[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 68 (Monday, April 12, 2021)]
[Notices]
[Pages 19001-19002]
[FR Doc No: 2021-07461]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Federal Emergency Management Agency

[Docket ID: FEMA-2021-0013; OMB No. 1660-0002]

Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection;
Comment Request; Disaster Assistance Registration

AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of Homeland
Security.

ACTION: 60-Day notice of renewal and request for comments.

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SUMMARY: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), as part of its
continuing effort to reduce paperwork and respondent burden, invites
the general public to take this opportunity to comment on an extension,
without change, of a currently approved information collection. In
accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, this notice seeks
comments concerning Disaster Assistance Registration and COVID-19
Funeral Assistance Registration.

DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before June 11, 2021.

ADDRESSES: To avoid duplicate submissions to the docket, please use
only one of the following means to submit comments.
    Online. Submit comments at www.regulations.gov under Docket ID
FEMA-2021-0013. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
    All submissions received must include the agency name and Docket
ID. Regardless of the method used for submitting comments or material,
all submissions will be posted, without change, to the Federal
eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov, and will include any
personal information you provide. Therefore, submitting this
information makes it public. You may wish to read the Privacy Act
notice that is available via the link in the footer of
www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Brian Thompson, Supervisory Program
Specialist, FEMA, Recovery Directorate,<PHONE_NUMBER>. You may contact
the Information Management Division for copies of the proposed
collection of information at email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and
Emergency Assistance Act (Pub. L. 93-288) (the Stafford Act), as
amended, is the legal basis for FEMA to provide financial assistance
and services to individuals who apply for disaster assistance benefits
in the event of a federally-declared disaster. Regulations in Title 44
of the Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart D, ``Federal Assistance to
Individuals and Households,'' implement the policy and procedures set
forth in section 408 of the Stafford Act. This program provides
financial assistance and, if necessary, direct assistance to eligible
individuals and households who, as a direct result of a major disaster,
have necessary expenses and serious needs that are unable to be met
through other means. Individuals and households may apply for
assistance (Registration Intake) under the Individuals and Households
program in person, via telephone, or internet. As a result of the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, to be considered for COVID-19
Funeral Assistance, applicants who are responsible for a deceased
individual's funeral expenses must contact FEMA to complete a disaster
assistance registration via telephone.

Collection of Information

    Title: Disaster Assistance Registration.
    Type of Information Collection: Extension, without change, of a
currently approved information collection number.
    OMB Number: 1660-0002.
    FEMA Forms: FEMA Form 009-0-1T (English), Tele-Registration,
Disaster Assistance Registration; FEMA Form 009-0-1T-COVID-FA
(English), Tele-Registration, COVID-19 Funeral Assistance; FEMA Form
009-0-1Int (English), internet, Disaster Assistance Registration; FEMA
Form 009-0-2Int (Spanish), internet, Registro Para Asistencia De
Desastre; FEMA Form 009-0-1 (English), Paper Application/Disaster
Assistance Registration; FEMA Form 009-0-2 (Spanish), Solicitud en
Papel/Registro Para Asistencia De Desastre; FEMA Form 009-0-3
(English), Declaration and Release; FEMA Form 009-0-4 (Spanish),
Declaraci[oacute]n Y Autorizaci[oacute]n; FEMA Form 009-0-5 (English),
Manufactured Housing Unit Revocable License and Receipt for Government
Property; FEMA Form 009-0-6 (Spanish), Las Casas Manufacturadas Unidad
Licencia Revocable y Recibo de la Propiedad del Gobierno; Request for
Information (RFI).
    Abstract: The forms in this collection are used to obtain pertinent
information to provide financial assistance, and if necessary, direct
assistance to eligible individuals and households who, as a direct
result of a disaster or emergency, have uninsured or under-insured,
necessary or serious expenses they are unable to meet. This extension,
without change, will also support the continued ability to provide
COVID-19 Funeral Assistance to individuals who responsible for a
deceased individual's funeral expenses.
    Affected Public: Individuals or Households.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 2,004,488.
    Estimated Number of Responses: 2,004,488.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 662,708.
    Estimated Total Annual Respondent Cost: $23,220,781.
    Estimated Respondents' Operation and Maintenance Costs: $0.

    Estimated Respondents' Capital and Start-Up Costs: $0.
    Estimated Total Annual Cost to the Federal Government:
$203,187,715.

Comments

    Comments may be submitted as indicated in the ADDRESSES caption
above. Comments are solicited to (a) evaluate whether the proposed data
collection is necessary for the proper performance of the agency,
including whether the information shall have practical utility; (b)
evaluate the accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden of the
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used; (c) enhance the quality, utility, and
clarity of the information to be collected; and (d) minimize the burden
of the collection of information on those who are to respond, including
through the use of appropriate automated, electronic, mechanical, or
other technological collection techniques or other forms of information
technology, e.g., permitting electronic submission of responses.

