Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All fields, total 1 ........................................... 397,052 292,784 24,171 12,907 16,842 1,621 48,727 178,123 123,809 8,103 5,490 8,920 659 31,142 218,929 168,975 16,068 7,417 7,922 962 17,585 Agriculture and natural resources .................... 4,252 3,007 116 98 129 15 887 2,551 1,787 57 54 59 11 583 1,701 1,220 59 44 70 4 304 Architecture and related programs .................. 3,923 2,628 142 155 282 9 707 2,310 1,557 73 93 134 4 449 1,613 1,071 69 62 148 5 258 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .................... 1,639 1,138 121 93 86 12 189 765 542 47 49 39 4 84 874 596 74 44 47 8 105 Biological sciences/ life sciences ...................... 5,393 3,741 169 154 431 21 877 2,602 1,805 52 68 215 11 451 2,791 1,936 117 86 216 10 426 Business ........................................................... 93,809 66,553 5,165 2,590 4,924 311 14,266 59,109 42,711 2,427 1,621 2,902 199 9,249 34,700 23,842 2,738 969 2,022 112 5,017 Communications ............................................... 5,142 3,597 376 131 171 21 846 1,869 1,358 105 45 46 7 308 3,273 2,239 271 86 125 14 538 Communications technologies ......................... 467 259 34 12 14 0 148 239 149 16 8 5 0 61 228 110 18 4 9 0 87 Computer and information sciences ................ 10,326 4,521 372 207 1,329 17 3,880 7,627 3,488 215 160 847 12 2,905 2,699 1,033 157 47 482 5 975 Construction trades .......................................... 7 0 3 1 0 0 3 4 0 1 1 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 1 Education ......................................................... 101,242 83,646 8,163 4,048 1,706 514 3,165 23,806 19,303 1,875 1,032 411 133 1,052 77,436 64,343 6,288 3,016 1,295 381 2,113 Engineering ...................................................... 28,553 14,686 706 688 2,732 45 9,696 23,935 12,323 494 561 2,153 42 8,362 4,618 2,363 212 127 579 3 1,334 Engineering related technologies ..................... 1,110 808 58 31 46 6 161 897 649 42 27 40 4 135 213 159 16 4 6 2 26 English language and literature/ letters ............ 7,845 6,758 300 198 192 38 359 2,764 2,418 74 73 63 15 121 5,081 4,340 226 125 129 23 238 Foreign languages and literatures ................... 3,136 2,071 75 288 112 5 585 995 690 27 83 28 3 164 2,141 1,381 48 205 84 2 421 Health professions and related sciences ......... 31,243 25,244 1,682 849 1,590 131 1,747 6,754 4,879 293 233 606 28 715 24,489 20,365 1,389 616 984 103 1,032 Home economics and vocational home economics ..................................................... 2,864 2,176 238 92 76 12 270 492 359 26 25 13 3 66 2,372 1,817 212 67 63 9 204 Law and legal studies ...................................... 2,511 1,228 89 65 59 6 1,064 1,680 818 43 47 38 3 731 831 410 46 18 21 3 333 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies,

and humanities ............................................. 2,565 2,114 158 70 39 14 170 924 747 60 24 8 7 78 1,641 1,367 98 46 31 7 92 Library science ................................................. 5,057 4,384 227 114 146 12 174 1,054 925 30 27 26 3 43 4,003 3,459 197 87 120 9 131 Mathematics ..................................................... 4,181 2,523 162 72 257 11 1,156 2,543 1,485 70 52 147 5 784 1,638 1,038 92 20 110 6 372 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ........................... 2,457 2,001 131 65 75 13 172 1,093 860 54 28 42 7 102 1,364 1,141 77 37 33 6 70 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies .. 1,755 1,519 64 33 20 7 112 892 769 36 20 10 4 53 863 750 28 13 10 3 59 Philosophy and religion .................................... 1,380 1,128 44 51 27 9 121 875 704 31 28 18 4 90 505 424 13 23 9 5 31 Physical sciences and science technologies ... 5,753 3,385 156 119 307 23 1,763 4,013 2,401 91 79 199 15 1,228 1,740 984 65 40 108 8 535 Precision production trades ............................. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Protective services ........................................... 1,706 1,321 252 54 33 3 43 912 705 117 34 20 3 33 794 616 135 20 13 0 10 Psychology ....................................................... 13,921 11,562 898 579 310 88 484 3,893 3,240 228 164 82 31 148 10,028 8,322 670 415 228 57 336 Public administration and services .................. 23,501 18,056 2,702 1,128 593 137 885 6,870 5,030 739 357 205 38 501 16,631 13,026 1,963 771 388 99 384 R. O. T. C. and military technologies .................. 124 105 7 4 7 1 0 117 99 6 4 7 1 0 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ............................. 14,845 10,299 874 483 485 87 2,617 8,207 5,636 403 248 255 32 1,633 6,638 4,663 471 235 230 55 984 Theological studies and religious vocations .... 5,240 3,949 274 120 230 4 663 3,178 2,322 177 84 157 2 436 2,062 1,627 97 36 73 2 227 Transportation and material moving workers .. 823 741 30 19 18 6 9 775 703 26 18 16 4 8 48 38 4 1 2 2 1 Visual and performing arts ............................... 10,277 7,631 383 296 416 43 1,508 4,374 3,343 168 143 129 24 567 5,903 4,288 215 153 287 19 941 1 Reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. Excludes 475 men and 102 women whose racial/

ethnic group and field of study were not available.

NOTE.   To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS `` Completions'' survey: `` Agriculture and natural resources'' includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; and `` Business'' includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared April 1997.) 308 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 270.   Doctor's degrees 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ ethnic group and sex of student: 1976   77 to 1995   96 Year Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred Total White, non

Hispanic Black, non

Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White, non

Hispanic Black, non

Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total Total 1976   77 2 ........ 33,126 26,851 1,253 522 658 95 3,747 100.0 81.1 3.8 1.6 2.0 0.3 11.3 1978   79 3 ........ 32,675 26,138 1,268 439 811 104 3,915 100.0 80.0 3.9 1.3 2.5 0.3 12.0 1980   81 4 ........ 32,839 25,908 1,265 456 877 130 4,203 100.0 78.9 3.9 1.4 2.7 0.4 12.8 1984   85 5 ........ 32,307 23,934 1,154 677 1,106 119 5,317 100.0 74.1 3.6 2.1 3.4 0.4 16.5 1986   87 6 ........ 34,041 24,434 1,057 751 1,098 105 6,596 100.0 71.8 3.1 2.2 3.2 0.3 19.4 1988   89 6,7 ...... 35,659 24,884 1,066 629 1,323 85 7,672 100.0 69.8 3.0 1.8 3.7 0.2 21.5 1989   90 6,8 ...... 38,113 25,880 1,153 788 1,235 99 8,958 100.0 67.9 3.0 2.1 3.2 0.3 23.5 1990   91 6,9 ...... 38,547 25,328 1,211 732 1,459 102 9,715 100.0 65.7 3.1 1.9 3.8 0.3 25.2 1991   92 6,10 .... 40,090 25,813 1,223 811 1,559 118 10,566 100.0 64.4 3.1 2.0 3.9 0.3 26.4 1992   93 6,11 .... 42,021 26,700 1,352 827 1,582 106 11,454 100.0 63.5 3.2 2.0 3.8 0.3 27.3 1993   94 6,12 .... 43,149 27,156 1,393 903 2,025 134 11,538 100.0 62.9 3.2 2.1 4.7 0.3 26.7 1994   95 6,13 .... 44,427 27,826 1,667 984 2,690 130 11,130 100.0 62.6 3.8 2.2 6.1 0.3 25.1 1995   96 6,14 .... 44,645 27,756 1,636 999 2,646 158 11,450 100.0 62.2 3.7 2.2 5.9 0.4 25.6 Men Men 1976   77 2 ........ 25,036 20,032 766 383 540 67 3,248 100.0 80.0 3.1 1.5 2.2 0.3 13.0 1978   79 3 ........ 23,488 18,433 734 294 646 69 3,312 100.0 78.5 3.1 1.3 2.8 0.3 14.1 1980   81 4 ........ 22,595 17,310 694 277 655 95 3,564 100.0 76.6 3.1 1.2 2.9 0.4 15.8 1984   85 5 ........ 21,296 15,017 561 431 802 64 4,421 100.0 70.5 2.6 2.0 3.8 0.3 20.8 1986   87 6 ........ 22,061 14,812 485 441 794 57 5,472 100.0 67.1 2.2 2.0 3.6 0.3 24.8 1988   89 6,7 ...... 22,597 14,541 491 350 945 50 6,220 100.0 64.3 2.2 1.5 4.2 0.2 27.5 1989   90 6,8 ...... 24,248 15,105 533 423 871 49 7,267 100.0 62.3 2.2 1.7 3.6 0.2 30.0 1990   91 6,9 ...... 24,333 14,565 581 387 987 58 7,755 100.0 59.9 2.4 1.6 4.1 0.2 31.9 1991   92 6,10 .... 25,168 14,674 576 458 1,062 65 8,333 100.0 58.3 2.3 1.8 4.2 0.3 33.1 1992   93 6,11 .... 25,980 14,902 615 439 1,041 51 8,932 100.0 57.4 2.4 1.7 4.0 0.2 34.4 1993   94 6,12 .... 26,531 15,126 631 465 1,373 66 8,870 100.0 57.0 2.4 1.8 5.2 0.2 33.4 1994   95 6,13 .... 26,898 15,354 731 488 1,758 58 8,509 100.0 57.1 2.7 1.8 6.5 0.2 31.6 1995   96 6,14 .... 26,836 15,101 730 516 1,693 80 8,716 100.0 56.3 2.7 1.9 6.3 0.3 32.5 Women Women 1976   77 2 ........ 8,090 6,819 487 139 118 28 499 100.0 84.3 6.0 1.7 1.5 0.3 6.2 1978   79 3 ........ 9,187 7,705 534 145 165 35 603 100.0 83.9 5.8 1.6 1.8 0.4 6.6 1980   81 4 ........ 10,244 8,598 571 179 222 35 639 100.0 83.9 5.6 1.7 2.2 0.3 6.2 1984   85 5 ........ 11,011 8,917 593 246 304 55 896 100.0 81.0 5.4 2.2 2.8 0.5 8.1 1986   87 6 ........ 11,980 9,622 572 310 304 48 1,124 100.0 80.3 4.8 2.6 2.5 0.4 9.4 1988   89 6,7 ...... 13,062 10,343 575 279 378 35 1,452 100.0 79.2 4.4 2.1 2.9 0.3 11.1 1989   90 6,8 ...... 13,865 10,775 620 365 364 50 1,691 100.0 77.7 4.5 2.6 2.6 0.4 12.2 1990   91 6,9 ...... 14,214 10,763 630 345 472 44 1,960 100.0 75.7 4.4 2.4 3.3 0.3 13.8 1991   92 6,10 .... 14,922 11,139 647 353 497 53 2,233 100.0 74.6 4.3 2.4 3.3 0.4 15.0 1992   93 6,11 .... 16,041 11,798 737 388 541 55 2,522 100.0 73.5 4.6 2.4 3.4 0.3 15.7 1993   94 6,12 .... 16,618 12,030 762 438 652 68 2,668 100.0 72.4 4.6 2.6 3.9 0.4 16.1 1994   95 6,13 .... 17,529 12,472 936 496 932 72 2,621 100.0 71.2 5.3 2.8 5.3 0.4 15.0 1995   96 6,14 .... 17,809 12,655 906 483 953 78 2,734 100.0 71.1 5.1 2.7 5.4 0.4 15.4 1 Includes Ph. D., Ed. D, and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes firstprofessional degrees. 2 Excludes 106 men whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 3 Excludes 53 men and 2 women whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 4 Excludes 116 men and 3 women whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 5 Excludes 404 men and 232 women whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 6 Reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. 7 Excludes 51 men and 10 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 8 Excludes 153 men and 105 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 9 Excludes 423 men and 324 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 10 Excludes 389 men and 180 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 11 Excludes 93 men and 18 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 12 Excludes 21 men and 15 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 13 Excludes 18 men and 1 woman whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 14 Excludes 5 men and 2 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available.

NOTE.   For years 1984   85 to 1995   96, reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 309 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 271.   Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1995   96 Major field of study Total Men Women Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All fields, total 1 ........................................... 44,645 27,756 1,636 999 2,646 158 11,450 26,836 15,101 730 516 1,693 80 8,716 17,809 12,655 906 483 953 78 2,734 Agriculture and natural resources .................... 1,271 575 23 11 72 3 587 935 403 21 8 51 1 451 336 172 2 3 21 2 136 Architecture and related programs .................. 141 67 5 0 6 0 63 96 38 3 0 5 0 50 45 29 2 0 1 0 13 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .................... 184 117 22 3 13 1 28 94 55 8 2 7 1 21 90 62 14 1 6 0 7 Biological sciences/ life sciences ...................... 4,780 2,838 79 101 464 14 1,284 2,773 1,610 43 55 264 6 795 2,007 1,228 36 46 200 8 489 Business ........................................................... 1,368 817 45 20 77 6 403 974 529 26 14 58 5 342 394 288 19 6 19 1 61 Communications ............................................... 338 232 19 5 12 0 70 184 124 10 4 6 0 40 154 108 9 1 6 0 30 Communications technologies ......................... 7 0 1 0 4 0 2 6 0 0 0 4 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Computer and information sciences ................ 867 367 10 9 84 2 395 741 302 10 8 72 2 347 126 65 0 1 12 0 48 Education ......................................................... 6,676 5,128 564 218 157 51 558 2,525 1,899 175 86 60 16 289 4,151 3,229 389 132 97 35 269 Engineering ...................................................... 6,369 2,507 74 89 570 12 3,117 5,570 2,125 55 72 482 10 2,826 799 382 19 17 88 2 291 Engineering related technologies ..................... 11 3 0 0 1 0 7 10 3 0 0 1 0 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 English language and literature/ letters ............ 1,535 1,240 50 32 46 5 162 590 460 16 12 17 3 82 945 780 34 20 29 2 80 Foreign languages and literatures ................... 876 499 8 64 45 1 259 387 209 3 28 18 0 129 489 290 5 36 27 1 130 Health professions and related sciences ......... 2,119 1,342 64 52 166 2 493 919 493 18 15 90 1 302 1,200 849 46 37 76 1 191 Home economics and vocational home economics ................................................... 414 289 33 9 8 0 75 117 83 8 5 3 0 18 297 206 25 4 5 0 57 Law and legal studies ...................................... 91 40 2 3 5 0 41 59 24 1 1 2 0 31 32 16 1 2 3 0 10 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies,

and humanities ............................................. 75 61 6 1 2 0 5 33 28 3 1 0 0 1 42 33 3 0 2 0 4 Library science ................................................. 53 39 2 1 6 0 5 10 6 0 1 2 0 1 43 33 2 0 4 0 4 Mathematics ..................................................... 1,209 547 9 9 98 1 545 962 427 7 8 73 1 446 247 120 2 1 25 0 99 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ........................... 441 301 38 11 16 4 71 218 131 22 5 7 2 51 223 170 16 6 9 2 20 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies .. 104 71 7 2 3 0 21 65 39 4 2 2 0 18 39 32 3 0 1 0 3 Philosophy and religion .................................... 549 436 15 8 14 1 75 385 301 10 6 7 1 60 164 135 5 2 7 0 15 Physical sciences and science technologies ... 4,571 2,446 56 68 389 11 1,601 3,515 1,864 39 58 267 7 1,280 1,056 582 17 10 122 4 321 Precision production trades ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protective services ........................................... 38 32 2 0 2 0 2 22 17 1 0 2 0 2 16 15 1 0 0 0 0 Psychology ....................................................... 3,711 3,087 159 148 100 23 194 1,259 1,047 41 45 28 12 86 2,452 2,040 118 103 72 11 108 Public administration and services .................. 499 340 44 14 11 1 89 220 142 9 5 6 0 58 279 198 35 9 5 1 31 R. O. T. C. and military technologies .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ............................. 3,760 2,471 121 95 163 15 895 2,339 1,448 69 59 86 10 667 1,421 1,023 52 36 77 5 228 Theological studies and religious vocations .... 1,521 1,062 147 10 63 4 235 1,304 903 112 9 57 2 221 217 159 35 1 6 2 14 Transportation and material moving workers .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Visual and performing arts ............................... 1,067 802 31 16 49 1 168 524 391 16 7 16 0 94 543 411 15 9 33 1 74 1 Reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. Excludes 5 men and 2 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available.

