[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 243 (Monday, December 19, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 91822-91839]
[FR Doc No: 2016-30194]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 35

[EPA-HQ-OW-2016-0569; FRL-9953-24-OW]
RIN 2040-AF63

Credit Assistance for Water Infrastructure Projects

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Interim final rule; request for comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is issuing an
interim final rule to implement a new program authorized under Subtitle
C of the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014 (WRRDA),
which is referred to as the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act of 2014 (WIFIA). WIFIA authorizes EPA to provide secured (direct)
loans and loan guarantees to eligible water infrastructure projects.
Projects will be evaluated and selected by the Administrator of the EPA
based on criteria set out in this rule using weightings established in
a separate Notice of Funding Availability (NOFA). Following project
selection, individual credit agreements will be developed through
negotiations between the project sponsors and EPA. EPA is soliciting
comments on an interim final rule that establishes the guidelines for
the new credit assistance program for water and infrastructure projects
and the process by which EPA will administer such credit assistance.
The interim final rule primarily restates and clarifies statutory
language while establishing approaches to specific procedural issues
left to EPA's discretion. This interim final rule pertains to a matter
involving a federal loan and loan guarantee program and is therefore
exempt from the rulemaking requirements of the Administrative Procedure
Act. As such, EPA is issuing this rule as interim final.

DATES: Effective December 19, 2016. Comments must be received on or
before February 17, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2016-0569, at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot
be edited or withdrawn. The EPA may publish any comment received to its
public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you
consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written
comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and
should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of
the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing
system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment
policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general
guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa.dockets.

FOR FUTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jordan Dorfman, Water Infrastructure
Division, Office of Wastewater Management, Mail Code 4201C,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,
Washington, DC, 20460; telephone number:<PHONE_NUMBER>; email address:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background
II. Water Infrastructure Needs and Current Sources of Financing
III. Program Information
    A. Funding
    B. Applicant Eligibility
    C. Project Eligibility
    D. Threshold Criteria Required by Statute
    E. Application Process
    F. Creditworthiness
    G. Coordination with SRF Programs
    H. Fees
    I. Credit Assistance
    J. Small Community Set-aside
    K. Rating Requirement
    L. Tax Status of Loan Guarantees
    M. Federal Requirements
    N. American Iron and Steel
    O. Labor Standards
    P. Reporting
    Q. Selection Criteria
IV. Priorities
    A. Adaptation to Extreme Weather and Climate Change Including
Enhanced Infrastructure Resiliency, Water Recycling and Reuse, and
Managed Aquifer Recovery
    B. Enhanced Energy Efficiency of Treatment Works, Public Water
Systems, and Conveyance Systems Including Innovative, Energy
Efficient Nutrient Treatment
    C. Green Infrastructure
    D. Repair, Rehabilitation, and Replacement of Infrastructure and
Conveyance Systems
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review &
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    B. Executive Orders 11988 and 13690 and the Federal Flood Risk
Management Standard
    C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    D. Regulatory Flexibility Act
    E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With
Indian Tribal Governments
    H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From
Environmental Health & Safety Risks
    I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
    K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income
Populations
    L. National Environmental Policy Act
    M. Congressional Review Act

I. Background

    Congress enacted the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation
Act of 2014 (WIFIA) as part of the Water Resources Reform and
Development Act of 2014, as amended by sec. 1445 of Public Law 114-94
\1\ and codified at 33 U.S.C. 3901-3914. WIFIA establishes a new
federal credit program for water infrastructure projects to be
administered by EPA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Section 1445 of Public Law 114-94 amends WIFIA by deleting
33 U.S.C. 3907(a)(5) which prohibited EPA from providing credit
assistance to a project financed (directly or indirectly) by the
proceeds of a tax-exempt obligation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Congress authorized EPA to provide federal credit assistance
through WIFIA in the form of loans or loan guarantees to eligible
entities: Corporations; partnerships; joint ventures; trusts; Federal,
State, or local governmental entities, agencies, or instrumentalities;
tribal governments or consortiums of tribal governments; or State
infrastructure finance authorities.
    WIFIA authorizes EPA to provide assistance for a wide variety of
projects.

Eligible projects, as defined in 33 U.S.C. 3905, include: \2\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Projects described by 33 U.S.C. 3905(1) are not eligible for
purposes of the WIFIA program as operated by EPA. Section 3902(b)(2)
specifies that EPA can provide WIFIA assistance to all eligible
projects categories except for (1). The Army Corps of Engineers is
responsible for establishing a WIFIA program that provides
assistance to such projects.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Projects eligible under the Clean Water and Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund Programs (SRFs);
     Projects for enhanced energy efficiency in the operation
of a public water system or a publicly owned treatment works;
     Projects for repair, rehabilitation, or replacement of a
treatment works, community water system, or aging water distribution or
waste collection facility (including a facility that serves a
population or community of an Indian reservation);
     Brackish or sea water desalination projects;
     Managed aquifer recharge or water recycling projects;
     Acquisition of real property or an interest in real
property if the acquisition is integral to an already eligible project
or pursuant to an existing plan that, in the judgment of the
Administrator, would mitigate the environmental impacts of water
resources infrastructure projects otherwise eligible for assistance;
and
     A combinations of projects submitted to EPA by an SRF
program under a single application; and
     A combination of projects secured by a common security
pledge for which there is a single application.
    Sections 3902, 3905, and 3907 of title 33, U.S.C., describe the
conditions that govern a project's eligibility under WIFIA. Generally,
projects must have eligible costs of not less than $20 million.
However, for projects eligible for assistance under categories (1) or
(2) below (i.e., SRF eligible projects), that serve a community of not
more than 25,000 individuals, eligible project costs must be no less
than $5 million. The types of projects eligible for assistance are
listed in 33 U.S.C. 3905 and are also summarized below in 40 CFR
35.10005(m).

II. Water Infrastructure Needs and Current Sources of Financing

    In the United States, localities are primarily responsible for
providing water infrastructure services and funding these services
through user fees. Today, some communities face formidable challenges
in providing adequate and reliable water infrastructure services.
Existing water infrastructure in some of these communities is aging,
and investment is not always keeping up with the needs. As described in
greater detail below, EPA estimates the national funding need for
capital improvements for such facilities totals approximately $660
billion over the next 20 years.\3\ In many cases, meeting these needs
will require significant increases in capital investment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ EPA. ``Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2012: Report to
Congress,'' 2012, and ``Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey:
Fifth Report to Congress,'' 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Water infrastructure capital projects are typically funded with
pay-as-you-go or debt financed through the municipal bond market. The
U.S. Conference of Mayors estimates that in 2008, local governments
invested $93 billion in their water systems, of which 40% went to
capital investments, with the remainder for operations and
maintenance.\4\ In 2014, municipal bond issuance for water and sewer
projects totaled $31.9 billion according to the Securities Industry and
Financial Markets Association (SIFMA). Total municipal bond issuance in
2014 was $314.9 billion, of which $282.8 billion was tax-exempt.\5\
From 2003 through 2012, tax-exempt financing for water and sewer
facilities totaled $258 billion.\6\ While a summary of bond ratings for
water and sewer debt is not available, a 2014 analysis of outstanding
municipal market debt shows that 19 percent of issues were rated BBB or
below, or were unrated.\7\ As such, the potential market for lower-
rated investment-grade municipal borrowers, which could benefit most
from WIFIA, is significant.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ U.S. Conference of Mayors--Mayors Water Council. ``Trends in
Local Government Expenditures on Public Water and Wastewater
Services and Infrastructure: Past, Present and Future.'' February
2010. http://www.usmayors.org/publications/201002-mwc-trends.pdf.
    \5\ SIFMA. ``Research Report--Municipal Bond Credit Report:
Fourth Quarter 2014''.
    \6\ http://www.naco.org/sites/default/files/documents/Protecting-Bonds-to-Save-Infrastructure-and-Jobs-2013.pdf.
    \7\ SIFMA. ``Research Report--Municipal Bond Credit Report:
Fourth Quarter 2014''.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After pay-as-you-go and bonds, the next largest source of water
infrastructure financing are the Clean Water State Revolving Fund
(CWSRF) and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) programs. The
SRFs are state-operated finance programs that receive capitalization
grants from EPA. These capitalization grants, combined with required
state match and loan repayments with interest, allow the SRFs to
provide a far greater amount of assistance annually than the amount
appropriated for the programs. The SRFs provided $7.9 billion in
assistance to projects across the country in 2015.\8\ In addition,
communities also received water infrastructure funding through at least
two other federal agencies in 2015. The Department of Housing and Urban
Development authorized $333.4 million in block grants to communities
for water infrastructure projects, and the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA) approved $1.5 billion in grants and loans for small
communities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ July 1, 2014-June 30, 2015. EPA SRF National Information
Management Systems.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA's 2012 Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS) \9\ estimated that
the total capital wastewater and stormwater treatment and collection
needs for the nation are $271 billion as of January 2012. The CWNS does
not represent all needs for the 20-year period from January 2012
through December 2031. Because states often do not have documentation
that demonstrates needs that far into the future, nearly all needs
included in the CWNS are for projects that will be completed within 5
years (i.e., 2012-2017) and are documented in capital improvement plans
and other short term planning documents. Needs without existing
independent documentation are not included in the CWNS. In addition,
the CWNS does not include information about privately owned wastewater
facilities, projects on tribal lands, and operations and maintenance
needs. Stormwater management needs are also underestimated due to not
all states reporting in this category. For these reasons, actual 20
year needs are likely to be significantly higher.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ EPA. ``Clean Watersheds Needs Survey 2012: Report to
Congress.'' 2012.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA's 2011 Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey (DWINS) \10\
estimates a total capital drinking water infrastructure need of $384.2
billion for the 20-year period from January 2011 through December 2030.
This estimate includes needs for American Indian and Alaska Native
Village systems. Like the CWNS, this figure does not represent all of
the needs. The scope of the survey is limited to those needs eligible
to receive DWSRF assistance--thus excluding some capital projects,
including projects related primarily to future population growth.
Moreover, needs for which no independent documentation exists are
represented in the DWINS by default values which are conservative. The
DWINS does not include operations and maintenance needs.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ EPA. ``Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey: Fifth
Report to Congress.'' 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Other studies report significantly larger estimates of needs. For
example, the American Society of Civil Engineers estimates
approximately 240,000 water

main breaks annually.\11\ The American Water Works Association
estimates that $1 trillion is needed to restore existing distribution
system pipe at the end of its useful life and to expand pipe networks
to meet growing population needs between 2011 and 2035.\12\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ American Society of Civil Engineers. ``2013 Report Card for
America's Infrastructure.'' 2013.
    \12\ American Water Works Association. ``Buried No Longer:
Confronting America's Water Infrastructure Challenge.'' http://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/files/legreg/documents/BuriedNoLonger.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Administration has pointed to an increased need for
infrastructure financing through its Build America Initiative. In its
initial report, the Department of Treasury noted that ``increasing
fiscal pressures at all levels of government have led to reduced
commitments for infrastructure and a greater reliance on debt
financing, which, in turn, has contributed to increased debt ratios and
reduced debt service coverage levels for certain issuers. At the same
time, stagnant economic growth and absence of support for new or
increased user fees have curtailed increased debt capacity among many
issuers.'' \13\ The Build America Initiative aims to make
infrastructure financing more affordable and to encourage innovative
financing and public-private partnerships.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ U.S. Department of the Treasury Office of Economic Policy.
``Expanding our Nation's Infrastructure through Innovative
Financing.'' September 2014.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As suggested by the estimated size of national water infrastructure
needs, currently available funding sources are not sufficient. SRF
programs under the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act are
designed to primarily provide a benefit to smaller projects, typically
under $100 million, in communities that often have limited access to
funding. There is a large segment of need associated with projects that
the SRFs cannot fund due to project size or ownership. The average
CWSRF wastewater treatment project is $3.5 million, while the average
DWSRF project is $2.4 million. According to the most recent data,
states issued only 180 CWSRF loans over $50 million, and 35 of those
were over $100 million, out of over 14,000 loans issued since 2004.
Since 2009, states issued only 20 DWSRF loans over $50 million, and ten
of those were over $100 million, out of over 6,700 loans.\14\ Private
wastewater treatment facilities are not eligible for most CWSRF
financing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ Collection of project specific data began in 2004 for the
CWSRF program and 2009 for the DWSRF program.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Bond-financing requires strong debt service coverage to benefit
from low interest rates and long tenors. In addition, private entities
generally cannot access the tax-exempt bond market. Finally, grant
funding and USDA loans are targeted at specific underserved sectors and
are generally less applicable to large projects.
    Similar to large-scale transportation projects, the financing of
large water infrastructure projects can be addressed through the use of
several financing tools and techniques that, when combined, can result
in a highly efficient capital structure that minimizes the financial
impact on system users. WIFIA will assist in delivering on these needs
in the water sector. It is in a position to promote the use of public-
private partnerships in this area by reducing the cost of private
participation. At the same time, WIFIA will have limited impact on the
municipal bond market. Total municipal bond issuance was $314.9 billion
in 2014, of which water infrastructure accounted for 10%. Even if WIFIA
is able to provide $1 billion annual assistance, it will account for
approximately 3% of the market for water infrastructure bonds such that
the program is not expected to impact the municipal bond market.

