Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 1172 85.3 95.867 2.8003 1 955 10 30 60 110 180 240 395 478 Gender Male 760 91.097 105.368 3.8221 1 955 10 30 60 115 190 265 450 620 Gender Female 412 74.607 74.197 3.6554 1 510 10 25 55 95 165 220 300 355 Age ( years) * 13 110.769 129.178 35.8274 10 450 10 35 60 90 300 450 450 450 Age ( years) 1 4 41 80.829 154.295 24.0969 1 955 10 15 35 70 206 210 955 955 Age ( years) 5 11 89 47.607 44.208 4.6861 1 240 7 15 30 65 110 130 180 240 Age ( years) 12 17 80 66.763 71.084 7.9475 5 352 5.5 15 37 93.5 180 222.5 265 352 Age ( years) 18 64 859 91.42 97.968 3.3426 2 750 10 30 60 115 189 260 440 555 Age ( years) > 64 90 79 82.42 8.6878 10 453 12 30 48.5 105 185 265 390 453 Race White 1022 84.717 96.222 3.0099 1 955 10 30 60 110 180 235 390 510 Race Black 68 91.294 98.465 11.9406 6 453 14 27.5 62.5 105.5 220 295 450 453 Race Asian 3 138.333 63.311 36.5529 90 210 90 90 115 210 210 210 210 210 Race Some Others 20 67.2 48.46 10.836 5 165 7.5 25 62.5 102.5 137 154.5 165 165 Race Hispanic 48 92.792 99.31 14.3341 5 440 10 27.5 60 120 224 330 440 440 Race Refused 11 88.182 110.754 33.3935 10 390 10 30 60 65 190 390 390 390 Hispanic No 1069 85.112 95.567 2.9229 1 955 10 30 60 110 180 240 390 478 Hispanic Yes 87 89.103 100.75 10.8015 5 630 5 29 60 115 210 230 440 630 Hispanic DK 5 58 36.187 16.1833 20 97 20 20 68 85 97 97 97 97 Hispanic Refused 11 85.909 111.643 33.6615 10 390 10 30 35 65 190 390 390 390 Employment * 205 60.176 86.416 6.0355 1 955 7 15 30 75 146 185 240 265 Employment Full Time 642 93.288 101.354 4.0001 4 750 10 30 60 120 192 270 450 555 Employment Part Time 97 89.351 88.958 9.0323 2 460 6 30 60 120 190 270 450 460 Employment Not Employed 217 83.032 85.775 5.8228 5 655 10 30 60 110 180 235 300 355 Employment Refused 11 96.364 114.26 34.4508 10 390 10 30 35 170 190 390 390 390 Education * 230 64.043 86.936 5.7324 1 955 7 15 35 85 160 206 245 352 Education < High School 119 90.471 81.711 7.4904 5 453 14 35 60 120 195 280 295 450 Education High School Graduate 392 87.594 94.724 4.7843 2 675 10 30 60 115 185 255 450 510 Education < College 238 91.992 111.776 7.2454 4 750 10 30 60 110 190 290 555 655 Education College Graduate 127 85.228 74.586 6.6184 5 370 15 30 60 110 180 230 345 355 Education Post Graduate 66 112.439 117.975 14.5217 10 650 10 35 80 135 220 412 445 650 Census Region Northeast 170 85.365 104.161 7.9888 2 695 10 20 50 110 186 260 445 630 Census Region Midwest 268 91.209 94.43 5.7682 1 750 10 30 60 118.5 205 245 390 460 Census Region South 491 87.279 100.099 4.5174 4 955 10 30 60 111 180 235 445 595 Census Region West 243 74.741 81.299 5.2153 5 478 10 23 52 90 160 235 395 440 Day Of Week Weekday 796 80.083 90.569 3.2101 1 750 10 30 55 101 170 230 375 510 Day Of Week Weekend 376 96.346 105.493 5.4404 2 955 12 30 60.5 120 192 280 430 460 Season Winter 322 78.543 91.604 5.1049 1 955 10 29 51 95 170 220 355 445 Season Spring 300 92.477 100.164 5.783 1 695 10 30 60 120 208 267.5 442.5 549 Season Summer 323 86.133 99.255 5.5227 2 750 10 30 60 110 180 233 430 595 Season Fall 227 84.216 90.861 6.0306 5 675 10 30 60 105 165 265 395 465 Asthma No 1092 85.288 93.452 2.828 1 750 10 30 60 110 184 240 412 478 Asthma Yes 72 83.639 125.252 14.7611 5 955 10 20 46 115 170 235 395 955 Asthma DK 8 101.875 129.668 45.8446 10 390 10 20 60 127.5 390 390 390 390 Angina No 1142 84.868 95.219 2.8177 1 955 10 30 60 110 180 235 395 475 Angina Yes 20 93.4 116.003 25.939 5 555 7.5 37.5 70 103 140.5 350.5 555 555 Angina DK 10 118.5 128.583 40.6615 10 390 10 30 60 190 340 390 390 390 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1128 85.469 96.579 2.8756 1 955 10 30 60 110 180 240 412 478 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 35 77.8 60.527 10.2308 5 240 5 30 60 120 165 220 240 240 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 9 93.333 123.92 41.3068 10 390 10 20 60 65 390 390 390 390 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 139 Table 15 123. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling on a Motorcycle, Moped, or Scooter Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 32 100.125 152.222 26.909 1 535 5 25 31 98 375 510 535 535 Gender Male 29 104.276 158.322 29.4 1 535 5 25 32 80 485 510 535 535 Gender Female 3 60 74.666 43.108 5 145 5 5 30 145 145 145 145 145 Age ( years) 5 11 2 42.5 53.033 37.5 5 80 5 5 42.5 80 80 80 80 80 Age ( years) 12 17 1 180 * * 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 Age ( years) 18 64 28 103.893 160.69 30.367 1 535 5 25 31 90.5 485 510 535 535 Age ( years) > 64 1 30 * * 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Race White 31 101.516 154.532 27.755 1 535 5 25 30 116 375 510 535 535 Race Black 1 57 * * 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 Hispanic No 31 102.387 154.191 27.693 1 535 5 25 32 116 375 510 535 535 Hispanic Yes 1 30 * * 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Employment * 3 88.333 87.797 50.69 5 180 5 5 80 180 180 180 180 180 Employment Full Time 23 62.783 100.105 20.873 1 485 5 25 30 57 142 145 485 485 Employment Not Employed 6 249.167 251.663 102.741 10 535 10 30 205 510 535 535 535 535 Education * 3 88.333 87.797 50.69 5 180 5 5 80 180 180 180 180 180 Education < High School 3 305 247.538 142.916 30 510 30 30 375 510 510 510 510 510 Education High School Graduate 15 95.667 170.645 44.06 1 535 1 25 30 57 485 535 535 535 Education < College 6 45.833 49.54 20.224 10 145 10 20 32.5 35 145 145 145 145 Education College Graduate 4 70.5 51.423 25.712 20 142 20 37.5 60 103.5 142 142 142 142 Education Post Graduate 1 32 * * 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 Census Region Northeast 6 24.167 8.01 3.27 10 30 10 20 27.5 30 30 30 30 30 Census Region Midwest 12 191.583 216.501 62.499 1 535 1 28 68.5 430 510 535 535 535 Census Region South 6 67.167 66.764 27.256 5 180 5 32 35 116 180 180 180 180 Census Region West 8 44.625 44.654 15.788 5 142 5 15 30 60 142 142 142 142 Day Of Week Weekday 21 71.333 110.425 24.097 5 510 5 25 32 65 145 180 510 510 Day Of Week Weekend 11 155.091 205.865 62.071 1 535 1 20 30 375 485 535 535 535 Season Winter 5 124 230.011 102.864 5 535 5 20 25 35 535 535 535 535 Season Spring 12 121.833 153.631 44.349 1 485 1 28 43.5 143.5 375 485 485 485 Season Summer 8 55.875 52.267 18.479 20 180 20 30 33.5 60 180 180 180 180 Season Fall 7 96.429 184.249 69.639 5 510 5 5 30 80 510 510 510 510 Asthma No 30 85.1 134.187 24.499 1 510 5 25 30 65 277.5 485 510 510 Asthma Yes 2 325.5 296.278 209.5 116 535 116 116 325.5 535 535 535 535 535 Angina No 31 102.387 154.191 27.693 1 535 5 25 32 116 375 510 535 535 Angina Yes 1 30 * * 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 31 101.516 154.532 27.755 1 535 5 25 30 116 375 510 535 535 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 1 57 * * 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 140 August 1997 Table 15 124. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling in Other Trucks Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 124 135.121 235.635 21.16 1 1440 5 25 48 107.5 270 690 960 1080 Gender Male 80 174.888 283.085 31.65 1 1440 5 27 60 139 640 772.5 1080 1440 Gender Female 44 62.818 57.438 8.659 1 270 5 20 45 90 145 180 270 270 Age ( years) * 1 35 * * 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Age ( years) 1 4 4 79 26.47 13.235 46 105 46 58 82.5 100 105 105 105 105 Age ( years) 5 11 9 37.875 28.002 9.9 10 95 10 18.5 30 50.5 95 95 95 95 Age ( years) 12 17 7 116.857 83.071 31.398 10 250 10 60 90 195 250 250 250 250 Age ( years) 18 64 96 153.24 263.424 26.886 1 1440 5 22.5 45 117 600 750 1080 1440 Age ( years) > 64 9 71.5 57.887 20.466 18 186 18 25 60 99 186 186 186 186 Race White 110 1440 242.807 23.151 1 1440 5 25 60 120 412.5 735 960 1080 Race Black 8 46.125 36.314 12.839 10 100 10 15 32.5 82 100 100 100 100 Race Asian 1 40 * * 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Race Some Others 1 95 * * 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 Race Hispanic 3 246.333 366.947 211.86 29 670 29 29 40 670 670 670 670 670 Race Refused 1 35 * * 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Hispanic No 113 133.673 240.595 22.633 1 1440 5 20 45 100 270 735 960 1080 Hispanic Yes 9 170 200.709 66.903 29 670 29 41 105 180 670 670 670 670 Hispanic DK 1 85 * * 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 Hispanic Refused 1 35 * * 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Employment * 18 79.278 63.15 14.885 10 250 10 35 65 95 195 250 250 250 Employment Full Time 79 168.468 286.399 32.222 1 1440 5 20 45 114 670 795 1080 1440 Employment Part Time 6 96 103.894 42.415 2 255 2 5 55 180 255 255 255 255 Employment Not Employed 19 75.105 57.278 13.14 10 186 10 25 75 120 180 186 186 186 Employment Refused 2 20 21.213 15 5 35 5 5 20 35 35 35 35 35 Education * 21 70.333 62.607 13.662 5 250 10 25 60 95 138 195 250 250 Education < High School 10 389 505.656 159.9 5 1440 5 25 45 750 1117.5 1440 1440 1440 Education High School Graduate 48 156.958 257.81 37.212 1 1080 5 19 52.5 130 610 690 1080 1080 Education < College 24 116.25 124.385 25.39 29 600 32 42.5 77.5 120 255 270 600 600 Education College Graduate 10 53 53.24 16.836 10 180 10 15 30 90 135 180 180 180 Education Post Graduate 11 48.545 55.111 16.617 1 186 1 15 30 78 103 186 186 186 Census Region Northeast 28 119.179 237.794 44.939 2 1080 5 27.5 45.5 90 180 795 1080 1080 Census Region Midwest 36 189.194 318.577 53.096 1 1440 5 17 45 197.5 600 960 1440 1440 Census Region South 42 100.595 151.868 23.434 1 750 5 22 55 114 186 205 750 750 Census Region West 18 132.333 194.344 45.807 10 670 10 35 67.5 105 610 670 670 670 Day Of Week Weekday 82 134.793 197.96 21.861 1 795 5 25 60 120 555 670 750 795 Day Of Week Weekend 42 135.762 298.573 46.071 1 1440 5 18 45 75 250 960 1440 1440 Season Winter 36 126.444 219.584 36.597 5 1080 10 26 53 92.5 270 670 1080 1080 Season Spring 29 199.793 350.125 65.017 1 1440 5 15 35 180 795 960 1440 1440 Season Summer 38 87.447 125.316 20.329 2 750 5 32 60 95 195 255 750 750 Season Fall 21 146.952 213.871 46.67 1 735 15 30 74 120 600 600 735 735 Asthma No 116 133.69 238.543 22.148 1 1440 5 21 48 104 270 735 960 1080 Asthma Yes 7 173.143 210.169 79.436 32 610 32 35 60 250 610 610 610 610 Asthma DK 1 35 * * 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Angina No 120 138.725 238.702 21.79 1 1440 5 25 60 112 412.5 712.5 960 1080 Angina Yes 3 24.333 13.65 7.881 15 40 15 15 18 40 40 40 40 40 Angina DK 1 35 * * 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 116 135.612 242.76 22.54 1 1440 5 23.5 45 101.5 555 735 960 1080 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 7 141.286 83.38 31.515 18 250 18 60 180 195 250 250 250 250 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 1 35 * * 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 141 Table 15 125. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling on a Bus Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 469 74.648 93.532 4.3189 2 945 10 30 55 90 125 180 435 570 Gender Male 219 77.251 104.119 7.0357 5 945 10 30 55 90 135 180 460 570 Gender Female 250 72.368 83.306 5.2688 2 640 15 30 55 90 120 175 420 501 Age ( years) * 14 145 167.177 44.68 10 605 10 60 100 140 435 605 605 605 Age ( years) 1 4 5 56 40.218 17.986 15 120 15 30 55 60 120 120 120 120 Age ( years) 5 11 133 48.383 29.431 2.552 5 140 10 25 43 67 90 110 120 122 Age ( years) 12 17 143 59.413 46.343 3.8754 7 370 10 30 54 75 110 135 179 225 Age ( years) 18 64 147 96.639 128.354 10.587 2 945 10 30 60 110 180 405 640 690 Age ( years) > 64 27 131.963 144.641 27.836 10 570 20 45 73 130 435 460 570 570 Race White 311 70.071 89.462 5.0729 2 945 10 30 54 80 120 147 405 501 Race Black 101 85.178 92.396 9.1937 5 570 15 35 60 110 140 185 460 468 Race Asian 15 58 58.487 15.101 5 175 5 20 20 120 155 175 175 175 Race Some Others 14 107.143 176.48 47.166 20 690 20 30 42.5 100 225 690 690 690 Race Hispanic 24 65.542 71.515 14.598 15 370 20 30 42.5 87 90 120 370 370 Race Refused 4 168 196.195 98.098 10 435 10 21 113.5 315 435 435 435 435 Hispanic No 415 72.839 86.077 4.2253 2 945 10 30 55 90 125 165 420 468 Hispanic Yes 46 83.913 138.922 20.483 7 690 15 30 37.5 85 145 370 690 690 Hispanic DK 2 47.5 10.607 7.5 40 55 40 40 47.5 55 55 55 55 55 Hispanic Refused 6 137.833 159.631 65.169 10 435 10 32 77.5 195 435 435 435 435 Employment * 274 54.018 39.364 2.3781 5 370 10 29 49.5 70 100 120 150 179 Employment Full Time 95 122.579 168.8 17.319 5 945 10 30 60 120 405 570 690 945 Employment Part Time 34 83.265 79.298 13.6 2 468 10 40 60 100 135 185 468 468 Employment Not Employed 61 80.262 69.212 8.8617 5 460 10 30 65 120 135 165 205 460 Employment Refused 5 167.4 169.916 75.989 10 435 10 32 165 195 435 435 435 435 Education * 295 55.302 44.964 2.6179 5 435 10 29 49 70 100 120 155 225 Education < High School 25 120.4 124.272 24.854 10 570 30 45 90 135 195 405 570 570 Education High School Graduate 57 111.579 116.718 15.46 10 501 20 45 73 120 225 435 468 501 Education < College 38 108.842 133.431 21.645 10 640 20 40 75 120 195 605 640 640 Education College Graduate 30 84.633 128.087 23.385 2 690 5 30 60 90 130 300 690 690 Education Post Graduate 24 110.458 199.236 40.669 5 945 10 29 60 101.5 125 460 945 945 Census Region Northeast 145 77.062 75.41 6.2624 7 435 15 30 60 95 135 180 435 435 Census Region Midwest 102 69.676 103.283 10.227 2 945 10 30 55 85 120 125 175 468 Census Region South 142 71.718 82.846 6.9523 5 570 10 30 50 80 135 180 460 501 Census Region West 80 81.813 124.342 13.902 5 690 12.5 30 41.5 90 127.5 297.5 640 690 Day Of Week Weekday 426 70.61 84.646 4.1011 2 690 10 30 50 85 120 165 435 501 Day Of Week Weekend 43 114.651 152.229 23.215 10 945 20 45 90 120 180 300 945 945 Season Winter 158 78.285 98.116 7.8057 5 690 10 30 58 90 125 180 435 605 Season Spring 140 61.636 53.541 4.525 2 460 10 30 50 75 120 137.5 205 225 Season Summer 94 86.617 116.695 12.036 5 945 10 30 60 95 155 225 435 945 Season Fall 77 76.234 107.505 12.251 5 640 10 30 50 80 125 175 570 640 Asthma No 413 76.448 96.792 4.7628 2 945 10 30 55 90 125 180 435 570 Asthma Yes 50 55.36 39.329 5.562 5 195 10 30 47.5 71 115 135 165 195 Asthma DK 6 111.5 161.48 65.924 10 435 10 32 46 100 435 435 435 435 Angina No 459 73.373 91.312 4.2621 2 945 10 30 55 90 125 179 420 570 Angina Yes 4 168.75 182.683 91.341 20 435 20 60 110 277.5 435 435 435 435 Angina DK 6 109.5 162.362 66.284 10 435 10 30 41 100 435 435 435 435 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 442 74.814 94.281 4.4845 2 945 10 30 55 90 125 180 435 570 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 19 58.158 39.881 9.1493 10 155 10 30 55 65 125 155 155 155 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 8 104.625 137.907 48.757 10 435 10 28.5 67.5 100 435 435 435 435 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 142 August 1997 Table 15 126. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Walking Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 1639 29.6718 41.617 1.028 1 540 2 6 16 39 65 95 151 190 Gender Male 755 32.4781 48.2611 1.7564 1 540 2 7 20 40 70 100 170 270 Gender Female 883 27.2831 34.8259 1.172 1 360 2 6 15 35 60 94 140 171 Gender Refused 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Age ( years) * 38 29.5263 23.7416 3.8514 1 100 2 10 25 40 60 80 100 100 Age ( years) 1 4 58 24.3276 26.3268 3.4569 1 160 2 10 15 35 60 60 70 160 Age ( years) 5 11 155 18.2129 21.0263 1.6889 1 170 1 5 10 25 40 60 65 100 Age ( years) 12 17 223 25.8341 32.3753 2.168 1 190 2 6 15 30 60 100 135 151 Age ( years) 18 64 944 31.8252 44.9705 1.4637 1 410 2 6 18.5 40 70 110 171 250 Age ( years) > 64 221 33.81 49.3278 3.3181 1 540 2 10 20 45 73 95 155 180 Race White 1289 29.5912 43.6801 1.2166 1 540 2 6 15 35 65 100 160 225 Race Black 175 34.8114 39.7274 3.0031 1 250 2 10 20 50 75 125 160 194 Race Asian 36 26.5556 24.6535 4.1089 1 100 1 10 20 30 60 78 100 100 Race Some Others 30 23.7667 21.2192 3.8741 1 60 1 6 17 43 60 60 60 60 Race Hispanic 88 23.0795 21.1058 2.2499 1 100 2 5.5 15 37 50 60 92 100 Race Refused 21 33.1905 32.9555 7.1915 4 150 8 15 20 40 65 65 150 150 Hispanic No 1467 29.8718 41.0288 1.0712 1 410 2 6 16 40 65 100 155 194 Hispanic Yes 144 26.8403 48.7064 4.0589 1 540 2 5.5 15 35 60 70 100 135 Hispanic DK 10 30.2 28.8359 9.1187 2 80 2 10 17.5 55 77.5 80 80 80 Hispanic Refused 18 35.7222 34.7847 8.1988 8 150 8 15 25 55 65 150 150 150 Employment * 431 22.768 28.0141 1.3494 1 190 2 5 13 30 55 65 131 151 Employment Full Time 561 30.9519 43.7734 1.8481 1 365 2 7 16 40 70 100 180 250 Employment Part Time 153 26.8693 37.1231 3.0012 1 295 2 5 15 35 60 92 135 165 Employment Not Employed 482 35.5249 49.4109 2.2506 1 540 2 10 20 50 75 120 150 250 Employment Refused 12 18.4167 13.4601 3.8856 5 55 5 10 16.5 20 30 55 55 55 Education * 472 22.6737 27.6375 1.2721 1 190 2 5 13 30 55 65 130 151 Education < High School 138 42.7174 71.9429 6.1242 1 540 3 7 20 50 115 145 360 365 Education High School Graduate 366 29.2596 41.5618 2.1725 1 410 2 5 18 35 65 100 150 240 Education < College 288 32.5313 39.3063 2.3161 1 295 2 9.5 20 45 75 100 160 180 Education College Graduate 210 29.7667 38.813 2.6784 1 300 2 8 18.5 40 60 90 140 225 Education Post Graduate 165 34.5818 44.6107 3.4729 1 360 2 10 20 45 80 95 180 200 Census Region Northeast 507 34.9172 45.2549 2.0098 1 365 2 10 20 45 75 107 170 250 Census Region Midwest 321 29.271 46.8743 2.6163 1 540 2 6 15 31 60 105 160 180 Census Region South 423 24.9976 37.6654 1.8314 1 410 2 5 10 30 60 80 135 171 Census Region West 388 28.2448 35.029 1.7783 1 285 2 8 15 40 60 90 140 180 Day Of Week Weekday 1182 29.2902 39.1911 1.1399 1 540 2 7 18 40 65 92 145 180 Day Of Week Weekend 457 30.6586 47.3511 2.215 1 410 2 5 15 35 60 120 171 200 Season Winter 412 32.3034 47.7062 2.3503 1 365 2 6 20 38.5 75 120 180 250 Season Spring 459 28.854 41.54 1.9389 1 540 2 6 16 35 60 90 146 180 Season Summer 475 26.6084 31.325 1.4373 1 270 2 6 15 35 60 85 123 160 Season Fall 293 32.2184 46.6936 2.7279 1 410 2 8 20 45 61 105 155 295 Asthma No 1504 29.6011 41.9939 1.0828 1 540 2 6 16 35.5 65 95 152 190 Asthma Yes 120 29.7417 38.3451 3.5004 1 250 2 5 15 40 70 117.5 135 150 Asthma DK 15 36.2 27.8162 7.1821 5 90 5 10 30 60 75 90 90 90 Angina No 1578 29.5076 41.4718 1.044 1 540 2 6 16 38 65 95 151 190 Angina Yes 44 29 36.0633 5.4367 2 150 4 6 14.5 36 60 115 150 150 Angina DK 17 46.6471 63.1456 15.3151 5 270 5 10 30 60 90 270 270 270 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1553 29.7173 42.1023 1.0684 1 540 2 6 16 38 65 95 151 194 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 67 26.9851 31.8774 3.8944 1 165 2 5 16 40 60 90 130 165 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 19 35.4211 31.3658 7.1958 3 110 3 10 30 60 90 110 110 110 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 143 Table 15 127. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling on a Bicycle/ Skateboard/ Rollerskate Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 115 45.1217 53.35 4.9749 1 400 5 11 30 60 102 151 195 205 Gender Male 82 43.2073 56.113 6.1966 1 400 5 10 27.5 50 90 120 195 400 Gender Female 33 49.8788 46.228 8.0472 5 205 5 15 45 60 105 165 205 205 Age ( years) * 2 15 7.071 5 10 20 10 10 15 20 20 20 20 20 Age ( years) 1 4 2 20 14.142 10 10 30 10 10 20 30 30 30 30 30 Age ( years) 5 11 18 40.2778 52.985 12.4886 1 195 1 10 15 55 151 195 195 195 Age ( years) 12 17 33 31.9697 27.929 4.8618 2 115 5 10 25 45 65 102 115 115 Age ( years) 18 64 53 53.2264 62.916 8.6422 5 400 5 20 30 65 105 165 180 400 Age ( years) > 64 7 74 67.295 25.4353 23 205 23 25 35 110 205 205 205 205 Race White 98 46.7245 56.914 5.7492 1 400 5 11 30 60 110 165 205 400 Race Black 7 41.1429 21.737 8.2156 5 65 5 25 50 60 65 65 65 65 Race Asian 2 6 1.414 1 5 7 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 Race Some Others 4 47.5 23.629 11.8145 30 80 30 30 40 65 80 80 80 80 Race Hispanic 3 33.3333 25.166 14.5297 10 60 10 10 30 60 60 60 60 60 Race Refused 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Hispanic No 106 45.8679 55.172 5.3587 1 400 5 10 30 60 105 151 195 205 Hispanic Yes 8 38.375 23.323 8.2461 10 80 10 23.5 30 55 80 80 80 80 Hispanic Refused 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Employment * 52 33.8462 38.258 5.3054 1 195 2 10 20 47.5 65 115 151 195 Employment Full Time 27 56.8519 76.863 14.7923 5 400 5 15 30 60 115 120 400 400 Employment Part Time 7 40.8571 24.768 9.3616 10 90 10 30 35 46 90 90 90 90 Employment Not Employed 27 55.4815 54.258 10.442 5 205 5 20 30 90 165 180 205 205 Employment Refused 2 55 49.497 35 20 90 20 20 55 90 90 90 90 90 Education * 56 33.3929 36.945 4.937 1 195 2 10 20 45 65 115 151 195 Education < High School 3 98.3333 77.835 44.9382 25 180 25 25 90 180 180 180 180 180 Education High School Graduate 18 41.5556 49.048 11.5606 5 205 5 15 30 46 100 205 205 205 Education < College 18 42.9444 35.049 8.261 5 120 5 20 30 60 115 120 120 120 Education College Graduate 11 89.8182 111.308 33.5605 15 400 15 25 53 90 165 400 400 400 Education Post Graduate 9 57.2222 38.415 12.8049 5 110 5 20 60 90 110 110 110 110 Census Region Northeast 20 42.05 35.057 7.839 5 102 5 10 32.5 77.5 95 101 102 102 Census Region Midwest 24 39.125 47.505 9.6969 2 180 5 10 18.5 57.5 90 165 180 180 Census Region South 26 64.6923 87.03 17.0681 1 400 2 15 32.5 75 195 205 400 400 Census Region West 45 38.3778 32.614 4.8619 5 151 5 18 30 50 80 115 151 151 Day Of Week Weekday 83 44.5783 56.02 6.149 5 400 5 15 30 60 90 151 205 400 Day Of Week Weekend 32 46.5313 46.508 8.2215 1 195 2 10 32.5 75 110 120 195 195 Season Winter 20 38.6 44.951 10.0513 1 205 3.5 12.5 27.5 47.5 75 147.5 205 205 Season Spring 46 34.7826 35.036 5.1657 5 195 5 10 22.5 46 80 90 195 195 Season Summer 34 61.7059 72.243 12.3896 2 400 5 20 42.5 90 115 165 400 400 Season Fall 15 47.9333 55.663 14.3721 2 180 2 10 20 75 151 180 180 180 Asthma No 95 48.5368 57.246 5.8733 1 400 5 15 30 60 110 165 205 400 Asthma Yes 18 29.3333 24.22 5.7086 5 90 5 7 32.5 40 60 90 90 90 Asthma DK 2 25 7.071 5 20 30 20 20 25 30 30 30 30 30 Angina No 114 45.3421 53.533 5.0138 1 400 5 11 30 60 102 151 195 205 Angina DK 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 109 45.1284 53.909 5.1636 1 400 5 15 30 60 102 151 195 205 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 5 50 49.624 22.1923 5 115 5 10 30 90 115 115 115 115 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 144 August 1997 Table 15 128. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Waiting on a Bus, Train, etc. Stop Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 151 18.702 18.7513 1.526 1 128 4 7 15 20 40 45 67 120 Gender Male 61 16.3443 17.9934 2.3038 1 120 4 5 11 20 30 45 65 120 Gender Female 90 20.3 19.1818 2.02319 1 128 4 10 15 30 42.5 60 75 128 Age ( years) * 2 21 5.6569 4 17 25 17 17 21 25 25 25 25 25 Age ( years) 1 4 2 8 9.8995 7 1 15 1 1 8 15 15 15 15 15 Age ( years) 5 11 32 12.5 10.7283 1.8965 2 45 2 5 10 15 20 43 45 45 Age ( years) 12 17 50 13.78 11.4843 1.6241 1 74 3 5 10 20 23 30 52.5 75 Age ( years) 18 64 54 25.5 25.616 3.4859 1 128 5 10 15 30 60 67 120 128 Age ( years) > 64 11 27.2727 13.484 4.0656 5 45 5 20 30 40 45 45 45 45 Race White 115 18.2522 17.9501 1.6739 1 128 4 5 15 22 40 45 67 75 Race Black 21 17.4762 11.9901 2.6164 1 45 3 10 15 23 35 40 45 45 Race Asian 3 10 5 2.8868 5 15 5 5 10 15 15 15 15 15 Race Some Others 1 15 * * 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Race Hispanic 10 29.8 35.8137 11.3253 5 120 5 10 16.5 20 92.5 120 120 120 Race Refused 1 15 * * 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Hispanic No 136 18.0956 17.1036 1.4666 1 128 4 6 15 22.5 40 45 67 75 Hispanic Yes 13 25.2308 32.4427 8.998 1 120 1 10 15 20 65 120 120 120 Hispanic DK 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Hispanic Refused 1 15 * * 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Employment * 79 13.1646 11.3707 1.2793 1 75 2 5 10 15 23 35 45 75 Employment Full Time 31 24.9355 24.8125 4.4565 1 128 5 10 15 30 45 65 128 128 Employment Part Time 15 31.6667 31.5179 8.1379 5 120 5 10 17 45 67 120 120 120 Employment Not Employed 26 20.6154 12.7061 2.4919 5 45 5 10 20 30 40 45 45 45 Education * 87 12.931 10.9723 1.1763 1 75 3 5 10 15 23 30 45 75 Education < High School 6 32.5 11.726 4.7871 15 45 15 25 32.5 45 45 45 45 45 Education High School Graduate 25 23.56 24.5749 4.915 5 120 5 10 15 30 45 67 120 120 Education < College 9 28.333 19.2029 6.401 10 60 10 10 20 45 60 60 60 60 Education College Graduate 16 33.8125 31.1239 7.781 5 128 5 10 30 37.5 65 128 128 128 Education Post Graduate 8 14.875 8.3741 2.9607 1 30 1 40.5 15 18.5 30 30 30 30 Census Region Northeast 63 20.4921 23.43 2.9519 1 128 3 6 15 22 40 65 120 128 Census Region Midwest 27 17.4074 13.1244 2.5258 3 60 4 5 15 20 35 35 60 60 Census Region South 39 19.8205 16.6684 2.6691 4 75 5 10 15 28 45 65 75 75 Census Region West 22 13.1818 11.3458 2.4189 1 45 1 5 10 15 30 30 45 45 Day Of Week Weekday 128 17.7891 18.9656 1.6763 1 128 3 5.5 15 20 35 45 75 120 Day Of Week Weekend 23 23.7826 17.0026 3.5453 5 65 5 10 20 35 45 60 65 65 Season Winter 55 19.9273 15.5693 2.0994 1 75 2 10 15 25 43 60 65 75 Season Spring 43 17.186 20.6574 3.1502 1 120 4 5 10 20 33 45 120 120 Season Summer 28 24 25.4675 4.8129 5 128 5 10 15 32.5 45 67 128 128 Season Fall 25 12.68 9.8815 1.9763 1 45 4 5 10 15 20 35 45 45 Asthma No 139 18.7698 18.7788 1.5928 1 128 3 10 15 20 40 45 75 120 Asthma Yes 10 20 20.5372 6.4944 4 65 4 5 12 30 55 65 65 65 Asthma DK 2 7.5 3.5355 2.5 5 10 5 5 7.5 10 10 10 10 10 Angina No 151 18.702 18.7513 1.526 1 128 4 7 15 20 40 45 67 120 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 145 18.6552 18.969 1.5753 1 128 4 6 15 20 40 45 75 120 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 6 19.8333 13.5561 5.5342 9 45 9 10 16 23 45 45 45 45 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 145 Table 15 129. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling on a Train/ Subway/ Rapid Transit Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 116 97.767 136.346 12.659 1 810 5 27.5 60 120 189 415 690 720 Gender Male 62 91.613 119.437 15.168 5 720 10 24 60 120 180 240 480 720 Gender Female 54 104.833 154.349 21.004 1 810 2 30 60 120 195 480 690 810 Age ( years) * 8 191.875 256.82 90.8 20 810 20 55 117.5 180 810 810 810 810 Age ( years) 1 4 2 92.5 38.891 27.5 65 120 65 65 92.5 120 120 120 120 120 Age ( years) 5 11 3 166.667 271.401 156.693 5 480 5 5 15 480 480 480 480 480 Age ( years) 12 17 2 100 56.569 40 60 140 60 60 100 140 140 140 140 140 Age ( years) 18 64 92 84.967 106.533 11.107 1 720 5 30 60 104.5 175 240 480 720 Age ( years) > 64 9 122.667 219.531 73.177 10 690 10 10 24 120 690 690 690 690 Race White 64 89.5 139.691 17.461 1 720 5 22 55 74 195 380 690 720 Race Black 26 131.385 168.356 33.017 5 810 10 35 117.5 135 195 480 810 810 Race Asian 3 79.667 17.039 9.838 60 90 60 60 89 90 90 90 90 90 Race Some Others 4 71.25 47.675 23.838 30 140 30 42.5 57.5 100 140 140 140 140 Race Hispanic 16 88.625 98.922 24.731 5 415 5 20 70 112.5 165 415 415 415 Race Refused 3 85 56.347 32.532 20 120 20 20 115 120 120 120 120 120 Hispanic No 89 101.281 149.687 15.867 1 810 5 25 60 120 195 480 720 810 Hispanic Yes 22 86.955 85.561 18.242 5 415 10 40 70 120 130 165 415 415 Hispanic DK 2 79.5 34.648 24.5 55 104 55 55 79.5 104 104 104 104 104 Hispanic Refused 3 85 56.347 32.532 20 120 20 20 115 120 120 120 120 120 Employment * 7 126.429 163.598 61.834 5 480 5 15 65 140 480 480 480 480 Employment Full Time 76 98.526 128.056 14.689 1 720 5 30 60 120 189 380 690 720 Employment Part Time 10 61.7 46.375 14.665 5 160 5 15 57.5 89 125 160 160 160 Employment Not Employed 21 101.714 186.201 40.632 1 810 10 10 55 90 165 415 810 810 Employment Refused 2 107.5 123.744 87.5 20 195 20 20 107.5 195 195 195 195 195 Education * 10 122 140.024 44.279 5 480 5 20 92.5 140 337.5 480 480 480 Education < High School 6 181.833 311.76 127.275 1 810 1 5 70 135 810 810 810 810 Education High School Graduate 30 89.433 109.191 19.935 1 480 2 30 60 120 177.5 415 480 480 Education < College 26 125.692 189.64 37.192 10 720 10 20 60 120 380 690 720 720 Education College Graduate 24 66.5 50.332 10.274 5 180 10 24.5 55 102.5 125 175 180 180 Education Post Graduate 20 74.15 59.415 13.286 10 240 12.5 30 60 97 164.5 214.5 240 240 Census Region Northeast 72 111.847 134.554 15.857 10 810 20 49 62.5 122.5 189 415 690 810 Census Region Midwest 14 64.214 109.483 29.261 2 380 2 10 22.5 50 240 380 380 380 Census Region South 15 75.733 121.139 31.278 1 480 1 10 30 90 160 480 480 480 Census Region West 15 83.533 179.444 46.332 5 720 5 10 30 75 120 720 720 720 Day Of Week Weekday 96 101.604 127.189 12.981 1 720 10 30 60 120 195 415 690 720 Day Of Week Weekend 20 79.35 176.643 39.499 2 810 3.5 7.5 32.5 60 120 465 810 810 Season Winter 26 138.192 196.327 38.503 5 810 10 30 79.5 130 240 720 810 810 Season Spring 29 77.276 89.479 16.616 2 480 5 25 60 105 135 175 480 480 Season Summer 37 106.081 140.735 23.137 5 690 10 30 60 120 195 480 690 690 Season Fall 24 65.917 82.217 16.782 1 380 1 15 42.5 82.5 160 180 380 380 Asthma No 106 94.151 122.865 11.934 1 720 5 30 60 120 180 380 480 690 Asthma Yes 7 146.571 294.036 111.135 1 810 1 10 30 90 810 810 810 810 Asthma DK 3 111.667 87.797 50.69 20 195 20 20 120 195 195 195 195 195 Angina No 112 96.527 137.946 13.035 1 810 5 27.5 60 117.5 175 415 690 720 Angina DK 4 132.5 82.916 41.458 20 195 20 70 157.5 195 195 195 195 195 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 112 98.179 138.009 13.041 1 810 5 30 60 120 180 415 690 720 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 1 10 * * 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 3 111.667 87.797 50.69 20 195 20 20 120 195 195 195 195 195 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 146 August 1997 Table 15 130. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling on an Airplane Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 53 234 203.736 27.985 10 900 15 70 210 300 480 660 900 900 Gender Male 28 241.25 230.979 43.651 15 900 20 65 210 292.5 555 900 900 900 Gender Female 25 225.88 172.581 34.516 10 660 15 110 210 300 480 510 660 660 Age ( years) * 3 175 145.688 84.113 15 300 15 15 210 300 300 300 300 300 Age ( years) 12 17 3 113.333 118.568 68.455 15 245 15 15 80 245 245 245 245 245 Age ( years) 18 64 42 226.429 193.962 29.929 10 900 20 60 202.5 300 480 555 900 900 Age ( years) > 64 5 405.4 292.392 130.762 195 900 195 210 287 435 900 900 900 900 Race White 44 241.068 215.555 32.496 10 900 15 65 210 300 510 660 900 900 Race Black 7 199.286 134.364 50.785 15 435 15 110 210 255 435 435 435 435 Race Asian 1 60 * * 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Race Hispanic 1 340 * * 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 Hispanic No 51 234.745 206.224 28.877 10 900 15 60 210 300 480 660 900 900 Hispanic Yes 2 215 176.777 125 90 340 90 90 215 340 340 340 340 340 Employment * 3 113.333 118.568 68.455 15 245 15 15 80 245 245 245 245 245 Employment Full Time 33 212.424 194.008 33.773 15 900 20 60 180 285 480 555 900 900 Employment Part Time 3 510 375.899 217.025 150 900 150 150 480 900 900 900 900 900 Employment Not Employed 13 259.385 168.387 46.702 10 660 10 195 225 300 435 660 660 660 Employment Refused 1 150 * * 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Education * 4 122.5 98.531 49.265 15 245 15 47.5 115 197.5 245 245 245 245 Education < High School 4 111.25 179.647 89.823 10 380 10 12.5 27.5 210 380 380 380 380 Education High School Graduate 9 253.889 191.046 63.682 15 660 15 195 270 285 660 660 660 660 Education < College 13 293.846 170.784 47.367 20 555 20 180 300 435 510 555 555 555 Education College Graduate 15 194.8 113.998 29.434 45 480 45 90 210 255 287 480 480 480 Education Post Graduate 8 305 375.129 132.628 20 900 20 45 137.5 577.5 900 900 900 900 Census Region Northeast 17 254.706 234.81 56.95 15 900 15 70 245 380 510 900 900 900 Census Region Midwest 17 235.118 234.348 56.838 15 900 15 60 195 287 660 900 900 900 Census Region South 9 212.778 103.565 34.522 15 340 15 150 255 270 340 340 340 340 Census Region West 10 216 181.702 57.459 10 555 10 45 202.5 240 517.5 555 555 555 Day Of Week Weekday 37 258.919 192.755 31.689 15 900 15 150 230 305 510 660 900 900 Day Of Week Weekend 16 176.375 222.825 55.706 10 900 10 37.5 95 262.5 360 900 900 900 Season Winter 17 216.294 172.818 41.914 20 660 20 60 210 275 480 660 660 660 Season Spring 14 191.786 160.547 42.908 15 555 15 90 150 230 435 555 555 555 Season Summer 17 230.882 222.171 53.884 10 900 10 60 245 300 480 900 900 900 Season Fall 5 423 294.398 131.659 180 900 180 240 285 510 900 900 900 900 Asthma No 51 224.843 201.484 28.213 10 900 15 60 210 287 480 660 900 900 Asthma Yes 2 467.5 123.744 87.5 380 555 380 380 467.5 555 555 555 555 555 Angina No 51 233.725 207.562 29.064 10 900 15 60 210 300 480 660 900 900 Angina Yes 2 241 65.054 46 195 287 195 195 241 287 287 287 287 287 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 51 231.608 206.7 28.944 10 900 15 60 210 300 480 660 900 900 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 2 295 120.208 85 210 380 210 210 295 380 380 380 380 380 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 147 Table 15 131. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Indoors in a Residence ( all rooms)

Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 9343 1001.39 275.143 2.8465 8 1440 575 795 985 1235 1395 1440 1440 1440 Gender Male 4269 945.9 273.498 4.1859 8 1440 540 750 900 1160 1350 1430 1440 1440 Gender Female 5070 1048.07 267.864 3.7619 30 1440 620 840 1050 1280 1420 1440 1440 1440 Gender Refused 4 1060 135.647 67.8233 900 1200 900 950 1070 1170 1200 1200 1200 1200 Age ( years) * 187 1001.07 279.866 20.4658 265 1440 565 799 955 1230 1440 1440 1440 1440 Age ( years) 1 4 498 1211.64 218.745 9.8022 270 1440 795 1065 1260 1410 1440 1440 1440 1440 Age ( years) 5 11 700 1005.13 222.335 8.4035 190 1440 686 845 975 1165 1334 1412.5 1440 1440 Age ( years) 12 17 588 969.5 241.776 9.9707 95 1440 585 811.5 950 1155 1310 1405 1440 1440 Age ( years) 18 64 6022 947.91 273.033 3.5184 8 1440 540 750 900 1165 1350 1428 1440 1440 Age ( years) > 64 1348 1174.64 229.344 6.2466 60 1440 760 1030 1210 1375 1440 1440 1440 1440 Race White 7556 999.36 275.678 3.1714 8 1440 570 795 980 1235 1395 1440 1440 1440 Race Black 941 1015.95 272.54 8.8845 190 1440 600 815 1000 1245 1410 1440 1440 1440 Race Asian 157 983.52 254.689 20.3264 30 1440 600 810 930 1180 1355 1420 1440 1440 Race Some Others 181 996.09 268.283 19.9413 10 1440 604 805 975 1198 1380 1440 1440 1440 Race Hispanic 382 1009.4 281.75 14.4156 55 1440 555 810 1004.5 1250 1410 1440 1440 1440 Race Refused 126 1019.69 276.578 24.6396 270 1440 575 840 975 1255 1440 1440 1440 1440 Hispanic No 8498 1000.38 275.436 2.9879 8 1440 575 795 980 1235 1395 1440 1440 1440 Hispanic Yes 696 1009.84 270.816 10.2653 55 1440 585 810 1000 1230 1405 1440 1440 1440 Hispanic DK 46 1097.87 286.655 42.265 401 1440 645 835 1172.5 1355 1440 1440 1440 1440 Hispanic Refused 103 984.08 269.485 26.5531 270 1440 565 810 950 1200 1375 1440 1440 1440 Employment * 1768 1053.3 248.46 5.909 95 1440 675 870 1030 1255 1413 1440 1440 1440 Employment Full Time 4068 881.03 259.166 4.0634 8 1440 515 715 835 1045.5 1290 1385 1440 1440 Employment Part Time 797 982.44 243.085 8.6105 255 1440 600 820 970 1170 1320 1380 1440 1440 Employment Not Employed 2639 1158.03 233.775 4.5507 60 1440 735 1015 1190 1350 1440 1440 1440 1440 Employment Refused 71 995.08 268.059 31.8128 445 1440 575 810 940 1255 1440 1440 1440 1440 Education * 1963 1044.47 251.888 5.6852 95 1440 660 855 1020 1254 1410 1440 1440 1440 Education < High School 829 1093.37 278.592 9.6759 150 1440 630 870 1130 1345 1440 1440 1440 1440 Education High School Graduate 2602 1008.1 279.281 5.4751 30 1440 565 803 995 1245 1400 1440 1440 1440 Education < College 1788 974.34 272.599 6.4468 10 1440 570 775 930 1205 1371 1436 1440 1440 Education College Graduate 1240 939.49 275.004 7.8096 30 1440 528 745 885 1165 1335 1427.5 1440 1440 Education Post Graduate 921 943.67 274.27 9.0375 8 1440 540 750 900 1155 1350 1410 1440 1440 Census Region Northeast 2068 1003.4 278.441 6.1229 30 1440 570 795 980 1245 1405 1440 1440 1440 Census Region Midwest 2087 1001.73 280.646 6.1432 8 1440 565 790 989 1250 1390 1440 1440 1440 Census Region South 3230 999 270.19 4.7541 10 1440 585 800 970 1228 1400 1440 1440 1440 Census Region West 1958 1002.84 273.992 6.192 30 1440 575 800 1000 1230 1390 1440 1440 1440 Day Of Week Weekday 6286 965.69 272.596 3.4382 30 1440 567 770 911 1190 1380 1440 1440 1440 Day Of Week Weekend 3057 1074.81 265.676 4.8051 8 1440 615 895 1105 1290 1420 1440 1440 1440 Season Winter 2513 1034.92 278.237 5.5503 30 1440 590 825 1015 1285 1432 1440 1440 1440 Season Spring 2424 977.88 267.177 5.4267 10 1440 580 780 955 1185 1370 1435 1440 1440 Season Summer 2522 980.52 273.962 5.4553 8 1440 555 785 960 1201 1365 1440 1440 1440 Season Fall 1884 1014.84 277.47 6.3926 30 1440 589 805 997 1260 1405 1440 1440 1440 Asthma No 8591 999.12 274.377 2.9602 8 1440 576 795 980 1230 1393 1440 1440 1440 Asthma Yes 689 1027.42 284.437 10.8362 190 1440 555 825 1025 1260 1430 1440 1440 1440 Asthma DK 63 1025.68 264.342 33.3039 445 1440 630 840 960 1315 1410 1440 1440 1440 Angina No 9019 997.77 274.112 2.8863 8 1440 575 795 975 1230 1391 1440 1440 1440 Angina Yes 249 1125.47 281.353 17.83 180 1440 660 925 1185 1380 1440 1440 1440 1440 Angina DK 75 1024.08 285.059 32.9158 150 1440 560 840 975 1305 1425 1440 1440 1440 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 8840 997.66 274.78 2.9225 8 1440 575 795 975 1230 1395 1440 1440 1440 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 432 1070.48 273.759 13.1712 205 1440 585 867.5 1110 1292.5 1440 1440 1440 1440 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 71 1045.48 273.047 32.4047 445 1440 565 845 975 1320 1440 1440 1440 1440 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 148 August 1997 Table 15 132. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors ( outside the residence)

Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 3124 154.03 158.302 2.8322 1 1290 5 40 105 210 362 480 610 715 Gender Male 1533 174.908 173.671 4.4356 1 1290 10 60 120 240 420 540 680 745 Gender Female 1588 133.524 138.801 3.4831 1 1065 5 30 90 190 325 415 525 610 Gender Refused 3 340 140 80.829 240 500 240 240 280 500 500 500 500 500 Age ( years) * 40 163.95 179.615 28.3996 2 720 3.5 40 107.5 212.5 430 600 720 720 Age ( years) 1 4 201 195.652 163.732 11.5488 3 715 30 75 135 270 430 535 625 699 Age ( years) 5 11 353 187.564 158.575 8.4401 4 1250 20 80 150 265 365 479 600 720 Age ( years) 12 17 219 135.26 137.031 9.2597 1 720 5 35 100 190 300 452 545 610 Age ( years) 18 64 1809 144.244 155.13 3.6473 1 1080 5 30 90 199 360 470 600 715 Age ( years) > 64 502 156.448 168.259 7.5098 1 1290 5 36 110 210 375 485 645 735 Race White 2622 156.787 160.173 3.1281 1 1290 5 45 105 215 375 485 625 720 Race Black 255 141.557 153.169 9.5918 1 1250 5 30 95 195 330 420 535 645 Race Asian 34 115.765 135.554 23.2474 1 480 5 20 60 150 360 450 480 480 Race Some Others 53 167 149.049 20.4735 3 750 5 60 130 238 320 475 553 750 Race Hispanic 125 117.28 128.886 11.5279 1 720 5 30 70 150 270 355 590 610 Race Refused 35 187.143 163.771 27.6824 5 600 5 60 170 240 450 510 600 600 Hispanic No 2857 153.812 158.38 2.9631 1 1290 5 40 105 210 362 480 610 720 Hispanic Yes 222 146.405 154.069 10.3405 1 750 5 30 112.5 200 345 480 640 690 Hispanic DK 15 191.533 178.278 46.0312 15 585 15 40 140 380 420 585 585 585 Hispanic Refused 30 212.5 165.335 30.186 5 600 5 60 180 345 457.5 510 600 600 Employment * 774 175.762 156.127 5.6119 1 1250 15 60 125 245 380 480 610 705 Employment Full Time 1110 141.308 159.947 4.8008 1 1080 5 30 85 195 358.5 490 660 745 Employment Part Time 240 134.663 140.78 9.0873 1 1080 5 30 90 182.5 332.5 422.5 485 525 Employment Not Employed 978 156.052 159.151 5.0891 1 1290 5 40 115 220 375 480 610 701 Employment Refused 22 152.727 209.828 44.7355 5 660 5 15 60 125 555 600 660 660 Education * 825 174.105 156.184 5.4376 1 1250 15 60 125 240 380 480 610 699 Education < High School 306 171.941 188.396 10.7699 1 1290 7 45 120 240 405 510 765 855 Education High School Graduate 837 153.633 154.781 5.35 1 840 5 35 105 215 380 480 598 701 Education < College 527 143.362 157.106 6.8436 1 1080 5 30 90 195 360 465 615 720 Education College Graduate 355 126.868 142.575 7.5671 1 750 5 30 80 170 300 415 615 690 Education Post Graduate 274 130.504 150.996 9.122 1 1065 5 30 75 180 325 465 570 660 Census Region Northeast 635 147.967 143.678 5.7017 1 750 5 35 105 215 345 450 575 610 Census Region Midwest 639 156.028 169.151 6.6915 1 1290 5 45 102 210 360 500 655 750 Census Region South 1120 158.577 165.201 4.9363 1 1080 5 40 110 210 390 495 640 745 Census Region West 730 150.579 149.63 5.5381 1 855 5 36 105 213 360 465 575 660 Day Of Week Weekday 1933 141.157 148.958 3.388 1 1250 5 31 90 190 345 452 598 698 Day Of Week Weekend 1191 174.924 170.399 4.9375 1 1290 10 50 120 260 400 500 660 745 Season Winter 548 113.96 138.121 5.9002 1 1080 5 25 60 150 280 380 540 690 Season Spring 1034 171.915 159.391 4.9568 1 990 10 60 120 240 390 495 645 730 Season Summer 1098 168.309 168.2 5.076 1 1290 5 50 120 235 400 510 630 715 Season Fall 444 126.525 140.747 6.6796 1 960 5 30 75 162.5 313 420 575 655 Asthma No 2869 154.516 159.172 2.9717 1 1290 5 40 105 210 365 480 615 720 Asthma Yes 236 145.835 145.523 9.4727 1 885 5 45 105 190 360 450 575 610 Asthma DK 19 182.421 181.024 41.5298 1 600 1 60 120 300 480 600 600 600 Angina No 3023 153.218 156.257 2.842 1 1290 5 40 105 210 360 479 610 707 Angina Yes 76 172.855 222.319 25.5017 2 1080 5 30 68.5 252.5 465 660 1065 1080 Angina DK 25 195 170.434 34.0869 5 600 5 60 150 300 465 480 600 600 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2968 154.884 158.787 2.9146 1 1290 5 40 105 210 367 480 615 715 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 139 129.353 142.494 12.0862 1 855 5 30 75 175 327 415 553 735 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 17 206.765 179.765 43.5994 5 600 5 60 170 300 480 600 600 600 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 149 Table 15 133. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling Inside a Vehicle Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 7743 97.278 104.938 1.1926 1 1440 12 40 70 120 190 270 425 570 Gender Male 3603 103.696 119.736 1.9948 1 1440 10 40 70 120 205 295 478 655 Gender Female 4138 91.721 89.756 1.3953 1 995 12 40 70 115 180 240 385 465 Gender Refused 2 30 14.142 10 20 40 20 20 30 40 40 40 40 40 Age ( years) * 144 117.035 129.103 10.7586 5 810 20 40 80 142.5 210 435 593 660 Age ( years) 1 4 335 68.116 75.531 4.1267 1 955 10 30 47 85 150 200 245 270 Age ( years) 5 11 571 71.033 77.62 3.2483 1 900 10 25 51 90 140 171 275 360 Age ( years) 12 17 500 81.53 79.8 3.5687 1 790 10 30 60 100 165.5 232.5 345 405 Age ( years) 18 64 5286 104.011 111.1 1.5281 1 1440 15 43 75 120 200 285 450 620 Age ( years) > 64 907 90.87 93.881 3.1173 4 900 10 35 60 120 190 258 400 460 Race White 6288 97.248 107.173 1.3515 1 1440 10 40 70 120 190 270 425 595 Race Black 766 98.723 91.337 3.3001 2 810 15 45 75 120 195 265 390 485 Race Asian 133 83.414 74.929 6.4972 5 540 20 35 70 105 150 210 330 360 Race Some Others 144 96.181 93.965 7.8304 3 690 10 40 69.5 127.5 180 250 345 540 Race Hispanic 319 101.734 110.376 6.1799 2 825 20 41 70 120 190 335 465 620 Race Refused 93 93.591 90.073 9.3401 10 480 15 30 65 120 205 255 420 480 Hispanic No 7050 97.149 104.847 1.2487 1 1440 10 40 70 120 190 270 420 566 Hispanic Yes 578 100.043 109.048 4.5358 2 825 15 40 70 120 190 285 480 630 Hispanic DK 34 73 68.279 11.7098 5 325 6 25 60 97 175 200 325 325 Hispanic Refused 81 98.914 95.273 10.5859 10 480 15 30 65 130 220 255 420 480 Employment * 1388 73.609 77.782 2.0878 1 955 10 30 55 90 150 195 275 382 Employment Full Time 3732 105.816 116.18 1.9018 4 1440 16 45 75 124 198 290 475 660 Employment Part Time 720 98.763 94.999 3.5404 2 960 10 45 75 120 195 260 380 470 Employment Not Employed 1849 96.561 99.534 2.3147 1 995 10 37 65 120 200 275 420 526 Employment Refused 54 120.296 108.615 14.7807 10 480 20 35 88 190 290 330 390 480 Education * 1550 76.39 78.923 2.0047 1 955 10 30 60 95 155 201 302.5 385 Education < High School 561 100.822 120.246 5.0768 5 1440 15 40 70 120 180 265 460 620 Education High School Graduate 2166 101.605 107.594 2.3118 1 1210 12 40 70 120 210 286 445 570 Education < College 1556 103.215 110.128 2.7919 2 1280 15 40 75 120 195 285 460 630 Education College Graduate 1108 104.532 109.485 3.2891 4 1215 15 45 75 125 200 280 450 675 Education Post Graduate 802 101.938 108.688 3.8379 4 1357 20 45 75.5 120 195 270 365 480 Census Region Northeast 1662 98.585 106.64 2.6158 1 1215 15 40 70 120 190 275 425 570 Census Region Midwest 1759 101.229 114.641 2.7334 1 1440 10 40 70 120 205 290 435 595 Census Region South 2704 96.051 97.72 1.8792 1 955 13 40 70 120 190 250 420 558 Census Region West 1618 93.689 103.717 2.5785 2 1280 10 35 65 115 180 260 420 540 Day Of Week Weekday 5289 94.437 101.435 1.3948 1 1215 10 40 66 115 180 260 435 575 Day Of Week Weekend 2454 103.399 111.892 2.2587 1 1440 13 40 75 125 205 280 420 540 Season Winter 2037 94.31 101.375 2.2461 1 1080 10 35 65 116 190 270 425 544 Season Spring 2032 99.612 110.464 2.4505 1 1440 12 40 70 120 200 275 440 546 Season Summer 2090 97.792 103.76 2.2696 1 1357 10 40 70 120 190 260 415 558 Season Fall 1584 97.419 103.714 2.6059 1 1280 14 40 70 120 180 265 420 620 Asthma No 7152 97.262 104.554 1.2363 1 1440 10 40 70 120 190 270 425 570 Asthma Yes 544 97.241 110.792 4.7502 4 955 17 40 65 116.5 180 255 460 705 Asthma DK 47 100 95.192 13.8852 10 480 10 30 75 120 220 239 480 480 Angina No 7516 97.288 105.235 1.2139 1 1440 11 40 70 120 190 270 425 570 Angina Yes 172 93.07 93.142 7.102 8 615 15 30 65 120 185 280 420 540 Angina DK 55 108.945 99.695 13.4429 10 480 20 35 75 150 235 360 390 480 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 7349 97.559 106.055 1.2371 1 1440 10 40 70 120 190 270 425 580 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 342 90.971 79.287 4.2873 2 505 15 40 70 115 195 240 325 460 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 52 98.942 93.767 13.0031 5 480 10 30 73.5 145 195 239 390 480 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 150 August 1997 Table 15 134. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors Near a Vehicle Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 2825 79.828 143.82 2.7059 1 1440 2 10 30 65 200 465 600 675 Gender Male 1388 111.21 184.96 4.9645 1 1440 3 11 30.5 90 430 570 675 735 Gender Female 1436 49.541 75.947 2.0042 1 790 2 10 25 60 120 180 290 420 Gender Refused 1 20 * * 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Age ( years) * 51 64.373 90.949 12.7354 1 510 4 20 40 65 125 290 360 510 Age ( years) 1 4 102 45.99 59.489 5.8903 1 420 2 10 30 60 105 160 192 245 Age ( years) 5 11 230 55.909 86.475 5.702 1 540 2 10 20 60 170 215 360 465 Age ( years) 12 17 313 40.879 55.718 3.1494 1 435 3 10 21 45 100 160 220 260 Age ( years) 18 64 1787 96.365 169.13 4.0009 1 1440 2 10 30 75 325 539 645 720 Age ( years) > 64 342 57.55 85.255 4.61 1 560 4 10 30 60 120 205 450 510 Race White 2275 81.787 148.41 3.1116 1 1440 2 10 30 68 210 480 600 695 Race Black 278 78.374 130.69 7.838 1 645 2 10 30 70 190 435 580 600 Race Asian 51 42.431 61.693 8.6387 1 405 2 10 28 60 85 120 150 405 Race Some Others 50 73.06 113.02 15.9836 1 535 2 15 40 60 167.5 420 492.5 535 Race Hispanic 136 55.066 100.19 8.591 1 600 2 10 25 54.5 110 170 525 600 Race Refused 35 124.4 186.88 31.5887 4 810 10 20 40 120 360 565 810 810 Hispanic No 2552 79.761 142.98 2.8303 1 1440 2 10 30 65 200 457 600 665 Hispanic Yes 230 68.091 125.96 8.3058 1 765 2 10 30 60 147.5 410 565 615 Hispanic DK 13 185.31 321.29 89.1098 2 985 2 10 25 100 705 985 985 985 Hispanic Refused 30 129.83 198.28 36.2 10 810 10 20 40 98 435 585 810 810 Employment * 632 46.989 68.827 2.7378 1 540 2 10 23 55 120 180 265 360 Employment Full Time 1169 114.86 193.04 5.646 1 1440 2 10 30 90 485 570 690 740 Employment Part Time 254 67.118 114.34 7.174 1 795 2 10 30 63 165 280 510 600 Employment Not Employed 751 56.792 84.927 3.099 1 690 2 10 30 60 130 210 360 465 Employment Refused 19 96.947 185.76 42.616 5 790 5 20 30 90 360 790 790 790 Education * 702 47.098 70.151 2.6477 1 540 2 10 24 55 120 180 265 360 Education < High School 222 105.76 193.65 12.9967 1 1440 4 10 30 90 365 540 720 735 Education High School Graduate 702 113.18 185.75 7.0107 1 1410 2 10 35 90 455 555 665 740 Education < College 537 87.927 157.3 6.7878 1 985 2 10 30 70 240 540 635 705 Education College Graduate 367 70.905 117.85 6.1515 1 660 2 10 30 68 170 325 565 600 Education Post Graduate 295 55.186 86.872 5.0579 1 710 3 10 30 60 120 200 362 560 Census Region Northeast 749 75.734 130.56 4.7705 1 985 3 10 30 70 179 375 570 665 Census Region Midwest 586 77.445 141.21 5.8332 1 1440 2 10 30 60 210 390 560 645 Census Region South 836 86.447 160.31 5.5443 1 1410 2 10 30 61.5 240 525 643 710 Census Region West 654 78.19 138.28 5.4072 1 985 2 10 30 65 180 435 570 615 Day Of Week Weekday 2018 84.241 155.61 3.4639 1 1440 2 10 30 65 215 515 625 705 Day Of Week Weekend 807 68.793 108.2 3.8088 1 705 2 10 30 65 180 310 465 540 Season Winter 703 70.91 141.83 5.3492 1 1440 2 10 26 60 160 365 570 643 Season Spring 791 80.542 135.48 4.817 1 810 2 10 30 74 215 435 570 645 Season Summer 819 84.178 150.3 5.2519 1 985 2 10 30 70 210 510 615 705 Season Fall 512 84.01 148.27 6.5525 1 930 2 10 30 70 225 510 600 690 Asthma No 2596 80.366 143.21 2.8107 1 1410 2 10 30 65 205 475 600 675 Asthma Yes 205 75.088 157.15 10.9756 1 1440 2 10 30 65 160 309 580 690 Asthma DK 24 62.083 78.548 16.0335 5 360 5 17.5 35 67.5 98 225 360 360 Angina No 2726 79.57 144.32 2.7642 1 1440 2 10 30 65 196 465 600 687 Angina Yes 76 92.434 139.38 15.9879 1 570 3 10 35 91 354 465 535 570 Angina DK 23 68.696 91.209 19.0183 5 360 10 20 40 75 98 330 360 360 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2684 79.404 142.84 2.7572 1 1440 2 10 30 65 197 465 600 665 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 115 93.843 175.36 16.3523 1 985 2 10 30 90 225 465 735 985 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 26 61.615 72.201 14.1598 5 360 7 27 40 75 110 180 360 360 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 151 Table 15 135. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors Other Than Near a Residence or Vehicle Such as Parks, Golf Courses, or Farms Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 1383 200.153 202.665 5.45 1 1440 10 60 130 276 510 600 748 915 Gender Male 789 223.482 208.727 7.431 1 1440 20 60 150 315 540 635 765 900 Gender Female 593 168.742 189.993 7.802 1 1440 10 40 105 238 420 540 700 930 Gender Refused 1 420 * * 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 420 Age ( years) * 19 183.368 160.349 36.787 10 540 10 60 140 220 510 540 540 540 Age ( years) 1 4 54 164.648 177.34 24.133 1 980 10 60 120 175 370 560 630 980 Age ( years) 5 11 159 171.34 177.947 14.112 5 1210 15 55 115 221 405 574 660 725 Age ( years) 12 17 175 156.903 174.411 13.184 5 1065 10 45 100 210 385 570 735 915 Age ( years) 18 64 858 219.425 215.094 7.343 1 1440 10 60 150 310 540 635 780 933 Age ( years) > 64 118 181.932 180.158 16.585 5 900 20 55 112.5 280 480 570 600 735 Race White 1186 202.615 203.396 5.906 1 1440 14 60 134.5 280 510 615 750 930 Race Black 81 185.84 195.119 21.68 1 765 5 40 108 240 540 585 690 765 Race Asian 20 169.45 189.122 42.289 10 665 10 32.5 95 230 477.5 585 665 665 Race Some Others 30 187.5 161.849 29.549 10 560 10 60 120 270 437.5 535 560 560 Race Hispanic 57 158.298 203.27 26.924 1 1305 5 30 110 228 370 435 555 1305 Race Refused 9 380 250.637 83.546 30 810 30 195 435 540 810 810 810 810 Hispanic No 1267 202.593 203.353 5.713 1 1440 10 60 130 280 510 615 748 915 Hispanic Yes 103 163.942 185.155 18.244 1 1305 10 30 115 228 400 511 555 555 Hispanic DK 4 67.5 59.231 29.616 10 145 10 22.5 57.5 112.5 145 145 145 145 Hispanic Refused 9 330 259.459 86.486 30 810 30 140 210 510 810 810 810 810 Employment * 383 163.846 176.805 9.034 1 1210 10 51 110 215 385 560 665 915 Employment Full Time 555 228.526 219.372 9.312 1 1305 14 60 150 335 545 645 825 955 Employment Part Time 126 202.556 211.673 18.857 3 1440 10 60 125 280 510 580 690 700 Employment Not Employed 309 191.469 189.268 10.767 1 1440 10 50 125 275 480 565 690 735 Employment Refused 10 254 240.899 76.179 30 810 30 105 167.5 280 675 810 810 810 Education * 429 163.949 175.476 8.472 1 1210 10 55 115 210 385 560 665 840 Education < High School 83 264.482 255.463 28.041 1 1305 30 60 180 480 555 600 1100 1305 Education High School Graduate 313 228.613 228.235 12.901 3 1440 10 60 160 310 570 690 855 990 Education < College 250 217.984 202.991 12.838 1 1440 10 60 152.5 330 510 555 715 765 Education College Graduate 185 207.27 190.178 13.982 1 930 20 60 128 285 505 600 690 795 Education Post Graduate 123 163.642 173.04 15.603 1 900 10 45 90 240 385 480 735 780 Census Region Northeast 279 196.824 208.372 12.475 1 1305 10 60 130 265 480 590 900 1130 Census Region Midwest 309 196.702 211.59 12.037 1 1440 10 50 120 270 510 635 740 900 Census Region South 468 198.432 195.071 9.017 1 933 15 60 120 285 510 600 748 825 Census Region West 327 208.716 200.465 11.086 1 1440 15 60 150 285 525 580 725 855 Day Of Week Weekday 851 183.982 197.931 6.785 1 1440 10 45 119 240 490 585 735 900 Day Of Week Weekend 532 226.019 207.598 9 1 1440 20 68.5 155 320 525 630 810 915 Season Winter 241 175.676 192.682 12.412 1 1065 10 35 93 253 450 585 750 810 Season Spring 412 185.806 174.522 8.598 5 980 15 60 130 240 473 555 665 740 Season Summer 508 224.996 220.748 9.794 1 1440 15 60 150 305 540 630 840 990 Season Fall 222 196.5 213.598 14.336 1 1130 10 35 120 280 540 600 780 900 Asthma No 1283 196.564 196.894 5.497 1 1440 10 60 125 270 495 600 730 855 Asthma Yes 93 244.344 263.314 27.304 5 1440 15 60 150 350 530 810 1100 1440 Asthma DK 7 270.714 274.415 103.719 30 810 30 60 195 450 810 810 810 810 Angina No 1352 199.038 202.274 5.501 1 1440 10 60 130 270 510 600 740 915 Angina Yes 25 238.64 205.994 41.199 1 730 5 60 210 340 465 690 730 730 Angina DK 6 290.833 275.979 112.668 30 810 30 140 202.5 360 810 810 810 810 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1326 199.761 200.843 5.516 1 1440 10 60 130 275 500 600 735 900 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 51 206.431 239.756 33.573 5 1100 10 50 110 305 540 700 930 1100 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 6 233.333 294.035 120.039 15 810 15 30 167.5 210 810 810 810 810 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 152 August 1997 Table 15 136. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in an Office or Factory Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 1975 393.972 230.763 5.1926 1 1440 9 180 485 550 630 675 765 818 Gender Male 1012 410.816 233.454 7.3386 1 1440 10 225 495 565 645 710 780 855 Gender Female 963 376.271 226.676 7.3045 1 855 5 120 480 540 600 645 710 750 Age ( years) * 49 438.918 232.58 33.2257 10 900 20 299 500 555 675 780 900 900 Age ( years) 1 4 12 31.583 25.639 7.4013 5 90 5 12.5 25 44.5 60 90 90 90 Age ( years) 5 11 14 100.929 155.126 41.4593 2 580 2 10 32.5 178 195 580 580 580 Age ( years) 12 17 19 145.421 181.118 41.5512 1 625 1 10 50 240 510 625 625 625 Age ( years) 18 64 1749 418.971 218.445 5.2233 1 1440 10 273 500 555 630 680 765 818 Age ( years) > 64 132 145.848 193.973 16.8832 1 705 3 10 40 205 495 540 640 675 Race White 1612 387.646 231.968 5.7776 1 1440 6 150 480 550 628 675 750 800 Race Black 191 413.911 218 15.7739 1 1037 10 268 485 540 635 720 803 900 Race Asian 42 428.024 216.759 33.4466 10 780 30 285 491.5 553 660 745 780 780 Race Some Others 28 480.893 200.859 37.9588 40 795 75 347.5 540 582.5 715 780 795 795 Race Hispanic 74 394.459 237.847 27.6492 1 840 5 230 492.5 560 645 720 765 840 Race Refused 28 482.893 246.079 46.5046 30 997 30 373 532.5 607.5 818 860 997 997 Hispanic No 1805 393.453 229.593 5.404 1 1440 10 180 483 550 630 675 755 810 Hispanic Yes 138 393.645 238.608 20.3116 1 840 5 180 497.5 560 644 675 765 795 Hispanic DK 7 262.571 242.131 91.5168 1 610 1 12 245 540 610 610 610 610 Hispanic Refused 25 470.04 258.753 51.7505 17 860 30 311 525 615 810 818 860 860 Employment * 43 121.279 177.984 27.1423 1 685 2 10 40 178 307 580 685 685 Employment Full Time 1535 455.571 200.299 5.1124 1 1440 15 400 510 570 644 700 775 837 Employment Part Time 164 293.03 196.95 15.3792 1 750 10 95 342.5 480 525 555 585 615 Employment Not Employed 213 77.643 122.957 8.4249 1 705 3 10 30 90 215 305 570 640 Employment Refused 20 449.15 184.813 41.3256 30 675 60 334 522.5 550 645 675 675 675 Education * 80 225.1 248.547 27.7884 1 860 3 15 105 470 607.5 675 780 860 Education < High School 104 329.548 264.402 25.9267 2 930 5 50.5 388.5 552.5 640 705 765 855 Education High School Graduate 631 396.876 228.074 9.0795 1 997 10 210 492 550 615 675 760 800 Education < College 462 393.108 228.826 10.6459 1 1440 5 210 480 540 615 660 770 820 Education College Graduate 415 437.231 205.198 10.0728 1 900 10 325 510 570 640 690 750 800 Education Post Graduate 283 396.883 232.151 13.7999 2 860 5 175 480 565 640 675 780 818 Census Region Northeast 465 399.075 226.243 10.4918 1 930 10 215 485 550 625 675 765 840 Census Region Midwest 439 389.31 229.075 10.9331 1 997 8 180 480 550 630 670 750 800 Census Region South 666 408.637 228.181 8.8418 1 1440 10 225 497.5 555 630 675 760 840 Census Region West 405 369.052 240.375 11.9443 1 900 5 95 470 550 630 675 760 800 Day Of Week Weekday 1759 406.795 225.173 5.3689 1 997 10 237 495 555 630 675 755 810 Day Of Week Weekend 216 289.551 249.076 16.9475 1 1440 3 30 282.5 495 600 670 800 900 Season Winter 531 390.716 231.677 10.0539 1 997 10 180 480 550 625 675 755 835 Season Spring 470 385.198 240.678 11.1016 1 1440 5 120 480 553 630 695 775 837 Season Summer 550 393.524 224.454 9.5708 1 1037 9 200 482.5 540 613.5 675 753 810 Season Fall 424 408.358 226.578 11.0036 1 840 10 238.5 500 566.5 640 675 750 770 Asthma No 1845 394.976 230.383 5.3635 1 1440 8 185 490 550 630 675 760 810 Asthma Yes 114 371.693 231.336 21.6666 3 840 10 120 462.5 540 630 675 800 837 Asthma DK 16 437 272.067 68.0168 5 860 5 232.5 520 587.5 780 860 860 860 Angina No 1931 395.718 229.668 5.2265 1 1440 10 195 490 550 630 675 760 811 Angina Yes 26 265.462 246.766 48.3947 5 650 9 15 175 490 630 645 650 650 Angina DK 18 392.333 282.64 66.619 5 860 5 30 490 550 780 860 860 860 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1873 395.611 229.961 5.3135 1 1440 8 195 490 550 630 675 760 818 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 86 356.43 236.119 25.4614 5 800 10 75 427.5 540 620 660 720 800 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 16 403.875 289.456 72.3641 5 860 5 30 490 582.5 780 860 860 860 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 153 Table 15 137. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Malls, Grocery Stores, or Other Stores Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 2697 114.975 140.961 2.7143 1 1080 10 30 60 135 285 482 570 640 Gender Male 1020 120.159 157.143 4.9203 1 840 5 30 60 130 375 530 609 658 Gender Female 1677 111.822 130.088 3.1766 1 1080 10 30 60 135 255 400 550 600 Age ( years) * 50 139.44 137.586 19.4576 15 660 20 45 92.5 180 338.5 420 565 660 Age ( years) 1 4 110 90.036 77.887 7.4263 5 420 10 40 65 105 210 250 359 360 Age ( years) 5 11 129 77.674 68.035 5.9901 3 320 5 30 60 110 180 225 255 280 Age ( years) 12 17 140 88.714 101.361 8.5666 1 530 5 20 45 123.5 222.5 317.5 384 413 Age ( years) 18 64 1871 125.927 156.815 3.6253 1 1080 10 30 60 150 360 525 600 658 Age ( years) > 64 397 88.572 88.477 4.4405 1 655 10 30 60 120 180 255 400 470 Race White 2234 111.563 139.443 2.9502 1 1080 10 30 60 130 265 495 570 640 Race Black 237 123 152.318 9.8941 2 800 10 25 60 135 370 480 600 613 Race Asian 37 158.892 151.725 24.9434 2 600 14 50 105 220 410 480 600 600 Race Some Others 52 150.231 146.737 20.3488 5 660 14 65 102.5 180 280 588 600 660 Race Hispanic 110 133.145 138.309 13.1872 1 720 10 35 90 195 310 450 535 540 Race Refused 27 124.741 131.136 25.2372 10 515 10 30 60 207 300 380 515 515 Hispanic No 2476 114.387 141.819 2.8501 1 1080 10 30 60 131.5 285 495 570 640 Hispanic Yes 188 126.074 133.15 9.711 1 720 10 30 90 172.5 270 450 540 610 Hispanic DK 12 49.417 37.689 10.8798 2 122 2 17.5 47.5 69.5 105 122 122 122 Hispanic Refused 21 122.429 138.488 30.2206 10 515 20 33 60 180 290 380 515 515 Employment * 372 86.946 86.322 4.4756 1 660 5 30 60 120 206 255 360 384 Employment Full Time 1170 136.797 176.691 5.1656 1 1080 10 30 60 150 480 562 640 690 Employment Part Time 285 134.123 147.732 8.7509 2 540 6 30 65 186 400 480 520 540 Employment Not Employed 854 91.198 87.218 2.9846 1 585 10 30 60 120 195 255 360 420 Employment Refused 16 98.938 110.033 27.5083 10 357 10 31.5 52.5 115 290 357 357 357 Education * 420 88.262 91.922 4.4853 1 660 5 29 60 120 210 262.5 384 420 Education < High School 206 128.937 155.722 10.8497 2 1080 10 30 75 150 330 500 570 605 Education High School Graduate 792 126.295 158.884 5.6457 1 960 5 30 60 150 365 524 600 660 Education < College 583 129.849 149.53 6.1929 1 800 10 30 70 165 345 510 563 651 Education College Graduate 411 117.876 144.142 7.11 1 720 10 30 60 135 290 515 600 640 Education Post Graduate 285 78.182 95.665 5.6667 1 630 10 25 50 90 160 250 450 555 Census Region Northeast 622 110.201 134.942 5.4107 1 755 5 30 60 130 280 465 563 600 Census Region Midwest 601 108.243 133.098 5.4292 2 840 10 30 60 130 250 440 560 645 Census Region South 871 127.922 155.825 5.2799 1 1080 10 30 60 155 320 520 600 660 Census Region West 603 107.909 130.742 5.3242 1 840 10 30 60 120 255 430 550 600 Day Of Week Weekday 1721 117.451 148.879 3.5887 1 1080 10 30 60 135 320 510 586 650 Day Of Week Weekend 976 110.61 125.747 4.0251 1 840 5 30 65 135 255 380 560 608 Season Winter 683 111.71 134 5.1274 2 840 10 30 60 135 255 420 568 660 Season Spring 679 115.844 142.21 5.4575 1 720 10 30 60 130 300 500 588 645 Season Summer 759 113.138 147.47 5.3528 1 1080 5 30 60 125 300 510 570 610 Season Fall 576 120.243 138.948 5.7895 1 840 10 30 60 160 295 480 550 640 Asthma No 2480 116.246 142.351 2.8585 1 1080 10 30 60 135 287.5 495 575 640 Asthma Yes 208 101.111 124.977 8.6656 1 600 5 30 60 120 245 420 545 550 Asthma DK 9 85.111 79.634 26.5447 33 290 33 55 58 60 290 290 290 290 Angina No 2607 115.981 142.101 2.7831 1 1080 10 30 60 135 290 495 570 640 Angina Yes 74 90.838 103.912 12.0795 2 630 15 37 64 105 150 190 510 630 Angina DK 16 62.688 68.084 17.021 2 290 2 30 55 60 110 290 290 290 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2553 115.736 141.704 2.8045 1 1080 10 30 60 135 285 481 570 640 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 130 104.754 131.336 11.5189 5 613 10 25 60 135 192.5 505 575 609 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 14 71.143 66.864 17.8701 20 290 20 35 56.5 70 110 290 290 290 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 154 August 1997 Table 15 138. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Schools, Churches, Hospitals, and Public Buildings Percentile Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 2932 274.332 205.942 3.8033 1 1440 20 95 221 430 540 615 725 805 Gender Male 1234 285.147 206.713 5.8845 1 1440 30 110 255 425 540 620 745 840 Gender Female 1698 266.472 205.082 4.9769 1 1440 20 90 200 430 540 610 713 800 Age ( years) * 50 268.96 221.042 31.2601 5 1030 30 100 192.5 400 590 625 871.5 1030 Age ( years) 1 4 98 233 235.787 23.8181 1 1440 5 60 150 390 545 595 900 1440 Age ( years) 5 11 391 351.202 149.578 7.5645 5 665 70 245 389 440 535 562 625 645 Age ( years) 12 17 355 366.338 161.247 8.5581 1 935 60 260 415 446 502 605 710 805 Age ( years) 18 64 1653 267.707 221.203 5.4407 1 1440 15 87 190 450 570 655 760 855 Age ( years) > 64 385 151.091 128.639 6.556 5 710 21 60 115 195 340 435 525 615 Race White 2310 268.239 204.323 4.2512 1 1440 20 90 210 429 540 612 705 765 Race Black 332 303.473 207.071 11.3645 1 1440 35 135 285 440 540 630 775 1000 Race Asian 61 295 199.398 25.5302 5 900 30 135 240 425 535 565 840 900 Race Some Others 57 314.684 203.549 26.9607 10 967 30 135 360 455 525 598 820 967 Race Hispanic 141 283.936 229.828 19.355 2 1440 11 100 237 430 525 630 840 940 Race Refused 31 257.774 192.517 34.5771 5 681 5 120 240 430 495 625 681 681 Hispanic No 2654 271.293 203.551 3.9511 1 1440 20 94 215 425 540 612 712 800 Hispanic Yes 240 306.388 230.835 14.9003 1 1440 20 110 287.5 444.5 567.5 695 840 940 Hispanic DK 13 279.385 230.736 63.9946 35 760 35 65 235 420 562 760 760 760 Hispanic Refused 25 286.6 175.367 35.0734 5 625 55 145 255 440 495 565 625 625 Employment * 821 343.484 171.113 5.9719 1 1440 55 190 393 441 520 570 645 713 Employment Full Time 1029 300.3 239.785 7.4751 1 1440 15 90 215 510 610 685 775 900 Employment Part Time 293 251.324 199.326 11.6447 1 1030 20 85 200 387 525 610 800 880 Employment Not Employed 775 176.406 148.414 5.3312 1 855 15 60 121 250 400 475 570 641 Employment Refused 14 212.857 147.736 39.484 5 440 5 120 190 305 430 440 440 440 Education * 917 340.328 172.613 5.7002 1 1440 45 190 390 440 525 580 645 713 Education < High School 166 172.602 138.026 10.7129 1 735 27 70 123.5 235 375 465 525 640 Education High School Graduate 617 207.29 199.027 8.0125 1 1440 15 60 135 295 510 585 690 785 Education < College 520 247.492 213.609 9.3674 1 1000 15 85 165 420 552.5 640 760 855 Education College Graduate 351 261.581 214.287 11.4378 1 1005 15 85 180 450 560 625 750 800 Education Post Graduate 361 319.114 236.166 12.4298 1 1440 30 110 290 510 615 683 765 900 Census Region Northeast 645 272.747 211.594 8.3315 1 1440 25 90 215 420 545 630 735 855 Census Region Midwest 686 275.394 207.157 7.9093 1 1440 30 88 239 425 540 615 745 850 Census Region South 1036 278.387 201.004 6.2449 1 1440 20 110 230 440 535 600 690 778 Census Region West 565 267.418 207.214 8.7176 1 1440 15 100 200 420 555 620 712 820 Day Of Week Weekday 2091 309.844 212.577 4.6488 1 1440 15 115 340 460 565 632 750 855 Day Of Week Weekend 841 186.039 156.873 5.4094 1 1440 40 85 140 230 385 525 640 735 Season Winter 847 296.587 201.244 6.9148 1 1440 30 120 285 444 545 615 710 770 Season Spring 805 276.761 204.618 7.2118 1 1440 30 110 220 420 535 600 725 840 Season Summer 667 254.115 209.724 8.1205 1 1015 20 80 180 420 550 630 738 890 Season Fall 613 262.39 207.33 8.374 1 1005 14 75 210 425 540 615 712 778 Asthma No 2689 273.193 207.301 3.9977 1 1440 20 94 217 430 540 615 725 820 Asthma Yes 229 287.974 191.578 12.6598 1 855 25 120 275 435 533 605 645 800 Asthma DK 14 270 171.24 45.7658 5 565 5 145 280 430 445 565 565 565 Angina No 2836 277.127 206.396 3.8757 1 1440 20 100 230 430 540 615 725 805 Angina Yes 78 176.423 172.803 19.5661 5 890 28 60 120 195 480 575 625 890 Angina DK 18 258.278 165.599 39.0321 3 565 3 145 270 378 480 565 565 565 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2794 276.999 207.348 3.9227 1 1440 20 95 228 430 540 615 726 840 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 121 212.562 166.349 15.1226 10 662 30 90 145 375 445 490 605 630 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 17 275.765 163.401 39.6306 5 565 5 145 305 415 440 565 565 565 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 155 Table 15 139. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Bars/ Nightclubs, Bowling Alleys, and Restaurants Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 2296 111.735 131.368 2.7416 1 925 10 40 60 120 255 405 568 660 Gender Male 1127 109.497 129.654 3.8621 1 900 10 35 60 120 240 377 560 660 Gender Female 1169 113.892 133.019 3.8905 2 925 10 45 60 120 270 424 570 645 Age ( years) * 32 138.094 151.816 26.8376 15 610 30 47.5 65 150 315 495 610 610 Age ( years) 1 4 61 62.705 47.701 6.1075 4 330 10 35 55 85 115 120 130 330 Age ( years) 5 11 88 58.602 39.746 4.2369 5 180 10 30 45 85 120 137 170 180 Age ( years) 12 17 127 76.614 82.038 7.2797 2 455 10 30 50 90 220 270 325 360 Age ( years) 18 64 1718 121.371 142.223 3.4313 1 925 10 40 65 135 285 462 600 680 Age ( years) > 64 270 92.207 90.483 5.5066 3 750 20 45 62.5 100 177.5 255 358 520 Race White 1945 108.84 127.174 2.8836 1 925 10 40 60 120 240 388 560 645 Race Black 167 121.88 147.847 11.4408 5 805 10 30 60 153 300 490 555 735 Race Asian 42 103.976 104.151 16.0709 5 497 30 40 62.5 120 200 240 497 497 Race Some Others 36 159.333 196.721 32.7868 5 765 10 52.5 90 137.5 495 750 765 765 Race Hispanic 83 130.205 161.594 17.7373 5 813 15 40 65 143 360 485 700 813 Race Refused 23 155.913 135.696 28.2945 20 480 30 60 88 270 330 410 480 480 Hispanic No 2131 110.53 129.679 2.8092 1 925 10 40 60 120 245 395 560 650 Hispanic Yes 141 127.319 153.659 12.9404 1 813 15 40 70 120 360 440 700 765 Hispanic DK 7 95 115.109 43.507 5 315 5 10 40 165 315 315 315 315 Hispanic Refused 17 140.353 147.503 35.7748 30 480 30 40 70 210 410 480 480 480 Employment * 273 65.85 61.078 3.6966 2 455 10 30 50 85 120 182 273 330 Employment Full Time 1215 125.765 151.364 4.3424 1 925 10 40 63 135 300 500 640 735 Employment Part Time 236 144.729 157.886 10.2775 1 813 10 47.5 80 180 385 520 615 745 Employment Not Employed 559 88.642 77.231 3.2665 3 610 15 45 60 115 180 240 315 388 Employment Refused 13 158.077 127.157 35.267 30 425 30 70 105 240 330 425 425 425 Education * 309 76.006 81.68 4.6466 1 548 10 30 55 90 165 255 330 455 Education < High School 155 154.155 175.537 14.0995 5 925 15 40 90 209 388 545 700 870 Education High School Graduate 665 119.502 145.414 5.6389 3 910 10 45 60 120 290 485 630 680 Education < College 498 121.321 137.839 6.1767 2 775 10 40 75 135 270 440 610 675 Education College Graduate 395 101.096 109.709 5.5201 1 765 15 40 60 120 225 330 507 570 Education Post Graduate 274 107.091 117.52 7.0997 3 765 15 40 65 120 220 330 560 675 Census Region Northeast 462 115.771 127.168 5.9164 2 765 15 45 70 120 270 380 560 650 Census Region Midwest 561 113.688 132.476 5.5932 1 813 10 40 65 120 250 410 570 675 Census Region South 748 105.619 133.036 4.8643 2 910 13 35 60 110 240 390 555 650 Census Region West 525 114.81 131.486 5.7385 1 925 10 37 70 130 245 417 590 640 Day Of Week Weekday 1407 112.164 138.508 3.6926 1 925 10 35 60 120 270 430 595 675 Day Of Week Weekend 889 111.055 119.269 4.0001 2 870 10 45 70 120 235 351 535 630 Season Winter 584 116.783 135.982 5.627 3 875 15 40 68.5 120 265 440 595 735 Season Spring 615 108.416 124.727 5.0295 2 925 15 41 65 120 240 395 542 585 Season Summer 622 110.543 132.965 5.3314 1 910 10 35 60 120 260 390 605 660 Season Fall 475 111.385 132.104 6.0614 1 900 10 35 60 125 265 355 550 770 Asthma No 2124 111.768 129.918 2.819 1 910 10 40 60 120 255 390 568 660 Asthma Yes 163 107.301 145.813 11.4209 4 925 10 30 57 118 265 485 560 670 Asthma DK 9 184.222 186.348 62.1159 30 480 30 60 88 300 480 480 480 480 Angina No 2229 112.481 132.361 2.8035 1 925 10 40 60 120 260 410 570 660 Angina Yes 54 71.463 52.513 7.1461 3 340 15 45 60 90 120 120 232 340 Angina DK 13 151 162.726 45.132 30 480 30 35 88 120 480 480 480 480 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2171 111.178 129.886 2.7876 1 910 10 40 60 120 255 400 560 660 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 114 109.807 134.998 12.6437 5 925 15 43 65 120 235 375 530 620 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 11 241.636 274.085 82.6397 10 875 10 30 88 480 480 875 875 875 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 156 August 1997 Table 15 140. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Other Outdoors Such as Auto Repair Shops, Laundromats, Gyms, and at Work ( non specific)