NOTE.   To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS `` Completions'' survey: `` Agriculture and natural resources'' includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; and `` Business'' includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 310 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 272.   Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student: 1994   95 Major field of study Total Men Women Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All fields, total 1 ........................................... 44,427 27,826 1,667 984 2,690 130 11,130 26,898 15,354 731 488 1,758 58 8,509 17,529 12,472 936 496 932 72 2,621 Agriculture and natural resources .................... 1,264 601 13 19 71 2 558 962 446 9 12 52 1 442 302 155 4 7 19 1 116 Architecture and related programs .................. 141 69 6 6 4 0 56 95 43 4 5 3 0 40 46 26 2 1 1 0 16 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .................... 186 121 22 6 5 4 28 80 53 8 1 3 1 14 106 68 14 5 2 3 14 Biological sciences/ life sciences ...................... 4,645 2,883 87 98 407 4 1,166 2,771 1,687 52 63 228 0 741 1,874 1,196 35 35 179 4 425 Business ........................................................... 1,394 848 41 16 82 5 402 1,014 568 25 11 58 5 347 380 280 16 5 24 0 55 Communications ............................................... 320 234 14 6 15 0 51 162 116 3 3 7 0 33 158 118 11 3 8 0 18 Communications technologies ......................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Computer and information sciences ................ 884 401 9 6 92 0 376 723 311 8 2 73 0 329 161 90 1 4 19 0 47 Education ......................................................... 6,905 5,205 620 252 151 40 637 2,621 1,964 191 88 52 15 311 4,284 3,241 429 164 99 25 326 Engineering ...................................................... 6,110 2,333 76 60 635 5 3,001 5,383 1,972 59 51 525 3 2,773 727 361 17 9 110 2 228 Engineering related technologies ..................... 18 7 0 0 2 1 8 16 7 0 0 2 1 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 English language and literature/ letters ............ 1,561 1,268 37 26 35 7 188 665 525 9 8 8 3 112 896 743 28 18 27 4 76 Foreign languages and literatures ................... 905 536 8 71 33 3 254 395 221 5 27 13 3 126 510 315 3 44 20 0 128 Health professions and related sciences ......... 2,069 1,311 90 38 153 9 468 867 444 32 17 86 2 286 1,202 867 58 21 67 7 182 Home economics and vocational home economics ..................................................... 388 279 28 7 9 0 65 99 67 6 1 2 0 23 289 212 22 6 7 0 42 Law and legal studies ...................................... 88 32 1 0 1 0 54 62 20 1 0 0 0 41 26 12 0 0 1 0 13 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies,

and humanities ............................................. 90 71 8 0 2 0 9 41 31 1 0 2 0 7 49 40 7 0 0 0 2 Library science ................................................. 55 29 7 2 5 0 12 20 10 1 1 2 0 6 35 19 6 1 3 0 6 Mathematics ..................................................... 1,226 562 5 14 95 1 549 955 433 3 11 75 0 433 271 129 2 3 20 1 116 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ........................... 238 155 13 8 14 2 46 129 79 5 4 8 0 33 109 76 8 4 6 2 13 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies .. 149 110 5 7 6 0 21 87 61 4 4 2 0 16 62 49 1 3 4 0 5 Philosophy and religion .................................... 507 401 14 9 13 2 68 365 281 10 6 9 1 58 142 120 4 3 4 1 10 Physical sciences and science technologies ... 4,483 2,455 45 62 438 9 1,474 3,428 1,865 30 45 312 5 1,171 1,055 590 15 17 126 4 303 Precision production trades ............................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protective services ........................................... 26 17 4 0 3 0 2 14 8 3 0 2 0 1 12 9 1 0 1 0 1 Psychology ....................................................... 3,822 3,231 154 129 104 18 186 1,431 1,213 35 44 41 5 93 2,391 2,018 119 85 63 13 93 Public administration and services .................. 556 381 59 13 16 2 85 274 172 23 7 12 1 59 282 209 36 6 4 1 26 R. O. T. C. and military technologies .................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ............................. 3,725 2,360 119 86 196 10 954 2,319 1,378 60 58 120 7 696 1,406 982 59 28 76 3 258 Theological studies and religious vocations .... 1,591 1,108 150 30 51 4 248 1,375 955 125 12 45 4 234 216 153 25 18 6 0 14 Transportation and material moving workers .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Visual and performing arts ............................... 1,080 817 32 13 52 2 164 545 424 19 7 16 1 78 535 393 13 6 36 1 86 1 Reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. Excludes 18 men and 1 woman whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available.

NOTE.   To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS `` Completions'' survey: `` Agriculture and natural resources'' includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; and `` Business'' includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared April 1997.) 311 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 273.   First professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ ethnic group and sex of student: 1976   77 to 1995   96 Year Number of degrees conferred Percentage distribution of degrees conferred Total White, non

Hispanic Black, non

Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White, non

Hispanic Black, non

Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total Total 1976   77 1 ........ 63,953 58,422 2,537 1,076 1,021 196 701 100.0 91.4 4.0 1.7 1.6 0.3 1.1 1978   79 2 ........ 68,611 62,430 2,836 1,283 1,205 216 641 100.0 91.0 4.1 1.9 1.8 0.3 0.9 1980   81 3 ........ 71,340 64,551 2,931 1,541 1,456 192 669 100.0 90.5 4.1 2.2 2.0 0.3 0.9 1984   85 4 ........ 71,057 63,219 3,029 1,884 1,816 248 861 100.0 89.0 4.3 2.7 2.6 0.3 1.2 1986   87 .......... 71,617 62,688 3,420 2,051 2,270 304 884 100.0 87.5 4.8 2.9 3.2 0.4 1.2 1988   89 .......... 70,856 61,214 3,148 2,269 2,976 264 985 100.0 86.4 4.4 3.2 4.2 0.4 1.4 1989   90 5 ........ 70,744 60,240 3,410 2,427 3,362 257 1,048 100.0 85.2 4.8 3.4 4.8 0.4 1.5 1990   91 6 ........ 71,515 60,327 3,575 2,527 3,755 261 1,070 100.0 84.4 5.0 3.5 5.3 0.4 1.5 1991   92 7 ........ 72,129 59,800 3,560 2,766 4,455 296 1,252 100.0 82.9 4.9 3.8 6.2 0.4 1.7 1992   93 8 ........ 74,960 60,830 4,100 2,984 5,160 368 1,518 100.0 81.1 5.5 4.0 6.9 0.5 2.0 1993   94 .......... 75,418 60,140 4,444 3,134 5,892 371 1,437 100.0 79.7 5.9 4.2 7.8 0.5 1.9 1994   95 .......... 75,800 59,402 4,747 3,231 6,397 412 1,611 100.0 78.4 6.3 4.3 8.4 0.5 2.1 1995   96 9 ........ 76,641 59,456 5,016 3,476 6,617 463 1,613 100.0 77.6 6.5 4.5 8.6 0.6 2.1 Men Men 1976   77 1 ........ 51,980 47,777 1,761 893 776 159 614 100.0 91.9 3.4 1.7 1.5 0.3 1.2 1978   79 2 ........ 52,425 48,123 1,783 989 860 150 520 100.0 91.8 3.4 1.9 1.6 0.3 1.0 1980   81 3 ........ 52,194 47,629 1,772 1,131 991 134 537 100.0 91.3 3.4 2.2 1.9 0.3 1.0 1984   85 4 ........ 47,501 42,630 1,623 1,239 1,152 176 681 100.0 89.7 3.4 2.6 2.4 0.4 1.4 1986   87 .......... 46,523 41,149 1,835 1,303 1,420 183 633 100.0 88.4 3.9 2.8 3.1 0.4 1.4 1988   89 .......... 45,046 39,399 1,618 1,374 1,819 148 688 100.0 87.5 3.6 3.1 4.0 0.3 1.5 1989   90 5 ........ 43,778 37,850 1,672 1,450 1,963 135 708 100.0 86.5 3.8 3.3 4.5 0.3 1.6 1990   91 6 ........ 43,601 37,348 1,672 1,506 2,178 144 753 100.0 85.7 3.8 3.5 5.0 0.3 1.7 1991   92 7 ........ 43,812 36,939 1,603 1,635 2,593 157 885 100.0 84.3 3.7 3.7 5.9 0.4 2.0 1992   93 8 ........ 44,821 37,157 1,777 1,762 2,858 190 1,077 100.0 82.9 4.0 3.9 6.4 0.4 2.4 1993   94 .......... 44,707 36,573 1,902 1,781 3,214 222 1,015 100.0 81.8 4.3 4.0 7.2 0.5 2.3 1994   95 .......... 44,853 36,146 2,077 1,836 3,491 222 1,081 100.0 80.6 4.6 4.1 7.8 0.5 2.4 1995   96 9 ........ 44,679 35,732 2,107 1,947 3,533 256 1,104 100.0 80.0 4.7 4.4 7.9 0.6 2.5 Women Women 1976   77 1 ........ 11,973 10,645 776 183 245 37 87 100.0 88.9 6.5 1.5 2.0 0.3 0.7 1978   79 2 ........ 16,186 14,307 1,053 294 345 66 121 100.0 88.4 6.5 1.8 2.1 0.4 0.7 1980   81 3 ........ 19,146 16,922 1,159 410 465 58 132 100.0 88.4 6.1 2.1 2.4 0.3 0.7 1984   85 4 ........ 23,556 20,589 1,406 645 664 72 180 100.0 87.4 6.0 2.7 2.8 0.3 0.8 1986   87 .......... 25,094 21,539 1,585 748 850 121 251 100.0 85.8 6.3 3.0 3.4 0.5 1.0 1988   89 .......... 25,810 21,815 1,530 895 1,157 116 297 100.0 84.5 5.9 3.5 4.5 0.4 1.2 1989   90 5 ........ 26,966 22,390 1,738 977 1,399 122 340 100.0 83.0 6.4 3.6 5.2 0.5 1.3 1990   91 6 ........ 27,914 22,979 1,903 1,021 1,577 117 317 100.0 82.3 6.8 3.7 5.6 0.4 1.1 1991   92 7 ........ 28,317 22,861 1,957 1,131 1,862 139 367 100.0 80.7 6.9 4.0 6.6 0.5 1.3 1992   93 8 ........ 30,139 23,673 2,323 1,222 2,302 178 441 100.0 78.5 7.7 4.1 7.6 0.6 1.5 1993   94 .......... 30,711 23,567 2,542 1,353 2,678 149 422 100.0 76.7 8.3 4.4 8.7 0.5 1.4 1994   95 .......... 30,947 23,256 2,670 1,395 2,906 190 530 100.0 75.1 8.6 4.5 9.4 0.6 1.7 1995   96 9 ........ 31,962 23,724 2,909 1,529 3,084 207 509 100.0 74.2 9.1 4.8 9.6 0.6 1.6 1 Excludes 394 men and 12 women whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 2 Excludes 227 men and 10 women whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 3 Excludes 598 men and 18 women whose racial/ ethnic group was not available. 4 Excludes 2,954 men and 1,052 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 5 Excludes 183 men and 61 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 6 Excludes 245 men and 188 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 7 Excludes 1,259 men and 758 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 8 Excludes 332 men and 95 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. 9 Excludes 69 men and 24 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available.

NOTE.   For years 1984   85 to 1995   96, reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 312 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 274.   First professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student:

1995   96 Major field of study Total Men Women Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All fields 1 ................................................................................ 76,641 59,456 5,016 3,476 6,617 463 1,613 44,679 35,732 2,107 1,947 3,533 256 1,104 31,962 23,724 2,909 1,529 3,084 207 509 Dentistry ( D. D. S. or D. M. D.) ........................................................ 3,697 2,516 175 177 598 11 220 2,374 1,705 76 103 332 9 149 1,323 811 99 74 266 2 71 Medicine ( M. D.) ............................................................................ 15,341 10,956 988 702 2,406 93 196 9,061 6,661 387 397 1,435 54 127 6,280 4,295 601 305 971 39 69 Optometry ( O. D.) .......................................................................... 1,231 911 35 47 169 2 67 568 442 9 17 60 1 39 663 469 26 30 109 1 28 Osteopathic medicine ( D. O.) ........................................................ 1,895 1,529 45 74 210 14 23 1,232 1,009 23 54 124 8 14 663 520 22 20 86 6 9 Pharmacy ( Pharm. D.) .................................................................. 2,555 1,570 275 80 526 8 96 873 572 78 33 148 3 39 1,682 998 197 47 378 5 57 Podiatry ( Pod. D. or D. P.) or podiatric medicine ( D. P. M.) ............ 650 462 56 43 64 5 20 453 344 15 29 46 3 16 197 118 41 14 18 2 4 Veterinary medicine ( D. V. M.) ....................................................... 2,109 1,935 33 77 37 17 10 715 656 14 27 8 6 4 1,394 1,279 19 50 29 11 6 Chiropractic medicine ( D. C. or D. C. M.) ....................................... 3,379 2,777 65 113 134 18 272 2,470 2,051 29 75 103 11 201 909 726 36 38 31 7 71 Law ( LL. B. or J. D.) ....................................................................... 39,828 32,085 2,842 2,052 2,182 280 387 22,508 18,794 1,162 1,115 1,031 153 253 17,320 13,291 1,680 937 1,151 127 134 Theology ( M. Div., M. H. L., B. D., or Ord.) ..................................... 5,879 4,657 501 111 289 15 306 4,400 3,478 313 97 244 8 260 1,479 1,179 188 14 45 7 46 Other ............................................................................................ 77 58 1 0 2 0 16 25 20 1 0 2 0 2 52 38 0 0 0 0 14 1 Reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. Excludes 69 men and 24 women whose racial/ ethnic group and field of study were not available. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared June 1998.)