III. Program Information

A. Funding

    The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (FCRA) requires agencies to
estimate the long-term cost of providing a direct loan or loan
guarantee on a present value basis, and requires that an agency have
the necessary budget authority appropriated to the agency before
entering into an obligation for a loan or loan guarantee. Section
3912(a) of WIFIA authorizes annual amounts to be appropriated for the
cost of loans or loan guarantees in FY2015 through FY2019. However, to
date no annual appropriations have been provided for the cost of loans
or loan guarantees under WIFIA. EPA will not know the amount of budget
authority that will be available until it is appropriated.

B. Applicant Eligibility

    Section 3904 of title 33, U.S.C., defines entities that are
eligible for WIFIA assistance. To be eligible, an applicant must be one
of the following:
    1. A corporation;
    2. A partnership;
    3. A joint venture;
    4. A trust;
    5. A federal, state, or local governmental entity, agency, or
instrumentality;
    6. A tribal government or consortium of tribal governments; or
    7. A state infrastructure financing authority.

C. Project Eligibility

    Section 3905 of title 33, U.S.C., defines projects eligible for
assistance. To be eligible, a project must fall under one of the
following categories:
    1. One or more activities that are eligible for assistance under
section 603(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C.
1383(c)), notwithstanding the public ownership requirement under
paragraph (1) of that subsection.
    2. One or more activities described in section 1452(a)(2) of the
Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(a)(2)).
    3. A project for enhanced energy efficiency in the operation of a
public water system or a publicly owned treatment works.
    4. A project for repair, rehabilitation, or replacement of a
treatment works, community water system, or aging water distribution or
waste collection facility (including a facility that serves a
population or community of an Indian reservation).
    5. A brackish or sea water desalination project, a managed aquifer
recharge project, or a water recycling project.
    6. Acquisition of real property or an interest in real property--
    a. If the acquisition is integral to a project described in
paragraphs (1) through (5); or
    b. Pursuant to an existing plan that, in the judgment of the
Administrator, would mitigate the environmental impacts of water
resources infrastructure projects otherwise eligible for assistance
under this section.
    7. A combination of projects, each of which is eligible under
paragraph (1) or (2), for which a State infrastructure financing
authority submits to the Administrator a single application.
    8. A combination of projects secured by a common security pledge,
each of which is eligible under paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), or
(6), for which an eligible entity, or a combination of eligible
entities, submits a single application.

D. Threshold Criteria Required by Statute

    The WIFIA statute contains the following requirements, as
paraphrased below, that do not require interpretation and are restated
in the rule without further explanation:
     Public or private applicants for credit assistance will be
required to submit applications to EPA in order to be considered for
approval.
     Project financing shall be repayable, in whole or in part,
from State or local

taxes, user fees, or other dedicated revenue sources that also secure
the senior project obligations of the project; shall include a rate
covenant, coverage requirement, or similar security feature supporting
the project obligations; and may have a lien on revenues subject to any
lien securing project obligations;
     In the case of a project that is undertaken by an entity
that is not a State or local government or an agency or instrumentality
of a State or local government, or a tribal government or consortium of
tribal governments, the project that the entity is undertaking must be
publicly sponsored. Public sponsorship means that the recipient can
demonstrate, to the satisfaction of the Administrator, that it has
consulted with the affected state, local, or tribal government in which
the project is located, or is otherwise affected by the project, and
that such government supports the proposed project. Support can be
shown by a certified letter signed by the approving municipal
department or similar agency, mayor or other similar designated
authority, local ordinance, or any other means by which local
government approval can be evidenced.
     To be eligible for financing, a prospective borrower must
have developed an operations and maintenance plan that identifies
adequate revenues to operate, maintain, and repair the project during
its useful life.
    Further detail will be available in a program handbook that will be
posted on the WIFIA program public Web site.

E. Application Process

    For each fiscal year for which credit assistance is made available
by Congress, EPA will publish a NOFA in the Federal Register to solicit
letters of interest for credit assistance. EPA will also publish the
NOFA on the WIFIA program Web site, at www.epa.gov/wifia. The notice
will provide detailed instructions for submitting letters of interest
and applications, as well as the respective due dates for submissions.
It will advise prospective borrowers of the estimated amount of funding
available to support WIFIA credit instruments and information required
in a letter of interest and application.
    The application process has two steps. The first step requires the
submission of a letter of interest prior to the deadline set out in the
NOFA. Then, projects selected by EPA to continue in the application
process will be invited to submit an application. EPA will only select
those projects that it expects might reasonably proceed to closing.
    The Letter of Interest has four primary purposes: (i) Validate the
eligibility of the prospective borrower and the proposed project, (ii)
perform a preliminary creditworthiness assessment, (iii) perform a
preliminary engineering feasibility assessment, and (iv) evaluate the
project against the selection criteria and identify which projects EPA
will invite to submit applications. The Letter of Interest addresses
the WIFIA eligibility criteria, WIFIA selection criteria, and
identifies other specific information that must be provided to EPA to
be considered for credit assistance. This serves to familiarize EPA
with basic information relating to the project and the prospective
borrower.
    The Letter of Interest will require items such as:
    1. Prospective Borrower Information: The Letter of Interest should
describe the proposed obligor's organizational structure, identify the
entity that will serve as the applicant, list other significant members
of the project team, describe the proposed obligor's relationship to
subsidiaries or affiliates, if any, and provide a Web site link where
additional information can be found.
    2. Project Plan: The Letter of Interest should describe the
project, including its location, population served, purpose, design
features, estimated capital cost, and development schedule. The
prospective borrower will also describe how the project fits into one
of the eight project types eligible for assistance under WIFIA. The
Letter of Interest also requests inclusion of any other relevant
information that could affect the development of the project, such as
community support, pending legislation, or litigation. The Project Plan
section will also serve to summarize the status of the project's
environmental review, engineering report, and other approvals necessary
to the project.
    3. Project Operations and Maintenance Plan: The Letter of Interest
should describe the project's plan for operating, maintaining, and
repairing the project post-completion, and discuss sources of revenue
used to finance these activities.
    4. Financing Plan: The Letter of Interest should include the
proposed sources and uses of funds for the project and state the type
and amount of credit assistance to be sought from EPA. The discussion
of proposed financing should also identify the source(s) of revenue or
other security that would be pledged to the WIFIA assistance.
Additionally, this section should describe the credit characteristics
of the project and how the senior obligations of the project will
achieve an investment-grade rating. The Letter of Interest should also
include a summary financial pro forma and up to three years' audited
financial statements, if available.
    5. Selection Criteria: The Letter of Interest should describe the
potential benefits to be achieved through the use of WIFIA assistance
with respect to each of the WIFIA selection criteria.
    6. Contact Information: The Letter of Interest should identify the
point of contact with whom EPA should communicate regarding the Letter
of Interest. For the purpose of completing its evaluation, EPA staff
may contact a prospective borrower regarding specific information in
the Letter of Interest.
    7. Certifications: The prospective borrower will certify that it
will abide by all applicable laws and regulations.
    8. Notification of State Infrastructure Financing Authority: The
interested party will acknowledge that EPA will notify the appropriate
State infrastructure financing authority in the State in which the
project is located that the prospective borrower submitted this this
letter of interest; and provide the submitted letter of interest and
source documents with it to that State infrastructure financing
authority.
    Selected interested parties will be invited to submit an
application to EPA. The purpose of the application is to provide EPA
with materials necessary to underwrite the proposed WIFIA assistance.
The application will require items such as:
    1. Detailed Applicant Information: The applicant will submit
information identifying and describing the applying organization,
including the applicant's organizational structure, and the applicant's
legal authority to apply for WIFIA credit assistance and undertake the
project. The applicant will also have to demonstrate its ability to
execute the project through past experiences and qualifications of its
personnel.
    2. Detailed Project Information: Materials submitted under this
section will detail the applicant's plan for project construction,
projected over several years, to include a description of the facility
to be built, including design features, and the intended purpose. The
applicant will also submit a project management and compliance
monitoring plan, including the project construction timeline, and an
assessment of the costs expected at each point in the timeline. The
applicant will also submit an analysis of the risks that may be
encountered during construction, and steps that will be undertaken to
minimize those risks. The

applicant will also submit draft or final bid documents.
    3. Detailed Operations and Maintenance Plan: In this section, the
applicant will submit materials supporting the applicant's plan to
operate the project after construction. This plan should include an
operation and maintenance plan for the tenor of the WIFIA assistance,
including an estimate of the associated costs. The applicant should
also submit materials describing contractual arrangements that the
applicant has already made, or plans to make.
    4. Comprehensive Financing Plan: The applicant will need to submit
a comprehensive plan describing how the project will be financed, and
how financing will be repaid over the tenor of the requested WIFIA
assistance. This will include a detailed financial model, the sources
and seniority of other financing, a description of the dedicated
sources of repayment, rate covenants, and security for the proposed
credit assistance. The applicant will also submit a preliminary rating
letter indicating the possibility of the project's senior obligations
obtaining an investment-grade rating from a NRSRO.
    5. Final Certifications: The applicant will certify that it will
abide by all applicable laws and regulations.
    This two-step process limits the time, cost and effort required by
prospective borrowers prior to having a reasonable expectation of
potential WIFIA funding. EPA plans to develop detailed application
information contained in a program handbook and will post it on the
WIFIA program public Web site at the time of solicitation for letters
of interest. EPA welcomes comment on this application process.

F. Creditworthiness

    By statute, at 33 U.S.C. 3907(a)(1), the Administrator must
determine that every funded project is creditworthy. Therefore, an
overarching goal of the creditworthiness determination process is to
ensure that each project that is ultimately offered credit assistance
advances the WIFIA Program's mission while providing a level of risk
exposure that is suitable to EPA. To that end, the WIFIA Program will
evaluate applications for financial assistance based on prudent lending
practices for the long-term holding of an illiquid asset. The
creditworthiness determination will be based on a review of the
following:
     Terms, conditions, financial structure, and security
features of the proposed financing;
     Dedicated revenue source(s) securing the financing;
     Financial assumptions surrounding the proposed project;
     Financial soundness and credit history and outlook of the
borrower; and
     Technical merits and engineering risks of the proposed
financing.
    Further information will be available in the WIFIA program
handbook.

