Incidents entered into the EIIS are also categorized as to use/ misuse. Unless specifically confirmed by a state or federal agency to be misuse, or there was very clear misuse such as intentional baiting to kill wildlife, incidents would not typically be considered misuse. Data entry personnel often do not have a copy of the specific label used in a given application, and would not usually be able to detect a variety of label specific violations, for example.

a. Incidents Involving Aquatic Organisms A total of 10 incidents involving aquatic cypermethrin exposure have been reported to EPA and tracked by EIIS ( Appendix J, Table J 2). Unfortunately, these reports do not provide any specific information regarding the organisms affected or the types of effects observed. All incidents were categorized according to the Certainty Index as follows: possible ( 3 reports); probable ( 3 reports); and highly probably ( 4 reports). Due to the lack of any detailed information in the available reports, these incidents involving exposure of aquatic organisms cannot be used as an additional line of evidence for this assessment b. Incidents Involving Terrestrial Organisms A total of 5 incidents involving terrestrial exposure have been reported to EPA and tracked by EIIS ( Appendix J, Table J 1). Unfortunately, these reports do not provide any specific information regarding the organisms affected or the types of effects observed. All incidents were categorized according to the Certainty Index as follows: unlikely ( 2 reports); possible ( 2 reports); and probable ( 1 report). Due to the lack of any detailed information in the available reports, incidents involving exposure of terrestrial organisms cannot be used as an additional line of evidence for this assessment 4. Endocrine Effects Results of chronic exposure studies show that cypermethrin does not appear to have adverse reproductive effects in birds or mammals ( effects on rats reflected a decrease in pup weight). However, reproductive effects have been documented in aquatic species ( estuarine/ marine invertebrates). Therefore EFED considers cypermethrin to have detrimental effects on the endocrine system. Under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act ( FFDCA), as amended by the Food Quality Protection Act ( FQPA), EPA is required to develop a screening program to determine whether certain substances ( including all pesticide active and other  92 ingredients) " may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturallyoccurring estrogen, or other such endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate". Following the recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee ( EDSTAC), EPA determined that there was scientific basis for including, as part of the program, the androgen and thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA also adopted EDSTAC's recommendation that the Program include evaluations of potential effects in wildlife. For pesticide chemicals, EPA will use FIFRA and, to the extent that effects in wildlife may help determine whether a substance may have an effect in humans, FFDCA authority to require the wildlife evaluations. As the science develops and resources allow, screening of additional hormone systems may be added to the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program ( EDSP). When the appropriate screening and or testing protocols being considered under the Agency's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program have been developed, cypermethrin may be subjected to additional screening and or testing to better characterize effects related to endocrine disruption.

5. Federally Threatened and Listed ( Listed) Species Concerns a. Action Area The Listed Species Act defines the action area for a Federal action as being the footprint of possible effects stemming from the action, not necessarily limited to where the immediate action occurs. For screening level purposes, the risk assessment conservatively assumes that listed species are co located with the pesticide treatment area. This means that plants inhabiting terrestrial environments and wildlife are assumed to be located on or adjacent to the treated field and aquatic organisms are assumed to be located in a surface water body adjacent to the treated field. This assumption places the listed species within an assumed area of high potential exposure to the pesticide. If these assumptions result in RQs that are below the listed species LOCs, a no effect conclusion is made. However, in situations where the screening assumptions lead to RQs in excess of the listed species LOCs, the potential for a " may affect" conclusion exists. In such cases, additional information on the biology of listed species, the locations of these species, and the locations of use sites would be considered to determine the extent to which screening assumptions apply to a particular listed organism. These subsequent refinement steps would consider how this information would impact the action area for a particular listed organism and may include exposures that are downwind and downstream of the pesticide use site.

b. Taxonomic Groups Potentially at Risk ( 1). Discussion of Risk Quotients  93 The registrant must provide information on the proximity of Federally listed species to cypermethrin use sites. This requirement may be satisfied in one of three ways: 1) having membership in the FIFRA Listed Species Task Force; 2) citing FIFRA Listed Species Task Force data; or 3) independently producing these data, provided the information is of sufficient quality to meet FIFRA requirements. The information will be used by the OPP Listed Species Protection Program to develop recommendations to avoid adverse effects to listed species.

Should estimated exposure levels occur in proximity to listed species, the available screening level information suggests a potential concern for direct effects on listed fish, amphibians, and aquatic invertebrates ( freshwater and estuarine/ marine), insects, birds, and mammals. Specifically, results of this level I screening assessment show that acute RQs exceed the acute listed species LOC for several taxa ( Table 21).

Table 21. Number of Listed Species by Taxa per State for the Following Crops: Cotton, Pecans, Lettuce, Bulb vegetables ( onions, garlic), Brassica ( Brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage), Leafy Brassica ( collards, kale, mustard greens, spinach, canola)

State Amphibian Arachnid Bird Clam Crustacean Fish Insect Mammal Reptile Snail Grand Total Alabama 2 4 30 1 15 4 5 10 71 Arizona 2 8 17 8 2 1 38 Arkansas 3 6 2 3 1 3 1 19 California 6 16 8 28 22 22 8 1 111 Colorado 3 6 2 2 13 Connecticut 3 1 1 1 1 7 Delaware 2 1 1 4 Florida 1 9 7 1 4 1 10 10 43 Georgia 1 5 16 8 1 5 2 38 Hawaii 1 32 1 1 2 2 2 41 Idaho 2 7 4 6 19 Illinois 3 6 1 1 2 2 1 16 Indiana 2 9 2 2 1 16 State Amphibian Arachnid Bird Clam Crustacean Fish Insect Mammal Reptile Snail Grand Total  94 Iowa 3 2 2 1 1 9 Kansas 4 4 1 2 11 Kentucky 3 20 1 4 3 31 Louisiana 6 2 2 2 3 15 Maine 3 2 1 6 Maryland 1 1 2 2 2 8 Massachusett s 3 1 3 1 1 9 Michigan 3 2 3 2 1 11 Minnesota 2 2 1 1 6 Mississippi 1 6 3 3 1 5 19 Missouri 3 4 7 1 2 1 18 Montana 4 4 3 11 Nebraska 4 2 1 7 Nevada 2 21 2 1 26 New Hampshire 1 1 1 1 4 New Jersey 3 1 1 5 New Mexico 1 6 1 12 5 1 2 28 New York 3 1 1 1 1 1 8 North Carolina 1 5 5 4 1 6 1 1 24 North Dakota 4 1 5 Ohio 2 5 1 1 1 1 11 Oklahoma 7 2 4 1 3 17 State Amphibian Arachnid Bird Clam Crustacean Fish Insect Mammal Reptile Snail Grand Total  95 Oregon 5 1 19 2 1 28 Pennsylvania 2 2 2 6 Rhode Island 1 1 1 1 4 South Carolina 1 4 1 1 3 2 12 South Dakota 4 2 1 1 8 Tennessee 1 3 24 1 10 4 1 44 Texas 4 10 12 1 9 8 5 3 52 Utah 2 8 2 1 13 Vermont 1 1 1 3 Virginia 1 3 18 2 5 1 6 1 1 38 Washington 5 17 1 5 28 West Virginia 1 1 5 4 1 12 Wisconsin 3 2 2 1 8 Wyoming 1 4 5 Unique Species Total 17 12 69 69 20 130 44 62 28 30 481 Probit Slope Analysis The probit slope response relationship is evaluated to calculate the chance of an individual event corresponding to the listed species acute LOCs. If information is unavailable to estimate a slope for a particular study, a default slope assumption of 4.5 is used as per original Agency assumptions of typical slope cited in Urban and Cook ( 1986).

Freshwater fish After an analysis of raw data from the acute toxicity studies ( MRID 419682 08) with  96 rainbow trout, one slope estimate was determined at 7.7 ( 95% C. I. 4.1  11.2). Based on the slope and the LC50 value = 0.68 ug/ L, the chance of individual mortality for freshwater fish following cypermethrin exposure is 1 in 2.68 x 10 3 ( RQ = 0.5  5.2). The lower and upper bound estimate of the slope from this study are 4.13 and 11.2. Based on the slope and the endangered species aquatic LOC = 0.05, the corresponding estimated chance of individual mortality of freshwater fish species following cypermethrin application is 1 in 1.0 x 10 16 . The lower and upper of the slope estimate ( 4.1  11.2) can be used to calculate upper and lower levels of effects associated with listed species LOC. These values are 1 in 2.0 x 10 7 and 1 in 1.0 x 10 16. .

Estuarine/ marine fish After an analysis of raw data from the acute toxicity studies with sheepshead minnow ( MRID 445460 34) one slope estimate was determined at 8.4 ( 4.2  12.6) and the LC50 = 2.5 ppb the estimate of chance of individual mortality following cypermethrin exposure is 1 in 1 ( RQ = 2.1). The lower and upper bound estimate of that slope are 4.25and 12.65.

Freshwater invertebrates After an analysis of raw data from the acute toxicity studies with daphnids ( MRID 445460 31) slope estimate were identified at 7.3 with the corresponding estimate chance of individual mortality for freshwater invertebrates following cypermethrin as 1in 1 RQ = 0.4  2.3). The lower and upper bound estimate of the slopes are 3.99 to 10.69.

c. Critical Habitat In the evaluation of pesticide effects on designated critical habitat, consideration is given to the physical and biological features ( constituent elements) of a critical habitat identified by the U. S Fish and Wildlife and National Marine Fisheries Services as essential to the conservation of a listed species and which may require special management considerations or protection. The evaluation of impacts for a screening level pesticide risk assessment focuses on the biological features that are constituent elements and is accomplished using the screening level taxonomic analysis ( risk quotients, RQs) and listed species levels of concern ( LOCs) that are used to evaluate direct and indirect effects to listed organisms.

The screening level risk assessment has identified potential concerns for indirect effects on listed species for those organisms dependant upon all size categories of small mammals evaluated ( 15 g, 35 g, 1000 g), freshwater and estuarine fish, freshwater invertebrates, and terrestrial invertebrates. In light of the potential for indirect effects, the next step for EPA and the Service( s) is to identify which listed species and critical habitat are potentially implicated. Analytically, the identification of such species and critical habitat can occur in either of two ways. First, the agencies could determine whether the action area overlaps critical habitat or the occupied range of any listed species. If so, EPA would examine whether the pesticide's potential  97 impacts on non listed species would affect the listed species indirectly or directly affect a constituent element of the critical habitat. Alternatively, the agencies could determine which listed species depend on biological resources, or have constituent elements that fall into, the taxa that may be directly or indirectly impacted by the pesticide. Then EPA would determine whether use of the pesticide overlaps the critical habitat or the occupied range of those listed species. At present, the information reviewed by EPA does not permit use of either analytical approach to make a definitive identification of species that are potentially impacted indirectly or critical habitats that is potentially impacted directly by the use of the pesticide. EPA and the Service( s) are working together to conduct the necessary analysis.

This screening level risk assessment for critical habitat provides a listing of potential biological features that, if they are constituent elements of one or more critical habitats, would be of potential concern. These correspond to the taxa identified above as being of potential concern for indirect effects and include small and medium sized mammals. This list should serve as an initial step in problem formulation for further assessment of critical habitat impacts outlined above, should additional work be necessary.

C. Description of Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps 1. Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps Related to Exposure For All Taxa There are a number of areas of uncertainty in the aquatic and terrestrial risk assessments. The toxicity assessment for terrestrial and aquatic animals is limited by the number of species tested in the available toxicity studies. Use of toxicity data on representative species does not provide information on the potential variability in susceptibility acute and chronic exposures.

This screening level risk assessment relies on labeled statements of the maximum rate of cypermethrin application, the maximum number of applications, and the shortest interval between applications. These assumptions constitute a maximum use scenario. The frequency at which actual uses approach these maximums is dependant on resistance to the pesticide, timing of applications, and market forces.

2. Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps Related to Exposure For Aquatic Species  98 For an acute risk assessment, there is no averaging time for exposure. An instantaneous peak concentration, with a 1 in 10 year return frequency, is assumed. The use of the instantaneous peak assumes that instantaneous exposure is of sufficient duration to elicit acute effects comparable to those observed over more protracted exposure periods tested in the laboratory, typically 48 to 96 hours. In the absence of data regarding time to toxic event analyses and latent responses to instantaneous exposure, the degree to which risk is overestimated cannot be quantified.

There are no monitoring studies for cypermethrin in freshwater or estuarine/ marine environments; therefore, the exposure of aquatic species to cypermethrin is based entirely on the modeled data. It is noted that the fate characteristics of cypermethrin indicate that it will partition with the sediment. Sediment monitoring data are not available neither. The output of models such as PRZM/ EXAMS is dependent upon the quality of the environmental fate input parameters.

For cypermethrin, the environmental fate database is considered to be complete. Estimations regarding the spray drift fraction in the PRZM/ EXAMS model runs were based upon the assumption that the wind speeds at each site are generally below 10 mph. Meteorological data from coastal regions in California where lettuce is grown suggest that this assumption may not be accurate for this particular scenario.

3. Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps Related to Exposure For Terrestrial Species The data available to support the terrestrial exposure assessment for cypermethrin is considered to be complete. For screening terrestrial risk assessments, a generic bird or mammal is assumed to occupy either the treated field or adjacent areas receiving pesticide at a rate commensurate with the treatment rate on the field. The actual habitat requirements of any particular terrestrial species are not considered, and it is assumed that species occupy, exclusively and permanently, the treated area being modeled. This assumption leads to a maximum level of exposure in the risk assessment.

Screening level risk assessments for spray applications of pesticides consider dietary exposure alone. Other routes of exposure, not considered in this assessment, are discussed below:

Incidental soil ingestion exposure This risk assessment does not consider incidental soil ingestion. Available data suggests that up to 15% of the diet can consist of incidentally ingested soil depending on the species and  99 feeding strategy ( Beyer et al., 1994). A simple first approximation of soil concentration of pesticide from spray application shows that ingestion of soil at an incidental rate of up to 15% of the diet would not increase dietary exposure.

Inhalation exposure The screening risk assessment does not consider inhalation exposure. Such exposure may occur through three potential sources: ( 1) spray material in droplet form at the time of application ( 2) vapor phase pesticide volatilizing from treated surfaces, and ( 3) airborne particulate ( soil, vegetative material, and pesticide dusts).

