Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1989 1990 1 1991 2 1992 3 1993 4 1994 5 1995 6 1996 7 1997 8 1998 9 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Office of Economic Opportunity39 ..........                     Head Start40 ....................................                     Other elementary and secondary programs41 ...............................                     Job Corps42 .....................................                     Youth Corps and other training programs43 ...............................                     Volunteers in Service to America ( VISTA) 44 .................................                     Other programs Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia .............. 85,510 86,579 103,697 109,894 120,759 86,627 66,871 62,968 85,000 96,000 Postsecondary education programs .......... $ 13,269,888 $ 13,650,915 $ 14,707,406 $ 14,387,386 $ 17,844,015 $ 16,177,051 $ 17,618,137 $ 15,775,507 $ 15,959,426 $ 15,989,999 Department of Education10 ............................. 10,640,044 11,175,978 12,002,766 11,323,584 14,660,704 12,871,390 14,234,000 12,257,553 12,377,033 12,406,056 Student financial assistance45 ............... 5,859,774 5,920,328 6,333,839 7,071,440 7,678,293 7,118,034 7,047,000 6,861,599 7,247,288 8,352,775 Federal Direct Student Loan Program46         10,000 148,247 840,000 594,761 659,521 941,029 Federal Family Education Loan Program47 ....................................... 3,899,387 4,372,446 4,781,918 3,253,648 5,554,920 4,509,696 5,190,000 3,663,956 3,313,835 1,967,843 Higher education .................................... 606,849 659,492 615,372 718,406 1,041,583 796,278 871,000 846,517 876,944 855,672 Facilities   loans and insurance23 .......... 10,182 19,219 34,805 25,984   2,976   5,605   6,000 8,837 787   1,124 College housing loans 23,48 ....................   31,299   57,167   33,249   39,907   28,355   18,434   46,000   34,815   42,697   32,028 Educational activities overseas23 ........... 374 82   47               Historically Black Colleges and Universities Capital Financing, Program Account49 .........................           129   323 150 130 Gallaudet College and Howard University .......................................... 258,519 230,327 233,209 263,497 353,390 280,945 292,000 273,904 278,373 279,881 National Technical Institute for the Deaf50 ....................................... 36,258 31,251 36,919 30,516 53,849 42,100 46,000 42,471 42,832 41,878 Department of Agriculture ............................... 27,799 31,273 32,302 34,238 32,730 25,472 33,373 32,872 32,639 32,639 Agriculture Extension Service, Second Morrill Act payments to agricultural and mechanical colleges and Tuskegee Institute51 ........................ 27,799 31,273 32,302 34,238 32,730 25,472 33,373 32,872 32,639 32,639 Department of Commerce .............................. 2,765 3,312 4,334 3,270 3,549 4,000 3,487 3,384 3,429 3,429 Sea Grant Program52 ............................. 2,765 3,312 4,334 3,270 3,549 4,000 3,487 3,384 3,429 3,429 Merchant Marine Academy53 .................                     State marine schools53 ..........................                     Department of Defense54 ............................... 746,464 635,769 665,059 680,194 696,800 679,000 729,500 864,900 913,554 923,462 Tuition assistance for military personnel 236,089 95,300 92,800 102,400 123,400 130,200 127,000 260,300 271,892 275,433 Service academies56 .............................. 115,150 120,613 132,487 125,146 128,000 141,500 163,300 171,700 183,726 191,438 Senior R. O. T. C. ...................................... 198,325 193,056 198,072 193,348 184,100 195,300 219,400 218,200 228,593 225,377 Professional development education57 .. 196,900 226,800 241,700 259,300 261,300 212,000 219,800 214,700 229,343 231,214 Department of Energy16 ................................. 15,062 25,502 30,851 34,373 17,654 17,951 28,027       University laboratory cooperative program ........................................... 5,929 9,402 19,330 19,100 4,000 3,600 8,552       Teacher development projects58 ............                     Graduate traineeship programs 23,59 ......                     Energy conservation for buildings   higher education17 .......................... 6,493 7,459 7,411 9,573 6,654 8,051 7,381       Minority honors vocational training60 ..... 720                   Honors research program60 ................... 820 6,472 1,000 1,000 1,000 900 2,221       Students and teachers61 ........................ 1,100 2,169 3,110 4,700 6,000 5,400 9,873       Department of Health and Human Services18 542,796 578,542 697,385 743,456 720,911 795,914 796,035 798,596 801,884 793,072 Health professions training programs62 223,811 230,600 271,937 305,829 299,785 305,549 298,302 273,519 313,672 291,079 Indian health manpower63 ...................... 5,972 9,508 13,379 19,460 26,100 26,398 27,000 26,000 28,000 29,000 National Health Service Corps scholarships .................................... 6,531 4,759 48,795 58,706 33,323 79,250 78,206 28,847 30,000 30,000 National Institutes of Health training grants64 ........................................... 255,558 241,356 268,492 348,034 350,804 372,698 380,502 457,000 416,992 429,820 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health training grants ............... 10,095 10,461 10,472 10,972 10,472 11,622 11,660 12,898 12,923 12,948 Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs65 ......................... 40,301 81,353 83,829               Health teaching facilities ........................ 528 505 481 455 427 397 365 332 297 225 Social Security postsecondary students' benefits66 .........................................                     Department of Housing and Urban Development23 .......................................                     College housing loans 23,48 ....................                     Department of the Interior .............................. 123,529 135,480 141,523 140,266 132,916 156,734 159,054 132,478 165,611 167,832 Shared revenues, Mineral Leasing Act and other receipts   estimated education share ............................... 64,669 69,980 74,430 68,982 61,566 79,815 82,810 59,020 89,310 86,190 Indian programs: Continuing education67 ................... 28,424 34,911 36,875 38,970 39,840 43,184 43,907 47,173 49,820 52,118 Higher education scholarships ........ 30,436 30,589 30,218 32,315 31,510 33,735 32,337 26,285 26,481 29,524 Department of State ....................................... 4,422 2,167 6,396 9,057 10,211 7,842 3,000 2,000     Educational exchange68 .........................                     Mutual educational and cultural exchange activities ...................                     International educational exchange activities ...................                     Russian, Eurasian, and East European Research and Training69 ................ 4,422 2,167 6,396 9,057 10,211 7,842 3,000 2,000     404 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 361.   Federal on budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of current dollars]

Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1965 1970 1975 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Department of Transportation27 .....................   11,197 11,885 12,530 46,177 57,245 55,569 44,074 47,226 44,998 Merchant Marine Academy53 .................         23,211 18,739 19,898 19,505 20,476 20,579 State marine schools70 ..........................         9,383 23,733 19,777 8,363 12,073 7,961 Coast Guard Academy28 ........................   9,342 9,780 10,000 10,329 11,364 11,857 11,845 10,086 10,810 Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers71 ..........................................   1,655 1,855 2,230 2,891 2,959 3,499 3,807 3,978 5,084 Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel28 .........................   200 250 300 363 450 538 554 613 564 Department of the Treasury ........................... 8,208   268,605 296,750             General revenue sharing   estimated state share to higher education 29,30     268,605 296,750             Coast Guard Academy28 ........................ 6,815                   Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers71 .......................................... 1,293                   Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel28 ......................... 100                   Department of Veterans Affairs31 ................... 55,650 693,490 3,029,600 1,803,847 1,292,885 1,092,609 944,091 803,166 764,561 768,090 Vietnam era veterans: 72 ......................... 33,950 638,260 2,840,600 1,579,974 1,077,391 861,310 694,217 514,476 411,967 345,242 College student support ..................       1,560,081 1,052,859 839,135 679,953 504,290 403,527 337,568 Work study ......................................       19,893 24,532 22,175 14,264 10,186 8,440 7,674 Service persons college support73 .........   18,900 74,690 46,617 36,054 38,896 35,630 30,707 28,410 33,472 Post Vietnam veterans74 ........................       922 24,871 52,241 82,554 121,929 171,752 203,262 All volunteer force educational assistance: 75 ...................................             196 24,171 45,688 73,731 Veterans76 .......................................               2 107 8,386 Reservists77 ....................................             196 24,169 45,581 65,345 Veteran dependents' education78 .......... 21,700 36,330 114,310 176,334 154,569 140,162 131,494 111,883 106,744 100,883 Payments to state education agencies79                   11,500 Other agencies Appalachian Regional Commission36 ....   4,105 2,545 1,751       1,950 30 1,050 National Endowment for the Humanities38 ...................................   3,349 25,320 56,451 48,457 52,359 49,098 42,346 48,679 47,601 National Science Foundation ................. 27,170 42,000 60,283 64,583 50,126 29,746 60,069 74,151 85,494 97,466 Science and engineering education programs .................................. 27,170 37,000 60,283 64,583 50,126 29,746 60,069 74,151 85,494 97,466 Sea Grant Program52 ......................   5,000                 United States Information Agency80 ...... 7,512 8,423 9,405 51,095 69,298 64,394 124,041 148,483 162,897 166,705 Educational and cultural affairs68 ...       49,546 68,041 17,414 21,079 23,008 24,313 29,724 Educational and cultural exchange programs81 ...............................           45,570 101,529 125,246 138,039 136,646 Educational exchange activities, international ..............................       1,549 1,257 1,410 1,433 229 545 335 Information center and library activities82 ................................ 7,512 8,423 9,405               Other programs Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation83 ...................................                     Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia .............. 1,895 5,513 10,564 13,143 16,523 17,513 15,266 14,351 17,310 14,566 Harry S Truman Scholarship fund 23,84 ..         1,895 1,795 1,929 1,332 2,441 2,717 2,815 Institute of American Indian and Alaskan Native Culture and Arts Development85 .................................                     James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation86 ...................................                   13,200 Other education programs .......................... $ 374,652 $ 964,719 $ 1,608,478 $ 1,548,730 $ 2,204,147 $ 2,710,402 $ 2,107,588 $ 2,620,021 $ 2,820,407 $ 2,981,571 Department of Education10 ............................. 182,021 630,235 1,045,659 747,706 1,326,271 1,813,128 1,173,055 1,674,171 1,825,754 1,938,998 Administration ......................................... 17,732 47,456 108,372 187,317 247,966 307,447 284,900 263,216 285,296 295,615 Libraries87 ............................................... 26,111 108,284 225,810 129,127 124,451 87,059 85,650 96,406 129,062 101,202 Rehabilitative services and disability research .......................................... 137,313 473,091 709,483 426,886 948,650 1,414,396 798,298 1,311,485 1,405,357 1,536,905 American Printing House for the Blind ... 865 1,404 1,994 4,349 5,174 4,054 4,230 3,031 5,989 5,234 Trust funds and contributions23 .............       27 30 172   23 33 50 42 Department of Agriculture ............................... 87,551 135,637 220,395 271,112 322,430 327,123 336,375 322,599 330,866 342,523 Extension Service ................................... 85,924 131,734 215,523 263,584 312,413 317,099 325,986 311,132 322,095 330,164 National Agricultural Library ................... 1,627 3,903 4,872 7,528 10,017 10,024 10,389 11,467 8,771 12,359 Department of Commerce .............................. 251 1,226 2,317 2,479             Maritime Administration: Training for private sector employees53 ............................. 251 1,226 2,317 2,479             Department of Health and Human Services18 3,953 24,273 31,653 37,819 44,899 48,876 47,195 59,306 59,770 62,060 National Library of Medicine .................. 3,953 24,273 31,653 37,819 44,899 48,876 47,195 59,306 59,770 62,060 Department of Housing and Urban Development .......................................... 512                   Urban mass transportation   managerial training grants88 .............................. 512                   Department of Justice ..................................... 3,850 5,546 42,818 27,642 31,082 23,723 25,517 27,412 26,293 26,361 F. B. I. National Academy ........................ 1,850 2,066 5,100 7,234 8,832 4,285 4,189 3,946 4,408 5,385 F. B. I. Field Police Academy ................... 1,450 2,500 5,254 7,715 8,792 8,069 10,220 9,756 8,984 9,995 Narcotics and dangerous drug training .. 550 980 1,152 2,416 1,740 63 83 68   142 National Institute of Corrections89 ..........     31,312 10,277 11,718 11,306 11,025 13,642 12,901 10,839 Department of State ....................................... 10,780 20,672 28,113 25,000 23,784 23,086 23,791 23,371 23,856 33,308 Foreign Service Institute ........................ 6,395 15,857 20,750 25,000 23,784 23,086 23,791 23,371 23,856 33,308 Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange68 .................................. 4,385 4,815 7,363               405 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 361.   Federal on budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of current dollars]

Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1989 1990 1 1991 2 1992 3 1993 4 1994 5 1995 6 1996 7 1997 8 1998 9 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Department of Transportation27 ..................... 63,559 46,025 50,459 57,239 57,576 59,940 59,257 53,518 58,337 59,328 Merchant Marine Academy53 ................. 20,611 20,926 22,855 27,007 26,788 30,241 30,850 31,000 31,000 32,000 State marine schools70 .......................... 26,062 8,269 8,829 11,072 10,320 10,270 8,980 7,000 7,000 7,000 Coast Guard Academy28 ........................ 11,740 12,074 12,074 13,071 13,602 13,103 13,500 9,553 13,918 13,965 Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers71 .......................................... 4,621 4,173 6,060 5,788 6,306 6,026 5,513 5,511 5,519 5,363 Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel28 ......................... 525 582 641 301 560 300 414 454 900 1,000 Department of the Treasury ...........................                     General revenue sharing   estimated state share to higher education 29,30                     Coast Guard Academy28 ........................                     Postgraduate training for Coast Guard officers71 ..........................................                     Tuition assistance to Coast Guard military personnel28 .........................                     Department of Veterans Affairs31 ................... 725,270 599,825 614,449 854,480 919,991 1,043,709 1,010,114 1,074,713 992,665 1,024,776 Vietnam era veterans: 72 ......................... 264,702 46,998                 College student support .................. 258,982 39,458                 Work study ...................................... 5,720 7,540                 Service persons college support73 ......... 34,399 8,911                 Post Vietnam veterans74 ........................ 195,142 161,475 118,139 88,500 65,894 48,114 33,596 44,387 16,279 11,731 All volunteer force educational assistance: 75 ................................... 122,222 269,947 380,720 650,540 745,786 886,951 868,394 922,807 863,906 898,759 Veterans76 ....................................... 43,423 183,765 303,861 530,820 626,669 769,481 760,390 809,336 781,296 807,533 Reservists77 .................................... 78,799 86,182 76,859 119,720 119,117 117,470 108,004 113,471 82,610 91,226 Veteran dependents' education78 .......... 96,805 100,494 103,590 103,440 96,311 96,644 95,124 94,519 99,480 101,286 Payments to state education agencies79 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 Other agencies Appalachian Regional Commission36 .... 825   92 1,487 1,587 3,413 2,741 2,704 2,981 3,100 National Endowment for the Humanities38 ................................... 51,449 50,938 55,861 58,512 57,804 58,404 56,481 30,896 25,792 20,505 National Science Foundation ................. 130,187 161,884 191,661 210,375 246,591 225,168 211,800 262,000 355,000 358,000 Science and engineering education programs .................................. 130,187 161,884 191,661 210,375 246,591 225,168 211,800 262,000 355,000 358,000 Sea Grant Program52 ......................                     United States Information Agency80 ...... 164,807 181,172 185,905 207,676 256,068 200,429 260,800 239,400 204,800 172,000 Educational and cultural affairs68 ... 21,596 35,862 35,714 38,858 44,183 28,927 13,600 17,000 12,000   Educational and cultural exchange programs81 ............................... 143,194 145,307 150,183 168,818 211,885 171,502 247,200 222,400 192,800 172,000 Educational exchange activities, international .............................. 17 3 8               Information center and library activities82 ................................                     Other programs Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation83 ................................... 753 1,033 1,941 2,900 3,023 2,789 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia .............. 14,207 14,637 17,477 16,382 14,247 8,896 9,468 6,494 11,700 12,800 Harry S Truman Scholarship fund 23,84 .. 2,851 2,883 2,968 2,401 2,894 2,323 3,000 3,000 3,000 4,000 Institute of American Indian and Alaskan Native Culture and Arts Development85 ................................. 3,094 4,305 5,447 6,612 7,462 12,213 13,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation86 ................................... 10,005 191 531 885 1,298 1,464 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 Other education programs .......................... $ 3,180,334 $ 3,383,031 $ 3,698,617 $ 3,991,955 $ 4,107,193 $ 4,483,704 $ 4,719,655 $ 4,828,038 $ 5,021,163 $ 5,171,360 Department of Education10 ............................. 2,071,574 2,251,801 2,419,277 2,579,883 2,526,372 2,795,984 2,861,000 3,085,587 2,882,329 2,961,776 Administration ......................................... 301,260 328,293 365,681 368,420 353,545 403,877 404,000 502,949 412,629 437,080 Libraries87 ............................................... 140,398 137,264 142,596 214,928 181,219 142,223 117,000 167,585     Rehabilitative services and disability research .......................................... 1,623,255 1,780,360 1,902,338 1,991,875 1,983,848 2,244,226 2,333,000 2,410,178 2,462,236 2,515,356 American Printing House for the Blind ... 6,645 5,736 8,242 4,587 7,774 5,636 7,000 4,693 7,308 9,220 Trust funds and contributions23 ............. 16 148 420 73 14 22   182 156 120 Department of Agriculture ............................... 347,021 352,511 382,343 400,442 443,650 426,316 422,878 412,878 413,634 408,737 Extension Service ................................... 333,571 337,907 366,176 385,087 424,928 409,110 405,371 394,878 393,634 390,737 National Agricultural Library ................... 13,450 14,604 16,167 15,355 18,722 17,206 17,507 18,000 20,000 18,000 Department of Commerce ..............................                     Maritime Administration: Training for private sector employees53 .............................                     Department of Health and Human Services18 71,912 77,962 89,094 97,643 96,860 107,896 138,000 117,000 144,000 155,000 National Library of Medicine .................. 71,912 77,962 89,094 97,643 96,860 107,896 138,000 117,000 144,000 155,000 Department of Housing and Urban Development ..........................................                     Urban mass transportation   managerial training grants88 ..............................                     Department of Justice ..................................... 23,906 26,920 30,543 34,525 37,028 34,065 36,296 35,072 46,055 39,821 F. B. I. National Academy ........................ 5,513 6,028 6,368 10,631 14,388 10,311 12,831 14,411 22,260 18,699 F. B. I. Field Police Academy ................... 7,673 10,548 12,700 12,578 10,563 11,790 11,140 10,277 11,375 8,902 Narcotics and dangerous drug training .. 824 850 1,180 695 230 275 325 384 420 220 National Institute of Corrections89 .......... 9,896 9,494 10,295 10,621 11,847 11,689 12,000 10,000 12,000 12,000 Department of State ....................................... 40,157 47,539 41,790 44,086 58,840 46,557 51,648 53,330 49,378 55,428 Foreign Service Institute ........................ 40,157 47,539 41,790 44,086 58,840 46,557 51,648 53,330 49,378 55,428 Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange68 ..................................                     406 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 361.   Federal on budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of current dollars]

Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1965 1970 1975 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Department of Transportation27 .....................   3,964 11,877 10,212 6,175 4,781 3,785 1,865 2,895 3,153 Highways training and education grants90 ................................................   2,418 3,250 3,412 3,527 2,050 1,500   1,000 1,416 Maritime Administration: Training for private sector employees53 .............................         1,448 1,381 1,135 1,143 1,291 1,517 Urban mass transportation   managerial training grants88 ..............................   1,546 2,627 500 1,200 1,350 1,150 722 604 220 Federal Aviation Administration91 Air traffic controllers second career program92 .................................     6,000 6,300             Department of the Treasury ...........................   18 3,096 14,584 13,334 14,327 16,160 15,982 19,110 32,768 Federal Law Enforcement Training Center93 ............................................   18 3,096 14,584 13,334 14,327 16,160 15,982 19,110 32,768 Other agencies ACTION94 ...............................................     7,045 2,833 1,830 4,975 1,761 1,368 3,368 4,110 Estimated education funds95 ..........     7,045 2,833 1,830 4,975 1,761 1,368 3,368 4,110 Agency for International Development ... 63,329 88,034 78,896 99,707 130,257 127,383 141,847 154,627 186,175 193,115 Education and human resources .... 53,968 61,570 58,349 80,518 109,624 101,408 115,104 126,132 152,332 160,051 American schools and hospitals abroad ...................................... 9,361 26,464 20,547 19,189 20,633 25,975 26,743 28,495 33,843 33,064 Appalachian Regional Commission35 ....   572 1,574 8,124 98 330 113   92   Corporation for National and Community Service94 .........................................                     Estimated education funds95 ..........                     Federal Emergency Management Agency96 .........................................   290 290 281 390 351 405 290 290 290 Estimated architect/ engineer student development program97 ...........   40 40 31 90 71 155 40 40 40 Estimated other training programs98   250 250 250 300 280 250 250 250 250 Estimated disaster relief99 ..............                     General Services Administration100 Libraries and other archival activities ..................................... 4,013 14,775 22,532 34,800 44,200 50,894         Institute of Museum and Library Services87 .......................................                     Japanese United States Friendship Commission101 ................................       2,294 2,364 1,611 2,236 235 3,225 2,274 Library of Congress ................................ 15,111 29,478 63,766 151,871 154,198 164,080 169,310 166,130 160,835 160,505 Salaries and expenses .................... 11,421 20,700 48,798 102,364 122,823 127,935 130,354 126,747 124,878 122,356 Books for the blind and the physically handicapped ............ 2,317 6,195 11,908 31,436 26,116 30,739 32,954 35,460 33,813 36,245 Special foreign currency program ... 1,187 2,273 2,333 3,492 3,578 3,745 4,621 2,372 809 405 Furniture and furnishings ................ 186 310 727 14,579 1,681 1,661 1,381 1,551 1,335 1,499 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aerospace education services project ........................................ 100 350 600 882 1,323 1,628 1,800 1,900 2,250 2,400 National Archives and Records Administration102 Libraries and other archival activities ...................................             52,118 55,252 59,521 65,153 National Commission on Libraries and Information Science103 ....................     449 2,090 681 733 723 781 512 522 National Endowment for the Arts37 ........   340 1,068 231 632 819 1,137 1,128 1,295 1,200 National Endowment for the Humanities38 ....................................   5,090 38,486 85,805 74,348 74,750 76,252 78,319 75,376 76,803 Smithsonian Institution ........................... 2,233 2,461 5,509 5,153 6,073 5,758 7,886 6,191 6,545 5,393 Museum programs and related research ................................... 2,133 2,261 4,203 3,254 3,365 2,642 4,665 2,341 2,506 1,223 National Gallery of Art extension service ...................................... 100 200 300 426 617 692 675 662 731 656 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars ..................     1,006 1,473 2,091 2,424 2,546 3,188 3,308 3,514 U. S. Information Agency   Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange68 ............................       15,115 17,258 19,374 18,966 20,531 16,756 22,759 U. S. Institute of Peace104 .......................               230 4,083 3,476 Other programs: Estimated education share of federal aid for the District of Columbia ............. 948 1,758 2,335 2,990 2,520 2,672 7,156 8,333 11,540 4,400 Research programs at universities and related institutions105 ............................ $ 1,816,276 $ 2,283,641 $ 3,418,410 $ 5,801,204 $ 7,233,806 $ 7,938,550 $ 8,844,575 $ 9,009,351 $ 10,538,606 $ 11,250,464 Department of Education106 ................... 13,248 87,823 82,770 78,742 59,580 159,550 28,809 68,983 60,912 42,379 Department of Agriculture ...................... 58,362 64,796 108,162 216,405 275,027 279,200 293,252 273,698 279,943 304,888 Department of Commerce ...................... 4,015 4,487 21,677 48,295 51,460 52,600 52,951 62,406 36,835 36,133 Department of Defense .......................... 436,912 356,188 364,929 644,455 1,112,212 1,072,500 1,245,888 1,382,795 1,754,456 1,899,680 Department of Energy ............................ 439,334 548,327 761,376 1,470,224 1,861,112 2,001,400 2,205,316 2,141,955 2,225,513 2,350,426 Department of Health and Human Services ........................................... 474,362 623,765 1,273,037 2,087,053 2,448,899 2,750,700 3,228,014 3,309,708 3,983,407 4,282,117 Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................................   510 2,650 5,314 2,158 2,000 438 342 463 51 Department of the Interior ...................... 9,839 18,521 28,955 42,175 28,616 36,500 34,422 36,440 33,353 35,103 Department of Justice ............................   1,945 8,902 9,189 7,156 6,800 5,168 5,095 8,991 6,365 Department of Labor ..............................   3,567 6,124 12,938 6,392 4,800 3,417 341 432 5,528 Department of State ...............................   8,220 10,973 188 29   29 30 432 1,243 Department of Transportation ................   12,328 28,478 31,910 29,722 21,800 22,621 20,215 25,184 16,933 Department of the Treasury ...................       226 238 300 388 190 169   Department of Veterans Affairs .............. 337 518 1,112 1,600 800 500 1,000 1,000 2,251 2,300 407 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 361.   Federal on budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of current dollars]

Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1989 1990 1 1991 2 1992 3 1993 4 1994 5 1995 6 1996 7 1997 8 1998 9 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Department of Transportation27 ..................... 4,415 1,507 2,022 2,419 500 500 650 700 750 725 Highways training and education grants90 ................................................ 1,416   1,371 1,945             Maritime Administration: Training for private sector employees53 ............................. 1,499 1,507 651 474 500 500 650 700 750 725 Urban mass transportation   managerial training grants88 .............................. 1,500                   Federal Aviation Administration91 Air traffic controllers second career program92 .................................                     Department of the Treasury ........................... 39,100 41,488 60,127 51,694 56,779 61,992 48,000 59,000 51,000 73,000 Federal Law Enforcement Training Center93 ............................................ 39,100 41,488 60,127 51,694 56,779 61,992 48,000 59,000 51,000 73,000 Other agencies ACTION94 ............................................... 4,800 8,472 11,321 8,600             Estimated education funds95 .......... 4,800 8,472 11,321 8,600             Agency for International Development ... 182,839 170,371 154,021 212,220 215,248 241,948 260,408 307,000 355,600 347,700 Education and human resources .... 146,915 142,801 122,231 195,570 190,020 221,988 248,408 302,000 348,600 344,700 American schools and hospitals abroad ...................................... 35,924 27,570 31,790 16,650 25,228 19,960 12,000 5,000 7,000 3,000 Appalachian Regional Commission35 .... 175   25 938 1,005 4,299 5,709 2,756 1,666 1,750 Corporation for National and Community Service94 .........................................         8,500 93,250 214,600 279,000 361,000 374,000 Estimated education funds95 ..........         8,500 93,250 214,600 279,000 361,000 374,000 Federal Emergency Management Agency96 ......................................... 77 215 33 261 76,467 85,200 170,400 7,500 95,661 50,000 Estimated architect/ engineer student development program97 ........... 50 200 28 250 375           Estimated other training programs98 27 15 5 11 92           Estimated disaster relief99 ..............         76,000 85,200 170,400 7,500 95,661 50,000 General Services Administration100 Libraries and other archival activities .....................................                     Institute of Museum and Library Services87 .......................................                 135,000 192,000 Japanese United States Friendship Commission101 ................................ 3,004 2,299 1,377 1,610 1,503 1,585 2,000 2,000 1,000 2,000 Library of Congress ................................ 177,954 189,827 279,745 296,044 311,453 312,724 241,000 252,000 261,000 277,000 Salaries and expenses .................... 137,637 148,985 239,429 252,623 260,918 261,814 198,000 201,000 208,000 223,000 Books for the blind and the physically handicapped ............ 38,233 37,473 36,878 38,688 45,261 46,600 39,000 47,000 46,000 47,000 Special foreign currency program ... 99 10 10 10 30           Furniture and furnishings ................ 1,985 3,359 3,428 4,723 5,244 4,310 4,000 4,000 7,000 7,000 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aerospace education services project ........................................ 2,300 3,300 5,900 6,100 6,500 6,100 5,923 5,927 5,926 6,119 National Archives and Records Administration102 Libraries and other archival activities ................................... 86,266 77,397 81,462 99,412 106,975 110,411 105,172 104,536 110,541 114,864 National Commission on Libraries and Information Science103 .................... 839 3,281 3,447 1,437 867 724 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 National Endowment for the Arts37 ........ 1,193 936 1,628 3,286 2,784 2,221 2,304 518 2,840 2,306 National Endowment for the Humanities38 .................................... 84,929 89,706 93,381 99,782 100,826 98,786 94,249 62,362 68,667 72,350 Smithsonian Institution ........................... 5,880 5,779 5,906 6,578 7,828 10,059 9,961 9,908 7,669 7,684 Museum programs and related research ................................... 870 690 440 93 1,165 3,060 3,190 3,180 1,000 1,000 National Gallery of Art extension service ...................................... 650 474 641 793 763 816 771 728 669 684 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars .................. 4,360 4,615 4,825 5,692 5,900 6,183 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 U. S. Information Agency   Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange68 ............................ 20,714 20,375 22,276 29,550 31,991 30,064 34,000 18,000 15,000 15,000 U. S. Institute of Peace104 ....................... 7,232 7,621 8,238 11,350 10,468 10,794 12,000 11,000 11,000 12,000 Other programs: Estimated education share of federal aid for the District of Columbia 4,047 3,724 4,661 4,095 4,749 2,229 2,457 964 446 1,100 Research programs at universities and related institutions105 ............................ $ 12,009,825 $ 12,606,035 $ 13,775,422 $ 14,176,863 $ 14,955,083 $ 15,289,094 $ 15,677,919 $ 16,332,315 $ 16,677,273 $ 17,097,344 Department of Education106 ................... 90,314 89,483 103,931 154,800 232,165 276,838 279,000 310,895 339,994 580,484 Department of Agriculture ...................... 314,294 348,109 385,836 437,967 436,187 438,537 434,544 427,222 516,620 417,909 Department of Commerce ...................... 44,821 50,523 62,870 77,240 70,805 81,423 85,442 85,283 79,242 71,769 Department of Defense .......................... 1,940,308 1,871,864 1,789,112 2,070,959 2,002,572 2,010,414 1,853,955 1,663,671 1,452,806 1,364,800 Department of Energy ............................ 2,536,065 2,520,885 2,692,335 2,867,528 2,763,515 2,642,094 2,651,641 3,035,169 3,150,530 3,170,735 Department of Health and Human Services ........................................... 4,549,261 4,902,714 5,686,354 5,210,711 5,952,976 6,348,736 6,418,969 6,784,856 7,210,209 7,422,065 Department of Housing and Urban Development ................................... 186 118 48 203 401 856 1,613 1,771 1,325 1,398 Department of the Interior ...................... 39,556 49,790 58,537 57,449 54,049 54,157 50,618 46,310 50,709 51,479 Department of Justice ............................ 5,700 6,858 6,060 4,986 3,496 3,886 7,204 9,515 8,487 20,800 Department of Labor .............................. 5,590 5,893 5,548 1,169 600 4,250 10,114 5,862 267 139 Department of State ............................... 1,269 1,519 900 200   15 23   15 15 Department of Transportation ................ 22,826 28,608 21,187 35,015 57,789 62,606 75,847 51,956 60,063 54,881 Department of the Treasury ................... 411 227 229 85 133 1,309 1,496 145 85 2,496 Department of Veterans Affairs .............. 2,300 2,300 2,300 2,491 2,550 2,350 2,500 1,720 1,852 1,614 408 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 361.   Federal on budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of current dollars]

Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1965 1970 1975 1980 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ACTION ..................................................     36               Agency for International Development ...       77,063 43,372 109,600 56,960 44,302 54,652 49,535 Corporation for National and Community Service ............................................                     Environmental Protection Agency ..........   19,446 33,875 41,083 43,557 43,700 60,521 69,718 67,465 58,053 Federal Emergency Management Agency ..............................................       1,665 805   1,423       National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................. 208,688 258,016 197,301 254,629 366,440 352,900 485,824 489,048 785,141 897,497 National Science Foundation ................. 154,046 253,628 475,011 743,809 857,791 1,006,000 1,087,046 1,073,122 1,184,921 1,232,054 Nuclear Regulatory Commission ............     7,093 32,590 37,987 36,400 30,261 27,472 29,176 25,676 Office of Economic Opportunity ............. 7,078 20,035                 U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency .................................................   100   661 157   395 276 3,244 2,633 U. S. Information Agency ........................               1,500     Other agencies ....................................... 10,055 1,421 5,949 990 296 1,300 432 715 1,666 1,870 Footnotes 1 Excludes $ 4,440,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare in the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Is not included in the total because data before fiscal year 1990 are not available. This program has existed since Medicare began, but was not available as a separate budget item until FY 90. 2 Excludes $ 4,900,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 3 Excludes $ 5,350,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 4 Excludes $ 5,710,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 5 Excludes $ 6,150,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 6 Excludes $ 7,510,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 7 Excludes $ 8,010,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 8 Excludes $ 8,700,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 9 Estimated. Excludes $ 9,460,000,000 for federal support for medical education benefits under Medicare. See footnote 1. 10 The U. S. Department of Education was created in May 1980. It formerly was the Office of Education in the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 11 Section VI was funded by the U. S. Department of Education in FYs 65   81 in the Impact Aid program. This program provides for the education of dependents of federal employees residing on federal property in cases where free public education is unavailable in the nearby community. 12 This program creates a national framework for education reform and meeting the National Education Goals. This program includes the School To Work Opportunities program which will initiate a national system to be administered jointly by the U. S. Departments of Education and Labor. Both departments are to establish a national framework within which all states can create statewide systems to help youth acquire the knowledge, skills, abilities, and labor market information they need to make an effective transition from school to work or to further their education or training. 13 Starting in FY 94, the Special Milk program was included in the Child Nutrition program. 14 These commodities are purchased under Section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935, for use in the child nutrition programs. 15 This program assisted in the construction of public facilities, such as vocational schools, through grants or loans. No funds have been appropriated for this account since FY 77, and it was completely phased out in FY 84. 16 The U. S. Department of Energy was created in 1977. It formerly was the Energy Research and Development Administration and before that the Atomic Energy Commission. No funds were designated for any of the education programs listed on this table in FYs 96 and 97. 17 This program was established in 1979. Funds were first appropriated for this program in FY 80. 18 The U. S. Department of Health and Human Services was part of the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare until May 1980. 19 The Head Start program was formerly in the Office of Economic Opportunity, and funds were appropriated to the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Child Development beginning in 1972. 20 This program was created by the Family Support Act of 1988. It provides funds for the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training program. 21 After age 18, benefits terminate at the end of the school term or in 3 months, whichever is less. 409 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 361.   Federal on budget funds for education, by level or other educational purpose, by agency and program: Fiscal years 1965 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of current dollars]

