Wipes Durability Wipes durability is important in some wipes worktasks and applications, such as those that require heavy scrubbing, while often not important in tasks where lint or absorbency considerations are more important. Durability does not only refer to the physical strength of the wipe, but also to its ability to withstand contact ( at different time durations) with strong chemical solvents, other substances, materials and surfaces. Some wipes manufacturers improve durability by reinforcement of wipes with multiple laminated layers ( multi ply), and/ or nylon webbing. Industrial wipes are available for delicate tasks, critical tasks, general purpose tasks, and light, medium and heavy duty tasks.

Once industrial wipes are used and are no longer suitable for their intended purpose, they become in whole or in part, solid wastes ( if not completely recycled), and potentially hazardous wastes, depending upon the type of solvent10 used in conjunction with the wipes. The use of industrial wipes in the US economy is depicted according to the simplified material flow diagram provided on the next page, which illustrates the origin, use, and ultimate disposition of industrial wipes in the economy, as symbolized box flow relationships between different economic sub sectors . Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

58 Entities Potentially Eligible For & Subject to the Proposed Exclusions Simplified Illustration of the Origin and Flow of " Industrial Wipes" in the US Economy Soiled reusable wipes at end of lifespan Users of Both Disposable & Reusable Industrial Wipes Reusable Industrial Reusable Industrial Wipes Manufacturers Solid Waste Management ( Reclamation & Disposal of Used & Discarded Wipes) Clean Disposable Industrial Wipes Users Soiled Linen Supply & Laundering Services ( Industrial Launderers) Disposable Industrial Wipes Manufacturers Soiled, discarded disposable wipes Industrial Wipes Distributors ( Wholesalers) Manufacturers of Equipment Used for Packaging ( Bailing) and Dispensing Industrial Wipes Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

59 US Industrial Wipes Market: 1997 Economic Statistics on the Manufacturing & Supply of Industrial Wipes A. Industrial Wipes Sub Sector Statistics: B. Industrial Wipes Product or Commodity Line Statistics:

Item SIC Sub Sector Code NAICS Sub Sector Code NAICS Sub Sector Code Description NAICS Sub Sector Total Number of Companies NAICS Sub Sector Total Number of Establishments NAICS Sub Sector Annual Revenues ($ millions) NAICS Product Code or Commodity Line Code NAICS Product or Commodity Line Description Total Number Establishments Nr. Companies With >$ 100k Revenues Revenues ($ millions)

Production ( Manufacturing) of Industrial Wipes ( Disposables & Reusables):

1 239910 314999 All other miscellaneous textile product mills mfg 2,163 2,237 $ 6,188.857 3149999451 Fabricated industrial shop towels ( reusables) No data 4 $ 37.289 2 262110 322121 Paper mills ( except newsprint) 120 262 $ 40,184.049 322121N881 Industrial paper wipers ( disposables) No data 2 ***

3 267620 322291 Sanitary paper product mfg 99 141 $ 9,770.017 3222915661 Industrial paper towels ( disposables) No data 10 $ 243.677 4 3222915881 Industrial paper wipes ( disposables) No data 8 ***

5 5093 4219303 Other recyclable material wholesale trade No data 4,020 $ 14,950.615 42193032941 Wiping cloths, waste rags, & textile waste ( disposables) 488 No data $ 880.970 Column subtotals ( items 1+...+ 5) = Incomplete data 6,660 $ 71,093.538 Incomplete data Incomplete data $ 1,325.249 Sub total disposable wipes ( items 2+ 3+ 4+ 5) = Incomplete 4,423 $ 64,904.681 Incomplete Incomplete $ 1,287.96 Subtotal paper disposable wipes ( items 2+ 3+ 4) = Incomplete 403 $ 49,954.066 Incomplete 20 $ 406.99 Laundering of Reusable Industrial Wipes:

6 7218 812332 Industrial launderers 796 1,613 $ 5,007.637 8123326303 Industrial wiping cloths 1,175 No data $ 407.897 Column totals ( items 1+...+ 6) = Incomplete 8,273 $ 76,101.175 Incomplete Incomplete $ 1,733.146 Explanatory Notes: ( a) *** Total revenues for 322121N881 + 3222915881 = $ 163.313 million ( source: US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, " NAICS Code 322291 Manufacturing  Industry Series", Appendix F, Part 1 Product Statistics, p. F 2, http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ 97m3222o. pdf). ( b) Sources: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census " 1997 Economic Census" documents:

! 1997 Economic Census: All Other Misc. Textile Product Mills Manufacturing, Table 6a, p. 10 ( http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ 97m3149e. pdf ).

! 1997 Economic Census: Sanitary Paper Product Manufacturing, Table 6a, p. 11 ( http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ 97m3222o. pdf).

! 1997 Economic Census: Other Serivces, Table 1a, p. 28 ( http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ 97s81 ls. pdf). Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

60 III. B. Types of Entities Potentially Affected by the Proposed RCRA Exclusions As itemized in the following table, the assessment of potential economic impact of the proposed exclusions in this report, focuses on three categories of entities which are potentially eligible and subject to the requirements of the proposed exclusions. In addition to three types of entities, there are at least seven other categories of entities that are involved in the US market for the supply, distribution and ultimate recycling/ disposal of industrial wipes, that may also be ultimately affected by, but not directly subject to, the proposed exclusions.

Types of Entities Potentially Affected ( Directly or Indirectly) by the Proposed RCRA Exclusions for Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes Item Type of Entities Description of Entities A. Entities Potentially Eligible for and Directly Subject to the Proposed RCRA Exclusions:

1 Industrial wipes users Facilities that use disposable or reusable industrial wipes in conjunction with chemical solvents ( referred to as solvent contaminated wipes " generators" in this study).

2 Industrial wipes laundries* Industrial laundries that supply and clean the solvent contaminated reusable wipes ( e. g. shop towels).

3 Solid waste facilities Discarded industrial wipes material recyclers, solid waste energy recoverers ( combustors), and solid waste disposers.

B. Other Entities Involved in the Industrial Wipes Market, But Not Subject to the Proposed Exclusions:

4 Industrial wipes manufacturers Industrial wipes are manufactured by companies located in different countries around the globe. For example, USEPA's quick scan ( Feb 2001) of dozens of assorted Internet search listings using the browser search phrase " industrial wipes", revealed that industrial wipes are manufactured and/ or distributed in many countries ( e. g. USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Pakistan, Turkey, India, Germany, Netherlands), and by at least 12 states within the USA ( CA, CT, FL, GA, IN, KY, MA, NC, NY, PA, TX, WI).

5 Industrial wipes importers/ exporters Globally manufactured industrial wipes are made available for export/ import shipment to other countries ( e. g. via Internet business orders), directly by manufacturers, or by other export distributors. Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

Item Type of Entities Description of Entities 61 6 Industrial wipes transporters Wipes manufacturers: New ( unused) Industrial wipes may be transported by wipes manufacturer or distributor owned trucks, or by independently owned freight truck companies, to businesses which purchase wipes for assorted uses.

Reusable wipes laundries: Industrial laundry services usually transport clean and soiled reusable wipes from users to laundry facilities.

7 Industrial wipes equipment Consists of manufacturers of industrial wipes bailing machines, bagging machines, bailed/ bagged wipes conveyor machines, discarded wipes shredding machines, and discarded wipes combustion machines ( USEPA's Feb 2001 quick Internet search yielded a list of 12 such companies).

8 Industrial wipes business associations At least 12 business associations ( as of Feb 2001) are involved with the industrial wipes industry ( in USA and abroad): Uniform & Textile Service Assn., Textile Rental Services Assn. of America, INDA  The Assn. of the Non Woven Fabrics Industry, European Textile Services Assn., All India Yarn Processors Assn., Bureau International de la Recuperation, German Scrap, Recycling & Waste Disposal Assn., Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Secondary Materials & Recycled Textiles Assn., Textile Fibers & By Products Assn., Textile Recycling Assn., Dutch Textile Recycling Assn.

9 Industrial wipes material exchanges Two Internet based industrial wipes exchanges listed 335 wipes trading and wipes recycling companies ( as of Feb 2001): ° Textile Fiberspace Exchange ( TFE) " Rags and Wipers Exchange" internet website: http:// www. textilefiberspace. com/ a/ tx1410. html. ° The Recycler's Exchange for rags & wipes: http:// www. recycle. net/ Textile/ rag/ index. html.