Available data suggest that inhalation exposure at the time of application is not an appreciable route of exposure for birds. According to research on mallards and bobwhite quail, respirable particle size in birds ( particles reaching the lung) is limited to a maximum diameter of 2 to 5 microns. Theoretically, inhalation of pesticide active ingredient in the vapor phase may be another source of exposure for some pesticides under some exposure situations. However, considering its low vapor pressure value, it is very unlikely that cypermethrin will exist in the gaseous phase for any significant duration to cause adverse effects via inhalation.

The impact from exposure to dusts contaminated with the pesticide cannot be assessed generically as partitioning issues related to application site soils and chemical properties render the exposure potential from this route highly situation specific.

Dermal Exposure The screening assessment does not consider dermal exposure, except as it is indirectly included in calculations of RQs based on lethal doses per unit of pesticide treated area. Dermal exposure may occur through three potential sources: ( 1) direct application of spray to terrestrial wildlife in the treated area or within the drift footprint, ( 2) incidental contact with contaminated vegetation, or ( 3) contact with contaminated water or soil.

The available measured data related to wildlife dermal contact with pesticides are extremely limited. The Agency is actively pursuing modeling techniques to account for dermal exposure via direct application of spray and by incidental contact with vegetation.

Drinking Water Exposure Drinking water exposure to a pesticide active ingredient may be the result of consumption of surface water or consumption of the pesticide in dew or other water on the surfaces of treated vegetation. For pesticide active ingredients with a potential to dissolve in runoff, puddles on the treated field may contain the chemical. Given its low water solubility and relatively high soil/ water partitioning coefficients, cypermethrin is not expected to dissolve in dew and other  100 water associated with plant surfaces. Furthermore, the dissipation of this chemical in water is likely to be rapid, decreasing the likelihood of exposure to cypermethrin via drinking water.

Dietary Intake  The Differences Between Laboratory and Field Conditions The acute and chronic characterizations of risk rely on comparisons of wildlife dietary residues with LC 50 or NOAEC values expressed in concentrations of pesticides in laboratory feed. These comparisons assume that ingestion of food items in the field occurs at rates commensurate with those in the laboratory. Although the screening assessment process adjusts dry weight estimates of food intake to reflect the increased mass in fresh weight wildlife food intake estimates, it does not allow for gross energy and assimilative efficiency differences between wildlife food items and laboratory feed.

On gross energy content alone, direct comparison of a laboratory dietary concentrationbased effects threshold to a fresh weight pesticide residue estimate would result in an underestimation of field exposure by food consumption by a factor of 1.25  2.5 for most food items. Only for seeds would the direct comparison of dietary threshold to residue estimate lead to an overestimate of exposure.

Differences in assimilative efficiency between laboratory and wild diets suggest that current screening assessment methods do not account for a potentially important aspect of food requirements. Depending upon species and dietary matrix, bird assimilation of wild diet energy ranges from 23  80%, and mammal assimilation ranges from 41  85% ( U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1993). If it is assumed that laboratory chow is formulated to maximize assimilative efficiency ( e. g., a value of 85%), a potential for underestimation of exposure may exist by assuming that consumption of food in the wild is comparable with consumption during laboratory testing. In the screening process, exposure may be underestimated because metabolic rates are not related to food consumption.  101 Finally, the screening procedure does not account for situations where the feeding rate may be above or below requirements to meet free living metabolic requirements. Gorging behavior is a possibility under some specific wildlife scenarios ( e. g., bird migration) where the food intake rate may be greatly increased. Kirkwood ( 1983) has suggested that an upper bound limit to this behavior might be the typical intake rate multiplied by a factor of 5.

In contrast is the potential for avoidance, operationally defined as animals responding to the presence of noxious chemicals in their food by reducing consumption of treated dietary elements. This response is seen in nature where herbivores avoid plant secondary compounds.

4. Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps Related to Effects Assessment The database available to support the terrestrial assessment is partially complete. There is uncertainty regarding chronic toxicity to birds at exposure levels above 50 ppm ( EEC for cotton 66 ppm). The Agency requires avian reproduction studies that test up to1000 ppm.

Although cypermethrin has been extensively studied in many aquatic species, data gaps, uncertainties and limitations for the aquatic ecological effects assessment are summarized as follows:

° Chronic toxicity data are not available for freshwater invertebrates, estuarine/ marine fish, or benthic organisms. To assess risk in these species, RQs are based on derived chronic NOAEC values, adding uncertainty to the aquatic risk assessment.

° The available acute toxicity study for benthic organisms was not conducted with the exposure system at equilibrium, adding uncertainty to the acute RQs derived for exposure via the sediment. Furthermore, since the chronic RQ for sediment and acute and chronic RQs for pore water were derived from the sediment toxicity value, this uncertainty is introduced to all categories of the risk assessment for benthic organisms. These studies are currently being conducted by the pyrethroid working group ( PWG) but were not available for inclusion in this assessment.

Age class and sensitivity of effects thresholds It is generally recognized that test organism age may have a significant impact on the observed sensitivity to a toxicant. The screening risk assessment acute toxicity data for fish are collected on juvenile fish weighing between 0.1 and 5 grams. Aquatic invertebrate acute testing is performed on recommended immature age classes ( e. g., first instar for daphnids, second instar for  102 amphipods, stoneflies and mayflies, and third instar for midges). Similarly, acute dietary testing with birds is also performed on juveniles, with mallard being 5 10 days old and quail 10 14 days old.

Testing of juveniles may overestimate toxicity at older age classes for pesticidal active ingredients, such as cypermethrin, that act directly ( without metabolic transformation) because younger age classes may not have the enzymatic systems associated with detoxifying xenobiotics. The screening risk assessment has no current provisions for a generally applied method that accounts for this uncertainty. In so far as the available toxicity data may provide ranges of sensitivity information with respect to age class, the risk assessment uses the most sensitive life stage information as the conservative screening endpoint.

Use of the Most Sensitive Species Tested Although the screening risk assessment relies on a selected toxicity endpoint from the most sensitive species tested, it does not necessarily mean that the selected toxicity endpoints reflect sensitivity of the most sensitive species existing in a given environment. The relative position of the most sensitive species tested in the distribution of all possible species is a function of the overall variability among species to a particular chemical. In the case of listed species, there is uncertainty regarding the relationship of the listed species' sensitivity and the most sensitive species tested.

The Agency is not limited to a base set of surrogate toxicity information in establishing risk assessment conclusions. The Agency also considers toxicity data on non standard test species when available.

5. Assumptions, Limitations, Uncertainties, Strengths and Data Gaps Related to the Acute and Chronic LOCs The risk characterization section of the assessment includes an evaluation of the potential for individual effects at an exposure level equivalent to the LOC. This evaluation is based on the median lethal dose estimate and dose/ response relationship established for the effects study corresponding to each taxonomic group for which the LOCs are exceeded.  103 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Environmental Fate and Effects Division would like to thank Syracuse Environmental Research Associates ( SERA), and Syracuse Research Corporation for their assistance in developing this cypermethrin risk assessment. Thanks to the following persons for their collaboration in making this product: Mario Citra, Julie Klotzbach and Cynthia King.  104 V. Literature Cited Environmental Fate MRID Studies Submitted to EPA MRID 42129001 Estigoy, L.; Ruzo, L.; Shepler, K. ( 1991) Photodegradation of Carbon 14 Acid and Carbon 14 Alcohol Cypermethrin in Soil by Natural Sunlight: Lab Project Number: 249/ 250W: 191E1390El: PC 0159. Unpublished study prepared by PTRL West. 115 p.

MRID 42129002 Curry, S. ( 1991) Leaching of Carbon 14 Cypermethrin in Soil Following Aerobic Aging: Lab Project Number: 191E3 190E1. Unpublished study prepared by FMC Corp. 97 p.

MRID 42129003 Froelich, L. ( 1991). Soil Mobility Studies: Adsorption/ Desorption Studies of Cypermethrin: Lab Project Number: 191E3290El. Unpublished study prepared by FMC Corp. 65 p.

MRID 42156601 Ramsey A. ( 1991) Environmental Fate Studies: Aerobic Soil Metabolism of Cypermethrin in a Sandy Loam Soil: Lab Project Number: 19 lE2 190EI. Unpublished study prepared by FMC Corp. 99 p.

MRID 42156602 Ramsey A. ( 1991) Environmental Fate Studies: Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of Cypermethrin in a Sandy Loam Soil: Lab Project Number: 19 lE2 190EI. Unpublished study prepared by FMC Corp. 93 p.

MRID 42395701 Estigoy, L.; Ruzo, L.; Shepler, K. ( 1992) Photodegradation of 14C Cypermethrin in Buffered Aqueous Solution at pH 7 by Natural Sunlight: Revised: Lab Project Number: 247/ 248W: 247/ 248W l; 191E1290El. Unpub lished study prepared by Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Research Lab ( PTRL West) and FMC Corp. 144 p.

MRID 42459601 Leppert, B. ( 1992) Ammo 2.5 EC Insecticide Terrestrial Field Dissipation: Lab Project Number: 191E4191E1: RAN 0239. Unpublished study prepared by FMC Corporation. 182 p.

MRID 42620501 Clifton J.( 1992) Environmental Fate Studies: Hydrolysis Studies of Cypermethrin in Aqueous Buffered Solutions: Lab Project Number: 191E1192E1: P 2771. Unpublished study prepared by FMC Corp. 77 p.  105 MRID 42868203 Giroir, E.; Stuerman, L. ( 1993) Cypermethrin ( carbon 14) Bioconcentration by Bluegill Sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus): Lab Project Number: 191 E5491E1: 400 18: PC 0189. Unpublished study prepared by ABC Labs, Inc. 3 11 p.

MRID 44876105 Ramsey, A. A. 1998. Anaerobic aquatic metabolism of 14C zetacypermethrin Unpublished study performed, sponsored and submitted by FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ.

MRID 44876107 Holihan, J. C. 1999. Fury ® 1.5 EC insecticide aquatic field dissipation. Study No.: 194E4297E1. Report No.: P 3361. Unpublished study performed by Agricultural Advisors, Inc., Live Oak, CA ( in life phase); R& D Research Farm, Inc., Washington, LA ( in life phase); and FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ and Richmond, CA ( analytical phase); and submitted by FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ.

MRID 45920801 Curry, S. J. 2003. Aerobic aquatic metabolism of 14C zeta cypermethrin. Unpublished study performed, sponsored and submitted by FMC Corporation, Princeton, NJ. FMC Study No.: 194E2202E1. Experimental initiation September 17, 2002 ( p. 17), and completion April 2, 2003 ( p. 12). Final report issued April 28, 2003.  106 Ecological Effects MRID Studies Submitted to EPA Acc. No. 42444601 Edwards, P. J., Brown, S. M., Swaine, H. ( 1980). 3 phenoxybenzoic acid : Toxicity to first instar Daphnia magna. Unpublished report by the Plant Protection Division, submitted 12/ 28/ 81 by I C I Americas Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.

Acc. No. 42444601 Jaber, M. J. ( 1981). The acute and chronic toxicity of cypemethrin to mysid shrimp ( Mysidopsis bahia). Unpublished report by EG& G Bionomics, submitted 12/ 28/ 81 by ICI Americas Inc., Wilmington, Delaware.

Acc. No. 42444601 Stephenson, R. R, Kane, D. F. ( 1980). The acute toxicity of cypermethrin ( WL 43467) to the freshwater shrimp ( Gammerus pulex) and larvae of the mayfly ( Cleon dipterum), in continuous £ low tests. Unpublished report from Shell Research Ltd, submitted 12/ 28/ 81 by ICI Americas, Wilmington, Delaware.

Acc. No. 42444601 Thompson, R. S. ( 1981) Investigation of the Acute Toxicity of PP 383 to Larvae of the Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas). Unpublished report by the Brixham Laboratory of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., submitted 12/ 28/ 81 by ICI Americas, Inc.; Wilmington, Delaware.

Acc. No. 241598 Hill, R. W., Maddock, B. G., Hart, B. ( 1976). Determination of the acute toxicity of PP383 to Rainbow trout ( Salmo gairdneri). ICI Brixham Laboratory Report No. BL/ B/ 1711, March 1976.

Acc. No. 241598 Hill, R. W, Maddock, B. G., Hart, B., Gilbert, J. L. ( 1977). Determination of the acute toxicity of PP383 to bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus) . ICI Brixham Laboratory Report No. BL/ B/ 1775, March 1977.

Acc. No. 241598 Ross, D. B., D. M. Cameron, N. L. Roberts ( 1977). The Acute Oral Toxicity ( LDSO) of PP383 to the Mallard Duck. Huntington Research Centre Report No. ICI 128WL/ 7733, August 1977.

Acc. No. 250506 ICI Americas Inc. ( 1980). Cypermthrin: Aquatic Ecological Effects Under Field Use Conditions in Cotton in Selma, Alabama. Agricultural Chemicals Division Research and Development Department.  107 Acc. No. 260647 Bull, J. M., Wilkinson, W. ( 1980). Cypermethrin: Laboratory determination of the acute oral and contact toxicity to honeybees of technical material and an emulsifiable concentrate ( GFU061) . Submitted by ICI , Plant Protection Division . Reg. No. 10182 65.

MRID 00056800 Henderson, C.; Oliver, G. A.; Smith, I. K.; et al. ( 1980) Cypermethrin ( PP383): Acute Toxicity and Local Irritation: Report No. CTL/ P/ 537. ( Unpublished study received Dec 29, 1980 under 10182 EX 19; prepared by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., United Kingdom, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 099855 B)

MRID 62793 Cypermethrin ( PP3838): Toxicity of technical and formulated material to first instar Daphnia magna. Submitted by ICI Americas for Phase 4 List B review. MRID 92027 014 ( Summary Report) and MRID 00062793 ( Study Report) . No date given.

MRID 65813 Hill, R. W.; Maddock, B. G.; Harland, B. J. ( 1980). Determination of the Acute Toxicity of GFU 061, a 36% w/ v Formulation of Cypermethrin to Rainbow Trout ( Salmo gairdneri): BL/ B) 2016. ( Unpublished study).