Millicent L. Brown,
Senior Manager, Records Management Branch, Office of the Chief
Administrative Officer, Mission Support, Federal Emergency Management
Agency, Department of Homeland Security.
[FR Doc. 2021-07461 Filed 4-9-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-23-P


Materials Characterization Paper

In Support of the

Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking –

Identification of Nonhazardous Materials That Are Solid Waste

Wastewater Treatment Sludge

December 16, 2008

====================================================================

1.	Definition of Wastewater Treatment Sludge

The suspended and dissolved solids generated in the wastewater treatment process are called sludges or sewage sludge.  This sludge is also commonly known as biosolids.  Wastewater treatment operations require careful management of sludge, not only after removal from the treatment process, but also during the treatment process:  sludge is a critical biologically active mix of water, organic matter (derived from human wastes, food wastes, etc.), inorganic solids (including trace elements), dead and alive micro-organisms (including pathogens), and trace contaminants (e.g., chemicals).  Some sludge is routinely recycled within the treatment facility process to optimize operations.  However, as sludge builds up, batches of it are regularly removed from effluent treatment operations.  This “raw” sludge is typically two to three percent solids and 97 to 98 percent water and must be further treated to be utilized in a beneficial manner.  Most sludge comes from primary settling tanks (“clarifiers”) and/or secondary settling tanks and, in most cases, is a slightly thick, gray-bottom liquid.  In this analysis, wastewater treatment sludge includes materials generated after both primary and secondary treatment stages.

Sludges generated from the pulp and paper industry are discussed in the Materials Characterization Paper entitled, “Forest-Derived Biomass and Pulp and Paper Residues.”

2.	Annual Quantities of Wastewater Treatment Sludge Generated and Used:

Sectors that generate Wastewater Treatment Sludge:

The NAICS code for sewage treatment facilities is 221320.

Quantities and Prices of Wastewater Treatment Sludge Generated:

Data sources for the 2002-2003 period differ in their assessment of the generation of wastewater treatment sludge in the U.S.  Based on the range of values reported by these sources, an estimated 5 to 7 million tons were generated annually in the U.S. during this period. (City of Toronto 2003; WEF 2002;  NBP 2005, p. 19-1).

Nationwide data on the market value of wastewater treatment sludge are not readily available.  On a local scale, a 1996 article by BioCycle magazine estimated that biosolids produced by the Hampton Roads Sanitation District in Virginia was worth approximately $20 per dry ton of biosolids (or $95 per acre for land application) (NBP 2005).  More recent estimates of the economic value of biosolids were not readily available.

Trends in Generation of Wastewater Treatment Sludge:

The readily available data do not show a clear trend in the generation of wastewater treatment sludge.

3.	Uses of Wastewater Treatment Sludge

Fuel uses:

Wastewater treatment sludge may be used as a fuel in cement kilns (NAICS 327310 cement industry).  The available data do not indicate how widespread this practice is.

Various sources indicate that between 15 and 22 percent of wastewater treatment sludge is incinerated (WEF 2002; City of Toronto 2003; UNEP). Approximately 150 municipalities in the U.S. - representing approximately 250 installations - engage in this practice (City of Toronto 2003).  However, when wastewater treatment sludge is burned in dedicated wastewater treatment sludge incinerators, it is most likely not used as a substitute for conventional fossil fuels that incinerators may burn to maintain efficient combustion.

There are two fundamental options for recovery of energy from dried biosolids:  1) utilize an existing offsite “host” process in which the biosolids replace a portion of the prime fuel; and 2) construct a dedicated plant onsite to produce energy for either onsite use or export (ENERGOs, 2007).

“Slurry-Carb™” process that converts biosolids into a renewable fuel called E-Fuel.  The E-Fuel product derived from the Slurry-Carb™ process is suitable for gasification, co-firing, use in cement kilns or utilization in industrial and utility boilers (PWM 2007; EnerTech 2008).  The cost of the Slurry-Carb process is approximately $72 per ton (PWM 2007).  The first Slurry-Carb facility is scheduled to open in the Los Angeles area in 2008 and will convert 675 wet tons of sludge per day into approximately 145 tons per day of E-fuel, which will be sold to a local cement kiln as a substitute for coal (PWM 2007).

Incineration of wastewater treatment sludge is regulated under 40 CFR 503 Subpart E. These regulations cover pollutant limits; general management practices; and monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements (EPA 2004).