10 Industrial wipes publications USEPA identified nine publications targeted or containing information about the industrial wipes industry ( Industrial Fabric Products Review, Magazine Recycling Benelux, Recycling International Magazine, Recycling Today, Recycling World Publication ( UK), SCRAP magazine, Secondary Market Guide, Textile World, Used Equipment Directory). Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

Item Type of Entities Description of Entities 11 USEPA OECA's " Industry Sector Notebooks" are available at the website: http:// es. epa. gov/ oeca/ sector/ . As of year 2000, there were 32 OECA industry sector notebooks, as well as one on the local government sector, and one on the Federal facilities sector. These notebooks are classified according to the US Bureau of Census Standard Industrial Classification ( SIC) code sytem ( originated in the 1930' s), which was replaced by the Federal government's 1997 adoption of the North American Industrial Classification System ( NAICS) codes. The NAICS provides 1,170 total industry classifications, compared to 1,017 under the SIC system, including 358 new industries the SIC system did not identify ( http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ www/ naics. html ).

62 Explanatory Notes: ( a) * The USEPA's Design for the Environment ( DfE) Program of the Office of Pollution Prevention & Toxics ( OPPT) is partnering with industrial laundries and laundry detergent formulators to assist in designing and using products with improved environmental qualities ( http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ dfe/ laundry/ laundry. html ). ( b) The DfE Program is also developing a series of case studies to illustrate how the DfE theme can be applied to managing solvents and industrial wipes in lithographic printing operations, with the objectives of substituting less volatile solvents used for cleaning, and reducing solvent quantities absorbed onto industrial wipes ( http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ dfe/ lithography/ lithography. html).

The remainder of this document addresses only the first three types of entities listed in the table above ( i. e. items 1, 2, 3), which in part or in whole, may be eligible for and become subject to the conditions of the proposed exclusions after promulgation as a final rule ( i. e. industrial wipes users, industrial wipes laundries, and solid waste facilities).

III. C. Types of Industries Which Use Solvent Industrial Wipes The next table identifies economic sectors, sub sectors and industries ( mostly manufacturing), that use industrial wipes in conjunction with solvents for manual cleaning or degreasing wiping tasks. EPA derived this information through a literature search, and discussions with key stakeholders and industry contacts, who could further describe industry demographics with respect to the use of solventcontaminated wipes. Another important source in identifying relevant industrial sectors was EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assistance ( OECA) " Industry Sector Notebooks" which identified potential users of solvent contaminated wipes by fourdigit Standard Industrial Classification ( SIC) code. 11 In some industries, a large number of firms use wipes, such as printing and auto body repair. In other industries, smaller numbers of firms use wipes, but their usage can be considerable. Similarly, other sectors also might use hazardous solvents in conjunction with industrial wipes. For instance, we were unable to collect sufficient information about two other sub sectors known to use industrial wipes, to include in this economic impact study:

! Instruments and related products manufacturers, and ! General building contractors sub sectors Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

63 In addition to industrial wipes " users", there are at least three other industries which otherwise " handle" industrial wipes:

! Manufacturers of industrial wipes ( disposables and reusables), ! Service firms which supply, collect and launder industrial wipes for industry users, and ! Solid waste management companies which receive spent ( discarded) industrial wipes for ultimate disposal ( or material reclamation/ recycling).

As listed in the following table, in total there are at least 121 industries using or otherwise handling solvent contaminated industrial wipes, representing 15 economic sub sectors within 7 economic sectors ( i. e. manufacturing, retail trade, information, administrative services, other services, public administration, transportation & utilities).

List of Economic Sub Sectors Which Use or Otherwise Handle Solvent Industrial Wipes Item Sector ( 2 digit NAICS) Sub Sector ( 3 digit NAICS) Wipes Activity Industries Using/ Handling Wipes ( six digit NAICS) Industry count A. Users of Solvent Industrial Wipes:

1 Manufacturing Printing Wipes user 323110, 323111, 323112, 323113, 323114, 323115, 323116, 323117, 323118, 323119, 323121, 323122 12 2 Manufacturing Chemical & Allied Products Wipes user 211112, 32511, 32512, 325131, 325132, 325181, 325182, 325188, 325191, 325192, 325193, 325199, 325998, 331311 14 3 Manufacturing Plastics & Rubber Products Wipes user 31332, 315299, 315999, 325991, 326113, 326121, 32613, 32614, 32615, 32616, 326199, 326191, 326192, 326211, 32622, 326291, 326299, 337215, 339113, 339932, 339991 21 4 Manufacturing Fabricated Metal Products Wipes user 332812, 332813, 339911, 339912, 339914 5 Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

Item Sector ( 2 digit NAICS) Sub Sector ( 3 digit NAICS) Wipes Activity Industries Using/ Handling Wipes ( six digit NAICS) Industry count 64 5 Manufacturing Industrial Machinery & Equipment Wipes user 314999, 332323, 33241, 332991, 333111, 33312, 33322, 333295, 333298, 333319, 333414, 333511, 333512, 333513, 333514, 333515, 333518, 333911, 333923, 333999, 33651 21 6 Manufacturing Electronics & Computers Wipes user 334411, 334412, 334413 3 7 Manufacturing Transportation Equipment** Wipes user 332912, 336111, 336112, 336211, 33633, 33634, 336399, 336312, 336411, 336412, 336414, 336415, 336419, 336612, 336992, 48839, 54171, 81149 18 8 Manufacturing Furniture & Fixtures Wipes user 337115, 337121, 337122, 337124, 337127, 337211, 337212, 337215 8 9 Retail Trade Auto Dealers Wipes user 44111, 44112 2 10 Information Publishing ( print) Wipes user 51111, 51112, 51113, 51114, 51119 5 11 Administrative Services Business Service Centers ( copy shops) Wipes user 561439 1 12 Other Services Auto Repair & Maintenance Wipes user 811111, 811112 2 13 Public Administration Military Bases Wipes user 92812 1 Subtotal industrial wipes " user" industries = 113 Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

Item Sector ( 2 digit NAICS) Sub Sector ( 3 digit NAICS) Wipes Activity Industries Using/ Handling Wipes ( six digit NAICS) Industry count 65 B. Other Handlers of Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes:

14 Transportation & Utilities Solid Waste Mngmt Nonhazardous wastes Discarded wipes disposer ( if RCRAexcluded 562111, 562212, 562213, 562219, 56292 5 Hazardous wastes Discarded wipes disposer ( if RCRA C regulated) 562112, 562211 2 15 Other Services Linen supply & laundering ( reusables) Wipes laundry & distributor 812332 ( 8123326303 = industrial wiping cloths) 1 Subtotal industrial wipes " other handler" industries = 8 Total NAICS code industry count = 121 Explanatory Notes: ( a) Source: USEPA Office of Enforcement & Compliance Assistance ( OECA) " Industry Sector Notebooks": http:// es. epa. gov/ oeca/ sector/ , and consultation with RCRA regulatory stakeholders ( industry associations, USEPA regional offices, state government officials, as identified in the minutes to the USEPA Office of Solid Waste stakeholder meeting of 21 Jan 2000. ( b) * NAICS = North American Industrial Classification System ( http:// www. census. gov/ naics ). ( c) ** USEPA in this study did not collect comprehensive information about industrial wipes usage for transportation equipment manufacturing. ( d) In addition to the 15 sub sectors listed above in this table, USEPA suspects, but has no corroborative data, that at least the following two other sub sectors, representing 22 other industries, may use industrial wipes, because of similarities in some worktasks in these sub sectors ( i. e. cleaning, wiping), to the known user sub sectors. However, these two sub sectors are excluded from this economic analysis: 16. General Building Contractors ( Construction) = 23321, 23322, 23331, 23332 ( 4 industries) 17. Instruments & Related Products Mfg = 325992, 333314, 333315, 334510 to 334519, 339111to 339115 ( 18 industries)

In addition to the 15 sub sectors listed in the table above, there are at least six other industries which are directly or indirectly interlinked with the supply and use of solvent industrial wipes in the national economy, as listed in the next table. Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