Level or educational purpose, by agency and program 1989 1990 1 1991 2 1992 3 1993 4 1994 5 1995 6 1996 7 1997 8 1998 9 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ACTION ..................................................                     Agency for International Development ... 45,025 79,415 54,997 32,979 27,659 24,634 30,172 17,900 11,520 15,730 Corporation for National and Community Service ............................................                     Environmental Protection Agency .......... 64,517 87,481 62,753 152,012 124,500 98,241 125,721 75,744 82,220 90,360 Federal Emergency Management Agency ..............................................                     National Aeronautics and Space Administration .................................. 976,478 1,090,003 1,270,070 1,377,322 1,367,542 1,412,665 1,751,977 1,754,565 1,652,216 1,698,967 National Science Foundation ................. 1,342,648 1,427,007 1,546,810 1,664,697 1,833,563 1,805,856 1,874,395 2,041,485 2,040,037 2,115,321 Nuclear Regulatory Commission ............ 25,690 42,328 23,860 27,418 22,934 20,227 22,188 16,828 16,141 13,432 Office of Economic Opportunity .............                     U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency ................................................. 1,619 25 69 100 25           U. S. Information Agency ........................                     Other agencies ....................................... 947 885 1,616 1,532 1,622   500 1,418 2,935 2,950 Footnotes   Continued 22 This program provides funding for supplemental programs for eligible Indian students in public schools. 23 Negative amounts occur when program receipts exceed outlays 24 This program finances the cost of academic, social, and occupational education courses for inmates in federal prisons. 25 The Job Corps program was formerly in the Office of Economic Opportunity, and funds were appropriated to the U. S. Department of Labor beginning in 1971 and 1972. 26 Some of the work and training programs included in this program were in the Office of Economic Opportunity and were transferred to the U. S. Department of Labor in 1971 and 1972. Beginning in FY 94, the School to Work Opportunities program is included This program is administered jointly by the U. S. Departments of Education and Labor. 27 The U. S. Department of Transportation was created in 1967. 28 This program was transferred from the U. S. Department of the Treasury to the U. S. Department of Transportation in 1967. 29 This program was established in FY 72 and closed in FY 86. 30 The states' share of revenue sharing funds could not be spent on education in FYs 81   86. 31 The U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, formerly the Veterans Administration, was created in March 1989. 32 This program provides educational assistance allowances in order to restore lost educational opportunities to those individuals whose careers were interrupted or impeded by reason of active military service between January 31, 1955, and January 1, 1977. Includes `` Readjustment Benefits,'' Chapter 34, for education other than college and also includes the Veterans Job Training program for service persons and veterans. The Chapter 34 program closed December 31, 1989. The Veterans Job Training Program was put in the program Payments to State Education Agencies. Veterans who were still eligible to receive benefits under Chapter 34 were covered by Chapter 30 ( The All Volunteer Force Educational Assistance program). 33 This program is in `` Readjustment Benefits'' program, Chapter 31, and covers the costs of subsistence, tuition, books, supplies, and equipment for disabled veterans requiring vocational rehabilitation 34 This program is in the `` Readjustment Benefits'' program, Chapter 35, and provides benefits to children and spouses of veterans 35 The purpose of this program is to provide stable and permanent employment to those men and women who have served on active duty on or after August 2, 1990, and are unemployed. 36 This agency was established March 9, 1965. Its first year of appropriations was 1966. The outlays were larger in the years 1970 and 1975 for elementary and secondary education because of the construction of facilities for vocational schools. 37 This agency was established in 1965. In 1970, $ 900,000 was appropriated through the Office of Education, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, for the National Endowment for the Arts, Arts in Education program. 38 This agency was established in 1965. First year of appropriations was 1966. 39 The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 authorized 10 major action programs, including Job Corps, Neighborhood Youth Corps, Adult Literacy, Work Experience, College Work Study, and Community Action programs, including Head Start, Follow Through, and Upward Bound, and authorized the establishment of Volunteers in Service to America ( VISTA). These programs were transferred to the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, U. S. Department of Labor, and the Action Agency in the 1970s. An act on January 4, 1975 established the Community Services Administration as the successor agency to the Office of Economic Opportunity. 40 Head Start program funds were transferred to the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Child Development in 1972. 41 Most of these programs were transferred to the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in 1972. 42 The Job Corps programs were transferred to the U. S. Department of Labor in 1971 and 1972. 43 These programs were transferred to the U. S. Department of Labor in 1971 and 1972. 44 These programs were transferred to the Action Agency in 1972. 45 Similar programs were included in the `` higher education'' program in 1965 through 1975. 46 The Student Loan Reform Act of 1993 authorized a new Federal Direct Student Loan ( FDSL) program, recently renamed the William D. Ford Direct Loan program. This program is a new streamlined lending system that simplifies the process of obtaining and repaying loans for student and parent borrowers and provides borrowers with greater choice in repayment plans. 47 Similar programs were included in the `` higher education'' program in 1965 through 1975, formerly called the `` Guaranteed Student Loan'' program. The large drop in FY 94 reflects a $ 4.79 billion loan prepayment from the Student Loan Marketing Association of its outstanding debt to the Treasury Department. 48 This program was transferred from the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, in FY 79. 49 The Historically Black Colleges and Universities ( HBCUs) Capital Financing program was authorized by the Higher Education Act Amendments of 1992 to provide HBCUs with private funds for repair, renovation, and construction projects. 410 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Footnotes   Continued 50 First year of appropriations for this program was 1967. 51 Program funds were first appropriated for Tuskegee Institute in 1972. 52The Sea Grant College Program Act of 1966 established a matching fund grant program that provides for the establishment of a network of programs in fields related to development and preservation of the nation's coastal and marine resources. This program was transferred from the National Science Foundation to the U. S. Department of Commerce, October 1970. 53This program was transferred to the U. S. Department of Transportation in FY 81 by Public Law 97   31, from the U. S. Department of Commerce. 54The U. S. Department of Defense funds for FYs 90 to 96 exclude military pay and reserve accounts which were included in previous years. FY 65 data are not available except for service academies. 55Included in total above. 56Instructional costs only are included. These include academics audiovisual, academic computing center, faculty training, military training, physical education, and libraries. 57Includes special education programs ( military and civilian); legal education program; flight training; advanced degree program; college degree program ( officers); and `` Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship'' program. 58No funds have been appropriated since FY 82. 59This program receives funds periodically. 60Appropriations began in FY 84. 61Appropriations began in FY 89. 62Does not include higher education assistance loans. 63Appropriations began in FY 78. 64Alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health training programs are included starting in fiscal year 1992. 65Beginning in fiscal year 1992, data were included in the National Institutes of Health training grants program. 66Postsecondary student benefits were ended by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 ( Public Law 97   35) and were completely phased out by August 1985. 67Includes adult education, tribally controlled community colleges postsecondary instruction, and other education. 68This program was transferred from the U. S. Department of State to the International Communication Agency ( I. C. A.) in 1977, which consolidated the functions of the U. S. Information Agency and the U. S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. In FY 82 the I. C. A. became the U. S. I. A. 69This program provides funds for advanced study and research projects of the Russian, Eurasian, and Eastern European countries by American institutions of higher education and private research firms. Appropriations began in FY 88. 70This program was transferred to the U. S. Department of Transportation in FY 81 by Public Law 97   31 from the U. S. Department of Commerce. 71Includes flight training. This program was in the U. S. Department of the Treasury in 1965 and was transferred to the U. S. Department of Transportation in 1967. 72Includes benefits for Vietnam era veterans under Chapter 34 ( GI Bill) of the `` Readjustment Benefits'' education and training program This program provides educational assistance allowances, primarily on a monthly basis, in order to restore lost educational opportunities to those individuals whose careers were interrupted or impeded by reason of active military service between January 31, 1955, and January 1, 1977. This program closed December 31, 1989. Some veterans who were still eligible were put in Chapter 30 ( the All Volunteer Force Educational Assistance program). 73Includes service persons under Chapter 34 ( GI Bill) of the `` Readjustment Benefits'' education and training program. Service persons with over 180 days of active duty, any part of which was before January 1, 1977, are eligible to participate in this program. 74Includes post Vietnam era veterans, under Chapter 32, of the post Vietnam era `` Veterans Education Account.'' Provides education and training assistance payments to veterans and service persons with no active duty time before January 1, 1977. Funding is provided through participants' contributions while on active duty and through transfers from the U. S. Department of Defense ( DOD). The U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs funds are not appropriated for this program, so these data represent obligations, which are funded through other agencies' appropriations. 75Public Law 98   525, enacted October 19, 1984 ( New GI Bill), established two new peacetime educational programs: an assistance program for veterans who entered active duty during the period beginning July 1, 1985 to June 30, 1988, and an assistance program for certain members of the Selected Reserve. 76Chapter 30, also called the Montgomery Bill, and the new GI Bill are for eligible veterans who have agreed to have their military pay reduced $ 100 per month for their first 12 months of active duty. The `` Readjustment Benefits'' account under the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs pays only the basic allowance, up to a maximum of $ 300 per month, for full time training. `` Supplemental Benefits'' are paid by the U. S. Department of Defense ( DOD). 77Chapter 106 is for members of the Selected Reserve. The reserve components include the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps Reserve, Army National Guard and Air National Guard under the U. S. Department of Defense ( DOD), and the Coast Guard Reserve, which is under the U. S. Department of Transportation ( DOT) when it is not operating as a service in the Navy. Eligible persons can receive up to $ 140 per month for full time training The DOD and DOT pay for this program, and the U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs administers it. 78Includes dependents of veterans under Chapter 35, the `` Readjustment Benefits'' education and training program. Provides education and training benefits to dependents of veterans who died of a service connected disability or whose service connected disability is rated permanent and total. 79Payments have been made to state education agencies for a number of years but were not listed separately until FY 88. 80The USIA was called the `` International Communication Agency in FYs 80 and 81. 81This program was in the `` Educational and Cultural Affairs'' program in FYs 80   83, and became an independent program in FY 84. 82This program was combined with the `` Educational and Cultural Affairs'' program in FY 77. 83Public Law 99   661 established this program to operate the Foundation which awards scholarships and fellowships to outstanding graduate and undergraduate students who intend to pursue careers or advanced degrees in science or mathematics. It may also award honoraria to outstanding individuals who have made significant contributions to improve the instruction of science and mathematics in secondary schools. 84Appropriations for this program began in FY 76. 85Public Law 99   498 established this Institute as an independent non profit corporation to provide Native Americans with an opportunity to obtain a postsecondary education in various fields of Indian art and culture. 86Public Laws 99   500 and 99   591 established the James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation to operate a fellowship program to encourage graduate study of the American Constitution. First year of appropriations was FY 88. 87This program was transferred to the Institute of Museum and Library Services in fiscal year 1997. Program was formerly in the U. S. Department of Education. 411 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Footnotes   Continued 88This program was transferred to the U. S. Department of Transportation in FY 68 from the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 89This program was established by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 to provide education and training and to provide leadership in improving correctional programs and practices in prisons. 90Appropriations for this program began in FY 70. 91The Federal Aviation Administration, originally an independent agency, was transferred to the U. S. Department of Transportation in FY 67. 92Appropriations began in FY 72. 93First year of appropriations was FY 70. 94The National Service Trust Act of 1993 established the Corporation for National and Community Service. In 1993, ACTION became part of this agency. 95These programs included the Service Learning programs, University Year for ACTION, Volunteers in Service to America, Youth Challenge program, and the National Student Volunteer program in FY 1975. In FY 80, programs included were the University Year for ACTION, Young Volunteers for ACTION, and National Service Learning programs. In fiscal year 1985, the program included was the Service Learning programs, and in FYs 89 to 94, programs included were the Literacy Corps and the Student Community Services program. In FYs 94 through 98 the AmeriCorps program was included. This program provides education grants to help pay for college or to repay student loans for people who perform community service before, during or after postsecondary education. 96The Federal Emergency Management Agency was created in 1979, representing a combination of five existing agencies. The two largest were the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency in the U. S. Department of Defense and the Federal Preparedness Agency in the General Services Administration. The funds for the Federal Emergency Management Agency in FY 70 to FY 75 were in the other agencies. 97First year of appropriations was FY 68. 98First appropriations for the `` other training programs'' were in the late 1960s. These programs include the Fall Out Shelter Analysis Blast Protection Design through 1992. Starting in FY 1993, earthquake training and safety for teachers and administrators for grades 1 through 12 are included. 99The disaster relief program repairs and replaces damaged and destroyed school buildings. In FY 94 and FY 95 funds were for repairs due to the Northridge Earthquake in California. In FY 94, $ 37.2 million was spent on school districts; $ 4.2 million was spent on community colleges and $ 43.8 million spent on universities. In FY 95, $ 74.4 million was spent on school districts; $ 8.4 million on community colleges and $ 87.6 million on colleges and universities. 100This program was transferred from the General Services Administration to the National Archives and Records Administration in April 1985. 101This program makes grants for the promotion of scholarly, cultural, and artistic exchanges between Japan and the United States. Appropriations began in FY 76. 102The National Archives and Records Administration became an independent agency in April 1985. 103This program was established by the act of July 20, 1970, Public Law 91   345. 104This program was established by Congress to conduct and support research and scholarships in the fields of peace, arms control, and conflict resolution. 105Includes federal obligations for research and development centers administered by colleges and universities. FYs 97 and 98 are estimated. 106Total outlays for FYs 65 and 70 include the `` Research and Training'' program. FY 75 includes the `` National Institute of Education program. FYs 80 to 98 include outlays for the Office of Educational Research and Improvement.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Some data have been revised from previously published figures. To the extent possible, amounts reported represent outlays rather than obligations. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, compiled from data appearing in U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U. S. Government, fiscal years 1967 to 1999; National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, fiscal years 1965 to 1998; and unpublished data obtained from various federal agencies. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 412 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 362.   Estimated federal support for education, by agency and type of ultimate recipient: Fiscal year 1998 [ In millions of dollars]

Agency Total Local education agencies State education agencies College students Institutions of higher education Federal Multiple types of recipients Other 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total 2 ......................................................................................... $ 107,242.3 $ 21,430.2 $ 5,639.4 $ 21,408.2 $ 34,656.7 $ 3,292.7 $ 11,296.5 $ 9,518.6 Total program funds  on budget ........................................ $ 75,077.5 $ 21,430.2 $ 4,674.5 $ 8,220.6 $ 23,399.0 $ 3,292.7 $ 11,296.5 $ 2,764.0 Department of Education ............................................................ 30,735.6 11,486.7 3,737.8 5,502.1 6,031.0 484.6 1,475.8 2,017.4 Department of Agriculture .......................................................... 10,179.5 9,167.5 152.7   450.5 18.0   390.7 Department of Commerce .......................................................... 75.2       75.2       Department of Defense .............................................................. 3,604.8 162.3   285.5 1,580.1 1,345.7 231.2   Department of Energy ................................................................ 3,170.7       3,170.7       Department of Health and Human Services .............................. 13,565.6 435.5   825.7 7,763.0 155.0 4,386.4   Department of Housing and Urban Development ...................... 1.4       1.4       Department of the Interior .......................................................... 754.9 57.2 18.0 29.5 137.7 460.4 52.1   Department of Justice ................................................................ 282.8       20.8 262.0     Department of Labor .................................................................. 4,990.1   748.5   0.1   4,241.5   Department of State ................................................................... 55.4         55.4     Department of Transportation .................................................... 115.0     3.6 57.6 46.0 0.7 7.0 Department of the Treasury ....................................................... 75.5       2.5 73.0     Department of Veterans Affairs .................................................. 1,374.2   17.5 1,355.1 1.6       Other agencies and programs Agency for International Development ....................................... 363.4       15.7     347.7 Appalachian Regional Commission ............................................ 6.8       3.1   3.7   Barry Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Foundation ............................................................ 3.0           3.0   Corporation for National and Community Service ..................... 374.0           374.0   Environmental Protection Agency .............................................. 90.4       90.4       Estimated education share of federal aid to the District of Columbia ............................................................... 109.9 96.0     12.8   1.1   Federal Emergency Management Agency ................................. 50.0 25.0         25.0   General Services Administration ................................................                 Harry S Truman scholarship fund .............................................. 4.0           4.0   Institute of American Indian and Alaskan Native Culture and Arts Development .............................................. 4.0           4.0   Institute of Library and Museum Services .................................. 192.0           192.0   James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation ..................... 2.0           2.0   Japanese United States Friendship Commission ...................... 2.0           2.0   Library of Congress .................................................................... 277.0         277.0     National Aeronautics and Space Administration ........................ 1,705.1       1,699.0   6.1   National Archives and Records Administration .......................... 114.9         114.9     National Commission on Libraries and Information Science ............................................................... 1.0             1.0 National Endowment for the Arts ............................................... 7.7           7.7   National Endowment for the Humanities .................................... 93.2           93.2   National Science Foundation ..................................................... 2,473.3     204.1 2,269.3       Nuclear Regulatory Commission ................................................ 13.4       13.4       Smithsonian Institution ............................................................... 7.7         0.7 7.0   U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency ...........................                 U. S. Information Agency ............................................................ 187.0     15.0     172.0   U. S. Institute of Peace ............................................................... 12.0           12.0   Other agencies ........................................................................... 3.0       3.0       Off budget support and nonfederal funds generated by federal legislation ......................................... 32,164.8   964.9 13,187.6 11,257.7     6,754.6 1 Other recipients include Indian tribes, private nonprofit agencies, and banks. 2 Includes on budget support, off budget support, and nonfederal funds generated by federal legislation. Excludes federal tax expenditures.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Outlays by type of recipient are estimated based on obligation data. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office of the Undersecretary, unpublished tabulations; U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U. S. Government, Fiscal Year 1999; National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development Fiscal Years 1996, 1997, and 1998; and unpublished data obtained from various federal agencies. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 413 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 363.   Federal on budget funds obligated for programs administered by the U. S. Department of Education: Fiscal years 1980 to 1998 [ In thousands of dollars]