Percentiles Group Name Group Code N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 1214 225.747 231.111 6.633 1 1440 10 56 120 370 568 670 800 910 Gender Male 612 260.322 239.586 9.685 1 1040 10 60 160 460 605 695 815 930 Gender Female 602 190.598 216.774 8.835 1 1440 10 45 105 260 535 600 720 855 Age ( years) * 21 264.524 273.733 59.733 15 940 30 75 100 420 560 840 940 940 Age ( years) 1 4 27 92.296 74.852 14.405 10 270 15 25 65 160 180 250 270 270 Age ( years) 5 11 59 134.678 186.691 24.305 5 910 5 30 80 145 325 720 855 910 Age ( years) 12 17 76 164.368 159.542 18.301 1 660 5 45 130 208 450 550 600 660 Age ( years) 18 64 903 250.29 243.45 8.101 1 1440 10 60 135 450 600 690 815 945 Age ( years) > 64 128 152.813 159.777 14.122 2 770 12 45 95 202.5 420 510 600 610 Race White 996 226.348 228.881 7.252 1 1440 10 58.5 120 370 580 665 780 910 Race Black 118 228.102 256.391 23.603 2 1430 5 45 120 358 525 720 990 1150 Race Asian 25 194.68 196.484 39.297 5 600 25 58 90 300 525 530 600 600 Race Some Others 23 211.217 236.332 49.279 5 800 10 25 115 405 515 680 800 800 Race Hispanic 42 250.19 229.16 35.36 5 793 15 60 165 420 600 675 793 793 Race Refused 10 146.5 246.555 77.967 15 840 15 55 67.5 105 495 840 840 840 Hispanic No 1133 224.325 231.063 6.865 1 1440 10 55 120 360 565 670 810 930 Hispanic Yes 68 230.088 215.421 26.124 5 793 15 61.5 127.5 398 545 660 790 793 Hispanic DK 5 483.2 240.867 107.719 55 623 55 560 568 610 623 623 623 623 Hispanic Refused 8 229.375 310.592 109.811 30 840 30 42.5 67.5 372.5 840 840 840 840 Employment * 162 140.031 158.915 12.486 1 910 10 30 103.5 170 325 505 660 855 Employment Full Time 652 276.345 250.945 9.828 2 1430 10 60 162.5 508 619 700 815 945 Employment Part Time 132 240.909 227.902 19.836 5 1440 15 67.5 170 360 510 620 815 1005 Employment Not Employed 259 145.347 173.086 10.755 1 1150 5 40 90 160 432 540 704 770 Employment Refused 9 194.444 278.752 92.917 15 840 15 40 75 150 840 840 840 840 Education * 186 148.097 168.067 12.323 1 910 5 30 109.5 177 330 520 720 855 Education < High School 88 301.966 251.244 26.783 5 930 15 60 265 487.5 670 780 815 930 Education High School Graduate 324 249.086 243.136 13.508 2 1150 10 53.5 126 435 595 690 815 979 Education < College 251 266.996 256.435 16.186 2 1440 10 60 155 480 600 710 800 990 Education College Graduate 217 202.014 217.284 14.75 1 1005 5 55 110 295 570 645 760 855 Education Post Graduate 148 191.764 198.819 16.343 2 870 10 60 105 262.5 535 590 700 793 Census Region Northeast 275 218.171 216.166 13.035 2 990 10 60 120 360 544 660 765 855 Census Region Midwest 254 250.689 241.492 15.153 1 1005 10 55 150 460 600 695 815 940 Census Region South 401 223.691 239.929 11.981 1 1440 10 47 120 360 560 635 815 979 Census Region West 284 213.68 222.324 13.193 2 960 10 60 120 305 585 675 793 850 Day Of Week Weekday 900 224.954 232.145 7.738 1 1430 10 58.5 120 367.5 565 672.5 815 942.5 Day Of Week Weekend 314 228.019 228.476 12.894 2 1440 8 52 120 376 580 665 720 815 Season Winter 347 241.715 239.749 12.87 2 1440 10 60 155 390 585 660 897 960 Season Spring 321 220.343 220.658 12.316 1 1005 10 54 115 390 550 630 730 815 Season Summer 294 224.418 244.957 14.286 1 1040 5 45 115 360 595 760 855 979 Season Fall 252 212.194 214.928 13.539 1 990 15 55.5 120 327.5 540 660 710 793 Asthma No 1123 225.742 229.228 6.84 1 1440 10 55 125 370 565 660 780 897 Asthma Yes 84 228.5 259.329 28.295 1 979 10 59.5 100 351 660 793 910 979 Asthma DK 7 193.571 201.406 76.124 15 510 15 60 80 450 510 510 510 510 Angina No 1178 225.259 231.28 6.739 1 1440 10 55 120 360 570 670 810 930 Angina Yes 28 227.75 218.573 41.306 5 770 12 62.5 135 425 560 600 770 770 Angina DK 8 290.625 269.171 95.166 15 780 15 67.5 217.5 480 780 780 780 780 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1166 226.724 232.003 6.794 1 1440 10 58 120 370 570 670 810 930 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 41 198.829 213.198 33.296 5 780 10 45 95 330 550 565 780 780 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 7 220.714 197.261 74.558 15 510 15 60 155 450 510 510 510 510 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 157 Table 15 141. Statistics for 24 Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent with Smokers Present Percentiles Category Population Group N Mean Stdev Stderr Min Max 5 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 All 4005 381.494 300.479 4.748 1 1440 30 120 319 595 815 925 1060 1170 Gender Male 1967 411.359 313 7.057 1 1440 30 135 355 638 855 965 1105 1217 Gender Female 2035 352.771 285.139 6.321 1 1440 29 105 285 545 780 870 995 1110 Gender Refused 3 283.333 188.171 108.641 105 480 105 105 265 480 480 480 480 480 Age ( years) * 54 386.259 305.371 41.556 5 1440 25 105 370 555 780 995 995 1440 Age ( years) 1 4 155 366.561 324.464 26.062 5 1440 30 90 273 570 825 1010 1140 1305 Age ( years) 5 11 224 318.071 314.016 20.981 1 1440 25 105 190 475 775 1050 1210 1250 Age ( years) 12 17 256 245.77 243.61 15.226 1 1260 10 60 165 360 595 774 864 1020 Age ( years) 18 64 2976 403.067 299.434 5.489 2 1440 30 134.5 355 625 830 930 1047 1150 Age ( years) > 64 340 342.694 292.209 15.847 5 1440 30 100 240 540 797.5 880 1015 1205 Race White 3279 389.219 303.032 5.292 1 1440 30 120 330 610 825 930 1060 1190 Race Black 395 359.977 287.96 14.489 2 1440 22 118 300 538 775 905 1080 1160 Race Asian 48 262.063 209.928 30.3 5 800 10 64 212.5 412.5 560 630 800 800 Race Some Others 79 420.671 339.247 38.168 10 1328 30 135 310 655 885 1140 1305 1328 Race Hispanic 165 292.624 250.208 19.479 5 1095 15 75 220 475 660 800 845 945 Race Refused 39 393.538 325.254 52.082 25 1110 30 115 290 655 865 1040 1110 1110 Hispanic No 3666 384.913 301.22 4.975 1 1440 30 120 324 600 822 930 1060 1170 Hispanic Yes 288 336.191 280.874 16.551 1 1440 20 115 252 512 760 850 1010 1260 Hispanic DK 18 369.833 371.484 87.56 15 1440 15 90 220 600 760 1440 1440 1440 Hispanic Refused 33 403.364 322.819 56.195 25 1110 30 120 325 655 840 1040 1110 1110 Employment * 624 301.723 295.529 11.831 1 1440 15 75 190 450 735 900 1140 1230 Employment Full Time 2042 405.894 296.349 6.558 2 1440 30 135 364.5 625 835 925 1005 1110 Employment Part Time 381 378.013 291.098 14.913 5 1440 30 135 325 585 805 915 1080 1245 Employment Not Employed 935 383.833 308.691 10.095 3 1440 30 120 310 600 825 930 1110 1290 Employment Refused 23 341.957 254.245 53.014 25 925 30 120 325 450 715 885 925 925 Education * 704 308.635 292.801 11.035 1 1440 15 87.5 205 465 741 900 1095 1217 Education < High School 377 497.719 317.756 16.365 2 1440 40 225 465 775 905 990 1120 1369 Education High School Graduate 1315 425.682 301.711 8.32 3 1440 30 155 390 650 840 928 1060 1202 Education < College 829 388.807 295.753 10.272 5 1435 30 135 330 600 810 930 1050 1155 Education College Graduate 473 325.871 272.694 12.538 2 1140 30 90 240 499 735 860 990 1035 Education Post Graduate 307 282.518 257.117 14.674 3 1205 20 60 200 430 665 810 900 983 Census Region Northeast 932 369.46 287.677 9.423 2 1440 30 120 314 565 800 892 990 1095 Census Region Midwest 938 384.067 304.829 9.953 2 1440 29 120 319.5 600 825 930 1080 1140 Census Region South 1409 404.028 308.501 8.219 1 1440 30 130 345 630 840 943 1090 1205 Census Region West 726 349.883 291.992 10.837 1 1440 30 110 274 541 800 900 1045 1180 Day Of Week Weekday 2661 374.746 296.185 5.742 1 1440 30 120 315 578 810 915 1045 1150 Day Of Week Weekend 1344 394.854 308.482 8.415 1 1440 30 120 321.5 625 833 940 1110 1260 Season Winter 1046 374.159 304.183 9.405 1 1440 25 115 295 590 815 925 1080 1170 Season Spring 1034 384.762 301.561 9.378 2 1440 30 120 320 610 810 900 1105 1215 Season Summer 1059 385.134 300.394 9.231 2 1440 30 120 330 591 840 940 1040 1130 Season Fall 866 381.999 295.104 10.028 2 1440 30 120 324 590 810 915 1030 1150 Asthma No 3687 378.806 298.378 4.914 1 1440 30 120 315 591 810 915 1050 1170 Asthma Yes 298 416.862 323.967 18.767 5 1440 20 135 342.5 652 870 1015 1202 1335 Asthma DK 20 350 304.324 68.049 25 995 27.5 60 290 540 795 902.5 995 995 Angina No 3892 380.923 299.475 4.8 1 1440 30 120 320 595 815 920 1060 1170 Angina Yes 87 404.31 345.105 36.999 2 1380 30 120 270 703 910 1015 1320 1380 Angina DK 26 390.577 300.394 58.912 25 995 30 115 342.5 670 780 790 995 995 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 3749 378.662 298.576 4.876 1 1440 30 120 315 590 810 915 1060 1170 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 236 431.157 326.848 21.276 5 1380 30 150 362.5 680 892 980 1205 1260 Bronchitis/ Emphysema DK 20 326.25 291.068 65.085 10 995 17.5 85 222.5 540 755 887.5 995 995 Note: A "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" = The respondent replied " don't know". Refused = Refused data. N = doer sample size. Mean = Mean 24 hour cumulative number of minutes for doers. Stdev = standard deviation. Stderr = standard error. Min = minimum number of minutes. Max = maximum number of minutes. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 158 August 1997 Table 15 142 Range of Time ( minutes) Spent Smoking Based on the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Minutes ** 0 60 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 Overall 9386 5381 628 444 338 285 258 242 236 192 228 186 185 Gender Male 4294 2327 280 184 167 141 119 114 128 92 101 92 89 Female 5088 3053 348 259 171 144 138 128 108 99 127 94 96 Refused 4 1 * 1 * * 1 * * 1 * * *