66 List of Other Industries Which Are Directly or Indirectly Interlinked With the Supply and Use of Solvent Industrial Wipes in the National Economy Item Sector ( 2 digit NAICS) Sub Sector ( 3 digit NAICS) Industry ( 6 digit NAICS) Product Code ( 7 to 10 digit NAICS) 1997 Count of Companies*

A. Solvents:

1 Manufacturing Petroleum & Coal Products Petrochemicals Aromatics ( benzene, toluene, xylene, etc.) not made in a refinery 3251101 38 2 Manufacturing Chemicals All other basic organic chemicals Other synthetic organic chemicals nec 325199R, T, U, W 451 B. Containers ( storage & shipment of industrial wipes):

3 Manufacturing Plastics & Rubber Products Unsupported plastics bags Other polyethylene specialty bags, pouches, drum & box liners, shipping sacks 32611115 175 4 Manufacturing Plastics & Rubber Products All other plastics products Plastics packaging ( pails, drums, shipping cases, etc.) 32619941 747 5 Manufacturing Fabricated Metal Products Fabricated metal drums & pails manufacturing industry Steel shipping barrels & drums ( more than 12 gallon capacity, excluding beer barrels) 3324393100 37 C. Other Sub Sectors:

6 Manufacturing Printing & Related Support Activities Other commercial printing Label & wrapper printing 3231192 128 Subtotal = > 1,576 Explanatory Notes: ( a) * Count of companies based on 1997 Economic Census " number of companies with shipments of $ 100,000 or more", so the count shown may understate the total number of companies, by excluding small companies with less than $ 100,000 in annual shipments. ( b) Data on number of establishments at the NAICS Product Code level are not available from the Census website ( http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97). Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

67 Across the above 22 sub sectors ( i. e. 13 users + 2 other handlers + 2 suspected users + 5 other associated sub sectors), the total number of industries associated with industrial wipes uses and other handling is 149 industries ( i. e. 113 users + 8 other handlers + 22 suspected users + 6 other associated sub sectors). The following table presents EPA OSW's best estimates about how each of the 13 economic sub sectors that generate solventcontaminated industrial wipes use those industrial wipes, the average daily volume of industrial wipes used per facility in each subsector the relative volume of wipes used between disposables and reusables, and the prevalent types of solvents used in conjunction with industrial wipes. Not all industrial solvent wipes users are subject to RCRA hazardous waste regulations. RCRA regulations apply to those solvent wipes users which generate monthly quantities of solvent contaminated wipes which exceed either the " small quantity generator" ( SQG) or " large quantity generator" ( LQG) thresholds. Furthermore, the RCRA program already excludes the third category " conditionally exempt small quantity generators" ( CESQGs) from RCRA Subtitle C hazardous waste regulation:

RCRA Hazardous Waste Generator Quantity Categories Generator Category Threshold Quantity ( in any calendar month)

CESQG < 220 pounds ( 0.11 ton)

SQG > 220 pounds ( 0.11 ton) but < 2,200 pounds ( 1.1 ton)

LQG 2,200 pounds ( 1.1 ton) or more Explanatory Notes: ! SQGs: As of 1999 there are approximately 20,000 LQGs ( source: USEPA RCRA Hazardous Waste " Biennial Report" database), 289,000 SQGs ( source: ICF Inc. 31 July 2000 memo to USEPA OSW); ! CESQGs: Between 455,000 to 700,000 CESQGs ( source: USEPA report EPA 530 R 98 004, May 1998, p. III 47). Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

68 USEPA Estimate of Industrial Wipes and Solvent Usage According to Economic Sub Sectors ( 1995 97 data)

Item Economic Sub Sector How Wipes Are Used in Sub Sector ( Worktasks) Average Daily Quantity Wipes Used SingleFacility Types of Wipes Used**

Prevalent Types of Wipe Solvents Reusables Disposables 1 Printing* Cleaning 200 to 6,000 60% to 99% 1% to 40% Mineral spirits, terpenes, hexane, heptane, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, 2 butoxy ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone ( MEK), acetone, xylene, toluene, glycol ethers, ammonia, amines, fatty acids, surfactants, acetates; USEPA June 1994, EPA 744 R 94 003, http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ dfe/ pubs/ printing/ cluster/ inde x. htm 2 Chemical & Allied Products Mfg Wiping 25 to 50 25% 75% No data 3 Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg Wiping 25 to 50 50% 50% No data 4 Fabricated Metal Products Mfg Wiping 25 to 50 50% 50% Benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, perchloro ethylene, kerosene, mineral oil, glycols; USEPA Sept 1995, EPA 310 R 95 007, http:// es. epa. gov/ oeca/ sector/ sectornote/ pdf/ fabmetsn. pdf 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt Mfg Wiping 25 to 50 50% 50% No data 6 Electronics & Computers Mfg Wiping 100 to 5,000 25% 75% Isopropanol ( isopropyl alcohol) , methanol, acetone, lacquer thinner 7 Transportation Equipment Mfg Wiping & cleaning 25 to 1,500 25% to 75% 25% to 75% MEK, ( TCE), acetone, ethyl acetate, isopropanol, denatured alcohol ( ethanol), methyl isobutyl ketone ( MIBK), toluene, mineral spirits, xylene, naptha, ethylene glycol, paint thinners, Stoddard solvent, monoethyl ether acetate, methanol, cyclohexanone, n butyl acetate, perchloroethylene ( PERC), methyl propyl ketone ( MPK), petroleum naptha Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

Item Economic Sub Sector How Wipes Are Used in Sub Sector ( Worktasks) Average Daily Quantity Wipes Used SingleFacility Types of Wipes Used**

Prevalent Types of Wipe Solvents Reusables Disposables 69 8 Furniture & Fixtures Mfg Wiping 7 to 25 drum loads . 100 . 0 Lacquer thinner ( solvent borne nitrocellulose), methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, xylene, toluene, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, mineral spirits, alcohol; USEPA Sept 1995, EPA 310 R 95 003, http:// es. epa. gov/ oeca/ sector/ sectornote/ pdf/ wdfurnsn. pdf 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) Wiping 50 to 100 . 100 . 0 Mineral spirits, ignitable solvents ( RCRA wastecode D001).

10 Publishing ( printed matter) Cleaning 200 to 6,000 60% to 99% 1% to 40% Mineral spirits, methyl ethyl ketone ( MEK), acetone, xylene, toluene, isopropyl alcohol 11 Business Services ( copy shops) Cleaning 200 to 6,000 60% to 99% 1% to 40% Mineral spirits, methyl ethyl ketone ( MEK), acetone, xylene, toluene 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance* Wiping 50 to 100 . 100 . 0 Mineral spirits, ignitable solvents ( RCRA wastecode D001).

13 Military Bases Wiping & cleaning 25 to 500 50% 50% MEK, methylene chloride Explanatory Notes: ( a) Sources: Unless otherwised specified in this table, USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( Hazardous Waste Information Division) " best estimates", based on information supplied by: ! industry contacts familiar with wipes usage ! industrial site visits ! USEPA industrial inspectors ! Uniform & Textile Services Association ( UTSA) " Customer Profile Analysis for 1996" ( b) Relative marketshare data derived from information provided on the total shop towel revenue earned from customers in each industry. ( c) * For the printing and auto repair industries, also see: USEPA Office of Research & Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, " Environmental Assessment of Shop Towel Usage in the Automotive and Printing Industries", prepared by W. Pullman, M. Wolf, R. Thomas, P. Fitzpatrick, P. Craig, Lockheed Martin Environmental Systems & Technologies, Las Vegas NV, Nov 1996. ( d) Additional information about industrial solvents is available from: http:// www. americansolventscouncil. com and http:// www. solventcentral. com Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

70 1997 Economic Characteristics of Sub Sectors Containing Establishments Which Use or Otherwise Handle Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes Item Economic Sub Sector Used as Benchmark 1997 Data References Count of Benchmark Sub Sector Companies ( i. e. firms)* Benchmark Sub Sector Establishments ( i. e. plants or facilities)

NAICS SIC NAICS Count NAICS Employees NAICS Revenues ($ 1,000s)

