In the conceptual model, ground deposition of liquid and granular formulations, spray drift, and wind erosion of soil particles with resulting residues on foliage and on flowers and seeds, including granules on the ground are the most likely sources of flurprimidol exposure to non-target terrestrial animals, including listed species.  Risks to terrestrial animals and plants were assessed based on modeled EECs and available toxicity data.  As part of the terrestrial assessment, exposure concentrations of flurprimidol to non-target terrestrial plants and animals were modeled according to the labeled application rates for ornamentals and turfgrasses. For terrestrial birds and mammals, estimates of upper-bound levels of flurprimidol residues on various food items and granules, which may be contacted or consumed by wildlife, were determined using the Fletcher nomogram followed by a first order decline model TREX 1.4.1. Risk to soil-dwelling invertebrates was determined by estimating the amount of flurprimidol residues in soil. Likewise, the TerrPlant 1.2.2 model was used to estimate exposure to non-target plants.

		1.	Birds

a.    Potential Acute Risks from Broadcast and Banded Spray Applications to Foliar and Ground Surfaces and Direct Ingestion of Granules

Since definitive acute oral and dietary toxicity thresholds were not established in the submitted studies, acute avian RQs were not estimated for birds (surrogate for reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians).  Flurprimidol is categorized as practically non-toxic on an oral and dietary basis to two avian species (acute LD50 >2000 mg ai/kg-bw; >4310 mg ai/kg-diet).

Because acute avian RQs were not estimated due to non-definitive acute toxicity thresholds, to be certain the “greater than” concentrations were tested high enough in the acute avian studies to be protective of non-listed and listed species, these acute values for birds were compared with an exposure value to determine if the EEC is greater than 1/10th or ½ of the highest concentrations tested. The highest T-REX dosed-based EEC for birds is 567 mg/kg bw for short grass consumed by a 20 g bird selected from the maximum exposure scenario following four spray applications at 0.75 lb ai/A with a 14-day interval. A comparison of the adjusted LD50 for 20 g birds of >1440 mg ai/kg-bw with the T-REX dose-based EEC (567 mg/kg) indicates a 2.5-fold difference between the highest EEC and the concentrations which produced a lethal effect on 50% of the birds species. For that reason, there is an uncertainty for listed bird species (the LOC for listed bird species is 0.1) because the dose-based EEC is greater than 1/10th of the highest dose tested in the studies. Also, a comparison of the dietary LC50 with the highest dietary-based EEC indicates a 8.5-fold difference and because the dietary-based EEC is greater than 1/10th of the highest dose tested, the uncertainty for listed birds also exists on a dietary basis. None of the dose- or dietary-based EECs was greater than half of the highest doses tested; thus, there are no concerns for non-listed bird species (the LOC for non-listed bird species is 0.5).

With an uncertainty for listed bird species, risk is expected to be minimal for birds foraging any of the selected food items, earthworms, or granules with flurprimidol residues; avian species are likely not at risk for adverse effects to survival from acute oral or dietary exposures to flurprimidol as a result of the labeled uses.

b. 	Potential Chronic Risks from Broadcast and Banded Spray Applications to Foliar and Ground Surfaces.

For broadcast spray applications to foliar surfaces using the maximum (four applications at 0.75 lb ai/A with a two-week reapplication interval) and minimum (twelve applications at 0.26 lb ai/A with a two-week reapplication interval) exposure scenarios with upper bound EECs and an NOAEC of 309 mg ai/kg-diet, the chronic LOC is exceeded only when the maximum scenario is assumed. With four broadcast spray applications at 0.75 lb ai/A, the RQ of 1.6 for birds feeding on short grass exceeds the chronic LOC of 1. However, there are no LOC exceedances for birds feeding on the other assessed feed items for the maximum scenario and for birds feeding on all the assessed feed items when the minimum exposure scenario is assumed. Although there is an exceedance of the chronic LOC based on the maximum exposure scenario, the potential risk for adverse effects to growth and reproduction is based on the assumption that birds occupy the area permanently and are feeding on short grass exclusively within the treated areas where turfgrasses are grown. To the extent that those birds do not reside permanently within the treated area, exposure will be less and risk is presumably less. In addition, there are no LOC exceedances for both scenarios when the mean EECs are assumed.

Chronic risks to birds from banded spray applications to ground surfaces are not estimated due to model limitations; given that banded sprays are applied along the perimeter of lawns, landscape beds, sidewalks, curbs, parking lots, driveways, posts, mailboxes, building structures, and other similar areas where turfgrasses are grown rather than on an one-acre field as T-REX assumes; exposure to birds from banded applications will be lower than broadcast applications; thus, risk will be presumably less but not ruled out since the LOC was exceeded for broadcast applications.

c.	Potential Chronic Risks from Direct Ingestion of Granules

EFED has no standard methodology for assessing chronic risk to birds from granular applications.  The following chronic exposure estimation and risk characterization for birds considers granular routes of exposure including direct ingestion of soil invertebrates that have bioconcentrated pesticide residues of granules in soil; thus, EFED has taken further steps to characterize the potential for chronic risk to avian species exposed to flurprimidol granules. Based on the highest EEC of flurprimidol in earthworm tissue (35 µg a.i./kg) and lowest avian NOAEC of 309 mg a.i./kg-diet, the chronic LOC is not exceeded (Table VI-2) and is 8800x lower than the modeled EEC for insectivorous birds exposed to flurprimidol granules via ingestion of earthworms at the maximum application rate of 3.0 lb a.i./A (see Appendix D). For birds, direct consumption of granules and dose-based risk quotients for direct consumption of earthworm are not calculated for the chronic risk estimation, the risks are unknown.

Table VI-2.  Dietary-based Chronic RQ for Insectivorous Birds

Application Rate

Body Weight (g)

Earthworm EEC

(mg/kg-earthworm)

NOAEC

(mg a.i./kg)

Chronic RQa

3.0 lb a.i./A	All	0.035	309	<0.1

a Chronic RQ = Earthworm EEC / NOAEC.

		2.	Terrestrial-phase Amphibians and Reptiles

a.    	Potential Acute Risks from Broadcast and Banded Spray Applications to Foliar and Ground Surfaces and Direct Ingestion of Granules

EFED currently uses data on surrogate species (birds) to assess non-target terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles. Based on the evaluation of potential acute risks to birds, potential acute risks to reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians are also lower than the Agency’s listed species level of concern. Thus, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians would not be at risk for adverse effects on survival from granular or foliar consumption. However, the evaluation also indicates there is an uncertainty for listed reptiles and amphibians because the upper bound EECs were higher than 1/10th of the highest doses tested in the acute oral and dietary studies with birds.

b. 	Potential Chronic Risks from Broadcast Spray Applications to Foliar and Ground Surfaces.

Based on the evaluation of potential chronic risks to birds from foliar sprays, potential chronic risks to reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians are also higher than the Agency’s listed species level of concern. Thus, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians would be at risk for adverse effects on reproduction and growth from foliar consumption. Similar to birds, exposure to reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians from banded applications to ground surfaces will be lower than broadcast applications; thus, risk will be presumably less but not ruled out.

c.	Potential Chronic Risks from Direct Ingestion of Granules

Based on the evaluation of potential chronic risks to birds from ingestion of soil invertebrates as one of the granular routes, potential chronic risks to reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians are also lower than the Agency’s listed species level of concern. Thus, reptiles and terrestrial-phase amphibians would not be at risk for adverse effects on reproduction and growth from indirect granule (soil invertebrate) consumption with flurprimidol residues. However, the chronic risk from direct granule consumption is unknown.

		3.	Mammals

a.	Potential Acute Risks from Broadcast Spray Applications to Foliar Surfaces

Acute RQs – Broadcast Spray Applications to Foliar Surfaces (Reg. No. 67690-15, Cutless 50W Turf Growth Regulator)

Based on the maximum exposure scenario (four broadcast spray applications of 0.75 lb ai/A with a reapplication interval of 2 week) using Cutless 50W Turf Growth Regulator (Reg. No. 67690-15) and maximum predicted EECs, the acute mammalian dose-based risk quotients for broadcast spray applications to foliar surfaces exceed the acute restricted use and endangered species LOCs for 15 g and 35 g mammals consuming short grass and the endangered species LOC is exceeded for 1000 g mammals consuming short grass and for 15 g and 35 g mammals consuming tall grass, broadleaves and small insects. In addition, there is an exceedance of the endangered species LOC for 15g mammals consuming short grass when mean predicted EECs are assumed.

A closer look of the terrestrial assessment indicates that for 15 g mammals feeding on short grass, the endangered species LOC is exceeded if flurprimidol is applied at least once and for 35 g mammals feeding on short grass, it requires two or more applications to exceed the LOC. It requires three or more applications for potential risk to 1000 g mammals feeding on short grass with residues of the active ingredient.

For the lower (minimum) exposure scenario (12 broadcast spray applications of 0.26 lb ai/A with a reapplication interval of 2 week) and maximum predicted EECs, the endangered species LOC is exceeded for 15g and 35g mammals consuming short grass. However, there are no LOC exceedances with mean predicted EECs.

b.	Potential Acute Risks from Banded Spray Applications to Ground Surfaces

Acute LD50/ft2 – Banded Spray Applications to Ground Surfaces (Reg. No. 67690-46, SP5075 Turf Growth Regulator)

Based on the maximum exposure scenario for banded spray applications to ground surfaces using the SP5075 Turf Growth Regulator product and intermediate EECs, the acute mammalian LD50/ft2 exceed the acute restricted use and endangered species LOCs for 15 g mammals while the endangered species LOC is exceeded for 35 g mammals inhabiting the treated areas where flurprimidol is applied to the ground. The RQs ranged from 0.01 to 0.31 for a banded spray application to ground surface at 0.69 lb a.i./A, respectively, with small-sized mammals affected the most when exposed.

c.	Potential Acute Risks from Direct Ingestion of Granules

Acute LD50/ft2 – Broadcast Granular Applications to Ground Surfaces (Reg. No. 67690-19, Turf Fertilizer – Contains Cutless 0.5% and Reg. No. 67690-13, Cutless 0.33G Landscape Growth Regulator)

Based on one broadcast application of granules at 3.0 lb a.i./A using either the turf fertilizer (Reg. No. 67690-19) or landscape regulator (Reg. No. 67690-13) product and intermediate EECs, the acute risk, restricted use, and endangered species LOCs are exceeded for 15 g and 35 g mammals inhabiting the treated areas. However, for broadcast applications of granules to ground surfaces at 0.75 lb a.i./A and 3-week intervals, the restricted use and endangered species LOCs are exceeded for 15 g mammals and the endangered species LOC is exceeded for 35 g mammals.

Acute LD50/ft2 – Banded Granular Applications to Ground Surfaces (Reg. No. 67690-44, Turf Fertilizer – Contains Cutless 0.17% and Reg. No. 67690-13, Cutless 0.33G Landscape Growth Regulator)

Based on banded applications of granules at 1.5 lb a.i./A and 8-week intervals using either the turf fertilizer (Reg. No. 67690-44) or landscape regulator (Reg. No. 67690-13) product and intermediate EECs, the RQ of 0.67 for 15 g mammals exceed the acute risk, restricted use, and endangered species LOCs, the RQ of 0.35 for 35 g mammals exceed the acute restricted use and endangered species LOCs, and the RQ of 0.03 for 1000 g mammals does not exceeded any of the LOCs.

d.	Number of Granules Needed to be Consumed by a Mammal to Achieve Toxicity Thresholds

To better characterize the risks to mammals, this baseline risk assessment also estimates the minimum foraging area (square feet) needed to allow for direct ingestion of sufficient mass of flurprimidol granules to achieve a dose that exceeds the adjusted LD50 by assuming that a mammal consumes 100%, 50% or 10% of the available granules depending on mammal’s weight class. In order to derive a first approximation of acute exposure and risk to granular flurprimidol for mammals that may directly consume granules, the TREX model takes into account that 100% of mammal’s diet is comprised of granules.  Therefore, EFED has taken further steps to characterize the potential for acute risk to mammalian species by evaluating how much area would need to be foraged to achieve the amount of flurprimidol granules necessary to trigger the Agency’s Levels of Concern (LOCs). Tables VI-3, VI-4, and VI-5 calculate the number of granules and minimum foraging area needed to exceed Agency’s LOCs at 0.75 lb a.i./A, 1.5 lb a.i./A, and 3.0 lb a.i./A granular flurprimidol.

Table VI-3.  Estimates of the number of granules, and minimum area foraged needed for a 15g, 35g, and 1000g mammal to achieve the EEC that would trigger an exceedance of the adjusted LD50, acute risk LOC (0.5), and endangered species risk (0.5) levels of concern (LOCs) based on an application rate of 0.75 lb a.i./A

	Mammal Size (grams)

	15	35	1000

No. of Consumed Granules Required to Reach the Specified LOC	Adjusted LD50	24	44	545

	Acute Risk LOC (0.5)	12	22	273

	Endangered Species LOC (0.1)	3	5	55

Area of Field to be Foraged (square feet) to Achieve the Endangered Species LOC Based on Application Rate of 0.75 lb/A.*	Assuming a 100% Feeding Efficiency	0.3	0.6	7

	Assuming a 50% Feeding Efficiency	0.6	1	14

	Assuming a 10% Feeding Efficiency	3.0	6	70

* Immediate EEC = 7.81 mg/square feet (excluding row spacing, bandwidth, and # of rows input parameters)

In Table VI-3 above, it was estimated that it would take a 15g mammal to consume 3 granules that would result in an exceedance of the endangered species LOC.  Based on the application rate of 0.75 lb/A, this number of granules could be gleaned from 0.3, 0.6, or 3 square feet (within the treated band) when assuming a 100%, 50%, or 10% feeding efficiency, respectively.  To achieve an EEC equivalent dose that would result in an exceedance of the endangered species LOC, a 1000g mammal would have to consume 55 granules. It was estimated that this number of granules could be consumed in an area of 7, 14, or 70 square feet when assuming a 100%, 50%, or 10% feeding efficiency, respectively.

Table VI-4 calculates the number of granules and minimum foraging area needed to exceed Agency’s LOCs at the minimum application rate of 1.5 lb/A granular flurprimidol.