Program ( In current dollars)

1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2 1998 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total ................................................................................... $ 14,102,165 $ 18,818,201 $ 25,214,923 $ 33,748,670 $ 36,735,985 $ 46,433,000 $ 45,540,000 $ 57,478,000 $ 54,525,000 Elementary and secondary education ................................... 4,239,022 4,732,864 7,169,693 8,565,459 8,820,052 9,124,000 7,824,000 10,387,000 11,310,000 Grants for the disadvantaged ........................................... 3,204,664 3,745,855 5,383,960 6,659,203 7,038,334 7,200,000 5,893,000 7,831,000 7,881,000 School improvement programs ......................................... 788,918 748,000 1,524,001 1,600,013 1,368,108 1,343,000 1,220,000 1,428,000 1,543,000 Bilingual education ............................................................ 169,540 171,605 188,152 225,693 239,805 206,000 178,000 261,000 354,000 Indian education ............................................................... 75,900 67,404 73,580 80,550 82,762 81,000 53,000 61,000 63,000 Education Reform   Goals 2000 .......................................         91,043 294,000 480,000 806,000 1,469,000 School assistance in federally affected areas ....................... 812,873 695,746 815,573 760,456 911,716 783,000 703,000 737,000 851,000 Maintenance and operations ............................................ 690,000 665,000 717,354 713,108 787,263 715,000 689,000 680,000 742,000 Construction ...................................................................... 110,873 23,037 22,929 5,291 8,584 2,000 13,000 12,000 19,000 Disaster assistance ........................................................... 12,000 7,709 75,290 42,057 115,869 66,000 1,000 45,000 90,000 Education for the handicapped ............................................. 1,555,253 2,666,056 3,480,122 4,752,116 5,965,688 5,767,000 5,849,000 6,552,000 7,605,000 State grant programs ........................................................ 815,805 1,245,219 1,258,871 1,842,956 2,779,228 2,467,000 2,350,000 3,066,000 3,866,000 Early childhood education 4 .............................................. 38,745 27,625 280,341 476,180 661,665 661,000 820,000 723,000 869,000 Special centers, projects, and research ........................... 55,075 53,430 72,966 139,265 101,605 132,000 110,000 124,000 144,000 Captioned films and media services ................................ 17,778 35,670 15,191 17,571 18,608 19,000 19,000 46,000 53,000 Personnel training ............................................................. 55,375 68,025 70,838 90,120 104,012 91,000 91,000 81,000 82,000 Handicapped rehabilitation service and research ............ 572,475 1,236,087 1,781,915 2,186,024 2,300,570 2,397,000 2,459,000 2,512,000 2,591,000 Vocational education and adult programs ............................. 1,153,743 856,271 1,138,674 1,575,268 1,456,185 1,461,000 1,366,000 1,484,000 1,552,000 Basic programs 5 ............................................................... 744,653 725,624 858,716 1,049,834 950,244 1,004,000 1,083,000 1,015,000 1,044,000 Consumer and homemaking ............................................ 63,169 33,138 34,517 35,872 33,895 1,000       Program improvement and supportive services ............... 162,512 5,202           100,000 103,000 State planning and advisory councils ............................... 13,423 7,584 7,923 8,928 9,087 9,000 4,000     Adult education, grants to states ...................................... 153,724 84,723 188,280 309,810 254,724 299,000 272,000 354,000 375,000 Other 6 ............................................................................... 16,262   49,238 170,824 208,235 148,000 7,000 15,000 30,000 Postsecondary student financial assistance ......................... 5,108,534 8,534,205 11,112,068 16,065,617 17,400,855 26,956,000 27,705,000 36,064,000 31,018,000 Educational opportunity grants 7 ....................................... 2,534,378 3,558,440 4,919,264 6,764,683 7,092,393 6,484,000 5,545,000 8,158,000 5,193,000 Work study ........................................................................ 596,065 599,467 615,269 625,043 620,878 620,000 619,000 825,000 830,000 Perkins loan program ....................................................... 322,749 219,850 157,415 183,262 177,413 187,000 118,000 182,000 165,000 Federal Family Education Loan program 8 ....................... 1,597,877 4,130,920 5,341,039 8,380,619 8,444,937 10,461,000 10,722,000 11,732,000 8,295,000 Other student assistance programs 9 ............................... 57,465 25,528 79,081 112,010 1,065,234 9,204,000 10,701,000 15,167,000 16,535,000 Direct aid to postsecondary institutions ................................ 277,068 329,714 341,634 518,908 740,677 780,000 830,000 887,000 952,000 Aid to minority and developing institutions ....................... 114,680 140,374 99,812 130,743 211,054 231,000 304,000 321,000 334,000 Special programs for the disadvantaged .......................... 147,389 174,940 241,822 388,165 529,623 549,000 526,000 566,000 618,000 Cooperative education ...................................................... 14,999 14,400               Higher education facilities ..................................................... 268,493 194,556 84,305 81,026 49,888 46,000 51,000 24,000 29,000 Construction loans and insurance .................................... 35,362 33,188 30,000 46,472 20,607 15,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Interest subsidy grants ..................................................... 24,626 24,968 38,741 22,647 18,188 21,000 17,000     College housing loans ...................................................... 208,505 136,400 15,564 11,907 11,093 10,000 33,000 23,000 28,000 Other higher education programs ......................................... 34,927 74,340 188,999 201,734 129,951 120,000       International education and foreign languages 10 ............ 19,977 32,050 86,337 114,761           Funds for Improvement of Postsecondary Education 11 .. 12,000 12,710 99,450 86,257 129,554 116,000 ( 11) ( 12) ( 12) Other ................................................................................. 2,950 29,580 3,212 716 397 4,000       Public library services ............................................................ 101,218 116,027 132,583 144,380 149,591 150,000 128,000 ( 13) ( 13)

Public library services ....................................................... 66,451 75,000 82,505 83,227 83,227 83,000 93,000 ( 13) ( 13) Interlibrary cooperation .....................................................   18,000 19,551 19,749 19,749 24,000 18,000 ( 13) ( 13) Public library construction .................................................   16,027 14,837 14,871 21,074 24,000 12,000 ( 13) ( 13) Research libraries ............................................................. 5,992 6,000 6,593 5,808 5,808   3,000 ( 13) ( 13) Other ................................................................................. 28,775 1,000 9,097 20,725 19,733 19,000 2,000 ( 13) ( 13)

Payments to special institutions ............................................ 273,860 253,622 292,736 320,455 321,753 340,000 314,000 324,000 343,000 American Printing House for the Blind ............................. 4,349 5,500 5,663 6,298 6,463 7,000 7,000 7,000 8,000 National Technical Institute for the Deaf .......................... 19,799 31,400 35,594 40,964 41,836 43,000 42,000 43,000 44,000 Gallaudet College ............................................................. 49,409 59,092 67,643 77,589 78,435 80,000 78,000 79,000 81,000 Howard University ............................................................. 200,303 157,630 183,836 195,604 195,019 210,000 187,000 195,000 210,000 Departmental accounts .......................................................... 277,174 364,800 458,536 763,251 789,629 906,000 770,000 1,019,000 865,000 Educational research and improvement ........................... 51,415 60,556 87,074 283,078 294,323 327,000 353,000 598,000 431,000 Departmental management account ................................ 223,857 300,885 370,844 480,166 495,249 579,000 416,000 416,000 433,000 Other ................................................................................. 1,875 3,349         1,000 5,000 1,000 Trust funds ........................................................................ 27 10 618 7 57         414 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 363.   Federal on budget funds obligated for programs administered by the U. S. Department of Education: Fiscal years 1980 to 1998   Continued [ In thousands of dollars]

Program ( In constant 1998 dollars) 1 1980 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 2 1998 3 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Total ................................................................................. $ 28,058,872 $ 27,823,436 $ 31,526,144 $ 38,100,576 $ 40,512,843 $ 49,913,211 $ 47,690,912 $ 58,746,942 $ 54,525,000 Elementary and secondary education ................................... 8,434,320 6,997,722 8,964,246 9,669,979 9,726,849 9,807,855 8,193,537 10,616,314 11,310,000 Grants for the disadvantaged ........................................... 6,376,273 5,538,391 6,731,549 7,517,910 7,761,951 7,739,649 6,171,334 8,003,885 7,881,000 School improvement programs ......................................... 1,569,699 1,105,947 1,905,454 1,806,335 1,508,764 1,443,660 1,277,622 1,459,526 1,543,000 Bilingual education ............................................................ 337,331 253,725 235,246 254,796 264,460 221,440 186,407 266,762 354,000 Indian education ............................................................... 151,017 99,659 91,997 90,937 91,271 87,071 55,503 62,347 63,000 Education Reform   Goals 2000 .......................................         100,403 316,036 502,671 823,794 1,469,000 School assistance in federally affected areas ....................... 1,617,362 1,028,687 1,019,709 858,517 1,005,450 841,687 736,204 753,271 851,000 Maintenance and operations ............................................ 1,372,883 983,228 896,906 805,064 868,202 768,590 721,542 695,012 742,000 Construction ...................................................................... 220,602 34,061 28,668 5,973 9,467 2,150 13,614 12,265 19,000 Disaster assistance ........................................................... 23,876 11,398 94,135 47,480 127,782 70,947 1,047 45,993 90,000 Education for the handicapped ............................................. 3,094,464 3,941,867 4,351,186 5,364,903 6,579,026 6,199,244 6,125,256 6,696,649 7,605,000 State grant programs ........................................................ 1,623,195 1,841,104 1,573,963 2,080,606 3,064,963 2,651,905 2,460,993 3,133,688 3,866,000 Early childhood education 4 .............................................. 77,090 40,845 350,510 537,584 729,691 710,543 858,730 738,962 869,000 Special centers, projects, and research ........................... 109,582 78,998 91,229 157,223 112,051 141,894 115,195 126,738 144,000 Captioned films and media services ................................ 35,373 52,739 18,993 19,837 20,521 20,424 19,897 47,016 53,000 Personnel training ............................................................. 110,179 100,578 88,569 101,741 114,706 97,821 95,298 82,788 82,000 Handicapped rehabilitation service and research ............ 1,139,045 1,827,602 2,227,923 2,467,913 2,537,094 2,576,658 2,575,142 2,567,457 2,591,000 Vocational education and adult programs ............................. 2,295,586 1,266,030 1,423,681 1,778,400 1,605,897 1,570,504 1,430,518 1,516,762 1,552,000 Basic programs 5 ............................................................... 1,481,625 1,072,863 1,073,650 1,185,211 1,047,939 1,079,251 1,134,151 1,037,408 1,044,000 Consumer and homemaking ............................................ 125,686 48,996 43,157 40,498 37,380 1,075       Program improvement and supportive services ............... 323,348 7,691           102,208 103,000 State planning and advisory councils ............................... 26,708 11,213 9,906 10,079 10,021 9,675 4,189     Adult education, grants to states ...................................... 305,862 125,266 235,406 349,760 280,912 321,410 284,847 361,815 375,000 Other 6 ............................................................................... 32,356   61,562 192,852 229,644 159,093 7,331 15,331 30,000 Postsecondary student financial assistance ......................... 10,164,376 12,618,151 13,893,386 18,137,286 19,189,852 28,976,386 29,013,542 36,860,185 31,018,000 Educational opportunity grants 7 ....................................... 5,042,615 5,261,291 6,150,541 7,636,992 7,821,568 6,969,984 5,806,897 8,338,104 5,193,000 Work study ........................................................................ 1,185,982 886,335 769,269 705,643 684,711 666,470 648,236 843,214 830,000 Perkins loan program ....................................................... 642,169 325,057 196,816 206,894 195,653 201,016 123,573 186,018 165,000 Federal Family Education Loan program 8 ....................... 3,179,273 6,107,725 6,677,885 9,461,304 9,313,168 11,245,065 11,228,414 11,991,007 8,295,000 Other student assistance programs 9 ............................... 114,337 37,744 98,875 126,454 1,174,752 9,893,851 11,206,422 15,501,842 16,535,000 Direct aid to postsecondary institutions ................................ 551,278 487,495 427,144 585,821 816,827 838,462 869,202 906,582 952,000 Aid to minority and developing institutions ....................... 228,177 207,548 124,795 147,602 232,753 248,314 318,358 328,087 334,000 Special programs for the disadvantaged .......................... 293,258 258,656 302,349 438,219 584,074 590,148 550,844 578,496 618,000 Cooperative education ...................................................... 29,843 21,291               Higher education facilities ..................................................... 534,217 287,659 105,406 91,474 55,017 49,448 53,409 24,530 29,000 Construction loans and insurance .................................... 70,359 49,070 37,509 52,465 22,726 16,124 1,047 1,022 1,000 Interest subsidy grants ..................................................... 48,998 36,916 48,438 25,567 20,058 22,574 17,803     College housing loans ...................................................... 414,859 201,673 19,460 13,442 12,233 10,750 34,559 23,508 28,000 Other higher education programs ......................................... 69,494 109,915 236,305 227,748 143,311 128,994       International education and foreign languages 10 ............ 39,748 47,387 107,947 129,559           Funds for Improvement of Postsecondary Education 11 .. 23,876 18,792 124,342 97,380 142,874 124,694   ( 12) ( 12) Other ................................................................................. 5,870 43,735 4,016 808 438 4,300       Public library services ............................................................ 201,392 171,550 165,768 162,998 164,971 161,243 134,046 ( 13) ( 13)