G. Coordination With SRF Programs

    In order to promote coordination between the SRF programs and the
WIFIA program, the statute includes procedures on the use of existing
funding mechanisms. The statutory procedure requires notification by
EPA to the relevant state SRF program of the receipt of applications
for SRF-eligible projects. Such notification must occur within 30 days
of the receipt of an application submitted to the WIFIA program office.
Under the statute, the notified SRF program has 60 days to formally
declare an intent to fund the project in the program's intended use
plan, in place of EPA in an amount equal to or greater than the amount
requested in the WIFIA application. If such a declaration is made, EPA
may not provide assistance to the project under WIFIA unless the SRF
program fails to provide assistance within 180 days from the date of
notification or the terms are less favorable than those offered by the
WIFIA program.
    Those administering SRF programs have expressed concern that the
amount of time within which they must receive and review SRF
applications and make funding decisions regarding these applications is
too short. EPA will therefore provide notice to SRF programs within 30
days of the receipt of a letter of interest. Such notice will include
the letter of interest and supporting documentation provided by the
prospective borrower. The letter of interest includes a notice to
interested parties explaining the notification procedure and allows the
prospective borrower to request that EPA not share the letter of
interest with the SRF program, though the SRF program will still be
notified of the submission, as required by statute. Providing initial
notification within 30 days of the of the receipt of a letter of
interest, as opposed to the application, will provide additional time
for SRF programs to communicate with the prospective borrower, for the
prospective borrower to apply to the SRF program, for funding decisions
to be made, and for a formal declaration of the intent to fund the
project with a SRF loan to be made.
    EPA welcomes comment on providing notification to SRF programs at
an earlier time than required by the statute. Though not addressed
through this implementation rule, EPA also welcomes suggestions on the
content of the notification to SRF programs.

H. Fees

    Sections 3908(b)(7), 3909(b), and 3909(c)(3) of 33 U.S.C., allow
EPA to collect user fees from applicants to defray some or all of the
costs associated with administering the program. A separate proposed
rule governing applicant fees can be found in the docket for the rule
at EPA-HQ-OW-2016-0568. While each rule has a separate process for
comments, EPA is aware that the similar timelines for comment and the
relationship between the two rules may cause confusion. Therefore, in
the event that comments are received for this rule under the heading of
the fee rule, or vice versa, EPA will consider all comments and respond
accordingly. EPA will not be able to collect user fees until the user
fee rule is finalized.

I. Credit Assistance

    Two types of credit instruments are permitted under WIFIA: Secured
(direct) loans and loan guarantees. General rules concerning the terms
governing these credit instruments appear at 33 U.S.C. 3908 and 3909.
More specific terms will be determined on a project-specific basis
during negotiations between EPA and successful applicants.
    In general, WIFIA limits the amount of credit assistance that may
be provided to a project to not more than 49% of reasonably anticipated
eligible project costs. However, the statute authorizes EPA to use up
to 25% of its budget authority appropriated through Fiscal Year 2019 to
provide credit assistance to one or more projects of up to no more than
80% (statutory cap on federal participation) of the total costs of any
given project. EPA will use its budget authority to provide credit
assistance greater than 49% of eligible project costs (i.e., up to 80%
of the total project costs) only in extraordinarily exceptional
circumstances, such as where a project would be unable to proceed to
closing absent such additional assistance due to unforeseen events.
Unforeseen events that could prevent a project from going to closure
may include, but are not limited to: Unexpected cost revisions,
unexpected loss of other sources of financing, increased cost of
capital, or acts of nature. In such an event, EPA will reexamine the
creditworthiness of the project and only provide funding if the project
can still meet all requirements of the program. Such a limitation is
necessary because the amount of budget

authority that may be used for such purposes is limited and the use of
such authority reduces the agency's ability to support other projects.
EPA will not entertain requests for use of this authority in a letter
of interest or application.
    Costs incurred prior to a project sponsor's submission of an
application for credit assistance may be considered in calculating
eligible project costs only upon approval by EPA. Prospective borrowers
may not include application charges or any other expenses associated
with the application process (such as charges associated with obtaining
the required preliminary rating opinion letter, as discussed below) in
the total project cost, as these expenses are not eligible activities
per 33 U.S.C. 3906. No costs financed internally or with interim
funding may be refinanced later than 1 year following substantial
completion of the project.
    EPA will not obligate funds for a project that has not received an
environmental Categorical Exclusion, Finding of No Significant Impact,
or Record of Decision under the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA).
    For planning purposes, and as is standard in construction loan
agreements, the credit agreement will include the anticipated schedule
for loan disbursements. However, actual disbursements will be based on
costs incurred in accordance with the approved construction plan, as
evidenced by paid invoices. This requirement protects EPA in the event
of non-performance and is typical of most federal loans and grants.
    As required by statute, the interest rate on a secured loan will be
equal to or greater than the yield on U.S. Treasury securities of
comparable maturity on the date of execution of the credit agreement.
The base interest rate can be identified through use of the daily rate
tables published by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service for the State and
Local Government Series (SLGS) investments. The WIFIA program will
estimate the yield on comparable Treasury securities by adding one
basis point to the SLGS daily rate with a maturity that is closest to
the weighted average loan life of the WIFIA credit assistance, measured
from first disbursement.
    As allowed by statute at 33 U.S.C. 3908(c)(2), scheduled loan
repayments of principal or interest on a secured loan will commence not
later than 5 years after the date of substantial completion of the
project. However, scheduled loan repayments of principal or interest on
a secured loan to a State infrastructure financing authority will
commence not later than 5 years after the date on which amounts are
first disbursed.
    As required by statute, the final maturity date of a secured loan
will be the earlier of the date that is 35 years after the date of
substantial completion of the project, or if the useful life of the
project is less than 35 years, the useful life the project. However,
the final maturity date of a secured loan to a State infrastructure
financing authority will be not later than 35 years after the date on
which amounts are first disbursed. In determining the useful life of
the project, for the purposes of establishing the final maturity date
of the WIFIA credit instrument, the Administrator will consider the
useful economic life of the asset(s) being financed, as required under
OMB Circular A-129.
    As required by statute, EPA's Federal credit instrument may have a
junior claim to other debt issued for the project in terms of its
priority interest in the project's pledged security. However, EPA's
claim on assets will not be subordinated to the claims of other
creditors in the event of a default leading to bankruptcy, insolvency,
or liquidation of the obligor. The EPA's interest may include
collateral other than pledged revenues. EPA welcomes comment on its
restricted use of the authority to provide credit assistance greater
than 49% of eligible project costs and policy on reimbursing project
costs financed internally or through interim funding.

J. Small Community Set-Aside

    Each fiscal year for which budget authority is made available by
Congress, as required by statute, EPA will set aside at least 15% of
its appropriated budget authority for projects that serve communities
of no more than 25,000 individuals. The statute requires that set-aside
budget authority be obligated to small communities prior to the first
day of June each year, after which the budget authority will be made
available to all other projects. Small communities are eligible for
financing regardless of the set-aside.

K. Rating Requirement

    EPA, as required by statute at 33 U.S.C. 3907(a)(1)(D)(i), will
require each applicant to furnish a preliminary rating opinion letter
as part of the application process. This is required with the
submission of the application, not the letter of interest. The
applicant is responsible for identifying and approaching one or more
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (NRSROs) to
obtain such letter. This letter must indicate that the applicant
project's senior obligations have the potential of attaining an
investment-grade rating and opine on the default risk of the WIFIA
credit instrument. This letter will allow EPA to evaluate the
application and execute a term sheet upon which funds are obligated.
The disbursement of any funds will be contingent upon the execution of
a formal credit agreement between EPA and the project sponsor and the
receipt of two formal investment-grade ratings on the project's senior
obligations. These ratings must apply to all project obligations with
claims senior to that of the Federal credit instrument on the security
pledged to the Federal credit instrument. In addition, the ratings must
specifically refer to the default risk of the WIFIA instrument itself.
If the Federal credit instrument is the project's senior obligation,
these ratings must apply to the Federal credit instrument as well as
all project obligations with claims at parity to that of the Federal
credit instrument on the security pledged to the Federal credit
instrument.
    EPA will require the credit rating to mention the default risk of
the WIFIA loan. Given the WIFIA statutory mandate that the Federal
interest will not be subordinated in the event of bankruptcy,
insolvency, or liquidation of the project, EPA understands that this
analysis would already be imbedded in the rating agency review of the
senior debt obligations. Therefore, adding the requirement that the
credit rating mentions the default risk of the WIFIA loan primarily
serves to clarify EPA's expectations that the rating letters should
specifically reference the WIFIA credit as well as the project's senior
obligations.

L. Tax Status of Loan Guarantees

    Section 103(a) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC), 26 U.S.C.
103(a), provides that ``gross income'' does not include interest on any
state or local bond, with certain exceptions. Section 149(b) of the
IRC, 26 U.S.C. 149(b), however, provides that the section 103(a)
exclusion from gross income ``shall not apply to a state or local bond
if such bond is federally guaranteed.'' Section 149(b) in effect
converts tax exempt debt to taxable debt when such debt is guaranteed
by the Federal government. WIFIA did not amend the provisions in
section 149(b) of the Internal Revenue Code that prohibit the use of
direct or indirect Federal guarantees of tax-exempt obligations.
Accordingly, the interest income on any project loan that is directly
or indirectly federally

guaranteed under WIFIA is not exempt from Federal income taxation.

M. Federal Requirements

    Recipients of WIFIA credit assistance must comply with Federal
requirements applicable to all Federally-funded projects. The rule
provides a non-exhaustive list of these requirements in Supplementary
Information Section V.

N. American Iron and Steel

    Recipients of WIFIA credit assistance must comply, by statute at 33
U.S.C. 3914, with American Iron and Steel (AIS) requirements, which
requires that if any WIFIA assistance is provided to a project for
construction, alteration, maintenance, or repair, all of the iron and
steel products used in the project must be produced in the United
States. The language in the statute is identical to AIS language
applicable to the SRF programs. This requirement applies to all iron
and steel products, not only those paid for with proceeds from the
WIFIA assistance agreement. A waiver may be issued for a case or
category of cases where EPA finds (1) that applying these requirements
would be inconsistent with the public interest; (2) iron and steel
products are not produced in the U.S. in sufficient and reasonably
available quantities and of a satisfactory quality; or (3) inclusion of
iron and steel products produced in the U.S. will increase the cost of
the overall project by more than 25%.
    The WIFIA program is adopting all AIS guidance applicable to the
SRF programs. Due to the identical nature of the statutory language for
each program, as well as the need for consistency between two
infrastructure programs administered by EPA, this requirement should be
applied to both programs in the same manner. Additionally, the WIFIA
program will adopt all relevant national waivers issued by EPA's SRF
programs. These waivers allow recipients to purchase certain products
from non-American sources. The rationale for these waivers applies
equally to both programs. AIS guidance and waivers can be found on
EPA's Web site. EPA welcomes comment on the implementation of AIS
requirements.

O. Labor Standards

    The statute, at 33 U.S.C. 3909(e), requires recipients of WIFIA
credit assistance to pay all laborers and mechanics employed by
contractors or subcontractors wages at rates not less than those
prevailing for the same type of work on similar construction in the
immediate locality, as determined by the Secretary of Labor. This is
commonly referred to as Davis-Bacon wage requirements. This requirement
applies to all laborers and mechanics working on a project, not only
those paid from proceeds of the WIFIA assistance agreement. Further
guidance will be made available on EPA's WIFIA Web site.