Table VI-4.  Estimates of the number of granules, and minimum area foraged needed for a 15g, 35g, and 1000g mammal to achieve the EEC that would trigger an exceedance of the adjusted LD50, acute risk LOC (0.5), and endangered species risk (0.5) levels of concern (LOCs) based on an application rate of 1.5 lb/A

	Mammal Size (grams)

	15	35	1000

No. of Consumed Granules Required to Reach the Specified LOC	Adjusted LD50	24	44	545

	Acute Risk LOC (0.5)	12	22	273

	Endangered Species LOC (0.1)	3	5	55

Area of Field to be Foraged (square feet) to Achieve the Endangered Species LOC Based on Application Rate of 1.5 lb/A.*	Assuming a 100% Feeding Efficiency	0.15	0.28	4

	Assuming a 50% Feeding Efficiency	0.3	0.57	7

	Assuming a 10% Feeding Efficiency	1.5	2.83	35

* Immediate EEC = 15.62 mg/square feet (excluding row spacing, bandwidth, and # of rows input parameters)

In Table VI-4 above, it was estimated that it would take a 15g mammal to consume 3 granules that would result in an exceedance of the endangered species LOC.  Based on the application rate of 1.5 lb/A, this number of granules could be gleaned from 0.15, 0.3, or 1.5 square feet (within the treated band) when assuming a 100%, 50%, or 10% feeding efficiency, respectively.  To achieve an EEC equivalent dose that would result in an exceedance of the endangered species LOC, a 1000g mammal would have to consume 55 granules. It was estimated that this number of granules could be consumed in an area of 4, 7, or 35 square feet when assuming a 100%, 50%, or 10% feeding efficiency, respectively.

Table VI-5 calculates the number of granules and minimum foraging area needed to exceed Agency’s LOCs at the minimum application rate of 3.0 lb/A granular flurprimidol.

Table VI-5.  Estimates of the number of granules, and minimum area foraged needed for a 15g, 35g, and 1000g mammal to achieve the EEC that would trigger an exceedance of the adjusted LD50, acute risk LOC (0.5), and endangered species risk (0.5) levels of concern (LOCs) based on an application rate of 3.0 lb/A

	Mammal Size (grams)

	15	35	1000

No. of Consumed Granules Required to Reach the Specified LOC	Adjusted LD50	24	44	545

	Acute Risk LOC (0.5)	12	22	273

	Endangered Species LOC (0.1)	3	5	55

Area of Field to be Foraged (square feet) to Achieve the Endangered Species LOC Based on Application Rate of 3.0 lb/A.*	Assuming a 100% Feeding Efficiency	0.07	0.14	1.75

	Assuming a 50% Feeding Efficiency	0.15	0.28	3.5

	Assuming a 10% Feeding Efficiency	0.75	1.4	17.5

* Immediate EEC = 31.24 mg/square feet (excluding row spacing, bandwidth, and # of rows input parameters)

In Table VI-5 above, it was estimated that it would take a 15g mammal to consume 3 granules that would result in an exceedance of the endangered species LOC.  Based on the application rate of 3.0 lb/A, this number of granules could be gleaned from 0.07, 0.15, or 0.75 square feet (within the treated band) when assuming a 100%, 50%, or 10% feeding efficiency, respectively.  To achieve an EEC equivalent dose that would result in an exceedance of the endangered species LOC, a 1000g mammal would have to consume 55 granules. It was estimated that this number of granules could be consumed in an area of 1.75, 3.5, or 17.5 square feet when assuming a 100%, 50%, or 10% feeding efficiency, respectively.

e. 	Potential Chronic Risks from Broadcast Spray Applications to Foliar Surfaces

Chronic RQs – Broadcast Spray Applications to Foliar Surfaces (Reg. No. 67690-15, Cutless 50W Turf Growth Regulator)

Based on the maximum exposure scenario (four broadcast spray applications of 0.75 lb ai/A with a reapplication interval of 2 week) using Cutless 50W Turf Growth Regulator (Reg. No. 67690-15) and maximum predicted EECs, the chronic mammalian dose-based risk quotients for broadcast spray applications to foliar surfaces exceed the Chronic LOC for mammals of all weight classes consuming all the assessed feed items except for 1000 g mammals consuming fruits, seeds, and large insects. In addition, there is an exceedance of the Chronic LOC for mammals of all weight classes consuming all assessed feed items except fruits, seeds, and large insects when mean predicted EECs are assumed.

A closer look of the terrestrial assessment indicates that for 15 g, 35 g, and 1000 g mammals feeding on any of the assessed feed items except fruits, seeds, and large insects, the chronic LOC is exceeded after one application of flurprimidol.

For the lower (minimum) exposure scenario (12 broadcast spray applications of 0.26 lb ai/A with a reapplication interval of 2 week) and maximum predicted EECs, the Chronic LOC is exceeded for mammals of all weight classes consuming all the assessed feed items except for fruits, seeds, and large insects. However, the mean predicted EECs did not remove the LOC exceedances for mammals of all weight classes consuming short grass, tall grass, broadleaves, and small insects.

f. 	Potential Chronic Risks from Banded Spray Applications to Ground Surfaces

Chronic LD50/ft2 – Banded Spray Applications to Ground Surfaces (Reg. No. 67690-46, SP5075 Turf Growth Regulator)

Chronic risks to mammals from banded spray applications to ground surfaces are not estimated due to model limitations; given that banded sprays are applied along the perimeter of lawns, landscape beds, sidewalks, curbs, parking lots, driveways, posts, mailboxes, building structures, and other similar areas where turfgrasses are grown rather than on an one-acre field as T-REX assumes; exposure to mammals from banded applications will be lower than broadcast applications; thus, risk will be presumably less but not ruled out since the RQs were high for broadcast applications.

g.	Potential Chronic Risks from Direct Ingestion of Granules

Similar to birds, EFED has no standard methodology for assessing chronic risk to mammals from granular applications.  The following chronic exposure estimation and risk characterization for mammals considers granular routes of exposure including direct ingestion of soil invertebrates that have bioconcentrated pesticide residues of granules in soil; thus, EFED has taken further steps to characterize the potential for chronic risk to mammalian species exposed to flurprimidol granules. Based on the highest EEC of flurprimidol in earthworm tissue (35 µg a.i./kg) and lowest mammalian NOAEC of 100 mg a.i./kg-diet, the chronic LOC is not exceeded (Table VI-6) and is 2860x lower than the modeled EEC for insectivorous mammals exposed to flurprimidol granules via ingestion of earthworms at the maximum application rate of 3.0 lb a.i./A (see Appendix D). Similar to birds, direct consumption of granules and dose-based risk quotients for direct consumption of earthworm are not calculated for the chronic risk estimation, the risks are unknown.

Table VI-6.  Dietary-based Chronic RQ for Insectivorous Mammals

Application Rate

Body Weight (g)

Earthworm EEC

(mg/kg-earthworm)

NOAEC

(mg a.i./kg)

Chronic RQa

3.0 lb a.i./A	All	0.035	100	<0.1

a Chronic RQ = Earthworm EEC / NOAEC.

		4.	Soil-Dwelling Invertebrates

Since a definitive acute toxicity threshold was not established in the submitted earthworm study, acute soil invertebrates RQs were not estimated for earthworm. Flurprimidol is categorized as practically non-toxic on an acute basis to earthworms (acute LD50 >100 mg ai/kg). Risk is expected to be minimal for soil-dwelling invertebrates burrowing soils with flurprimidol residues; soil-dwelling invertebrate species are not at risk for adverse effects to survival from acute exposure to flurprimidol as a result of the labeled uses.

		5.	Beneficial Insects

The available terrestrial insect toxicity data, based on tests with honeybees, suggest that flurprimidol is practically non-toxic to bees on an acute contact basis. The LD50 value was >100 µg ai/bee. Risk to beneficial insects in the direct treatment area exposed to the AI is expected to be minimal; consequently, precautionary labeling for honeybee protections is not required at this time.

		6.	Terrestrial Plants

Based on the use scenarios assessed and the available toxicity information, the non-listed and listed plant LOCs (LOC >1) were exceeded for terrestrial plants exposed to flurprimidol (Table V-16), depending on which label is used. For instance, spray drift is not a concern for flurprimidol except when a 0.75 lb a.i./A foliar spray is applied. The listed plant LOC was exceeded for all use scenarios with the exception of monocots in dry areas based on one broadcast foliar application at 0.26 lb ai/A and one broadcast application of granules at 0.75 lb ai/A. There is some uncertainty regarding the potential risk to terrestrial plants because flurprimidol regulates plant growth without killing the plants as seen in the seedling emergence and vegetative vigor toxicity studies with monocots and dicots. Thus, it is possible that flurprimidol is not lethal to terrestrial plants. It is uncertain of the impact on endangered and threatened plants inhabiting areas adjacent to treated areas when exposed to flurprimidol as a result of spray drift and runoff. However, when those plants come in contact with flurprimidol, it is anticipated that reduced growth or a delay in growth will be observed, but it is uncertain how flurprimidol will affect one’s ability to survive, grow, and reproduce.

C.  	Review of Incident Data

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 A search of the EIIS (Environmental Incident Information System) database for ecological incidents (searched on April 5, 2010) reported no adverse ecological incidents.

	D.   	Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program

As required under FFDCA section 408(p), EPA has developed the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) to determine whether certain substances (including pesticide active and other ingredients) may have an effect in humans or wildlife similar to an effect produced by a “naturally occurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate.”  The EDSP employs a two-tiered approach to making the statutorily required determinations. Tier 1 consists of a battery of 11 screening assays to identify the potential of a chemical substance to interact with the estrogen, androgen, or thyroid (E, A, or T) hormonal systems.  Chemicals that go through Tier 1 screening and are found to have the potential to interact with E, A, or T hormonal systems will proceed to the next stage of the EDSP where EPA will determine which, if any, of the Tier 2 tests are necessary based on the available data. Tier 2 testing is designed to identify any adverse endocrine related effects caused by the substance, and establish a dose-response relationship between the dose and the E, A, or T effect.

Between October 2009 and February 2010, EPA is issuing test orders/data call-ins for the first group of 67 chemicals, which contains 58 pesticide active ingredients and 9 inert ingredients.  This list of chemicals was selected based on the potential for human exposure through pathways such as food and water, residential activity, and certain post-application agricultural scenarios.  This list should not be construed as a list of known or likely endocrine disruptors.

Flurprimidol is not among the group of 58 pesticide active ingredients on the initial list to be screened under the EDSP.  Under FFDCA sec. 408(p) the Agency must screen all pesticide chemicals.  Accordingly, EPA anticipates issuing future EDSP test orders/data call-ins for all pesticide active ingredients.

For further information on the status of the EDSP, the policies and procedures, the list of 67 chemicals, the test guidelines and the Tier 1 screening battery, please visit our website:  http://www.epa.gov/endo/.

E.  	Federally Threatened and Endangered (Listed) Species Concerns

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. Section 1536(a)(2), requires all federal agencies to ensure that any action they authorize, fund, or carry out is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species or result in destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat. To jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species means “to engage in an action that reasonably would be expected, directly or indirectly, to reduce appreciably the likelihood of both the survival and recovery of a listed species in the wild by reducing the reproduction, numbers, or distribution of the species” (50 CFR 402.02).

To facilitate compliance with the requirements of the Endangered Species Act (subsection (a)(2)), the Office of Pesticide Programs has established procedures to evaluate whether a proposed registration action may direct or indirectly appreciably reduce the likelihood of both the survival and recovery of a listed species (USEPA, 2004.). After the Agency’s baseline risk assessment is conducted, if any of the Agency’s listed species LOCs are exceeded for either direct or indirect effects, an analysis is conducted to determine if any listed or candidate species could be contaminated from runoff/erosion or direct ingestion of granules. If listed or candidate species may be present in the proposed action area, further biological assessment is undertaken. The extent to which listed species may be at risk is considered, which then determined the need for development of a more comprehensive consultation package, as required by the Endangered Species Act.

The federal action addressed herein is the proposed registration for nationwide use of flurprimidol on turf grass and ornamentals. According to the USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) 2002 census, the proposed uses are likely to found everywhere in the States, especially golf courses and athletic fields.

			1. 	Action Area

For listed species assessment purposes, the action area is considered to be the area affected directly or indirectly by the Federal action and not merely the immediate area involved in the action.  At the initial baseline, the risk assessment considers broadly described taxonomic groups and so conservatively assumes that listed species within those broad groups are co-located with the pesticide treatment area.  This means that terrestrial plants and wildlife are assumed to be located on or adjacent to the treated site and aquatic animals and plants are assumed to be located in a surface water body adjacent to the treated site.  The assessment also assumes that the listed species are located within an assumed area that has the relatively highest potential exposure to the pesticide, and that exposures are likely to decrease with distance from the treatment area.

At this time EFED cannot make a “no effect” or “may effect” determination if the assumptions associated with the baseline action area result in RQs that are below or above the listed species LOCs since the Service(s) has not identified which listed species and critical habitat are potentially implicated. Furthermore, if RQs are below the listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group, this may indicate a “no concern” for indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon the taxonomic group covered by the RQ as a resource.  However, in situations where the baseline assumptions lead to RQs in excess of the listed species LOCs for a given taxonomic group, a potential for a "may affect" conclusion could exist and may be associated with direct effects on listed species belonging to that taxonomic group or may extend to indirect effects upon listed species that depend upon that taxonomic group as a resource. In such cases, additional information on the biology of listed species, the locations of these species, and the locations of use sites could be considered along with available information on the fate and transport properties of the pesticide to determine the extent to which baseline assumptions regarding an action area apply to a particular listed animal.  These subsequent refinement steps could consider how this information would impact the action area for a particular listed animal and may potentially include areas of exposure that are downwind and downstream of the pesticide use site.

			2. 	Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk

The baseline risk assessment for listed species indicates these following taxonomic groups are potentially at risk when exposed to flurprimidol (Table I-1).

Chronic risk to birds from foraging on short grass with flurprimidol residues following four broadcast sprays of 0.75 lb a.i./A with a two-week reapplication interval;

Acute and chronic risks to mammals from foraging on assessed feed items following any of the broadcast and banded spray applications;

Acute risk to 15 g and 35 g mammals from ingestion of granules following any of the broadcast and banded granular applications;

Risks to seedling emergence and vegetative vigor of monocots and dicots when exposed to flurprimidol as a result of runoff and spray drift following any application; and

Risks to aquatic vascular plants when exposed to flurprimidol as a result of runoff and spray drift following any application.

				a.	Discussion of Risk Quotients

The Agency’s LOC for endangered birds (surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles), mammals, and terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants is exceeded for the use of flurprimidol as outlined in previous sections. Should estimated exposure levels occur in proximity to listed resources, the available baseline information may suggest a potential concern for direct effects on listed species within these taxonomic groups listed above associated with the currently supported uses of flurprimidol.