Table 275.   First professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by racial/ ethnic group, major field of study, and sex of student:

1994   95 Major field of study Total Men Women Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien Total White,

non Hispanic Black,

non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/

Alaskan Native Nonresident alien 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 All fields 1 ................................................................................ 75,800 59,402 4,747 3,231 6,397 412 1,611 44,853 36,146 2,077 1,836 3,491 222 1,081 30,947 23,256 2,670 1,395 2,906 190 530 Dentistry ( D. D. S. or D. M. D.) ........................................................ 3,897 2,616 180 233 589 12 267 2,480 1,774 83 128 313 9 173 1,417 842 97 105 276 3 94 Medicine ( M. D.) ............................................................................ 15,537 11,215 929 648 2,485 65 195 9,507 7,058 409 399 1,490 28 123 6,030 4,157 520 249 995 37 72 Optometry ( O. D.) .......................................................................... 1,185 899 27 36 157 5 61 538 439 5 16 48 2 28 647 460 22 20 109 3 33 Osteopathic medicine ( D. O.) ........................................................ 1,854 1,524 51 67 185 9 18 1,249 1,040 32 49 109 6 13 605 484 19 18 76 3 5 Pharmacy ( Pharm. D.) ................................................................. 2,264 1,444 233 50 434 7 96 785 522 66 20 134 1 42 1,479 922 167 30 300 6 54 Podiatry ( Pod. D. or D. P.) or podiatric medicine ( D. P. M.) .......... 545 416 28 32 57 1 11 370 290 15 19 38 1 7 175 126 13 13 19 0 4 Veterinary medicine ( D. V. M.) ....................................................... 2,148 1,983 52 53 37 12 11 762 694 22 27 9 5 5 1,386 1,289 30 26 28 7 6 Chiropractic medicine ( D. C. or D. C. M.) ....................................... 2,968 2,477 50 81 125 14 221 2,094 1,750 28 56 91 13 156 874 727 22 25 34 1 65 Law ( LL. B. or J. D.) ....................................................................... 39,349 32,126 2,699 1,897 2,011 272 344 22,592 19,108 1,118 1,016 987 146 217 16,757 13,018 1,581 881 1,024 126 127 Theology ( M. Div., M. H. L., B. D., or Ord.) .................................... 5,978 4,641 496 132 317 15 377 4,443 3,443 298 106 272 11 313 1,535 1,198 198 26 45 4 64 Other ............................................................................................ 75 61 2 2 0 0 10 33 28 1 0 0 0 4 42 33 1 2 0 0 6 1 Reported racial/ ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ ethnicity for students whose race/ ethnicity was not reported. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared April 1997.) 313 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 276.   Earned degrees in agriculture and natural resources 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 .......................... 12,672 12,136 536 2,457 2,313 144 1,086 1,055 31 1971   72 .......................... 13,516 12,779 737 2,680 2,490 190 971 945 26 1972   73 .......................... 14,756 13,661 1,095 2,807 2,588 219 1,059 1,031 28 1973   74 .......................... 16,253 14,684 1,569 2,928 2,640 288 930 897 33 1974   75 .......................... 17,528 15,061 2,467 3,067 2,703 364 991 958 33 1975   76 .......................... 19,402 15,845 3,557 3,340 2,862 478 928 867 61 1976   77 .......................... 21,467 16,690 4,777 3,724 3,177 547 893 831 62 1977   78 .......................... 22,650 17,069 5,581 4,023 3,268 755 971 909 62 1978   79 .......................... 23,134 16,854 6,280 3,994 3,187 807 950 877 73 1979   80 .......................... 22,802 16,045 6,757 3,976 3,082 894 991 879 112 1980   81 .......................... 21,886 15,154 6,732 4,003 3,061 942 1,067 940 127 1981   82 .......................... 21,029 14,443 6,586 4,163 3,114 1,049 1,079 925 154 1982   83 .......................... 20,909 14,085 6,824 4,254 3,129 1,125 1,149 1,004 145 1983   84 .......................... 19,317 13,206 6,111 4,178 2,989 1,189 1,172 1,001 171 1984   85 .......................... 18,107 12,477 5,630 3,928 2,846 1,082 1,213 1,036 177 1985   86 .......................... 16,823 11,544 5,279 3,801 2,701 1,100 1,158 966 192 1986   87 .......................... 14,991 10,314 4,677 3,522 2,460 1,062 1,049 871 178 1987   88 .......................... 14,222 9,744 4,478 3,479 2,427 1,052 1,142 926 216 1988   89 .......................... 13,492 9,298 4,194 3,245 2,231 1,014 1,183 950 233 1989   90 .......................... 12,900 8,822 4,078 3,382 2,239 1,143 1,295 1,038 257 1990   91 .......................... 13,124 8,832 4,292 3,295 2,160 1,135 1,185 953 232 1991   92 .......................... 15,124 9,869 5,255 3,735 2,413 1,322 1,214 963 251 1992   93 .......................... 16,778 11,080 5,698 3,965 2,477 1,488 1,173 879 294 1993   94 .......................... 18,070 11,748 6,322 4,119 2,515 1,604 1,278 982 296 1994   95 .......................... 19,841 12,692 7,149 4,252 2,551 1,701 1,264 962 302 1995   96 .......................... 21,431 13,535 7,896 4,569 2,650 1,919 1,271 935 336 1 Includes degrees in agricultural business and production; agricultural sciences; and conservation and renewable natural resources. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared May 1998.)

Table 277.   Earned degrees in architecture and related programs 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 .......................... 2,563 2,441 122 166 159 7 1 1 0 1959   60 .......................... 1,801 1,744 57 319 305 14 17 17 0 1969   70 .......................... 4,105 3,888 217 1,427 1,260 167 35 33 2 1970   71 .......................... 5,570 4,906 664 1,705 1,469 236 36 33 3 1971   72 .......................... 6,440 5,667 773 1,899 1,626 273 50 43 7 1972   73 .......................... 6,962 6,042 920 2,307 1,943 364 58 54 4 1973   74 .......................... 7,822 6,665 1,157 2,702 2,208 494 69 65 4 1974   75 .......................... 8,226 6,791 1,435 2,938 2,343 595 69 58 11 1975   76 .......................... 9,146 7,396 1,750 3,215 2,545 670 82 69 13 1976   77 .......................... 9,222 7,249 1,973 3,213 2,489 724 73 62 11 1977   78 .......................... 9,250 7,054 2,196 3,115 2,304 811 73 57 16 1978   79 .......................... 9,273 6,876 2,397 3,113 2,226 887 96 74 22 1979   80 .......................... 9,132 6,596 2,536 3,139 2,245 894 79 66 13 1980   81 .......................... 9,455 6,800 2,655 3,153 2,234 919 93 73 20 1981   82 .......................... 9,728 6,825 2,903 3,327 2,242 1,085 80 58 22 1982   83 .......................... 9,823 6,403 3,420 3,357 2,224 1,133 97 74 23 1983   84 .......................... 9,186 5,895 3,291 3,223 2,197 1,026 84 62 22 1984   85 .......................... 9,325 6,019 3,306 3,275 2,148 1,127 89 66 23 1985   86 .......................... 9,119 5,824 3,295 3,260 2,129 1,131 73 56 17 1986   87 .......................... 8,950 5,617 3,333 3,163 2,086 1,077 92 66 26 1987   88 .......................... 8,603 5,271 3,332 3,159 2,042 1,117 98 66 32 1988   89 .......................... 9,150 5,545 3,605 3,383 2,192 1,191 86 63 23 1989   90 .......................... 9,364 5,703 3,661 3,499 2,228 1,271 103 73 30 1990   91 .......................... 9,781 5,788 3,993 3,490 2,244 1,246 135 101 34 1991   92 .......................... 8,753 5,805 2,948 3,640 2,271 1,369 132 93 39 1992   93 .......................... 9,167 5,940 3,227 3,808 2,376 1,432 148 105 43 1993   94 .......................... 8,975 5,764 3,211 3,943 2,428 1,515 161 111 50 1994   95 .......................... 8,756 5,741 3,015 3,923 2,310 1,613 141 95 46 1995   96 .......................... 8,352 5,340 3,012 3,993 2,361 1,632 141 96 45 1 Prior to 1969   70, includes degrees in architecture. Beginning in 1969   70, includes degrees in architecture; city/ urban, community, and regional planning; architectural environmental design; interior architecture; landscape architecture; architectural urban design and planning; and architecture and related programs, other. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 314 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 278.   Earned degrees in the biological/ life sciences 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1951   52 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1951   52 ............... 11,094 8,212 2,882 2,307 1,908 399 764 680 84 1955   56 ............... 12,423 9,515 2,908 1,759 1,379 380 1,025 908 117 1959   60 ............... 15,576 11,654 3,922 2,154 1,668 486 1,205 1,086 119 1965   66 ............... 26,916 19,368 7,548 4,232 3,085 1,147 2,097 1,792 305 1969   70 ............... 34,034 23,919 10,115 5,800 3,975 1,825 3,289 2,820 469 1970   71 ............... 35,743 25,333 10,410 5,728 3,805 1,923 3,645 3,050 595 1971   72 ............... 37,293 26,323 10,970 6,101 4,087 2,014 3,653 3,031 622 1972   73 ............... 42,233 29,636 12,597 6,263 4,354 1,909 3,636 2,926 710 1973   74 ............... 48,340 33,245 15,095 6,552 4,555 1,997 3,439 2,740 699 1974   75 ............... 51,741 34,612 17,129 6,550 4,587 1,963 3,384 2,641 743 1975   76 ............... 54,275 35,520 18,755 6,582 4,497 2,085 3,392 2,663 729 1976   77 ............... 53,605 34,218 19,387 7,114 4,718 2,396 3,397 2,671 726 1977   78 ............... 51,502 31,705 19,797 6,806 4,400 2,406 3,309 2,511 798 1978   79 ............... 48,846 29,191 19,655 6,831 4,265 2,566 3,542 2,636 906 1979   80 ............... 46,370 26,828 19,542 6,510 4,098 2,412 3,636 2,690 946 1980   81 ............... 43,216 24,149 19,067 5,978 3,654 2,324 3,718 2,666 1,052 1981   82 ............... 41,639 22,754 18,885 5,874 3,426 2,448 3,743 2,654 1,089 1982   83 ............... 39,982 21,564 18,418 5,696 3,214 2,482 3,341 2,266 1,075 1983   84 ............... 38,640 20,558 18,082 5,406 2,996 2,410 3,437 2,381 1,056 1984   85 ............... 38,445 20,064 18,381 5,059 2,647 2,412 3,432 2,307 1,125 1985   86 ............... 38,524 19,993 18,531 5,013 2,616 2,397 3,358 2,229 1,129 1986   87 ............... 38,121 19,657 18,464 4,952 2,538 2,414 3,419 2,225 1,194 1987   88 ............... 36,755 18,245 18,510 4,784 2,423 2,361 3,629 2,349 1,280 1988   89 ............... 36,059 17,953 18,106 4,961 2,492 2,469 3,520 2,234 1,286 1989   90 ............... 37,204 18,312 18,892 4,869 2,395 2,474 3,844 2,394 1,450 1990   91 ............... 39,530 19,412 20,118 4,765 2,302 2,463 4,093 2,577 1,516 1991   92 ............... 42,941 20,798 22,143 4,785 2,301 2,484 4,243 2,620 1,623 1992   93 ............... 47,038 22,842 24,196 4,756 2,343 2,413 4,435 2,664 1,771 1993   94 ............... 51,383 25,050 26,333 5,196 2,465 2,731 4,534 2,690 1,844 1994   95 ............... 55,984 26,687 29,297 5,393 2,602 2,791 4,645 2,771 1,874 1995   96 ............... 60,994 28,849 32,145 6,157 2,902 3,255 4,780 2,773 2,007 1 Includes degrees in biology; biochemistry and biophysics; botany; cell and molecular biology; microbiology/ bacteriology; zoology; and other biological sciences. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 279.   Earned degrees in biology, microbiology, and zoology conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Biology, general Microbiology 1 Zoology 2 Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 ............... 26,294 2,665 536 1,475 456 365 5,722 1,167 1,107 1971   72 ............... 27,473 2,943 580 1,548 470 351 5,522 1,189 1,094 1972   73 ............... 31,185 2,959 627 1,940 517 344 5,770 1,191 1,008 1973   74 ............... 36,188 3,186 657 2,311 505 384 6,192 1,250 919 1974   75 ............... 38,748 3,109 637 2,767 552 345 6,116 1,216 920 1975   76 ............... 40,163 3,177 624 2,927 585 364 6,105 1,153 909 1976   77 ............... 39,530 3,322 608 2,884 659 325 5,608 1,168 950 1977   78 ............... 37,598 3,094 664 2,695 615 353 5,139 1,160 885 1978   79 ............... 35,962 3,093 663 2,670 597 395 4,913 1,109 938 1979   80 ............... 33,523 2,911 718 2,631 596 376 4,374 1,078 955 1980   81 ............... 31,323 2,598 734 2,414 482 370 3,946 1,090 946 1981   82 ............... 29,651 2,579 678 2,377 470 350 3,664 1,028 936 1982   83 ............... 28,022 2,354 521 2,306 446 331 3,453 918 809 1983   84 ............... 27,379 2,313 617 2,329 447 360 3,294 867 826 1984   85 ............... 27,593 2,130 658 2,180 413 302 3,128 778 802 1985   86 ............... 27,618 2,173 574 2,217 353 336 2,940 723 844 1986   87 ............... 27,465 2,022 537 2,098 390 337 2,858 740 787 1987   88 ............... 26,838 1,981 576 2,014 357 386 2,580 725 786 1988   89 ............... 26,229 2,097 527 1,780 411 356 2,582 736 744 1989   90 ............... 27,213 1,998 551 1,814 366 409 2,501 638 810 1990   91 ............... 29,285 1,956 632 1,757 324 419 2,673 640 833 1991   92 ............... 31,909 1,995 657 1,722 336 454 2,840 620 818 1992   93 ............... 34,932 2,000 671 1,769 328 520 3,071 637 786 1993   94 ............... 38,103 2,178 665 1,841 332 478 3,207 749 805 1994   95 ............... 41,658 2,350 729 1,908 295 443 3,206 689 767 1995   96 ............... 44,818 2,606 768 2,130 324 477 3,549 815 855 1 Includes bacteriology.