MRID 88947 Hill, R. W.; Maddock, B. G.; Comber, M. H. I. ( 1981) Cypermethrin: Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Formulation GFU 070 to Rainbow Trout ( Salmo gairdneri): BL/ B/ 2093. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 070558 C).

MRID 89037 Hill, R. W.; Young, B. E.; Comber, M. H. I. ( 1981) Determination of the Acute Toxicity of 3 Phenoxy Benzoic Acid to Rainbow Trout ( Salmo gairdneri): Brixham Report No. Bl/ B/ 2038. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 42444601 B).

MRID 00089038 Hill, R. W.; Young, B. E.; Comber, M. H. I. ( 1981) Determination of the Acute Toxicity of 3 Phenoxy Benzoic Acid to Bluegill Sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus): Brixham Report No. BL/ B/ 2086. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 42444601 C).  108 MRID 89039 Jaber, M. J.; Hawk, R. E. ( 1981) The Toxicity of Cypermethrin to Fathead Minnow ( Pimephales promelas) Embryos and Larvae: Report Series TMUE0007/ B. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 42444601 D).

MRID 89040 Edwards, P. J.; Brown, S. M.; Swaine, H.; et al. ( 1980) Cypermethrin ( PP383): Toxicity of Formulation GFU061 to First Instar Daphnia magna: Report Series RJ 0149B. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 42444601 E).

MRID 89045 Jaber, M. J.; Hawk, R. E. ( 1981) The Acute Toxicity of Cypermethrin to Fiddler Crabs ( Uca pugilator): Report Series TMUE0003/ B. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 42444601 K).

MRID 89049 Jaber, M. J.; Hawk, R. E. ( 1981) The Acute Toxicity of Cypermethrin to Eastern Oysters ( Crassostrea virginica): Report Series TMUE0009/ B. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 42444601 O).

MRID 00090040 Hend, R. W.; Hendy, R.; Fleming, D. J. ( 1972?) Toxicity Studies on the Insecticide WL 43467: A Three Generation Reproduction Study in Rats: Group Research Report TLGR. 0188.78. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Shell Research, Ltd., England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 070564 H).

MRID 90071 Roberts, N. L.; Fairley, C.; Woodhouse, R. N. ( 1980) The Subacute Dietary Toxicity ( LC50) of Cypermethrin to the Mallard Duck: ICI 330/ WL/ 80812; 55 1( a)/ 3. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 070561 C).

MRID 90072 Roberts, N. L.; Fairley, C.; Woodhouse, R. N. ( 1981) The Subacute Dietary Toxicity ( LC50) of Cypermethrin to the Bobwhite Quail: ICI 331 WL/ 80811; 5E. 1( a)/ 4. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 070561 D).  109 MRID 90073 Roberts, N. L.; Fairley, C.; Chanter, D. O.; et al. ( 1981) The Effect of the Dietary Inclusion of Cypermentrin on Reproduction in the Mallard Duck: ICI 341/ 8164; CTL/ C/ 1091. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Huntingdon Re search Centre, England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 070561 E).

MRID 90074 Roberts, N. L.; Fairley, C.; Chanter, D. O.; et al. ( 1981) The Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Cypermethrin on Reproduction in the Bobwhite Quail: ICI 342/ 81341; CTL/ C/ 1105. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, England, submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wil mington, Del.; CDL: 070561 F).

MRID 90075 Jaber, M. J.; Hawk, R. E. ( 1981) The Acute Toxicity of Cypermethrin to Sheepshead Minnows ( Cyprinodon variegatus): Report Series TMUE0002/ B. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 079561 G).

MRID 00112912 Jaber, M. J.; Hawk, R. E. ( 1981) The Acute Toxicity of Cypermethrin to Sheepshead Minnows ( Cyprinodon variegatus): Report Series TMUE0002/ B. ( Unpublished study received Dec 30, 1981 under 10182 64; submitted by ICI Americas, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; CDL: 079561 G).

MRID 152737 Getty, C.; Wilkinson, W.; Swaine, H.; et al. ( 1983) Cypermethrin: Effects of Multiple Low Rate Applications on Experimental Ponds: Report No. RJ0182B. Unpublished study prepared by Imperial Chemical Industries PLC. 62 p.

MRID 152739 Everett, C. J., M. J. Hamer, and I. R. Hill. ( 1983). 3 phenoxybenzoic acid: Toxicity to first instar Daphnia magna ( II). Report Series RJ 0318B. Prepared and submitted by ICI Plant Protection Division, Bracknell, Berkshire, England.

MRID 155770 Crossland, N. ( 1982) Aquatic toxicology of cypermethrin. II. Fate and biological effects in pond experiments. Aquatic Toxicology 2: 205 222.

MRID 155772 Crossland, N.; Shires, S.; Bennett, D. ( 1982) Aquatic toxicology of cypermethrin. III. Fate, and biological effects of spray drift deposits in fresh  110 water adjacent to agricultural land. Aquatic Toxicology 2: 253 270.

MRID 9202704 Guttmann, E. ( 1990) ICI Americas Inc. Phase 3 Summary of MRID 00112912. Cypermethrin: Three Generation Reproduction Study in the Rat: CTL Report No.: CTL/ P/ 683; CTL Study No.: RR0143.: 9 p.

MRID 41068003 McLeese, D.; Metcalfe, C.; Zitko, V. ( 1980) Lethality of permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate to salmon, lobster and shrimp. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 25: 950 955.

MRID 41968212 Chandler, A. ( 1990) FMC 45806: Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Flow through Test Conditions: Lab Project Number: 3903026 0350 3140. Unpublished study prepared by Environmental Science and Engineering( ESE), Inc. 43 p.

MRID 42068504 Berry, D. ( 1991) Addendum to Phase 3 Summary of MRID No. 112912, Cypermethrin: Three Generation Reproduction Study in the Rat: Lab Project Number: CTL/ P/ 683. Unpublished study prepared by ICI Central Toxicology Lab. 6 p.

MRID 42725301 Wheat, J. ( 1993) FMC 30980( carbon 14) Cypermethrin: Chronic Toxicity to the Mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, Under Flow Through Test Conditions: Lab Project Number: J9205004A. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 63 p.

MRID 44074402 Gentle, W.; Goggin, U.; Rapley, J.; et al. ( 1996) Cypermethrin: Toxicity to Chironomus tentans in Sediment Water Systems: Lab Project Number: RC0001: 96JH007. Unpublished study prepared by Zeneca Agrochemicals. 31 p.

MRID 44074406 Farrelly, E.; Gentle, W.; Goggin, U.; et al. ( 1996) Cypermethrin: Toxicity to Hyalella azteca in Sediment Water Systems: Lab Project Number: RC0006: 95JH228. Unpublished study prepared by Zeneca Agrochemicals. 30 p.

MRID 44544208 Halsall, N. ( 1998) Betacypermethrin 10 EC: Acute Toxicity to Honey Bees ( Apis mellifera): Lab Project Number: PWT 131/ 963589: PWT 131. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 29 p.  111 MRID 44546024 Johnson, A. ( 1998) Acute Toxicity ( LD50) to Bobwhite Quail: Betacypermethrin: Lab Project Number: PWT 129: PWT 129/ 962076. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 38 p.

MRID 44546025 Johnson, A. ( 1998) Dietary ( LC50) to the Mallard Duck: Betacypermethrin: Lab Project Number: PWT 128: PWT 128/ 962075. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 40 p.

MRID 44546026 Johnson, A. ( 1998) Dietary LC50) to the Bobwhite Quail: Betacypermethrin: Lab Project Number: PWT 127: PWT 127/ 962074. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 40 p.

MRID 44546027 Sousa, J. ( 1998) ( Carbon 14) Cypermethrin Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 11 7166: 12442.1096.6223.108. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 91 p.

MRID 44546030 Sousa, J. ( 1998) Cypermethrin Technical Acute Toxicity to Bluegill Sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 12 7195: 12442.1096.6224.105. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 76 p.

MRID 44546031 Putt, A. ( 1998) ( Carbon 14)( Beta) Cypermethrin Acute Toxicity to Daphnids ( Daphnia magna) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 9 7079: 12442.1096.6227.115. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 95 p.

MRID 44546032 Putt, A. ( 1998) Cypermethrin Technical Acute Toxicity to Daphnids ( Daphnia magna) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 11 7138: 12442.1096.6226.115. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 74 p.

MRID 44546034 Sousa, J. ( 1998) ( Carbon 14)( Beta) Cypermethrin Chronic Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 1 7212: 12442.1096.6231.505. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 91 p.

MRID 44546035 Sousa, J. ( 1998) ( Carbon 14)( Beta) Cypermethrin Chronic Toxicity to  112 Mysids ( Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 12 7170: 12442.1096.6232.530. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Labs., Inc. 101 p.

MRID 44561209 Putt, A. ( 1998) ( Carbon 14) Beta Cypermethrin Acute Toxicity to Mysids ( Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow Through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 97 11 7153: 12442.1096.6229.515. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Laboratories, Inc. 79 p.

MRID 44561210 Putt, A. ( 1998) Cypermethrin Technical Acute Toxicity to Mysids ( Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow through Conditions: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 98 1 7224: 12442.1096.6228.815. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn laboratories, Inc. 76 p.  113 Open Literature and Government Reports Beyer, W. N.; Connor, E; Gerould, S. 1994. Survey of soil ingestion by wildlife. Journal of Wildlife Management 58: 375 382.

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Cypermethrin ( a mixture of the cis and trans isomers), at a starting concentration of 10 ppb, was reported to be relatively stable to abiotic hydrolysis at 25 "

C in pH 5 and 7 buffered solutions over the course of a 30 day study period. However, in pH 9 solutions, the computed half lives were 1.8 days and 2.5 days for 14C cyclopropyl labeled and 14C benzyl labeled cypermethrin, respectively.

The major cyclopropyl labeled degradate at pH 9 was a mixture of cis and trans DCVA. DCVA steadily increased from 0% of the applied radioactivity at the start of the experiment to 23.2% ( hour 12), 35.3% ( hour 24), 49.8% ( hour 36), 55.5% ( hour 48), 69.6% ( hour 72), and 78.7% ( hour 120).

The major benzyl labeled degradate at pH 9 was 3 phenoxybenzaldehyde. The degradate 3 phenoxybenzaldehyde steadily increased from 0% of applied radioactivity at the start of the experiment to 13.8% ( hour 12), 22.3% ( hour 24), 31.0% ( hour 36), 39.3% ( hour 48), 54.6% ( hour 72), and 64.9% ( hour 120).

161 2 Aqueous Photolysis ( MRID 42395701)

The photolysis half life of 14C cyclopropyl labeled cypermethrin ( 0.1 ppm dissolved in 20% acetonitrile) in aqueous pH 7 buffered solution was 36.2 days when exposed to sunlight from Richmond, CA in the months of March and April. For 14C benzyl labeled cypermethrin exposed to the sunlight, the overall half life was approximately 20 days, but the buffer may not have been properly sterilized since this solution showed growth of gram negative bacteria at the end of the study. A major degradate was determined to be present, but not identified in the experiment performed with the cyclopropyl labeled cypermethrin. It steadily increased to 21.2% of applied radioactivity on day 30 in the sunlight irradiated solution, compared to 5.8% of applied amount on day 30 in the dark control. The degradate trans DCVA was detected at a maximum of 4.5% ( day 14) in the sunlight irradiated solution compared to a maximum of 0.8% ( day 14) in the dark control. The major benzyl labeled degradate was 3 phenoxybenzoic acid which steadily increased from below its detection limit at day 0 to 34.6% ( day 35) in the sunlight irradiated solution, compared to a maximum of 8.1% ( day 28) in the dark control.

Cypermethrin at 50 ppb had observed half lives in river water, seawater and distilled water + 1% humic acid in the range of 0.7 to 3.4 days when exposed to sunlight in Takarazoka, Japan in August ( Takahashi et al. 1985). These authors noted that the cis isomers underwent photodegradation 1.4 1.7 times faster than the trans isomers. The half lives in dark control samples were reported to be > 10 days for each sample preparation. No metabolites were  A 2 identified and dark control corrected half lives were not presented.

161 3 Soil Photolysis ( MRID 42129001)

Cypermethrin at 20 ppm underwent photodegradation on a thin film of Thurston fine sandy loam soil ( 76% sand, 13% silt, 11% clay, 1.8% OM, pH 6.9) exposed to sunlight from Richmond, CA for 35 days in February and March, with a registrant calculated half life of about 55 days. Cypermethrin was labeled with 14C at both the phenyl and cyclopropyl moieties of the molecule. In both the irradiated samples and dark controls cyperamide was observed as a degradation product and were similar throughout the course of the study. Cyperamide levels increased from 1.7 3.4% of the applied dose at day 7 to 9.2 to 13.3% at day 35.

The half life of 14C cypermethrin labeled at the cyclopropyl moiety was 55 ( r2 = 0.993) days while the half life of this sample in the dark control was 100.5 days ( r2 = 0.861). The half life of phenyl labeled cypermethrin was determined to be 56.5 days ( r2 = 0.950), while the dark control half life was 75.9 ( r2 = 0.750). Dark control corrected half lives of 100 and 128 days were calculated for the . The half life in a dark control was 100 days. Dark control corrected photodegradation halflives of 128 and 219 days were calculated for cypermethrin labeled at the cyclopropyl and phenyl moieties, respectively, by subtracting the dark control rate constant from the rate constant of the irradiated samples.

163 3 Field Volatility Given the fact that cypermethrin adsorbs strongly to soils and partitions to sediment in the water column, and based upon a vapor pressure of 2.5x10 9 mm Hg and Henry's Law constant of 3.4x10 7 atm m3/ mol, cypermethrin is not expected to have any significant potential for volatilization from water or soil surfaces.

162 1 Aerobic Soil Metabolism ( MRID 42156601)

Half lives of 60.7 days and 59.8 days were observed for 14C cyclopropyl labeled and 14C phenyl labeled cypermethrin, respectively, in a Thurston fine sandy loam soil ( 76% sand, 13% silt, 11% clay, 1.8% OM, pH 6.9) incubated in the dark at 25 "

C under aerobic conditions.