P. Reporting

    EPA requires, at a minimum, any recipient of WIFIA credit
assistance to submit an annual project performance report and audited
financial statements to EPA within 180 days following the recipient's
fiscal year-end for each year during which the recipient's obligation
to the Federal Government remains in effect. EPA may conduct periodic
financial and compliance audits of the recipient, as determined
necessary by EPA. The specific credit agreement between the recipient
of credit assistance and EPA may contain additional reporting
requirements. This is a necessary and important requirement in order to
allow EPA to provide proper and sufficient oversight of federally-
funded projects and conforms to the requirements of other federal
programs. EPA welcomes comment on this requirement.

Q. Selection Criteria

    Section 3907(b)(2) of the statute establishes 11 criteria for
selecting among eligible projects to receive credit assistance, but
allows EPA to identify additional selection criteria. EPA is proposing
the following thirteen selection criteria. Eleven are criteria
prescribed by the statute (as paraphrased below), and EPA further
proposes to supplement certain of those criteria. EPA added criteria
(12) and (13) below:
    1. The extent to which the project is nationally or regionally
significant, with respect to the generation of economic and public
health benefits;
    2. The likelihood that assistance under this subtitle would enable
the project to proceed at an earlier date than the project would
otherwise be able to proceed;
    3. The extent to which the project uses new or innovative
approaches such as the use of energy efficient parts and systems, or
the use of renewable or alternate sources of energy; green
infrastructure \15\; and the development of alternate sources of
drinking water through aquifer recharge, water recycling or
desalination;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Green infrastructure includes a wide array of practices at
multiple scales that manage wet weather and that maintains and
restores natural hydrology by infiltrating, evapotranspiring and
harvesting and using stormwater. On a regional scale, green
infrastructure is the preservation and restoration of natural
landscape features, such as forests, floodplains and wetlands,
coupled with policies such as infill and redevelopment that reduce
overall imperviousness in a watershed. On the local scale, green
infrastructure consists of site- and neighborhood-specific
practices, such as bioretention, trees, green roofs, permeable
pavements and cisterns.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    4. The extent to which the project protects against extreme weather
events, such as floods or hurricanes, as well as the impacts of climate
change;
    5. The extent to which the project helps maintain or protect the
environment or public health;
    6. The extent to which a project serves regions with significant
energy exploration, development, or production areas;
    7. The extent to which a project serves regions with significant
water resource challenges, including the need to address water quality
concerns in areas of regional, national, or international significance;
water quantity concerns related to groundwater, surface water, or other
resources; significant flood risk; water resource challenges identified
in existing regional, state, or multistate agreements; and water
resources with exceptional recreational value or ecological importance;
    8. The extent to which the project addresses identified municipal,
state, or regional priorities;
    9. The readiness of the project to proceed toward development,
including a demonstration by the obligor that there is a reasonable
expectation that the contracting process for construction of the
project can commence by not later than 90 days after the date on which
a Federal credit instrument is obligated for the project under this
subtitle;
    10. The extent to which the project financing plan includes public
or private financing in addition to assistance under this subtitle;
    11. The extent to which assistance under this subtitle reduces the
contribution of Federal assistance to the project;
    12. The extent to which the project addresses needs for repair,
rehabilitation or replacement of a treatment works, community water
system, or aging water distribution or wastewater collection system;
and
    13. The extent to which the project serves economically stressed
communities, or pockets of economically stressed rate payers within
otherwise non-economically stressed communities.
    EPA supplemented criteria (3) by adding examples to define EPA's
expectations for innovation. These examples align this criterion with
the particular innovative projects listed as

eligible in the statute at 33 U.S.C. 3905 (4) and (6).
    EPA added ``as well as the impacts of climate change'' to the end
of criterion (4) in order to reflect the Administration's priorities as
well as align the criteria with the specific priority project type,
``adaptation to extreme weather and climate change including enhanced
infrastructure resiliency, water recycling and reuse, and managed
aquifer recovery,'' which is discussed below.
    EPA added ``or public health'' to the end of criterion (5) in order
to reflect essential objectives in the public interest under both the
Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act.
    EPA added criterion (12) in order to align project criteria with
statutorily defined project eligibilities and to provide credit to
those projects that meet the growing need for repair, rehabilitation,
or replacement of treatment works, community water systems, or aging
water distribution or wastewater collection systems. Addressing these
needs is an Agency priority.
    EPA added criterion (13) in order to reflect the Agency's
continuing efforts to address the needs of economically stressed
communities where access to financing for critical infrastructure is
often lacking or difficult to obtain. While the creditworthiness
requirement, as well as the requirement to obtain an investment-grade
rating on senior obligations, may be a high bar for access to the WIFIA
program by economically stressed communities, there are some options
that may allow such communities to meet such requirements. For
instance, an economically stressed community may seek a guarantee from
a State that would bring the required rating up to an investment-grade
level. A community may also seek the participation of an SRF program
where the SRF program applies for a WIFIA loan and uses its resources
as security in order to meet WIFIA's creditworthiness requirements. The
SRF program can then provide funding to the community and as a result
take on a level of risk that EPA is statutorily barred from assuming
under WIFIA. EPA welcomes comment on the additions and modifications to
the default statutory criteria.
    EPA is not assigning weights to these priorities in this rule, but
rather will make weighting decisions in the first Notice of Funding
Availability and adjust such weights as needed in subsequent notices.
Assigning criteria weights in the Notice of Funding Availability,
rather than through regulation, allows EPA flexibility to adapt to
changing circumstances and priorities in an efficient and timely
manner. In addition, the Administrator may include in the notice
additional criteria in order to further reflect the Administrator's
priorities. EPA proposes to provide notice and response to comments
prior to the issuance of the second Notice of Funding Availability, and
subsequent notices thereafter if necessary, in order to allow for
public input on additional criteria or changes to non-statutory
criteria. EPA will publish a draft NOFA, when necessary to provide
public notice of potential criteria changes or additions, in the
Federal Register and respond to comments on these changes in the final
NOFA. This flexibility will allow the Agency to encourage applications
that focus on a particular selection criterion for a given funding
cycle, e.g., projects that respond to extreme weather events, focus on
climate resiliency, serve economically stressed communities, or address
other selection criteria priorities. EPA welcomes comment on the
decision to apply weights to criteria in the Notice of Funding
Availability rather than by regulation. EPA also wishes to ensure that
the public has the opportunity to provide input in the development of
additional criteria and changes to non-statutory criteria and welcomes
comment on the proposal to provide informal notice and comment prior to
issuance of the second Notice of Funding Availability and subsequent
notices if necessary. EPA also welcomes other ideas that may provide
the opportunity for such input while also allowing EPA to efficiently
manage the program and provide assistance in a timely manner.
    In addition to the criteria set forth above, the statute includes
one additional selection criterion, which is directly related to a
project's creditworthiness, financial viability, and EPA's capacity to
make a loan: ``The amount of budget authority required to fund the
Federal credit instrument made available under this subtitle.'' This
criterion will be used to assess projects separate from the assessment
under the previous thirteen criteria. In particular, it will inform
EPA's ability to provide funding in an equitable manner to prospective
borrowers seeking financing. The amount of budget authority used by a
project will be an important consideration when selecting projects. The
greater the budget authority used by a project, which is a function of
both project size and creditworthiness, the less budget authority is
available to finance other projects. Selecting projects will be at the
discretion of the Administrator who may decide that a project that uses
a proportionally high level of budget authority provides essential
environmental or public health benefits and deserves greater
consideration.

IV. Priorities

    Criteria weights will be assigned in the first Notice of Funding
Availability, and may be adjusted in subsequent notices to address
changing circumstances and priorities. This discussion highlights
important factors that will inform EPA's decision-making process prior
to issuance of the first criteria weights.
    Congress enacted WIFIA with the goal of accelerating investment in
our nation's water infrastructure by providing supplemental credit
assistance to creditworthy projects of major importance to the water
sector. While the list of projects eligible for funding under WIFIA is
expansive, EPA has identified the following project priorities for the
first Notice of Funding Availability:
     Adaptation to extreme weather and climate change including
enhanced infrastructure resiliency, water recycling and reuse, and
managed aquifer recovery \16\;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ Managed aquifer recovery: Storage of excess supply to be
used during peak periods of demand, drought, or other conditions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Enhanced energy efficiency of treatment works, public
water systems, and conveyance systems, including innovative, energy
efficient nutrient treatment;
     Green infrastructure; and
     Repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of infrastructure
and conveyance systems.
    EPA's project priorities for the WIFIA program reflect water sector
challenges that require innovative tools to assist municipalities in
managing and adapting to our most pressing public health and
environmental challenges. They are consistent with EPA's Strategic
Plan, which points to the need for the agency to drive innovation in
addressing water quality and EPA's ``Blueprint for Integrating
Technology Innovation into the National Water Program,'' which builds
on the strategic plan and calls for the Agency to promote innovation in
energy reduction and treatment facilities, nutrient recovery, greening
the nation's infrastructure, water reuse, and resiliency, among other
priorities.\17\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ EPA. ``Blueprint for Integrating Technology Innovation into
the National Water Program.'' March 27, 2013. Available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-04/documents/blueprintv1.pdf.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

A. Adaptation to Extreme Weather and Climate Change Including Enhanced
Infrastructure Resiliency, Water Recycling and Reuse, and Managed
Aquifer Recovery

    The capital and operations and maintenance costs associated with
extreme weather and climate change are estimated to be between $448 and
$994 billion for water and energy utilities through 2050.\18\ This
estimate includes the costs associated with adapting to changes in
runoff quantity and timing, seawater intrusion, temperature changes,
drought, rising sea levels, increased flood events, changes in
precipitation quantity and timing, reduction in source water
availability and quantity, and other types of changes associated with
climate change. Utilities have a suite of options that can be used to
adapt to these changes, including investments in resiliency, recycling
and reuse, and aquifer recovery.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA) and
Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies (AMWA). ``Confronting
Climate Change: An Early Analysis of Water and Wastewater Adaptation
Costs.'' October 2009.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Enhanced infrastructure resiliency can include moving essential
infrastructure to higher ground, installing backup power sources, and
other measures to harden the utility against storms. In other areas,
droughts will become more frequent and severe. Water recycling and
reuse and managed aquifer recovery are some of the adaptation
strategies for such extreme events. Aquifer recharge and aquifer
storage and recovery are tools to augment water resources and address
climate change, including drought, and increased demand on water
supplies related to development. With Superstorm Sandy and extreme
droughts in the western states occurring since these costs were
estimated, the current needs can reasonably be expected to be
significantly higher. As communities are increasingly feeling the
effects of extreme weather and climate change, demand for projects to
adapt to these changes is expected to be significant.