2 Includes general zoology; entomology; pathology; pharmacology; physiology; and zoology other. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 315 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 280.   Earned degrees in business 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1955   56 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1955   56 .......................... 42,813 38,706 4,107 3,280 3,118 162 129 127 2 1959   60 .......................... 51,076 47,262 3,814 4,643 4,476 167 135 133 2 1965   66 .......................... 62,721 57,516 5,205 12,959 12,628 331 387 370 17 1969   70 .......................... 105,580 96,346 9,234 21,561 20,792 769 620 610 10 1970   71 .......................... 114,729 104,275 10,454 25,977 24,967 1,010 757 736 21 1971   72 .......................... 121,266 109,688 11,578 30,028 28,845 1,183 859 840 19 1972   73 .......................... 126,144 112,783 13,361 30,638 29,128 1,510 902 850 52 1973   74 .......................... 131,640 114,729 16,911 32,172 30,044 2,128 919 870 49 1974   75 .......................... 132,731 111,144 21,587 35,758 32,732 3,026 936 897 39 1975   76 .......................... 142,034 113,954 28,080 42,054 37,145 4,909 900 851 49 1976   77 .......................... 150,765 115,353 35,412 46,006 39,400 6,606 827 775 52 1977   78 .......................... 159,691 116,171 43,520 47,837 39,743 8,094 823 753 70 1978   79 .......................... 171,241 118,825 52,416 49,855 40,274 9,581 821 724 97 1979   80 .......................... 184,867 122,508 62,359 54,484 42,288 12,196 753 642 111 1980   81 .......................... 198,983 125,523 73,460 57,391 42,980 14,411 795 675 120 1981   82 .......................... 213,374 129,262 84,112 60,763 43,807 16,956 815 668 147 1982   83 .......................... 226,627 131,538 95,089 64,758 45,999 18,759 776 644 132 1983   84 .......................... 229,478 129,559 99,919 66,150 46,178 19,972 929 730 199 1984   85 .......................... 232,636 127,659 104,977 66,996 46,209 20,787 831 688 143 1985   86 .......................... 237,319 128,780 108,539 66,689 45,938 20,751 934 729 205 1986   87 .......................... 240,546 128,603 111,943 67,093 44,913 22,180 1,062 808 254 1987   88 .......................... 243,021 129,552 113,469 69,230 45,980 23,250 1,063 810 253 1988   89 .......................... 246,399 131,157 115,242 73,065 48,540 24,525 1,100 800 300 1989   90 .......................... 248,698 132,329 116,369 76,676 50,585 26,091 1,093 818 275 1990   91 .......................... 249,311 131,624 117,687 78,255 50,883 27,372 1,185 876 309 1991   92 .......................... 256,603 135,440 121,163 84,642 54,705 29,937 1,242 953 289 1992   93 .......................... 256,842 135,573 121,269 89,615 57,651 31,964 1,346 969 377 1993   94 .......................... 246,654 129,161 117,493 93,437 59,335 34,102 1,364 980 384 1994   95 .......................... 234,323 121,898 112,425 93,809 59,109 34,700 1,394 1,014 380 1995   96 .......................... 227,102 116,842 110,260 93,982 58,685 35,297 1,368 974 394 1 Includes degrees in business management/ administrative services; marketing operations marketing and distribution; and consumer and personal services. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 281.   Earned degrees in communications 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 .......................... 10,802 6,989 3,813 1,856 1,214 642 145 126 19 1971   72 .......................... 12,340 7,964 4,376 2,200 1,443 757 111 96 15 1972   73 .......................... 14,317 9,074 5,243 2,406 1,546 860 139 114 25 1973   74 .......................... 17,096 10,536 6,560 2,640 1,668 972 175 146 29 1974   75 .......................... 19,248 11,455 7,793 2,794 1,618 1,176 165 119 46 1975   76 .......................... 21,282 12,458 8,824 3,126 1,818 1,308 204 154 50 1976   77 .......................... 23,214 12,932 10,282 3,091 1,719 1,372 171 130 41 1977   78 .......................... 25,400 13,480 11,920 3,296 1,673 1,623 191 138 53 1978   79 .......................... 26,457 13,266 13,191 2,882 1,483 1,399 192 138 54 1979   80 .......................... 28,616 13,656 14,960 3,082 1,527 1,555 193 121 72 1980   81 .......................... 31,282 14,179 17,103 3,105 1,448 1,657 182 107 75 1981   82 .......................... 34,222 14,917 19,305 3,327 1,578 1,749 200 136 64 1982   83 .......................... 38,567 16,161 22,406 3,604 1,661 1,943 214 126 88 1983   84 .......................... 40,113 16,604 23,509 3,656 1,600 2,056 219 131 88 1984   85 .......................... 42,002 17,175 24,827 3,669 1,576 2,093 234 143 91 1985   86 .......................... 43,076 17,639 25,437 3,823 1,610 2,213 223 116 107 1986   87 .......................... 45,337 18,110 27,227 3,893 1,590 2,303 275 158 117 1987   88 .......................... 46,649 18,527 28,122 3,925 1,568 2,357 234 134 100 1988   89 .......................... 48,609 19,215 29,394 4,257 1,737 2,520 253 138 115 1989   90 .......................... 51,308 20,218 31,090 4,362 1,707 2,655 273 145 128 1990   91 .......................... 52,773 20,645 32,128 4,336 1,711 2,625 274 151 123 1991   92 .......................... 54,977 21,497 33,480 4,464 1,692 2,772 255 132 123 1992   93 .......................... 54,706 22,028 32,678 5,209 1,980 3,229 301 146 155 1993   94 .......................... 51,827 21,359 30,468 5,419 2,098 3,321 345 174 171 1994   95 .......................... 48,803 20,404 28,399 5,609 2,108 3,501 321 162 159 1995   96 .......................... 48,003 19,760 28,243 5,604 2,171 3,433 345 190 155 1 Includes degrees in communications, general; advertising; journalism; broadcast journalism public relations and organizational communications; radio and television broadcasting other communications; and communications technologies. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 316 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 282.   Earned degrees in computer and information sciences 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 .......................... 2,388 2,064 324 1,588 1,424 164 128 125 3 1971   72 .......................... 3,402 2,941 461 1,977 1,752 225 167 155 12 1972   73 .......................... 4,304 3,664 640 2,113 1,888 225 196 181 15 1973   74 .......................... 4,756 3,976 780 2,276 1,983 293 198 189 9 1974   75 .......................... 5,033 4,080 953 2,299 1,961 338 213 199 14 1975   76 .......................... 5,652 4,534 1,118 2,603 2,226 377 244 221 23 1976   77 .......................... 6,407 4,876 1,531 2,798 2,332 466 216 197 19 1977   78 .......................... 7,201 5,349 1,852 3,038 2,471 567 196 181 15 1978   79 .......................... 8,719 6,272 2,447 3,055 2,480 575 236 206 30 1979   80 .......................... 11,154 7,782 3,372 3,647 2,883 764 240 213 27 1980   81 .......................... 15,121 10,202 4,919 4,218 3,247 971 252 227 25 1981   82 .......................... 20,267 13,218 7,049 4,935 3,625 1,310 251 230 21 1982   83 .......................... 24,510 15,606 8,904 5,321 3,813 1,508 262 228 34 1983   84 .......................... 32,172 20,246 11,926 6,190 4,379 1,811 251 225 26 1984   85 .......................... 38,878 24,579 14,299 7,101 5,064 2,037 248 223 25 1985   86 .......................... 41,889 26,923 14,966 8,070 5,658 2,412 344 299 45 1986   87 .......................... 39,589 25,865 13,724 8,481 5,985 2,496 374 322 52 1987   88 .......................... 34,523 23,331 11,192 9,197 6,726 2,471 428 380 48 1988   89 .......................... 30,454 21,087 9,367 9,414 6,775 2,639 551 466 85 1989   90 .......................... 27,257 19,117 8,140 9,677 6,960 2,717 627 534 93 1990   91 .......................... 25,083 17,726 7,357 9,324 6,563 2,761 676 584 92 1991   92 .......................... 24,557 17,510 7,047 9,530 6,884 2,646 772 669 103 1992   93 .......................... 24,200 17,403 6,797 10,163 7,410 2,753 805 689 116 1993   94 .......................... 24,200 17,317 6,883 10,416 7,724 2,692 810 685 125 1994   95 .......................... 24,404 17,463 6,941 10,326 7,627 2,699 884 723 161 1995   96 .......................... 24,098 17,468 6,630 10,151 7,444 2,707 867 741 126 1 Includes degrees in computer and information sciences, general; computer programming data processing technology/ technician; information science and systems; computer systems analysis; and other computer and information sciences. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 283.   Earned degrees in education conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 .......................... 61,472 31,398 30,074 20,069 12,025 8,044 953 797 156 1959   60 .......................... 89,002 25,556 63,446 33,433 18,057 15,376 1,591 1,279 312 1969   70 .......................... 163,964 40,420 123,544 78,020 34,832 43,188 5,588 4,479 1,109 1970   71 .......................... 176,307 44,896 131,411 87,666 38,365 49,301 6,041 4,771 1,270 1971   72 .......................... 190,880 49,344 141,536 96,668 41,141 55,527 6,648 5,104 1,544 1972   73 .......................... 193,984 51,300 142,684 103,777 43,298 60,479 6,857 5,191 1,666 1973   74 .......................... 184,907 48,997 135,910 110,402 44,112 66,290 6,757 4,974 1,783 1974   75 .......................... 166,758 44,463 122,295 117,841 44,430 73,411 6,975 4,856 2,119 1975   76 .......................... 154,437 42,004 112,433 126,061 44,831 81,230 7,202 4,826 2,376 1976   77 .......................... 143,234 39,867 103,367 124,267 42,308 81,959 7,338 4,832 2,506 1977   78 .......................... 135,821 37,410 98,411 116,916 37,662 79,254 7,018 4,281 2,737 1978   79 .......................... 125,873 33,743 92,130 109,866 34,410 75,456 7,170 4,174 2,996 1979   80 .......................... 118,038 30,901 87,137 101,819 30,300 71,519 7,314 4,100 3,214 1980   81 .......................... 108,074 27,039 81,035 96,713 27,548 69,165 7,279 3,843 3,436 1981   82 .......................... 100,932 24,380 76,552 91,601 25,339 66,262 6,999 3,612 3,387 1982   83 .......................... 97,895 23,644 74,251 83,250 22,823 60,427 7,057 3,547 3,510 1983   84 .......................... 92,299 22,195 70,104 75,664 21,142 54,522 6,911 3,446 3,465 1984   85 .......................... 88,072 21,252 66,820 74,654 20,537 54,117 6,612 3,172 3,440 1985   86 .......................... 87,114 20,959 66,155 74,801 20,295 54,506 6,605 3,088 3,517 1986   87 .......................... 86,936 20,729 66,207 74,045 19,293 54,752 6,407 2,931 3,476 1987   88 .......................... 91,112 20,988 70,124 76,566 19,108 57,458 6,060 2,739 3,321 1988   89 .......................... 96,913 21,662 75,251 81,174 19,956 61,218 6,337 2,704 3,633 1989   90 .......................... 105,112 23,007 82,105 84,881 20,467 64,414 6,502 2,776 3,726 1990   91 .......................... 110,807 23,417 87,390 87,343 20,448 66,895 6,187 2,613 3,574 1991   92 .......................... 108,006 22,686 85,320 92,668 21,244 71,424 6,864 2,783 4,081 1992   93 .......................... 107,781 23,233 84,548 96,028 22,197 73,831 7,030 2,867 4,163 1993   94 .......................... 107,600 24,450 83,150 98,938 23,008 75,930 6,908 2,706 4,202 1994   95 .......................... 106,079 25,641 80,438 101,242 23,806 77,436 6,905 2,621 4,284 1995   96 .......................... 105,509 26,233 79,276 106,253 25,214 81,039 6,676 2,525 4,151 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 317 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 284.   Earned degrees in engineering 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 .......................... 52,246 52,071 175 4,496 4,481 15 417 416 1 1959   60 .......................... 37,679 37,537 142 7,159 7,133 26 786 783 3 1969   70 .......................... 44,479 44,149 330 15,593 15,421 172 3,681 3,657 24 1970   71 .......................... 50,046 49,646 400 16,443 16,258 185 3,638 3,615 23 1971   72 .......................... 51,164 50,638 526 16,960 16,688 272 3,671 3,649 22 1972   73 .......................... 51,265 50,652 613 16,619 16,341 278 3,492 3,438 54 1973   74 .......................... 50,286 49,490 796 15,379 15,023 356 3,312 3,257 55 1974   75 .......................... 46,852 45,838 1,014 15,348 14,973 375 3,108 3,042 66 1975   76 .......................... 46,331 44,871 1,460 16,342 15,760 582 2,821 2,755 66 1976   77 .......................... 49,283 47,065 2,218 16,245 15,525 720 2,586 2,513 73 1977   78 .......................... 55,654 51,945 3,709 16,398 15,533 865 2,440 2,383 57 1978   79 .......................... 62,375 57,201 5,174 15,495 14,544 951 2,506 2,423 83 1979   80 .......................... 68,893 62,488 6,405 16,243 15,101 1,142 2,507 2,412 95 1980   81 .......................... 75,000 67,301 7,699 16,709 15,347 1,362 2,561 2,457 104 1981   82 .......................... 80,005 70,899 9,106 17,939 16,311 1,628 2,636 2,496 140 1982   83 .......................... 89,018 78,096 10,922 19,344 17,548 1,796 2,831 2,706 125 1983   84 .......................... 94,185 82,092 12,093 20,655 18,500 2,155 2,981 2,816 165 1984   85 .......................... 95,828 83,232 12,596 21,555 19,247 2,308 3,230 3,022 208 1985   86 .......................... 95,660 83,117 12,543 21,657 19,165 2,492 3,410 3,181 229 1986   87 .......................... 92,816 80,104 12,712 22,654 19,804 2,850 3,818 3,555 263 1987   88 .......................... 88,506 76,372 12,134 23,385 20,476 2,909 4,191 3,898 293 1988   89 .......................... 85,002 73,436 11,566 24,568 21,374 3,194 4,523 4,123 400 1989   90 .......................... 81,322 70,071 11,251 24,772 21,357 3,415 4,981 4,536 445 1990   91 .......................... 78,650 67,738 10,912 24,958 21,430 3,528 5,272 4,787 485 1991   92 .......................... 77,541 66,716 10,825 25,977 22,143 3,834 5,499 4,972 527 1992   93 .......................... 78,051 66,836 11,215 28,726 24,454 4,272 5,843 5,283 560 1993   94 .......................... 78,225 66,597 11,628 29,754 25,154 4,600 5,979 5,315 664 1994   95 .......................... 78,154 65,933 12,221 29,670 24,836 4,834 6,128 5,399 729 1995   96 .......................... 77,437 64,956 12,481 28,566 23,641 4,925 6,380 5,580 800 1 Includes degrees in engineering, engineering related technologies, construction trades, and mechanics and repairers from 1969   70 through 1995   96. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 285.   Earned degrees in chemical, civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Chemical engineering Civil engineering 1 Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering Mechanical engineering Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1970   71 ............ 3,579 1,100 406 6,526 2,425 446 12,198 4,282 879 8,858 2,237 438 1971   72 ............ 3,625 1,154 394 6,803 2,487 415 12,101 4,206 824 8,530 2,282 411 1972   73 ............ 3,578 1,051 397 7,390 2,627 397 12,313 3,895 791 8,523 2,141 370 1973   74 ............ 3,399 1,044 400 8,017 2,652 368 11,316 3,499 705 7,677 1,843 385 1974   75 ............ 3,070 990 346 7,651 2,769 356 10,161 3,469 701 6,890 1,858 340 1975   76 ............ 3,140 1,031 308 7,923 2,999 370 9,791 3,774 649 6,800 1,907 305 1976   77 ............ 3,524 1,086 291 8,228 2,964 309 9,936 3,788 566 7,703 1,952 283 1977   78 ............ 4,569 1,235 259 9,135 2,685 277 11,133 3,740 503 8,875 1,942 279 1978   79 ............ 5,568 1,149 304 9,809 2,646 253 12,338 3,591 586 10,107 1,877 271 1979   80 ............ 6,320 1,270 284 10,326 2,683 270 13,821 3,836 525 11,808 2,060 281 1980   81 ............ 6,527 1,267 300 10,678 2,891 325 14,938 3,901 535 13,329 2,291 276 1981   82 ............ 6,740 1,285 311 10,524 2,995 329 16,455 4,462 526 13,922 2,399 333 1982   83 ............ 7,185 1,368 319 9,989 3,074 340 18,049 4,531 550 15,675 2,511 299 1983   84 ............ 7,475 1,514 330 9,693 3,146 369 19,943 5,078 585 16,629 2,797 319 1984   85 ............ 7,146 1,544 418 9,162 3,172 377 21,691 5,153 660 16,794 3,053 409 1985   86 ............ 5,877 1,361 446 8,679 2,926 395 23,742 5,534 722 16,194 3,075 426 1986   87 ............ 4,991 1,184 497 8,147 2,901 451 24,547 6,183 724 15,450 3,198 528 1987   88 ............ 3,917 1,088 579 7,488 2,836 481 23,597 6,688 860 14,900 3,329 596 1988   89 ............ 3,663 1,093 602 7,312 2,903 505 21,908 7,028 998 14,843 3,498 633 1989   90 ............ 3,430 1,035 562 7,252 2,812 516 20,711 7,225 1,162 14,336 3,424 742 1990   91 ............ 3,444 903 611 7,314 2,927 536 19,320 7,095 1,220 13,977 3,516 757 1991   92 ............ 3,754 956 590 8,034 3,113 540 17,958 7,360 1,282 14,067 3,653 851 1992   93 ............ 4,459 990 595 8,868 3,610 577 17,281 7,870 1,413 14,464 3,982 871 1993   94 ............ 5,163 1,032 604 9,479 3,873 651 15,823 7,791 1,470 15,030 4,099 887 1994   95 ............ 5,901 1,085 571 9,927 4,077 625 14,929 7,693 1,543 14,794 4,213 890 1995   96 ............ 6,319 1,176 670 10,607 3,905 616 13,900 7,103 1,591 14,177 3,881 940 1 From 1970   71 to 1981   82 includes `` construction and transportation engineering.''