In the cyclopropyl labeled study, the major degradates were 14CO 2 and a mixture of cis and trans DCVA. The 14CO 2 steadily increased to a maximum of 35.8% of applied radioactivity ( day 128).  A 3 The DCVA cis/ trans mixture increased to a maximum of 24.2% of applied amount on day 62 and then decreased to 18.1% ( day 91), 7.9% ( day 122), and 4.4% ( day 150). In the phenyl labeled study, the major degradate was 4CO 2 which steadily increased to a maximum of 46.1% of applied radioactivity on the last day ( day 150) of the study. The degradate 3 phenoxybenzoic acid increased to a maximum of 8.4% of applied amount on day 30 and then declined to 5.8% ( day 44), 6.6% ( day 62), 4.4% ( day 91), 3.5% ( day 122), and 1.7% ( day 150).

162 2 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism ( MRID 42156602)

Using a Thurston fine sandy loam soil ( 76% sand, 13% silt, 11% clay, 1.8% OM, pH 6.9), 14Ccyclopropyl and 14C phenyl labeled cypermethrin degraded with half lives of 53.3 and 63 days, respectively under anaerobic ( flooded) conditions following 32 days of aerobic incubation. The major 14C cyclopropyl labeled degradate was a mixture of cis and trans DCVA. It increased from 14% of the applied radioactivity on the first day that anaerobic conditions to 33.3% ( day 30), then decreased slightly to 26.3% ( day 60). 14CO 2 steadily increased from 4.8% of applied radioactivity on the first day that anaerobic conditions were established to 5.8% ( day 14), 6.2% ( day 30), 7.2% ( day 45), and 10.9% ( day 60).

The major 14C phenyl labeled degradate was 3 phenoxybenzoic acid which steadily increased from 7.5% of applied radioactivity on the first day that anaerobic conditions were established, to 25.9% at day 60 postflooding. 14CO 2 increased from 13.2% of applied radioactivity on day 0 of the flooded period to 20.9% ( day 60).

162 4 Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism ( MRID 45920801)

The biotransformation of [ 14C] zeta cypermethrin dissolved in acetonitrile and applied at 0.15 mg a. i./ L ( approximately 0.2 lbs a. i./ A applied to a 6 inch deep water body) was studied in a rice field water clay loam soil system ( water pH 7.6, organic carbon not reported; soil pH 5.2 6.5, organic matter 2.7%) from California for 30 days under aerobic conditions in darkness at 25 ± 1 ° C. Cypermethrin was labeled at both the phenyl and cyclopropyl moieties. For both labels, [ 14C] zetacypermethrin in the total system ( water and soil) decreased from 87.1 104.2% of the applied amount at day 0 post treatment to 47.3 51.3% at 1 week, 26.6 34.7% at 2 weeks, 14.4 17.7% at 3 weeks and was 8.8 13.1% at study termination. In the water layers, phenyl labeled [ 14C] zetacypermethrin decreased from 68.7 74.6% at day 0 to 12.6 22.9% at 1 day, 7.2 8.5% at 3 days, 1.9 3.2% at 1 week and was # 0.7% thereafter, whereas cyclopropyl labeled [ 14C] zetacypermethrin decreased from 80.2 81.6% on day 0 to 19.0 19.8% at 1 day and was # 0.5% by 3 days. In the soil, [ 14C] zeta cypermethrin ( both labels) increased from 16.2 29.7% at day 0 to 59.5 73.4% at 1 3 days, then decreased to 26.6 34.6% at 2 weeks and was 8.6 12.9% at 1 month. Based on first order linear regression analysis, [ 14C] zeta cypermethrin dissipated ( both labels plotted together) in the water layer, soil and total system with reviewer calculated half lives of 4, 10 and 9 days, respectively. 14C Cyclopropyl and 14C phenyl labeled zeta cypermethrin  A 4 degraded with half lives of 9.8 and 8.9 days, respectively in the total system. It is noted that the pH of the water increased to 8.33 8.35 at day 10 of the study before declining to 7.62 7.77 by day 30. The relatively alkaline nature of the system likely contributed to the quick rate of degradation and relatively short half lives observed.

Three major nonvolatile transformation products were identified as 3 phenoxybenzoic acid ( 3 PBA), trans DCVA and cis DCVA. One minor degradation product was also identified, DCVAdicarboxylic acid. Mineralization to carbon dioxide was significant for both cyclopropyl and phenyl labeled zeta cypermethrin, reaching to 11.4 % and 47.1%, respectively, at day 30.

162 3 Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism ( MRID 44876105)

[ 14C] zeta Cypermethrin, dissolved in acetonitrile and applied at a nominal rate of 0.15 ppm, degraded with registrant calculated half lives of 13.8 days and 16.5 days ( benzyl and cyclopropyl labels, respectively), in flooded clay loam sediment, incubated anaerobically in the dark, at 25 ± 1 ° C for up to 90 days ( benzyl label) or 183 days ( cyclopropyl label).

In the benzyl labeled study, the parent compound was initially present in the total sediment/ water system at 91.5% of the nominal application; it decreased to 51.4% of the applied by 3 days and 38% by 7 days post treatment. In the cyclopropyl labeled study, the parent compound was initially present in the total sediment/ water system at 81.6 of the nominal application, and decreased to 44.1% by 7 days and 34.7% by 14 days post treatment. In the benzyl labeled study, the majority of the radioactivity of the parent was associated with the sediment (# 2.3% present in the water). Similarly, in the cyclopropyl labeled study, the majority of the radioactivity was associated with the sediment (# 0.96% present in the water). There was one major degradate in the benzyl ring labeled study, 3 phenoxybenzoic acid. This degradate was present at small levels in the aqueous phase (# 1.4% of the applied throughout the study). This degradate reached a maximum in the sediment at 30 days post treatment, with 42.5% of the applied amount. It decreased thereafter to 1.5% at 90 days post application.

The degradates observed in the cyclopropyl ring labeled study included trans DCVA, which increased in the aqueous phase to a maximum of 34.1% of the applied amount by 30 days and decreased to # 0.8% by 181 183 days. The same degradate, trans DCVA, was present in the sediment at a maximum of 31.3% of the applied amount by 71 days post treatment; by 183 days it was only 21% of the applied. In the aqueous phase, one minor degradate, DCVA diCOOH ( more than three isomers present), was observed at a maximum of 6.7% of the applied radioactivity at 118 days and 1.3% by day 183 post application. In the sediment this degradate was variable, with a maximum of 7.2% of the applied radioactivity by 183 days.

Nonextractable [ 14C] residues were a maximum of 14.0% of the applied amount at 183 days post  A 5 treatment. Organic volatiles were negligible. Material balances were 85.3 100.9% of the applied radioactivity.

163 1 Mobility  Leaching and Adsorption/ Desorption ( MRID ' s 42129003 and 42129002)

Data on the adsorption and desorption of cypermethrin were provided for the four soils shown in table A 1:

Table A 1. Properties of the Soils Soil location % Sand % Silt % Clay % OM pH Tavares ( FL) 94 2 4 0.4 6.0 Thurston ( WI) 76 13 11 1.8 6.9 Georgetown ( KY) 29 51 20 4.5 7.4 Troy Grove 10 59 31 3.9 7.0 The reported Freundlich adsorption and desorption binding constants and exponents for cypermethrin binding to the 4 test soils are provided in table A 2:

Table A 2.1. Freundlich Constants for Cypermethrin in the Four Soils Parameter Tavares Sand Thurston Sandy Loam Gergetowm Silty Loam Troy Grove Clay Loam Kd( ads) 657 1160 1900 416 KOC, ads 328,500 134,900 82,600 20,800 ( 1/ n) ads 1.25 1.33 1.47 1.16 r2 ( adsorp. isotherms) 0.957 0.972 0.993 0.967 Kf( des) 1260 191 602 262 ( 1/ n) des 1.29 1.01 1.22 1.10 Table A 2.1. Freundlich Constants for Cypermethrin in the Four Soils Parameter Tavares Sand Thurston Sandy Loam Gergetowm Silty Loam Troy Grove Clay Loam  A 6 r2 ( desorp. isotherms) 0.923 0.989 0.994 0.989 These data indicate that cypermethrin is immobile in soils and generally does not leach to lower soil horizons and groundwater.

The mobility of cypermethrin and its primary degradation products ( DCVA and 3 PBA) were studied by aged soil column leaching experiments ( MRID 42129002). Cypermethrin was shown to be relatively immobile in sandy loam soil columns aged for 30 days and leached with 20 inches of 0.1 M CaCl 2 . Approximately 73 93% of the applied radioactivity remained in the upper 6 inch layer of the soil column; however, up to 13.2% of the applied radioactivity leached out of the soil column in the form of DCVA.

163 1 Batch Equilibrium Adsorption/ Desorption ( m PBA and trans DCVA, MRID 43424901, Partial)

It can be concluded that the cypermethrin degradates 3 PBA and trans DCVA have a high potential for mobility in the soils tested as they were weakly sorbed to four soils tested. 3 PBA was slightly more sorbed ( K oc values ranging from 118 to 215) to the tested soils than was trans DCVA ( K oc values ranging from 18 to 48). A summary of the results appears in the following tables:  A 7 Table A 2.2. Summary table batch equilibrium study of m PBA.

Freundlich adsorption coefficients Freundlich desorption coefficients Soil K Koc Mobility classification K Koc Sand ND ND very mobile ND ND Silty clay 3.11 122 high 3.76 147 Sandy loam 0.98 118 high 0.93 112 Sandy loam 2.44 215 medium 2.13 187 Kd   Adsorption and desorption coefficients; K   Freundlich adsorption and desorption coefficients; 1/ N   Slope of adsorption/ desorption isotherms; Koc   Coefficient adsorption per organic carbon ( Kd or K x 100/% organic carbon)

Table A 2.3. Summary table batch equilibrium study of trans DCVA.

Freundlich adsorption coefficients Freundlich desorption coefficients Soil K Koc Mobility classification K Koc Sand ND ND Very mobile ND ND Silty clay 0.46 18 Very mobile 0.91 36 Sandy loam 0.16 19 Very mobile 0.36 44 Sandy loam 0.54 48 Very mobile 0.72 64 ND   Not determined due to lack of adsorption; Kd   Adsorption and desorption coefficients; K   Freundlich adsorption and desorption coefficients; 1/ N   Slope of adsorption/ desorption isotherms; Koc   Coefficient adsorption per organic carbon ( Kd or K x 100/% organic carbon)

164 1 Terrestrial Field Dissipation ( MRID 42459601)

Madera CA: Cypermethrin in the form of Ammo 2.5 EC was applied three times at 0.2 lb ai/ acre/ application to a bare silt loam soil ( 78 82% sand, 14 20% silt, 2 4% clay, 0.2 0.6% OM, pH 6.5 7.2). Total rainfall and irrigation combined were 0.68 inches 0 13 days after the last application, and 0.77 inches 14 26 days after the last application. Total rainfall and irrigation combined during the study was 16.5 inches. Soil cores were collected immediately after each of the 3 applications, and periodically thereafter until day180 after the last ( 3rd) application. The soil cores were analyzed for cypermethrin and potential degradates cis DCVA, trans DCVA, and 3  A 8 phenoxybenzoic acid. Based upon dissipation in the upper 12 inches of the field, a half life of 13 days was estimated for cypermethrin.

Cypermethrin was detected in 3 6" cores collected immediately after each application ( 18, 8, and 33 µ g/ kg), and the following days after the 3rd application: day 2 ( 20 µ g/ kg) and day 4 ( 29 µ g/ kg). Cypermethrin was detected at 10 µ g/ kg in one 6 12" core collected 2 days after the last application, but it was not detected above a detection limit of 7 µ g/ kg in any soil cores collected below 6 inches. The degradate 3 phenoxybenzoic acid was detected in 0 3" cores collected immediately after the 2nd application ( 8 µ g/ kg), immediately after the third application ( 17 µ g/ kg), and the following days after the 3rd application: day 2 ( 25 µ g/ kg), day 4 ( 32 µ g/ kg), day 7 ( 25 µ g/ kg), day 14 ( 24 µ g/ kg), day 21 ( 8 µ g/ kg), and day 28 ( 7 µ g/ kg). It was not detected above a detection limit of 7 µ g/ kg in any soil cores collected below 3 inches. Potential degradates cis and trans DCVA were not detected above a detection limit of 7 µ g/ kg in any of the soil cores.

Cheneyville LA: Cypermethrin in the form of Ammo 2.5 EC was applied three times at 0.2 lb ai/ acre/ application to a bare loamy sand soil ( 30% sand, 64% silt, 6% clay, 0.7% OM, pH 7.0). Total rainfall and irrigation were 4.4 inches 0 7 days after the last application, and 1.45 inches 8 14 days after the last application. Total rainfall and irrigation during the study was 53.7 inches. Soil cores were collected immediately after each of the 3 applications, and periodically thereafter through 150 days after the last ( 3rd) application. The soil cores were analyzed for cypermethrin and potential degradates cis DCVA, trans DCVA, and 3 phenoxybenzoic acid. Based upon dissipation in the top 0 3" soil cores, the dissipation half life for cypermethrin was 5 days. Cypermethrin was not detected above a detection limit of 7 µ g/ kg in any cores collected below 3 inches.

The degradate trans DCVA was detected in 0 3" cores collected on the following days after the 3rd application: day 2 ( 16 µ g/ kg) and day 7 ( 8 µ g/ kg). The degradate 3 phenoxybenzoic acid was detected in 0 3" cores collected immediately after the 2nd application ( 10 µ g/ kg), immediately after the 3rd application ( 20 µ g/ L), and 2 days after the 3rd application ( 44 µ g/ kg). The degradate cis DCVA was not detected above a detection limit of 7 µ g/ kg in any of the soil cores. None of the analytes were detected above a detection limit of 7 µ g/ kg in any of the soil cores collected below 3 inches.

164 2 Aquatic Field Dissipation ( MRID 44876107)

Two aquatic field dissipation studies of zeta cypermethrin on rice plots in California and Louisiana provide limited supplemental information. However, the results ( in particular, the halflives are considered of low value. The half lives were determined using detections below the LOQ; the parent was not detected above the LOQ ( 5 ppb) following 14 days ( other than in single replicates at 30 and 90 days) and 30 days posttreatment at the CA and LA sites, respectively. In addition:  A 9 * the analytical methodology, specifically sample storage, may have been inadequate for the determination of the parent and the degradates in test samples;

* storage stability data were not reported for soil and sediment samples, and storage stability data for the degradate 3 PBA in water were inadequate; and * the soil at the Louisiana field site was not completely characterized.