B. Enhanced Energy Efficiency of Treatment Works, Public Water Systems,
and Conveyance Systems Including Innovative, Energy Efficient Nutrient
Treatment

    Drinking water and wastewater systems account for approximately 3-
4% of energy use in the United States, adding over 45 million tons of
greenhouse gases annually. Further, drinking water and wastewater
plants are typically the largest energy consumers of municipal
governments, accounting for 30-40% of total energy consumed. Energy as
a percent of operating costs for drinking water systems can also reach
as high as 40% and is expected to increase 20% in the next 15 years due
to population growth and tightening drinking water regulations. As a
result, energy efficiency and alternative energy projects are
increasingly being pursued by water systems. Investments in energy
efficiency will also help reduce the impacts of climate change.
    For example, municipalities face increased costs to upgrade
wastewater treatment in order to remove nutrients (nitrogen,
phosphorous) to an extent sufficient to protect receiving waters.
Nutrients are a significant water quality concern throughout the United
States, with 25% of all water body impairments believed to be due to
nutrient-related causes. This human-induced nutrient pollution comes
from point and non-point sources, such as urban stormwater runoff,
wastewater discharges, Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs) and
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs), agriculture, and
atmospheric deposition. The costs of biological nutrient removal vary
based on the quality of the source water (for drinking water) and
receiving waters (for uses designated in state water quality
standards), flows, and whether it is for a new facility or upgrades.
Nutrient-induced formation of harmful algal blooms is an additional
complicating factor for drinking water treatment. Operations and
maintenance costs, particularly energy costs, are one of the primary
drivers of the costs associated with nutrient removal. WIFIA can help
reduce these costs by driving the development of innovative, energy
efficient tools to treat nutrients and assist in their dissemination
throughout the country.
    While estimates of total energy efficiency needs in treatment works
and public water systems are not currently available, recent experience
points to a significant demand for these types of projects. SRF
programs committed $1.7 billion of funding received under the American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act to Green Project Reserve projects, well
above the 20% requirement; 45% of this amount went towards energy
efficiency projects.\19\ From 2009 through 2015, CWSRF and DWSRF
programs have funded $1.8 billion in energy efficiency projects. As
more utilities seek out energy efficiency improvements, WIFIA can be on
the forefront of making these projects come to fruition by reducing the
cost of implementing innovative projects.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ U.S. EPA. ``Implementation of the American Recovery &
Reinvestment Act of 2009: Clean Water & Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund Programs.'' May 2011 (EPA-832-K-11-001). Available at
nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100BEEI.TXT.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. Green Infrastructure

    The EPA's CWNS 2012 documented needs of $48.0 billion for combined
sewer overflow (CSO) correction, of which $4.2 billion was reported for
green infrastructure, and $19.2 billion for stormwater management, of
which $2.8 billion was reported for green infrastructure. Because only
21% of regulated municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4) submitted
data, the actual stormwater needs are likely significantly higher. In
2011, EPA issued a memorandum entitled ``Achieving Water Quality
through Integrated Municipal Stormwater and Wastewater Plans,'' \20\
which among other options, encourages the integration of green
infrastructure in CSO long term control plans. An increasing number of
communities are choosing to invest in green infrastructure to manage
CSOs and wet weather and to decrease costs and improve livability.
Twenty-year investment needs in green infrastructure can reasonably be
expected to substantially top the $7 billion projected by the CWNS
2012.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/memointegratedmunicipalplans_0.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Repair, Rehabilitation, and Replacement of Infrastructure and
Conveyance Systems

    The EPA's CWNS and DWINS estimate needs of approximately $660
billion for up to twenty years. The vast majority of that need, 90% or
$591 billion, is for repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of
existing infrastructure.
    Actual needs in this area are likely even higher than reported to
EPA. To calculate water systems' distribution system replacement needs,
DWINS applies a default replacement benchmark of 0.5% per year. This
default benchmark percentage reflects current replacement rates and
assumes water mains have a life expectancy of 200 years though actual
life expectancies can be significantly shorter. However, relatively few
surveyed systems document needs in excess of the default. Further, the
American Water Works Association estimates the total need between 2011
and 2035 for replacement of distribution system is approximately $526
billion.\21\

This figure does not include the repair, replacement, and upgrade of
wastewater collection systems, nor of drinking water and wastewater
treatment facilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ American Water Works Association. ``Buried No Longer:
Confronting America's Water Infrastructure Challenge.'' Available at
http://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/files/legreg/documents/BuriedNoLonger.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Additionally, the repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of aging
infrastructure can support climate change adaptation--for instance, by
improvements to increase the flood resilience of facilities and
components, including helping to assure the accessibility,
uninterrupted operations, and maintaining public services during and
following extreme weather events. Other examples include measures to
reduce water loss from leaking drinking water distribution systems in
communities where the availability of surface or ground water supplies
to meet demand is a significant concern. Distribution system projects
can similarly support energy efficiency since loss of water that has
previously been treated and pumped is in effect energy lost.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review & Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is a significant regulatory action that was submitted
to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. This rule has
been determined significant because it affects the rights and
obligations of recipients of a loan program and raises novel legal or
policy issues arising out of a legal mandate. Any changes made in
response to OMB recommendations have been documented in the docket.

B. Executive Orders 11988 and 13690 and the Federal Flood Risk
Management Standard

    In order to help ensure enhanced resiliency of federally funded
projects against floods, and to ensure that those projects do not
exacerbate flood risk upstream, downstream, to adjacent properties, or
to populations relying on facility services, projects funded under this
rule will meet or exceed applicable State, local, Tribal, and
Territorial standards for flood risk and floodplain management, as well
as Executive Orders 11988 and 13690, the Federal Flood Risk Management
Standard, and the Guidelines for Implementing Executive Order 11988,
Floodplain Management, and Executive Order 13690, Establishing a
Federal Flood Risk Management Standard and a Process for Further
Soliciting and Considering Stakeholder Input (Guidelines). This rule
applies to projects funded by the WIFIA program. Other EPA programs may
have other approaches to compliance with these Executive Orders.
    Under this rule, projects involving new construction, substantial
improvement, or to address substantial damage to structures and
facilities will use the expanded floodplain standard described in E.O.
13690. Substantial improvement and substantial damage include projects
equaling or exceeding 50 percent of the value of the structure or
facility. These project applicants shall determine whether the proposed
project will occur in the floodplain using any of the approaches
provided in section 6(c) of E.O. 11988, as amended. Applicants for
proposed projects that are not new construction, substantial
improvement, or to address substantial damage will use, at a minimum,
the base 100-year floodplain standard for non-Critical Actions, and the
0.2%-annual chance floodplain for Critical Actions.
    The Guidelines include an Eight-Step Decision-Making Process for
identifying and addressing flood risks. Through that decision-making
process, applicants will consider alternatives, including those that
would avoid the floodplain, whenever practicable. Applicants will
identify potential impacts, and if the project would result in harm to
or within the floodplain, take actions to minimize that harm and
restore and protect the natural floodplain environment. Under this
rule, projects funded under WIFIA will be considered Critical Actions,
as that term is defined in E.O.11988, unless the Administrator provides
written notification to the applicant that the particular project is
not considered to be a Critical Action.
    Specific procedures and additional information are laid out in the
program handbook, to be made available on the WIFIA program Web site.
EPA welcomes comment on rule requirements related to Executive Orders
11988 and 13690 and the Federal Flood Risk Management Standard.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to OMB under the PRA. The Information
Collection Request (ICR) document that the EPA prepared has been
assigned EPA ICR number 2549.01. You can find a copy of the ICR in the
docket for this rule.
    The collection of information is necessary in order to receive
applications for credit assistance pursuant to section 5024 of the
Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act (WIFIA) of 2014, 33
U.S.C. 3903. The purpose of the WIFIA program is to provide Federal
credit assistance in the form of direct loans and loan guarantees to
eligible clean water and drinking water projects.
    WIFIA requires that an eligible entity shall submit to the
Administrator an application at such time, in such manner, and
containing such information, as the Administrator may require to
receive assistance under WIFIA. In order to satisfy these requirements,
EPA must collect a letter of interest and an application from entities
seeking funding. This collection is necessary to determine whether each
proposed project meets creditworthiness and other Federal requirements
to receive WIFIA credit assistance. The content of the letter of
interest and application are set out in 40 CFR 35.10015(c)(1) and (2),
respectively. EPA solicits comments on the information required to be
included in this collection.
    EPA estimates 25 respondents per year, for a total estimated burden
of 1,500 hours (per year) and cost of $3,064,593.90 (per year)
(includes no annualized capital or operation and maintenance costs).
This estimate includes the burden for 20 unduplicated respondents for
the letter of interest and 5 unduplicated respondents for the
application. For the letter of interest, EPA estimates 1,000 annual
burden hours and the annualized cost of those hours is $40,107. EPA
used the following median hourly wages from the May 2015 National
Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates United States (http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm) from the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics to calculate the cost of the estimated burden hours: Lawyers
= $55.69; Management = $47.38; Engineers = $43.30; and Office and
Administrative Support = $15.96. For the application, EPA estimates 500
annual burden hours and the annualized cost of those hours is $19,487.
EPA estimates 50 legal hours, 55 management hours, 285 technical hours,
and 110 clerical hours. As noted, EPA used the median wages from U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics to calculate the cost of the estimated
burden hours.
    In addition to the burden hours of compiling the letter of interest
and application, EPA estimated that respondents will be charged two
fees. An application fee will be due upon submission of the
application. The application fee acts as ``earnest money'' to ensure
applicants are committed to

closing the WIFIA credit assistance. This application fee is credited
toward the cost of expert services. For applications for projects
serving small communities (population of not more than 25,000 people),
this application fee is estimated to be $25,000. For all other
applicants, this application fee is estimated to be $100,000. EPA
assumes five applicants, with one being a small community. The annual
combined application fee for all five applicants is estimated to be
$425,000.
    A credit processing fee will be due at the time of closing for
projects selected to receive assistance. The proceeds of any such fees
would be used to pay for all or a portion of the Agency's cost of
providing credit assistance and the costs of retaining expert firms,
including legal, engineering, and financial advisory services. The fee
for each project is directly attributable to the costs incurred by EPA
for that project. EPA intends to fund all entities that are invited to
apply for WIFIA credit assistance. If the credit agreement is not
executed, the applicant must reimburse EPA for costs incurred in
negotiating the credit agreement.
    The amount for expert firms varies between applicants depending on
the complexity of the project. EPA estimates these costs may range from
$350,000 to $700,000. For the purpose of estimating burden, EPA
estimates the cost will be approximately $400,000. A portion of the
credit processing fee may be waived at the discretion of the EPA. EPA
will calculate a specific credit processing fee for each project. This
credit processing fee will be equal to the cost of expert firms minus
the application fee. For example, if the cost of expert firms is
$400,000 and the applicant paid a $100,000 application fee, a $300,000
credit processing fee will be due at closing. The total credit
processing fee for five applicants will be approximately $1,575,000.
    The cost of general expenses for submitting an application, such as
supplies, delivery charges, mailing, copying, and telecommunications,
will be $1,000. The total general expenses will be $5,000.
    WIFIA also requires that an eligible entity shall submit to the
Administrator a preliminary rating opinion letter. By statute,
applicants are required to submit a preliminary rating letter at the
time of application and two (2) final rating letters at the time of
closing that indicate that the senior obligation of the project has an
investment grade rating. These rating letters must be from a rating a
bond rating agency identified by the Securities and Exchange Commission
as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). The
cost of these rating letters vary based on the size and complexity of
the project. Based on bond rating agency estimates and industry
research, EPA estimates that the final rating letters will cost
approximately $100,000 per letter and that the initial preliminary
rating letter is included in the cost of one of the final letters. The
total cost for five applicants will be $1,000,000.
    EPA solicits comment on the accuracy of the estimated level of
burden of collecting this information and the validity of the
assumptions used. EPA also solicits comment on the utility and clarity
of the information to be collected and ways EPA can minimize the
information collection burden on respondents.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9. When OMB
approves the ICR, the Agency will announce that approval in the Federal
Register and publish a technical amendment to 40 CFR part 9 to display
the OMB control number for the approved information collection
activities contained in this final rule.

D. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    This action is not subject to the RFA. The RFA applies only to
rules subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the
Administrative Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. 553, or any other statute.
This rule pertains to loans and loan guarantees, which the APA
expressly exempts from notice and comment rulemaking requirements under
5 U.S.C. 553(a)(2). Moreover, the Water Infrastructure Finance and
Innovation Act (sec. 1445 of Pub. L. 114-94) does not require notice
and comment rulemaking to take this action.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action imposes
no enforceable duty on any state, local, or tribal governments or the
private sector.

F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175. While a tribal government, or a consortium of
tribal governments, may apply for WIFIA credit assistance, this action
does not have substantial direct effects on one or more Indian tribes,
on the relationship between the Federal Government and Indian tribes,
or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the
Federal Government and Indian tribes.

H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health and Safety Risks

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is
not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and
because this action does not address environmental health or safety
risks. This rulemaking provides the procedure to apply for credit
assistance; the selection criteria used for evaluating and selecting
among eligible projects to receive credit assistance contained in the
Supplementary Information section of the preamble includes the extent
to which the project generates public health benefits.

I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it is
not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy. This rulemaking simply provides the
procedure to apply for credit assistance; therefore, by itself, this
rulemaking will not have any effect on the supply, distribution or use
of energy.

J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)

    This rulemaking does not involve technical standards.

K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes that this action is not subject to Executive Order
12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) because it does not establish an
environmental health or safety standard.

L. National Environmental Policy Act

    Each project obtaining assistance under this program is required to
adhere to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42
U.S.C. 4321 et seq.). These requirements apply at the time of
application for assistance. This rulemaking simply provides the
procedure to apply for credit assistance; therefore, by itself, this
rulemaking will not have any effect on the quality of the environment.

M. Congressional Review Act

    This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of
the United States. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5
U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 35

    Environmental protection, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
and Water finance.

    Dated: December 6, 2016.
Gina McCarthy,
Administrator.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, EPA amends 40 CFR part
35 as follows:

PART 35--STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE

0
1. The authority citation for part 35 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.; 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.; 42
U.S.C. 300f et seq.; 42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.; 7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.;
15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.; 42 U.S.C. 13101 et seq.; Pub. L. 104-134,
110 Stat. 1321, 1321-299 (1996); Pub. L. 105-65, 111 Stat. 1344,
1373 (1997), 2 CFR 200.

0
2. Add Subpart Q to read as follows:
Subpart Q--Credit Assistance for Water Infrastructure Projects
Sec.
35.10000 Purpose.
35.10005 Definitions.
35.10010 Limitations on assistance.
35.10015 Application process.
35.10020 Small community set-aside.
35.10025 Federal requirements.
35.10026 Federal flood risk management standard.
35.10030 American iron and steel.
35.10035 Labor standards.
35.10040 Investment-grade ratings.
35.10045 Threshold criteria.
35.10050 Use of existing financing mechanisms.
35.10055 Selection criteria.
35.10060 Term sheets and approvals.
35.10065 Closing on the credit agreement.
35.10070 Credit agreement.
35.10075 Reporting requirements.

Subpart Q--Credit Assistance for Water Infrastructure Projects

Sec.  35.10000   Purpose.

    This part implements a Federal credit assistance program for water
infrastructure projects.

Sec.  35.10005   Definitions.

    The following definitions apply to this part:
    Community water system has the meaning given the term in section
1401 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f).
    Credit assistance means a secured loan or loan guarantee under 33
U.S.C. 3908.
    Credit agreement means a contractual agreement between the EPA and
the project sponsor (and the lender, if applicable) that formalizes the
terms and conditions established in the term sheet (or conditional term
sheet) and authorizes the execution of a secured loan or loan
guarantee.
    Credit subsidy cost shall have the same meaning as ``cost'' under
section 502(5) of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C.
661a(5)), which is the net present value at the time the obligation is
entered into. The credit subsidy cost for a given project is calculated
by EPA in consultation with OMB. The credit subsidy cost must be less
than the unobligated subsidy amount that has been appropriated by
Congress to date.
    Eligible project costs mean amounts, substantially all of which are
paid by, or for the account of, an obligor in connection with a
project, including the cost of:
    (1) Development-phase activities, including planning, feasibility
analysis (including any related analysis necessary to carry out an
eligible project), revenue forecasting, environmental review,
permitting, preliminary engineering and design work, and other
preconstruction activities;
    (2) Construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and replacement
activities;
    (3) The acquisition of real property or an interest in real
property (including water rights, land relating to the project, and
improvements to land), environmental mitigation (including acquisitions
pursuant to section 5026(7)), construction contingencies, and
acquisition of equipment; and
    (4) Capitalized interest necessary to meet market requirements,
reasonably required reserve funds, capital issuance expenses, and other
carrying costs during construction. Capitalized interest on the WIFIA
credit instrument is not an eligible project cost.
    Federal credit instrument means a secured loan or loan guarantee
authorized to be made available under 33 U.S.C. 3901-3914 with respect
to a project.
    Investment-grade rating means a rating category of BBB minus, Baa3,
bbb minus, BBB (low), or higher assigned by a nationally recognized
statistical rating organization (NRSRO) to project obligations offered
into the capital markets.
    Iron and steel products means the following products made primarily
of iron or steel: Lined or unlined pipes and fittings, manhole covers
and other municipal castings, hydrants, tanks, flanges, pipe clamps and
restraints, valves, structural steel, reinforced precast concrete, and
construction materials.
    Lender means any non-Federal qualified institutional buyer (as
defined in 17 CFR 230.144A(a)), known as Rule 144A(a) of the Securities
and Exchange Commission and issued under the Securities Act of 1933 (15
U.S.C. 77a et seq.), including:
    (1) A qualified retirement plan (as defined in section 4974(c) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 26 U.S.C. 4974(c)) that is a
qualified institutional buyer; and
    (2) A governmental plan (as defined in section 414(d) of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 26 U.S.C. 414(d)) that is a qualified
institutional buyer.
    Loan guarantee means any guarantee or other pledge by the
Administrator to pay all or part of the principal of and interest on a
loan or other debt obligation issued by an obligor and funded by a
lender.
    Nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO) means
a credit rating agency identified and registered by the Office of
Credit Ratings in the Securities and Exchange Commission under 15
U.S.C. 78o-7.
    Obligor means a party primarily liable for payment of the principal
of or interest on a Federal credit instrument, which party may be a
corporation; partnership; joint venture; trust; Federal, State, or
local governmental entity, agency, or instrumentality; tribal
government or consortium of tribal governments; or a State
infrastructure finance authority.
    Project means:
    (1) One or more activities that are eligible for assistance under
section 603(c) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C.
1383(c)), notwithstanding the public ownership requirement under
paragraph (1) of that subsection;

    (2) One or more activities described in section 1452(a)(2) of the
Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300j-12(a)(2));
    (3) A project for enhanced energy efficiency in the operation of a
public water system or a publicly owned treatment works;
    (4) A project for repair, rehabilitation, or replacement of a
treatment works, community water system, or aging water distribution or
waste collection facility (including a facility that serves a
population or community of an Indian reservation).;
    (5) A brackish or sea water desalination project, a managed aquifer
recharge project, or a water recycling project;
    (6) Acquisition of real property or an interest in real property--
    (i) If the acquisition is integral to a project described in
paragraphs (1) through (5) of this definition; or
    (ii) Pursuant to an existing plan that, in the judgment of the
Administrator, would mitigate the environmental impacts of water
resources infrastructure projects otherwise eligible for assistance
under this section;
    (7) A combination of projects, each of which is eligible under
paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition, for which a State
infrastructure financing authority submits to the Administrator a
single application; or
    (8) A combination of projects secured by a common security pledge,
each of which is eligible under paragraph (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), or
(6) of this definition, for which an eligible entity, or a combination
of eligible entities, submits a single application.
    Project obligation means any note, bond, debenture, or other debt
obligation issued by an obligor in connection with the financing of a
project, other than a Federal credit instrument.
    Project sponsor, for the purposes of this part, means an applicant
for WIFIA assistance or an obligor, as appropriate.
    Publicly sponsored means the obligor can demonstrate, to the
satisfaction of the Administrator, that it has consulted with the
affected state, local, or tribal government in which the project is
located, or is otherwise affected by the project, and that such
government supports the proposed project. Support can be shown by a
certified letter signed by the approving municipal department or
similar agency, mayor or other similar designated authority, local
ordinance, or any other means by which local government approval can be
evidenced.
    Secured loan means a direct loan or other debt obligation issued by
an obligor and funded by the Administrator in connection with the
financing of a project under 33 U.S.C. 3908.
    State means any one of the fifty states, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, or any other territory or possession of the United States.
    State infrastructure financing authority means the State entity
established or designated by the Governor of a State to receive a
capitalization grant provided by, or otherwise carry out the
requirements of, title VI of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
(33 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.) or section 1452 of the Safe Drinking Water Act
(42 U.S.C. 300j-12).
    Subsidy amount means the dollar amount of budget authority
sufficient to cover the estimated long-term cost to the Federal
Government of a Federal credit instrument, calculated on a net present
value basis, excluding administrative costs and any incidental effects
on governmental receipts or outlays in accordance with the provisions
of the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 (2 U.S.C. 661 et seq.).
    Substantial completion means the stage in the progress of the
project when the project or designated portion thereof is sufficiently
complete in accordance with the contract documents so that the project
or a portion thereof can be used for its intended use.
    Term sheet means a contractual agreement between the EPA and the
project sponsor (and the lender, if applicable) that sets forth the key
business terms and conditions of a Federal credit instrument. Execution
of this document represents a legal obligation of budget authority.
    Treatment works has the meaning given the term in section 212 of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (33 U.S.C. 1292).
    WIFIA means the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of
2014, Pub. L. 113-121, 128 Stat, 1332, codified at 33 U.S.C. 3901-3914.

Sec.  35.10010  Limitations on assistance.

    (a) The total amount of credit assistance offered to any project
under this part shall not exceed 49% of the anticipated eligible
project costs, as measured on an aggregate cash (year-of-expenditure)
basis, or, if the secured loan does not receive an investment-grade
rating, the total amount of credit assistance shall not exceed the
amount of the senior project obligations of the project.
    (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this section, the
Administrator may offer credit assistance in excess of 49% of the
anticipated eligible project costs as long as such excess assistance
combined for all projects does not require greater than 25% of the
subsidy amount made available for the fiscal year.
    (1) Credit assistance may not exceed 80% of the total project costs
due to a statutory restriction on the maximum extent of federal
participation in a project, except in the case of certain rural water
projects authorized to be carried out by the Secretary of the Interior
that includes among its beneficiaries a federally recognized Indian
tribe and for which the authorized Federal share of the total project
costs is greater than 80%.
    (2) Use of the authority to offer credit assistance in excess of
49% of the anticipated eligible project costs shall be considered only
under extraordinarily exceptional circumstances.
    (3) In the event this authority is used, all other criteria and
requirements described in this part must be met and adhered to.
    (c) Costs incurred prior to a project sponsor's submission of an
application for credit assistance may be considered in calculating
eligible project costs only upon approval of the Administrator. In
addition, applicants shall not include application charges or any other
expenses associated with the application process (such as charges
associated with obtaining the required preliminary rating opinion
letter) among the eligible project costs. Capitalized interest on the
WIFIA credit instrument is not eligible for calculating project costs.
    (d) No costs financed internally or with interim funding may be
refinanced under this part later than a year following substantial
completion of the project.
    (e) The Administrator shall not obligate funds for a project that
has not received an environmental Categorical Exclusion, Finding of No
Significant Impact, or Record of Decision under the National
Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.
    (f) The Administrator shall fund a secured loan based on the
project's financing needs. The credit agreement shall include the
anticipated schedule for such loan disbursements. Actual disbursements
will be based on incurred costs, and in accordance with the approved
construction plan, as evidenced by paid invoices.
    (g) The interest rate on a secured loan will be equal to or greater
than the yield on U.S. Treasury securities of comparable maturity on
the date of execution of the credit agreement as identified through use
of the daily rate tables published by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service
for the State and Local Government Series (SLGS) investments. The yield
on comparable Treasury

securities will be estimated by adding one basis point to the SLGS
daily rate with a maturity that is closest to the weighted average loan
life of the WIFIA credit instrument, measured from first disbursement.
    (h) The final maturity date of a secured loan will be the earlier
of the date that is 35 years after the date of substantial completion
of the project, as determined by the Administrator and identified in
the assistance agreement, and if the useful life of the project, as
determined by the Administrator, is less than 35 years, the useful life
the project; however, the final maturity date of a secured loan to a
State infrastructure financing authority will be not later than 35
years after the date on which amounts are first disbursed. In
determining the useful life of the project, for the purposes of
establishing the final maturity date of the WIFIA credit instrument,
the Administrator will consider the useful economic life of the
asset(s) being financed.
    (i) A secured loan will not be subordinated to the claims of any
holder of project obligations in the event of bankruptcy, insolvency,
or liquidation of the obligor of the project.
    (j) EPA will establish a repayment schedule for a secured loan
based on the projected cash flow from project revenues and other
repayment sources. Scheduled loan repayments of principal or interest
on a secured loan will commence not later than 5 years after the date
of substantial completion of the project as determined by the
Administrator; however, scheduled loan repayments of principal or
interest on a secured loan to a State infrastructure financing
authority will commence not later than 5 years after the date on which
amounts are first disbursed.

