779-346

REI = 24 hrs
Grasses Grown for Seed
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 42750-48; 42750-52; 62719-557; 71368-77; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 12 and 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.499 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
62719-557

REI = 12 and 24 hrs
Grass Forage/ Fodder/ Hay
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Groundboom sprayer
0.205 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-1023
Max. application rate: 0.41 lb ai/A/year

REI = 24 hrs
Grass/Turf
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air
0.522 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
1381-258
Max. application rate: 0.522 lb ai/A/year

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast/
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.523 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
1381-258
Max. application rate: 0.522 lb ai/A/year

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 42750-103; 42750-52; 42750-48; 71368-77; 9779-346
REI = 12, 24, 288, and 624 hrs
Mint/ Peppermint/ Spearmint
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer
0.375 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48, 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs
Oats
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast/
Spot treatment
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
1381-249; 264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 42750-103; 42750-48; 42750-52; 62719-557; 71368-77; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.499 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
62719-557
REI = 24 hrs
Onion

Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.375 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs
Premises/ Areas
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.523 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
1381-258
Max. application rate: 0.522 lb ai/A/year

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Helicopter
0.522 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
1381-258
Max. application rate: 0.522 lb ai/A/year

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
42750-48; 9779-346; 264-540; 71368-78

Rye

Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 34704-996; 42750-103; 42750-48; 42750-52; 71368-77; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs
Shrubs/ Bushes/ Vines

Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast, Directed
Air, Groundboom sprayer
0.368 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
CA050012
REI = 12 hrs
Sorghum
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
9779-346; 264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78
REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.382 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
62719-557

REI = 24 hrs
Sudangrass
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast,
Spot Treatment
Air, Groundboom sprayer
0.499 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
62719-557

REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 71368-78

REI = 24 hrs
Triticale
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
264-540; 42750-48; 62719-557; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.499 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
62719-557
REI = 24 hrs
Wheat
Liquid
Foliage/ Plant
Broadcast
Air, Groundboom sprayer, Chemigation
0.50 lb ai/A
●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant footwear
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Chem. resistant headgear
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Enclosed Cab (App. Equipment)
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
●  Respirator, NIOSH filtering half face
1381-249; 1381-258; 264-540; 264-690; 34704-1052; 34704-996; 42750-103; 42750-48; 42750-52; 62719-557; 71368-77; 71368-78; 9779-346
REI = 24 hrs

Foliage/ Plant
Spot Treatment
Groundboom sprayer
0.499 lb ai/A

●  Chem. resistant apron
●  Chem. resistant gloves
●  Coverall / Double-layer
●  Long-sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes/socks
●  Protective Eyewear
1381-258; 62719-557

REI = 24 hrs