It is also noted that the reported half lives of 181 days in Sutter County, CA, and 126 days in St. Landry Parish, LA, do not agree with the values of the supplemental aerobic aquatic metabolism study ( t ½ = 9 10 days) or the anaerobic aquatic metabolism study ( t ½ = 14 17 days). The reported half lives included the sediments only, not the floodwater.

165 4 Bioaccumulation in Fish ( MRID 42868203)

Bluegill sunfish were exposed in separate tests to nominal concentrations of 0.20 µ g/ L 14Ccyclopropyl and 14C benzyl labeled cypermethrin in flow through tanks for a 28 day uptake phase. Mean measured exposure concentrations were 0.19 µ g/ L for the cyclopropyl labeled residues and 0.18 µ g/ L for the benzyl labeled residues. After 28 days of exposure the bluegill sunfish were placed in cypermethrin free water for a 21 day depuration phase.

Maximum total 14C cyclopropyl residue BCFs were 161 ( for edible tissue on day 28), 833 ( for viscera on day 28), and 444 ( for whole fish on day 28). BCFs gradually increased with increasing exposure time, and steady state may not have been obtained by the last day of exposure ( day 28). After 21 days depuration, total 14C cyclopropyl residues declined from 29 µ g/ kg to 3.2 µ g/ kg in edible tissues, from 150 µ g/ kg to 13 µ g/ kg in viscera, and from 80 µ g/ kg to 11 µ g/ kg in whole fish.

Maximum total 14C benzyl residue BCFs were 111 ( for edible tissue on day 28), 579 ( for viscera on day 21), and 468 ( for whole fish on day 21). BCFs rapidly increased with increasing exposure time and appeared to reach approximate steady state by only 1 day of exposure for viscera and whole fish. For edible tissue, BCFs gradually increased with increasing exposure time, and steady state may not have been obtained by the last day of exposure ( day 28). After 21 days of depuration, total 14C benzyl residues declined from 21 µ g/ kg to 2.9 µ g/ kg in edible tissues, from 93 µ g/ kg to 12 µ g/ kg in viscera, and from 57 µ g/ kg to 10 µ g/ kg in whole fish.  A 10 Table A 3 summarizes major degradation products of cypermethrin, organized by study type.

Table A 3. Major Degradation Products of Cypermethrin by Study Type a Degradate Name Maximum % of Applied Study Type MRID #

DCVA 79% ( pH = 9 only) Hydrolysis 42620501 3 Phenoxybenzaldehyde 65% ( pH = 9 only) Hydrolysis 42620501 3 Phenoxybenzoic acid 35% Aqueous photolysis 42395701 Cyperamide 13.3% Soil photolysis 42129001 CO2 36 41% Aerobic soil metabolism 42156601 DCVA 24% Aerobic soil metabolism 42156601 CO2 11 21% Anaerobic soil metabolism 42156602 DCVA 33% Anaerobic soil metabolism 42156602 3 Phenoxybenzoic acid 26% Anaerobic soil metabolism 42156602 DCVA 42% Aerobic aquatic metabolism 45920801 3 Phenoxybenzoic acid 22% Aerobic aquatic metabolism 45920801 CO2 11 47% Aerobic aquatic metabolism 45920801 3 Phenoxybenzoic acid 42% Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 44876105 DCVA 34% Anaerobic aquatic metabolism 44876105 a. Major (> 10% of the initially applied amount) transformation products only.  A 11 Cypermethrin and its Degradation Products O CN O O Cl Cl COOH Cl Cl DCVA O COOH O CHO Cypermethrin 3 Phenoxybenzoic acid ( 3 PBA or m PBA)

3 Phenoxybenzaldehyde O C O O Cl Cl O NH2 Cyperamide  A 12 alpha Cypermethrin  A 13  A 14 beta Cypermethrin  A 15 theta Cypermethrin  A 16  B 1 zeta Cypermethrin APPENDIX B. Aquatic Exposure Model Output ( PRZM/ EXAMS)

1. 1 in 10 year Probability For ecological risk assessment, it is important to match the averaging time to the duration of the toxicity study. However, of the multiple years of data, which EEC should be selected in the calculation of the RQ? The most conservative case would be to choose the maximum EEC for each averaging time. An alternative would be to calculate an upper end value that is less than the maximum. One statistic adopted by OPP for use in ecological risk assessment is the 1 in 10 year return value. This is the EEC that, on average, will be exceeded only once every 10 years. It is important to note that for any single 10 year period, the 1 in 10 year value may be exceeded more than once, or not at all. The key concept is that it represents the average probability of exceedance.

The 1 in 10 year statistic can be calculated using probability plotting methods. There are a number of different techniques, but a common practice in hydrology for plotting flow duration and flood frequency curves is to use the plotting position associated with the Weibull distribution ( Helsel and Hirsch 1993). The general formula for probability plotting is given by:

where p is the probability level, n is the number of data points, and a is a coefficient that varies between 0 and 0.5. For the Weibull distribution, a is 0 so the plotting position is For the PRZM/ EXAMS simulations presented above, there are 30 years of meteorological data, so n = 30. To generate a Weibull probability plot to estimate the exceedance probabilities, the data should be sorted in descending order. That is, there is a lower probability of exceeding the maximum EEC than the second highest EEC. The plotting position associated with the maximum value is then calculated as follows:  B 2 The minimum and maximum probability values associated with the entire data set will approach [ 0, 1] as the sample size increases. Sometimes probability plots are used to estimate the values beyond the observed range. To calculate the 1 in 10 year statistic, we need the EEC associated with a probability value of 0.100. This value does not correspond directly with any of the modeled values, but it is between third highest value ( p = 0.097) and fourth highest value ( 0.129). An interpolation procedure is needed to estimate the EEC associated with p = 0.100. A linear interpolation is commonly performed, although two methods are available. One method involves fitting a line to the entire set of data plotted on a Weibull probability plot. The second method involves a linear interpolation only between the two values that encompass the desired p value. PRZM/ EXAMS output is based on the Weibull plotting positions with a straight line interpolation between just the two data values that encompass the desired p value of 0.100.

Reference:

Helsel, D. R. and R. M. Hirsch. 1993. Statistical Methods in Water Resources. Elsevier. Amsterdam.