		3. 	Indirect Effects Analysis

Modeled exposures for the following taxonomic groups indicate LOC exceedances for birds and mammals; consequently, there is a potential for indirect effects to listed species dependent upon birds and mammals for food, pollination or seed dispersal, or using burrows or cover requirements for shelter and breeding habitat.  In addition, since birds serve as the surrogate for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles, there is concern for potential indirect effects to listed species dependent on listed terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

In addition, the listed plant LOC was exceeded for terrestrial and aquatic vascular plants; there is a concern for potential indirect effects to listed species dependent on terrestrial and/or aquatic vascular plants for habitat, feeding, or cover requirements.

4.	Critical Habitat

In the evaluation of pesticide effects on designated critical habitat, consideration is given to the physical and biological features (constituent elements) of a critical habitat identified by the U.S Fish and Wildlife and National Marine Fisheries Services as essential to the conservation of a listed species and which may require special management considerations or protection.   The evaluation of impacts for a baseline pesticide risk assessment focuses on the biological features that are constituent elements and is accomplished using the baseline taxonomic analysis (risk quotients, RQs) and listed species levels of concern (LOCs) that are used to evaluate direct and indirect effects to listed animals.

The baseline risk assessment has identified potential concerns for indirect effects on listed species for those animals and plants dependant upon birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians, reptiles, mammals, terrestrial plants, and aquatic vascular plants.  In light of the potential for indirect effects, the next step for EPA and the Service(s) is to identify which listed species and critical habitat are potentially implicated.  Analytically, the identification of such species and critical habitat can occur in either of two ways.  First, the agencies could determine whether the action area overlaps critical habitat or the occupied range of any listed species.  If so, EPA would examine whether the pesticide's potential impacts on non-listed species would affect the listed species indirectly or directly affect a constituent element of the critical habitat.  Alternatively, the agencies could determine which listed species depend on biological resources, or have constituent elements that fall into, the taxa that may be directly or indirectly impacted by the pesticide.  Then EPA would determine whether use of the pesticide overlaps the critical habitat or the occupied range of those listed species.  At present, the information reviewed by EPA does not permit use of either analytical approach to make a definitive identification of species that are potentially impacted indirectly or critical habitats that is potentially impacted directly by the use of the pesticide.  EPA and the Service(s) are working together to conduct the necessary analysis.

This baseline risk assessment for critical habitat provides a listing of potential biological features that, if they are constituent elements of one or more critical habitats would be of potential concern.  These correspond to the taxa identified above as being of potential concern for indirect effects and include the following: birds, reptiles, terrestrial-phase amphibians, mammals, aquatic vascular plants and terrestrial plants.  This list should serve as an initial step in problem formulation for further assessment of critical habitat impacts outlined above, should additional work be necessary.

5.      	Direct Effect Co-occurrence Analysis

For the proposed uses of flurprimidol, LOCATES was run for all listed birds, reptiles, terrestrial-phase amphibians, mammals, terrestrial plants, and aquatic vascular plants to determine the potential for co-occurrence of listed animal and plant species located within areas of expected pesticide use. When baseline assessment information suggests that a listed species occurs in counties where a pesticide is used, there is a potential for a direct effect from flurprimidol use, should exposure actually occur.  The taxa that reside in those areas, and the basis for the designation, are in Table VI-7 and Appendix F. Additional analysis of listed animal and plants locations, refinement of the action area associated with flurprimidol regulatory decisions, and the biology of the potentially affected species would be needed before an effects determination can be made for any of the co-located species identified by this assessment.

LOCATES is used to preliminarily identify areas where listed animals and plants could be located within the counties in USA where the proposed uses for flurprimidol are labeled. However, LOCATES does not include county-level location information for non-crop uses, the preliminary analysis was not performed to identify those areas. Consequently, based on the information available at this step in the assessment process, it is presumed that all listed bird, terrestrial-phase amphibian, reptile, mammals, terrestrial plant, and aquatic plant species are potentially directly affected from flurprimidol uses for where turf grasses and ornamentals are grown. Such potential concerns are limited by the true potential for exposures of critical resources to modeled flurprimidol levels. LOCATES identified >1200 endangered/threatened bird, terrestrial-phase amphibian, reptile, mammals, terrestrial plant, and aquatic plant species located in areas where turf grasses and ornamentals are grown. Consequently, based on the information available, it is presumed listed species reside in areas of expected pesticide use (Table VI-7).

Table VI-7. Number of Listed Species Located Where Turf Grass and Ornamentals are Grown in the United States of America.

Non-crop	No. of Affected States	No. of Species

Turf grass and ornamentals	All	>1200

6.	Indirect Effect Co-occurrence Analysis

In accordance with established procedures, such findings suggest a potential concern for indirect effects to listed animal and plant species with both narrow (i.e., species that are obligates or have very specific habitat or feeding requirements) and general dependencies (i.e., cover type requirements) on plants or animals as a resource or important habitat component. This analysis considered all animal and plant taxonomic groups (i.e., mammal, bird, amphibian, reptile, fish, crustacean, mollusks, arachnid, insect, dicot, monocot, ferns, conf/cycds, and lichen) that depend on those listed animal species; terrestrial and aquatic plants that require birds as pollinators or seed dispersers; species that require reptile burrows for shelter or breeding habitats; and aquatic animals and plants that require cover requirements. Again, no county-level analysis was performed for the non-crop uses. The animal and plant species that reside in those areas and the basis for the designation are summarized in Table VI-8, below. Such potential concerns are limited by the true potential for exposures of critical animal and plant species resources to modeled flurprimidol levels and the relationship between ‘directly affected’ listed species and ‘indirectly affected’ listed species. Consequently, additional analysis of listed species locations, refinement of the action area associated with flurprimidol regulatory decisions, and the biology of the potentially affected species would be needed before an effects determination can be made for any of the co-located species identified by this assessment for potential indirect effects.

Table VI-8. Listed Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk for Direct or Indirect Effects as a Result of Flurprimidol Applications (Applications are for Terrestrial and Residential Outdoor Uses where Turf Grass and Ornamentals are grown Nationwide)

Listed Taxon	Direct Effects	Use of Direct Effects Concern	Indirect Effects	Use of Indirect Effects Concern

Terrestrial and Semi-Aquatic Plants	Yes	All	Yes3,4,5,6	All

Beneficial Insects	No	None	Yes3,4,5,6	All

Birds, Reptiles, Terrestrial-phase Amphibians1	Yes	All	Yes3,4,5,6	All

Mammals	Yes	All	Yes3,4,5	All

Aquatic Vascular Plants	Yes	All	Yes3,4,5	All

Freshwater Fish and Aquatic-phase Amphibians2	No	None	Yes5,6	All

Freshwater Crustaceans	No	None	Yes5,6	All

Freshwater Mollusks	No	None	Yes5,6	All

Estuarine/marine Fish 	No	None	No	None

Estuarine/marine Crustaceans	No	None	No	None

Estuarine/marine Mollusks	No	None	No	None

Aquatic Nonvascular Plants	No	None	Yes3,4,5,6	All

1     Birds are used as surrogate species for terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles; therefore, potential direct and indirect effects to endangered avian, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptilian species are considered equivalent.

Fish are used as a surrogate for aquatic phase amphibians; therefore, potential direct and indirect effects to endangered fish and aquatic-phase amphibian species are considered equivalent.

Potential indirect effects on a taxon attributable to direct effects on birds, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

Potential indirect effects on a taxon attributable to direct effects on mammals.

Potential indirect effects on a taxon attributable to direct effects on terrestrial dicots and monocots.

Potential indirect effects on a taxon attributable to direct effects on alga and diatoms.

VII.	Description of Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths, and Data Gaps

Limitations of available methods of assessing risk and gaps in submitted data lead to uncertainty in risk conclusions.  In assessing risk from flurprimidol use, major uncertainties arise from lack of tools to estimate exposure from limited residential use patterns in urban areas and outdoor use patterns in golf resorts, forestry, right-of-way, and industrial areas.  Assumptions have therefore been made which are expected to lead to conservative estimates of risk.

	A.	Use Pattern

Flurprimidol is labeled for outdoor and residential uses only and application rates are expressed as pounds active ingredient per gallon.  Quantifying risk, then, requires that assumptions be made about volume applied so that rates can be determined in terms of the amount of active ingredient applied per unit area, expressed as lbs a.i./A.  This may not be representative of the small-scale residential and outdoor uses for which some flurprimidol products are intended.    Additionally, the maximum number of applications allowed is not specified, and so an upper bound was estimated based on the length of the growing season and the minimum application interval.  This led to an assumption of multiple applications per year, which is likely to be greater than in typical use.  For modeling purposes, it is assumed that flurprimidol is applied at this rate over the entire field considered by modeling applications.  These assumptions about use and application are conservative and expected to lead to overestimation of risk.

	B.	Environmental Fate and Transport

The environmental fate database for parent flurprimidol is largely complete.  The primary data gaps are in identifying degradates and characterizing their fate.  Several major degradates have not been identified.  Understanding of the fate properties of the major degradates is limited due to lack of fate studies for these compounds and deficiencies in studies of the parent compound.

	C.	Aquatic Exposure Estimates

Aquatic exposure estimates were developed using GENEEC2, a Tier I screening level model designed to estimate high level potential exposure in vulnerable environments.  The model uses a chemical's label application information, its soil/water partition data and its degradation kinetics to estimate exposure values in a standard agricultural field / farm pond scenario.  The program is generic in that it does not consider differences in climate, soils, topography or crop in estimating potential pesticide exposure.  The standard pond scenario assumes that rainfall onto a treated, 10 hectare agricultural field causes pesticide-laden runoff into a one hectare; 20,000 cubic meter volume; 2.00 meter deep water-body.  The farm pond represents a well mixed, static water body which has no flow through and so does not account for pesticide removal through flow through or water releases. The standard runoff scenario assumes uniform soils and agronomic management practices across the standard 10 hectare field.

This standard pond scenario is designed to represent agricultural uses and may not be representative of residential uses like those of flurprimidol.  The model requires assumptions about the use pattern for flurprimidol, as described above, which are expected to lead to overestimates of exposure.  The model also cannot account for some factors specific to residential uses such as banded or spot treatments.  Default assumptions about spray drift are likely to be conservative for the hose-end and tank-type sprayers used for application of flurprimidol.  Residential areas include both pervious and impervious surfaces; pesticides are usually applied to pervious surfaces with some reaching impervious surfaces through overspray.  Tier I modeling does not account for the different runoff characteristics of these surfaces.  The assumption that the entire 10-ha area is treated with flurprimidol is will outweigh any of these uncertainties.

Due to these uncertainties, estimates of risk to aquatic organisms are likely to be overprotective, but these estimates did not result in LOC exceedances for any risk categories for which there were toxicity data available.

	D.	Terrestrial Exposure Estimates

The TREX model was used to estimates potential exposure to terrestrial animals.  The model assumes a default half-life of 35 days for residues on food items.  Based on the rapid photolysis observed in flurprimidol fate studies, it is possible that this half-life is over   conservative.  The model also assumes that birds and mammals are feeding exclusively within areas where flurprimidol is used.  Given the small-scale nature of the use, it is unlikely that animals will obtain all dietary items within the treated area.  Additionally, terrestrial exposure estimates rely on the same conservative assumptions about application rates as discussed above.  Some underestimation of exposure is possible due to the fact that estimates are based primarily on dietary consumption of foliar residues and do not account for ingestion of residues by animals in drinking water or contaminated grit, ingestion through preening activities, or uptake through inhalation or dermal absorption by terrestrial animals.  Along with the other conservative assumptions used, though, estimates of terrestrial exposure are still expected to be overprotective.

	E.	Ecological Effects

 Species Selection and Sensitivity

There are a number of areas of uncertainty in the terrestrial and the aquatic animal risk assessments that could potentially cause an underestimation of risk. Use of toxicity data on representative species does not provide information on the potential variability in susceptibility to acute and chronic exposures.  For baseline terrestrial risk assessments, a generic bird or mammal is assumed to occupy either the treated field or adjacent areas receiving the pesticide at a rate commensurate with the treatment rate on the field.  The actual habitat requirements of any particular terrestrial species are not considered, and it is assumed that species occupy, exclusively and permanently, the treated area being modeled.  This assumption leads to a maximum level of exposure in the risk assessment.

Although the baseline risk assessment relies on a selected toxicity endpoint from the most sensitive species tested, it does not necessarily mean that the selected toxicity endpoints reflect sensitivity of the most sensitive species existing in a given environment.  The relative position of the most sensitive species tested in the distribution of all possible species is a function of the overall variability among species to a particular chemical.  In the case of listed species, there is uncertainty regarding the relationship of the listed species' sensitivity and the most sensitive species tested.

Surrogates were used to predict potential risks for species with no data (i.e., reptiles and amphibians). It was assumed that the use of surrogate effects data is sufficiently conservative to apply to the broad range of species within taxonomic groups. If other species are more or less sensitive to flurprimidol than the surrogates, risks may be under- or overestimated, respectively. In addition, since terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles do not produce eggs in the same manner as birds, EFED is uncertain how the observed adverse effects in avian reproduction studies will affect reproduction in terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles.

Age class and sensitivity of effects thresholds

Scientists generally recognize that the age of the test animal may have a significant effect on the observed sensitivity to a toxicant.  In a baseline assessment of acute toxicity in fish, data are collected on juveniles weighing 0.1 to 5 grams.  For aquatic invertebrates, the recommended acute testing is performed on immature age classes (e.g., first instar for daphnids, second instar for amphipods, stoneflies and mayflies, and third instar for midges).  Similarly, acute dietary testing with birds is also performed on juveniles, with mallard ducks tested at 5-10 days of age and quail at 10-14 days of age.