NOTE.   Degrees in engineering related technologies are not included in this tabulation SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 318 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 286.   Earned degrees in English language and literature/ letters 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 ............... 17,240 8,221 9,019 2,259 1,320 939 230 181 49 1959   60 ............... 20,128 7,580 12,548 2,931 1,458 1,473 397 314 83 1969   70 ............... 56,410 18,650 37,760 8,517 3,326 5,191 1,213 837 376 1970   71 ............... 64,342 22,155 42,187 10,686 4,211 6,475 1,650 1,175 475 1971   72 ............... 63,976 22,657 41,319 10,579 4,123 6,456 1,826 1,233 593 1972   73 ............... 61,003 22,156 38,847 10,239 4,063 6,176 1,935 1,258 677 1973   74 ............... 54,590 20,214 34,376 9,803 3,917 5,886 1,885 1,208 677 1974   75 ............... 47,619 17,880 29,739 9,444 3,569 5,875 1,711 1,025 686 1975   76 ............... 42,006 16,073 25,933 8,809 3,383 5,426 1,672 967 705 1976   77 ............... 37,794 14,295 23,499 8,016 2,985 5,031 1,508 841 667 1977   78 ............... 35,328 13,137 22,191 7,655 2,706 4,949 1,400 758 642 1978   79 ............... 33,561 12,198 21,363 6,684 2,369 4,315 1,314 708 606 1979   80 ............... 32,541 11,380 21,161 6,189 2,233 3,956 1,294 686 608 1980   81 ............... 32,254 11,198 21,056 5,929 2,092 3,837 1,164 553 611 1981   82 ............... 33,419 11,414 22,005 5,772 1,983 3,789 1,101 511 590 1982   83 ............... 31,829 10,859 20,970 5,048 1,710 3,338 991 471 520 1983   84 ............... 32,834 11,170 21,664 5,010 1,736 3,274 1,018 459 559 1984   85 ............... 33,218 11,334 21,884 5,187 1,786 3,401 1,041 470 571 1985   86 ............... 34,552 11,819 22,733 5,518 1,881 3,637 991 428 563 1986   87 ............... 36,284 12,353 23,931 5,483 1,891 3,592 961 415 546 1987   88 ............... 38,661 12,836 25,825 5,562 1,870 3,692 981 428 553 1988   89 ............... 42,470 13,927 28,543 5,950 2,002 3,948 1,022 458 564 1989   90 ............... 47,519 15,662 31,857 6,567 2,205 4,362 1,078 480 598 1990   91 ............... 51,841 17,146 34,695 7,026 2,296 4,730 1,184 517 667 1991   92 ............... 54,951 18,536 36,415 7,450 2,513 4,937 1,273 537 736 1992   93 ............... 56,133 19,247 36,886 7,790 2,667 5,123 1,341 550 791 1993   94 ............... 53,924 18,425 35,499 7,885 2,712 5,173 1,344 568 776 1994   95 ............... 51,901 17,810 34,091 7,845 2,764 5,081 1,561 665 896 1995   96 ............... 50,698 17,253 33,445 7,893 2,814 5,079 1,535 590 945 1 Includes degrees conferred in English language and literature, general; comparative literature; English composition; English creative writing; American literature; English literature speech and rhetorical studies; English technical and business writing; and English language and literature/ letters, other. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 287.   Earned degrees in modern foreign languages and literatures 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 .......................... 4,477 1,746 2,731 919 456 463 168 135 33 1959   60 .......................... 4,527 1,548 2,979 832 392 440 150 100 50 1969   70 .......................... 19,457 4,921 14,536 4,154 1,476 2,678 590 369 221 1970   71 .......................... 19,055 4,734 14,321 4,407 1,492 2,915 703 425 278 1971   72 .......................... 18,137 4,445 13,692 4,277 1,449 2,828 753 466 287 1972   73 .......................... 18,232 4,347 13,885 3,992 1,407 2,585 889 519 370 1973   74 .......................... 18,252 4,276 13,976 3,793 1,252 2,541 875 487 388 1974   75 .......................... 17,115 3,912 13,203 3,672 1,179 2,493 829 442 387 1975   76 .......................... 15,079 3,495 11,584 3,359 1,095 2,264 830 429 401 1976   77 .......................... 13,626 3,225 10,401 2,986 886 2,100 728 347 381 1977   78 .......................... 12,448 2,938 9,510 2,653 768 1,885 626 282 344 1978   79 .......................... 11,531 2,705 8,826 2,338 685 1,653 625 287 338 1979   80 .......................... 10,816 2,583 8,233 2,152 628 1,524 522 217 305 1980   81 .......................... 10,050 2,402 7,648 2,018 657 1,361 556 259 297 1981   82 .......................... 9,576 2,278 7,298 1,913 571 1,342 495 220 275 1982   83 .......................... 9,334 2,343 6,991 1,597 528 1,069 451 183 268 1983   84 .......................... 9,152 2,399 6,753 1,640 512 1,128 424 191 233 1984   85 .......................... 9,675 2,529 7,146 1,611 503 1,108 387 156 231 1985   86 .......................... 9,808 2,685 7,123 1,655 482 1,173 426 173 253 1986   87 .......................... 9,858 2,655 7,203 1,692 491 1,201 403 162 241 1987   88 .......................... 9,790 2,628 7,162 1,795 564 1,231 380 159 221 1988   89 .......................... 10,498 2,767 7,731 1,821 552 1,269 389 145 244 1989   90 .......................... 11,092 2,902 8,190 1,931 584 1,347 475 183 292 1990   91 .......................... 11,724 3,207 8,517 1,973 595 1,378 477 200 277 1991   92 .......................... 12,367 3,390 8,977 2,119 652 1,467 537 222 315 1992   93 .......................... 12,819 3,537 9,282 2,353 744 1,609 535 210 325 1993   94 .......................... 12,785 3,672 9,113 2,343 712 1,631 578 208 370 1994   95 .......................... 12,309 3,666 8,643 2,306 688 1,618 626 250 376 1995   96 .......................... 13,020 3,916 9,104 2,443 789 1,654 636 261 375 1 Includes degrees conferred in a single language or a combination of modern foreign languages. Excludes degrees in linguistics, Latin, classical Greek, and `` other'' foreign languages. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 319 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 288.   Earned degrees in French, German, and Spanish conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year French German Spanish Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 ............... 1,471 299 53 540 121 40 2,122 373 34 1959   60 ............... 1,927 316 58 659 126 21 1,610 261 31 1969   70 ............... 7,624 1,409 181 2,652 669 118 7,226 1,372 139 1970   71 ............... 7,306 1,437 192 2,601 690 144 7,068 1,456 168 1971   72 ............... 6,822 1,421 193 2,477 608 167 6,847 1,421 152 1972   73 ............... 6,705 1,277 203 2,520 598 176 7,209 1,298 206 1973   74 ............... 6,263 1,195 213 2,425 550 149 7,250 1,217 203 1974   75 ............... 5,745 1,077 200 2,289 480 147 6,719 1,228 202 1975   76 ............... 4,783 914 190 1,983 471 164 5,984 1,080 176 1976   77 ............... 4,228 875 177 1,820 394 126 5,359 930 153 1977   78 ............... 3,708 692 155 1,647 357 101 4,832 822 113 1978   79 ............... 3,558 576 143 1,524 344 106 4,563 720 118 1979   80 ............... 3,285 513 128 1,466 309 94 4,331 685 103 1980   81 ............... 3,178 460 115 1,286 294 79 3,870 592 131 1981   82 ............... 3,054 485 92 1,327 324 76 3,633 568 140 1982   83 ............... 2,871 360 106 1,367 281 68 3,349 506 129 1983   84 ............... 2,876 418 86 1,292 241 63 3,254 537 102 1984   85 ............... 2,991 385 74 1,411 240 58 3,415 505 115 1985   86 ............... 3,015 409 86 1,396 249 73 3,385 521 95 1986   87 ............... 3,062 421 85 1,366 234 70 3,450 504 104 1987   88 ............... 3,082 437 89 1,350 244 71 3,416 553 93 1988   89 ............... 3,297 444 83 1,428 263 59 3,748 552 101 1989   90 ............... 3,259 478 115 1,437 253 67 4,176 573 108 1990   91 ............... 3,355 480 98 1,543 242 58 4,480 609 125 1991   92 ............... 3,371 465 112 1,616 273 85 4,768 647 143 1992   93 ............... 3,280 513 98 1,572 317 86 5,233 667 145 1993   94 ............... 3,094 479 104 1,580 298 61 5,505 691 160 1994   95 ............... 2,764 470 118 1,352 278 83 5,602 709 161 1995   96 ............... 2,655 446 113 1,290 305 75 5,995 769 151 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 289.   Earned degrees in the health professions and related sciences 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 ............... 25,226 5,788 19,438 5,749 2,567 3,182 466 389 77 1971   72 ............... 28,611 7,005 21,606 7,207 3,141 4,066 442 362 80 1972   73 ............... 33,564 7,754 25,810 8,362 3,567 4,795 646 485 161 1973   74 ............... 41,459 9,388 32,071 9,599 3,819 5,780 578 447 131 1974   75 ............... 49,090 10,930 38,160 10,692 4,092 6,600 618 441 177 1975   76 ............... 53,958 11,456 42,502 12,556 4,217 8,339 577 411 166 1976   77 ............... 57,328 11,947 45,381 12,951 4,163 8,788 538 366 172 1977   78 ............... 59,434 11,593 47,841 14,325 4,265 10,060 654 402 252 1978   79 ............... 62,085 11,205 50,880 15,485 4,494 10,991 718 454 264 1979   80 ............... 63,920 11,391 52,529 15,704 4,357 11,347 786 435 351 1980   81 ............... 63,649 10,519 53,130 16,515 4,316 12,199 842 475 367 1981   82 ............... 63,653 10,105 53,548 16,503 4,006 12,497 925 503 422 1982   83 ............... 64,685 10,218 54,467 17,047 4,235 12,812 1,155 649 506 1983   84 ............... 64,288 10,040 54,248 17,411 4,251 13,160 1,164 574 590 1984   85 ............... 64,422 9,741 54,681 17,385 4,119 13,266 1,199 565 634 1985   86 ............... 64,396 9,630 54,766 18,573 4,428 14,145 1,241 604 637 1986   87 ............... 63,103 9,134 53,969 18,394 3,874 14,520 1,213 564 649 1987   88 ............... 60,644 8,929 51,715 18,657 4,047 14,610 1,261 548 713 1988   89 ............... 59,005 8,872 50,133 19,268 4,226 15,042 1,437 609 828 1989   90 ............... 58,302 9,118 49,184 20,321 4,534 15,787 1,536 704 832 1990   91 ............... 59,070 9,596 49,474 21,200 4,444 16,756 1,613 694 919 1991   92 ............... 61,720 10,189 51,531 23,065 4,691 18,374 1,661 698 963 1992   93 ............... 67,089 11,347 55,742 25,718 5,227 20,491 1,767 753 1,014 1993   94 ............... 74,421 13,062 61,359 28,025 5,814 22,211 1,902 789 1,113 1994   95 ............... 79,855 14,443 65,412 31,243 6,754 24,489 2,069 867 1,202 1995   96 ............... 84,036 15,432 68,604 33,398 7,021 26,377 2,119 919 1,200 1 Includes degrees in chiropractic; communication disorders sciences; community health liaison; dentistry; dental services; health services administration; health and medical assistants; health and medical diagnostic and treatment services; medical laboratory technologies; predentistry; premedicine; prepharmacy; preveterinary; medical basic sciences; mental health services; nursing; optometry; pharmacy; epidemiology; rehabilitation and therapeutic services; veterinary medicine; and other health professions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 320 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 290.   Earned degrees in mathematics 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 .......................... 6,382 4,942 1,440 974 784 190 160 151 9 1959   60 .......................... 11,399 8,293 3,106 1,757 1,422 335 303 285 18 1969   70 .......................... 27,442 17,177 10,265 5,636 3,966 1,670 1,236 1,140 96 1970   71 .......................... 24,937 15,498 9,439 5,695 4,149 1,546 1,249 1,154 95 1971   72 .......................... 23,807 14,542 9,265 5,537 3,976 1,561 1,165 1,075 90 1972   73 .......................... 23,186 13,910 9,276 5,397 3,878 1,519 1,089 987 102 1973   74 .......................... 21,761 12,912 8,849 5,306 3,784 1,522 1,093 992 101 1974   75 .......................... 18,460 10,853 7,607 4,816 3,358 1,458 1,048 936 112 1975   76 .......................... 16,329 9,788 6,541 4,315 2,961 1,354 909 812 97 1976   77 .......................... 14,395 8,476 5,919 4,109 2,762 1,347 859 748 111 1977   78 .......................... 13,065 7,806 5,259 3,862 2,635 1,227 848 722 126 1978   79 .......................... 12,329 7,301 5,028 3,553 2,412 1,141 769 644 125 1979   80 .......................... 11,872 6,951 4,921 3,382 2,262 1,120 763 659 104 1980   81 .......................... 11,433 6,614 4,819 3,074 2,106 968 775 656 119 1981   82 .......................... 12,226 6,999 5,227 3,263 2,257 1,006 721 623 98 1982   83 .......................... 12,719 7,175 5,544 3,398 2,316 1,082 731 611 120 1983   84 .......................... 13,764 7,716 6,048 3,244 2,178 1,066 743 614 129 1984   85 .......................... 15,861 8,537 7,324 3,413 2,289 1,124 734 620 114 1985   86 .......................... 17,147 9,216 7,931 3,607 2,397 1,210 777 648 129 1986   87 .......................... 16,999 9,110 7,889 3,730 2,328 1,402 759 628 131 1987   88 .......................... 16,608 8,919 7,689 3,867 2,391 1,476 796 668 128 1988   89 .......................... 15,994 8,662 7,332 3,903 2,418 1,485 915 737 178 1989   90 .......................... 15,176 8,236 6,940 4,146 2,568 1,578 966 794 172 1990   91 .......................... 15,310 8,178 7,132 4,041 2,446 1,595 1,036 837 199 1991   92 .......................... 14,783 7,888 6,895 4,011 2,452 1,559 1,082 851 231 1992   93 .......................... 14,812 7,827 6,985 4,067 2,455 1,612 1,189 906 283 1993   94 .......................... 14,396 7,735 6,661 4,100 2,536 1,564 1,157 904 253 1994   95 .......................... 13,723 7,295 6,428 4,181 2,543 1,638 1,226 955 271 1995   96 .......................... 13,143 7,134 6,009 4,031 2,465 1,566 1,209 962 247 1 Includes degrees conferred in statistics. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 291.   Earned degrees in the physical sciences 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1959   60 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1959   60 .......................... 16,007 14,013 1,994 3,376 3,049 327 1,838 1,776 62 1969   70 .......................... 21,439 18,522 2,917 5,935 5,093 842 4,312 4,077 235 1970   71 .......................... 21,412 18,459 2,953 6,367 5,521 846 4,390 4,144 246 1971   72 .......................... 20,745 17,663 3,082 6,287 5,404 883 4,103 3,830 273 1972   73 .......................... 20,696 17,626 3,070 6,257 5,414 843 4,006 3,738 268 1973   74 .......................... 21,178 17,674 3,504 6,062 5,186 876 3,626 3,373 253 1974   75 .......................... 20,778 16,992 3,786 5,807 4,969 838 3,626 3,325 301 1975   76 .......................... 21,465 17,353 4,112 5,466 4,648 818 3,431 3,132 299 1976   77 .......................... 22,497 17,996 4,501 5,331 4,450 881 3,341 3,022 319 1977   78 .......................... 22,986 18,090 4,896 5,561 4,620 941 3,133 2,821 312 1978   79 .......................... 23,207 17,985 5,222 5,451 4,461 990 3,102 2,752 350 1979   80 .......................... 23,410 17,864 5,546 5,219 4,248 971 3,089 2,705 384 1980   81 .......................... 23,952 18,064 5,888 5,284 4,200 1,084 3,141 2,765 376 1981   82 .......................... 24,052 17,866 6,186 5,514 4,318 1,196 3,286 2,835 451 1982   83 .......................... 23,381 16,993 6,388 5,290 4,157 1,133 3,269 2,811 458 1983   84 .......................... 23,651 17,116 6,535 5,576 4,268 1,308 3,306 2,815 491 1984   85 .......................... 23,704 17,069 6,635 5,796 4,452 1,344 3,403 2,851 552 1985   86 .......................... 21,717 15,755 5,962 5,902 4,470 1,432 3,551 2,963 588 1986   87 .......................... 20,070 14,372 5,698 5,629 4,219 1,410 3,673 3,039 634 1987   88 .......................... 17,806 12,389 5,417 5,733 4,324 1,409 3,809 3,123 686 1988   89 .......................... 17,186 12,077 5,109 5,723 4,199 1,524 3,858 3,088 770 1989   90 .......................... 16,066 11,031 5,035 5,449 4,010 1,439 4,164 3,356 808 1990   91 .......................... 16,344 11,176 5,168 5,309 3,837 1,472 4,290 3,447 843 1991   92 .......................... 16,960 11,431 5,529 5,374 3,909 1,465 4,391 3,429 962 1992   93 .......................... 17,545 11,825 5,720 5,366 3,808 1,558 4,393 3,432 961 1993   94 .......................... 18,400 12,223 6,177 5,679 4,018 1,661 4,650 3,642 1,008 1994   95 .......................... 19,177 12,497 6,680 5,753 4,013 1,740 4,483 3,428 1,055 1995   96 .......................... 19,647 12,578 7,069 5,847 3,966 1,881 4,571 3,515 1,056 1 Includes degrees in physical sciences, general; astronomy; astrophysics; atmospheric science and meteorology; chemistry; geology; miscellaneous physical sciences; physics; science technologies; and other physical sciences. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 321 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 292.   Earned degrees in chemistry, geology, and physics conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Chemistry Geology 1 Physics Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 .......................... 11,063 2,275 2,159 2,414 651 324 5,071 2,188 1,482 1971   72 .......................... 10,590 2,248 1,971 2,573 841 310 4,634 2,033 1,344 1972   73 .......................... 10,128 2,225 1,872 2,923 827 305 4,259 1,747 1,338 1973   74 .......................... 10,438 2,125 1,823 3,253 938 315 3,952 1,655 1,115 1974   75 .......................... 10,549 1,986 1,822 3,319 932 292 3,706 1,574 1,080 1975   76 .......................... 11,022 1,783 1,621 3,358 1,003 313 3,544 1,451 997 1976   77 .......................... 11,215 1,767 1,568 3,879 1,047 325 3,420 1,319 945 1977   78 .......................... 11,315 1,886 1,521 4,342 1,239 268 3,330 1,294 873 1978   79 .......................... 11,509 1,757 1,516 4,502 1,300 286 3,337 1,319 918 1979   80 .......................... 11,232 1,723 1,545 4,597 1,295 313 3,396 1,192 830 1980   81 .......................... 11,347 1,654 1,622 5,202 1,396 294 3,441 1,294 866 1981   82 .......................... 11,062 1,751 1,722 5,538 1,540 282 3,472 1,284 873 1982   83 .......................... 10,796 1,622 1,746 6,102 1,552 295 3,793 1,369 873 1983   84 .......................... 10,704 1,667 1,744 6,549 1,514 315 3,907 1,532 953 1984   85 .......................... 10,482 1,719 1,789 6,308 1,692 289 4,097 1,523 951 1985   86 .......................... 10,116 1,754 1,908 4,974 1,767 271 4,180 1,501 1,010 1986   87 .......................... 9,670 1,738 1,976 3,665 1,603 280 4,318 1,543 1,074 1987   88 .......................... 9,052 1,708 1,995 2,551 1,523 350 4,100 1,675 1,093 1988   89 .......................... 8,625 1,774 2,037 2,252 1,404 358 4,352 1,736 1,112 1989   90 .......................... 8,132 1,682 2,183 1,767 1,200 414 4,155 1,831 1,192 1990   91 .......................... 8,321 1,665 2,238 1,784 1,089 446 4,236 1,725 1,209 1991   92 .......................... 8,641 1,780 2,280 2,078 990 413 4,098 1,834 1,337 1992   93 .......................... 8,914 1,842 2,261 2,299 925 406 4,063 1,777 1,277 1993   94 .......................... 9,425 1,999 2,353 2,677 937 422 4,001 1,945 1,465 1994   95 .......................... 9,722 2,099 2,273 3,118 993 398 3,823 1,817 1,424 1995   96 .......................... 10,415 2,254 2,287 3,190 991 372 3,679 1,678 1,462 1 Includes geology, geochemistry, and geophysics and seismology. Beginning in 1982   83, also includes other geological sciences. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 293.   Earned degrees in psychology conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by sex of student: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1949   50 .......................... 9,569 6,055 3,514 1,316 948 368 283 241 42 1959   60 .......................... 8,061 4,773 3,288 1,406 981 425 641 544 97 1969   70 .......................... 33,679 19,077 14,602 5,158 2,975 2,183 1,962 1,505 457 1970   71 .......................... 38,187 21,227 16,960 5,717 3,395 2,322 2,144 1,629 515 1971   72 .......................... 43,433 23,352 20,081 6,764 3,934 2,830 2,277 1,694 583 1972   73 .......................... 47,940 25,117 22,823 7,619 4,325 3,294 2,550 1,797 753 1973   74 .......................... 52,139 25,868 26,271 8,796 4,983 3,813 2,872 1,987 885 1974   75 .......................... 51,245 24,284 26,961 9,394 5,035 4,359 2,913 1,979 934 1975   76 .......................... 50,278 22,898 27,380 10,167 5,136 5,031 3,157 2,115 1,042 1976   77 .......................... 47,861 20,627 27,234 10,859 5,293 5,566 3,386 2,127 1,259 1977   78 .......................... 44,879 18,422 26,457 10,282 4,670 5,612 3,164 1,974 1,190 1978   79 .......................... 42,697 16,540 26,157 10,132 4,405 5,727 3,228 1,895 1,333 1979   80 .......................... 42,093 15,440 26,653 9,938 4,096 5,842 3,395 1,921 1,474 1980   81 .......................... 41,068 14,332 26,736 10,223 4,066 6,157 3,576 2,002 1,574 1981   82 .......................... 41,212 13,645 27,567 9,947 3,823 6,124 3,461 1,856 1,605 1982   83 .......................... 40,460 13,131 27,329 9,981 3,647 6,334 3,602 1,838 1,764 1983   84 .......................... 39,955 12,812 27,143 9,525 3,400 6,125 3,535 1,774 1,761 1984   85 .......................... 39,900 12,706 27,194 9,891 3,452 6,439 3,447 1,739 1,708 1985   86 .......................... 40,628 12,605 28,023 9,845 3,347 6,498 3,593 1,724 1,869 1986   87 .......................... 42,994 13,362 29,632 9,562 3,172 6,390 3,560 1,615 1,945 1987   88 .......................... 45,187 13,538 31,649 9,180 2,923 6,257 3,480 1,573 1,907 1988   89 .......................... 48,910 14,246 34,664 9,940 3,122 6,818 3,685 1,590 2,095 1989   90 .......................... 53,952 15,336 38,616 10,730 3,377 7,353 3,811 1,566 2,245 1990   91 .......................... 58,655 16,067 42,588 11,349 3,329 8,020 3,932 1,520 2,412 1991   92 .......................... 63,513 17,031 46,482 10,215 2,988 7,227 3,373 1,359 2,014 1992   93 .......................... 66,728 17,908 48,820 10,957 3,029 7,928 3,651 1,415 2,236 1993   94 .......................... 69,259 18,642 50,617 12,181 3,401 8,780 3,563 1,346 2,217 1994   95 .......................... 72,083 19,548 52,535 13,921 3,893 10,028 3,822 1,431 2,391 1995   96 .......................... 73,291 19,817 53,474 13,792 3,813 9,979 3,711 1,259 2,452 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 322 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 294.   Earned degrees in public administration and services 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 ............... 5,466 1,726 3,740 7,785 3,893 3,892 174 132 42 1971   72 ............... 7,508 2,588 4,920 8,756 4,537 4,219 193 150 43 1972   73 ............... 10,690 3,998 6,692 10,068 5,271 4,797 198 160 38 1973   74 ............... 11,966 4,266 7,700 11,415 6,028 5,387 201 154 47 1974   75 ............... 13,661 4,630 9,031 13,617 7,200 6,417 257 192 65 1975   76 ............... 15,440 5,706 9,734 15,209 7,969 7,240 292 192 100 1976   77 ............... 16,136 5,544 10,592 17,026 8,810 8,216 292 197 95 1977   78 ............... 16,607 5,096 11,511 17,337 8,513 8,824 357 237 120 1978   79 ............... 17,328 4,938 12,390 17,306 8,051 9,255 315 215 100 1979   80 ............... 16,644 4,451 12,193 17,560 7,866 9,694 342 216 126 1980   81 ............... 16,707 4,248 12,459 17,803 7,460 10,343 362 212 150 1981   82 ............... 16,495 4,176 12,319 17,416 6,975 10,441 372 205 167 1982   83 ............... 14,414 3,343 11,071 16,046 5,961 10,085 347 184 163 1983   84 ............... 12,570 2,998 9,572 15,060 5,634 9,426 420 230 190 1984   85 ............... 11,754 2,829 8,925 15,575 5,573 10,002 431 213 218 1985   86 ............... 11,887 2,966 8,921 15,692 5,594 10,098 382 171 211 1986   87 ............... 12,328 2,993 9,335 16,432 5,673 10,759 398 216 182 1987   88 ............... 12,385 2,923 9,462 16,424 5,631 10,793 470 238 232 1988   89 ............... 13,162 3,214 9,948 17,020 5,615 11,405 428 210 218 1989   90 ............... 13,908 3,334 10,574 17,399 5,634 11,765 508 235 273 1990   91 ............... 14,350 3,215 11,135 17,905 5,679 12,226 430 190 240 1991   92 ............... 15,987 3,479 12,508 19,243 5,769 13,474 432 204 228 1992   93 ............... 16,775 3,801 12,974 20,634 6,105 14,529 459 215 244 1993   94 ............... 17,815 3,919 13,896 21,833 6,406 15,427 519 238 281 1994   95 ............... 18,586 3,935 14,651 23,501 6,870 16,631 556 274 282 1995   96 ............... 19,849 4,205 15,644 24,229 6,927 17,302 499 220 279 1 Includes degrees in public administration; community organization, resources and services; public policy analysis; social work; and public affairs, other. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 295.   Earned degrees in the social sciences and history 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 ............... 155,324 98,173 57,151 16,539 11,833 4,706 3,660 3,153 507 1971   72 ............... 158,060 100,895 57,165 17,445 12,540 4,905 4,081 3,483 598 1972   73 ............... 155,970 99,735 56,235 17,477 12,605 4,872 4,234 3,573 661 1973   74 ............... 150,320 95,650 54,670 17,293 12,321 4,972 4,124 3,383 741 1974   75 ............... 135,190 84,826 50,364 16,977 11,875 5,102 4,212 3,334 878 1975   76 ............... 126,396 78,691 47,705 15,953 10,918 5,035 4,157 3,262 895 1976   77 ............... 117,040 71,128 45,912 15,533 10,413 5,120 3,802 2,957 845 1977   78 ............... 112,952 67,217 45,735 14,718 9,845 4,873 3,594 2,722 872 1978   79 ............... 108,059 62,852 45,207 12,963 8,395 4,568 3,371 2,501 870 1979   80 ............... 103,662 58,511 45,151 12,176 7,794 4,382 3,230 2,357 873 1980   81 ............... 100,513 56,131 44,382 11,945 7,457 4,488 3,122 2,274 848 1981   82 ............... 99,705 55,196 44,509 12,002 7,468 4,534 3,061 2,237 824 1982   83 ............... 95,228 52,771 42,457 11,205 6,974 4,231 2,931 2,042 889 1983   84 ............... 93,323 52,154 41,169 10,577 6,551 4,026 2,911 2,030 881 1984   85 ............... 91,570 51,226 40,344 10,503 6,475 4,028 2,851 1,933 918 1985   86 ............... 93,840 52,724 41,116 10,564 6,419 4,145 2,955 1,970 985 1986   87 ............... 96,342 53,949 42,393 10,506 6,373 4,133 2,916 2,026 890 1987   88 ............... 100,460 56,377 44,083 10,412 6,310 4,102 2,781 1,849 932 1988   89 ............... 108,151 60,121 48,030 11,023 6,599 4,424 2,885 1,949 936 1989   90 ............... 118,083 65,887 52,196 11,634 6,898 4,736 3,010 2,019 991 1990   91 ............... 125,107 68,701 56,406 12,233 7,016 5,217 3,012 1,956 1,056 1991   92 ............... 133,974 73,001 60,973 12,702 7,237 5,465 3,218 2,126 1,092 1992   93 ............... 135,703 73,589 62,114 13,471 7,671 5,800 3,460 2,203 1,257 1993   94 ............... 133,680 72,006 61,674 14,561 8,152 6,409 3,627 2,317 1,310 1994   95 ............... 128,154 68,139 60,015 14,845 8,207 6,638 3,725 2,319 1,406 1995   96 ............... 126,479 65,872 60,607 15,012 8,093 6,919 3,760 2,339 1,421 1 Includes degrees in social sciences, general; anthropology; archeology; criminology; demography and population studies; economics; geography; history; international relations and affairs; political science and government; sociology; urban affairs/ studies; and social sciences and history, other. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 323 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 296.   Earned degrees in economics, history, political science and government, and sociology conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year Economics History Political science and government 1 Sociology Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's Bachelor's Master's Doctor's 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1949   50 .................... 14,568 921 200 13,542 1,801 275 6,336 710 127 7,870 552 98 1955   56 .................... 6,555 581 232 10,510 1,114 259 5,633 509 203 5,878 402 170 1959   60 .................... 7,453 708 237 14,737 1,794 342 6,596 722 201 7,147 440 161 1961   62 .................... 8,366 853 268 17,340 2,163 343 8,326 839 214 8,120 578 173 1963   64 .................... 10,583 1,104 385 23,668 2,705 507 12,126 1,163 263 10,943 646 198 1965   66 .................... 11,555 1,522 458 28,612 3,883 599 15,242 1,429 336 15,038 981 244 1967   68 .................... 15,193 1,916 600 35,291 4,845 688 20,387 1,937 457 21,710 1,193 367 1969   70 .................... 17,197 1,988 794 43,386 5,049 1,038 25,713 2,105 525 30,436 1,813 534 1970   71 .................... 15,758 1,995 721 44,663 5,157 991 27,482 2,318 700 33,263 1,808 574 1971   72 .................... 15,231 2,224 794 43,695 5,217 1,133 28,135 2,451 758 35,216 1,944 636 1972   73 .................... 14,770 2,225 845 40,943 5,030 1,140 30,100 2,398 747 35,436 1,923 583 1973   74 .................... 14,285 2,141 788 37,049 4,533 1,114 30,744 2,448 766 35,491 2,196 632 1974   75 .................... 14,046 2,127 815 31,470 4,226 1,117 29,126 2,333 680 31,488 2,112 693 1975   76 .................... 14,741 2,087 763 28,400 3,658 1,014 28,302 2,191 723 27,634 2,009 729 1976   77 .................... 15,296 2,158 758 25,433 3,393 921 26,411 2,222 641 24,713 1,830 714 1977   78 .................... 15,661 1,995 706 23,004 3,033 813 26,069 2,069 636 22,750 1,611 599 1978   79 .................... 16,409 1,955 712 21,019 2,536 756 25,628 2,037 563 20,285 1,415 612 1979   80 .................... 17,863 1,821 677 19,301 2,367 712 25,457 1,938 535 18,881 1,341 583 1980   81 .................... 18,753 1,911 727 18,301 2,237 643 24,977 1,875 484 17,272 1,240 610 1981   82 .................... 19,876 1,964 677 17,146 2,210 636 25,658 1,954 513 16,042 1,145 558 1982   83 .................... 20,517 1,972 734 16,467 2,041 575 25,791 1,829 435 14,105 1,112 522 1983   84 .................... 20,719 1,891 729 16,643 1,940 561 25,719 1,769 457 13,145 1,008 520 1984   85 .................... 20,711 1,992 749 16,049 1,921 468 25,834 1,500 441 11,968 1,022 480 1985   86 .................... 21,602 1,937 789 16,415 1,961 497 26,439 1,704 439 12,271 965 504 1986   87 .................... 22,378 1,855 750 16,997 2,021 534 26,817 1,618 435 12,239 950 451 1987   88 .................... 22,911 1,847 770 18,207 2,093 517 27,207 1,579 391 13,024 984 452 1988   89 .................... 23,454 1,886 827 20,159 2,121 487 30,450 1,598 452 14,435 1,135 451 1989   90 .................... 23,923 1,950 806 22,476 2,369 570 33,560 1,580 480 16,035 1,198 432 1990   91 .................... 23,488 1,951 802 24,541 2,591 606 35,737 1,772 468 17,550 1,260 465 1991   92 .................... 23,423 2,106 866 26,966 2,754 644 37,805 1,908 535 19,568 1,347 501 1992   93 .................... 21,321 2,292 879 27,774 2,952 690 37,931 1,943 529 20,896 1,521 536 1993   94 .................... 19,496 2,521 869 27,503 3,009 752 36,097 2,147 616 22,368 1,639 530 1994   95 .................... 17,673 2,400 910 26,598 3,091 816 33,013 2,019 637 22,886 1,748 546 1995   96 .................... 16,674 2,533 916 26,005 2,898 805 30,775 2,024 634 24,071 1,772 527 1 Excludes degrees in public administration and international relations. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.)