Sec.  35.10015   Application process.

    (a) Each fiscal year for which budget authority is made available
by Congress, the EPA shall publish a Federal Register notice to solicit
letters of interest for credit assistance called a Notice of Funding
Availability. Such notice will specify the relevant due dates, the
estimated amount of funding available to support WIFIA credit
instruments for the current and future fiscal years, contact name(s),
and other details for submissions and funding approvals.
    (b) Public and private applicants for credit assistance under this
part will be required to submit letters of interest to the EPA in order
to be selected by the Administrator to submit an application.
    (c) The application process is divided into two steps: letter of
interest and application.
    (1) The letter of interest provides enough information for EPA to
make a project selection and invite prospective borrowers to submit
applications. Such information may include, but is not limited to:
    (i) Prospective borrower information;
    (ii) Project plan;
    (iii) Preliminary project operations and maintenance plan;
    (iv) Proposed financing plan and audited financial statements;
    (v) Contact information;
    (vi) Written responses addressing selection criteria;
    (vii) Certifications; and
    (viii) Notification of state infrastructure financing authority.
    (2) The application provides all relevant information for EPA to
provide credit assistance. Submission of an application does not
guarantee that EPA will award credit assistance to a given applicant.
At a minimum, such applications shall provide, in addition to the
information provided in the letter of interest:
    (i) Detailed applicant information;
    (ii) Detailed project information;
    (iii) Detailed project operation and maintenance plan;
    (iv) Comprehensive financing plan; and
    (v) Complete certifications.
    (d) Following successful submission and approval by EPA of the
application, EPA will offer the applicant a term sheet, as described in
section 35.10060. The applicant may accept or negotiate terms in the
term sheet.
    (e) Following acceptance of the term sheet, the applicant will
proceed to closing, as described in section 35.10065.
    (f) An application for a project located in or sponsored by more
than one entity shall be submitted to the EPA by just one entity. The
sponsoring entities shall designate a single obligor for purposes of
applying for, receiving, and repaying WIFIA credit assistance.

Sec.  35.10020   Small community set-aside.

    (a) Each fiscal year for which budget authority is made available
by Congress, EPA shall set aside at least 15% of budget authority for
projects that serve communities of not more than 25,000 individuals.
    (b) Any set-aside budget authority remaining unobligated on June 1
of the fiscal year for which the budget authority is set aside shall be
made available for projects other than small community projects.

Sec.  35.10025   Federal requirements.

    All projects receiving credit assistance under this part shall
comply with:
    (a) Environmental authorities:
    (1) The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. 4321
et seq.;
    (2) Archeological and Historic Preservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 469-
469c;
    (3) Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.;
    (4) Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.;
    (5) Coastal Barrier Resources Act, 16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.;
    (6) Coastal Zone Management Act, 16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq.;
    (7) Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.;
    (8) Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority
Populations and Low-Income Populations, Executive Order 12898, 59 FR
7629, February 16, 1994;
    (9) Floodplain Management, Executive Order 11988, 42 FR 26951, May
24, 1977, as amended by Executive Order 13690, 80 FR 6425, February 4,
2015;
    (10) Protection of Wetlands, Executive Order 11990, 42 FR 26961,
May 25, 1977, as amended by Executive Order 12608, 52 FR 34617,
September 14, 1987;
    (11) Farmland Protection Policy Act, 7 U.S.C. 4201 et seq.;
    (12) Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act, 16 U.S.C. 661-666c, as
amended;
    (13) Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, 16
U.S.C. 1801 et seq.;
    (14) National Historic Preservation Act, 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.;
    (15) Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.; and
    (16) Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, 16 U.S.C. 1271 et seq.
    (b) Economic and miscellaneous authorities:
    (1) Debarment and Suspension, Executive Order 12549, 51 FR 6370,
February 21, 1986;
    (2) Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act, 42
U.S.C. 3301 et seq., as amended, and Executive Order 12372, 47 FR
30959, July 16, 1982;
    (3) Drug-Free Workplace Act, 41 U.S.C. 8101 et seq.;
    (4) New Restrictions on Lobbying, 31 U.S.C. 1352;
    (5) Prohibitions relating to violations of the Clean Water Act or
Clean Air Act with respect to Federal contracts, grants, or loans under
42 U.S.C. 7606 and 33 U.S.C. 1368, and Executive Order 11738, 38 FR
25161, September 12, 1973; and
    (6) The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition
Policies Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.

    (c) Civil Rights, Nondiscrimination, Equal Employment Opportunity
Authorities:
    (1) Age Discrimination Act, 42 U.S.C. 6101 et seq.;
    (2) Equal Employment Opportunity, Executive Order 11246, 30 FR
12319, September 28, 1965;
    (3) Section 13 of the Clean Water Act, Pub. L. 92-500, codified in
42 U.S.C. 1251;
    (4) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. 794,
supplemented by Executive Orders 11914, 41 FR 17871, April 29, 1976 and
11250, 30 FR 13003, October 13, 1965;
    (5) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. 2000d et
seq.; and
    (6) Participation by Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in
Procurement under Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Financial
Assistance Agreements, 73 FR 15904.
    (d) Other Federal and compliance requirements as may be applicable.

Sec.  35.10026   Federal flood risk management standard.

    (a) In making WIFIA funding decisions under this rule, EPA will
follow the requirements of Executive Orders 11988 and 13690, the
Federal Flood Risk Management Standard, and the Guidelines for
Implementing Executive Order 11988, Floodplain Management, and
Executive Order 13690, Establishing a Federal Flood Risk Management
Standard and a Process for Further Soliciting and Considering
Stakeholder Input (Guidelines). Applicants shall submit information
regarding the project that is sufficient for EPA to determine that the
project is in compliance with the standards and requirements of these
Executive Orders and Guidelines.
    (b) Projects funded under the WIFIA program implemented through
this rule must also demonstrate that they will meet or exceed
applicable State, local, Tribal, and Territorial standards for flood
risk and floodplain management.
    (c) As a condition of funding projects involving new construction,
substantial improvement, or to address substantial damage to structures
and facilities, the project sponsor must demonstrate to EPA that it
will use the expanded floodplain standard described in E.O. 13690.
Projects involving substantial improvement or addressing substantial
damage include projects equaling or exceeding 50 percent of the value
of the structure or facility. With regard to projects meeting this
definition, the project applicant shall determine whether the proposed
project will occur in the floodplain using any of the approaches
provided in section 6(c) of Executive Order 11988, as amended.
Applicants for proposed projects that are not new construction,
substantial improvement, or projects to address substantial damage
shall use at minimum, the base 100-year floodplain standard for actions
that are not ``critical actions'' as defined in Executive Order 11988
Section 6(d) and the 0.2%-annual chance floodplain for critical
actions.
    (d) For purposes of this section, projects funded under WIFIA will
be considered Critical Actions as defined in Executive Order 11988, as
amended, unless the Administrator determines and provides written
notice to the applicant that the particular project is not considered
to be a Critical Action.
    (e) All applicants shall follow the Guidelines, including the
Eight-Step Decision-Making Process described in the Guidelines, as a
means of compliance with the requirements of section 2(a) of Executive
Order 11988, as amended. EPA shall provide oversight to ensure that
project applicants have complied with this process.
    (f) The Administrator will not allow WIFIA funding for new
construction, substantial improvement, or to address substantial damage
to structures and facilities sited in or encroaching on a Floodway or a
Coastal High Hazard Area/V-Zone, except for a functionally dependent
use or to facilitate an open space use. The Administrator will make the
determination of whether a proposed project is a functionally dependent
use or a structure that facilitates an open space use. In addition to
compliance with paragrpahs (a) through (e) of this section, applicants
for projects sited in these zones must include engineering plans
demonstrating that the facility will be accessible and operational to
the elevation of the applicable level, including elevation or
floodproofing of buildings, electronics, and mechanical components.

Sec.  35.10030   American iron and steel.

    (a) All projects receiving credit assistance under this part for
the construction, alteration, maintenance, or repair of a project shall
use only iron and steel products produced in the United States.
    (b) By statute, at 33 U.S.C. 3914(b), ``iron and steel products''
means the following products made primarily of iron or steel: Lined or
unlined pipes and fittings, manhole covers and other municipal
castings, hydrants, tanks, flanges, pipe clamps and restraints, valves,
structural steel, reinforced precast concrete, and construction
materials. Equipment employed in construction but does not become part
of the project is not an ``iron and steel product'' for purpose of this
section.
    (c) EPA may issue a waiver for a case or category of cases where
EPA finds:
    (1) That applying these requirements would be inconsistent with the
public interest;
    (2) Iron and steel products are not produced in the US in
sufficient and reasonably available quantities and of a satisfactory
quality; or
    (3) Inclusion of iron and steel products produced in the US will
increase the cost of the overall project by more than 25%.
    (d) All guidance developed for compliance with American Iron and
Steel requirements for EPA's State Revolving Fund programs shall apply
to projects receiving credit assistance under this part. Such guidance
can be found on EPA's Web site.
    (e) All national waivers issued by EPA in accordance with section
436(b) of Pub. L. 113-76, 128 Stat. 346, 2014, Consolidated
Appropriations Act, 2014, shall apply to projects receiving credit
assistance under this part in the same manner as they apply to projects
receiving assistance under the Clean Water and Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund programs, unless such waiver addresses the timing of the
submission of engineering plans and specifications as the submission
relates to Congressional appropriations for either the Clean Water or
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund programs.

Sec.  35.10035   Labor standards.

    All laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or
subcontractors on projects receiving credit assistance under this part
shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing for the
same type of work on similar construction in the immediate locality, as
determined by the Secretary of Labor.

Sec.  35.10040   Investment-grade ratings.