Testing of juveniles may overestimate the toxicity of direct acting pesticides in adults. As juvenile animals do not have fully developed metabolic systems, they may not possess the ability to transform and detoxify xenobiotics equivalent to the older/adult animal. The baseline risk assessment has no current provisions for a generally applied method that accounts for this uncertainty.  In so far as the available toxicity data may provide ranges of sensitivity information with respect to age class, the risk assessment uses the most sensitive life-stage information as the conservative baseline endpoint.

VIII.		Literature Cited

Burns, L. A.  2004.  EXAMS (Exposure Analysis Modeling System) Version 2.98.04.  Environmental Research Laboratory. (04/25/05)  U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Athens, GA

Fletcher, J.S., J.E. Nellessen, and T.G. Pfleeger.  1994.  Literature review and evaluation of the EPA food-chain (Kenaga) nomogram, an instrument for estimating pesticide residues on plants.  Environ. Tox. Chem. 13:1383-1391.

Hoerger, F., and E.E. Kenaga.  1972.  Pesticide residues on plants: Correlation of representative data as a basis for estimation of their magnitude in the environment.  In F. Coulston and F. Korte, eds., Environmental Quality and Safety: Chemistry, Toxicology, and Technology, Georg Thieme Publ, Stuttgart, West Germany, pp. 9-28.

Suarez, L.A., 2006. PRZM-3, A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for Release 3.12.2.   EPA/600/R-05/111 September 2006, revision a.

Suarez, L.A., 2006. PRZM-3. A Model for Predicting Pesticide and Nitrogen Fate in the Crop Root and Unsaturated Soil Zones: Users Manual for Release 3.12.2.   EPA/600/R-05/111 September 2006, Revision A.

USDA. 2002. National Agricultural Statistics Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Available online at: http://www.nass.usda.gov/.

USEPA. 1998.  Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment.  Risk Assessment Forum, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.  EPA/630/R-95/002F.  April 1998.

USEPA. 1993.  Wildlife Exposure Factors Handbook. Volume I of II.  EPA/600/R-93/187a. Office of Research and Development, Washington, D. C. 20460.

USEPA. 2001. (Gen)eric (E)stimated (E)nvironmental (C)oncentration  Model  (GENEEC2). Version 2.0 August 1, 2001. Environmental Fate and Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arlington, VA

USEPA. 2004. Overview of the Ecological Risk Assessment Process in the Office of Pesticide Programs. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington DC. 100 pp. January 23, 2004.

USEPA. 2006. User’s Guide: TerrPlant version 1.2.2. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Washington, D.C.  December 26, 2006.

USEPA. 2008. User’s Guide: T-REX Version 1.4.1 (Terrestrial Residue Exposure model).  United States Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.  Washington, D.C.  December 11, 2008.

USEPA. 2009. Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters in Modeling the Environmental Fate and Transport of Pesticides, Version 2.1, [10/22/09]. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Arlington

Willis, G. H., and L. L. McDowell, 1987.  Pesticide Persistence on Foliage.

         Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology.  100:23-73.

APPENDIX A:  GENEEC EECs

RUN No.   5 FOR 690-46           ON   0.26 12       * INPUT VALUES *

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL   APPL TYPE  NO-SPRAY INCORP

    ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL     Kd   (PPM )    (%DRIFT)   ZONE(FT)  (IN)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   .260(  3.008)  12  14       2.8  130.0   GRHIFI(  6.6)    .0    .0

   FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED

    (FIELD)   RAIN/RUNOFF   (POND)     (POND-EFF)    (POND)     (POND)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   1444.00        0          N/A      1.40-  173.60      .00    173.60

   GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB))     Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

       PEAK      MAX 4 DAY     MAX 21 DAY    MAX 60 DAY    MAX 90 DAY

       GEEC      AVG GEEC       AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

      127.64      127.06        123.73        116.56        111.46

RUN No.   1 FOR 690-46           ON   0.69          * INPUT VALUES *

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL   APPL TYPE  NO-SPRAY INCORP

    ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL     Kd   (PPM )    (%DRIFT)   ZONE(FT)  (IN)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   .690(  3.272)   5  56       2.8  130.0   GRHIFI(  6.6)    .0    .0

   FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED

    (FIELD)   RAIN/RUNOFF   (POND)     (POND-EFF)    (POND)     (POND)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   1444.00        0          N/A      1.40-  173.60      .00    173.60

   GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB))     Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

       PEAK      MAX 4 DAY     MAX 21 DAY    MAX 60 DAY    MAX 90 DAY

       GEEC      AVG GEEC       AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

      138.32      137.69        134.08        126.31        120.78

   RUN No.   3 FOR 690-19           ON   .75           * INPUT VALUES *

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL   APPL TYPE  NO-SPRAY INCORP

    ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL     Kd   (PPM )    (%DRIFT)   ZONE(FT)  (IN)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   .750(  2.955)   4  21       2.8  130.0   GRANUL(   .0)    .0    .0

   FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED

    (FIELD)   RAIN/RUNOFF   (POND)     (POND-EFF)    (POND)     (POND)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   1444.00        0          N/A      1.40-  173.60      .00    173.60

   GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB))     Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

       PEAK      MAX 4 DAY     MAX 21 DAY    MAX 60 DAY    MAX 90 DAY

       GEEC      AVG GEEC       AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

      116.99      116.43        113.34        106.71        102.00

   RUN No.   8 FOR 67690-19         ON   3 1 app       * INPUT VALUES *

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL   APPL TYPE  NO-SPRAY INCORP

    ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL     Kd   (PPM )    (%DRIFT)   ZONE(FT)  (IN)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

  3.000(  3.000)   1   1       2.8  130.0   GRANUL(   .0)    .0    .0

   FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED

    (FIELD)   RAIN/RUNOFF   (POND)     (POND-EFF)    (POND)     (POND)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   1444.00        0          N/A      1.40-  173.60      .00    173.60

   GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB))     Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

       PEAK      MAX 4 DAY     MAX 21 DAY    MAX 60 DAY    MAX 90 DAY

       GEEC      AVG GEEC       AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

      118.76      118.19        115.06        108.33        103.54

   RUN No.  14 FOR 690-17           ON   1.5 by 3 5    * INPUT VALUES *

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL   APPL TYPE  NO-SPRAY INCORP

    ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL     Kd   (PPM )    (%DRIFT)   ZONE(FT)  (IN)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

  1.500(  2.960)   2  56       2.8  130.0   GRANUL(   .0)    .0    .0

   FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED

    (FIELD)   RAIN/RUNOFF   (POND)     (POND-EFF)    (POND)     (POND)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   1444.00        0          N/A      1.40-  173.60      .00    173.60

   GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB))     Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

       PEAK      MAX 4 DAY     MAX 21 DAY    MAX 60 DAY    MAX 90 DAY

       GEEC      AVG GEEC       AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

      117.19      116.63        113.53        106.89        102.17

--------------------------------------------------------------------

   RATE (#/AC)   No.APPS &   SOIL  SOLUBIL   APPL TYPE  NO-SPRAY INCORP

    ONE(MULT)    INTERVAL     Kd   (PPM )    (%DRIFT)   ZONE(FT)  (IN)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   .750(  2.970)   4  14       2.8  130.0   GRHIFI(  6.6)    .0    .0

   FIELD AND STANDARD POND HALFLIFE VALUES (DAYS)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   METABOLIC  DAYS UNTIL  HYDROLYSIS   PHOTOLYSIS   METABOLIC  COMBINED

    (FIELD)   RAIN/RUNOFF   (POND)     (POND-EFF)    (POND)     (POND)

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

   1444.00        0          N/A      1.40-  173.60      .00    173.60

   GENERIC EECs (IN MICROGRAMS/LITER (PPB))     Version 2.0 Aug 1, 2001

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

       PEAK      MAX 4 DAY     MAX 21 DAY    MAX 60 DAY    MAX 90 DAY

       GEEC      AVG GEEC       AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC      AVG GEEC

   --------------------------------------------------------------------

      126.97      126.39        123.08        115.96        110.89

APPENDIX B.  PRZM /EXAMS EEC and Output

stored as FLn1G.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: FLnurserySTD_V2.txt	modified Tueday, 27 May 2008 at 11:22:34

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w12839.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:20

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	19.2	19.03	18.37	17.02	16.17	5.679

1962	40.84	40.52	39.38	37.28	35.5	18.07

1963	27.71	27.52	26.89	25.46	24.37	20.29

1964	34.65	34.38	33.36	31.24	29.81	19.08

1965	27.15	26.99	26.72	25.75	24.76	19.27

1966	18.39	18.29	17.88	16.98	16.32	14.1

1967	65.79	65.29	64.01	60.07	57.27	26.28

1968	53.32	52.92	51.72	48.7	46.69	35.39

1969	34.24	34.06	33.3	31.6	30.38	26.52

1970	22.17	22.06	21.57	20.59	19.8	17.23

1971	14.7	14.6	14.27	13.66	13.16	11.32

1972	15.44	15.32	14.88	14	13.4	9.437

1973	45.37	45.16	44.27	42.26	40.33	19.35

1974	77.59	76.96	74.75	70.41	67.3	36.97

1975	51.54	51.18	50.05	47.51	45.44	38.33

1976	36.28	36.12	35.16	33.22	31.8	26.66

1977	28.86	28.69	28.4	27.15	26.05	20.59

1978	19.27	19.16	18.7	17.72	17.04	14.98

1979	13.89	13.82	13.67	13.21	12.69	10.43

1980	43.53	43.27	42.4	39.59	37.62	17.46

1981	42.34	42.18	41.1	38.63	36.78	25.33

1982	26.69	26.53	25.84	24.35	23.32	19.93

1983	16.92	16.8	16.63	15.96	15.38	13.13

1984	50.84	50.41	49.95	46.86	44.47	21.07

1985	109	109	106	99.46	94.69	48.2

1986	67.86	67.44	65.7	61.93	59.25	45.62

1987	36.17	36.01	35.58	33.73	32.33	26.41

1988	75.73	75.1	73.48	68.63	65.04	34.25

1989	52.28	51.92	50.65	47.91	45.77	37.1

1990	45.53	45.27	44.44	42.07	40.38	30.13

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	109	109	106	99.46	94.69	48.2

0.0645161290322581	77.59	76.96	74.75	70.41	67.3	45.62

0.0967741935483871	75.73	75.1	73.48	68.63	65.04	38.33

0.129032258064516	67.86	67.44	65.7	61.93	59.25	37.1

0.161290322580645	65.79	65.29	64.01	60.07	57.27	36.97

0.193548387096774	53.32	52.92	51.72	48.7	46.69	35.39

0.225806451612903	52.28	51.92	50.65	47.91	45.77	34.25

0.258064516129032	51.54	51.18	50.05	47.51	45.44	30.13

0.290322580645161	50.84	50.41	49.95	46.86	44.47	26.66

0.32258064516129	45.53	45.27	44.44	42.26	40.38	26.52

0.354838709677419	45.37	45.16	44.27	42.07	40.33	26.41

0.387096774193548	43.53	43.27	42.4	39.59	37.62	26.28

0.419354838709677	42.34	42.18	41.1	38.63	36.78	25.33

0.451612903225806	40.84	40.52	39.38	37.28	35.5	21.07

0.483870967741936	36.28	36.12	35.58	33.73	32.33	20.59

0.516129032258065	36.17	36.01	35.16	33.22	31.8	20.29

0.548387096774194	34.65	34.38	33.36	31.6	30.38	19.93

0.580645161290323	34.24	34.06	33.3	31.24	29.81	19.35

0.612903225806452	28.86	28.69	28.4	27.15	26.05	19.27

0.645161290322581	27.71	27.52	26.89	25.75	24.76	19.08

0.67741935483871	27.15	26.99	26.72	25.46	24.37	18.07

0.709677419354839	26.69	26.53	25.84	24.35	23.32	17.46

0.741935483870968	22.17	22.06	21.57	20.59	19.8	17.23

0.774193548387097	19.27	19.16	18.7	17.72	17.04	14.98

0.806451612903226	19.2	19.03	18.37	17.02	16.32	14.1

0.838709677419355	18.39	18.29	17.88	16.98	16.17	13.13

0.870967741935484	16.92	16.8	16.63	15.96	15.38	11.32

0.903225806451613	15.44	15.32	14.88	14	13.4	10.43

0.935483870967742	14.7	14.6	14.27	13.66	13.16	9.437

0.967741935483871	13.89	13.82	13.67	13.21	12.69	5.679

0.1	74.943	74.334	72.702	67.96	64.461	38.207

					Average of yearly averages:	23.6202

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: FLn1G

Metfile:	w12839.dvf

PRZM scenario:	FLnurserySTD_V2.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	3.36	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.00	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.00	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	08-08	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as MIn1G.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: MInurserySTD_V2.txt	modified Sunday, 30 September 2007 at 23:05:00

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14840.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:06

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	11.26	11.19	10.96	10.43	9.988	6.402

1962	10.69	10.68	10.47	10.09	9.801	7.558

1963	13.33	13.3	13.04	12.38	11.88	8.666

1964	13.42	13.34	13.12	12.67	12.23	9.182

1965	14.89	14.8	14.51	13.83	13.3	9.997

1966	18.9	18.79	18.38	17.82	17.2	12.46

1967	14.5	14.43	14.23	13.63	13.13	10.47

1968	13.09	13.05	12.81	12.3	11.87	9.223

1969	19.11	19.03	18.92	18.12	17.45	12.55

1970	11.4	11.37	11.27	11.02	10.86	9.149

1971	15.4	15.31	14.92	14.13	13.62	10.21

1972	18.31	18.28	18.08	17.52	16.94	12.66

1973	11.47	11.43	11.35	11.1	11.02	9.441

1974	14.27	14.19	13.88	13.5	13.08	9.9

1975	14.56	14.55	14.4	13.77	13.26	10.12

1976	28.89	28.74	28.13	26.73	25.62	17.63

1977	31.08	30.93	30.4	28.85	27.63	20.52

1978	34.9	34.77	34.44	33.5	32.37	23.96

1979	26.98	26.85	26.55	25.45	24.62	19.69

1980	16.92	16.85	16.63	16.16	15.86	13.33

1981	16.99	16.94	16.65	15.85	15.25	11.82

1982	26.64	26.59	26.27	25.52	24.65	17.72

1983	29.22	29.05	28.85	28.01	27.26	20.31

1984	25.47	25.45	25.36	24.63	23.85	18.54

1985	20.34	20.23	19.88	19.3	18.67	14.83

1986	21.66	21.53	21.04	20.32	19.67	14.93

1987	22	21.86	21.38	20.43	19.79	15.4

1988	19.04	18.92	18.68	18.07	17.37	13.67

1989	15.79	15.71	15.58	15.32	14.97	11.95

1990	27.57	27.38	26.93	25.95	25.03	17.88

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	34.9	34.77	34.44	33.5	32.37	23.96