Table 297.   Earned degrees in visual and performing arts 1 conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Year Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1970   71 .......................... 30,394 12,256 18,138 6,675 3,510 3,165 621 483 138 1971   72 .......................... 33,831 13,580 20,251 7,537 4,049 3,488 572 428 144 1972   73 .......................... 36,017 14,267 21,750 7,254 4,005 3,249 616 449 167 1973   74 .......................... 39,730 15,821 23,909 8,001 4,325 3,676 585 440 145 1974   75 .......................... 40,782 15,532 25,250 8,362 4,448 3,914 649 446 203 1975   76 .......................... 42,138 16,491 25,647 8,817 4,507 4,310 620 447 173 1976   77 .......................... 41,793 16,166 25,627 8,636 4,211 4,425 662 447 215 1977   78 .......................... 40,951 15,572 25,379 9,036 4,327 4,709 708 448 260 1978   79 .......................... 40,969 15,380 25,589 8,524 3,933 4,591 700 454 246 1979   80 .......................... 40,892 15,065 25,827 8,708 4,067 4,641 655 413 242 1980   81 .......................... 40,479 14,798 25,681 8,629 4,056 4,573 654 396 258 1981   82 .......................... 40,422 14,819 25,603 8,746 3,866 4,880 670 380 290 1982   83 .......................... 39,794 14,690 25,104 8,763 4,013 4,750 692 404 288 1983   84 .......................... 40,131 15,089 25,042 8,526 3,897 4,629 730 406 324 1984   85 .......................... 38,140 14,462 23,678 8,718 3,894 4,824 696 407 289 1985   86 .......................... 37,241 14,236 23,005 8,420 3,775 4,645 722 396 326 1986   87 .......................... 36,615 13,751 22,864 8,508 3,756 4,752 793 447 346 1987   88 .......................... 36,944 14,068 22,876 7,939 3,442 4,497 727 424 303 1988   89 .......................... 38,227 14,539 23,688 8,267 3,611 4,656 753 446 307 1989   90 .......................... 39,934 15,189 24,745 8,481 3,706 4,775 849 472 377 1990   91 .......................... 42,186 15,761 26,425 8,657 3,830 4,827 838 466 372 1991   92 .......................... 46,522 17,616 28,906 9,353 4,078 5,275 906 504 402 1992   93 .......................... 47,761 18,610 29,151 9,440 4,099 5,341 882 478 404 1993   94 .......................... 49,053 19,538 29,515 9,925 4,229 5,696 1,054 585 469 1994   95 .......................... 48,690 19,781 28,909 10,277 4,374 5,903 1,080 545 535 1995   96 .......................... 49,296 20,126 29,170 10,280 4,361 5,919 1,067 524 543 1 Prior to 1982   83: Includes visual and performing arts, general; crafts, folk art, and artisanry; dance; design and applied art; theatre arts; film and photographic arts; fine arts; graphic arts technology; music; and precision production. From 1982   83: Includes visual and performing arts, general; crafts, folk art, and artisanry; dance; design and applied art; theatre arts and stagecraft; film/ video and photographic arts; fine arts and art studies; music; and visual and performing arts, other. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 324 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 298.   Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees, 1 by field of study: 1995   96 Item All fields Field of study Education Engineering Humanities Life sciences Physical sciences 2 Business and management Social sciences and psychology Other professional fields Total Mathematics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Doctor's degrees conferred ( number) ..... 42,415 6,772 6,305 5,116 8,255 6,675 1,122 1,276 6,814 1,163 Sex ( percent) Men ............................................................. 60.0 38.3 87.7 50.3 56.5 79.3 79.4 70.2 48.4 52.4 Women ....................................................... 40.0 61.7 12.3 49.7 43.5 20.7 20.6 29.8 51.6 47.6 Racial/ ethnic group ( percent) 3 American Indian .......................................... 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.7 Asian ........................................................... 11.9 3.1 26.8 5.1 17.9 19.8 22.0 10.7 6.4 5.3 Black ........................................................... 4.7 10.1 2.2 3.1 2.9 2.0 1.3 4.4 5.0 7.7 Hispanic ...................................................... 3.5 3.6 2.9 4.3 3.1 2.6 1.6 2.6 4.6 3.7 White ........................................................... 79.3 82.2 67.6 87.0 75.5 75.3 75.0 82.0 83.3 82.7 Citizenship ( percent) United States .............................................. 65.4 86.6 41.1 77.4 60.7 51.6 43.5 62.9 76.2 72.8 Non U. S., permanent visa .......................... 8.9 2.9 12.6 6.9 12.3 12.6 14.1 7.4 5.9 5.8 Non U. S., temporary visa ........................... 22.7 7.0 43.1 12.7 24.7 32.4 39.3 26.5 14.8 18.4 Unknown ..................................................... 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.2 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.0 Median age at doctorate ( years) ..................... 33.8 44.3 31.7 35.2 32.5 31.1 30.9 36.4 33.7 39.6 Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as doctorate .............................. 54.8 36.1 80.2 55.8 49.2 65.6 69.7 35.1 53.4 30.3 Median time lapse from bachelor's to doctorate ( years) Total time .................................................... 10.8 20.2 9.0 11.8 9.6 8.3 8.3 12.7 10.3 15.5 Registered time .......................................... 7.2 8.2 6.4 8.3 7.0 6.7 6.7 7.3 7.4 8.0 Postdoctoral plans ( percent) Postdoctoral study plans ............................ 26.1 3.4 21.9 7.6 57.8 42.6 30.0 3.4 19.5 5.1 Fellowship ............................................... 13.0 1.2 7.0 4.2 32.8 18.3 14.8 1.2 12.1 2.3 Research associateship .......................... 9.9 1.1 13.0 0.9 18.0 21.8 10.1 1.2 4.2 0.9 Traineeship ............................................. 1.0 0.4 0.9 0.4 1.6 0.9 2.4 0.2 1.5 0.8 Other ....................................................... 2.2 0.8 1.0 2.1 5.4 1.6 2.8 0.9 1.7 1.0 Postdoctoral employment ........................... 65.1 86.3 69.6 83.5 35.3 48.7 61.2 86.1 70.8 86.8 Educational institution 4 ........................... 36.3 67.8 13.3 65.9 17.1 17.2 38.0 64.7 37.4 54.9 Industry, business ................................... 16.7 6.1 46.0 5.4 8.5 24.7 16.9 15.3 12.1 10.2 Government ............................................ 4.7 5.2 6.3 1.1 4.9 3.0 2.1 2.4 7.0 5.0 Nonprofit organization ............................. 3.5 3.8 1.0 5.1 2.1 0.7 0.5 1.1 7.6 11.6 Other and unknown ................................ 4.0 3.5 3.0 6.0 2.7 3.0 3.7 2.5 6.7 5.0 Postdoctoral plans unknown ...................... 8.8 10.3 8.4 8.9 6.9 8.7 8.7 10.6 9.8 8.2 Definite postdoctoral study ......................... 18.0 1.8 12.9 4.0 42.4 30.6 19.3 1.8 13.3 2.8 Seeking postdoctoral study ........................ 8.0 1.6 9.0 3.6 15.4 12.0 10.7 1.6 6.2 2.3 Definite employment ................................... 43.2 64.1 44.7 49.5 22.8 30.9 37.7 64.5 45.8 62.3 Seeking employment .................................. 21.9 22.2 24.9 34.0 12.5 17.7 23.5 21.6 25.0 24.4 Primary postdoctoral activity ( percent) 5 Research and development ....................... 29.4 5.6 69.5 6.9 42.5 55.0 34.8 27.9 25.1 9.0 Teaching ..................................................... 37.7 38.1 11.9 73.9 31.4 27.2 48.0 52.9 34.2 54.9 Administration ............................................. 12.9 39.3 2.0 4.7 6.7 2.4 1.4 6.0 5.7 11.3 Professional services .................................. 13.0 11.2 9.4 6.3 12.3 8.7 8.5 6.0 28.1 16.7 Other ........................................................... 3.6 2.3 4.2 4.4 3.7 3.4 2.8 3.8 3.4 5.1 Activity unknown ......................................... 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.8 3.3 3.3 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.0 Region of employment after doctorate ( percent) 5 New England .............................................. 6.0 4.4 5.7 8.2 5.3 6.8 8.5 8.1 6.4 5.2 Middle Atlantic ............................................ 13.5 12.2 14.0 13.9 10.6 15.2 14.4 11.7 15.3 14.3 East North Central ...................................... 13.5 14.7 12.9 14.4 12.1 13.3 14.2 13.2 13.0 11.7 West North Central ..................................... 6.9 9.1 3.8 8.6 6.8 5.8 8.3 5.8 5.9 7.7 South Atlantic ............................................. 15.7 18.7 10.6 15.1 17.0 14.1 13.7 16.3 17.2 13.2 East South Central ..................................... 4.5 6.7 2.1 4.8 4.9 2.9 4.5 5.2 3.9 5.1 West South Central .................................... 8.5 9.9 9.0 7.9 6.9 7.0 6.4 10.3 7.8 10.9 Mountain ..................................................... 5.7 6.7 5.6 4.9 5.0 5.7 5.7 4.5 6.0 5.7 Pacific and insular ...................................... 13.0 10.8 21.1 11.1 11.0 17.5 12.3 9.5 10.9 7.9 U. S., region unknown ................................. 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.5 1.2 1.4 Foreign ........................................................ 11.4 5.5 14.0 9.4 19.2 10.6 10.9 14.8 12.2 16.6 Region unknown ......................................... 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.1 0.3 1 Includes Ph. D., Ed. D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes firstprofessional degrees, such as M. D., D. D. S., and D. V. M. 2 Includes mathematics, computer science, physics, astronomy, chemistry, and earth, atmospheric, and marine sciences. 3 Distribution by race/ ethnicity based on U. S. citizens and those with permanent visas only. 4 Includes 2   year, 4   year, and foreign colleges and universities, medical schools, and elementary/ secondary schools. 5 Includes only recipients with definite employment plans.