Public library services ....................................................... 132,217 110,890 103,156 93,959 91,784 89,221 97,393 ( 13) ( 13) Interlibrary cooperation .....................................................   26,614 24,445 22,296 21,779 25,799 18,850 ( 13) ( 13) Public library construction .................................................   23,697 18,551 16,789 23,241 25,799 12,567 ( 13) ( 13) Research libraries ............................................................. 11,922 8,871 8,243 6,557 6,405   3,142 ( 13) ( 13) Other ................................................................................. 57,253 1,479 11,374 23,397 21,762 20,424 2,094 ( 13) ( 13)

Payments to special institutions ............................................ 544,895 374,990 366,007 361,778 354,833 365,483 328,831 331,153 343,000 American Printing House for the Blind ............................. 8,653 8,132 7,080 7,110 7,127 7,525 7,331 7,155 8,000 National Technical Institute for the Deaf .......................... 39,394 46,426 44,503 46,246 46,137 46,223 43,984 43,949 44,000 Gallaudet College ............................................................. 98,308 87,370 84,574 87,594 86,499 85,996 81,684 80,744 81,000 Howard University ............................................................. 398,540 233,062 229,850 220,827 215,069 225,740 195,832 199,305 210,000 Departmental accounts .......................................................... 551,489 539,371 573,306 861,673 870,811 973,906 806,368 1,041,496 865,000 Educational research and improvement ........................... 102,300 89,534 108,868 319,581 324,583 351,509 369,673 611,202 431,000 Departmental management account ................................ 445,405 444,870 463,665 542,084 546,166 622,397 435,648 425,184 433,000 Other ................................................................................. 3,731 4,952         1,047 5,110 1,000 Trust funds ........................................................................ 54 15 773 8 63         1 Data adjusted by the federal funds composite deflator prepared by the U. S. Office of Management and Budget.

2 Revised from previously published data.

3 Estimated.

4 Includes preschool incentive grants.

5 Includes programs of national significance and special programs for the disadvantaged

6 Includes national programs for research, demonstrations, evaluation and technical assistance, literacy training for homeless adults, and some other small programs.

7 Includes Pell Grants, Supplemental Education Opportunity Grants, State Student Incentive Grants, and Income Contingent Loans.

8 Formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan program.

9 Includes Federal Direct Student Loan program starting in fiscal year 1994.

10 Starting in fiscal year 1994 this program is included under the program, `` Funds for Improvement of Postsecondary Education.'' 11 International education and foreign languages are included under this program starting in fiscal year 1994.

12 This program is included under the `` Special programs for the disadvantaged'' program

13 This program was transferred to the Institute of Museum and Library Services in fiscal year 1997.   Data are not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Data presented in this tabulation are obligations, which differ from outlay figures reported in other tables in this chapter.

SOURCE: U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government fiscal years 1982 to 1999. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 415 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 364.   U. S. Department of Education outlays, by level of education and type of recipient: Fiscal years 1980 to 1998 [ In millions of dollars]

Year and area of education Total Local education agencies State education agencies College students Institutions of higher education Federal Multiple types of recipients Other 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1980 total ............................................. $ 13,137.8 $ 5,313.7 $ 1,103.2 $ 2,137.4 $ 2,267.2 $ 249.8 $ 693.8 $ 1,372.7 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 6,629.1 5,309.4 662.2 34.2 22.0 62.5 513.4 25.5 Postsecondary education ......................... 5,682.2   99.5 2,103.2 2,166.5     1,313.0 Other programs ........................................ 747.7 4.3 341.5     187.3 180.4 34.2 Education research and statistics ............ 78.7       78.7       1984 total ............................................. 15,534.7 5,256.5 1,879.0 2,193.4 2,167.4 330.2 516.7 3,191.4 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 6,220.8 5,252.4 536.0 55.5 35.3 22.9 259.9 58.8 Postsecondary education ......................... 7,341.2   211.5 2,137.9 1,972.5     3,019.3 Other programs ........................................ 1,813.1 4.1 1,131.5     307.3 256.8 113.3 Education research and statistics ............ 159.6       159.6       1988 total ............................................. 18,326.9 6,614.8 2,234.6 3,103.4 2,519.5 319.4 838.8 2,696.3 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 8,098.4 6,606.3 717.9 66.2 39.5 23.8 616.7 28.0 Postsecondary education ......................... 8,247.1   184.6 3,037.2 2,437.6     2,587.7 Other programs ........................................ 1,939.0 8.5 1,332.1     295.6 222.1 80.6 Education research and statistics ............ 42.4       42.4       1990 total ............................................. 23,198.6 8,000.7 2,490.3 3,859.6 3,649.8 441.4 912.2 3,844.4 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 9,681.3 7,995.0 700.3 80.5 85.4 113.1 650.7 56.3 Postsecondary education ......................... 11,176.0   261.6 3,779.1 3,475.0     3,660.4 Other programs ........................................ 2,251.8 5.7 1,528.5     328.3 261.5 127.8 Education research and statistics ............ 89.5       89.5       1992 total ............................................. 26,116.0 9,834.7 2,883.2 4,090.7 4,107.4 418.3 1,189.4 3,592.4 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 12,057.7 9,830.1 1,011.0 92.9 232.7 49.8 762.3 78.8 Postsecondary education ......................... 11,323.6   245.5 3,997.7 3,719.9     3,360.5 Other programs ........................................ 2,579.9 4.6 1,626.6     368.5 427.0 153.1 Education research and statistics ............ 154.8       154.8       1994 total ............................................. 29,713.4 10,935.6 3,264.8 4,800.5 4,831.3 504.5 1,258.2 4,118.5 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 13,769.2 10,929.2 1,354.0 159.9 275.2 60.9 902.1 87.9 Postsecondary education ......................... 12,871.4   53.0 4,640.6 4,279.3     3,898.5 Other programs ........................................ 2,796.0 6.4 1,857.8     443.6 356.1 132.1 Education research and statistics ............ 276.8       276.8       1995 total ............................................. 31,403.0 11,210.7 3,584.0 4,964.7 5,016.1 485.4 1,349.2 4,792.9 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 14,029.0 11,203.3 1,410.0 190.5 170.1 70.3 946.9 37.9 Postsecondary education ......................... 14,234.0   250.8 4,774.2 4,567.0     4,642.0 Other programs ........................................ 2,861.0 7.4 1,923.2     415.1 402.3 113.0 Education research and statistics ............ 279.0       279.0       1996 total ............................................. 29,977.8 11,077.8 3,669.6 5,129.8 5,053.4 562.1 1,682.3 2,802.9 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 14,323.8 11,073.1 1,650.7 161.1 141.5 59.2 1,201.4 36.8 Postsecondary education ......................... 12,257.6   90.7 4,968.7 4,601.0     2,597.2 Other programs ........................................ 3,085.6 4.7 1,928.2     502.9 480.9 168.9 Education research and statistics ............ 310.9       310.9       1997 total ............................................. 30,110.6 11,229.1 3,698.5 5,200.5 5,480.0 467.9 1,535.4 2,499.1 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 14,511.2 11,220.3 1,654.2 165.4 149.5 58.3 1,224.1 39.4 Postsecondary education ......................... 12,377.0   48.6 5,035.1 4,990.5     2,302.8 Other programs ........................................ 2,882.3 8.8 1,995.7     409.6 311.3 156.9 Education research and statistics ............ 340.0       340.0       1998 total ............................................. 30,735.6 11,486.7 3,737.9 5,502.1 6,031.0 484.6 1,475.8 2,017.5 Elementary/ secondary .............................. 14,787.3 11,477.5 1,662.2 241.8 153.4 47.5 1,148.8 56.0 Postsecondary education ......................... 12,406.1   63.4 5,260.3 5,297.1     1,785.3 Other programs ........................................ 2,961.8 9.2 2,012.3     437.1 327.0 176.2 Education research and statistics ............ 580.5       580.5       1 Other recipients include Indian tribes, private nonprofit agencies, and banks.   Data are not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Outlays by type of recipient are estimated based on obligation data. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the U. S. Government, Fiscal Years 1982 to 1999, and Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance; National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1980 to 1998; and unpublished data obtained from various federal agencies. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 416 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 365.   U. S. Department of Education obligations for major programs, by state or other area: Fiscal year 1997 [ In thousands]