A. Sub Sectors With Establishments That Use Solvent Industrial Wipes:

1 Printing Mfg 323 275 to 279 38,797 42,916 838,240 $ 97,944,985 2 Chemical & Allied Products Mfg 325 280 8,808 13,513 884,321 $ 419,617,444 3 Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg 326 300 13,762 16,876 1,029,976 $ 160,317,732 4 Fabricated Metal Products Mfg 332 340 35,149 62,501 1,774,874 $ 243,254,492 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt Mfg 333 352 to 356 24,563 30,665 1,421,820 $ 270,357,157 6 Electronics & Computers Mfg 3344 367 5,986 6,270 588,938 $ 139,708,587 7 Transportation Eqpt Mfg 336 370 11,159 12,980 1,848,558 $ 571,979,634 8 Furniture & Fixtures Mfg 337 250 11,442 20,758 604,845 $ 63,939,540 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 5511 + 5521 46,220 46,237 1,138,995 $ 553,652,292 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 271 to 274 17,820 21,806 739,834 $ 117,336,003 11 Business Services ( copy shops) 561439 7334 4,105 5,780 87,221 $ 6,844,260 12 Auto Repair & Maint. Services 8111 753 151,821 164,360 815,149 $ 62,200,597 13 Military Bases 92812 9721 5*** 588 1,438,562 $ 0 Subtotal Users = 369,637 445,250 13,211,333 $ 2,707,152,723 B. Sub Sectors With Establishments That Otherwise Handle Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes:

14 Solid Waste Mngmnt Non haz 5 codes** 4953 8,011 9,650 183,407 $ 26,883,540 Hazardous 2 codes** 703 926 26,284 $ 3,973,535 15 Linen supply & laundering ( reusable industrial wipes) 812332 7218 796 1,613 81,908 $ 5,007,637 Subtotal Other Handlers = 9,510 12,189 291,599 $ 35,864,712 Column totals = 379,147 457,439 13,502,932 $ 2,743,017,435 Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

71 Explanatory Notes: ( a) Sources: ( 1) US Dept of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, " 1997 Economic Census": NAICS code data: http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ www/ econ97. html SIC code data: http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ ec97sic/ 97x cs2. pdf ( 2) US Small Business Administration ( SBA) Office of Advocacy " Firm Size Data Provided by the US Census Bureau", http:// www. sba. gov/ advo/ stats/ us97_ s4. pdf. ( 3) US Dept of Defense " Fiscal Year 96 Worldwide List of Military Installations: Major, Minor & Other", http:// www. defenselink. mil/ pubs/ installations/. ( 4) US Dept of Defense, Directorate for Information Operations & Reports, " Military Personnel Statistics", http:// web1. whs. osd. mil/ mmid/ military/ miltop. htm. ( b) * Sub sector company count data may be based on either the NAICS code or the SIC code data, or a mix of both, depending upon availability of 1997 economic data from the Bureau of Census website at the date of this report. The scope ( i. e. number of companies, establishments, employees, revenues) of the NAICS code may not exactly match the scope of the SIC code shown. ( c) The Census Bureau defines a " company" as a business organization consisting of one or more establishments under common ownership or control. ( d) The Census Bureau defines an " establishment" as a single physical location at which business is conducted and/ or services are provided. It is not necessarily identical with a " company" ( firm) or " enterprise", which may consist of one establishment ( i. e. plant or facility) or more. Economic Census data represent individual establishments rather than companies, with one employee or more and establishments in operation at any time during the year. ( e) ** Disaggregated " 1997 Economic Census" data for the seven solid waste mgnt codes are provided in an appendix to this report. ( f) *** Military base " companies" consist of five US Dept of Defense organizations: Army, Army Guard, Navy, Air Force, & Marines; the count of military base " establishments" includes domestic and foreign locations. ( g) Company revenues in this table only associated with company owned establishments classified in these particular sub sectors, which may not represent all company owned establishments and all sources of company revenues for any given company. Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

72 Uniform Benchmark of Small Companies in Economic Sub Sectors Which Use or Otherwise Handle Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes Item Economic Sub Sector 1997 Count of Companies by Company Employee Classes Company 1997 Revenues ($ 1,000s) by Company Employee Classes Name NAICS SIC code Total** < 500 employees* NAICS < 500 employees*

A. Users of Solvent Industrial Wipes:

1 Printing Mfg 323 2750 to 2790 38,797 38,398 $ 97,944,985 $ 55,807,309 99.0% 57.0%

2 Chemical & Allied Products Mfg 325 2800 8,808 8,227 $ 419,617,444 $ 60,844,529 93.4% 14.5%

3 Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg 326 3000 13,762 13,043 $ 160,317,732 $ 58,740,417 94.8% 36.6%

4 Fabricated Metal Products Mfg 332 3400 35,149 34,250 $ 243,254,492 $ 119,380,207 97.4% 49.1%

5 Industrial Machinery & Equipment Mfg 333 3520 to 3560 24,563 23,654 $ 270,357,157 $ 107,542,229 96.3% 39.8%

6 Electronics & Computers Mfg 3344 3670 5,986 5,646 $ 139,708,587 $ 28,360,843 94.3% 20.3%

7 Transportation Equipment Mfg 336 3700 11,159 10,653 $ 571,979,634 $ 45,500,385 95.5% 8.0%

8 Furniture & Fixtures Mfg 337 2500 11,442 11,217 $ 63,939,540 $ 27,441,677 98.0% 42.9%

9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 5511+ 5521 46,220 46151 $ 553,652,292 $ 519,433,489 99.9% 93.8%

10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 2710 to 2740 17,820 17,679 $ 117,336,003 $ 51,334,091 99.2% 43.7%

11 Business Service Centers ( copy shops) 561439 7334 4,105 4,094 $ 6,844,260 $ 2,959,323 Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

Item Economic Sub Sector 1997 Count of Companies by Company Employee Classes Company 1997 Revenues ($ 1,000s) by Company Employee Classes Name NAICS SIC code Total** < 500 employees* NAICS < 500 employees*

73 99.7% 43.2%

12 Auto Repair & Maintenance Services 8111 7530 151,821 151,791 $ 62,200,597 $ 58,966,166 99.9% 94.8%

13 Military Bases 92812 9721 5 0 $ 0 $ 0 Subtotal Users = 369,637 364,803 $ 2,707,152,723 $ 1,136,310,665 98.7% 42.0%

B. Other Handlers of Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes:

14 Solid Waste Mgmt Non hazardous waste 5 codes 4953 8,011 7,982 $ 26,883,540 $ 11,385,942 99.6% 42.4%

Hazardous waste 2 codes 703 695 $ 3,973,535 $ 2,755,437 98.8% 69.3%

15 Linen supply & laundering ( reusable wipes) 812332 7218 796 761 $ 5,007,637 $ 1,397,131 95.6% 27.9%

Subtotal Other Handlers = 9,510 9,438 $ 35,864,712 $ 15,538,510 99.2% 43.3%

Column totals = 379,147 374,241 $ 2,743,017,435 $ 1,151,849,175 98.7% 42.0%

Explanatory Notes: ( a) Source: US Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy " 1997 Firm Size Data Provided by the US Census Bureau", http:// www. sba. gov/ advo/ stats/ us97_ s4. pdf ( b) The US Dept of Commerce Census Bureau defines " company" as a business organization consisting of one or more establishments ( i. e. facilities or plants) under common ownership or control. ( c) * Less than 500 employees does not necessarily represent in this table the SBA small business standard for each sub sector; this numerical limit serves in this table, as a uniform benchmark for characterizing the proportion of small companies across all sub sectors. ( d) ** Count of companies ( firms) may be based on either the corresponding NAICS or SIC code total for each sub sector ( i. e. 1997 Census firm count data by NAICS code were unavailable for manufacturing sub sectors from the Census website at the date of this study). ( e) Company revenues in this table only associated with company owned establishments classified in these particular sub sectors, which may not represent all company owned establishments and all sources of company revenues for any given company. Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

74 The next table displays the US Small Business Administration's small business size standards for the 15 sub sectors which use or otherwise handle spent industrial wipes. The next table also provides a count of the number of small sized companies relative to the total number of companies in each sub sector, and a count ( for five component sub sectors) of the number of establishments ( i. e. individual facilities or plants) operated by small companies, relative to the number of all establishments in each sub sector. This table indicates that small businesses constitute from 93% to nearly 100% of companies within the 15 sub sectors, with an overall average of 99% ( i. e. 374,241 small companies out of a total 379,147 companies). In comparison, a smaller percentage of revenues in these sub sectors are earned by small companies, ranging from 8% to 95%, with an overall average of 42% ( i. e. $ 1.151 trillion of the sub total $ 2.743 trillion in 1997 annual revenues earned across these 15 sub sectors).