NOTE.   The above classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES). The major differences are that history is included under humanities rather than social sciences and that psychology is included under social sciences. The number of degrees also differs slightly from that reported in the NCES `` Completions'' survey. The above tabulation excludes some non research doctorate degrees such as doctor's degrees in theology. Total includes a small number of graduates not reported by field of study. Because of rounding percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Summary Report 1996: Doctorate Recipients from United States Universities. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 325 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 299.   Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in education: 1979   80 to 1995   96 Item 1979   80 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of doctorates 7,576 7,489 6,780 6,717 6,649 6,454 6,362 6,281 6,510 6,454 6,677 6,689 6,708 6,649 6,772 Sex ( percent) Men ............................. 55.5 52.8 49.0 48.2 45.6 44.9 44.8 42.5 42.4 41.9 40.5 41.3 39.1 38.4 38.3 Women ........................ 44.5 47.2 51.0 51.8 54.4 55.1 55.2 57.5 57.6 58.1 59.5 58.7 60.9 61.6 61.7 Racial/ ethnic group percent 1 American Indian .......... 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 1.0 Asian ........................... 1.3 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.1 Black ........................... 9.1 9.1 8.7 8.7 8.1 7.4 7.6 8.1 8.2 7.9 8.4 9.4 8.6 10.4 10.1 Hispanic ...................... 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.7 3.6 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.7 4.0 4.4 3.6 White ........................... 86.3 85.9 86.7 85.6 86.1 86.6 86.4 86.5 86.0 85.6 84.8 83.7 83.9 81.6 82.2 Citizenship ( percent) United States .............. 88.7 87.7 86.8 85.5 84.7 84.9 83.1 82.9 84.4 84.8 86.8 86.4 87.4 86.8 86.6 Foreign ........................ 8.2 8.8 9.8 10.4 9.6 9.2 10.2 9.7 9.7 10.2 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.0 9.9 Unknown ..................... 3.1 3.6 3.4 4.1 5.6 6.0 6.7 7.4 5.8 5.0 2.4 2.7 1.6 2.3 3.4 Median age at doctorate ( years) ......................... 37.0 37.3 38.4 38.7 39.4 39.8 40.5 41.1 41.6 42.1 42.7 43.0 43.6 43.8 44.3 Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as doctorate ........ 39.0 38.9 39.6 38.7 39.0 37.8 36.9 38.5 37.5 39.3 38.7 37.4 36.9 37.0 36.1 Median time lapse from bachelor's to doctorate ( years) Total time .................... 13.1 13.5 14.6 15.1 15.7 16.2 16.9 17.3 17.9 18.4 18.9 19.2 19.7 19.9 20.2 Registered time ........... 6.9 7.0 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 1 Longitudinal comparisons by race/ ethnicity should be done with extreme care, due to periodic changes in the survey. Distribution by race/ ethnicity based on U. S. citizens and those with permanent visas only.