State or other area Total Grants for the disadvantaged 1 Block grants to states for school improvement 2 School assistance in federally affected areas 3 Vocational and adult education 4 Education for the handicapped 5 Bilingual education 6 Indian education Higher and continuing education 7 Student financial assistance 8 Rehabilitation services 9 Goals 2000 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total .............................................. $ 28,611,252 $ 7,782,801 $ 1,181,345 $ 655,500 $ 1,446,611 $ 3,787,023 $ 254,025 $ 57,947 $ 1,178,199 $ 9,357,369 $ 2,254,099 $ 656,333 Alabama ............................................ 461,534 131,021 18,772 1,916 28,154 56,607 436 $ 1,101 39,535 133,282 47,175 3,536 Alaska ................................................ 139,173 26,454 5,792 59,153 5,114 13,523 865 6,493 2,278 8,453 8,035 3,012 Arizona .............................................. 467,681 119,447 18,020 78,919 23,335 10,674 10,232 6,951 7,771 147,061 35,300 9,972 Arkansas ........................................... 277,119 81,904 11,376 275 16,768 39,446 144 116 15,211 76,199 28,778 6,903 California ........................................... 3,052,628 914,350 130,884 39,479 156,381 343,137 86,600 3,838 73,696 1,014,151 214,884 75,228 Colorado ............................................ 323,443 74,354 14,189 4,855 17,801 46,376 3,669 377 11,749 115,047 27,580 7,446 Connecticut ....................................... 246,311 69,789 11,553 5,200 13,326 51,352 2,005 23 6,578 63,245 17,299 5,943 Delaware ........................................... 76,054 18,908 5,792 36 5,457 10,966 100 0 4,633 19,380 8,041 2,741 District of Columbia ........................... 762,360 23,452 5,760 629 5,468 4,934 1,032 0 321,434 387,105 11,547 1,000 Florida ................................................ 1,238,872 346,594 51,936 6,356 68,165 201,975 16,911 52 23,242 388,960 105,809 28,872 Georgia .............................................. 652,130 198,098 29,998 5,694 41,888 91,689 1,644 0 34,959 167,380 63,828 16,951 Hawaii ................................................ 107,957 20,820 5,879 23,226 6,791 11,400 1,370 0 7,413 20,077 8,151 2,829 Idaho ................................................. 119,569 26,509 5,774 3,442 7,780 16,871 1,548 262 3,408 39,310 11,596 3,068 Illinois ................................................ 1,131,926 338,289 51,290 6,343 57,554 186,266 10,524 77 31,952 335,849 83,775 30,006 Indiana ............................................... 531,780 118,630 22,041 99 33,445 87,240 250 7 13,142 198,131 46,941 11,854 Iowa ................................................... 275,983 54,582 10,791 75 16,222 42,279 1,218 113 13,798 104,749 26,453 5,701 Kansas .............................................. 254,806 64,875 10,578 9,017 13,904 35,940 982 320 12,334 79,038 21,980 5,839 Kentucky ............................................ 445,232 139,631 17,901 295 26,360 62,191 259 0 15,444 129,299 42,592 11,260 Louisiana ........................................... 585,124 201,296 24,774 3,091 29,675 64,848 1,239 461 25,678 169,749 48,421 15,894 Maine ................................................. 139,869 32,678 5,760 2,434 7,285 21,056 1,459 100 5,531 47,274 13,149 3,142 Maryland ............................................ 393,007 100,045 18,454 4,306 21,742 73,649 1,349 150 17,359 113,315 33,118 9,519 Massachusetts ................................... 649,815 146,133 22,079 858 25,616 101,520 5,661 74 19,211 273,196 43,206 12,261 Michigan ............................................ 935,139 340,860 44,979 4,137 50,097 123,749 1,505 2,559 25,931 235,206 78,461 27,654 Minnesota .......................................... 410,126 91,077 18,377 5,466 22,416 60,312 1,576 2,180 15,045 146,666 37,595 9,416 Mississippi ......................................... 395,297 130,376 15,546 2,566 19,458 41,600 322 222 18,636 121,673 34,662 10,237 Missouri ............................................. 504,818 128,588 21,442 6,983 29,972 77,151 1,370 41 14,786 163,385 49,256 11,844 Montana ............................................ 136,611 27,077 5,760 23,452 6,272 13,981 3,059 1,889 7,484 37,326 9,310 1,000 Nebraska ........................................... 180,656 37,092 6,578 7,428 9,158 24,807 499 406 4,365 71,831 14,820 3,671 Nevada .............................................. 90,539 22,496 5,920 2,367 7,165 19,652 951 445 1,737 17,331 9,611 2,864 New Hampshire ................................. 96,755 17,768 5,921 7 6,729 18,465 100 0 2,814 32,948 9,278 2,724 New Jersey ........................................ 622,211 163,840 28,294 9,939 33,320 125,751 3,960 106 13,363 183,341 45,237 15,060 New Mexico ....................................... 272,387 64,799 8,874 46,475 10,915 32,930 6,246 5,026 8,745 64,845 18,178 5,355 New York ........................................... 2,319,571 687,951 83,470 9,456 80,184 269,268 37,482 1,081 37,972 939,864 120,175 52,668 North Carolina ................................... 616,830 144,895 26,398 5,913 41,928 106,773 1,250 2,091 35,847 168,573 69,162 13,997 North Dakota ..................................... 104,531 18,994 5,760 12,704 5,500 8,967 1,315 1,002 4,927 34,586 8,014 2,763 Ohio ................................................... 1,124,159 312,174 48,148 2,600 60,914 142,022 306 7 21,944 406,862 100,889 28,293 Oklahoma .......................................... 379,079 88,452 14,437 16,138 20,856 48,982 5,791 11,129 16,978 119,934 34,025 2,358 Oregon .............................................. 277,649 80,981 12,594 1,861 16,660 43,454 2,764 1,230 7,754 76,576 26,581 7,195 Pennsylvania ..................................... 1,148,244 338,831 49,098 1,037 60,797 139,082 1,355 0 24,023 402,446 102,727 28,848 Rhode Island ..................................... 125,983 25,127 5,760 1,363 7,017 17,940 1,063 0 5,328 50,469 9,017 2,898 South Carolina .................................. 377,008 97,056 15,340 2,406 24,138 54,508 100 32 22,265 112,855 39,461 8,847 South Dakota .................................... 165,003 20,831 5,796 18,276 5,602 12,385 2,509 2,025 3,844 82,849 8,053 2,833 Tennessee ......................................... 503,587 131,125 20,982 1,108 31,873 83,347 364 0 21,278 149,617 52,002 11,890 Texas ................................................. 2,068,166 679,899 90,396 24,613 111,243 311,994 18,274 172 51,167 565,249 160,646 54,513 Utah ................................................... 233,330 35,922 8,930 4,691 14,047 34,609 1,795 720 6,972 101,474 19,741 4,427 Vermont ............................................. 86,520 17,715 5,760 2 5,273 6,986 124 88 4,721 35,093 8,042 2,716 Virginia .............................................. 677,327 112,577 22,475 23,334 33,577 98,488 1,609 14 23,599 298,932 51,186 11,536 Washington ....................................... 465,961 122,852 20,877 22,395 25,774 69,712 4,375 2,979 14,512 132,873 38,337 11,276 West Virginia ..................................... 225,620 74,995 8,839 6 12,827 30,757 100 0 8,600 61,662 22,040 5,794 Wisconsin .......................................... 509,542 129,779 22,038 7,327 27,673 78,166 694 1,654 17,840 166,162 45,941 12,270 Wyoming ........................................... 74,179 16,806 5,797 5,672 5,110 10,852 524 336 3,128 16,801 6,439 2,713 Indian tribe setaside .......................... 103,406 37,250 7,837 0 482 41,882 0 0 0 0 12,000 3,955 Undistributed ..................................... 160,275 20,406 2,031 129,108 0 7,243 0 0 0 0 738 750 Outlying areas American Samoa ............................... 18,029 9,191 1,555 0 373 4,550 355 0 651 280 834 241 Federated States of Micronesia ........ 562 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 89 274 0 0 Guam ................................................. 31,535 8,794 3,973 0 766 10,828 916 0 1,521 2,041 2,199 496 Marshall Islands ................................ 395 0 0 0 100 0 100 0 195 0 0 0 North Mariana Islands ....................... 12,084 4,603 886 0 365 2,526 219 0 1,801 849 721 114 Palau ................................................. 1,191 0 1 0 100 502 100 0 180 159 150 0 Puerto Rico ....................................... 790,120 278,114 27,803 823 28,683 31,684 351 0 19,416 324,380 59,139 19,727 Trust Territory of the Pacific ............. 1,619 0 0 0 0 0 728 0 890 0 0 0 Virgin Islands ..................................... 32,834 15,647 3,279 150 915 7,180 281 0 1,492 1,706 1,775 410 1 Title I, formerly called Chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981, includes Grants to Local Education Agencies, Migrant Education   Basic State Grants, Program for Neglected and Delinquent Children, Capital Expenses, and Even Start   State Educational Agencies. 2 Title VI, formerly called Chapter 2 Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981, includes Eisenhower Professional Development Grants, Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities   State Grants, Education for Homeless Children and Youth, and Innovative Education Program Strategies. 3 Impact Aid   Basic Support Payments and Impact Aid   Payments for Children with Disabilities. 4 Includes Vocational Education   Basic Grants to States, Tech Prep Education, and Adult Education State Grant Program. 5 Includes Special Education   Grants to States, Preschool Grants, and Grants for Infants and Families with Disabilities. 6 Includes Emergency Immigrant Education Program and Bilingual Education State Grants. 7 Includes Institutional Aid to Strengthen Higher Education Institutions serving significant numbers of low income students, Other Special Programs for the Disadvantaged, Cooperative Education, Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, Fellowships and Scholarships, and annual interest subsidy grants for facilities construction. 8 Includes Pell Grants, State Student Incentive Grants, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants, Federal Work Study, and Federal Perkins Loans Capital Contributions, and Guaranteed Student Loan interest subsidies.

9 Includes Rehabilitation Services   Vocational Rehabilitation Grants to States, Supported Employment Services for Individuals with Severe Disabilities, Rehabilitation Services   Client Assistance Program, and Independent Living   State Grants, and Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights.

10 Includes State and Local Education Systemic Improvement Grants and Innovative Education Program Strategies.

NOTE.   Data reflect revisions to figures in the Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 1999. To the extent possible, data represent obligations rather than outlays. Because of the exclusion of certain programs, totals in this table are lower than those reported in other tables. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, based on unpublished tabulations from the Office of Management and Budget; and U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Federal Expenditures by State for Fiscal Year 1997. ( This table was prepared February 1998.) 417 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 366.   U. S. Department of Education obligations for major programs, by state or other area: Fiscal year 1996 [ In thousands]

State or other area Total Grants for the disadvantaged 1 Block grants to states for school improvement 2 School assistance in federally affected areas 3 Vocational and adult education 4 Education for the handicapped 5 Bilingual education 6 Indian education Higher and continuing education 7 Student financial assistance 8 Public library programs 9 Rehabilitation services 10 Goals 2000 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total ............................ $ 23,169,044 $ 5,877,908 $ 1,014,622 $ 621,707 $ 1,324,769 $ 3,144,751 $ 186,524 $ 50,180 $ 1,037,480 $ 7,275,673 $ 122,624 $ 2,191,920 $ 320,885 Alabama .......................... 401,419 104,932 16,386 3,822 25,534 55,413 214 1,205 39,758 99,388 2,343 46,370 $ 6,054 Alaska ............................. 115,798 22,498 4,974 50,357 4,984 10,390 1,016 5,715 2,456 4,618 899 7,862 29 Arizona ............................ 410,975 87,262 15,136 67,929 20,932 40,807 7,185 5,864 7,282 117,446 1,982 33,596 5,554 Arkansas ......................... 221,201 64,679 9,837 889 15,057 29,434 100 101 14,102 57,400 1,328 28,204 69 California ......................... 2,517,806 691,965 111,557 52,700 140,435 344,881 66,018 3,494 74,588 765,436 13,004 210,819 42,909 Colorado ......................... 254,932 57,264 12,210 6,140 16,096 41,004 2,129 321 11,759 75,903 1,564 26,538 4,004 Connecticut ..................... 181,800 45,962 9,703 5,411 12,061 42,656 1,754 21 6,326 39,105 1,660 17,077 66 Delaware ......................... 63,584 14,308 4,974 67 5,253 9,124 160 0 4,636 15,357 562 7,874 1,267 District of Columbia ........ 369,884 17,857 4,874 1,515 4,363 4,756 716 0 198,518 123,567 570 11,595 1,552 Florida ............................. 979,634 252,802 43,463 11,227 61,095 172,852 8,532 40 26,151 279,772 5,548 103,138 15,014 Georgia ........................... 517,636 143,475 25,677 6,058 37,781 71,144 686 0 35,486 123,752 2,796 61,652 9,129 Hawaii ............................. 86,306 16,056 4,974 17,414 6,247 10,427 1,550 0 6,736 13,863 1,007 8,005 26 Idaho ............................... 102,623 22,888 4,975 3,230 6,904 14,720 747 213 3,351 30,615 650 11,252 3,076 Illinois .............................. 864,739 266,003 44,193 9,063 51,880 133,309 5,639 68 31,564 235,991 4,497 82,230 303 Indiana ............................ 420,921 92,514 19,058 538 30,439 68,549 301 8 12,979 143,409 2,324 44,122 6,681 Iowa ................................ 225,630 42,509 9,446 124 14,669 33,610 615 88 12,268 79,920 1,440 24,582 6,359 Kansas ............................ 213,163 49,909 9,092 9,759 12,565 28,661 989 281 10,230 66,239 1,369 20,909 3,160 Kentucky ......................... 351,966 109,184 15,497 966 23,672 47,360 275 0 14,596 91,289 1,626 41,842 5,659 Louisiana ........................ 476,701 156,947 21,338 5,346 27,048 48,661 2,011 405 25,631 131,605 2,630 47,287 7,793 Maine .............................. 102,845 24,459 4,974 2,443 6,495 16,700 743 112 5,203 26,410 899 12,840 1,567 Maryland ......................... 319,999 72,257 15,573 8,962 19,462 53,545 1,116 129 18,429 90,689 2,209 32,511 5,118 Massachusetts ................ 525,798 103,185 20,499 3,904 23,859 91,048 3,951 61 18,676 202,189 2,522 42,540 13,366 Michigan ......................... 762,383 261,032 39,009 5,025 46,088 99,024 990 2,081 24,918 189,009 4,166 77,117 13,926 Minnesota ....................... 333,882 69,899 15,731 4,632 20,569 56,709 2,158 1,880 13,750 98,648 2,490 36,874 10,541 Mississippi ...................... 316,673 102,740 13,511 3,356 17,571 34,158 100 184 18,073 86,539 1,207 34,041 5,191 Missouri .......................... 418,419 98,868 18,601 6,040 26,773 60,645 1,008 35 13,893 129,487 2,152 48,134 12,782 Montana .......................... 113,558 21,422 4,974 20,219 5,751 9,946 1,606 1,604 7,064 29,748 685 8,949 1,590 Nebraska ........................ 152,432 28,478 5,542 6,728 8,170 19,935 506 342 4,526 60,934 829 14,419 2,024 Nevada ........................... 69,984 15,994 5,026 3,047 6,515 15,190 413 409 1,777 10,214 927 9,142 1,330 New Hampshire .............. 73,135 13,604 4,974 986 6,208 13,074 412 0 2,729 20,196 652 8,984 1,315 New Jersey ..................... 476,660 118,721 24,258 11,571 29,886 99,695 2,086 97 13,214 120,798 3,103 44,273 8,959 New Mexico .................... 223,086 49,780 7,619 36,628 9,840 24,248 4,303 4,327 8,541 56,231 1,181 17,726 2,663 New York ........................ 1,896,975 515,108 71,682 17,716 73,572 214,036 27,341 958 39,106 810,531 7,661 118,750 513 North Carolina ................ 486,613 111,143 22,433 7,820 38,172 77,113 875 1,785 35,211 121,617 2,801 67,496 147 North Dakota .................. 92,451 14,559 4,974 14,665 5,278 7,230 1,464 859 4,165 28,220 597 7,813 2,626 Ohio ................................ 969,863 247,970 41,853 3,537 55,788 126,415 829 6 21,717 338,348 4,762 99,296 29,341 Oklahoma ....................... 317,729 69,293 12,460 18,309 18,847 37,096 7,715 9,493 16,285 88,959 1,600 33,192 4,480 Oregon ............................ 216,654 66,750 10,675 2,516 14,935 33,291 2,289 1,071 8,061 45,714 1,430 26,047 3,876 Pennsylvania .................. 927,378 258,813 42,383 2,611 54,771 125,741 1,668 0 24,468 310,111 5,196 101,323 294 Rhode Island .................. 95,837 17,931 4,974 2,492 6,416 13,187 630 0 2,681 35,950 742 7,965 2,868 South Carolina ................ 317,256 75,967 13,344 5,562 22,092 49,661 129 21 19,326 85,433 2,027 38,894 4,800 South Dakota .................. 149,118 16,314 4,974 13,497 5,355 9,196 1,881 1,755 3,628 82,700 513 7,866 1,439 Tennessee ...................... 401,598 100,063 18,114 2,067 28,832 63,771 283 0 22,784 106,456 2,231 50,489 6,509 Texas .............................. 1,710,624 515,462 77,550 26,965 100,123 223,335 13,402 143 48,108 514,630 6,897 156,266 27,741 Utah ................................ 183,397 28,066 7,820 5,934 12,736 30,149 850 592 7,109 67,321 1,023 19,294 2,502 Vermont .......................... 68,681 13,469 4,974 10 5,106 8,194 274 82 4,259 22,633 552 7,878 1,250 Virginia ............................ 457,917 84,425 19,420 29,334 30,343 73,577 628 10 23,651 143,359 3,014 50,156 0 Washington ..................... 400,936 94,508 17,813 21,761 22,930 57,742 2,514 2,597 15,319 120,064 2,176 37,335 6,177 West Virginia .................. 179,339 57,100 7,753 16 11,636 23,449 45 0 8,275 42,450 1,237 21,738 5,641 Wisconsin ....................... 409,962 101,937 18,972 6,474 25,106 57,479 981 1,435 16,147 127,609 2,306 44,808 6,707 Wyoming ......................... 61,614 13,287 4,974 5,460 4,977 7,562 595 287 3,046 13,002 532 6,605 1,287 Indian tribe setaside ....... 70,234 0 6,763 0 12,311 35,848 0 0 0 0 2,540 10,572 2,200 Undistributed ................... 389,922 22,843 1,120 67,549 2,812 0 0 0 2,138 292,717 7 735 0 Outlying areas American Samoa ............ 7,670 0 1,328 0 349 3,096 194 0 614 822 89 819 358 Federated States of Micronesia ................... 852 0 0 0 100 0 450 0 0 0 0 0 302 Guam .............................. 16,300 0 3,092 0 720 7,415 510 0 1,577 1,316 124 1,352 195 Marshall Islands .............. 203 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103 North Mariana Islands .... 4,899 0 756 0 344 2,254 107 0 79 489 87 680 103 Palau ............................... 1,204 0 2 0 100 662 0 0 0 0 57 202 182 Puerto Rico ..................... 652,497 213,443 24,209 1,181 25,864 49,534 490 0 18,104 258,262 1,516 50,104 9,791 Trust Territory of the Pacific ................... 798 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 798 0 0 0 0 Virgin Islands .................. 14,954 0 2,552 137 847 6,045 352 0 1,618 1,194 87 1,742 380 1 Title I, formerly called Chapter 1, Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981, includes Grants to Local Education Agencies, Migrant Education   Basic State Grants, Program for Neglected and Delinquent Children, Capital Expenses, and Even Start   State Educational Agencies.