0.0645161290322581	31.08	30.93	30.4	28.85	27.63	20.52

0.0967741935483871	29.22	29.05	28.85	28.01	27.26	20.31

0.129032258064516	28.89	28.74	28.13	26.73	25.62	19.69

0.161290322580645	27.57	27.38	26.93	25.95	25.03	18.54

0.193548387096774	26.98	26.85	26.55	25.52	24.65	17.88

0.225806451612903	26.64	26.59	26.27	25.45	24.62	17.72

0.258064516129032	25.47	25.45	25.36	24.63	23.85	17.63

0.290322580645161	22	21.86	21.38	20.43	19.79	15.4

0.32258064516129	21.66	21.53	21.04	20.32	19.67	14.93

0.354838709677419	20.34	20.23	19.88	19.3	18.67	14.83

0.387096774193548	19.11	19.03	18.92	18.12	17.45	13.67

0.419354838709677	19.04	18.92	18.68	18.07	17.37	13.33

0.451612903225806	18.9	18.79	18.38	17.82	17.2	12.66

0.483870967741936	18.31	18.28	18.08	17.52	16.94	12.55

0.516129032258065	16.99	16.94	16.65	16.16	15.86	12.46

0.548387096774194	16.92	16.85	16.63	15.85	15.25	11.95

0.580645161290323	15.79	15.71	15.58	15.32	14.97	11.82

0.612903225806452	15.4	15.31	14.92	14.13	13.62	10.47

0.645161290322581	14.89	14.8	14.51	13.83	13.3	10.21

0.67741935483871	14.56	14.55	14.4	13.77	13.26	10.12

0.709677419354839	14.5	14.43	14.23	13.63	13.13	9.997

0.741935483870968	14.27	14.19	13.88	13.5	13.08	9.9

0.774193548387097	13.42	13.34	13.12	12.67	12.23	9.441

0.806451612903226	13.33	13.3	13.04	12.38	11.88	9.223

0.838709677419355	13.09	13.05	12.81	12.3	11.87	9.182

0.870967741935484	11.47	11.43	11.35	11.1	11.02	9.149

0.903225806451613	11.4	11.37	11.27	11.02	10.86	8.666

0.935483870967742	11.26	11.19	10.96	10.43	9.988	7.558

0.967741935483871	10.69	10.68	10.47	10.09	9.801	6.402

0.1	29.187	29.019	28.778	27.882	27.096	20.248

					Average of yearly averages:	13.3389333333333

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: MIn1G

Metfile:	w14840.dvf

PRZM scenario:	MInurserySTD_V2.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	3.36	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.00	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.00	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	08-03	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as MIn2G.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: MInurserySTD_V2.txt	modified Sunday, 30 September 2007 at 23:05:00

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14840.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:06

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	13.88	13.78	13.54	12.92	12.45	7.507

1962	15.23	15.13	14.96	14.41	13.92	11.01

1963	16.21	16.12	15.92	15.35	14.87	12.02

1964	16.72	16.61	16.44	15.84	15.33	12.31

1965	26.44	26.31	25.95	24.97	24.03	17.24

1966	22.83	22.7	22.52	21.89	21.24	17.87

1967	19.32	19.25	19.13	18.46	17.88	15.27

1968	18.2	18.1	17.78	17.22	16.66	13.89

1969	20.56	20.47	20.25	19.61	19.06	15.42

1970	17.61	17.51	17.38	16.91	16.42	13.82

1971	26.16	26	25.84	24.76	23.79	17.55

1972	26.76	26.6	26.31	25.29	24.52	20.05

1973	21.29	21.19	20.81	20.11	19.49	17.07

1974	24.27	24.14	23.92	23.14	22.32	17.54

1975	23.58	23.49	23.25	22.38	21.67	17.9

1976	27.12	26.96	26.44	25.18	24.31	19.97

1977	28	27.84	27.57	26.51	25.63	21.38

1978	43.59	43.39	42.35	40.16	38.65	28.96

1979	52.83	52.54	51.35	48.74	46.73	35.06

1980	35.17	35.07	34.64	33.73	32.88	29.53

1981	32.15	32.03	31.59	30.65	29.68	24.9

1982	40.48	40.29	39.75	37.94	36.53	28.71

1983	33.11	32.95	32.49	31.15	30.61	25.85

1984	31.94	31.76	31.27	29.84	28.87	23.81

1985	26.88	26.72	26.44	25.41	24.59	21.09

1986	25.51	25.39	25.09	24.37	23.66	19.95

1987	27.87	27.76	27.31	26.08	25.16	20.2

1988	24.25	24.13	23.94	23	22.26	18.45

1989	25.55	25.4	24.83	23.89	23.15	18.58

1990	41.5	41.27	40.93	39.17	37.73	27.38

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	52.83	52.54	51.35	48.74	46.73	35.06

0.0645161290322581	43.59	43.39	42.35	40.16	38.65	29.53

0.0967741935483871	41.5	41.27	40.93	39.17	37.73	28.96

0.129032258064516	40.48	40.29	39.75	37.94	36.53	28.71

0.161290322580645	35.17	35.07	34.64	33.73	32.88	27.38

0.193548387096774	33.11	32.95	32.49	31.15	30.61	25.85

0.225806451612903	32.15	32.03	31.59	30.65	29.68	24.9

0.258064516129032	31.94	31.76	31.27	29.84	28.87	23.81

0.290322580645161	28	27.84	27.57	26.51	25.63	21.38

0.32258064516129	27.87	27.76	27.31	26.08	25.16	21.09

0.354838709677419	27.12	26.96	26.44	25.41	24.59	20.2

0.387096774193548	26.88	26.72	26.44	25.29	24.52	20.05

0.419354838709677	26.76	26.6	26.31	25.18	24.31	19.97

0.451612903225806	26.44	26.31	25.95	24.97	24.03	19.95

0.483870967741936	26.16	26	25.84	24.76	23.79	18.58

0.516129032258065	25.55	25.4	25.09	24.37	23.66	18.45

0.548387096774194	25.51	25.39	24.83	23.89	23.15	17.9

0.580645161290323	24.27	24.14	23.94	23.14	22.32	17.87

0.612903225806452	24.25	24.13	23.92	23	22.26	17.55

0.645161290322581	23.58	23.49	23.25	22.38	21.67	17.54

0.67741935483871	22.83	22.7	22.52	21.89	21.24	17.24

0.709677419354839	21.29	21.19	20.81	20.11	19.49	17.07

0.741935483870968	20.56	20.47	20.25	19.61	19.06	15.42

0.774193548387097	19.32	19.25	19.13	18.46	17.88	15.27

0.806451612903226	18.2	18.1	17.78	17.22	16.66	13.89

0.838709677419355	17.61	17.51	17.38	16.91	16.42	13.82

0.870967741935484	16.72	16.61	16.44	15.84	15.33	12.31

0.903225806451613	16.21	16.12	15.92	15.35	14.87	12.02

0.935483870967742	15.23	15.13	14.96	14.41	13.92	11.01

0.967741935483871	13.88	13.78	13.54	12.92	12.45	7.507

0.1	41.398	41.172	40.812	39.047	37.61	28.935

					Average of yearly averages:	19.6762333333333

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: MIn2G

Metfile:	w14840.dvf

PRZM scenario:	MInurserySTD_V2.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	1	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	1.68	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	1.00	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.00	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	08-03	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	60	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	1.68	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as NJn4GS37.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: NJnurserySTD_V2.txt	modified Sunday, 30 September 2007 at 23:05:00

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w93730.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:14

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	17.03	16.93	16.63	16.28	15.91	10.95

1962	24.4	24.26	24.08	23.39	22.68	17.24

1963	26.97	26.8	26.32	25.47	24.73	19.32

1964	32.61	32.39	31.87	31.55	30.72	23

1965	22	21.87	21.65	21.02	20.37	17.62

1966	19.02	18.95	18.65	18.22	17.62	14.24

1967	31.94	31.72	31.49	30.72	29.99	21.52

1968	38.72	38.5	37.6	36.24	35.2	27.42

1969	30.38	30.19	29.97	29.2	28.28	23.27

1970	24.66	24.54	24.13	23.3	23.22	19.33

1971	22.79	22.67	22.4	21.81	21.12	16.96

1972	22.31	22.18	21.77	21.21	20.94	16.95

1973	22.62	22.49	22.09	21.78	21.51	16.7

1974	28.26	28.1	27.74	26.92	26.07	19.84

1975	41.02	40.76	40.03	38.5	37.08	26.56

1976	33.75	33.55	33.23	32.01	31.03	25.13

1977	32.56	32.36	32.1	31.08	30.25	24.67

1978	39.15	38.93	38.05	36.03	34.76	26.96

1979	24.1	23.97	23.49	22.77	22.1	19.42

1980	25.76	25.63	25.25	24.95	24.63	19.28

1981	31.55	31.35	30.71	29.83	28.96	22.11

1982	22.61	22.48	22.18	21.55	20.94	18.01

1983	30.76	30.57	29.84	28.44	27.87	20.47

1984	41.68	41.45	40.36	38.16	37.26	29.1

1985	33.27	33.08	32.69	31.79	31	25.36

1986	44.22	43.92	43.55	42.57	41.83	30.38

1987	36.99	36.78	36.38	35.99	35.58	28.71

1988	27.35	27.22	26.87	26.45	25.93	21.62

1989	32.58	32.38	31.59	30.45	29.4	21.57

1990	30.08	29.9	29.25	27.86	26.81	21.19

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	44.22	43.92	43.55	42.57	41.83	30.38

0.0645161290322581	41.68	41.45	40.36	38.5	37.26	29.1

0.0967741935483871	41.02	40.76	40.03	38.16	37.08	28.71

0.129032258064516	39.15	38.93	38.05	36.24	35.58	27.42

0.161290322580645	38.72	38.5	37.6	36.03	35.2	26.96

0.193548387096774	36.99	36.78	36.38	35.99	34.76	26.56

0.225806451612903	33.75	33.55	33.23	32.01	31.03	25.36

0.258064516129032	33.27	33.08	32.69	31.79	31	25.13

0.290322580645161	32.61	32.39	32.1	31.55	30.72	24.67

0.32258064516129	32.58	32.38	31.87	31.08	30.25	23.27

0.354838709677419	32.56	32.36	31.59	30.72	29.99	23

0.387096774193548	31.94	31.72	31.49	30.45	29.4	22.11

0.419354838709677	31.55	31.35	30.71	29.83	28.96	21.62

0.451612903225806	30.76	30.57	29.97	29.2	28.28	21.57

0.483870967741936	30.38	30.19	29.84	28.44	27.87	21.52

0.516129032258065	30.08	29.9	29.25	27.86	26.81	21.19

0.548387096774194	28.26	28.1	27.74	26.92	26.07	20.47

0.580645161290323	27.35	27.22	26.87	26.45	25.93	19.84

0.612903225806452	26.97	26.8	26.32	25.47	24.73	19.42

0.645161290322581	25.76	25.63	25.25	24.95	24.63	19.33

0.67741935483871	24.66	24.54	24.13	23.39	23.22	19.32

0.709677419354839	24.4	24.26	24.08	23.3	22.68	19.28

0.741935483870968	24.1	23.97	23.49	22.77	22.1	18.01

0.774193548387097	22.79	22.67	22.4	21.81	21.51	17.62

0.806451612903226	22.62	22.49	22.18	21.78	21.12	17.24

0.838709677419355	22.61	22.48	22.09	21.55	20.94	16.96

0.870967741935484	22.31	22.18	21.77	21.21	20.94	16.95

0.903225806451613	22	21.87	21.65	21.02	20.37	16.7

0.935483870967742	19.02	18.95	18.65	18.22	17.62	14.24

0.967741935483871	17.03	16.93	16.63	16.28	15.91	10.95

0.1	40.833	40.577	39.832	37.968	36.93	28.581

					Average of yearly averages:	21.4966666666667

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: NJn4GS37

Metfile:	w93730.dvf

PRZM scenario:	NJnurserySTD_V2.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	2	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.84	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	7-3	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 2	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 3	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as PAturf4GS.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: PAturfSTD.txt	modified Thuday, 23 February 2006 at 18:55:08

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14751.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:00

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	6.052	6.004	5.843	5.588	5.353	2.102

1962	6.896	6.853	6.679	6.328	6.164	4.79

1963	6.129	6.091	5.919	5.842	5.769	5.26

1964	6.671	6.627	6.453	6.152	5.908	5.093

1965	5.405	5.375	5.253	5.129	5.028	4.546

1966	28.73	28.52	27.66	25.84	24.69	9.883

1967	21.88	21.76	21.28	20.6	20.19	17.04

1968	21.81	21.65	20.99	19.79	19.09	13.8

1969	24.66	24.52	23.87	22.83	22.01	17.14

1970	17.96	17.96	17.95	17.94	17.74	15

1971	15.38	15.28	15.13	14.51	14.01	11.29

1972	11.51	11.46	11.24	10.93	10.76	9.09

1973	30.9	30.67	29.75	27.88	26.68	12.05

1974	22.33	22.23	21.81	20.88	20.18	17.33

1975	14.51	14.45	14.2	13.64	13.23	10.8

1976	9.176	9.122	8.899	8.46	8.178	7.286

1977	7.495	7.495	7.495	7.493	7.387	6.229

1978	5.326	5.325	5.323	5.318	5.254	4.586

1979	7.216	7.168	6.997	6.642	6.392	4.298

1980	7.109	7.064	6.888	6.611	6.023	4.937

1981	7.141	7.103	6.949	6.893	6.751	5.852

1982	5.484	5.483	5.48	5.471	5.41	4.721

1983	3.878	3.862	3.792	3.636	3.521	3.188

1984	3.633	3.611	3.522	3.391	3.309	2.848

1985	5.087	5.052	4.924	4.673	4.542	3.086

1986	7.192	7.149	6.981	6.925	6.738	4.864

1987	7.61	7.564	7.454	7.08	6.803	5.342

1988	5.893	5.86	5.726	5.71	5.637	5.161

1989	14.24	14.14	13.82	13.32	12.83	7.124

1990	10.95	10.9	10.69	10.22	9.888	8.597

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	30.9	30.67	29.75	27.88	26.68	17.33