Age ( years) * 187 133 10 6 2 3 2 4 3 6 4 3 3 1 4 499 344 29 23 14 8 10 7 8 7 8 7 5 5 11 703 479 40 38 32 23 10 9 6 12 6 11 6 12 17 589 333 75 31 30 20 22 15 13 7 13 5 3 18 64 6059 3083 412 305 225 196 195 187 192 143 184 148 154 > 64 1349 1009 62 41 35 35 19 20 14 17 13 12 14 Race White 7591 4312 496 368 261 233 208 208 186 154 173 160 149 Black 945 550 66 41 37 26 29 18 31 23 33 15 22 Asian 157 109 12 3 7 5 3 2 5 3 3 2 1 Some Others 182 103 10 8 9 5 7 3 2 3 5 4 4 Hispanic 385 220 39 17 21 13 9 9 10 8 12 5 6 Refused 126 87 5 7 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 * 3 Hispanic No 8534 4868 573 396 295 267 238 226 213 181 202 173 168 Yes 702 414 48 38 38 16 18 14 21 10 23 11 13 DK 47 29 3 4 2 * 1 * 1 * 1 2 1 Refused 103 70 4 6 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 * 3 Employment * 1773 1149 143 91 74 50 39 29 26 28 27 22 14 Full Time 4096 2054 286 203 140 141 124 126 134 96 134 109 110 Part Time 802 421 51 42 36 25 32 27 17 23 28 12 16 Not Employed 2644 1709 145 105 87 67 61 56 58 43 38 43 44 Refused 71 48 3 3 1 2 2 4 1 2 1 * 1 Education * 1968 1264 153 98 81 56 49 38 30 31 30 27 18 < High School 834 457 34 28 23 16 15 23 38 15 20 26 12 High School Graduate 2612 1297 160 115 94 86 92 84 69 71 93 64 76 < College 1801 972 114 87 76 62 50 56 49 44 52 35 44 College Graduate 1247 774 88 70 42 38 32 24 32 23 20 22 21 Post Graduate 924 617 79 46 22 27 20 17 18 8 13 12 14 Census Region Northeast 2075 1143 150 108 66 73 61 63 54 52 56 40 38 Midwest 2102 1164 145 110 75 65 69 37 63 42 55 51 41 South 3243 1834 206 137 116 106 76 92 85 58 87 60 76 West 1966 1240 127 89 81 41 52 50 34 40 30 35 30 Day of Week Weekday 6316 3655 430 301 227 188 164 146 171 127 169 128 116 Weekend 3070 1726 198 143 111 97 94 96 65 65 59 58 69 Season Winter 2524 1478 180 113 91 81 65 68 53 39 60 48 41 Spring 2438 1404 154 120 82 73 73 61 61 50 58 40 61 Summer 2536 1477 165 116 88 71 64 64 68 61 52 57 45 Fall 1888 1022 129 95 77 60 56 49 54 42 58 41 38 Asthma No 8629 4942 580 419 308 264 237 223 216 175 213 172 173 Yes 694 396 42 24 29 20 20 17 20 16 13 13 12 DK 63 43 6 1 1 1 1 2 * 1 2 1 *