2. PRZM/ EXAMS Model Results California Lettuce  One Crop per Year Surface Water Levels stored as CypermethrinCA_ lettuce. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAlettuceC1. txt modified Thuday, 17 February 2005 at 15: 15: 33EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 11: 33: 30Metfile: w23273. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 08: 04: 22 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.1706 0.05205 0.03281 0.02366 0.01733 0.005827 1962 0.1711 0.05274 0.03342 0.0243 0.01804 0.007884 1963 0.1708 0.0521 0.03304 0.02384 0.01794 0.006356 1964 0.1711 0.05265 0.03334 0.02414 0.01956 0.007149 1965 0.2204 0.06687 0.03327 0.02409 0.01772 0.007589 1966 0.1711 0.05261 0.03336 0.02415 0.01778 0.007637 1967 0.1712 0.05264 0.03344 0.02424 0.01782 0.007614  B 3 1968 0.1708 0.05226 0.03304 0.02385 0.0197 0.006153 1969 0.1713 0.0529 0.03361 0.02443 0.01804 0.008468 1970 0.1712 0.05277 0.03351 0.02427 0.01794 0.007467 1971 0.1711 0.05259 0.03333 0.02415 0.01784 0.006429 1972 0.1709 0.05701 0.03319 0.024 0.01802 0.006987 1973 0.1713 0.05518 0.03364 0.02443 0.01805 0.009469 1974 0.2932 0.08661 0.03357 0.02439 0.0187 0.01004 1975 0.1712 0.05284 0.03353 0.02435 0.01805 0.007151 1976 0.3089 0.09639 0.0437 0.03637 0.0296 0.009607 1977 0.1709 0.05236 0.03316 0.02399 0.01762 0.006878 1978 0.4649 0.1804 0.06062 0.03647 0.0279 0.01267 1979 0.171 0.05241 0.03331 0.02416 0.01782 0.007072 1980 0.1709 0.06127 0.03321 0.02405 0.01769 0.007857 1981 0.1709 0.05231 0.03311 0.02396 0.01788 0.007127 1982 0.1708 0.05211 0.03301 0.02382 0.01753 0.006774 1983 0.1701 0.0544 0.03232 0.02325 0.0179 0.009033 1984 0.17 0.05094 0.03217 0.02304 0.01661 0.005909 1985 0.1707 0.05206 0.0329 0.02374 0.01743 0.006591 1986 0.1709 0.0525 0.0332 0.02498 0.01863 0.006887 1987 0.1709 0.05238 0.03313 0.02397 0.01826 0.00709 1988 0.1707 0.05226 0.03296 0.02386 0.01754 0.006665 1989 0.1709 0.05242 0.03315 0.02405 0.0177 0.005741 1990 0.1705 0.05191 0.03272 0.02367 0.0173 0.005411  B 4 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 0.28592 0.084636 0.033637 0.024925 0.019686 0.0095932 Average of yearly averages: 0.00745106666666667 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: CypermethrinCA_ lettuce Metfile: w23273. dvf PRZM scenario: CAlettuceC1. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT .039 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 8 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA  B 5 IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 1 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 1  B 6 Pore Water Values Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.00445 0.004399 0.003994 0.003267 0.00279 0.001097 1962 0.004733 0.004681 0.00428 0.003555 0.003078 0.002048 1963 0.00453 0.004473 0.004056 0.003302 0.002886 0.001382 1964 0.004694 0.004642 0.00424 0.003566 0.003542 0.001618 1965 0.004819 0.004765 0.004332 0.003465 0.002959 0.001728 1966 0.004694 0.004643 0.004236 0.003486 0.003005 0.001883 1967 0.004721 0.004669 0.00426 0.003504 0.002998 0.001919 1968 0.00455 0.004498 0.004091 0.003512 0.003297 0.001349 1969 0.004811 0.004759 0.004354 0.003653 0.003197 0.002094 1970 0.004762 0.00471 0.004303 0.003554 0.003064 0.001597 1971 0.004684 0.004633 0.004227 0.003495 0.003024 0.001637 1972 0.004777 0.004724 0.004281 0.003453 0.003247 0.001548 1973 0.005381 0.005337 0.0049 0.004199 0.003726 0.002403 1974 0.005131 0.005087 0.004747 0.003903 0.003461 0.002486 1975 0.004779 0.004727 0.004325 0.003591 0.003104 0.001932 1976 0.008853 0.008758 0.007761 0.00661 0.005893 0.002252 1977 0.004601 0.004549 0.004141 0.003398 0.002911 0.001508 1978 0.0103 0.01018 0.008919 0.006591 0.005566 0.003337 1979 0.00465 0.004596 0.004181 0.003432 0.002938 0.00168 1980 0.004624 0.004572 0.004164 0.003427 0.002944 0.0019 1981 0.004579 0.004527 0.004119 0.003384 0.002941 0.001664 1982 0.004522 0.004467 0.004052 0.003293 0.00288 0.001478 1983 0.005312 0.005259 0.004903 0.004049 0.003469 0.002156 1984 0.004134 0.004062 0.003646 0.002885 0.002436 0.0012 1985 0.00448 0.004428 0.004018 0.003277 0.002806 0.001533 1986 0.004636 0.004584 0.004182 0.003627 0.003168 0.001622 1987 0.004597 0.004545 0.004139 0.003394 0.003024 0.001608 1988 0.004536 0.004484 0.004082 0.003366 0.002889 0.001528 1989 0.00461 0.004558 0.004155 0.00343 0.002935 0.001363 1990 0.004408 0.004356 0.003948 0.003232 0.002756 0.001131 Sorted results 0.1 0.0053741 0.0053292 0.0049027 0.004184 0.0037076 0.0023879 Average of yearly averages: 0.00175603333333333  B 7  B 8 Sediment Levels Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day60 Day90 DayYearly 1961 25.23 24.94 22.64 18.52 15.82 6.22 1962 26.83 26.54 24.26 20.15 17.45 11.61 1963 25.68 25.36 22.99 18.72 16.36 7.833 1964 26.61 26.31 24.03 20.21 20.08 9.172 1965 27.32 27.01 24.56 19.64 16.77 9.796 1966 26.61 26.32 24.01 19.76 17.03 10.68 1967 26.76 26.47 24.15 19.86 17 10.88 1968 25.79 25.5 23.19 19.91 18.69 7.649 1969 27.27 26.98 24.68 20.71 18.12 11.87 1970 26.99 26.7 24.4 20.15 17.37 9.054 1971 26.56 26.26 23.97 19.82 17.14 9.277 1972 27.08 26.78 24.27 19.57 18.41 8.775 1973 30.5 30.25 27.78 23.8 21.13 13.62 1974 29.09 28.84 26.91 22.13 19.62 14.1 1975 27.09 26.8 24.52 20.36 17.6 10.95 1976 50.19 49.65 44 37.47 33.41 12.76 1977 26.08 25.79 23.47 19.26 16.5 8.549 1978 58.39 57.69 50.56 37.36 31.55 18.92 1979 26.36 26.06 23.7 19.45 16.66 9.525 1980 26.21 25.92 23.61 19.43 16.69 10.77 1981 25.96 25.66 23.35 19.18 16.67 9.432 1982 25.63 25.32 22.97 18.67 16.32 8.379 1983 30.11 29.81 27.8 22.95 19.67 12.22 1984 23.44 23.03 20.67 16.36 13.81 6.805 1985 25.4 25.1 22.78 18.58 15.9 8.692 1986 26.28 25.99 23.71 20.56 17.96 9.195 1987 26.06 25.77 23.46 19.24 17.15 9.118 1988 25.71 25.42 23.14 19.08 16.38 8.665 1989 26.14 25.84 23.55 19.44 16.64 7.728 1990 24.99 24.69 22.38 18.32 15.63 6.411 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 30.461 30.206 27.798 23.715 21.025 13.534 Average of yearly averages: 9.95516666666667  B 9 CA LETTUCE  TWO CROPS PER YEAR ON 05/ 01 AND 08/ 01 WATER COLUMN CONCENTRATIONS stored as Cypermethrin. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAlettuceC. txt modified Monday, 11 October 2004 at 16: 23: 40 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16: 33: 30 Metfile: w23273. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 22 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.1722 0.0536 0.03454 0.02554 0.01885 0.01119 1962 0.1739 0.06319 0.03638 0.02721 0.0204 0.01415 1963 0.1725 0.05402 0.03486 0.02584 0.01981 0.01195 1964 0.2346 0.07057 0.0355 0.02645 0.02285 0.01315 1965 0.3095 0.09372 0.03538 0.02635 0.01954 0.01374 1966 0.1729 0.0557 0.03534 0.02628 0.0195 0.01371 1967 0.1993 0.06896 0.03558 0.02647 0.01977 0.01375 1968 0.1736 0.05923 0.03481 0.02577 0.0224 0.01157 1969 0.1737 0.07417 0.03617 0.02706 0.02022 0.01491 1970 0.2211 0.0656 0.0356 0.02651 0.01978 0.01349 1971 0.187 0.07536 0.04171 0.02863 0.02156 0.0128 1972 0.1727 0.07972 0.0351 0.02605 0.02058 0.01278 1973 0.2041 0.07737 0.03592 0.02679 0.01987 0.01619 1974 0.4115 0.1214 0.03606 0.02688 0.02107 0.01712 1975 0.1733 0.05482 0.03571 0.02668 0.01997 0.0131 1976 0.4329 0.1346 0.06024 0.04598 0.0367 0.01645 1977 0.2737 0.0791 0.0401 0.02906 0.02156 0.01327 1978 0.7507 0.2368 0.07958 0.04549 0.03495 0.02096 1979 0.1727 0.05404 0.03515 0.02632 0.01952 0.01291 1980 0.2288 0.08596 0.03557 0.02638 0.0196 0.01402 1981 0.1728 0.05404 0.03523 0.02598 0.01953 0.01283 1982 0.1724 0.05376 0.03478 0.02576 0.0199 0.0125 1983 0.1781 0.07627 0.03648 0.02682 0.02024 0.01558 1984 0.1713 0.05285 0.03363 0.02447 0.01793 0.01118 1985 0.172 0.0533 0.03429 0.02526 0.0187 0.01204 1986 0.1727 0.05419 0.03507 0.02748 0.02067 0.01262 1987 0.1726 0.05404 0.03499 0.02597 0.02096 0.0129 1988 0.1724 0.05387 0.03475 0.02577 0.01909 0.01231  B 10 1989 0.1726 0.05407 0.03498 0.02606 0.01932 0.01099 1990 0.172 0.05336 0.03435 0.02548 0.01876 0.01054 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 0.7507 0.2368 0.07958 0.04598 0.0367 0.02096 0.0645161290322581 0.4329 0.1346 0.06024 0.04549 0.03495 0.01712 0.0967741935483871 0.4115 0.1214 0.04171 0.02906 0.02285 0.01645 0.129032258064516 0.3095 0.09372 0.0401 0.02863 0.0224 0.01619 0.161290322580645 0.2737 0.08596 0.03648 0.02748 0.02156 0.01558 0.193548387096774 0.2346 0.07972 0.03638 0.02721 0.02156 0.01491 0.225806451612903 0.2288 0.0791 0.03617 0.02706 0.02107 0.01415 0.258064516129032 0.2211 0.07737 0.03606 0.02688 0.02096 0.01402 0.290322580645161 0.2041 0.07627 0.03592 0.02682 0.02067 0.01375 0.32258064516129 0.1993 0.07536 0.03571 0.02679 0.02058 0.01374 0.354838709677419 0.187 0.07417 0.0356 0.02668 0.0204 0.01371 0.387096774193548 0.1781 0.07057 0.03558 0.02651 0.02024 0.01349 0.419354838709677 0.1739 0.06896 0.03557 0.02647 0.02022 0.01327 0.451612903225806 0.1737 0.0656 0.0355 0.02645 0.01997 0.01315 0.483870967741936 0.1736 0.06319 0.03538 0.02638 0.0199 0.0131 0.516129032258065 0.1733 0.05923 0.03534 0.02635 0.01987 0.01291 0.548387096774194 0.1729 0.0557 0.03523 0.02632 0.01981 0.0129 0.580645161290323 0.1728 0.05482 0.03515 0.02628 0.01978 0.01283 0.612903225806452 0.1727 0.05419 0.0351 0.02606 0.01977 0.0128 0.645161290322581 0.1727 0.05407 0.03507 0.02605 0.0196 0.01278 0.67741935483871 0.1727 0.05404 0.03499 0.02598 0.01954 0.01262  B 11 0.709677419354839 0.1726 0.05404 0.03498 0.02597 0.01953 0.0125 0.741935483870968 0.1726 0.05404 0.03486 0.02584 0.01952 0.01231 0.774193548387097 0.1725 0.05402 0.03481 0.02577 0.0195 0.01204 0.806451612903226 0.1724 0.05387 0.03478 0.02577 0.01932 0.01195 0.838709677419355 0.1724 0.05376 0.03475 0.02576 0.01909 0.01157 0.870967741935484 0.1722 0.0536 0.03454 0.02554 0.01885 0.01119 0.903225806451613 0.172 0.05336 0.03435 0.02548 0.01876 0.01118 0.935483870967742 0.172 0.0533 0.03429 0.02526 0.0187 0.01099 0.967741935483871 0.1713 0.05285 0.03363 0.02447 0.01793 0.01054 0.1 0.4013 0.118632 0.041549 0.029017 0.022805 0.016424 Average of yearly averages: 0.01349 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: Cypermethrin Metfile: w23273. dvf PRZM scenario: CAlettuceC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life  B 12 Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.039 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 01 05 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 6 interval 62 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 7 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 8 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 9 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 10 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 11 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF 0 Record 18: PLVKRT 0 PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 1 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 1 PORE WATER CONCENTRATIONS stored as Cypermethrinben. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAlettuceC. txt modified Monday, 11 October 2004 at 16: 23: 40 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16: 33: 30 Metfile: w23273. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 22 Benthic segment concentrations ( ppb)  B 13 Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.005197 0.005136 0.004719 0.003984 0.003464 0.002158 1962 0.006021 0.005962 0.005541 0.004745 0.004164 0.003524 1963 0.005342 0.00529 0.004875 0.004091 0.003651 0.002568 1964 0.006347 0.006293 0.005716 0.004882 0.004632 0.002936 1965 0.006656 0.006583 0.005983 0.004354 0.003893 0.003078 1966 0.005548 0.005486 0.005068 0.004312 0.003764 0.003253 1967 0.005778 0.005717 0.005242 0.004435 0.003874 0.003337 1968 0.005312 0.00525 0.004833 0.004381 0.004148 0.002477 1969 0.006313 0.006264 0.005807 0.005093 0.004458 0.003561 1970 0.005664 0.005602 0.005185 0.004426 0.003886 0.002863 1971 0.006516 0.006451 0.006024 0.004899 0.004301 0.003153 1972 0.006547 0.006475 0.005867 0.004649 0.004223 0.002777 1973 0.007491 0.00743 0.006822 0.005845 0.005184 0.00394 1974 0.007086 0.007026 0.006595 0.005422 0.004808 0.004113 1975 0.005831 0.005674 0.005246 0.004498 0.003961 0.003351 1976 0.0121 0.01196 0.0106 0.008873 0.00784 0.003752 1977 0.006111 0.006044 0.005623 0.004833 0.004137 0.002907 1978 0.01344 0.01324 0.01223 0.009116 0.007627 0.005338 1979 0.00544 0.00537 0.004952 0.004232 0.00369 0.002967 1980 0.00573 0.005687 0.005181 0.004411 0.003858 0.003274 1981 0.005473 0.005397 0.004973 0.004153 0.003585 0.002866 1982 0.005276 0.005206 0.004789 0.004055 0.003593 0.002681 1983 0.00741 0.007336 0.006841 0.005648 0.00484 0.003589 1984 0.004813 0.004761 0.004352 0.003581 0.003022 0.002245 1985 0.005078 0.005016 0.004599 0.003858 0.003354 0.002665 1986 0.005443 0.005386 0.005011 0.004478 0.003967 0.002864 1987 0.005397 0.005336 0.004919 0.004169 0.003778 0.002847 1988 0.005307 0.00525 0.004833 0.0041 0.003582 0.002735 1989 0.0054 0.005342 0.004925 0.004187 0.003647 0.002496 1990 0.005109 0.005045 0.004636 0.00392 0.003403 0.002171 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 0.01344 0.01324 0.01223 0.009116 0.00784 0.005338 0.0645161290322581 0.0121 0.01196 0.0106 0.008873 0.007627 0.004113 0.0967741935483871 0.007491 0.00743 0.006841 0.005845 0.005184 0.00394 0.129032258064516 0.00741 0.007336 0.006822 0.005648 0.00484  B 14 0.003752 0.161290322580645 0.007086 0.007026 0.006595 0.005422 0.004808 0.003589 0.193548387096774 0.006656 0.006583 0.006024 0.005093 0.004632 0.003561 0.225806451612903 0.006547 0.006475 0.005983 0.004899 0.004458 0.003524 0.258064516129032 0.006516 0.006451 0.005867 0.004882 0.004301 0.003351 0.290322580645161 0.006347 0.006293 0.005807 0.004833 0.004223 0.003337 0.32258064516129 0.006313 0.006264 0.005716 0.004745 0.004164 0.003274 0.354838709677419 0.006111 0.006044 0.005623 0.004649 0.004148 0.003253 0.387096774193548 0.006021 0.005962 0.005541 0.004498 0.004137 0.003153 0.419354838709677 0.005831 0.005717 0.005246 0.004478 0.003967 0.003078 0.451612903225806 0.005778 0.005687 0.005242 0.004435 0.003961 0.002967 0.483870967741936 0.00573 0.005674 0.005185 0.004426 0.003893 0.002936 0.516129032258065 0.005664 0.005602 0.005181 0.004411 0.003886 0.002907 0.548387096774194 0.005548 0.005486 0.005068 0.004381 0.003874 0.002866 0.580645161290323 0.005473 0.005397 0.005011 0.004354 0.003858 0.002864 0.612903225806452 0.005443 0.005386 0.004973 0.004312 0.003778 0.002863 0.645161290322581 0.00544 0.00537 0.004952 0.004232 0.003764 0.002847 0.67741935483871 0.0054 0.005342 0.004925 0.004187 0.00369 0.002777 0.709677419354839 0.005397 0.005336 0.004919 0.004169 0.003651 0.002735 0.741935483870968 0.005342 0.00529 0.004875 0.004153 0.003647 0.002681 0.774193548387097 0.005312 0.00525 0.004833 0.0041 0.003593 0.002665 0.806451612903226 0.005307 0.00525 0.004833 0.004091 0.003585 0.002568 0.838709677419355 0.005276 0.005206 0.004789 0.004055 0.003582 0.002496 0.870967741935484 0.005197 0.005136 0.004719 0.003984 0.003464 0.002477 0.903225806451613 0.005109 0.005045 0.004636 0.00392 0.003403  B 15 0.002245 0.935483870967742 0.005078 0.005016 0.004599 0.003858 0.003354 0.002171 0.967741935483871 0.004813 0.004761 0.004352 0.003581 0.003022 0.002158 0.1 0.0074829 0.0074206 0.0068391 0.0058253 0.0051496 0.0039212 Average of yearly averages: 0.00308286666666667 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: Cypermethrin Metfile: w23273. dvf PRZM scenario: CAlettuceC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.039 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 01 05 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.  B 16 Interval 4 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 6 interval 62 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 7 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 8 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 9 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 10 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 11 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF 0 Record 18: PLVKRT 0 PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 1 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 1 SEDIMENT CONCENTRATIONS stored as Cypermethrinbensed. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAlettuceC. txt modified Monday, 11 October 2004 at 16: 23: 40 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16: 33: 30 Metfile: w23273. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 22 Sediment segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 29.46 29.12 26.75 22.58 19.64 12.23 1962 34.13 33.8 31.41 26.9 23.61 19.98 1963 30.28 29.99 27.64 23.19 20.7 14.56 1964 35.98 35.67 32.4 27.68 26.26 16.64 1965 37.73 37.32 33.92 24.68 22.07 17.45 1966 31.45 31.1 28.73 24.44 21.34 18.44 1967 32.75 32.41 29.72 25.14 21.96 18.92 1968 30.11 29.76 27.4 24.83 23.51 14.04 1969 35.79 35.51 32.92 28.87 25.27 20.19  B 17 1970 32.11 31.76 29.39 25.09 22.03 16.23 1971 36.94 36.57 34.15 27.77 24.38 17.87 1972 37.11 36.71 33.26 26.35 23.94 15.74 1973 42.47 42.12 38.67 33.14 29.39 22.34 1974 40.17 39.83 37.38 30.74 27.26 23.31 1975 33.05 32.16 29.74 25.5 22.46 19 1976 68.57 67.81 60.11 50.3 44.44 21.27 1977 34.64 34.26 31.87 27.4 23.45 16.48 1978 76.22 75.08 69.35 51.68 43.24 30.26 1979 30.84 30.44 28.07 23.99 20.92 16.82 1980 32.49 32.24 29.37 25.01 21.87 18.56 1981 31.03 30.6 28.19 23.54 20.33 16.25 1982 29.91 29.51 27.15 22.99 20.37 15.2 1983 42.01 41.59 38.78 32.02 27.43 20.35 1984 27.28 26.99 24.67 20.3 17.13 12.73 1985 28.79 28.43 26.07 21.87 19.02 15.11 1986 30.86 30.54 28.41 25.38 22.49 16.24 1987 30.59 30.25 27.88 23.63 21.42 16.14 1988 30.09 29.76 27.4 23.24 20.3 15.5 1989 30.61 30.28 27.92 23.73 20.68 14.15 1990 28.96 28.6 26.28 22.22 19.29 12.31 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 76.22 75.08 69.35 51.68 44.44 30.26 0.0645161290322581 68.57 67.81 60.11 50.3 43.24 23.31 0.0967741935483871 42.47 42.12 38.78 33.14 29.39 22.34 0.129032258064516 42.01 41.59 38.67 32.02 27.43 21.27 0.161290322580645 40.17 39.83 37.38 30.74 27.26 20.35 0.193548387096774 37.73 37.32 34.15 28.87 26.26 20.19 0.225806451612903 37.11 36.71 33.92 27.77 25.27 19.98 0.258064516129032 36.94 36.57 33.26 27.68 24.38 19 0.290322580645161 35.98 35.67 32.92 27.4 23.94 18.92 0.32258064516129 35.79 35.51 32.4 26.9 23.61 18.56 0.354838709677419 34.64 34.26 31.87 26.35 23.51 18.44 0.387096774193548 34.13 33.8 31.41 25.5 23.45 17.87 0.419354838709677 33.05 32.41 29.74 25.38 22.49 17.45 0.451612903225806 32.75 32.24 29.72 25.14 22.46 16.82 0.483870967741936 32.49 32.16 29.39 25.09 22.07 16.64 0.516129032258065 32.11 31.76 29.37 25.01 22.03 16.48  B 18 0.548387096774194 31.45 31.1 28.73 24.83 21.96 16.25 0.580645161290323 31.03 30.6 28.41 24.68 21.87 16.24 0.612903225806452 30.86 30.54 28.19 24.44 21.42 16.23 0.645161290322581 30.84 30.44 28.07 23.99 21.34 16.14 0.67741935483871 30.61 30.28 27.92 23.73 20.92 15.74 0.709677419354839 30.59 30.25 27.88 23.63 20.7 15.5 0.741935483870968 30.28 29.99 27.64 23.54 20.68 15.2 0.774193548387097 30.11 29.76 27.4 23.24 20.37 15.11 0.806451612903226 30.09 29.76 27.4 23.19 20.33 14.56 0.838709677419355 29.91 29.51 27.15 22.99 20.3 14.15 0.870967741935484 29.46 29.12 26.75 22.58 19.64 14.04 0.903225806451613 28.96 28.6 26.28 22.22 19.29 12.73 0.935483870967742 28.79 28.43 26.07 21.87 19.02 12.31 0.967741935483871 27.28 26.99 24.67 20.3 17.13 12.23 0.1 42.424 42.067 38.769 33.028 29.194 22.233 Average of yearly averages: 17.477 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: Cypermethrin Metfile: w23273. dvf PRZM scenario: CAlettuceC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life  B 19 Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.039 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 01 05 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 6 interval 62 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 7 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 8 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 9 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 10 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 11 interval 7 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF 0 Record 18: PLVKRT 0 PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 1 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 1  B 20 Georgia Pecans Airblast Application Surface Water Levels stored as Cypermethrin. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: GAPecansC. txt modified Tueday, 22 April 2003 at 07: 57: 20 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16: 33: 30 Metfile: w93805. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 32 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.7749 0.3032 0.08103 0.04093 0.02999 0.008143 1962 0.274 0.09276 0.04188 0.02678 0.0197 0.006589 1963 0.552 0.1555 0.04167 0.02997 0.02414 0.008555 1964 0.4238 0.1732 0.0513 0.04027 0.03831 0.01488 1965 0.7789 0.2192 0.0626 0.03906 0.03172 0.01104 1966 0.4613 0.1555 0.04918 0.03755 0.02958 0.009845 1967 0.3494 0.1151 0.05416 0.02921 0.02358 0.0087 1968 1.398 0.3916 0.09919 0.05085 0.04074 0.01337 1969 1.283 0.4453 0.1144 0.05579 0.04394 0.01435 1970 0.2159 0.08129 0.04048 0.02719 0.02005 0.007454 1971 0.1896 0.07808 0.04514 0.02397 0.0185 0.006032 1972 0.2809 0.08769 0.03861 0.02069 0.01491 0.006806 1973 0.1706 0.07404 0.03883 0.02584 0.01851 0.007365 1974 0.972 0.3313 0.08665 0.04958 0.03701 0.01093 1975 0.2804 0.101 0.04016 0.02241 0.01904 0.007995 1976 0.4289 0.2071 0.05825 0.03485 0.02796 0.01189 1977 0.2538 0.1052 0.05845 0.0317 0.02288 0.008588 1978 0.223 0.08549 0.04184 0.01988 0.01394 0.00559 1979 0.3333 0.1107 0.03049 0.02434 0.01922 0.009104 1980 0.138 0.04157 0.02612 0.01439 0.01197 0.005449 1981 0.4209 0.1311 0.04041 0.02476 0.01823 0.006472 1982 0.3706 0.106 0.03167 0.02534 0.01875 0.006033 1983 0.1212 0.05195 0.02415 0.01724 0.01252 0.005604 1984 0.2111 0.06189 0.0304 0.01848 0.01315 0.004924 1985 0.4238 0.1476 0.04821 0.02783 0.02487 0.01003 1986 0.3519 0.1261 0.07394 0.03944 0.02828 0.01103 1987 0.3587 0.1599 0.06296 0.02948 0.02079 0.00827 1988 0.1516 0.04938 0.03176 0.02077 0.01702 0.006402 1989 0.1764 0.05037 0.02565 0.01896 0.01582 0.005611  B 21 1990 0.1373 0.05501 0.0298 0.02126 0.01554 0.00521 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 1.398 0.4453 0.1144 0.05579 0.04394 0.01488 0.0645161290322581 1.283 0.3916 0.09919 0.05085 0.04074 0.01435 0.0967741935483871 0.972 0.3313 0.08665 0.04958 0.03831 0.01337 0.129032258064516 0.7789 0.3032 0.08103 0.04093 0.03701 0.01189 0.161290322580645 0.7749 0.2192 0.07394 0.04027 0.03172 0.01104 0.193548387096774 0.552 0.2071 0.06296 0.03944 0.02999 0.01103 0.225806451612903 0.4613 0.1732 0.0626 0.03906 0.02958 0.01093 0.258064516129032 0.4289 0.1599 0.05845 0.03755 0.02828 0.01003 0.290322580645161 0.4238 0.1555 0.05825 0.03485 0.02796 0.009845 0.32258064516129 0.4238 0.1555 0.05416 0.0317 0.02487 0.009104 0.354838709677419 0.4209 0.1476 0.0513 0.02997 0.02414 0.0087 0.387096774193548 0.3706 0.1311 0.04918 0.02948 0.02358 0.008588 0.419354838709677 0.3587 0.1261 0.04821 0.02921 0.02288 0.008555 0.451612903225806 0.3519 0.1151 0.04514 0.02783 0.02079 0.00827 0.483870967741936 0.3494 0.1107 0.04188 0.02719 0.02005 0.008143 0.516129032258065 0.3333 0.106 0.04184 0.02678 0.0197 0.007995 0.548387096774194 0.2809 0.1052 0.04167 0.02584 0.01922 0.007454 0.580645161290323 0.2804 0.101 0.04048 0.02534 0.01904 0.007365 0.612903225806452 0.274 0.09276 0.04041 0.02476 0.01875 0.006806 0.645161290322581 0.2538 0.08769 0.04016 0.02434 0.01851 0.006589 0.67741935483871 0.223 0.08549 0.03883 0.02397 0.0185 0.006472 0.709677419354839 0.2159 0.08129 0.03861 0.02241 0.01823  B 22 0.006402 0.741935483870968 0.2111 0.07808 0.03176 0.02126 0.01702 0.006033 0.774193548387097 0.1896 0.07404 0.03167 0.02077 0.01582 0.006032 0.806451612903226 0.1764 0.06189 0.03049 0.02069 0.01554 0.005611 0.838709677419355 0.1706 0.05501 0.0304 0.01988 0.01491 0.005604 0.870967741935484 0.1516 0.05195 0.0298 0.01896 0.01394 0.00559 0.903225806451613 0.138 0.05037 0.02612 0.01848 0.01315 0.005449 0.935483870967742 0.1373 0.04938 0.02565 0.01724 0.01252 0.00521 0.967741935483871 0.1212 0.04157 0.02415 0.01439 0.01197 0.004924 0.1 0.95269 0.32849 0.086088 0.048715 0.03818 0.013222 Average of yearly averages: 0.0084087 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: Cypermethrin Metfile: w93805. dvf PRZM scenario: GAPecansC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life  B 23 Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.022 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 01 08 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Pore Water Levels stored as Cypermethrinben. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: GAPecansC. txt modified Tueday, 22 April 2003 at 07: 57: 20 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16: 33: 30 Metfile: w93805. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 32 Benthic segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.01472 0.01434 0.0114 0.007052 0.005422 0.001575 1962 0.004452 0.004369 0.003982 0.003604 0.00315 0.001334 1963 0.007794 0.007667 0.006491 0.004471 0.004148 0.001887 1964 0.01113 0.01099 0.009494 0.008117 0.007407 0.003414 1965 0.0116 0.01132 0.008794 0.006729 0.005507 0.002623 1966 0.008806 0.008593 0.007427 0.005333 0.005041 0.002209 1967 0.008335 0.008093 0.006713 0.004784 0.004293 0.001894 1968 0.01868 0.01827 0.01452 0.009778 0.008171 0.003023 1969 0.02081 0.02038 0.01643 0.01065 0.008511 0.003365 1970 0.00572 0.00556 0.004757 0.003972 0.003268 0.001775  B 24 1971 0.005305 0.005198 0.004453 0.003423 0.002894 0.001212 1972 0.005701 0.005557 0.004346 0.002766 0.002231 0.001335 1973 0.005862 0.005717 0.004528 0.003538 0.002879 0.001605 1974 0.01672 0.01633 0.0129 0.008223 0.006677 0.002346 1975 0.005256 0.005109 0.004292 0.003178 0.003048 0.001737 1976 0.01073 0.0106 0.009244 0.007631 0.007057 0.002823 1977 0.008099 0.007903 0.006909 0.004695 0.003787 0.002201 1978 0.004666 0.004579 0.004223 0.002686 0.002052 0.001093 1979 0.006022 0.005872 0.004981 0.003867 0.003839 0.002105 1980 0.003403 0.003311 0.003017 0.002454 0.002178 0.001323 1981 0.007286 0.00714 0.005738 0.003702 0.00303 0.001401 1982 0.006282 0.006149 0.005095 0.003595 0.003076 0.00121 1983 0.003538 0.003451 0.002789 0.002143 0.001834 0.001124 1984 0.004381 0.004273 0.003369 0.00238 0.001904 0.001105 1985 0.008092 0.007905 0.006264 0.005938 0.004683 0.001992 1986 0.01093 0.01065 0.008839 0.006241 0.004851 0.002574 1987 0.008476 0.008207 0.006995 0.004467 0.003423 0.001872 1988 0.003914 0.003813 0.003324 0.002958 0.002683 0.001424 1989 0.004386 0.004311 0.003673 0.00285 0.002517 0.001184 1990 0.003902 0.003799 0.003224 0.002728 0.002303 0.001012 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 0.02081 0.02038 0.01643 0.01065 0.008511 0.003414 0.0645161290322581 0.01868 0.01827 0.01452 0.009778 0.008171 0.003365 0.0967741935483871 0.01672 0.01633 0.0129 0.008223 0.007407 0.003023 0.129032258064516 0.01472 0.01434 0.0114 0.008117 0.007057 0.002823 0.161290322580645 0.0116 0.01132 0.009494 0.007631 0.006677 0.002623 0.193548387096774 0.01113 0.01099 0.009244 0.007052 0.005507 0.002574 0.225806451612903 0.01093 0.01065 0.008839 0.006729 0.005422 0.002346 0.258064516129032 0.01073 0.0106 0.008794 0.006241 0.005041 0.002209 0.290322580645161 0.008806 0.008593 0.007427 0.005938 0.004851 0.002201 0.32258064516129 0.008476 0.008207 0.006995 0.005333 0.004683 0.002105  B 25 0.354838709677419 0.008335 0.008093 0.006909 0.004784 0.004293 0.001992 0.387096774193548 0.008099 0.007905 0.006713 0.004695 0.004148 0.001894 0.419354838709677 0.008092 0.007903 0.006491 0.004471 0.003839 0.001887 0.451612903225806 0.007794 0.007667 0.006264 0.004467 0.003787 0.001872 0.483870967741936 0.007286 0.00714 0.005738 0.003972 0.003423 0.001775 0.516129032258065 0.006282 0.006149 0.005095 0.003867 0.003268 0.001737 0.548387096774194 0.006022 0.005872 0.004981 0.003702 0.00315 0.001605 0.580645161290323 0.005862 0.005717 0.004757 0.003604 0.003076 0.001575 0.612903225806452 0.00572 0.00556 0.004528 0.003595 0.003048 0.001424 0.645161290322581 0.005701 0.005557 0.004453 0.003538 0.00303 0.001401 0.67741935483871 0.005305 0.005198 0.004346 0.003423 0.002894 0.001335 0.709677419354839 0.005256 0.005109 0.004292 0.003178 0.002879 0.001334 0.741935483870968 0.004666 0.004579 0.004223 0.002958 0.002683 0.001323 0.774193548387097 0.004452 0.004369 0.003982 0.00285 0.002517 0.001212 0.806451612903226 0.004386 0.004311 0.003673 0.002766 0.002303 0.00121 0.838709677419355 0.004381 0.004273 0.003369 0.002728 0.002231 0.001184 0.870967741935484 0.003914 0.003813 0.003324 0.002686 0.002178 0.001124 0.903225806451613 0.003902 0.003799 0.003224 0.002454 0.002052 0.001105 0.935483870967742 0.003538 0.003451 0.003017 0.00238 0.001904 0.001093 0.967741935483871 0.003403 0.003311 0.002789 0.002143 0.001834 0.001012 0.1 0.01652 0.016131 0.01275 0.0082124 0.007372 0.003003 Average of yearly averages: 0.00185923333333333 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003  B 26 Data used for this run:

Output File: Cypermethrin Metfile: w93805. dvf PRZM scenario: GAPecansC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.022 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 01 08 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)  B 27 Sediment Levels stored as Cypermethrinbensed. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: GAPecansC. txt modified Tueday, 22 April 2003 at 07: 57: 20 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 16: 33: 30 Metfile: w93805. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 09: 04: 32 Sediment segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 83.46 81.27 64.63 39.97 30.74 8.929 1962 25.24 24.76 22.57 20.43 17.86 7.564 1963 44.18 43.46 36.8 25.34 23.51 10.7 1964 63.09 62.28 53.82 46.01 41.99 19.35 1965 65.77 64.18 49.85 38.14 31.22 14.87 1966 49.92 48.71 42.11 30.23 28.58 12.52 1967 47.25 45.88 38.06 27.12 24.34 10.74 1968 106 104 82.34 55.43 46.32 17.14 1969 118 116 93.14 60.37 48.25 19.08 1970 32.42 31.52 26.97 22.52 18.53 10.06 1971 30.07 29.47 25.24 19.4 16.41 6.868 1972 32.32 31.5 24.63 15.68 12.65 7.567 1973 33.23 32.41 25.67 20.06 16.32 9.097 1974 94.8 92.57 73.12 46.61 37.85 13.3 1975 29.8 28.96 24.33 18.02 17.28 9.846 1976 60.84 60.09 52.41 43.26 40.01 16 1977 45.91 44.8 39.16 26.62 21.47 12.48 1978 26.45 25.96 23.94 15.23 11.63 6.196 1979 34.14 33.29 28.24 21.92 21.76 11.93 1980 19.29 18.77 17.1 13.91 12.34 7.497 1981 41.3 40.48 32.53 20.99 17.18 7.94 1982 35.61 34.86 28.88 20.38 17.44 6.857 1983 20.06 19.56 15.81 12.15 10.4 6.373 1984 24.83 24.22 19.1 13.49 10.8 6.263 1985 45.87 44.81 35.51 33.66 26.55 11.29 1986 61.96 60.37 50.11 35.38 27.5 14.59 1987 48.05 46.53 39.66 25.32 19.41 10.61 1988 22.19 21.61 18.84 16.77 15.21 8.072 1989 24.86 24.44 20.82 16.16 14.27 6.713 1990 22.12 21.53 18.28 15.46 13.05 5.738  B 28 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.032258064516129 118 116 93.14 60.37 48.25 19.35 0.0645161290322581 106 104 82.34 55.43 46.32 19.08 0.0967741935483871 94.8 92.57 73.12 46.61 41.99 17.14 0.129032258064516 83.46 81.27 64.63 46.01 40.01 16 0.161290322580645 65.77 64.18 53.82 43.26 37.85 14.87 0.193548387096774 63.09 62.28 52.41 39.97 31.22 14.59 0.225806451612903 61.96 60.37 50.11 38.14 30.74 13.3 0.258064516129032 60.84 60.09 49.85 35.38 28.58 12.52 0.290322580645161 49.92 48.71 42.11 33.66 27.5 12.48 0.32258064516129 48.05 46.53 39.66 30.23 26.55 11.93 0.354838709677419 47.25 45.88 39.16 27.12 24.34 11.29 0.387096774193548 45.91 44.81 38.06 26.62 23.51 10.74 0.419354838709677 45.87 44.8 36.8 25.34 21.76 10.7 0.451612903225806 44.18 43.46 35.51 25.32 21.47 10.61 0.483870967741936 41.3 40.48 32.53 22.52 19.41 10.06 0.516129032258065 35.61 34.86 28.88 21.92 18.53 9.846 0.548387096774194 34.14 33.29 28.24 20.99 17.86 9.097 0.580645161290323 33.23 32.41 26.97 20.43 17.44 8.929 0.612903225806452 32.42 31.52 25.67 20.38 17.28 8.072 0.645161290322581 32.32 31.5 25.24 20.06 17.18 7.94 0.67741935483871 30.07 29.47 24.63 19.4 16.41 7.567 0.709677419354839 29.8 28.96 24.33 18.02 16.32 7.564 0.741935483870968 26.45 25.96 23.94 16.77 15.21 7.497 0.774193548387097 25.24 24.76 22.57 16.16 14.27 6.868 0.806451612903226 24.86 24.44 20.82 15.68 13.05 6.857 0.838709677419355 24.83 24.22 19.1 15.46 12.65 6.713 0.870967741935484 22.19 21.61 18.84 15.23 12.34 6.373 0.903225806451613 22.12 21.53 18.28 13.91 11.63 6.263 0.935483870967742 20.06 19.56 17.1 13.49 10.8 6.196 0.967741935483871 19.29 18.77 15.81 12.15 10.4 5.738 0.1 93.666 91.44 72.271 46.55 41.792 17.026 Average of yearly averages: 10.5393333333333 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: Cypermethrin  B 29 Metfile: w93805. dvf PRZM scenario: GAPecansC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.040 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0.0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.99 fraction Spray Drift DRFT 0.022 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 01 08 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 5 interval 5 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF total none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 1 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 1  B 30 California Cotton Surface Water Levels stored as CypermethrinCA_ new. out Chemical: Cypermethrin PRZM environment: CAcottonC. txt modified Friday, 6 December 2002 at 06: 50: 06 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 11: 33: 30 Metfile: w93193. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 04: 04: 24 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)

Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.1776 0.07855 0.05384 0.02117 0.01442 0.003632 1962 0.1779 0.07889 0.05421 0.02146 0.01465 0.00373 1963 0.1783 0.07947 0.05467 0.02187 0.01496 0.003812 1964 0.1778 0.07884 0.05417 0.02143 0.01464 0.003715 1965 0.1781 0.0792 0.05445 0.02166 0.01482 0.003779 1966 0.1782 0.07934 0.05456 0.02168 0.01478 0.003762 1967 0.1773 0.07818 0.05364 0.02091 0.01417 0.00358 1968 0.1776 0.07856 0.05395 0.02131 0.01457 0.0037 1969 0.1779 0.07887 0.05419 0.02144 0.01462 0.003778 1970 0.1774 0.0783 0.05374 0.02106 0.01434 0.00366 1971 0.1776 0.07858 0.05396 0.02122 0.01445 0.003667 1972 0.1778 0.07875 0.05409 0.02133 0.01455 0.003697 1973 0.1779 0.07894 0.05425 0.0215 0.01469 0.00375 1974 0.1778 0.0788 0.05414 0.02139 0.01457 0.003699 1975 0.1783 0.07941 0.05462 0.02187 0.01499 0.003815 1976 0.1781 0.07918 0.05444 0.02183 0.01504 0.003891 1977 0.1776 0.07855 0.05393 0.02119 0.01442 0.003664 1978 0.1775 0.07844 0.05385 0.02111 0.01441 0.003653 1979 0.1776 0.07858 0.05396 0.02123 0.01443 0.003632 1980 0.1773 0.07819 0.05365 0.02098 0.01426 0.003594 1981 0.1772 0.07797 0.05348 0.0208 0.0141 0.00355 1982 0.1779 0.07888 0.0542 0.02142 0.01463 0.003731 1983 0.1782 0.07929 0.05452 0.02162 0.0147 0.003748 1984 0.1767 0.07733 0.05297 0.02041 0.01379 0.003446 1985 0.1769 0.07763 0.05321 0.02064 0.01402 0.003539 1986 0.1776 0.07858 0.05396 0.02111 0.01432 0.003627 1987 0.1785 0.07973 0.05487 0.02197 0.01501 0.003794 1988 0.1769 0.07767 0.05324 0.02065 0.01401 0.003518  B 31 1989 0.1775 0.07838 0.0538 0.02112 0.01439 0.003634 1990 0.1772 0.07808 0.05357 0.02091 0.01421 0.003586 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 0.17829 0.079403 0.054614 0.021866 0.014987 0.0038102 Average of yearly averages: 0.00367943333333333 Inputs generated by pe4. pl  8 August 2003 Data used for this run:

Output File: CypermethrinCA_ new Metfile: w93193. dvf PRZM scenario: CAcottonC. txt EXAMS environment file: pond298. exv Chemical Name: Cypermethrin Description Variable Name Value Units Comments Molecular weight mwt 416.3 g/ mol Henry's Law Const. henry 3.4e 7 atm m^ 3/ mol Vapor Pressure vapr 2.5e 9 torr Solubility sol 0.04 mg/ L Kd Kd mg/ L Koc Koc 141700 mg/ L Photolysis half life kdp 36.2 days Half life Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacw 11.3 days Halfife Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism kbacs 19.3 days Halfife Aerobic Soil Metabolism asm 62 days Halfife Hydrolysis: pH 5 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 7 0 days Half life Hydrolysis: pH 9 1.9 days Half life Method: CAM 2 integer See PRZM manual Incorporation Depth: DEPI 0 cm Application Rate: TAPP 0.112 kg/ ha Application Efficiency: APPEFF 0.95 fraction Spray Drift DRFT .039 fraction of application rate applied to pond Application Date Date 1 7 dd/ mm or dd/ mmm or dd mm or dd mmm Interval 1 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 2 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 3 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Interval 4 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.  B 32 Interval 5 interval 3 days Set to 0 or delete line for single app.

Record 17: FILTRA IPSCND 1 UPTKF Record 18: PLVKRT PLDKRT 0.13 FEXTRC 0.5 Flag for Index Res. Run IR Pond Flag for runoff calc. RUNOFF none none, monthly or total( average of entire run)

Write Benthic Porewater File? benthic 1 Write Benthic Sediment File? benthicsed 1  B 33 Pore Water Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 0.004225 0.00408 0.003361 0.002097 0.001544 0.0004151 1962 0.004319 0.004177 0.00346 0.002197 0.001626 0.000454 1963 0.004483 0.004352 0.003635 0.002351 0.001747 0.0004845 1964 0.004306 0.004164 0.003447 0.002185 0.001623 0.0004525 1965 0.004405 0.004269 0.003552 0.002268 0.001693 0.0004749 1966 0.004444 0.00431 0.003594 0.002267 0.001668 0.0004632 1967 0.004123 0.00398 0.003259 0.001985 0.001436 0.0003927 1968 0.004228 0.004084 0.003364 0.00215 0.001604 0.0004446 1969 0.004313 0.00417 0.003453 0.002187 0.001615 0.0004651 1970 0.004156 0.004012 0.003291 0.002051 0.001511 0.0004229 1971 0.004235 0.00409 0.003371 0.002104 0.001546 0.0004306 1972 0.00428 0.004135 0.003419 0.002147 0.001585 0.0004428 1973 0.004333 0.004192 0.003475 0.002211 0.001643 0.0004631 1974 0.004295 0.004151 0.003435 0.00217 0.001596 0.0004396 1975 0.004462 0.004329 0.003612 0.002357 0.001762 0.0004908 1976 0.004402 0.004266 0.003549 0.002357 0.001796 0.0005197 1977 0.004225 0.00408 0.003361 0.002095 0.001536 0.0004284 1978 0.004196 0.004052 0.003331 0.002064 0.001516 0.0004158 1979 0.004233 0.004088 0.003369 0.002109 0.00154 0.0004141 1980 0.004129 0.003985 0.003264 0.002021 0.001479 0.0004003 1981 0.004069 0.003926 0.003205 0.00195 0.001412 0.0003814 1982 0.004316 0.004174 0.003457 0.002179 0.001609 0.0004457 1983 0.004432 0.004297 0.00358 0.002244 0.001633 0.0004507 1984 0.003898 0.003756 0.003043 0.001812 0.001298 0.0003438 1985 0.003978 0.003835 0.003118 0.0019 0.001391 0.0003785 1986 0.00423 0.004085 0.003366 0.002051 0.001487 0.0004047 1987 0.004555 0.004429 0.003713 0.00238 0.001756 0.0004767 1988 0.003987 0.003845 0.003127 0.001903 0.001384 0.0003734 1989 0.004179 0.004035 0.003315 0.002074 0.001528 0.0004169 1990 0.004099 0.003956 0.003235 0.001995 0.001457 0.0003967 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 0.0044602 0.0043271 0.0036102 0.0023564 0.0017551 0.00048372 Average of yearly averages: 0.000432773333333333  B 34  B 35 Sediment Levels Year Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 1961 23.95 23.13 19.05 11.89 8.75 2.353 1962 24.48 23.68 19.61 12.45 9.218 2.574 1963 25.42 24.67 20.61 13.33 9.903 2.747 1964 24.41 23.6 19.54 12.39 9.2 2.565 1965 24.97 24.2 20.14 12.86 9.598 2.692 1966 25.19 24.44 20.37 12.85 9.454 2.626 1967 23.37 22.56 18.47 11.25 8.14 2.226 1968 23.97 23.15 19.07 12.19 9.094 2.521 1969 24.45 23.64 19.58 12.4 9.155 2.637 1970 23.56 22.74 18.66 11.63 8.565 2.398 1971 24.01 23.19 19.11 11.93 8.766 2.441 1972 24.26 23.44 19.38 12.17 8.986 2.51 1973 24.56 23.76 19.7 12.53 9.312 2.625 1974 24.35 23.53 19.47 12.3 9.045 2.492 1975 25.29 24.54 20.48 13.36 9.991 2.783 1976 24.96 24.18 20.12 13.36 10.18 2.946 1977 23.95 23.13 19.05 11.87 8.707 2.428 1978 23.79 22.97 18.88 11.7 8.592 2.357 1979 23.99 23.17 19.1 11.96 8.732 2.347 1980 23.41 22.59 18.51 11.46 8.383 2.269 1981 23.07 22.25 18.17 11.05 8.007 2.162 1982 24.47 23.66 19.6 12.35 9.12 2.527 1983 25.12 24.36 20.3 12.72 9.257 2.555 1984 22.09 21.29 17.25 10.27 7.36 1.949 1985 22.55 21.74 17.67 10.77 7.883 2.146 1986 23.98 23.16 19.08 11.63 8.43 2.294 1987 25.82 25.11 21.05 13.49 9.952 2.702 1988 22.6 21.8 17.73 10.79 7.848 2.117 1989 23.69 22.88 18.79 11.76 8.661 2.363 1990 23.24 22.42 18.34 11.31 8.259 2.249 Sorted results Prob. Peak 96 hr 21 Day 60 Day 90 Day Yearly 0.1 25.28 24.53 20.469 13.357 9.9471 2.7425 Average of yearly averages: 2.45336666666667 Mississippi Cotton stored as CypermethrinMS_ new. out Chemical: Cypermethrin  B 36 PRZM environment: MScottonC. txt modified Wedday, 22 January 2003 at 07: 24: 26 EXAMS environment: pond298. exv modified Thuday, 29 August 2002 at 11: 33: 30 Metfile: w03940. dvf modified Wedday, 3 July 2002 at 04: 05: 46 Water segment concentrations ( ppb)