NOTE.   The National Research Council's classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES). The number of degrees also differs slightly from that reported in the NCES `` Completions'' survey. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File. ( This table was prepared May 1998.)

Table 300.   Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in engineering: 1979   80 to 1995   96 Item 1979   80 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of doctorates 2,479 2,528 2,915 3,165 3,376 3,712 4,187 4,543 4,894 5,214 5,438 5,698 5,822 6,008 6,305 Sex ( percent) Men ............................. 96.4 96.1 94.8 93.7 93.3 93.5 93.2 91.8 91.5 91.3 90.7 90.9 89.1 88.4 87.7 Women ........................ 3.6 3.9 5.2 6.3 6.7 6.6 6.8 8.2 8.5 8.7 9.3 9.1 10.9 11.6 12.3 Racial/ ethnic group ( percent) 1 American Indian .......... 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Asian ........................... 18.9 20.0 17.1 18.4 15.6 17.7 16.0 16.6 15.3 17.4 18.2 19.7 28.8 31.5 26.8 Black ........................... 1.2 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.8 2.4 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.2 Hispanic ...................... 1.9 1.0 2.4 1.5 2.1 1.8 3.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.4 2.9 White ........................... 77.8 77.3 79.3 77.8 80.6 78.8 79.4 79.5 80.4 77.4 76.5 75.9 67.0 63.7 67.6 Citizenship ( percent) United States .............. 50.6 46.2 42.5 40.4 40.8 41.8 42.4 40.9 39.4 37.9 38.7 39.1 38.0 39.7 41.1 Foreign ........................ 46.3 49.1 52.9 54.6 50.8 50.7 49.8 50.4 52.5 54.7 57.8 57.1 60.0 57.9 55.7 Unknown ..................... 3.1 4.7 4.6 5.0 8.4 7.4 7.7 8.8 8.1 7.3 3.5 3.9 2.1 2.5 3.3 Median age at doctorate ( years) ......................... 30.3 30.5 30.7 30.9 31.0 31.0 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.7 Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as doctorate ........ 75.2 74.1 74.3 74.2 73.0 75.2 76.4 76.2 76.9 79.0 81.8 80.1 80.4 79.1 80.2 Median time lapse from bachelor's to doctorate ( years) Total time .................... 7.6 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.5 8.7 8.8 9.0 9.1 9.0 Registered time ........... 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.8 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4 1 Longitudinal comparisons by race/ ethnicity should be done with extreme care, due to periodic changes in the survey. Distribution by race/ ethnicity based on U. S. citizens and those with permanent visas only.

NOTE.   The National Research Council's classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES). The number of degrees also differs slightly from that reported in the NCES `` Completions'' survey. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 326 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 301.   Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the humanities: 1 1979   80 to 1995   96 Item 1979   80 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of doctorates 3,863 3,745 3,528 3,428 3,461 3,500 3,555 3,552 3,822 4,099 4,444 4,482 4,744 5,061 5,116 Sex ( percent) Men ............................. 60.4 58.7 55.0 56.6 54.8 55.1 55.7 54.5 54.4 53.5 53.7 52.5 52.3 51.7 50.3 Women ........................ 39.6 41.3 45.0 43.4 45.2 44.9 44.3 45.5 45.6 46.5 46.3 47.5 47.7 48.3 49.7 Racial/ ethnic group ( percent) 2 American Indian .......... 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.5 Asian ........................... 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 3.0 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.6 4.6 5.1 5.1 Black ........................... 3.0 2.9 3.4 2.6 2.9 2.9 3.0 2.9 2.3 3.0 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.1 Hispanic ...................... 3.0 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.5 4.3 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2 4.4 3.8 4.3 White ........................... 91.6 91.7 90.9 91.1 91.6 90.3 90.5 90.2 90.9 89.9 89.9 88.9 87.5 87.8 87.0 Citizenship ( percent) United States .............. 87.3 85.7 83.7 83.1 78.8 78.0 78.4 76.4 78.3 77.0 77.7 78.3 78.3 78.6 77.4 Foreign ........................ 8.8 10.2 11.2 12.1 13.7 14.3 14.4 15.5 15.2 18.3 19.2 18.7 19.9 19.4 19.6 Unknown ..................... 3.9 4.1 5.2 4.8 7.4 7.7 7.1 8.1 6.5 4.7 3.2 3.0 1.8 1.9 3.0 Median age at doctorate ( years) .......................... 33.4 33.5 34.5 34.7 35.0 35.0 35.4 35.7 35.7 35.8 35.6 35.6 35.7 35.4 35.2 Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as doctorate .......... 64.2 61.0 60.2 58.8 58.2 58.5 56.7 55.5 57.1 57.7 56.5 56.4 57.4 56.6 55.8 Median time lapse from bachelor's to doctorate ( years) Total time .................... 10.6 10.8 11.5 11.7 12.1 12.0 12.2 12.5 12.2 12.3 12.0 11.9 12.0 12.0 11.8 Registered time ........... 7.7 7.7 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.4 8.3 1 Includes American studies, archeology, art history, classics, history, letters, literature, music, philosophy, religion, and theatre. 2 Longitudinal comparisons by race/ ethnicity should be done with extreme care, due to periodic changes in the survey. Distribution by race/ ethnicity based on U. S. citizens and those with permanent visas only.

NOTE.   The National Research Council's classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES). The major differences are that history is included under humanities rather than social sciences and that psychology is included under social sciences. The number of degrees also differs slightly from that reported in the NCES `` Completions'' survey. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File. ( This table was prepared May 1998.)

Table 302.   Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the life sciences: 1 1979   80 to 1995   96 Item 1979   80 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of doctorates 5,325 5,461 5,745 5,748 5,734 5,754 6,164 6,342 6,605 6,933 7,115 7,395 7,739 7,918 8,255 Sex ( percent) Men ............................. 74.8 73.6 68.9 67.7 66.0 64.8 63.2 61.8 62.6 61.4 60.7 58.3 58.4 57.9 56.5 Women ........................ 25.2 26.4 31.1 32.3 34.0 35.2 36.8 38.2 37.4 38.6 39.3 41.7 41.6 42.1 43.5 Racial/ ethnic group ( percent) 2 American Indian .......... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 Asian ........................... 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.9 5.7 5.0 5.3 5.6 6.6 7.1 8.7 15.7 18.5 17.9 Black ........................... 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.6 3.1 2.9 Hispanic ...................... 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.1 White ........................... 91.8 91.7 91.5 90.8 90.5 89.4 90.0 90.1 89.6 88.0 87.3 85.1 78.2 74.9 75.5 Citizenship ( percent) United States .............. 80.4 80.3 79.4 77.1 75.9 73.5 71.3 71.1 68.0 66.8 65.7 65.3 64.0 63.1 60.7 Foreign ........................ 17.6 17.1 17.6 19.3 18.8 20.5 22.2 22.1 26.3 29.1 31.8 32.6 34.9 35.2 37.0 Unknown ..................... 2.0 2.6 3.0 3.6 5.3 6.1 6.4 6.9 5.6 4.0 2.5 2.2 1.1 1.7 2.2 Median age at doctorate ( years) ......................... 30.0 30.1 31.0 31.3 31.6 31.7 31.9 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.4 32.5 Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as doctorate ........ 40.9 40.7 58.1 58.3 57.1 55.6 55.4 53.4 53.8 54.1 53.5 51.9 51.0 50.8 49.2 Median time lapse from bachelor's to doctorate ( years) Total time .................... 7.3 7.3 8.2 8.4 8.7 8.7 8.9 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 Registered time ........... 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 1 Includes agricultural, biological, and health sciences. 2 Longitudinal comparisons by race/ ethnicity should be done with extreme care, due to periodic changes in the survey. Distribution by race/ ethnicity based on U. S. citizens and those with permanent visas only.

NOTE.   The National Research Council's classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES). The number of degrees also differs slightly from that reported in the NCES `` Completions'' survey. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 327 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 303.   Statistical profile of persons receiving doctor's degrees in the physical sciences: 1 1979   80 to 1995   96 Item 1979   80 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number of doctorates 3,151 3,208 3,459 3,531 3,679 3,840 4,045 3,984 4,262 4,441 4,575 4,470 4,801 4,621 4,632 Sex ( percent) Men ............................. 87.7 88.7 85.4 83.7 83.6 83.3 82.6 80.9 81.2 81.0 79.1 78.9 79.0 77.3 78.1 Women ........................ 12.3 11.3 14.6 16.3 16.4 16.7 17.4 19.2 18.8 19.0 20.9 21.1 21.0 22.7 21.9 Racial/ ethnic group ( percent) 2 American Indian .......... 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 Asian ........................... 7.7 6.9 6.6 6.9 7.1 7.0 5.7 6.7 6.6 6.6 8.9 10.2 20.8 25.3 18.9 Black ........................... 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 Hispanic ...................... 1.1 1.3 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.6 3.1 2.9 3.2 3.4 2.6 2.5 2.8 White ........................... 90.0 90.5 89.9 90.1 89.5 89.3 90.1 88.8 89.3 88.8 86.4 84.5 74.8 70.6 76.0 Citizenship ( percent) United States .............. 75.9 75.4 73.6 70.3 66.1 65.1 64.3 62.5 61.0 59.3 57.9 57.1 56.3 56.7 54.7 Foreign ........................ 21.6 21.3 23.5 25.5 27.8 28.5 28.8 29.8 32.4 35.9 39.6 39.7 41.7 41.7 41.8 Unknown ..................... 2.4 3.3 2.9 4.1 6.1 6.4 6.9 7.8 6.7 4.8 2.5 3.2 2.1 1.8 3.5 Median age at doctorate ( years) ......................... 29.1 29.0 29.5 29.5 29.9 29.8 30.1 30.0 30.7 30.2 30.3 30.6 30.7 30.7 31.6 Percent with bachelor's degree in same field as doctorate ........ 76.5 76.6 77.7 75.0 73.4 72.6 72.6 72.6 80.0 76.9 74.5 72.9 73.0 70.8 69.6 Median time lapse from bachelor's to doctorate ( years) Total time .................... 6.8 6.7 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.8 7.5 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.9 Registered time ........... 5.7 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.9 6.1 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.6 6.8 6.9 1 Includes physics, astronomy, chemistry, and earth, atmospheric, and marine sciences. Excludes mathematics and computer science. 2 Longitudinal comparisons by race/ ethnicity should be done with extreme care, due to periodic changes in the survey. Distribution by race/ ethnicity based on U. S. citizens and those with permanent visas only.

NOTE.   The National Research Council's classification of degrees by field differs somewhat from that in most publications of the National Center for Education Statistics ( NCES). The number of degrees also differs slightly from that reported in the NCES `` Completions'' survey. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, Doctorate Records File. ( This table was prepared May 1998.)