    (a) At the time a project sponsor submits an application, the EPA
shall require a preliminary rating opinion letter. This letter is a
conditional credit assessment from a NRSRO that provides a preliminary
indication of the project's overall creditworthiness and that
specifically addresses the potential of the project's senior debt
obligations (those obligations having a lien senior to that of the
WIFIA credit instrument on the pledged security) to achieve an
investment-grade rating and the default risk of the WIFIA loan.
    (b) The full funding of a secured (direct) loan or loan guarantee
shall be contingent on the assignment of an investment-grade rating by
two NRSROs

to all project obligations that have a lien senior to that of the
Federal credit instrument on the pledged security along with commentary
on the default risk of the WIFIA loan.
    (c) Neither the preliminary rating opinion letter nor the formal
credit ratings should reflect the effect of bond insurance, unless that
insurance provides credit enhancement that secures the WIFIA
obligation.

Sec.  35.10045   Threshold criteria.

    (a) To be eligible to receive Federal credit assistance under this
part, a project shall meet the following six threshold criteria:
    (1) The project and obligor shall be creditworthy;
    (2) The project sponsor shall submit a project application to the
Administrator;
    (3) A project shall have eligible project costs that are reasonably
anticipated to equal or exceed $20 million, or for a project eligible
under paragraphs (2) or (3) of 33 U.S.C. 3905 serving a community of
not more than 25,000 individuals, project costs that are reasonably
anticipated to equal or exceed $5 million;
    (4) Project financing shall be repayable, in whole or in part, from
State or local taxes, user fees, or other dedicated revenue sources
that also secure the senior project obligations of the project; shall
include a rate covenant, coverage requirement, or similar security
feature supporting the project obligations; and may have a lien on
revenues subject to any lien securing project obligations;
    (5) In the case of a project that is undertaken by an entity that
is not a State or local government or an agency or instrumentality of a
State or local government, or a tribal government or consortium of
tribal governments, the project that the entity is undertaking shall be
publicly sponsored.
    (6) The applicant shall have developed an operations and
maintenance plan that identifies adequate revenues to operate,
maintain, and repair the project during its useful life.
    (b) With respect to paragraph (a)(4) of this section, the
Administrator may accept general obligation pledges or general
corporate promissory pledges and will determine the acceptability of
other pledges and forms of collateral as dedicated revenue sources on a
case-by-case basis. The Administrator shall not accept a pledge of
Federal funds, regardless of source, as security for the WIFIA credit
instrument.

Sec.  35.10050   Use of existing financing mechanisms.

    (a) Within 30 days of receipt of an application for a project
eligible under 33 U.S.C. 3905(2) or (3), EPA shall notify the State
infrastructure financing authority in the State in which the
applicant's project is located that such an application has been
received.
    (b) EPA may not provide assistance under this chapter if within 60
days of receipt of a notification described in paragraph (a) of this
section, the State infrastructure financing authority notifies EPA that
it intends to commit funds in an amount equal to or greater than the
amount requested in the application to the applicant for the project,
as evidenced by an amendment to the State revolving fund program's
intended use plan described in Sec.  35.3150 or Sec.  35.3555 unless:
    (1) By the date 180 days after receipt of the notification
described in paragraph (a) of this section, the State infrastructure
financing authority fails to enter into an assistance agreement with
the applicant; or
    (2) The financial assistance to be provided by the State
infrastructure authority will be at rates and terms that are less
favorable than the rates and terms of the assistance agreement to be
provided under this chapter.

Sec.  35.10055   Selection criteria.

    (a) The Administrator shall assign weights to selection criteria in
the first Notice of Funding Availability published in accordance with
section 4(a), and adjusted weights in future Notices of Funding
Availability to address changing circumstances and priorities. The
following thirteen selection criteria will be used for evaluating and
selecting among eligible projects to receive credit assistance:
    (1) The extent to which the project is nationally or regionally
significant, with respect to the generation of economic and public
health benefits;
    (2) The likelihood that assistance under this subtitle would enable
the project to proceed at an earlier date than the project would
otherwise be able to proceed;
    (3) The extent to which the project uses new or innovative
approaches such as the use of energy efficient parts and systems, or
the use of renewable or alternate sources of energy; green
infrastructure; and the development of alternate sources of drinking
water through desalination, aquifer recharge or water recycling;
    (4) The extent to which the project protects against extreme
weather events, such as floods or hurricanes, as well as the impacts of
climate change;
    (5) The extent to which the project helps maintain or protect the
environment or public health;
    (6) The extent to which a project serves regions with significant
energy exploration, development, or production areas;
    (7) The extent to which a project serves regions with significant
water resource challenges, including the need to address water quality
concerns in areas of regional, national, or international significance;
water quantity concerns related to groundwater, surface water, or other
resources; significant flood risk; water resource challenges identified
in existing regional, state, or multistate agreements; and water
resources with exceptional recreational value or ecological importance;
    (8) The extent to which the project addresses identified municipal,
state, or regional priorities;
    (9) The readiness of the project to proceed toward development,
including a demonstration by the obligor that there is a reasonable
expectation that the contracting process for construction of the
project can commence by not later than 90 days after the date on which
a Federal credit instrument is obligated for the project under this
subtitle; and
    (10) The extent to which the project financing plan includes public
or private financing in addition to assistance under this subtitle;
    (11) The extent to which assistance under this subtitle reduces the
contribution of Federal assistance to the project;
    (12) The extent to which the project addresses needs for repair,
rehabilitation or replacement of a treatment works, community water
system, or aging water distribution or wastewater collection system;
and
    (13) The extent to which the project serves economically stressed
communities, or pockets of economically stressed rate payers within
otherwise non-economically stressed communities.
    (b) The Administrator may include additional weighted criteria in
the Notice of Funding Availability to address changing circumstances
and priorities.
    (c) In addition, 33 U.S.C. 3907(a)(1)(D)(i) conditions a project's
approval for credit assistance on receipt of a preliminary rating
opinion letter indicating that the project's senior debt obligations
have the potential to attain an investment-grade rating.

Sec.  35.10060   Term sheets and approvals.

    (a) EPA, after review and evaluation of the application, and all
other required

documents submitted by the applicant, may offer to an applicant a
written Term Sheet signed by the Administrator, including detailed
terms and conditions that must be met. The issuance of this Term Sheet
represents approval of the application for credit assistance.
    (b) To proceed to closing, the applicant must sign the Term Sheet
before the expiration date on which the terms offered will expire
unless the Administrator agrees in writing to extend the expiration
date.

Sec.  35.10065   Closing on the credit agreement.

    (a) Subsequent to the signing of the Term Sheet by the applicant,
EPA will set a closing date for execution of a credit agreement, and
provide documents articulating the conditions precedent to closing to
the applicant.
    (b) By the closing date, the applicant must have satisfied all of
the detailed terms and conditions required by EPA and all other
contractual, statutory, and regulatory requirements. If the applicant
has not satisfied all such terms and conditions by the closing date,
the Administrator may set a new closing date or rescind the approval of
the application.
    (c) If at any point following the issuance of the Term Sheet by EPA
and prior to the closing date, the terms and conditions of the
financing arrangements or the financial status of the obligor change in
a material manner from the information used to evaluate the
application, the applicant must notify EPA within the time period
specified by the Administrator, at which point the Administrator may
update the Term Sheet accordingly or rescind the approval of the
application.
    (d) The Credit Agreement and related documents will include
detailed definitions, terms, and conditions necessary and appropriate
to protect the interest of the United States over the life of the
credit assistance and in the case of default, and will be executed at
closing only after EPA has ensured that all requirements and conditions
articulated in this rule, the statute, and other relevant laws and
regulations have been satisfied.

Sec.  35.10070   Credit agreement.

    (a) Only a credit agreement executed by the Administrator can
contractually obligate EPA to provide assistance under WIFIA.
    (b) EPA is not bound by oral representations made during the letter
of interest step, or application step, or during any negotiation
process.
    (c) Except if explicitly authorized by an Act of Congress, no
Federal funds, proceeds of Federal loans, or proceeds of loans
guaranteed by the Federal Government, may be used by a borrower to pay
for credit subsidy costs, administrative fees, or other fees charged by
or paid to EPA relating to the WIFIA program.
    (d) Prior to the execution by EPA of a credit agreement, EPA must
ensure that the following requirements and conditions are satisfied:
    (1) The project qualifies as an eligible project under WIFIA;
    (2) The face value of the credit agreement is limited to no more
than 49 percent of total eligible project costs, or if credit
assistance in excess of 49% has been approved, no more than the
percentage of eligible project costs agreed upon, not to exceed 80% of
eligible project costs;
    (3) The applicant is obligated to make full repayment of the
principal and interest on the credit instrument over a period of up to
the lesser of 35 years or the useful life of the project, after
substantial completion; however, the final maturity date of a secured
loan to a State infrastructure financing authority will be not later
than 35 years after the date on which amounts are first disbursed.
    (4) If the credit instrument is a loan guarantee, the loan
guarantee does not finance, either directly or indirectly, tax-exempt
debt obligations, consistent with the requirements of section 149(b) of
the Internal Revenue Code;
    (5) The amount of the credit agreement, when combined with other
funds committed to the project, will be sufficient to carry out the
project, including adequate contingency funds;
    (6) The applicant has pledged project assets and other collateral
or surety, including non-project-related assets, determined by EPA to
be necessary to secure the repayment of the credit agreement;
    (7) The credit agreement and related documents include detailed
terms and conditions necessary and appropriate to protect the interest
of the United States in the case of default;
    (8) The credit agreement is not subordinate to any loan or other
debt obligation in the event of bankruptcy, insolvency, or liquidation
of the obligor of the project;
    (9) There is satisfactory evidence that the applicant is willing,
competent, and capable of performing the terms and conditions of the
credit agreement, and will diligently pursue the project;
    (10) The applicant has taken and is obligated to continue to take
those actions necessary to perfect and maintain liens on assets which
are pledged as security for the credit agreement;
    (11) EPA or its representatives have access to the project site at
all reasonable times in order to monitor the performance of the
project;
    (12) EPA and the applicant have reached an agreement as to the
information that will be made available to EPA and the information that
will be made publicly available;
    (13) The applicant has filed applications for or obtained any
required regulatory approvals for the project and is in compliance, or
promptly will be in compliance, where appropriate, with all Federal,
State, and local regulatory requirements;
    (14) The applicant has no delinquent federal debt, including tax
liabilities, unless the delinquency has been resolved with the
appropriate federal agency in accordance with the standards of the Debt
Collection Improvement Act of 1996;
    (15) The credit agreement and related agreements contain such other
terms and conditions as EPA deems reasonable and necessary to protect
the interests of the United States, including without limitation
provisions for (i) such collateral and other credit support for the
credit agreement, and (ii) such collateral sharing, priorities and
voting rights among creditors and other intercreditor arrangements as,
in each case, EPA deems reasonable and necessary to protect the
interests of the United States; and
    (e) The credit agreement must contain audit provisions which
provide, in substance, as follows:
    (1) The applicant must keep such records concerning the project as
are necessary to facilitate an effective and accurate audit and
performance evaluation of the project; and
    (2) EPA and the Inspector General, or their duly authorized
representatives, must have access, for the purpose of audit and
examination, to any pertinent books, documents, papers, and records of
the applicant. Examination of records may be made during the regular
business hours of the applicant, or at any other time mutually
convenient.

Sec.  35.10075   Reporting requirements.

    At a minimum, any recipient of Federal credit assistance under this
part shall submit an annual project performance report and audited
financial statements to EPA within no more than 180 days following the
recipient's fiscal year-end for each year during which the recipient's
obligation to the Federal Government remains in effect. EPA may conduct
periodic financial and compliance audits of the

recipient of credit assistance, as determined necessary by EPA. The
specific credit agreement between the recipient of credit assistance
and EPA may contain additional reporting requirements.

[FR Doc. 2016-30194 Filed 12-16-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P