Small Business Size Determination for Economic Sub Sectors Using Solvent Industrial Wipes Item Economic Sub Sector SBA Small Business Size Standards 1997 Count of Companies ( Firms) 1997 Count of Establishments ( Facilities or Plants)

Maximum Company Annual Revenues Maximum Company Employees Total Count SBA Small Firms NAICS Total Count SBA Small Firm Establishments Name NAICS Code Small % Small Small % Small A. Sub Sectors With Establishments That Use Solvent Industrial Wipes:

1 Printing Mfg 323 500 38,797 38,398 99.0% 42,916 No data No data 2 Chemical & Allied Products Mfg 325 500** 8,808 8,227 93.4% 13,513 No data No data 3 Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg 326 500** 13,762 13,043 94.8% 16,876 No data No data 4 Fabricated Metal Products Mfg 332 500** 35,149 34,250 97.4% 62,501 No data No data 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt Mfg 333 500** 24,563 23,654 96.3% 30,665 No data No data 6 Electronics & Computers Mfg 3344 500** 5,986 5,646 94.3% 6,270 No data No data 7 Transportation Eqpt Mfg 336 500** 11,159 10,653 95.5% 12,980 No data No data 8 Furniture & Fixtures Mfg 337 500 11,442 11,217 98.0% 20,758 No data No data 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 $ 17 to $ 21 million 46,220 38,825 84.0% 49,237 39,347 79.9%

10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 500 17,820 17,679 99.2% 21,806 19,789 90.8% Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes USEPA Office of Solid Waste ( 17 July 2003)

75 11 Business Services ( photocopy shops) 561439 $ 5 million 4,105 4,008 97.6% 5,780 4,000 69.2%

12 Auto Repair & Maint. Services 8111 $ 5 million 151,821 151,236 99.6% 164,360 154,162 93.8%

13 Military Bases 92812 NA NA 5 0 0% 588 0 0%

Subtotal Users = 369,637 356,836 96.5% 448,250 373,953 ( est.*) 83.4% ( est.*)

B. Sub Sectors With Establishments That Otherwise Handle Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes:

14 Solid Waste Mgmnt Non haz 5 codes $ 10 million 8,011 7,655 95.6% 9,650 7,746 80.3%

Haz 2 codes $ 10 million 703 613 87.2% 926 628 67.8%

15 Linen supply & laundering 812332 $ 10.5 million 796 744 93.5% 1,613 756 46.9%

Subtotal Other Handlers = 9,510 9,012 94.8% 12,189 9,130 74.9%

Column totals = 379,147 365,848 96.5% 460,439 405,524 88.1%

Explanatory Notes: ( a) Sources: ( 1) US Small Business Administration ( SBA) " size standards" ( http:// www. sba. gov/ size). The 1980 Regulatory Flexibility Act ( Section 601( 3)) requires Federal regulatory agencies to apply the SBA definition of " small business", which are maximum thresholds based on annual revenues or number of employees. ( 2) Company and establishment data from US Dept of Commerce Census Bureau " 1997 Economic Census" ( http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ www/ econ97. html). ( b) * est. = estimates by USEPA OSW EMRAD, based on subtotal percentage of small company establishments for sub sector items 9 to 12, applied to the total count of establishments ( i. e. [ 79.9% + 90.8% + 69.2% + 93.8%]/ 4 = 83.4%). Over the small company establishment percentage range for the six sub sectors above of 46.9% to 93.8% ( items 9 12,14,15), this estimate of total small company establishments ranges from 210,229 to 420,458. ( c) ** Indicates that 500 employees applied in this document as the SBA size standard for six sub sectors which are composed of some industries that have 750 or 1,000 employee size standards as set by the SBA. Use of 500 employees for these six sub sectors facilitates the convenient use of employment size of firm data from the " 1997 Economic Census" ( as compiled by the SBA Office of Advocacy http:// www. sba. gov/ advo/ stats/ data. html)   which is categorized into "< 20 employees", "< 500 employees" and " 500+ employees" data bins   to determine the number of small companies in these sub sectors. ( d) *** USEPA Office of Solid Waste estimate based on NAICS code small company total counts, multiplied by SIC code small company percentages. 76 Economic Analysis for Solvent Industrial Wipes OMB Review Draft   Not For Public Release ( 25 April 2003)

IV. Attachments ( Spreadsheets & Tables)

IV. A. Supplemental Data Set A: Count of Establishments & Count of Industrial Wipes Data Set B: Industrial Laundry Data Set C: Industrial Cleaning/ Degreasing Solvent Data Set D: Price Elasticity of Demand for Industrial Wipes: Meta Analysis IV. B. Impact Estimation Set E: Direct Impact Elements Set F: Induced Market Impacts ( partial equilibrium model) Set G: Small Business Impacts 77 Attachment Set A Count of Establishments & Count of Industrial Wipes Data 78 Data Sources for Facility Count & Wipes Quantities Applied in the Economic Impact Model For OSW's " Solvent Industrial Wipes" Rule A. Count of Wipes User Facilities:

Disposable wipes: Source: 1997 estimates of all industrial disposable wipes using facilities ( i. e. CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) w/ and without solvents, for both " printer" ( n= 4,948) and " non printer" ( n= 34,948) industries, as provided to Jim O'Leary ( USEPA OSW), by the " INDA" ( Assoc. of the Nonwoven Fabrics Industry).

Reusable wipes: Source: The mathematical difference between the 448,250 total 1997 Census ( NAICS code) count of establishments ( i. e. CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) in the 13 industries known to use industrial wipes w/ & wout solvents, and the INDA estimates for disposables. OSW made distinction in the total Census count between three " printer" industries ( n= 70,502) and ten " non printer" industries ( n= 377,748). The resultant 1997 total count of reusable wipes facilities ( w & w/ out solvents) is 65,554 printers & 342,800 non printers.

OSW adjustments to facility data: ! 2001 update: Updated 1997 facility count data to year 2001 based on extrapolating the 1987 1992 1997 Census trend of establishments in each of the 13 industries ( 1.050 multiplier)

! Solvent wipes subset: OSW estimated the subset of facilities which apply RCRA listed solvents to industrial wipes, by " most likely" assuming:

! 100% of printers ( 90% LB to 100% UB)

! 35% of non printers ( 30% LB to 40% UB) apply solvents to both disposable & reusable wipes.

! CESQG/ SQG/ LQG: ! LQGs based on actual count of LQGs in the 1995 RCRA " Biennial Reporting System" registry of RCRA LQGs;

! SQGs for printer industries assumed to constitute all remaining facilities ( i. e. zero CESQGs);

! SQGs for non printer industries assumed 50% of all facilities, with CESQGs the mathematical remainder.

! % states adopting: Applied 75% " most likely" multiplier to facility count ( 50% LB to 100% UB).

B. Quantity of Annual Solvent Wipes:

Disposable wipes Same 1997 source as facility data ( see above) = 1.009 billion wipes, consisting of: 49.8 million printer wipes + 959.2 million non printer wipes ( CESQGs+ SQGs+ LQGs)

Reusable wipes USEPA Office of Water data from 1994 industrial laundry industry Section 308 survey for prior OW rulemaking regarding laundry effluent wastewaters:

! Printers: 136.5 million lbs wipes ( w/ & w/ out solvents) x 11 wipes/ lb ! Non printers: 344.7 million lbs wipes ( w/ & w/ out solvents) x 16 wipes/ lb OSW adjustments to wipes data: ! 2001 update: ! 1994 reusables wipes data standardized to 1997 facility data benchmark year according to 10% sales growth in industrial laundry sector ( SIC 7218) between 1994 & 1997 ! Both reusables & disposables wipes data updated to 2001 based on average annual growth 1986 2000 in " Industrial Production Index" in each of the 13 wipes using subsectors ( 1.128 multiplier).