Non-Fuel Uses of Wastewater Treatment Sludge

According to EPA data summarized by the Water Environment Federation, more than 60 percent of wastewater treatment sludge produced in the United States is beneficially used on land following treatment, frequently by alkaline addition (WEF 2002).  Similarly, another data source indicates that 63 percent of biosolids in the U.S. were land applied in 1998, with this figure expected to reach 66 percent in 2005 and 70 percent in 2010 (Oleszkiewicz and Mavinic 2002).

Nearly 42 percent of all U.S. wastewater treatment solids are land applied as fertilizer (Clackamas County 2006).  Based on the figures presented in the previous bullet, this represents approximately two-thirds of the total percentage land applied.

Data published by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) suggest that approximately 36 percent of wastewater treatment sludge generated in the mid-1990s was beneficially used for agricultural applications (land applied) and 10 percent was managed through other methods (UNEP).  Examples of land application uses include:

Agricultural cropland application, through liquid injection, or surface spreading followed by incorporation into the soil;

Commercial sale as a fertilizer or soil conditioning material, particularly for horticultural and landscaping applications;

Rangeland and pasture application to improve available grazing;

Remediation of contaminated areas such as mine sites;

Soil amendment and recovery of marginal land; and

Land application in reforested areas (UNEP).

A potential future use of wastewater treatment sludge is as an anaerobic agent to optimize the natural degradation of waste in municipal solid waste landfills. (NBP 2005, p 19-1).

Land application of wastewater treatment sludge is regulated under 40 CFR 503.  These regulations cover pollutant limits; general management practices; and monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements (EPA 2004).  The pollutant limits are listed below in Exhibit 4.

Quantities of Wastewater Treatment Sludge Landfilled

Based on EPA estimates from the 2000-2002 period, approximately 14 to 17 percent of wastewater treatment sludge is landfilled, and, of this, approximately 3 percent is used as daily or final cover in landfills (EPA as cited in WEF 2002 and NBP 2005, p. 19-1).

Data published by UNEP suggest that 38 percent of wastewater treatment sludge was disposed in landfills in the mid-1990s (Chang, Pang and Asano 1996).

Quantities Wastewater Treatment Sludge Stockpiled/Stored

The available information sources do not suggest that wastewater treatment sludge is stockpiled or stored.

Exhibit 1:  Overview of Generation and Use - Wastewater Treatment Sludge

Commodity	Annual Quantity Generated

	Beneficial Use	Annual Quantity Landfilled	Annual Quantity Incinerated Annual Quantity in Other Uses (landfill cover)

Fuel

(cement kiln)	Land Applied

--------------------------------- Short Tons --------------------------------

Biosolids (Wastewater Treatment Sludge)	5 to 7 million dry tons	Quantity data unavailable	60%+	14 to 17%	15 to 22%	Quantity data unavailable

Sources:

 City of Toronto 2003, NBP 2005, Oleszkiewicz and Mavinic 2002, UNEP, and WEF 2002

4.	Management and Combustion processes

Types of Units

Fluidized Bed Incineration (FBI)

Multiple Hearth Furnace (MHF)

Cement Kilns

Sourcing information

Municipal and food wastewater treatment plants.

Processing Information:

Most often, wastewater treatment sludge is treated in either an aerobic or anaerobic digester to stabilize the material and reduce pathogen concentrations (disease-causing organisms).  A variety of other treatment options may be used to ensure that sludge meets federal and state requirements for beneficial甠敳唠潰慳楴晳楹杮琠敨敳爠煥極敲敭瑮 ⱳ琠敨猠畬杤獩挠湯楳敤敲抓潩潳楬鑤⠠䕎剂⁁ 〲㔰⸩

The Slurry-Carb™ technology converts biosolids to fuel using the following processes:

Biosolids are subjected to pressure and heat;

Upon reaching the desired reaction temperature, the biosolids break down into carbon and light gases;

The result is a slurry with molecules that are much smaller than the original biosolids and very high in energy;

The slurry is dewatered to 50 percent total solids through centrifugation rather than evaporation, allowing it to dry using approximately two-thirds less energy than conventional drying methods;

The end product, a renewable fuel called E-Fuel, is an alternative to fossil fuels (EnerTech 2008).

Energy recovery technologies can be classified into sludge-to-biogas processes, sludge-to-syngas processes, sludge-to-oil processes, and sludge-to-liquid processes.  The technologies available for resource recovery include those to recover phosphorus, building materials, nitrogen, volatile acids, etc (WERF, 2008a).