Angina No 9061 5169 610 430 331 273 252 235 233 187 223 184 181 Yes 250 63 13 11 5 11 5 5 2 5 4 * 4 DK 75 49 5 3 2 1 1 2 1 * 1 2 *

Bronchitis/ emphysema No 8882 5133 593 423 311 267 246 224 219 182 215 177 174 Yes 433 197 30 20 24 17 11 16 17 10 11 7 11 DK 71 51 5 1 3 1 1 2 * * 2 2 * Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 159 Table 15 142 Range of Time ( minutes) Spent Smoking Based on the Number of Respondents ( continued)

Number of Minutes 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 Overall 149 135 162 105 83 53 27 21 12 12 3 6 15 Gender Male 84 76 87 66 48 37 18 14 9 6 3 3 10 Female 65 59 75 39 35 17 9 7 3 6 * 3 5 Refused * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) * 2 1 1 1 * 2 * * * * * * 1 1 4 3 5 6 3 2 3 2 2 1 * 1 * 1 5 11 7 2 5 2 * 1 5 2 2 3 * * 2 12 17 7 3 5 3 1 1 * * * 2 * * * 18 64 119 114 129 91 72 44 18 17 9 5 2 5 10 > 64 11 10 16 5 8 2 2 * * 2 * 1 1 Race White 135 118 139 90 74 49 21 16 11 11 2 3 14 Black 7 10 8 9 6 3 5 2 1 * * 2 1 Asian * * 2 * * * * * * * * * * Some Others 3 2 6 2 2 * * 1 * 1 1 1 * Hispanic 3 3 6 2 1 * * 1 * * * * * Refused 1 2 1 2 * 1 1 1 * * * * *

Hispanic No 141 127 149 96 81 52 25 19 12 11 2 6 13 Yes 5 6 11 8 2 1 1 1 * 1 1 * 1 DK 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * 1 Refused 2 1 2 1 * * 1 1 * * * * *

Employment * 16 10 16 8 3 5 7 4 3 5 1 * 3 Full Time 83 82 82 72 50 34 10 11 5 2 * 2 6 Part Time 18 11 16 6 10 2 2 3 * 2 * 1 1 Not Employed 31 32 48 18 19 12 8 3 4 3 2 3 5 Refused 1 * * 1 1 * * * * * * * *

Education * 19 12 18 10 3 7 8 4 3 5 1 * 3 < High School 15 24 34 16 16 7 6 2 1 1 * 2 3 High School Graduate 60 64 62 45 33 17 6 5 5 3 1 2 8 < College 36 22 29 18 23 12 5 6 3 2 1 2 1 College Graduate 11 9 12 10 6 8 1 4 * * * * * Post Graduate 8 4 7 6 2 2 1 * * 1 * * *

Census Region Northeast 37 34 34 23 20 10 2 4 2 2 * 1 2 Midwest 36 28 36 29 15 13 11 8 1 2 1 1 4 South 52 63 60 37 37 21 11 6 7 5 * 4 7 West 24 10 32 16 11 9 3 3 2 3 2 * 2 Day of Week Weekday 95 84 103 63 55 38 17 12 8 8 2 1 8 Weekend 54 51 59 42 28 15 10 9 4 4 1 5 7 Season Winter 30 47 46 26 21 11 7 6 4 1 2 1 5 Spring 41 36 44 29 10 14 5 5 4 5 1 2 5 Summer 38 23 45 31 33 13 11 5 2 3 * 2 2 Fall 40 29 27 19 19 15 4 5 2 3 * 1 3 Asthma No 134 124 150 92 77 47 24 20 9 9 3 5 13 Yes 15 9 11 13 6 5 3 1 3 3 * 1 2 DK * 2 1 * * 1 * * * * * * *

Angina No 141 130 157 103 82 48 26 20 12 12 2 5 15 Yes 4 3 4 2 1 4 1 1 * * 1 1 * DK 4 2 1 * * 1 * * * * * * *

Bronchitis/ emphysema No 139 128 150 91 75 48 25 20 11 9 3 4 15 Yes 10 5 12 14 8 4 2 1 1 3 * 2 * DK * 2 * * * 1 * * * * * * *

Note: * = Missing Data; DK = Don't know; N = Number of Respondents; Refused = Respondent Refused to Answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 160 August 1997 Table 15 143 Number of Minutes Spent Smoking ( minutes/ day)

Percentiles Category Population Group N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 9386 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 615 795 930 1035 1440 Gender Male 4294 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 685 840 983 1095 1440 Gender Female 5088 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 545 725 870 960 1440 Age ( years) 1 4 499 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 455 735 975 1095 1440 Age ( years) 5 11 703 0 0 0 0 0 0 82 370 625 975 1140 1440 Age ( years) 12 17 589 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 377 542 810 864 1260 Age ( years) 18 64 6059 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 675 830 950 1045 1440 Age ( years) > 64 1349 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 340 622 825 910 1440 Race White 7591 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 630 805 940 1035 1440 Race Black 945 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 540 715 910 1071 1440 Race Asian 157 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 375 494 565 790 800 Race Some Others 182 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 680 815 1140 1305 1328 Race Hispanic 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 481 652 813 845 1095 Hispanic No 8534 0 0 0 0 0 0 243 625 800 940 1035 1440 Hispanic Yes 702 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 518 680 850 920 1440 Employment Full Time 4096 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 687 835 945 1005 1440 Employment Part Time 802 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 630 793 930 1054 1440 Employment Not Employed 2644 0 0 0 0 0 0 144.5 555 768 915 1045 1440 Education < High School 834 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 790 880 1004 1105 1440 Education High School Graduate 2612 0 0 0 0 0 5 390 710 840 956 1060 1440 Education < College 1801 0 0 0 0 0 0 288 630 805 945 1045 1435 Education College Graduate 1247 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 480 660 860 970 1140 Education Post Graduate 924 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 380 595 795 860 1205 Census Region Northeast 2075 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 610 775 915 990 1440 Census Region Midwest 2102 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 630 810 945 1054 1440 Census Region South 3243 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 655 810 950 1060 1440 Census Region West 1966 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 510 710 885 990 1440 Day of Week Weekday 6316 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 595 780 925 1015 1440 Day of Week Weekend 3070 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 651 810 950 1080 1440 Season Winter 2524 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 600 790 930 1034 1440 Season Spring 2438 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 626 785 920 1060 1440 Season Summer 2536 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 600 810 940 1020 1440 Season Fall 1888 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 630 791 945 1020 1440 Asthma No 8629 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 610 790 928 1020 1440 Asthma Yes 694 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 668 855 1020 1170 1440 Angina No 9061 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 615 795 930 1034 1440 Angina Yes 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 615 835 1007.5 1125 1380 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 8882 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 605 785 928 1020 1440 Bronchitis/ emphysema Yes 433 0 0 0 0 0 50 405 810 900 1040 1205 1380 Note: N = Doer Sample Size; Percentiles are the Percentage of Doers below or Equal to a Given Number of Minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 161 Table 15 144 Range of Time Spent Smoking Cigars or Pipe Tobacco by the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Minutes per Day ** 0 3 3 6 6 9 9 12 12 15 15 18 18 61 Overall 62 5 10 8 6 1 2 9 21 Gender Male 58 5 8 7 6 1 2 9 20 Female 4 * 2 1 * * * * 1 Age ( years) 5 11 1 * * 1 * * * * * 12 17 1 1 * * * * * * * 18 64 46 3 10 4 6 1 1 5 16 > 64 14 1 * 3 * * 1 4 5 Race White 53 3 8 7 4 1 1 9 20 Black 5 1 2 1 1 * * * * Some Others 1 1 * * * * * * * Hispanic 3 * * * 1 * 1 * 1 Hispanic No 57 5 9 8 5 * 1 9 20 Yes 5 * 1 * 1 1 1 * 1 Employment * 2 1 * 1 * * * * * Full Time 39 2 7 4 5 1 1 4 15 Part Time 3 * 3 * * * * * * Not Employed 17 1 * 3 1 * 1 5 6 Refused 1 1 * * * * * * *

Education * 2 1 * 1 * * * * * < High School 2 * * * * * 1 * 1 High School Graduate 24 2 4 4 3 * * 3 8 < College 18 2 4 * * 1 * 4 7 College Graduate 10 * 2 2 2 * * 1 3 Post Graduate 6 * * 1 1 * 1 1 2 Census Region Northeast 20 3 1 4 * 1 * 1 10 Midwest 19 * 4 4 2 * 1 4 4 South 12 1 3 * 2 * 1 1 4 West 11 1 2 * 2 * * 3 3 Day of Week Weekday 40 3 7 5 2 1 * 7 15 Weekend 22 2 3 3 4 * 2 2 6 Season Winter 16 * 3 5 1 * 1 3 3 Spring 19 3 4 1 1 * * 2 8 Summer 19 1 1 1 4 1 1 2 8 Fall 8 1 2 1 * * * 2 2 Asthma No 59 5 8 8 6 1 2 8 21 Yes 3 * 2 * * * * 1 *