! Solvent wipes subset: Same adjustment as applied to facility data ( see above).

! CESQG/ SQG/ LQG: OSW " best judgement" assumptions that:

! CESQGs use 20% of both disposable & reusable wipes ! SQGs use 70% of both disposable & reusable wipes ! LQGs use 10% of both disposable & reusable wipes ! % states adopting: Same adjustment as applied to facility data ( see above). 79 1997 Economic Characteristics of Sub Sectors With Establishments That Use or Handle Industrial Wipes Item Sub sector or Industry Census NAICS code Census SIC code 1997 Census count of companies* 1997 NAICS count of estblshmts 1997 NAICS count of employees 1997 NAICS revenues ($ 1,000)

A. Sub Sectors With Establishments That Use Industrial Wipes: 1 Printing 323 2750 to 2790 38,797 42,916 838,240 $ 97,944,985 2 Chemical & Allied Products 325 2800 8,808 13,513 884,321 $ 419,617,444 3 Plastics & Rubber 326 3000 13,762 16,876 1,029,976 $ 160,317,732 4 Fabricated Metal Products 332 3400 35,149 62,501 1,774,874 $ 243,254,492 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 333 3520 to 3560 24,563 30,665 1,421,820 $ 270,357,157 6 Electronics & Computers 3344 3670 5,986 6,270 588,938 $ 139,708,587 7 Transportation Eqpt 336 3700 11,159 12,980 1,848,558 $ 571,979,634 8 Furniture & Fixtures 337 2500 11,442 20,758 604,845 $ 63,939,540 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 5511 + 5521 46,220 49,237 1,138,995 $ 553,652,292 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 2710 to 2740 17,820 21,806 739,834 $ 117,336,003 11 Business services ( copy shops) 561439 7334 4,105 5,780 87,221 $ 6,844,260 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 8111 7530 151,821 164,360 815,149 $ 62,200,597 13 Military Bases 92812 9721 5 580 1,438,562 $ 0 Subtotals ( 1+...+ 13) = 369,637 448,242 13,211,333 $ 2,707,152,723 B. Sub Sectors With Establishments That Otherwise Handle Industrial Wipes: 14 Solid Waste Mgmt Non haz wastes 5 codes ( 562xxx) 4953 8,011 9,650 183,407 $ 26,883,540 Haz wastes 562112 & 562211 with 4953 703 926 26,284 $ 3,973,535 15 Linen Supply & Laundering** 812332 7218 796 1,613 81,908 $ 5,007,637 Cleaning industrial wipes ( 73%***) 8123326303 1,175 $ 407,897 Only cleaning ind. wipes ( 1.4%****) 23 Subtotals ( 14+...+ 15) = 8,807 11,263 265,315 $ 31,891,177 C. Total All Establishments That Use or Handle Industrial Wipes: Item totals ( 1+...+ 15) = 378,444 459,505 13,476,648 $ 2,739,043,900 Explanatory Notes: ( 1) * Company count may be based on either NAICS or SIC code for a particular sub sector, depending upon data availability from the Bureau of Census " 1997 Economic Census" website, at the date of this research by OSW EMRAD ( Feb 2001). ( 2) ** Linen Supply & Laundering facilities launder up to 20 different types of textile items. ( 3) *** 73% of industrial laundries, based on " 1997 Economic Census" NAICS product code 8123326303 for " industrial wiping cloths": ( http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ 97s81 1s. pdf). In comparison, USEPA Office of Water estimated 78% in the following report: " Economic Assessment for the Final Action Regarding Pretreatment Standards for the Industrial Laundries Point Point Source Category", EPA 821 R 00 004, March 2000, p. 3 8, http:// www. epa. gov/ ost/ guide/ laundry/ final/ economics. pdf. ( 4) **** USEPA Office of Water estimates that only 1.4% of these laundries exclusively devoted to industrial wipes laundering ( ibid, p. 3 10). ( 5) Additional descriptive information about industrial laundries is available from the USEPA report: " Technical Development Document for the Final Action Regarding Pretreatment Standards for the Industrial Laundries Point Source Category", EPA 821 R 00 006, March 2000, pp. 4 7 to 4 11, http:// www. epa. gov/ ost/ guide/ laundry/ final/ section1. pdf. 80 US CENSUS ESTABLISHMENTS 1987  1997 SUB SECTORS WHICH USE INDUSTRIAL WIPES ( with or without solvents)

Item Sub sector Sub sector SIC codes Component SIC codes Count of Establishments* Average annual 10 year change Implied update multiplier 1997 2001 1987 1992 1997 1 Printing 275 to 279 Subtotal = 43,452 45,374 40,123  0.79% 0.969 275 36,111 38,441 34,000 276 856 921 922 277 162 172 152 278 1,546 1,649 1,704 279 4,777 4,191 3,345 2 Chemical & Allied Products 28 12,039 12,004 12,371 0.27% 1.011 3 Plastics & Rubber 30 14,589 15,842 16,892 1.48% 1.060 4 Fabricated Metal Products 34 36,092 36,429 37,985 0.51% 1.021 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 352 to 356 Subtotal = 25,227 25,492 26,145 0.36% 1.014 352 1,799 1,774 1,656 353 3,473 3,341 3,523 354 11,446 11,506 11,706 355 4,557 4,739 4,781 356 3,952 4,132 4,479 6 Electronics & Computers 367 5,836 6,655 6,605 1.25% 1.051 7 Transportation Eqpt 37 10,505 11,287 12,387 1.66% 1.068 8 Furniture & Fixtures 25 11,636 11,658 12,095 0.39% 1.016 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 5511+ 5521 Subtotal = 43,268 43,052 49,237 1.30% 1.053 5511 28,320 24,380 25,897 5521 14,948 18,672 23,340 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 271 to 274 Subtotal = 18,339 20,018 22,332 1.99% 1.082 271 9,091 8,668 8,773 272 4,020 4,700 6,331 273 2,859 3,265 3,693 274 2,369 3,385 3,535 11 Business services ( copy shops) 7334 4,474 4,949 5,780 2.59% 1.108 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 753 114,601 128,738 142,372 2.19% 1.091 13 Military Bases 9721 622 601 580  0.70% 0.972 Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 66,265 70,341 68,235 0.29% 1.012 Non printer subtotal = 274,415 291,758 316,669 1.44% 1.059 Totals = 340,680 362,099 384,904 1.23% 1.050 * Data sources: Items 1 to 12: 1997 & 1992 data: http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ ec97sic/ E97SUS. HTM 1987 data: provided to USEPA OSWER OSW EMRAD by Mr. Paul Zeisset, Economist, US Bureau of Census ( 301 457 4151). Item 13: http:// www. defenselink. mil/ pubs/ installations/ index. html and http:// www. defenselink. mil/ faq/ pis/ 17. html 81 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUS DATA: FIRM & ESTABLISHMENT SIZE for the SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SUB SECTOR I. NON HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE INDUSTRIES: Item NAICS Code > 562111 562212 562213 562219 56292 Row totals % of total A. Economic Characteristics: 1 Count of establishments ( facilities) 7,083 1,403 105 294 765 9,650 100% 2 Count of companies ( firms) 6,045 964 80 225 697 8,011 100% 3 Count of establishment employees 137,049 27,454 2,976 5,082 10,846 183,407 100% 4 Establishment 1997 receipts ($ 1,000) $ 18,211,495 $ 5,493,433 $ 1,128,551 $ 751,028 $ 1,299,033 $ 26,883,540 100% B. Establishment Size: General ( uniform) small size benchmarks: 5 Count of establishments w< 20 employees 5,359 1,013 60 215 586 7,233 75.0% 6 Count of companies w/< 500 employees 6,031 956 79 221 696 7,982 99.6% 7 Subtotal revenues if < 500 employees ($ 1,000) $ 7,618,106 $ 2,056,529 $ 292,712 $ 369,986 $ 1,048,609 $ 11,385,942 42.4% Medium and large size benchmark: 8 Count of estbl w/$ 10 million+ receipts 530 175 29 25 25 784 8.1% 9 Receipts of estbl w/$ 10 million+ ($ 1,000) $ 10,483,376 $ 3,283,716 $ 980,469 $ 420,622 $ 461,977 $ 15,630,161 58.1% 10 Count of companies w/$ 10 million+ 252 55 14 16 19 356 4.4% 11 Count of estb. w/ companies $ 10million+ 1,198 517 39 79 71 1,904 19.7% 12 Receipts of estb w/ cos. $ 10 million+ ($ 1,000) $ 13,115,703 $ 4,473,886 $ 1,085,905 $ 612,782 $ 601,474 $ 19,889,750 74.0% SBA small size standard: 13 Count of small companies <$ 10million 5,793 909 66 209 678 7,655 95.6% 14 Count of small company establishments 5,885 886 66 215 694 7,746 80.3% II. HAZARDOUS SOLID WASTE INDUSTRIES: Item NAICS Code > 562112 562211 Row totals % of total A. Economic Characteristics: 1 Count of establishments ( facilities) 414 512 926 100% 2 Count of companies ( firms) 341 362 703 100% 3 Count of establishment employees 8,468 17,816 26,284 100% 4 Establishment 1997 receipts ($ 1,000) $ 1,095,553 $ 2,877,982 $ 3,973,535 100% B. Establishment Size: General ( uniform) small size benchmarks: 5 Count of establishments w< 20 employees 299 299 598 64.6% 6 Count of companies w/< 500 employees 337 357 695 98.8% 7 Subtotal revenues if < 500 employees ($ 1,000) $ 826,136 $ 1,929,301 $ 2,755,437 69.3% Medium and large size benchmark: 8 Count of estbl w/$ 10 million+ receipts 24 99 123 13.3% 9 Receipts of estbl w/$ 10 million+ ($ 1,000) $ 538,387 $ 2,040,079 $ 2,578,466 64.9% 10 Count of companies w/$ 10 million+ 30 60 90 12.8% 11 Count of estb. w/ companies $ 10million+ 94 204 298 32.2% 12 Receipts of estb w/ cos. $ 10 million+ ($ 1,000) $ 840,566 $ 2,392,606 $ 3,233,172 81.4% SBA small size standard: 13 Count of small companies <$ 10million 311 302 613 87.2% 14 Count of small company establishments 320 308 628 67.8% Source: US Dept of Commerce Bureau of Census, " 1997 Economic Census: Establishment and Firm Size  Administrative Support and Waste Management & Remediation Services", Oct 2000, http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ 97s56 sz. pdf 82 1987 1992 1997 11,900 12,000 12,100 12,200 12,300 12,400 Census Count of US Establishments 2. Chemicals & Allied Products Mfg ( SIC 28)