Changes in Technology to improve use as a fuel:

Information is not readily available on specific technological developments to improve the use of wastewater treatment sludge in combustion applications.  The Lehigh Cement Company, however, began performing tests in 2004 on the use of dried sewage pellets from two Baltimore treatment plants to replace some of the coal burned by Lehigh’s kiln near Union Bridge.  Lehigh’s parent corporation, Heidelberger Zement, and other cement makers have been using sludge pellets for about 20 years in Europe.  Approximately 55 dry tons of pellets are produced each day at the Back River and the Patapsco wastewater treatment plants in Baltimore (Hand-Smith 2007, p5).

State status of Combustion as beneficial use:

At this stage, we have not identified any states that have approved use of wastewater treatment sludge as fuel, but we have not performed an exhaustive investigation of state activities and regulations.

5.	Wastewater Treatment Sludge Composition and Impacts

Composition of Commodity

The Slurry-Carb™ process recently developed by EnerTech Environmental, produces a final product called “E-Fuel” from biosolids that can be sold as a renewable fuel with approximately 7,000 BTU per pound (EnerTech 2008).

According to the Water Environment Foundation, the energy value of biosolids is approximately 5,500 kcal/kg (10,000 Btu per pound) of dry volatile solids or 2,500 to 3,000 kcal/kg (4,500 to 5,500 Btu per pound) of total dry matter (WEF 2000).  Exhibit 2 presents separate Btu values for different types of wastewater treatment sludge.

Exhibit 2:  Btu Value of Different Types of Wastewater Treatment Sludge

Wastewater Treatment Sludge Material	Heating Value

(Btu per pound of dry solids)

Fine Screenings	9,000

Grit	4,000

Grease and Scum	16,700

Dewatered Raw Biosolids	10,300

Chemical Precipitated Biosolids	7,500

Dewatered Digested Biosolids	5,300

Source:

NBP 2005, p 15-10

Exhibit 3 compares the results of two surveys of the chemical composition of biosolids, and, for comparison, also includes the composition of coal.  The 40-City Study, which was conducted in 1979 and 1980, examined the solids generated at 40 publicly-owned wastewater treatment facilities, while the National Sewage Sludge Survey conducted in 1989 summarizes the results of testing conducted at over 200 wastewater treatment facilities (NBP 2005, pp. 3-1 to 3-2).  While dated, the results of the two surveys indicate that, in almost every case, the observed concentrations in the National Sewage Sludge Survey are less than those in the 40-city study, suggesting that concentrations fell during the 1980s.  Copper and mercury concentrations, however, appear to have increased during this period.  The increase in copper concentrations most likely reflects increased use of copper plumbing in new homes. There is no clear explanation for the increase in the average mercury concentration (NBP 2005, p.3-2).

Exhibit 3:  Composition of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Sludges

Element	Wastewater Treatment Sludge	Coal (mg/kg)

	40-City Study (1980)

mg/kg dry weight	National Sewage Sludge Study (1989)

mg/kg dry weight

	Arsenic	9.9	6.7	10

Cadmium	69	6.9	0.5

Chromium	429	119	20

Copper	602	741	Not available

Lead	369	134.4	40

Mercury	2.8	5.2	0.1

Molybdenum	17.7	9.2	Not available

Nickel	135.1	42.7	20

Selenium	7.3	5.2	1

Zinc	1,594	1,202	Not available

Sources:

NBP 2005, pp. 3-1 to 3-2 and EPA 1998, p. 1-5

In accordance with Part 503, all biosolids applied to the land must be within the limits listed in Exhibit 4.

Exhibit 4:  Pollutant Limits for Biosolids Applied to the Land

Pollutant	Ceiling Concentration Limits for All Biosolids Applied to Land (milligrams per kilogram)a

Arsenic	75

Cadmium	85

Chromium	3000

Copper	4300

Lead	840

Mercury	57

Molybdenumb	75

Nickel	420

Selenium	100

Zinc	7500

Applies to:	All biosolids that are land applied

From Part 503	Table 1, Section 503.13

Source:

EPA 2004

Notes:

aDry-weight basis

bAs a result of the February 25, 1994, Amendment to the rule, the limits for molybdenum were deleted from the Part 503 rule pending EPA reconsideration.

Impact Information

Cost Impacts: The net cost impacts associated with the beneficial use of wastewater treatment sludge as a fuel in cement kilns depends on the value of the fuel that this material replaces and the cost of processing the material prior to its use as a fuel.  Information on these processing costs is not readily available, but we estimate that the fuel savings associated with using wastewater treatment sludge as a substitute for conventional fuels would be $2.23 per MMBtu, assuming that the wastewater treatment sludge would replace coal (EIA 2007, Table ES1).