0.0645161290322581	28.73	28.52	27.66	25.84	24.69	17.14

0.0967741935483871	24.66	24.52	23.87	22.83	22.01	17.04

0.129032258064516	22.33	22.23	21.81	20.88	20.19	15

0.161290322580645	21.88	21.76	21.28	20.6	20.18	13.8

0.193548387096774	21.81	21.65	20.99	19.79	19.09	12.05

0.225806451612903	17.96	17.96	17.95	17.94	17.74	11.29

0.258064516129032	15.38	15.28	15.13	14.51	14.01	10.8

0.290322580645161	14.51	14.45	14.2	13.64	13.23	9.883

0.32258064516129	14.24	14.14	13.82	13.32	12.83	9.09

0.354838709677419	11.51	11.46	11.24	10.93	10.76	8.597

0.387096774193548	10.95	10.9	10.69	10.22	9.888	7.286

0.419354838709677	9.176	9.122	8.899	8.46	8.178	7.124

0.451612903225806	7.61	7.564	7.495	7.493	7.387	6.229

0.483870967741936	7.495	7.495	7.454	7.08	6.803	5.852

0.516129032258065	7.216	7.168	6.997	6.925	6.751	5.342

0.548387096774194	7.192	7.149	6.981	6.893	6.738	5.26

0.580645161290323	7.141	7.103	6.949	6.642	6.392	5.161

0.612903225806452	7.109	7.064	6.888	6.611	6.164	5.093

0.645161290322581	6.896	6.853	6.679	6.328	6.023	4.937

0.67741935483871	6.671	6.627	6.453	6.152	5.908	4.864

0.709677419354839	6.129	6.091	5.919	5.842	5.769	4.79

0.741935483870968	6.052	6.004	5.843	5.71	5.637	4.721

0.774193548387097	5.893	5.86	5.726	5.588	5.41	4.586

0.806451612903226	5.484	5.483	5.48	5.471	5.353	4.546

0.838709677419355	5.405	5.375	5.323	5.318	5.254	4.298

0.870967741935484	5.326	5.325	5.253	5.129	5.028	3.188

0.903225806451613	5.087	5.052	4.924	4.673	4.542	3.086

0.935483870967742	3.878	3.862	3.792	3.636	3.521	2.848

0.967741935483871	3.633	3.611	3.522	3.391	3.309	2.102

0.1	24.427	24.291	23.664	22.635	21.828	16.836

					Average of yearly averages:	7.77776666666667

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: PAturf4GS

Metfile:	w14751.dvf

PRZM scenario:	PAturfSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	2	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.84	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	5-7	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 2	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 3	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as NJn4GS52.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: NJnurserySTD_V2.txt	modified Sunday, 30 September 2007 at 23:05:00

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w93730.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:14

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	14.28	14.18	13.9	13.3	12.76	6.039

1962	21.36	21.23	20.88	20.28	19.66	13.6

1963	36.08	35.84	35.24	33.71	32.84	23.16

1964	32.84	32.66	32.49	31.62	31.02	24.95

1965	31.11	30.98	30.59	29.61	28.85	23.45

1966	31.6	31.41	30.72	30.32	29.83	23.91

1967	49.36	49.06	47.95	45.45	43.52	28.98

1968	42.55	42.3	41.56	40.3	39.31	33.8

1969	59.1	58.75	57.72	54.76	52.54	36.18

1970	41.73	41.52	41.04	40.7	40.18	35.68

1971	47.01	46.7	45.59	44	42.56	32.5

1972	35.31	35.11	34.87	33.93	33.08	29.16

1973	28.84	28.68	28.3	27.23	26.37	22.77

1974	29.86	29.69	28.99	27.64	26.82	21.03

1975	39.75	39.53	38.77	36.98	35.79	25.58

1976	35.41	35.18	34.68	33.27	32.41	27.32

1977	33.79	33.6	33	31.95	31.31	26.28

1978	68.43	67.96	66.6	65.48	63.37	41.09

1979	69.99	69.57	68.03	64.79	62.33	46.91

1980	47.07	46.79	46.48	46.02	45.52	41.56

1981	43.71	43.46	42.87	41.36	40.31	34.26

1982	34.11	33.91	33.54	32.67	31.93	28.08

1983	28.99	28.81	28.62	27.61	26.73	22.41

1984	30.19	30.03	29.74	28.83	28.17	22.28

1985	32.91	32.7	32.3	31	29.95	23.4

1986	27.51	27.35	27.01	26.61	26.08	21.53

1987	47.9	47.59	46.79	45.46	44.49	29.44

1988	41.6	41.34	40.78	39.07	37.62	31.06

1989	35.4	35.27	34.47	32.74	31.77	26.15

1990	39.21	38.98	38.54	37.16	35.89	28.14

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	69.99	69.57	68.03	65.48	63.37	46.91

0.0645161290322581	68.43	67.96	66.6	64.79	62.33	41.56

0.0967741935483871	59.1	58.75	57.72	54.76	52.54	41.09

0.129032258064516	49.36	49.06	47.95	46.02	45.52	36.18

0.161290322580645	47.9	47.59	46.79	45.46	44.49	35.68

0.193548387096774	47.07	46.79	46.48	45.45	43.52	34.26

0.225806451612903	47.01	46.7	45.59	44	42.56	33.8

0.258064516129032	43.71	43.46	42.87	41.36	40.31	32.5

0.290322580645161	42.55	42.3	41.56	40.7	40.18	31.06

0.32258064516129	41.73	41.52	41.04	40.3	39.31	29.44

0.354838709677419	41.6	41.34	40.78	39.07	37.62	29.16

0.387096774193548	39.75	39.53	38.77	37.16	35.89	28.98

0.419354838709677	39.21	38.98	38.54	36.98	35.79	28.14

0.451612903225806	36.08	35.84	35.24	33.93	33.08	28.08

0.483870967741936	35.41	35.27	34.87	33.71	32.84	27.32

0.516129032258065	35.4	35.18	34.68	33.27	32.41	26.28

0.548387096774194	35.31	35.11	34.47	32.74	31.93	26.15

0.580645161290323	34.11	33.91	33.54	32.67	31.77	25.58

0.612903225806452	33.79	33.6	33	31.95	31.31	24.95

0.645161290322581	32.91	32.7	32.49	31.62	31.02	23.91

0.67741935483871	32.84	32.66	32.3	31	29.95	23.45

0.709677419354839	31.6	31.41	30.72	30.32	29.83	23.4

0.741935483870968	31.11	30.98	30.59	29.61	28.85	23.16

0.774193548387097	30.19	30.03	29.74	28.83	28.17	22.77

0.806451612903226	29.86	29.69	28.99	27.64	26.82	22.41

0.838709677419355	28.99	28.81	28.62	27.61	26.73	22.28

0.870967741935484	28.84	28.68	28.3	27.23	26.37	21.53

0.903225806451613	27.51	27.35	27.01	26.61	26.08	21.03

0.935483870967742	21.36	21.23	20.88	20.28	19.66	13.6

0.967741935483871	14.28	14.18	13.9	13.3	12.76	6.039

0.1	58.126	57.781	56.743	53.886	51.838	40.599

					Average of yearly averages:	27.6899666666667

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: NJn4GS52

Metfile:	w93730.dvf

PRZM scenario:	NJnurserySTD_V2.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	2	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.84	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	20-5	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 2	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 3	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as NJn4GS85.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: NJnurserySTD_V2.txt	modified Sunday, 30 September 2007 at 23:05:00

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w93730.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:16:14

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	21.35	21.2	20.57	20.04	19.52	5.854

1962	41.66	41.42	40.69	39.85	39.44	22.6

1963	43.79	43.55	42.83	42.71	42.34	34.45

1964	41.13	40.89	39.9	37.85	36.68	32.4

1965	33.18	33.17	33.16	32.57	31.6	27.2

1966	58.96	58.54	56.87	53.65	52.12	31.06

1967	47.94	47.68	46.61	45.11	44.24	37.92

1968	39.04	38.81	37.88	37.56	37.1	33.18

1969	34.71	34.49	33.7	33.2	32.16	28.07

1970	34.15	33.96	33.55	32.51	31.48	26.43

1971	69.9	69.51	68.1	65.51	63.31	37.09

1972	59.19	58.89	57.66	55.33	54.04	47.21

1973	51.27	51	49.89	47.54	45.96	39.3

1974	45.64	45.33	44.38	42.66	40.7	32.78

1975	38.84	38.62	37.92	36.56	35.66	31.07

1976	52.73	52.41	51.21	48.66	47.42	33.27

1977	47.54	47.39	46.69	45.43	43.98	39.06

1978	40.24	40.24	40.23	40.21	39.69	34.14

1979	31.52	31.4	30.78	30.07	29.58	25.94

1980	30.61	30.41	30.21	29.77	29.29	25.02

1981	28.46	28.3	28.25	27.75	26.93	23.77

1982	24.75	24.63	24.3	23.9	23.43	20.8

1983	28.98	28.81	28.16	27.5	27.13	20.55

1984	26.94	26.78	26.12	25.57	25.34	22.18

1985	26.13	25.96	25.71	25.15	25.04	20.99

1986	30.14	29.97	29.4	28.84	27.27	20.26

1987	31.41	31.2	30.45	29.12	28.79	24.68

1988	31.6	31.41	30.99	30.47	29.41	23.79

1989	54.03	53.67	52.34	50.72	49.92	30.52

1990	48.02	47.76	46.69	44.42	42.81	36.08

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	69.9	69.51	68.1	65.51	63.31	47.21

0.0645161290322581	59.19	58.89	57.66	55.33	54.04	39.3

0.0967741935483871	58.96	58.54	56.87	53.65	52.12	39.06

0.129032258064516	54.03	53.67	52.34	50.72	49.92	37.92

0.161290322580645	52.73	52.41	51.21	48.66	47.42	37.09

0.193548387096774	51.27	51	49.89	47.54	45.96	36.08

0.225806451612903	48.02	47.76	46.69	45.43	44.24	34.45

0.258064516129032	47.94	47.68	46.69	45.11	43.98	34.14

0.290322580645161	47.54	47.39	46.61	44.42	42.81	33.27

0.32258064516129	45.64	45.33	44.38	42.71	42.34	33.18

0.354838709677419	43.79	43.55	42.83	42.66	40.7	32.78

0.387096774193548	41.66	41.42	40.69	40.21	39.69	32.4

0.419354838709677	41.13	40.89	40.23	39.85	39.44	31.07

0.451612903225806	40.24	40.24	39.9	37.85	37.1	31.06

0.483870967741936	39.04	38.81	37.92	37.56	36.68	30.52

0.516129032258065	38.84	38.62	37.88	36.56	35.66	28.07

0.548387096774194	34.71	34.49	33.7	33.2	32.16	27.2

0.580645161290323	34.15	33.96	33.55	32.57	31.6	26.43

0.612903225806452	33.18	33.17	33.16	32.51	31.48	25.94

0.645161290322581	31.6	31.41	30.99	30.47	29.58	25.02

0.67741935483871	31.52	31.4	30.78	30.07	29.41	24.68

0.709677419354839	31.41	31.2	30.45	29.77	29.29	23.79

0.741935483870968	30.61	30.41	30.21	29.12	28.79	23.77

0.774193548387097	30.14	29.97	29.4	28.84	27.27	22.6

0.806451612903226	28.98	28.81	28.25	27.75	27.13	22.18

0.838709677419355	28.46	28.3	28.16	27.5	26.93	20.99

0.870967741935484	26.94	26.78	26.12	25.57	25.34	20.8

0.903225806451613	26.13	25.96	25.71	25.15	25.04	20.55

0.935483870967742	24.75	24.63	24.3	23.9	23.43	20.26

0.967741935483871	21.35	21.2	20.57	20.04	19.52	5.854

0.1	58.467	58.053	56.417	53.357	51.9	38.946

					Average of yearly averages:	28.9221333333333

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: NJn4GS85

Metfile:	w93730.dvf

PRZM scenario:	NJnurserySTD_V2.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	2	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.84	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	05-08	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 2	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Interval 3	interval	21	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3	apprate	0.84	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as PAtur28h5.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: PAturfSTD.txt	modified Thuday, 23 February 2006 at 18:55:08

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14751.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:00

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	7.805	7.747	7.55	7.199	6.916	2.853

1962	6.862	6.822	6.688	6.378	6.227	5.621

1963	5.944	5.944	5.944	5.943	5.87	5.278

1964	5.641	5.606	5.542	5.384	5.206	4.82

1965	4.84	4.811	4.694	4.488	4.436	4.178

1966	18.17	18.03	17.6	16.56	15.86	7.207

1967	14.14	14.06	13.75	13.32	13.06	11.8

1968	15.87	15.76	15.35	14.58	14.09	10.46

1969	13.07	13	12.85	12.64	12.27	11.09

1970	10	10	9.998	9.987	9.875	8.701

1971	9.675	9.613	9.447	9.139	8.852	7.09

1972	12.98	12.91	12.68	12.21	11.98	8.918

1973	19.39	19.26	18.81	17.85	17.2	10.63

1974	14.68	14.61	14.35	13.75	13.3	11.9

1975	10.32	10.28	10.1	9.7	9.404	8.816

1976	9.359	9.306	9.097	8.644	8.411	7.324

1977	8.091	8.091	8.089	8.085	7.969	6.736

1978	6.778	6.74	6.652	6.515	6.42	5.669

1979	7.741	7.702	7.592	7.352	7.108	5.536

1980	7.506	7.462	7.284	7.004	6.532	5.795

1981	6.779	6.778	6.773	6.654	6.463	5.861

1982	7.216	7.176	7.056	6.867	6.756	5.682

1983	5.262	5.239	5.144	4.931	4.775	4.487

1984	5.05	5.022	4.988	4.953	4.918	4.218

1985	6.201	6.16	6.054	5.778	5.626	4.268

1986	6.124	6.092	6.017	5.923	5.805	5.142

1987	7.608	7.565	7.515	7.276	7.07	5.562

1988	6.233	6.198	6.117	6.099	6.022	5.579

1989	8.679	8.629	8.532	8.324	8.168	6.017

1990	7.3	7.267	7.126	6.94	6.902	6.474

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	19.39	19.26	18.81	17.85	17.2	11.9