Angina No 60 5 10 8 6 1 2 8 20 Yes 2 * * * * * * 1 1 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 60 4 10 8 6 1 2 8 21 Yes 2 1 * * * * * 1 *

Note: * Signifies missing data; Refused = respondents refused to answer; N = doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. A value of " 61" for number of minutes signifies that more than 60 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 162 August 1997 Table 15 145 Number of Minutes Spent Smoking Cigars or Pipe Tobacco ( minutes/ day)

Percentiles Category Population Group N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 57 2 3 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Gender Male 53 3 5 10 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Gender Female 4 2 2 2 2 2.5 9 38 61 61 61 61 61 Age ( years) 5 11 1 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 Age ( years) 12 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) 18 64 43 2 2 3 10 15 45 61 61 61 61 61 61 Age ( years) > 64 13 15 15 15 20 45 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Race White 50 2 2.5 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Race Black 4 10 10 10 10 10 15 25 30 30 30 30 30 Race Some Others 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Race Hispanic 3 30 30 30 30 30 45 61 61 61 61 61 61 Hispanic No 52 2 3 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Hispanic Yes 5 10 10 10 10 30 40 45 61 61 61 61 61 Employment Full Time 37 2 2 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Employment Part Time 3 3 3 3 3 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Employment Not Employed 16 15 15 15 20 37.5 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Education < High School 2 45 45 45 45 45 53 61 61 61 61 61 61 Education High School Graduate 22 2 2 10 10 15 45 61 61 61 61 61 61 Education < College 16 3 3 3 3 25 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Education College Graduate 10 5 5 5 7.5 20 30 61 61 61 61 61 61 Education Post Graduate 6 20 20 20 20 30 52.5 61 61 61 61 61 61 Census Region Northeast 17 10 10 10 20 20 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 Census Region Midwest 19 2 2 2 3 15 30 60 61 61 61 61 61 Census Region South 11 10 10 10 10 10 45 61 61 61 61 61 61 Census Region West 10 10 10 10 10 30 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekday 37 2 2 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekend 20 3 3 6.5 10 20 37.5 61 61 61 61 61 61 Season Winter 16 3 3 3 10 15 25 60 61 61 61 61 61 Season Spring 16 2 2 2 5 15 60.5 61 61 61 61 61 61 Season Summer 18 10 10 10 20 30 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Season Fall 7 3 3 3 3 10 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Asthma No 54 2 3 10 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Asthma Yes 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 60 60 60 60 60 60 Angina No 55 2 3 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Angina Yes 2 60 60 60 60 60 60.5 61 61 61 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 56 2 3 3 10 20 60 61 61 61 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ emphysema Yes 1 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 Note: A value of " 61" for number of minutes signifies that more than 60 minutes were spent; N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 163 Table 15 146 Range of Numbers of Cigarettes Smoked Based on the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Cigarettes Smoked by Respondent on the Day Before the Survey * None 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 14 15 24 25 35 36+ DK Overall 4663 530 3288 45 92 88 182 315 56 57 10 Gender Male 2163 278 1467 24 38 32 81 167 30 43 3 Female 2498 251 1820 21 54 56 101 148 26 14 7 Refused 2 1 1 * * * * * * * * Age ( years) * 84 2 72 1 1 * 2 3 1 1 1 1 4 263 263 * * * * * * * * * 5 11 348 258 88 * 1 * * 1 * * * 12 17 326 1 315 * 1 3 2 3 * * 1 18 64 2972 5 2232 42 76 75 156 276 54 51 5 > 64 670 1 581 2 13 10 22 32 1 5 3 Race White 3774 413 2664 30 63 63 156 272 54 52 7 Black 463 53 319 7 18 22 17 22 1 1 3 Aian 77 5 71 * * * * 1 * * * Some Others 96 22 55 1 4 1 5 6 1 1 * Hispanic 193 37 133 7 5 2 2 7 * * * Refused 60 * 46 * 2 * 2 7 * 3 * Hispanic No 4244 452 3010 33 79 79 173 297 56 55 10 Yes 347 75 225 11 10 7 7 12 * * * DK 26 2 18 * 2 2 1 1 * * * Refused 46 1 35 1 1 * 1 5 * 2 * Employment * 926 526 388 * 2 3 2 3 * * 2 Full Time 2017 1 1510 34 55 51 100 193 37 34 2 Part Time 379 * 307 5 7 6 23 22 4 3 2 Not Employed 1309 3 1058 6 28 28 57 92 14 20 3 Refused 32 * 25 * * * * 5 1 * 1 Education * 1021 526 473 * 4 3 4 8 * 1 2 < High School 399 3 279 1 9 12 27 42 8 16 2 High School Graduate 1253 1 899 16 44 35 73 138 23 23 1 < College 895 * 696 11 19 20 44 75 18 9 3 College Graduate 650 * 547 11 10 13 26 32 5 5 1 Post Graduate 445 * 394 6 6 5 8 20 2 3 1 Census Region Northeast 1048 112 747 4 12 19 49 78 10 16 1 Midwest 1036 110 746 11 25 19 29 73 13 8 2 South 1601 193 1079 17 37 34 76 108 29 24 4 West 978 115 716 13 18 16 28 56 4 9 3 Day of Week Weekday 3156 341 2239 28 66 61 116 217 38 43 7 Weekend 1507 189 1049 17 26 27 66 98 18 14 3 Season Winter 1264 163 883 16 23 21 50 71 18 14 5 Spring 1181 148 819 13 22 14 45 94 14 10 2 Summer 1275 142 906 7 20 32 47 89 12 17 3 Fall 943 77 680 9 27 21 40 61 12 16 * Asthma No 4287 480 3023 40 85 80 171 292 51 56 9 Yes 341 48 239 5 6 8 10 18 5 1 1 DK 35 2 26 * 1 * 1 5 * * * Angina No 4500 526 3161 45 88 85 175 304 52 54 10 Yes 125 2 99 * 3 3 5 8 3 2 * DK 38 2 28 * 1 * 2 3 1 1 * Bronchitis/ emphysema No 4424 519 3138 43 80 81 170 284 48 52 9 Yes 203 11 120 2 11 6 11 28 8 5 1 DK 36 * 30 * 1 1 1 3 * * * Note: * = Missing Data; DK = Don't Know; N= Number of Respndents; Refused = Respondent Refused to Answer Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 164 August 1997 Table 15 147 Range of Number of Cigarettes Smoked by Other People Based on Number of Respondents Total N Number of Cigarettes Smoked By Others * None 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 14 15 24 25 35 36+ DK Overall 4723 898 3209 55 108 78 122 121 19 28 85 Gender Male 2131 468 1403 21 35 39 61 46 11 12 35 Female 2590 428 1806 34 73 39 61 75 8 16 50 Refused 2 2 * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) * 103 11 82 * 2 * * 3 * 1 4 1 4 236 236 * * * * * * * * * 5 11 355 355 * * * * * * * * * 12 17 263 263 * * * * * * * * * 18 64 3087 32 2506 46 97 74 116 109 16 24 67 > 64 679 1 621 9 9 4 6 9 3 3 14 Race White 3817 675 2616 42 89 70 106 107 18 24 70 Black 482 119 309 7 8 6 9 9 1 2 12 Asian 80 21 57 1 * * 1 * * * * Some Others 86 29 51 * * 1 3 1 * 1 * Hispanic 192 50 120 5 9 1 3 1 * 1 2 Refused 66 4 56 * 2 * * 3 * * 1 Hispanic No 4290 796 2928 49 91 73 114 118 19 25 77 Yes 355 95 223 5 15 3 7 1 * 1 5 DK 21 4 11 1 * 1 1 * * 2 1 Refused 57 3 47 * 2 1 * 2 * * 2 Employment * 847 845 2 * * * * * * * * Full Time 2079 * 1740 28 64 50 73 59 9 10 46 Part Time 423 21 336 6 15 4 14 11 1 3 12 Not Employed 1335 30 1098 21 28 24 35 48 9 15 27 Refused 39 2 33 * 1 * * 3 * * *

Education * 947 897 44 * 1 * * 4 * * 1 < High School 435 * 336 6 18 9 17 16 4 10 19 High School Graduate 1359 * 1097 25 38 40 47 62 9 9 32 < College 906 1 748 10 29 22 36 22 5 9 24 College Graduate 597 * 536 9 15 5 17 11 * * 4 Post Graduate 479 * 448 5 7 2 5 6 1 * 5 Census Region Northeast 1027 201 690 14 29 18 14 32 3 4 22 Midwest 1066 196 726 15 28 13 27 25 4 7 25 South 1642 320 1090 17 36 33 58 44 7 15 22 West 988 181 703 9 15 14 23 20 5 2 16 Day of Week Weekday 3160 596 2178 33 76 54 77 69 12 14 51 Weekend 1563 302 1031 22 32 24 45 52 7 14 34 Season Winter 1260 266 841 17 23 19 29 34 7 6 18 Spring 1257 270 821 14 35 22 27 32 4 10 22 Summer 1261 240 863 13 25 18 35 30 3 6 28 Fall 945 122 684 11 25 19 31 25 5 6 17 Asthma No 4342 802 2989 52 97 69 117 104 15 22 75 Yes 353 95 196 3 10 9 5 16 4 6 9 DK 28 1 24 * 1 * * 1 * * 1 Angina No 4561 894 3068 53 104 78 121 116 19 26 82 Yes 125 1 110 2 3 * 1 4 * 2 2 DK 37 3 31 * 1 * * 1 * * 1 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 4458 875 3016 53 99 75 115 108 17 23 77 Yes 230 21 163 2 8 3 7 12 2 5 7 DK 35 2 30 * 1 * * 1 * * 1 Note: * = Missing Data; DK = Don't know; N = Number of Respondents; Refused = Respondent Refused to Answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 165 Table 15 148 Range of the Number of Cigarettes Smoked While at Home Based on the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Cigarettes Smoked by Respondent at Home * None 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 14 15 24 25 35 36+ DK Overall 4723 516 3358 51 193 126 224 180 23 29 23 Gender Male 2131 277 1463 24 86 53 91 98 11 17 11 Female 2590 237 1895 27 107 73 133 82 12 12 12 Refused 2 2 * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) * 103 8 83 * 2 4 1 2 1 * 2 1 4 236 236 * * * * * * * * * 5 11 355 268 86 * * * 1 * * * * 12 17 263 2 248 * 6 2 3 1 1 * * 18 64 3087 1 2352 47 170 110 193 150 21 26 17 > 64 679 1 589 4 15 10 26 27 0 3 4 Race White 3817 391 2700 30 152 103 208 164 22 28 19 Black 482 61 345 10 27 20 9 6 1 * 3 Asian 80 13 65 * 2 * * * * * * Some Others 86 17 58 1 3 1 2 3 * 1 * Hispanic 192 32 140 8 3 2 3 4 * * * Refused 66 2 50 2 6 * 2 3 * * 1 Hispanic No 4290 451 3045 41 182 121 210 167 23 29 21 Yes 355 64 252 8 4 5 10 11 * * 1 DK 21 * 18 * 1 * 2 * * * * Refused 57 1 43 2 6 * 2 2 * * 1 Employment * 847 514 322 * 5 1 3 1 1 * * Full Time 2079 1 1598 33 122 88 117 87 11 10 12 Part Time 423 * 346 4 17 10 27 12 3 3 1 Not Employed 1335 1 1060 14 47 27 76 78 7 16 9 Refused 39 * 32 * 2 * 1 2 1 * 1 Education * 947 514 406 1 9 3 6 4 2 * 2 < High School 435 * 309 5 20 17 32 26 7 12 7 High School Graduate 1359 * 989 21 78 64 98 84 7 11 7 < College 906 2 701 17 51 25 56 39 4 5 6 College Graduate 597 * 524 6 20 11 19 13 2 1 1 Post Graduate 479 * 429 1 15 6 13 14 1 * *

Census Region Northeast 1027 121 721 11 39 22 50 46 8 5 4 Midwest 1066 102 764 12 52 32 53 33 5 7 6 South 1642 177 1159 16 62 51 81 63 8 14 11 West 988 116 714 12 40 21 40 38 2 3 2 Day of Week Weekday 3160 336 2277 32 129 87 134 118 14 18 15 Weekend 1563 180 1081 19 64 39 90 62 9 11 8 Season Winter 1260 153 873 18 53 39 59 42 10 6 7 Spring 1257 152 901 7 51 22 55 54 1 6 8 Summer 1261 139 896 10 44 33 64 53 7 10 5 Fall 945 72 688 16 45 32 46 31 5 7 3 Asthma No 4342 470 3100 45 176 112 208 165 20 25 21 Yes 353 46 234 5 15 14 16 15 3 4 1 DK 28 * 24 1 2 * * * * * 1 Angina No 4561 515 3225 49 188 123 217 173 23 26 22 Yes 125 * 104 1 2 3 5 7 * 3 * DK 37 1 29 1 3 * 2 * * * 1 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 4458 501 3179 46 179 121 210 159 21 20 22 Yes 230 15 149 4 12 5 14 20 2 9 * DK 35 * 30 1 2 * * 1 * * 1 Note: * = Missing Data; DK = Don't Know; N= Number of Respondents; Refused = Respondent Refused to Answer Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 166 August 1997 Table 15 149. Differences in Time Use ( hours/ week) Grouped by Sex, Employment Status, and Marital Status a for the Surveys Conducted in 1965 and 1975 Employed Men Employed Women Housewives Total Urban Data Married Single Married Single Married Single 1965 ( N= 448) ( N= 73) ( N= 190) ( N= 152) ( N= 341) ( N= 14) ( N= 1218)

Sleep 53.1 50.6 53.8 52.6 53.9 58.8 53.3 Work for Pay 51.3 51.4 38.4 39.8 0.5 1.6 33.0 Family Care 9.0 7.7 28.8 20.6 50.0 45.7 25.4 Personal Care 20.9 22.2 20.3 21.7 22.6 23.0 21.5 Free Time 33.7 36.1 26.7 33.3 41.0 38.9 34.8 Organizations 2.6 3.6 1.4 3.7 3.4 3.4 2.8 Media 17.1 13.9 10.7 11.1 15.3 19.1 14.7 Social Life 7.2 10.4 7.9 9.6 12.6 10.2 9.4 Recreation 1.4 1.3 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.1 0.9 Other Leisure 5.4 6.9 6.1 8.4 9.1 5.1 7.0 Total Time ( Free) 168.0 ( 33.7) 168.0 ( 36.1) 168.0 ( 26.7) 168.0 ( 33.3) 168.0 ( 41.0) 168.0 ( 38.9) 168.0 ( 34.8)

1975 ( N= 245) ( N= 87) ( N= 117) ( N= 108) ( N= 141) ( N= 28) ( N= 726)

Sleep 53.4 54.1 55.1 54.3 56.8 58.6 54.7 Work for Pay 47.4 40.0 30.1 38.8 1.1 0.0 32.5 Family Care 9.7 9.0 24.9 16.6 44.3 42.8 20.5 Personal Care 21.4 20.0 26.2 21.9 21.4 19.2 21.8 Free Time 36.1 44.9 31.7 36.4 44.4 47.4 38.5 Organizations 3.7 4.8 1.1 4.4 4.8 3.0 3.8 Media 18.9 18.5 15.6 14.5 20.4 27.2 18.2 Social Life 6.4 8.9 6.6 8.9 10.1 9.1 7.8 Recreation 1.3 4.1 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.4 1.3 Other Leisure 5.8 8.6 6.5 8.1 8.4 7.7 7.4 Total Time ( Free) 168.0 ( 36.1) 168.0 ( 44.9) 168.0 ( 31.7) 168.0 ( 36.4) 168.0 ( 44.4) 168.0 ( 47.4) 168.0 ( 38.5)

Data weighted to ensure equal days of the week.

a Source: Robinson, 1977. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 167 Table 15 150. Time Use ( hours/ week) Differences by Age for the Surveys Conducted in 1965 and 1975 a Mean Duration ( hrs/ wk)

Age Group ( years)

18 25 25 35 36 45 46 55 56 65 1965 1975 1965 1975 1965 1975 1965 1975 1965 1975 Activity ( N= 200) ( N= 149) ( N= 321) ( N= 234) ( N= 306) ( N= 150) ( N= 252) ( N= 141) ( N= 156) ( N= 111)

Sleep 54.2 55.4 52.5 53.9 53.1 54.7 53.9 55.4 53.6 56.0 Work for Pay 32.6 27.0 29.2 33.4 33.1 34.4 33.4 31.0 35.9 20.4 Family Care 21.2 15.3 30.4 21.6 25.4 20.4 24.9 23.2 20.4 23.2 Personal Care 20.9 20.3 20.3 20.8 22.5 21.1 22.4 23.1 20.9 26.6 Free Time 39.1 50.0 35.6 38.4 33.8 37.3 33.4 35.2 37.1 41.8 Organizations 4.8 8.4 3.0 4.2 3.0 3.3 2.0 3.1 2.9 3.2 Media 13.8 18.5 14.6 17.2 14.5 18.3 15.3 18.8 17.4 22.6 Social Life 11.3 10.7 10.3 8.7 8.4 7.8 8.6 5.4 8.1 6.2 Recreation 0.9 2.6 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.3 1.1 1.3 Other Leisure 8.3 9.8 6.5 7.0 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.6 7.6 8.5 Total Time Free Time 168.0 ( 39.1) 168.0 ( 50.0) 168.0 ( 35.6) 168.0 ( 38.4) 168.0 ( 33.8) 168.0 ( 37.3) 168.0 ( 33.4) 168.0 ( 35.2) 168.0 ( 37.1) 168.0 ( 41.8)

Data weighted to ensure equal days of the week.

a Source: Robinson, 1977. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 168 August 1997 Table 15 151. Time Use ( hours/ week) Differences by Education for the Surveys Conducted in 1965 and 1975 a Activity Mean duration ( hours/ week)

Age Group ( in years)

0 8 9 11 12 13 15 16+

1965 1975 1965 1975 1965 1975 1965 1975 1965 1975 ( N= 171) ( N= 75) ( N= 220) ( N= 114) ( N= 452) ( N= 319) ( N= 195) ( N= 137) ( N= 191) ( N= 144)

Sleep 54.9 57.0 52.3 53.7 53.0 55.5 53.6 53.6 53.6 54.8 Work for Pay 31.6 30.0 33.1 32.0 30.9 26.9 34.4 27.5 34.5 38.0 Family Care 24.7 18.7 25.4 21.7 28.9 23.5 21.7 18.9 21.2 16.8 Personal Care 20.8 22.9 20.9 22.0 21.1 22.1 21.7 10.5 22.7 22.3 Free Time 35.9 39.4 36.1 38.6 34.1 40.0 36.5 47.5 35.9 36.1 Organizations 1.8 3.0 1.5 2.2 2.5 3.7 5.8 9.1 4.7 4.1 Media 19.3 18.0 16.5 20.7 14.2 19.0 13.3 19.7 12.5 16.2 Social Life 7.7 8.4 9.8 7.9 9.5 8.5 9.0 7.7 10.2 8.1 Recreation 0.9 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.7 1.3 1.1 2.0 0.9 1.3 Other Leisure 6.3 8.7 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.4 9.0 7.7 6.4 Total Time Free Time 168.0 ( 36.0) 168.0 ( 39.4) 168.0 ( 36.2) 168.0 ( 38.6) 168.0 ( 34.1) 168.0 ( 40.0) 168.0 ( 36.6) 168.0 ( 47.5) 168.0 ( 36.0) 168.0 ( 36.1)

a Data weighted to ensure equal days of the week.