Emissions Impacts of Using Wastewater Treatment Sludge as a Fuel in Cement Kilns: As indicated above, an unknown quantity of wastewater treatment sludge may be beneficially used as a fuel in cement kilns.  Information is not available on the emissions associated with this activity, but we were able to identify information on the emissions associated with the incineration of wastewater treatment sludge, as summarized in Exhibit 5.  The exhibit also summarizes the combustion-related emissions for coal, distillate oil, residual oil, and natural gas.

Upstream Emissions Impacts: Use of wastewater treatment sludge as a replacement for traditional primary fuels in cement kilns eliminates the environmental impacts associated with extraction and processing of the traditional fuels.  Exhibit 5 lists the quantities of cradle-to-gate (i.e., combustion plus upstream) emissions for coal, the fuel typically used by cement kilns, and other fossil fuels based on typical processes in the United States in the late 1990s.

Exhibit 5:  Comparative Impacts of Sludge Incineration versus Alternative Primary Fuels

Pollutant	Sludge Incineration	Coal	Distillate Fuel Oil	Residual Fuel Oil Natural Gas

	Combustion (Incineration)	Combustion	Combustion plus Upstream Combustion	Combustion plus Upstream	Combustion	Combustion plus Upstream Combustion	Combustion plus Upstream

	------------------------------------------------------- lb./MMBtu ------------------------------------------------

Criteria Pollutants

PM2.5	0.025	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

PM10	0.043	0.054	0.054	0.011	0.011	0.093	0.093	0.009	0.009

PM, unspecified	0.010	-	0.246	-	0.012	-	0.012	-	0.004

NOx	0.201	0.482	0.504	0.173	0.234	0.367	0.428	0.301	0.417

VOCs	0.008	0.006	0.014	0.001	0.363	0.002	0.367	0.009	0.524

SOx	0.28	1.446	1.469	0.209	0.394	1.593	1.781	0.073	1.985

CO	0.8	0.068	0.085	0.036	0.082	0.033	0.079	0.058	0.282

Pb	3.1x10-3	8.93x10-6	9.19x10-6	4.60x10-6	5.61x10-6	5.80x10-5	5.90x10-5 -	2.72x10-7

Hg	-	2.05x10-6	2.14x10-6	1.58x10-6	1.77x10-6	8.67x10-6	8.85x10-6	- 7.18x10-8

Source:

Franklin Associates 1998.

Notes:

“-” signifies data not available; may equal zero.

The sludge incineration numbers are based on a combination of averages, including the average controlled emissions rates from 12 sources and three different incineration technologies (multiple hearth, fluidized bed, and electric).  Additionally, a midpoint value of 10,350 BTUs/lb heating value for wastewater treatment sludge was used (heating values ranged from 4,000 btu/lb to 16,700 btu/lb).

The emission information presented in this table is derived from Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data, as compiled by Franklin Associates.   LCI data identifies and quantifies resource inputs, energy requirements, and releases to the air, water, and land for each step in the manufacture of a product or process, from the extraction of the raw materials to ultimate disposal. The LCI can be used to identify those system components or life cycle steps that are the main contributors to environmental burdens such as energy use, solid waste, and atmospheric and waterborne emissions.  Uncertainty in an LCI is due to the cumulative effects of input uncertainties and data variability.

There are several life cycle inventory databases available in the U.S. and Europe.  For this paper, we applied the most readily available LCI database that was most consistent with the materials and uses examined. These LCI data rely on system boundaries as defined by Franklin Associates, as described in the documentation for this database, available at:   HYPERLINK "http://www.pre.nl/download/manuals/DatabaseManualFranklinUS98.pdf"  http://www.pre.nl/download/manuals/DatabaseManualFranklinUS98.pdf .

References

City of Toronto, 2003.  “Biosolids and Residuals Master Plan, Incineration Backgrounder,” November 5, 2003.

Clackamas County Oregon, 2006. “A Beneficial Product of Wastewater Treatment,” fact sheet, June 2006.

Energos (UK), 2007.  “Energy from Waste, Biosolids as an Energy Source,” powerpoint presentation, February

2007.

EnerTech Environmental, 2008.  “The Slurry-Carb™ Process, Renewable Energy from Biosolids,” powerpoint presentation, 2008, accessed on September 30, 2008, at: http://www.enertech.com/downloads/SlurryCarbOverview.pdf

Franklin Associates, 1998.  “Franklin US LCI 98 Library,” 1998.

Hand-Smith, Gillian, 2007.   “The Future of International High Tech Biosolids Treatment Technologies in

Australia,” 2007, accessed on August 21, 2008, at:

http://www.mwhglobal.com.au/technical-paperspost-2006.