1987 1992 1997 39,000 40,000 41,000 42,000 43,000 44,000 45,000 46,000 Census Count of US Establishments 1. Printing Mfg ( SIC 275 to 279)

1987 1992 1997 35,500 36,000 36,500 37,000 37,500 38,000 38,500 Census Count of US Establishments 4. Fabricated Metal Products Mfg ( SIC 34)

1987 1992 1997 14,000 14,500 15,000 15,500 16,000 16,500 17,000 17,500 Census Count of US Establishments 3. Plastics & Rubber Mfg ( SIC 30) 1987 1997 US Economic Census Count of Establishments in 13 Industrial Wipes Using Sub Sectors 83 1987 1992 1997 25,000 25,200 25,400 25,600 25,800 26,000 26,200 Census Count of US Establishments 5. Industrial Machinery & Eqpt Mfg ( SIC 352 to 356)

1987 1992 1997 5,700 5,800 5,900 6,000 6,100 6,200 6,300 6,400 6,500 6,600 6,700 Census Count of US Establishments 6. Electronics & Computers Mfg ( SIC 367)

1987 1992 1997 10,000 10,500 11,000 11,500 12,000 12,500 Census Count of US Establishments 7. Transportation Eqpt Mfg ( SIC 37)

1987 1992 1997 11,600 11,700 11,800 11,900 12,000 12,100 12,200 Census Count of US Establishments 8. Furniture & Fixtures Mfg ( SIC 25) 1987 1997 US Economic Census Count of Establishments in 13 Industrial Wipes Using Sub Sectors ( cont'd) 84 1987 1992 1997 18,000 19,000 20,000 21,000 22,000 23,000 Census Count of Establishments 10. Publishing Printed Matter Mfg ( SIC 271 to 274)

1987 1992 1997 42,000 43,000 44,000 45,000 46,000 47,000 48,000 49,000 50,000 Census Count of US Establishments 9. Auto Dealers Retail Trade ( SIC 5511+ 5521)

1987 1992 1997 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 Census Count of US Establishments 13. US Military Bases Worldwide ( SIC 9721) 1987 1992 1997 110,000 115,000 120,000 125,000 130,000 135,000 140,000 145,000 Census Count of US Establishments 12. Auto Repair & Maintenance ( SIC 753)

1987 1992 1997 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 Census Count of US Establishments 11. Business Services Copy Shops ( SIC 7334) 1987 1997 US Economic Census Count of Establishments in 13 Industrial Wipes Using Sub Sectors ( cont'd) 85 DERIVATION OF INDUSTRIAL WIPES ANNUAL QUANTITY UPDATE MULTIPLIER FOR UPDATE OF 1997 REFERENCE DATA TO YEAR 2001 Item Sub sector Census SIC code Census NAICS code 1997 NAICS count of establishments Industrial Production Index ( IPI)

1986 2000 average annual growth in IPI end points 1986 2000 annual IPI growth regression smoothed Implied 1997 to 2001 update multiplier multiplier 1 Printing 275 to 279 323 42,916 2.55% 1.71% 1.070 2 Chemical & Allied Products 28 325 13,513 2.90% 2.64% 1.110 3 Plastics & Rubber 30 326 16,876 4.20% 4.31% 1.184 4 Fabricated Metal Products 34 332 62,501 2.48% 2.34% 1.097 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 352 to 356 333 30,665 7.81% 8.81% 1.402 6 Electronics & Computers 367 3344 6,270 28.88% 28.88% 2.759 7 Transportation Eqpt 37 336 12,980 2.35% 2.15% 1.089 8 Furniture & Fixtures 25 337 20,758 2.88% 2.57% 1.107 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 5511 & 5521 4411 49,237 2.35% 2.15% 1.089 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 271 to 274 5111 21,806 2.55% 1.71% 1.070 11 Business services ( copy shops) 7334 561439 5,780 1.87% 1.33% 1.054 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 753 8111 164,360 2.35% 2.15% 1.089 13 Military Bases 9721 92812 588 5.27% 5.06% 1.218 < Avg 1 to 12 Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 70,502 2.50% 1.68% 1.069 Non printer subtotal = 377,748 3.39% 3.31% 1.139 Total = 448,250 3.25% 3.05% 1.128 IPI data source: http:// www. federalreserve. gov/ releases/ G17/ table1_ 2. htm 86 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 2. Chemicals & Allied Products Mfg ( NAICS 325) Industrial Production Index ( IPI)

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 70 80 90 100 110 120 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline * This NAICS code also used to represent " publishing wholesale trade" ( NAICS 5111) 1 & 10. Printing Manufacturing ( NAICS 323)* Industrial Production Index ( IPI)

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 3. Plastics & Rubber Products Mfg ( NAICS 326) Industrial Production Index ( IPI)

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 90 100 110 120 130 140 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 4. Fabricated Metal Products Mfg ( NAICS 332) Industrial Production Index ( IPI) US Industrial Production Index ( IPI) 1986 2000 for Industrial Wipes Using Sub Sectors 87 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline * This NAICS code used to represent " business services copy shops" ( NAICS 561439) 11. General Business Supplies ( Subset of NAICS 42)* Intermediate Wholesale Products IPI Data Group Industrial Production Index ( IPI) 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 8. Furniture & Fixtures Mfg ( NAICS 337)

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 7, 9, & 12. Transportation Eqpt Mfg ( NAICS 336) 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 50 100 150 200 250 300 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 5. Industrial Machinery & Eqpt Mfg ( NAICS 333) Industrial Production Index ( IPI)

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Index ( 1992 = 100)