0.0645161290322581	18.17	18.03	17.6	16.56	15.86	11.8

0.0967741935483871	15.87	15.76	15.35	14.58	14.09	11.09

0.129032258064516	14.68	14.61	14.35	13.75	13.3	10.63

0.161290322580645	14.14	14.06	13.75	13.32	13.06	10.46

0.193548387096774	13.07	13	12.85	12.64	12.27	8.918

0.225806451612903	12.98	12.91	12.68	12.21	11.98	8.816

0.258064516129032	10.32	10.28	10.1	9.987	9.875	8.701

0.290322580645161	10	10	9.998	9.7	9.404	7.324

0.32258064516129	9.675	9.613	9.447	9.139	8.852	7.207

0.354838709677419	9.359	9.306	9.097	8.644	8.411	7.09

0.387096774193548	8.679	8.629	8.532	8.324	8.168	6.736

0.419354838709677	8.091	8.091	8.089	8.085	7.969	6.474

0.451612903225806	7.805	7.747	7.592	7.352	7.108	6.017

0.483870967741936	7.741	7.702	7.55	7.276	7.07	5.861

0.516129032258065	7.608	7.565	7.515	7.199	6.916	5.795

0.548387096774194	7.506	7.462	7.284	7.004	6.902	5.682

0.580645161290323	7.3	7.267	7.126	6.94	6.756	5.669

0.612903225806452	7.216	7.176	7.056	6.867	6.532	5.621

0.645161290322581	6.862	6.822	6.773	6.654	6.463	5.579

0.67741935483871	6.779	6.778	6.688	6.515	6.42	5.562

0.709677419354839	6.778	6.74	6.652	6.378	6.227	5.536

0.741935483870968	6.233	6.198	6.117	6.099	6.022	5.278

0.774193548387097	6.201	6.16	6.054	5.943	5.87	5.142

0.806451612903226	6.124	6.092	6.017	5.923	5.805	4.82

0.838709677419355	5.944	5.944	5.944	5.778	5.626	4.487

0.870967741935484	5.641	5.606	5.542	5.384	5.206	4.268

0.903225806451613	5.262	5.239	5.144	4.953	4.918	4.218

0.935483870967742	5.05	5.022	4.988	4.931	4.775	4.178

0.967741935483871	4.84	4.811	4.694	4.488	4.436	2.853

0.1	15.751	15.645	15.25	14.497	14.011	11.044

					Average of yearly averages:	6.7904

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: PAtur28h5

Metfile:	w14751.dvf

PRZM scenario:	PAturfSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	2	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.291	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	5-5	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 2	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 3	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 4	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 4	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 5	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 5	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 6	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 6	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 7	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 7	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 8	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 8	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 9	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 9	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 10	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 10	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 11	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 11	apprate	0.160	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

stored as PAtur28h6.out

Chemical: Flurprimidol

PRZM environment: PAturfSTD.txt	modified Thuday, 23 February 2006 at 18:55:08

EXAMS environment: pond298.exv	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:14:08

Metfile: w14751.dvf	modified Tueday, 26 August 2008 at 06:15:00

Water segment concentrations (ppb)

Year	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

1961	5.422	5.383	5.281	5.123	5.023	2.183

1962	5.968	5.932	5.85	5.794	5.708	4.53

1963	5.718	5.688	5.565	5.558	5.486	4.974

1964	5.594	5.561	5.484	5.38	5.314	4.955

1965	4.83	4.811	4.809	4.805	4.746	4.38

1966	17.98	17.85	17.4	16.47	15.85	7.245

1967	14.34	14.27	13.95	13.51	13.24	11.62

1968	10.42	10.35	10.14	9.846	9.739	8.843

1969	10.43	10.37	10.26	9.895	9.66	8.324

1970	8.345	8.344	8.343	8.338	8.242	7.385

1971	8.704	8.648	8.507	8.281	8.111	6.536

1972	20.39	20.26	19.79	18.86	18.3	11.98

1973	23.11	22.96	22.41	21.49	20.88	14.96

1974	18.21	18.13	17.8	17.06	16.5	14.35

1975	18.01	17.91	17.51	16.84	16.34	11.77

1976	18.1	17.99	17.63	16.82	16.19	12.96

1977	15.82	15.82	15.81	15.78	15.55	12.46

1978	10.1	10.1	10.09	10.09	9.963	8.973

1979	9.145	9.099	8.99	8.809	8.567	7.221

1980	9.383	9.324	9.121	8.811	7.913	6.577

1981	8.543	8.54	8.528	8.369	8.124	7.139

1982	6.298	6.298	6.295	6.286	6.215	5.598

1983	5.037	5.014	4.921	4.713	4.561	3.988

1984	3.891	3.891	3.891	3.829	3.725	3.57

1985	6.421	6.376	6.271	6.117	6.016	3.902

1986	7.552	7.508	7.413	7.233	7.1	5.859

1987	7.615	7.568	7.481	7.327	7.289	6.214

1988	6.716	6.716	6.715	6.711	6.624	5.952

1989	8.089	8.04	7.922	7.744	7.731	5.574

1990	7.636	7.589	7.454	7.271	6.862	6.062

Sorted results

Prob.	Peak	96 hr	21 Day	60 Day	90 Day	Yearly

0.032258064516129	23.11	22.96	22.41	21.49	20.88	14.96

0.0645161290322581	20.39	20.26	19.79	18.86	18.3	14.35

0.0967741935483871	18.21	18.13	17.8	17.06	16.5	12.96

0.129032258064516	18.1	17.99	17.63	16.84	16.34	12.46

0.161290322580645	18.01	17.91	17.51	16.82	16.19	11.98

0.193548387096774	17.98	17.85	17.4	16.47	15.85	11.77

0.225806451612903	15.82	15.82	15.81	15.78	15.55	11.62

0.258064516129032	14.34	14.27	13.95	13.51	13.24	8.973

0.290322580645161	10.43	10.37	10.26	10.09	9.963	8.843

0.32258064516129	10.42	10.35	10.14	9.895	9.739	8.324

0.354838709677419	10.1	10.1	10.09	9.846	9.66	7.385

0.387096774193548	9.383	9.324	9.121	8.811	8.567	7.245

0.419354838709677	9.145	9.099	8.99	8.809	8.242	7.221

0.451612903225806	8.704	8.648	8.528	8.369	8.124	7.139

0.483870967741936	8.543	8.54	8.507	8.338	8.111	6.577

0.516129032258065	8.345	8.344	8.343	8.281	7.913	6.536

0.548387096774194	8.089	8.04	7.922	7.744	7.731	6.214

0.580645161290323	7.636	7.589	7.481	7.327	7.289	6.062

0.612903225806452	7.615	7.568	7.454	7.271	7.1	5.952

0.645161290322581	7.552	7.508	7.413	7.233	6.862	5.859

0.67741935483871	6.716	6.716	6.715	6.711	6.624	5.598

0.709677419354839	6.421	6.376	6.295	6.286	6.215	5.574

0.741935483870968	6.298	6.298	6.271	6.117	6.016	4.974

0.774193548387097	5.968	5.932	5.85	5.794	5.708	4.955

0.806451612903226	5.718	5.688	5.565	5.558	5.486	4.53

0.838709677419355	5.594	5.561	5.484	5.38	5.314	4.38

0.870967741935484	5.422	5.383	5.281	5.123	5.023	3.988

0.903225806451613	5.037	5.014	4.921	4.805	4.746	3.902

0.935483870967742	4.83	4.811	4.809	4.713	4.561	3.57

0.967741935483871	3.891	3.891	3.891	3.829	3.725	2.183

0.1	18.199	18.116	17.783	17.038	16.484	12.91

					Average of yearly averages:	7.53613333333333

Inputs generated by pe5.pl - Novemeber 2006

Data used for this run:

Output File: PAtur28h6

Metfile:	w14751.dvf

PRZM scenario:	PAturfSTD.txt

EXAMS environment file:	pond298.exv

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Description	Variable Name	Value	Units	Comments

Molecular weight	mwt	312.3	g/mol

Henry's Law Const.	henry	3.97e-09	atm-m^3/mol

Vapor Pressure	vapr	3.64e-07	torr

Solubility	sol	130	mg/L

Kd	Kd	2.78	mg/L

Koc	Koc		mg/L

Photolysis half-life	kdp	1.4	days	Half-life

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacw	0	days	Halfife

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism	kbacs	0	days	Halfife

Aerobic Soil Metabolism	asm	1444	days	Halfife

Hydrolysis:	pH 7	0	days	Half-life

Method:	CAM	2	integer	See PRZM manual

Incorporation Depth:	DEPI	0	cm

Application Rate:	TAPP	0.291	kg/ha

Application Efficiency:	APPEFF	0.99	fraction

Spray Drift	DRFT	0.01	fraction of application rate applied to pond

Application Date	Date	5-6	dd/mm or dd/mmm or dd-mm or dd-mmm

Interval 1	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 1	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 2	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 2	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 3	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 3	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 4	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 4	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 5	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 5	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 6	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 6	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 7	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 7	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 8	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 8	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 9	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 9	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 10	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 10	apprate	0.291	kg/ha

Interval 11	interval	14	days	Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

app. rate 11	apprate	0.160	kg/ha

Record 17:	FILTRA

	IPSCND	1

	UPTKF

Record 18:	PLVKRT

	PLDKRT

	FEXTRC	0.5

Flag for Index Res. Run	IR	EPA Pond

Flag for runoff calc.	RUNOFF	none	none, monthly or total(average of entire run)

APPENDIX C: T-REX EECs

RESULTS– Upper Bound EECs and RQs for 4 Applications at 0.75 lb ai/A with a 14-day Interval

Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Use:	Turf Grass / Ornamentals

Formulation:	Cutless 50W Turf Growth Regulator

Application Rate:	0.75 lbs ai/A

Half-life:	35 days

Application Interval:	14 days

Maximum # Apps./Year:	4 applications

Length of Simulation:	1 year

Endpoints

Avian	Bobwhite quail	LD50 (mg/kg-bw)	>2000

	Bobwhite quail	LC50 (mg/kg-diet)	>4310

	Mallard duck 	NOAEL(mg/kg-bw)	0.00

	Mallard duck 	NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	309

Mammals

LD50 (mg/kg-bw)	709

LC50 (mg/kg-diet)	0.00

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)	7.3

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	100

Dietary-Based EECs

Food Items	Upper Bound EEC

(mg ai/kg)	Mean EEC

(mg ai/kg)

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants

Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods	498.15

228.32

280.21

31.13	176.43

74.72

93.4

14.5

AVIAN EECs and ADJUSTED LD50s

Avian Class	Body Weight (g)	Ingestion (Fdry)

(g bw/day)	Ingestion (Fwet)

(g/day)	% body wgt

consumed	FI

58	291	29	2.91E-01

Avian Body

Weight (g)	Adjusted LD50

(mg/kg-bw)

20	>1440.86

100	>1834.29

1000	>2591

Dose-based EECs  (mg/kg-bw)

Food items	Avian Classes and Body Weights

	small	mid	large

	20 g	100 g	1000 g

Upper Bound EEC (mg/kg)

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants

Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods	567.34	323.52	144.84

	260.03	148.28	66.39

	319.13	181.98	81.48

	35.46	20.22	9.05

Mean EEC (mg/kg)

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants

Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods	200.93	114.58	51.30

	85.10	48.53	21.73

	106.38	60.66	27.16

	16.55	9.44	4.22

MAMMALIAN EECs and ADJUSTED LD50s

Mammalian

Class	Body

Weight	Ingestion (Fdry)

(g bwt/day)	Ingestion  (Fwet)

(g/day)	% body wgt

consumed	FI

(kg-diet/day)

 Herbivores/

insectivores	15	3	14	95	1.43E-02

	35	5	23	66	2.31E-02

	1000	31	153	15	1.53E-01

 Granivores	15	3	3	21	3.18E-03

	35	5	5	15	5.13E-03

	1000	31	34	3	3.40E-02

Mammalian

Class	Body

Weight	Adjusted

LD50	Adjusted

NOAEL

Herbivores/

insectivores	15	1558.26	16.04

	35	1260.80	12.98

	1000	545.33	5.61

 Granivores	15	1558.26	16.04

	35	1260.80	12.98

	1000	545.33	5.61

Dose-based EECs

(mg/kg-bw)	Mammalian Classes and Body Weight

	Herbivores and Insectivores	Granivores

	15 g	35 g	1000 g	15 g	35 g	1000 g

Upper Bound EECs (mg ai/kg)

Short Grass 	474.94	328.25	76.11

Tall Grass 	217.68	150.45	34.88

Broadleaf plants and small insects	267.16	184.64	42.81

Fruits/pods/seeds/large insects	29.68	20.52	4.76	6.60	4.56	1.06

Mean EECs (mg ai/kg)

Short Grass 	168.21	116.26	26.95

Tall Grass 	71.24	49.24	11.42

Broadleaf plants and small insects	89.05	61.55	14.27

Fruits/pods/seeds/large insects	13.85	9.57	2.22	3.08	2.13	0.49

Table C1. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

20	>1440.86	567.34	N/A	260.03	N/A	319.13	N/A	35.46	N/A

100	>1834.29	323.52	N/A	148.28	N/A	181.98	N/A	20.22	N/A

1000	>2591.00	144.84	N/A	66.39	N/A	81.48	N/A	9.05	N/A

-Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

-N/A – Acute toxicity threshold was greater than the highest dose tested; risk is expected to be minimal; thus, RQs were not calculated

Table C2.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients (4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

LC50	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

>4310	498.15	N/A	228.32	N/A	280.21	N/A	31.13	N/A

-Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

-Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

-N/A – Acute toxicity threshold was greater than the highest dose tested; risk is expected to be minimal; thus, RQs were not calculated

Table C3.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

309	498.15	1.61	228.32	0.74	280.21	0.91	31.13	0.10

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Bold values indicate LOC exceedances

Table C4. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

 (4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	1558.26	474.94	0.30	217.68	0.14	267.16	0.17	29.68	0.02	6.60	0.00