Source: Robinson, 1977. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 169 Table 15 152. Time Use ( hours/ week) Differences by Race for the Surveys Conducted in 1965 and 1975 a Mean duration ( hours/ week)

White Black 1965 1975 1965 1975 ( N = 1030) ( N = 680) ( N = 103) ( N = 77)

Activity Category Sleep 53.4 54.5 50.9 54.8 Work for Pay 31.9 30.0 36.6 30.0 Family Care 26.0 21.1 23.6 17.6 Personal Care 21.8 22.1 20.0 21.0 Free Time 34.9 40.3 36.9 44.6 Organizations 2.8 4.4 3.0 4.9 Media 14.8 18.7 15.7 19.6 Social Life 9.3 8.2 9.1 9.8 Recreation 1.1 1.5 0.6 0.4 Other Leisure 6.9 7.5 8.4 9.9 Total Time 168.0 168.0 168.0 168.0 Free Time ( 34.9) ( 40.3) ( 36.8) ( 44.6)

Data weighted to ensure equal days of the week. a Source: Robinson, 1977.

Table 15 153. Mean Time Spent ( hours/ week) in Ten Major Activity Categories Grouped by Regions a Totalb N= 975 Activity West North Central Northeast South N= 200 N= 304 N= 185 N= 286 Mean S. D. c Activity Actegtory Market Work 23.44 29.02 27.34 24.21 26.15 23.83 House/ yard work 14.64 14.17 14.29 15.44 14.66 12.09 Child care 2.50 2.82 2.32 2.66 2.62 5.14 Services/ shop 5.22 5.64 4.92 4.72 5.15 5.40 Personal care 79.23 76.62 78.11 79.38 78.24 12.70 Education 2.94 1.43 0.95 1.45 1.65 6.34 Organizations 3.42 2.97 2.45 2.68 2.88 5.40 Social entertainment 8.26 8.42 8.98 8.22 8.43 8.17 Active leisure 5.94 5.28 4.77 5.86 5.49 7.81 Passive leisure 22.47 21.71 23.94 23.47 22.80 13.35 Total Time 168.00 168.00 168.00 168.00 168.00 0.09 Weighted for day of week, panel loss ( not defined in report), and correspondence to Census. Data may not add to totals shown due to a rounding. N = surveyed population. b S. D. = standard deviation. c Source: Hill, 1985. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 170 August 1997 Table 15 154. Total Mean Time Spent ( minutes/ day) in Ten Major Activity Categories Grouped by Type of Day Time Duration ( mins/ day)

Weekday Saturday Sunday [ N = 831] [ N = 831] [ N = 831] a Activity Category Market Work 288.0 ( 257.7) 97.9 ( 211.9) 58.0 ( 164.8) b House/ Yardwork 126.3 ( 119.3) 160.5 ( 157.2) 124.5 ( 133.3)

Child Care 26.6 ( 50.9) 19.4 ( 51.5) 24.8 ( 61.9)

Services/ Shopping 48.7 ( 58.7) 64.4 ( 92.5) 21.6 ( 49.9)

Personal Care 639.2 ( 114.8) 706.8 ( 169.8) 734.3 ( 156.5)

Education 16.4 ( 64.4) 5.4 ( 38.1) 7.3 ( 48.0)

Organizations 21.1 ( 49.7) 18.4 ( 75.2) 58.5 ( 104.5)

Social Entertainment 54.9 ( 69.2) 1,114.1 ( 156.0) 110.0 ( 151.2)

Active Leisure 37.9 ( 71.11) 61.4 ( 126.5) 64.5 ( 120.6)

Passive Leisure 181.1 ( 121.9) 191.8 ( 161.6) 236.5 ( 167.1)

Total Time 1,440 1,440 1,440 a N = Number of respondents. b ( ) = Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations. Source: Hill, 1985.

Table 15 155. Mean Time Spent ( minutes/ day) in Ten Major Activity Categories During Four Waves of Interviewsa Fall Spring Summer ( Nov. 1, 1975) Winter ( June 1, 1976) ( Sept. 21, 1976) Range of Standard b N= 861 ( Feb. 28, 1976) N= 861 N= 861 Deviations b b b Activity Category Wave 1 Wave 2 Wave 3 Wave 4 Market work 222.94 226.53 210.44 230.92 272 287 House/ yard work 133.16 135.58 143.10 119.95 129 156 Child care 25.50 22.44 25.51 21.07 49 58 Services/ shop 48.98 44.09 44.61 47.75 76 79 Personal care 652.95 678.14 688.27 674.85 143 181 Education 22.79 12.57 2.87 10.76 32 93 Organizations 25.30 22.55 23.21 29.91 68 87 Social entertainment 63.87 67.11 83.90 72.24 102 127 Active leisure 42.71 47.46 46.19 42.30 96 105 Passive leisure 210.75 183.48 171.85 190.19 144 162 Total Time 1440.00 1440.00 1440.00 1440.00

Weighted for day of week, panel loss ( not defined in report), and correspondence to Census. a Dates by which 50% of the interviews for each wave were taken. b Source: Hill, 1985. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 171 Table 15 156. Mean Time Spent ( hours/ week) in Ten Major Activity Categories Grouped by Gendera Time duration ( hours/ week)

Men Women Men and Women n = 140 n = 561 n = 971 Activity Category Market work 35.8 ( 23.6) 17.9 ( 20.7) 26.2 ( 23.8) House/ yard 8.5 ( 9.0) 20.0 ( 11.9) 14.7 ( 12.1) Child care 1.2 ( 2.5) 3.9 ( 6.4) 2.6 ( 5.2) Services/ shop 3.9 ( 4.5) 6.3 ( 5.9) 5.2 ( 5.4) Personal care 77.3 ( 13.0) 79.0 ( 12.4) 78.2 ( 12.7) Education 2.3 ( 7.7) 1.1 ( 4.8) 1.7 ( 6.4) Organizations 2.5 ( 5.5) 3.2 ( 5.3) 2.9 ( 5.4) Social entertainment 7.9 ( 8.3) 8.9 ( 8.0) 8.4 ( 8.2) Active leisure 5.9 ( 8.2) 5.2 ( 7.4) 5.5 ( 7.8) Passive leisure 22.8 ( 14.1) 22.7 ( 12.7) 22.8 ( 13.3)

Total time 168.1 168.1 168.1 b Detailed components of activities ( 87) are presented in Table 1A 4. a ( ) = Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations. b Source: Hill, 1985.

Table 15 157. Percent Responses of Children's " Play" ( activities) Locations in Maryvale, Arizonaa Location Percent Responses Ranking of Children's " Play" Locationsc Preschool Primary Grades ( K 3) Intermediate Grades ( 4 6) n = 211 n = 45 n = 66 Residential Yards 143 124 132 Residential ( Own and Others) b b b School Playgrounds 0 53 52 Parks and Recreation Areas Parks and Recreation Areas 42 53 33 Street/ Path/ Alley Commercial 2 24 27 Natural/ Vacant Areas Industrial 0 0 2 School Institutional 1 2 0 Institutional Streets 3 24 41 Commercial Alleys 1 2 9 Parking Lots Parking Lots 0 9 9 Child Built Places Vacant Lots/ Canals/ Fields 1 7 8 Water Industrial Survey was conducted in Maryvale ( West Central Phoenix), Arizona. a Percentages greater than 100, because many children played in more than one location. b Ranking of children's activity locations were obtained from other literature sources. c Source: Sell, 1989. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 172 August 1997 Table 15 158. Occupational Tenure of Employed Individuals by Age and Sex a Median Tenure ( years)

Age Group ( years) All Workers Men Women 16 24 1.9 2.0 1.9 25 29 4.4 4.6 4.1 30 34 6.9 7.6 6.0 35 39 9.0 10.4 7.0 40 44 10.7 13.8 8.0 45 49 13.3 17.5 10.0 50 54 15.2 20.0 10.8 55 59 17.7 21.9 12.4 60 64 19.4 23.9 14.5 65 69 20.1 26.9 15.6 70 and older 21.9 30.5 18.8 Total 6.6 7.9 5.4 a Working population = 109.1 million persons Source: Carey, 1988.

Table 15 159. Occupational Tenure for Employed Individuals Grouped by Sex and Race a Median Tenure ( Years)

Race All Individuals Men Women White 6.7 8.3 5.4 Black 5.8 5.8 5.8 Hispanic 4.5 5.1 3.7 Working population = 109.1 million persons. a Source: Carey, 1988.

Table 15 160. Occupational Tenure for Employed Individuals Grouped by Sex and Employment Status a Median Tenure ( Years)

Employment Status All Individuals Men Women Full Time 7.2 8.4 5.9 Part Time 3.1 2.4 3.6 a Working population = 109.9 million persons. Source: Carey, 1988. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 173 Table 15 161. Occupational Tenure of Employed Individuals Grouped by Major Occupational Groups and Age a Median Tenure ( years)

Occupational Group Age Group Total 16 24 25 34 35 44 45 54 55 64 65+ b Executive, Administrative, and Managerial 8.4 2.4 5.6 10.1 15.1 17.9 26.3 Professional Specialty 9.6 2.0 5.7 12.0 18.2 25.6 36.2 Technicians and Related Support 6.9 2.2 5.7 10.9 17.7 20.8 22.2 Sales Occupations 5.1 1.7 4.7 7.7 10.5 15.5 21.6 Administrative Support, including Clerical 5.4 2.1 5.0 7.6 10.9 14.6 15.4 Service Occupations 4.1 1.7 4.4 6.9 9.0 10.6 10.4 Precision Production, Craft, and Repair 9.3 2.6 7.1 13.5 19.9 25.7 30.1 Operators, Fabricators, and Laborers 5.5 1.7 4.6 9.1 13.7 18.1 14.7 Farming, Forestry, and Fishing 10.4 2.9 7.9 13.5 20.7 30.5 39.8 a Working population = 109.1 million persons. b Includes all workers 16 years and older Source: Carey, 1988.

Table 15 162. Voluntary Occupational Mobility Rates for Workers Age 16 Years and Older a Age Group ( years) Occupational Mobility Rateb ( Percent)

16 24 12.7 25 34 6.6 35 44 4.0 45 54 1.9 55 64 1.0 64 and older 0.3 Total, age 16 and older 5.3 a Working population = 109.1 million persons. b Occupational mobility rate = percentage of persons employed in an occupation who had voluntarily entered it from another occupation. Source: Carey, 1990. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 174 August 1997 Table 15 163. Values and Their Standard Errors for Average Total Residence Time, T, for Each Group in Surveya Average total residence Households ( percent) time S. D. Average current residence T ( years) S T ( years) T CR Households 1985 1987 All households 4.55 ± 0.60 8.68 10.56 ± 0.10 100.0 100.0 Renters 2.35 ± 0.14 4.02 4.62 ± 0.08 36.5 36.0 Owners 11.36 ± 3.87 13.72 13.96 ± 0.12 63.5 64.0 Farms 17.31 ± 13.81 18.69 18.75 ± 0.38 2.1 1.9 Urban 4.19 ± 0.53 8.17 10.07 ± 0.10 74.9 74.5 Rural 7.80 ± 1.17 11.28 12.06 ± 0.23 25.1 25.5 Northeast region 7.37 ± 0.88 11.48 12.64 ± 0.12 21.2 20.9 Midwest region 5.11 ± 0.68 9.37 11.15 ± 0.10 25.0 24.5 South region 3.96 ± 0.47 8.03 10.12 ± 0.08 34.0 34.4 West region 3.49 ± 0.57 6.84 8.44 ± 0.11 19.8 20.2 Values of the average current residence time, T , are given for comparison. a CR Source: Israeli and Nelson, 1992.

Table 15 164. Total Residence Time, t ( years), Corresponding to Selected Values of R( t) by Housing Category a R( t) = 0.05 0.1 0.25 0.5 0.75 All households 23.1 12.9 3.7 1.4 0.5 Renters 8.0 5.2 2.6 1.2 0.5 Owners 41.4 32.0 17.1 5.2 1.4 Farms 58.4 48.3 26.7 10.0 2.4 Urban 21.7 10.9 3.4 1.4 0.5 Rural 32.3 21.7 9.1 3.3 1.2 Northeast region 34.4 22.3 7.5 2.8 1.0 Midwest region 25.7 15.0 4.3 1.6 0.6 South region 20.7 10.8 3.0 1.2 0.4 West region 17.1 8.9 2.9 1.2 0.4 R( t) = fraction of households living in the same residence for t years or more. a Source: Israeli and Nelson, 1992. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 175 Table 15 165. Residence Time of Owner/ Renter Occupied Units Year household moved into unit Total occupied units ( numbers in thousands)

1990 1994 24,534 1985 1989 27,054 1980 1984 10,613 1975 1979 9,369 1970 1974 6,233 1960 1969 7,933 1950 1959 4,754 1940 1949 1,772 1939 or earlier 885 Total 93,147 Source: U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1993.

Table 15 166. Percent of Householders Living in Houses for Specified Ranges of Time Years lived in current home Percent of total households 0 4 26.34 5 9 29.04 10 14 11.39 15 19 10.06 20 24 6.69 25 34 8.52 35 44 5.1 45 54 1.9 > 55 0.95 Total 99.99 a a Total does not equal 100 due to rounding errors. Source: Adapted from U. S. Bureau of the Census, 1993. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 176 August 1997 Table 15 167. Descriptive Statistics for Residential Occupancy Period Residential occupancy period ( years)

Both genders Males only Females only N = 500,000 N = 244,274 N = 255,726 a Statistic 11.7 11.1 12.3 Mean 2 2 2 5th percentile 2 2 2 10th percentile 3 4 5 25th percentile 9 8 9 50th percentile 16 15 17 75th percentile 26 24 28 90th percentile 33 31 35 95th percentile 41 39 43 98th percentile 47 44 49 99th percentile 51 48 53 99.5th percentile 55 53 58 99.8th percentile 59 56 61 99.9th percentile 75 73 75 Second largest value 87 73 87 Largest value a = Number of simulated persons Source: Johnson and Capel, 1992.

Table 15 168. Descriptive Statistics for Both Genders by Current Age Current age, years Residential occupancy period ( years)

Percentile Mean 25 50 75 90 95 99 3 6.5 3 5 8 13 17 22 6 8.0 4 7 10 15 18 22 9 8.9 5 8 12 16 18 22 12 9.3 5 9 13 16 18 23 15 9.1 5 8 12 16 18 23 18 8.2 4 7 11 16 19 23 21 6.0 2 4 8 13 17 23 24 5.2 2 4 6 11 15 25 27 6.0 3 5 8 12 16 27 30 7.3 3 6 9 14 19 32 33 8.7 4 7 11 17 23 39 36 10.4 5 8 13 21 28 47 39 12.0 5 9 15 24 31 48 42 13.5 6 11 18 27 35 49 45 15.3 7 13 20 31 38 52 48 16.6 8 14 22 32 39 52 51 17.4 9 15 24 33 39 50 54 18.3 9 16 25 34 40 50 57 19.1 10 17 26 35 41 51 60 19.7 11 18 27 35 40 51 63 20.2 11 19 27 36 41 51 66 20.7 12 20 28 36 41 50 69 21.2 12 20 29 37 42 50 72 21.6 13 20 29 37 43 53 75 21.5 13 20 29 38 43 53 78 21.4 12 19 29 38 44 53 81 21.2 11 20 29 39 45 55 84 20.3 11 19 28 37 44 56 87 20.6 10 18 29 39 46 57 90 18.9 8 15 27 40 47 56 All ages 11.7 4 9 16 26 33 47 Source: Johnson and Capel, 1992. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 177 Table 15 169. Summary of Residence Time of Recent Home Buyers ( 1993)

Number of years lived in previous house Percent of Respondents 1 year or less 2 2 3 16 4 7 40 8 9 10 10 years or more 32 Source: NAR, 1993 Table 15 170. Tenure in Previous Home ( Percentage Distribution)

Percent 1987 1989 1991 1993 One year or less 5 8 4 2 2 3 Years 25 15 21 16 4 7 Years 36 22 37 40 8 9 Years 10 11 9 10 10 or More Years 24 34 29 32 Total 100 100 100 100 Median 6 6 6 6 Source: NAR, 1993 Table 15 171. Number of Miles Moved ( Percentage Distribution)

All Buyers Buyer Buyer Buyer First Time Repeat Buyer New Home Existing Home Miles Percent Less than 5 miles 29 33 27 23 31 5 to 9 miles 20 25 16 18 20 10 to 19 miles 18 20 17 20 17 20 to 34 miles 9 11 8 12 9 35 to 50 miles 2 2 2 2 3 51 to 100 miles 5 2 6 6 4 Over 100 miles 17 6 24 19 16 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Median 9 8 11 11 8 Mean 200 110 270 230 190 Source: NAR, 1993 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 178 August 1997 Table 15 172. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations Considerations Rationale Rating TIME SPENT INDOORS VS. OUTDOORS Study Elements ° Level of peer review The studies received high level of peer review. High ° Accessibility The studies are widely available to the public. High ° Reproducibility The reproducibility of these studies is left to question. Evidence has shown that Medium activities have tended to shift over the past decade since the studies were published, due to economic conditions and technological developments, etc. Thus, it is assumed there would be differences in reproducing these results. However, if data were reanalyzed in the same manner the results are expected to be the same.

° Focus on factor of interest The study focused on general activity patterns. One study delineated between indoor High and outdoor use of time but in many cases the locations were specified. Thus, any assumptions were made about the indoor or outdoor location where event took place.

° Data pertinent to US The studies focused on the U. S. population and California. High ° Primary data One study analyzed data from a two primary studies. Data from the remaining study High was collected to via questionnaires and interviews.

° Currency The studies were published in 1985 ( data was collected 1981 1982), 1987, 1991 ( data Medium was collected 1987 1990) and 1992.