National Biosolids Partnership, 2005. National Manual of Good Practice for Biosolids, published in 2000, revised in

January 2005, accessed on August 28, 2008, at:

  HYPERLINK "http://www.biosolids.org/ems_main.asp?sectionid=48&pageid=189&pagename= Manual%20of%20Good%"  http://www.biosolids.org/ems_main.asp?sectionid=48&pageid=189&pagename=M anual%20of%20Good% 20Practice

New England Biosolids & Residuals Association, 2005.  “Information Update:  Official Usage of the Term

“Biosolids,” February 2000, revised August 2005.

Oleszkiewicz, J.A. and D.S. Mavinic.  2002.  “Wastewater Biosolids:  an Overview of Processing, Treatment, and

Management,” J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 1:75-88.

Public Works Magazine, 2007.  “From Sludge to Fuel, California is the first state to power local industry with wastewater treatment byproducts instead of coal,” August 1, 2007, accesses on September 30, 2008, at:  http://www.pwmag.com/industry-news.asp?sectionID=760&articleID=547650

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics, “Biosolids

Management:  An Environmentally Sound Approach for Managing Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge, Practices in Europe and North America:  Waste Disposal Versus Resource Utilisation,” Newsletter and Technical Publications Freshwater Management Series No. 1, accessed August 21, 2008, at:   HYPERLINK "http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/Freshwater/FMS1/3.asp"  http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/Publications/Freshwater/FMS1/3.asp .

United States Energy Information Administration (EIA).  2007, Annual Coal Report 2006, November 2007.

United States Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2005, Annual Energy Review 2004, August 2005.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2004,  “A Plain English Guide to the USEPA Part 503 Biosolids Rule,” USEPA/832/R-93/003, September 2004.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1998, Development of Comparable Fuels Specifications, May 1998.

Water Environment Federation,㈠〰⸰錠楂獯汯摩⁳畓捣獥⁳瑓牯敩ⱳₔ〲〰 捡散獳摥漠畁畧瑳㈠ⰸ㈠〰ⰸ愠㩴†ግ䠠偙剅䥌䭎 ∠瑨灴⼺眯睷戮潩潳楬獤漮杲搯捯⽳潳牵散振湯整瑮⹳ 摰≦Ġ栔瑴㩰⼯睷⹷楢獯汯摩⹳牯⽧潤獣猯畯捲⽥潣瑮 湥獴瀮晤ക

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Water Environment Federation, “A Guide to Understanding Biosolids Issues,” 2002.

Water Environment Research Foundation, 2008a.  “State of Science Report:  Energy and Resource Recovery from Sludge,” Executive Summary, May 2008, accessed on September 30, 2008, at:  http://www.werf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search_Research_and_Knowledg e_Areas&Template=/CustomSource/Research/ResearchProfile.cfm&ReportId=OWS O3R07&CFID=1651559&CFTOKEN=63512245

Water Environment Research Foundation, 2008b.  “Wastewater Sludge:  A New Resource for Alternative Energy and Resource Recovery,” Factsheet, June 11, 2008, accessed on September 30, 2008, at:    HYPERLINK "http://www.werf.org/am/template.cfm?section=Search_Research_and_Knowled ge_Areas&template=/cm/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7008"  http://www.werf.org/am/template.cfm?section=Search_Research_and_Knowledg e_Areas&template=/cm/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=7008

 To express this value as dollars per MMBtu, we assumed 22,473,000 Btu per short ton of coal (EIA 2005, Table A5).

 PAGE

 PAGE   10

Wastewater Treatment Sludge


[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 226 (Monday, November 27, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 56031-56033]
[FR Doc No: 2017-25456]

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

[Docket No. FDA-2010-N-0161]

Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection;
Comment Request; Export of Food and Drug Administration-Regulated
Products: Export Certificates

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) is announcing
an opportunity for public comment on the proposed collection of certain
information by the Agency. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(PRA), Federal Agencies are required to publish notice in the Federal
Register concerning each proposed collection of information, including
each proposed extension of an existing collection of information, and
to allow 60 days for public comment in response to the notice. This
notice solicits comments on export certificates for the export of FDA-
regulated products.

DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on the collection
of information by January 26, 2018.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments as follows. Please note that late,
untimely filed comments will not be considered. Electronic comments
must be submitted on or before January 26, 2018. The https://www.regulations.gov electronic filing system will accept comments until
midnight Eastern Time at the end of January 26, 2018. Comments received
by mail/hand delivery/courier (for written/paper submissions) will be
considered timely if they are postmarked or the delivery service
acceptance receipt is on or before that date.