35	1260.80	328.25	0.26	150.45	0.12	184.64	0.15	20.52	0.02	4.56	0.00

1000	545.33	76.11	0.14	34.88	0.06	42.81	0.08	4.76	0.01	1.06	0.00

Table C5.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients  (4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

100	498.15	4.98	228.32	2.28	280.21	2.80	31.13	0.31

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table C6.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted NOAEL	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	16.04	474.94	29.60	217.68	13.57	267.16	16.65	29.68	1.85	6.60	0.41

35	12.98	328.25	25.29	150.45	11.59	184.64	14.22	20.52	1.58	4.56	0.35

1000	5.61	76.11	13.55	34.88	6.21	42.81	7.62	4.76	0.85	1.06	0.19

Bold values indicate LOC exceedances

Mean EECs and RQs for 4 Applications at 0.75 lb ai/A with a 14-day Interval

Table C7.  Mean Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

 (4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

 LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

20	>1440.86	200.93	N/A	85.10	N/A	106.38	N/A	16.55	N/A

100	>1834.29	114.58	N/A	48.53	N/A	60.66	N/A	9.44	N/A

1000	>2591.00	51.30	N/A	21.73	N/A	27.16	N/A	4.22	N/A

N/A – Acute toxicity threshold was greater than the highest dose tested; risk is expected to be minimal; thus, RQs were not calculated

Table C8.  Mean Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

LC50	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

>4310	176.43	N/A	74.72	N/A	93.40	N/A	14.53	N/A

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table C9.  Mean Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

309	176.43	0.571	74.72	0.242	93.40	0.302	14.53	0.047

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

Table C10. Mean Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

 LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	1558.26	168.21	0.108	71.24	0.046	89.05	0.057	13.85	0.009	3.08	0.00

35	1260.80	116.26	0.092	49.24	0.039	61.55	0.049	9.57	0.008	2.13	0.00

1000	545.33	26.95	0.049	11.42	0.021	14.27	0.026	2.22	0.004	0.49	0.00

Table C11.  Mean Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

100	176.43	1.764	74.72	0.747	93.40	0.934	14.53	0.145

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table C12.  Mean Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(4 Applications @ 0.75 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted NOAEL	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	16.04	168.21	10.484	71.24	4.440	89.05	5.550	13.85	0.863	3.08	0.19

35	12.98	116.26	8.956	49.24	3.793	61.55	4.741	9.57	0.738	2.13	0.16

1000	5.61	26.95	4.801	11.42	2.033	14.27	2.541	2.22	0.395	0.49	0.09

RESULTS– Upper Bound EECs and RQs for 12 Applications at 0.26 lb ai/A with a 14-day Interval

Upper Bound Kenaga Residues For RQ Calculation

Chemical Name:	Flurprimidol

Use:	Turf Grass / Ornamentals

Formulation:	Cutless 50W Turf Growth Regulator

Application Rate:	0.26 lbs ai/A

Half-life:	35 days

Application Interval:	14 days

Maximum # Apps./Year:	12 applications

Length of Simulation:	1 year

Endpoints

Avian	Bobwhite quail	LD50 (mg/kg-bw)	>2000

	Bobwhite quail	LC50 (mg/kg-diet)	>4310

	Mallard duck 	NOAEL(mg/kg-bw)	0.00

	Mallard duck 	NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	309

Mammals

LD50 (mg/kg-bw)	709

LC50 (mg/kg-diet)	0.00

NOAEL (mg/kg-bw)	7.3

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	100

Dietary-Based EECs

Food Items	Upper Bound EEC

(mg ai/kg)	Mean EEC

(mg ai/kg)

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants

Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods	248.45

113.87

139.75

15.53	87.99

37.27

46.58

7.25

AVIAN EECs and ADJUSTED LD50s

Avian Class	Body Weight (g)	Ingestion (Fdry)

(g bw/day)	Ingestion (Fwet)

(g/day)	% body wgt

consumed	FI

58	291	29	2.91E-01

Avian Body

Weight (g)	Adjusted LD50

(mg/kg-bw)

20	>1440.86

100	>1834.29

1000	>2591

Dose-based EECs  (mg/kg-bw)

Food items	Avian Classes and Body Weights

	small	mid	large

	20 g	100 g	1000 g

Upper Bound EEC (mg/kg)

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants

Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods	282.96	161.36	72.24

	129.69	73.95	33.11

	159.16	90.76	40.64

	17.68	10.08	4.52

Mean EEC (mg/kg)

Short Grass

Tall Grass

Sm. Insects, Broadleaf Plants

Lg. Insects, Fruits, Pods	100.21	57.15	25.59

	42.44	24.20	10.84

	53.05	30.25	13.55

	8.25	4.71	2.11

MAMMALIAN EECs and ADJUSTED LD50s

Mammalian

Class	Body

Weight	Ingestion (Fdry)

(g bwt/day)	Ingestion  (Fwet)

(g/day)	% body wgt

consumed	FI

(kg-diet/day)

 Herbivores/

insectivores	15	3	14	95	1.43E-02

	35	5	23	66	2.31E-02

	1000	31	153	15	1.53E-01

 Granivores	15	3	3	21	3.18E-03

	35	5	5	15	5.13E-03

	1000	31	34	3	3.40E-02

Mammalian

Class	Body

Weight	Adjusted

LD50	Adjusted

NOAEL

Herbivores/

insectivores	15	1558.26	16.04

	35	1260.80	12.98

	1000	545.33	5.61

 Granivores	15	1558.26	16.04

	35	1260.80	12.98

	1000	545.33	5.61

Dose-based EECs

(mg/kg-bw)	Mammalian Classes and Body Weight

	Herbivores and Insectivores	Granivores

	15 g	35 g	1000 g	15 g	35 g	1000 g

Upper Bound EECs (mg ai/kg)

Short Grass 	236.88	163.71	37.96

Tall Grass 	108.57	75.04	17.40

Broadleaf plants and small insects	133.24	92.09	21.35

Fruits/pods/seeds/large insects	14.80	10.23	2.37	3.29	2.27	0.53

Mean EECs (mg ai/kg)

Short Grass 	83.89	57.98	13.44

Tall Grass 	35.53	24.56	5.69

Broadleaf plants and small insects	44.41	30.70	7.12

Fruits/pods/seeds/large insects	6.91	4.77	1.11	1.54	1.06	0.25

Table C13. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

20	>1440.86	282.96	N/A	129.69	N/A	159.16	N/A	17.68	N/A

100	>1834.29	161.36	N/A	73.95	N/A	90.76	N/A	10.08	N/A

1000	>2591.00	72.24	N/A	33.11	N/A	40.64	N/A	4.52	N/A

-Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

-N/A – Acute toxicity threshold was greater than the highest dose tested; risk is expected to be minimal; thus, RQs were not calculated

Table C14.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients (12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

LC50	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

>4310	248.45	N/A	113.87	N/A	139.75	N/A	15.53	N/A

-Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

-Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

-N/A – Acute toxicity threshold was greater than the highest dose tested; risk is expected to be minimal; thus, RQs were not calculated

Table C15.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

309	248.45	0.80	113.87	0.37	139.75	0.45	15.53	0.05

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Bold values indicate LOC exceedances

Table C16. Upper Bound Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	1558.26	236.88	0.15	108.57	0.07	133.24	0.09	14.80	0.01	3.29	0.00

35	1260.80	163.71	0.13	75.04	0.06	92.09	0.07	10.23	0.01	2.27	0.00

1000	545.33	37.96	0.07	17.40	0.03	21.35	0.04	2.37	0.00	0.53	0.00

Table C17.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients  (12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

100	248.45	2.48	113.87	1.14	139.75	1.40	15.53	0.16

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table C18.  Upper Bound Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted NOAEL	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	16.04	236.88	14.76	108.57	6.77	133.24	8.30	14.80	0.92	3.29	0.21

35	12.98	163.71	12.61	75.04	5.78	92.09	7.09	10.23	0.79	2.27	0.18

1000	5.61	37.96	6.76	17.40	3.10	21.35	3.80	2.37	0.42	0.53	0.09

Bold values indicate LOC exceedances

Mean EECs and RQs for 12 Applications at 0.26 lb ai/A with a 14-day Interval

Table C19.  Mean Kenaga, Acute Avian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

 LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

20	>1440.86	100.21	N/A	42.44	N/A	53.05	N/A	8.25	N/A

100	>1834.29	57.15	N/A	24.20	N/A	30.25	N/A	4.71	N/A

1000	>2591.00	25.59	N/A	10.84	N/A	13.55	N/A	2.11	N/A

N/A – Acute toxicity threshold was greater than the highest dose tested; risk is expected to be minimal; thus, RQs were not calculated

Table C20.  Mean Kenaga, Subacute Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

LC50	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

>4310	87.99	N/A	37.27	N/A	46.58	N/A	7.25	N/A

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table C21.  Mean Kenaga, Chronic Avian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

309	87.99	0.285	37.27	0.121	46.58	0.151	7.25	0.023

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Bold value indicates LOC exceedance

Table C22. Mean Kenaga, Acute Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted

 LD50	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	1558.26	83.89	0.054	35.53	0.023	44.41	0.029	6.91	0.004	1.54	0.00

35	1260.80	57.98	0.046	24.56	0.019	30.70	0.024	4.77	0.004	1.06	0.00

1000	545.33	13.44	0.025	5.69	0.010	7.12	0.013	1.11	0.002	0.25	0.00

Table C23.  Mean Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dietary Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

NOAEC (mg/kg-diet)	EECs and RQs

	Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects

	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

100	87.99	0.880	37.27	0.373	46.58	0.466	7.25	0.072

Size class not used for dietary risk quotients

Table C24.  Mean Kenaga, Chronic Mammalian Dose-Based Risk Quotients

(12 Applications @ 0.26 lb ai/A with 14 Day Intervals)

Size Class

(grams)	Adjusted NOAEL	EECs and RQs

Short Grass	Tall Grass	Broadleaf Plants/

Small Insects	Fruits/Pods/

Seeds/

Large Insects	Granivores

EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ	EEC	RQ

15	16.04	83.89	5.229	35.53	2.215	44.41	2.768	6.91	0.431	1.54	0.10

35	12.98	57.98	4.467	24.56	1.892	30.70	2.365	4.77	0.368	1.06	0.08

1000	5.61	13.44	2.394	5.69	1.014	7.12	1.268	1.11	0.197	0.25	0.04

RESULTS– Intermediate EECs and LD50/SQ FT for 1 Banded Spray Application at 0.69 lb ai/A

INPUTS – LD50/SQ FT Calculations

Application Rate:	0.69	lbs / acre

% A.I.:	100.00%

Avian LD50 (20g):	>1440.86	mg/kg bw

(100g)	>1834.29

(1000g)	>2591.00

Mammalian LD50 (15g):	1558.26	mg/kg bw

(35g)	1260.80

(1000g)	545.33

Row Spacing:	0	inches

Bandwidth:	0	inches

Unincorporation:	100%

Broadcast applications

Liquid

Intermediate Calculations

                                    mg ai/ft2:	7.18

LD50 ft-2

 	wgt class (grams)

Avian	20	N/A

 	100	N/A

 	1000	N/A

Mammal	15	0.31

 	35	0.16

 	1000	0.01

RESULTS– Intermediate EECs and LD50/SQ FT for 1 Application of Granules at 0.75 lb a.i./A

INPUTS – LD50/SQ FT Calculations

Application Rate:	0.75	lbs/ acre

% A.I.:	100.00%

Avian LD50 (20g):	>1440.86	mg/kg bw

(100g)	>1834.29

(1000g)	>2591.00

Mammalian LD50 (15g):	1558.26	mg/kg bw

(35g)	1260.80

(1000g)	545.33

Row Spacing:	0	inches

Bandwidth:	0	inches

Unincorporation:	100%

Broadcast applications

Granular

Intermediate Calculations

mg ai/ft2:	7.81

LD50 ft-2

 	wgt class (grams)

Avian	20	N/A

 	100	N/A

 	1000	N/A

Mammal	15	0.33

 	35	0.18

 	1000	0.01

RESULTS– Intermediate EECs and LD50/SQ FT for 1 Application of Granules at 3.0 lb a.i./A

INPUTS – LD50/SQ FT Calculations

Application Rate:	3.0	lbs / acre

% A.I.:	100.00%

Avian LD50 (20g):	>1440.86	mg/kg bw

(100g)	>1834.29

(1000g)	>2591.00

Mammalian LD50 (15g):	1558.26	mg/kg bw

(35g)	1260.80

(1000g)	545.33

Row Spacing:	0	inches

Bandwidth:	0	inches

Unincorporation:	100%

Broadcast applications

Granular

Intermediate Calculations

mg ai/ft2:	31.24

LD50 ft-2

 	wgt class (grams)

Avian	20	N/A

 	100	N/A

 	1000	N/A

Mammal	15	1.34

 	35	0.71

 	1000	0.06

RESULTS– Intermediate EECs and LD50/SQ FT for 1 Banded Application of Granules at 1.5 lb a.i./A

INPUTS – LD50/SQ FT Calculations

Application Rate:	1.5	lbs / acre

% A.I.:	100.00%

Avian LD50 (20g):	>1440.86	mg/kg bw

(100g)	>1834.29

(1000g)	>2591.00

Mammalian LD50 (15g):	1558.26	mg/kg bw

(35g)	1260.80

(1000g)	545.33

Row Spacing:	0	inches

Bandwidth:	0	inches

Unincorporation:	100%

Broadcast applications

Granular

Intermediate Calculations

mg ai/ft2:	15.62

LD50 ft-2

 	wgt class (grams)

Avian	20	N/A

 	100	N/A

 	1000	N/A

Mammal	15	0.67

 	35	0.35

 	1000	0.03

APPENDIX D:  Terrestrial Chronic Exposure Estimates for Granular Applications of Flurprimidol (Earthworm Fugacity Model)

Flurprimidol exposure to terrestrial wildlife from non-granular applications is evaluated by estimating pesticide residues on food items including grasses, plants, insects, fruits, pods, and seeds.  For granular applications, terrestrial EECs and acute risks were derived based on an estimation of loadings of pesticide per unit area (ft2).  EFED has no standard methodology for assessing chronic risk to terrestrial animals from granular applications.  The following chronic exposure estimation and risk characterization for terrestrial animals considers granular routes of exposure including direct ingestion of soil invertebrates that have bioconcentrated pesticide residues of granules in soil.

Direct Ingestion of Soil Invertebrates