2 Title VI, formerly called Chapter 2 Education Consolidation and Improvement Act of 1981, includes Eisenhower Professional Development Grants, Drug Free Schools and Communities   State Grants, Education for Homeless Children and Youth, and Innovative Education Program Strategies.

3 Impact Aid   Basic Support Payments and Impact Aid   Payments for Children with Disabilities.

4 Includes Vocational Education   Basic Grants to States, Tech Prep Education, and Adult Education State Grant Program.

5 Includes Special Education   Grants to States, Preschool Grants, Special Education   Grants for Infants and Families with Disabilities, and Education of Children with Disabilities.

6 Includes Emergency Immigrant Education Program and Bilingual Education State Grants.

7 Includes Institutional Aid to Strengthen Higher Education Institutions serving significant numbers of low income students, Other Special Programs for the Disadvantaged, Cooperative Education, Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, Fellowships and Scholarships, and annual interest subsidy grants for facilities construction. 8 Includes Pell Grants, State Student Incentive Grants, and Guaranteed Student Loan interest subsidies.

9 Includes Public Library Services, Public Library Construction and Technology Enhancement and Interlibrary Cooperation and Resource Sharing.

10 Includes Rehabilitation Services   Vocational Rehabilitation Grants to States, Supported Employment Services for Individuals with Severe Disabilities, Rehabilitation Services   Client Assistance Program, Independent Living   State Grants, and Program of Protection and Advocacy of Individual Rights.

11 Includes State and Local Education Systemic Improvement Grants.

NOTE.   Data reflect revisions to figures in the Budget of the United States Government Fiscal Year 1998. To the extent possible, data represent obligations rather than outlays. Because of the exclusion of certain programs, totals in this table are lower than those reported in other tables. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, based on unpublished tabulations from the Office of Management and Budget; and U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Federal Expenditures by State for Fiscal Year 1996. ( This table was prepared April 1997.) 418 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 367.   Appropriations for Title I and Title VI, Elementary and Secondary Education Act ( ESEA) 1 of 1994, by state or other area: 1996   97 and 1997   98 [ In thousands]

State or other area Title I total, school year 1996   97 2 Title I, 3 school year 1997   98 4 Title VI 5 Total Local education grants Neglected and delinquent children Migrant children Other 6 1996 appropriations for 1996   97 1997 appropriations for 1997   98 Total 7 Basic grants Concentration grants 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total 8 ........................................................................ $ 7,215,249 $ 7,783,127 $ 7,295,232 $ 6,207,799 $ 1,012,028 $ 39,311 $ 305,473 $ 143,111 $ 275,000 $ 310,000 Alabama ........................................................................ 128,784 131,409 125,698 106,699 18,999 617 3,381 1,714 4,220 4,684 Alaska ............................................................................ 25,348 26,662 16,935 15,302 1,633 172 9,071 484 1,365 1,539 Arizona .......................................................................... 105,959 121,119 112,826 95,305 17,521 803 5,774 1,716 4,312 5,032 Arkansas ........................................................................ 78,937 80,476 75,042 64,318 10,724 385 3,995 1,054 2,541 2,866 California ....................................................................... 830,700 924,684 820,147 694,666 125,481 3,640 84,472 16,425 31,703 35,956 Colorado ........................................................................ 69,894 74,147 69,612 60,653 8,959 277 3,238 1,020 3,797 4,280 Connecticut .................................................................... 55,932 71,835 67,008 58,097 8,911 775 2,732 1,320 3,020 3,426 Delaware ....................................................................... 17,074 19,069 17,723 15,250 2,473 202 398 746 1,365 1,539 District of Columbia ....................................................... 21,703 23,309 21,490 18,099 3,391 847 308 664 1,365 1,539 Florida ............................................................................ 306,097 358,106 328,272 280,197 48,075 1,326 23,513 4,995 12,480 14,442 Georgia .......................................................................... 175,799 200,419 191,891 164,749 27,141 1,377 4,596 2,556 7,289 8,247 Hawaii ............................................................................ 19,751 20,746 20,124 17,290 2,835 120 0 502 1,365 1,539 Idaho .............................................................................. 27,055 26,092 21,879 19,128 2,751 100 3,588 524 1,366 1,553 Illinois ............................................................................. 327,388 334,055 324,606 278,804 45,802 1,719 2,048 5,682 11,763 13,249 Indiana ........................................................................... 113,324 117,423 111,758 100,338 11,420 632 3,248 1,784 5,784 6,486 Iowa ............................................................................... 52,283 53,355 51,587 47,050 4,537 237 608 923 2,937 3,249 Kansas ........................................................................... 59,938 64,479 53,947 47,957 5,991 539 9,112 881 2,748 3,066 Kentucky ........................................................................ 132,963 137,956 127,104 107,970 19,134 859 7,944 2,049 3,845 4,276 Louisiana ....................................................................... 192,972 197,894 191,287 161,779 29,509 656 2,564 3,386 4,870 5,426 Maine ............................................................................. 29,334 32,818 28,085 25,272 2,814 132 4,095 506 1,365 1,539 Maryland ........................................................................ 88,763 101,037 97,405 85,142 12,263 1,113 320 2,199 4,795 5,432 Massachusetts ............................................................... 125,917 148,846 142,984 121,950 21,033 743 2,196 2,924 5,431 6,123 Michigan ........................................................................ 319,188 340,649 321,769 276,704 45,065 958 12,852 5,070 9,893 11,037 Minnesota ...................................................................... 85,557 90,942 86,178 76,809 9,369 197 2,562 2,005 4,957 5,557 Mississippi ..................................................................... 126,428 127,989 124,675 106,146 18,529 279 1,137 1,898 2,978 3,325 Missouri ......................................................................... 117,408 128,881 124,488 107,700 16,788 709 1,097 2,587 5,442 6,082 Montana ......................................................................... 26,226 26,509 25,308 21,716 3,592 68 620 514 1,365 1,539 Nebraska ....................................................................... 34,365 36,505 31,736 28,834 2,902 297 3,562 911 1,768 1,978 Nevada .......................................................................... 19,543 22,897 21,881 19,364 2,517 170 348 499 1,417 1,679 New Hampshire ............................................................. 16,648 17,689 16,730 15,324 1,407 347 89 523 1,365 1,539 New Jersey .................................................................... 145,386 165,699 158,037 136,704 21,333 2,464 1,133 4,064 7,333 8,330 New Mexico ................................................................... 61,052 64,712 62,366 52,663 9,703 292 1,037 1,018 1,941 2,174 New York ....................................................................... 627,760 691,343 665,779 568,981 96,799 2,786 7,094 15,684 16,973 19,091 North Carolina ............................................................... 136,057 144,469 137,011 119,980 17,031 1,001 4,636 1,820 6,759 7,723 North Dakota ................................................................. 17,773 18,866 17,675 15,393 2,282 46 571 574 1,365 1,539 Ohio ............................................................................... 307,328 307,721 298,122 257,641 40,481 2,118 1,598 5,882 11,232 12,541 Oklahoma ...................................................................... 85,198 89,482 86,346 73,844 12,502 359 1,608 1,170 3,486 3,892 Oregon ........................................................................... 79,527 80,243 67,462 59,481 7,981 1,198 10,614 969 3,112 3,530 Pennsylvania ................................................................. 315,880 338,981 323,243 280,804 42,440 670 6,572 8,496 11,385 12,769 Rhode Island ................................................................. 21,939 25,482 24,175 21,094 3,081 357 122 829 1,365 1,539 South Carolina ............................................................... 93,480 95,786 93,292 79,932 13,360 871 433 1,190 3,680 4,095 South Dakota ................................................................. 19,921 20,536 19,289 16,676 2,613 191 536 519 1,365 1,539 Tennessee ..................................................................... 123,385 130,600 128,056 108,973 19,083 620 173 1,750 5,049 5,677 Texas ............................................................................. 625,538 682,084 627,681 532,726 94,955 2,034 42,739 9,630 20,300 22,947 Utah ............................................................................... 34,293 35,270 33,044 29,508 3,536 445 1,274 508 2,661 2,949 Vermont ......................................................................... 16,327 17,774 16,307 14,525 1,781 104 845 518 1,365 1,539 Virginia ........................................................................... 102,822 111,611 108,448 95,505 12,944 932 661 1,570 6,151 6,903 Washington .................................................................... 113,398 123,404 107,699 93,183 14,515 778 13,339 1,588 5,499 6,204 West Virginia ................................................................. 70,426 74,226 72,921 61,857 11,064 228 110 967 1,742 1,895 Wisconsin ...................................................................... 125,368 128,105 124,316 113,849 10,467 936 595 2,258 5,406 6,065 Wyoming ........................................................................ 16,270 16,624 15,894 14,313 1,581 87 153 490 1,365 1,539 Other activities Bureau of Indian Affairs ................................................ 41,609 45,458 45,458 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Migrant coordination activities ....................................... 5,999 5,998 0 0 0 0 5,998 0 0 0 Even Start Migrant, Indian, and Territory setaside ....... 8,600 8,600 3,500 0 0 0 0 5,100 0 0 Even Start Evaluation/ Technical Assistance ............... 1,374 1,369 0 0 0 0 0 1,369 0 0 Even Start/ State Literacy Initiative ................................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Competitive grants ........................................................ 5,000 5,000 5,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Outlying areas American Samoa ........................................................... 4,978 5,141 5,141 0 0 0 0 0 330 373 Guam ............................................................................. 4,846 4,819 4,819 0 0 0 0 0 771 869 Northern Marianas ......................................................... 2,362 2,734 2,734 0 0 0 0 0 188 212 Puerto Rico .................................................................... 261,604 274,238 262,487 221,557 40,929 497 4,164 7,090 4,624 5,122 Virgin Islands ................................................................. 8,474 8,753 8,753 0 0 0 0 0 635 716 1 Elementary and Secondary Education Act was most recently revised through the Improving America's Schools Act ( IASA) of 1994. 2 Data are based on fiscal year 1997 budget authorizations. Excludes $ 3,359,000 for Title I evaluation. 3 Formerly Chapter 1. 4 Data are based on fiscal year 1998 budget authorizations. Excludes $ 6,977,000 for Title I evaluation. 5 Formerly Chapter 2. 6 Includes capital expenses, and Even Start grants. 7 Includes other programs not shown separately. 8 Total includes other activities and outlying areas. NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Budget Service, Elementary, Secondary, and Vocational Education Analysis Division, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared March 1998.) 419 FEDERAL PROGRAMS Table 368.   Federal science and engineering obligations to colleges and universities, by agency and state: Fiscal year 1996 1 [ In thousands]