Electronic Submissions

    Submit electronic comments in the following way:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Comments submitted
electronically, including attachments, to https://www.regulations.gov
will be posted to the docket unchanged. Because your comment will be
made public, you are solely responsible for ensuring that your comment
does not include any confidential information that you or a third party
may not wish to be posted, such as medical information, your or anyone
else's Social Security number, or confidential business information,
such

as a manufacturing process. Please note that if you include your name,
contact information, or other information that identifies you in the
body of your comments, that information will be posted on https://www.regulations.gov.
     If you want to submit a comment with confidential
information that you do not wish to be made available to the public,
submit the comment as a written/paper submission and in the manner
detailed (see ``Written/Paper Submissions'' and ``Instructions'').

Written/Paper Submissions

    Submit written/paper submissions as follows:
     Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for written/paper
submissions): Dockets Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
     For written/paper comments submitted to the Dockets
Management Staff, FDA will post your comment, as well as any
attachments, except for information submitted, marked and identified,
as confidential, if submitted as detailed in ``Instructions.''
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket No.
FDA-2010-N-0161 for ``Agency Information Collection Activities;
Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Export of Food and Drug
Administration-Regulated Products: Export Certificates.'' Received
comments, those filed in a timely manner (see ADDRESSES), will be
placed in the docket and, except for those submitted as ``Confidential
Submissions,'' publicly viewable at https://www.regulations.gov or at
the Dockets Management Staff between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through
Friday.
     Confidential Submissions--To submit a comment with
confidential information that you do not wish to be made publicly
available, submit your comments only as a written/paper submission. You
should submit two copies total. One copy will include the information
you claim to be confidential with a heading or cover note that states
``THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.'' The Agency will
review this copy, including the claimed confidential information, in
its consideration of comments. The second copy, which will have the
claimed confidential information redacted/blacked out, will be
available for public viewing and posted on https://www.regulations.gov.
Submit both copies to the Division of Dockets Management. If you do not
wish your name and contact information to be made publicly available,
you can provide this information on the cover sheet and not in the body
of your comments and you must identify this information as
``confidential.'' Any information marked as ``confidential'' will not
be disclosed except in accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other
applicable disclosure law. For more information about FDA's posting of
comments to public dockets, see 80 FR 56469, September 18, 2015, or
access the information at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-09-18/pdf/2015-23389.pdf.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
the electronic and written/paper comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov and insert the docket number, found in brackets in
the heading of this document, into the ``Search'' box and follow the
prompts and/or go to the Dockets Management Staff, 5630 Fishers Lane,
Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amber Sanford, Office of Operations,
Food and Drug Administration, Three White Flint North, 10A63, 11601
Landsdown St., North Bethesda, MD 20852,<PHONE_NUMBER>,
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520), Federal
Agencies must obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) for each collection of information they conduct or sponsor.
``Collection of information'' is defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3) and 5 CFR
1320.3(c) and includes Agency requests or requirements that members of
the public submit reports, keep records, or provide information to a
third party. Section 3506(c)(2)(A) of the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A))
requires Federal Agencies to provide a 60-day notice in the Federal
Register concerning each proposed collection of information, including
each proposed extension of an existing collection of information,
before submitting the collection to OMB for approval. To comply with
this requirement, FDA is publishing notice of the proposed collection
of information set forth in this document.
    With respect to the following collection of information, FDA
invites comments on these topics: (1) Whether the proposed collection
of information is necessary for the proper performance of FDA's
functions, including whether the information will have practical
utility; (2) the accuracy of FDA's estimate of the burden of the
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used; (3) ways to enhance the quality,
utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (4) ways
to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents,
including through the use of automated collection techniques, when
appropriate, and other forms of information technology.

Export of Food and Drug Administration-Regulated Products: Export
Certificates

OMB Control Number 0910-0498--Extension

    In April 1996, the FDA Export, Reform, and Enhancement Act of 1996
(FDAERA) (Pub. L. 104-134) amended sections 801(e) and 802 of the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 381(e) and
382). It was designed to ease restrictions on exportation of unapproved
pharmaceuticals, biologics, and devices regulated by FDA. Section
801(e)(4) of the FDAERA provides that persons exporting certain FDA-
regulated products may request FDA to certify that the products meet
the requirements of sections 801(e) and 802 or other requirements of
the FD&C Act. This section of the law requires FDA to issue
certification within 20 days of receipt of the request and to charge
firms up to $175 for the certifications. In January 2011, section
801(e)(4)(A) was amended by the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (Pub.
L. 111-353) to provide authorization for export certification fees for
food and animal feed.
    This section of the FD&C Act authorizes FDA to issue export
certificates for regulated food, animal feed, pharmaceuticals,
biologics, and devices that are legally marketed in the United States,
as well as for these same products that are not legally marketed but
are acceptable to the importing country, as specified in sections
801(e) and 802 of the FD&C Act. FDA has developed various types of
certificates that satisfy the requirements of section 801(e)(4)(B) of
the FD&C Act. Four of those certificates are discussed in this notice:
(1) Certificates to Foreign Governments, (2) Certificates of
Exportability, (3) Certificates of a Pharmaceutical Product, and (4)
Non-Clinical Research Use Only Certificates. FDA has updated the
certificates as part of the proposed collection of information to
account for the amendment authorizing export certification fees for
food and animal feed. Table 1 lists the different certificates and
details their uses:

                     Table 1--Certificates and Uses
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Type of certificate                          Use
------------------------------------------------------------------------
``Supplementary Information Certificate  For the export of products
 to Foreign Government Requests``,        legally marketed in the United
 ``Exporter's Certification Statement     States.
 Certificate to Foreign Government``,
 ``Exporter's Certification Statement
 Certificate to Foreign Government (For
 Human Tissue Intended for
 Transplantation)``.
``Supplementary Information Certificate  For the export of products not
 of Exportability Requests``,             approved for marketing in the
 Exporter's Certification Statement       United States (unapproved
 Certificate of Exportability''.          products) that meet the
                                          requirements of sections
                                          801(e) or 802 of the FD&C Act.
``Supplementary Information Certificate  Conforms to the format
 of a Pharmaceutical Product``,           established by the World
 ``Exporter's Certification Statement     Health Organization and is
 Certificate of a Pharmaceutical          intended for use by the
 Product``.                               importing country when the
                                          product in question is under
                                          consideration for a product
                                          license that will authorize
                                          its importation and sale or
                                          for renewal, extension,
                                          amending, or reviewing a
                                          license.
``Supplementary Information Non-         For the export of a non-
 Clinical Research Use Only               clinical research use only
 Certificate``, ``Exporter's              product, material, or
 Certification Statement (Non-Clinical    component that is not intended
 Research Use Only)``.                    for human use which may be
                                          marketed in, and legally
                                          exported from the United
                                          States under the FD&C Act.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FDA will continue to rely on self-certification by manufacturers
for the first three types of certificates listed in table 1.
Manufacturers are requested to self-certify that they are in compliance
with all applicable requirements of the FD&C Act, not only at the time
that they submit their request to the appropriate center, but also at
the time that they submit the certification to the foreign government.
    The appropriate FDA centers will review product information
submitted by firms in support of their certificate and any suspected
case of fraud will be referred to the appropriate offices.

                                  Table 2--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Number of
           FDA center                Number of     responses per   Total annual   Average burden    Total hours
                                    respondents     respondent       responses     per  response
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Center for Biologics Evaluation            2,651               1           2,651               1           2,651
 and Research...................
Center for Devices and                    11,175               1          11,175               2          22,350
 Radiological Health............
Center for Drug Evaluation and             3,680               1           3,680               1           3,680
 Research.......................
Center for Veterinary Medicine..           1,819               1           1,819               1           1,819
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............          30,500
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of
  information.

    Dated: November 20, 2017.
Leslie Kux,
Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2017-25456 Filed 11-24-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4164-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 201 (Thursday, October 21, 2021)]
[Notices]
[Page 58313]
[FR Doc No: 2021-23108]

=======================================================================
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Sunshine Act Meetings

TIME AND DATE: Notice is hereby given, pursuant to the provisions of
the Government in the Sunshine Act, Public Law 94-409, that the
Securities and Exchange Commission Asset Management Advisory Committee
(``AMAC'') will hold a public meeting on Thursday, October 28, 2021 at
10:00 a.m.

PLACE: The meeting will be conducted by remote means. Members of the
public may watch the webcast of the meeting on the Commission's website
at www.sec.gov.

STATUS: The meeting will begin at 10:00 a.m. and will be open to the
public by webcast on the Commission's website at www.sec.gov.

MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: On October 19, 2021, the Commission issued
notice of the meeting (Release No. 34-93380), indicating that the
meeting is open to the public and inviting the public to submit written
comments to AMAC. This Sunshine Act notice is being issued because a
majority of the Commission may attend the meeting.
    The meeting will include a discussion of matters in the asset
management industry relating to the Evolution of Advice and the Small
Advisers and Small Funds Subcommittees, including panel discussions and
potential recommendations.

CONTACT PERSON FOR MORE INFORMATION: For further information, please
contact Vanessa A. Countryman from the Office of the Secretary at (202)
551-5400.
    Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552b.

    Dated: October 19, 2021.
Vanessa A. Countryman,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2021-23108 Filed 10-19-21; 4:15 pm]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P