Data Trendline 6. Electronics & Computers Mfg ( NAICS 3344) Industrial Production Index ( IPI) US Industrial Production Index ( IPI) 1986 2000 for Industrial Wipes Using Sub Sectors ( continued) 88 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION INDEX ( IPI) 1978 1993 Seasonally Adjusted IPI Historical Data ( 1992 = 100): SIC codes> 274 6,8,9 28 30 34 35 367 37 25 S54003 Avg* Facility weighted average Percent annual change Sub sector items> 1, 10 2 3 4 5 6 7, 9, 12 8 11 13 Year 1978 54.031 77.479 59.475 97.988 63.252 11.969 77.265 80.651 72.125 66.026 74.351 Base 1979 56.796 79.728 56.998 102.335 71.223 15.425 80.389 79.606 74.666 68.574 77.492 4.2% 1980 54.730 72.931 47.285 89.632 68.339 17.748 67.433 77.087 70.910 62.899 67.961  12.3% 1981 58.152 79.289 58.299 93.380 76.645 21.108 69.590 80.237 75.200 67.989 71.495 5.2% 1982 63.011 70.996 57.081 85.948 65.737 26.333 66.133 74.003 75.599 64.982 68.156  4.7% 1983 65.324 75.890 63.089 85.787 63.664 28.954 69.903 78.931 78.704 67.805 70.914 4.0% 1984 71.798 80.331 73.520 95.882 79.974 40.816 79.977 89.311 86.542 77.572 80.751 13.9% 1985 76.202 78.923 72.819 95.645 80.130 41.523 88.678 88.125 87.666 78.857 85.670 6.1% 1986 76.039 81.991 77.358 94.019 81.171 43.430 94.241 92.611 89.079 81.104 88.823 3.7% 1987 95.307 86.777 87.088 102.480 86.077 51.128 94.283 104.775 101.108 89.891 94.486 6.4% 1988 92.344 90.996 87.725 106.337 96.392 58.233 101.322 100.437 99.836 92.625 98.898 4.7% 1989 97.227 95.164 91.123 105.457 105.501 64.796 105.344 103.369 102.689 96.741 102.660 3.8% 1990 94.929 97.525 93.632 101.553 100.192 71.993 106.368 102.170 100.834 96.577 102.124  0.5% 1991 96.238 95.854 90.291 96.008 95.244 79.578 96.939 96.173 97.972 93.811 96.043  6.0% 1992 98.855 99.923 100.637 100.187 100.756 98.987 99.308 98.065 99.988 99.634 99.480 3.6% 1993 98.517 99.924 105.914 103.223 108.152 113.832 105.083 105.540 100.561 104.527 104.045 4.6% 1997 facilities> 64,722 13,513 16,876 62,501 30,665 6,270 226,577 20,758 5,780 580 448,242 IPI data source: Federal Reserve ( http:// www. federalreserve. gov/ releases/ G17/ table1_ 2. htm). * Average of all other sectors used to represent SIC code 97 ( sub sector item 13) 89 EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRIES WHICH USE INDUSTRIAL WIPES 1978 1993 Seasonally Adjusted Historical Data ( nr. workers x1,000): SIC codes> 27 28 30 34 35 36 37 25 551 73 75 Avg* Row totals Percent annual change Sub sector items> 1, 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 Year 1978 1,196 1,096 796 1,662 2,340 1,694 1,970 495 841 2,173 551 No data 14,814 1979 1,235 1,114 828 1,726 2,527 1,804 2,083 497 844 2,419 576 No data 15,653 5.7% 1980 1,251 1,107 737 1,571 2,513 1,746 1,819 455 728 2,538 571 No data 15,036  3.9% 1981 1,264 1,114 777 1,601 2,529 1,778 1,910 470 708 2,696 567 No data 15,414 2.5% 1982 1,269 1,077 731 1,431 2,291 1,710 1,729 430 695 2,710 586 No data 14,659  4.9% 1983 1,294 1,043 736 1,357 2,032 1,689 1,714 445 717 2,928 616 No data 14,571  0.6% 1984 1,375 1,050 816 1,463 2,224 1,871 1,878 488 793 3,345 684 No data 15,987 9.7% 1985 1,425 1,045 815 1,465 2,204 1,863 1,958 491 855 3,664 727 No data 16,512 3.3% 1986 1,453 1,021 820 1,424 2,080 1,772 1,999 498 892 3,943 759 No data 16,661 0.9% 1987 1,501 1,012 837 1,393 2,021 1,736 2,022 513 924 4,267 794 No data 17,020 2.2% 1988 1,543 1,059 867 1,431 2,085 1,763 2,035 525 959 4,615 831 No data 17,713 4.1% 1989 1,556 1,075 888 1,449 2,130 1,746 2,057 526 955 4,932 882 No data 18,196 2.7% 1990 1,572 1,087 893 1,426 2,100 1,679 2,027 509 928 5,161 917 No data 18,299 0.6% 1991 1,534 1,072 855 1,354 1,998 1,595 1,887 473 877 5,067 880 No data 17,592  3.9% 1992 1,506 1,086 878 1,330 1,932 1,528 1,843 478 878 5,308 876 No data 17,643 0.3% 1993 1,517 1,082 909 1,333 1,927 1,521 1,745 486 905 5,715 927 No data 18,067 2.4% 1997 facilities> 64,722 13,513 16,876 62,501 30,665 6,270 12,980 20,758 49,237 5,780 164,360 580 448,242 Employment data source: Bureau of Labor Statistics ( http:// www. bls. gov/ webapps/ legacy/ cesbtab1. htm). * Average of all other sectors used to represent SIC code 97 ( sub sector item 13) 90 SUB SECTORS GENERATING RCRA SOLVENT INDUSTRIAL WIPES ESTIMATION OF RCRA REGULATORY STATUS Category Item Economic Sector Sub sector Sub sector Census SIC code Sub sector Census NAICS code 1997 NAICS count of sub sector estblshmts RCRA Regulatory Status Subtotal SQGs + LQGs CESQGs SQGs** LQGs* A. 1997 ESTIMATE OF ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH USE INDUSTRIAL WIPES ( with & w/ out solvents): Printers> 1 Manufacturing Printing 275 to 279 323 42,916 0 42,325 591 42,916 Non printers> 2 Manufacturing Chemical & Allied Products 28 325 13,513 6,328 6,328 858 7,186 Non printers> 3 Manufacturing Plastics & Rubber 30 326 16,876 8,117 8,117 642 8,759 Non printers> 4 Manufacturing Fabricated Metal Products 34 332 62,501 30,581 30,581 1,339 31,920 Non printers> 5 Manufacturing Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 352 to 356 333 30,665 15,186 15,186 294 15,480 Non printers> 6 Manufacturing Electronics & Computers 367 3344 6,270 2,805 2,805 661 3,466 Non printers> 7 Manufacturing Transportation Eqpt 37 336 12,980 6,009 6,009 963 6,972 Non printers> 8 Manufacturing Furniture & Fixtures 25 337 20,758 10,270 10,270 219 10,489 Non printers> 9 Retail Trade Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 5511+ 5521 4411 49,237 23,909 23,909 1,420 25,328 Printers> 10 Information Publishing ( printed matter) 271 to 274 5111 21,806 0 21,457 349 21,806 Printers> 11 Administrative Services Business services ( copy shops) 7334 561439 5,780 0 5,665 115 5,780 Non printers> 12 Other Services Auto Repair & Maintenance 753 8111 164,360 82,151 82,151 59 82,210 Non printers> 13 Public Administration Military Bases 9721 92812 580 243 243 95 338 Column Totals: 448,242 185,595 255,042 7,604 262,647 100.0% 41.4% 56.9% 1.7% 58.6% Subtotals: All NAICS CESQGs SQGs LQGs SQG+ LQG Printers> 70,502 0 69,447 1,055 70,502 Non printers> 377,740 185,595 185,595 6,550 192,145 B. 1997 ESTIMATE OF RCRA SOLVENT WASTE INDUSTRIAL WIPES GENERATORS:

Category Item Economic Sector Sub sector % facilities using solvent wipes % states assumed adopting rule Total applicable facilities RCRA Regulatory Status Subtotal SQGs + LQGs CESQGs SQGs** LQGs* Printers> 1 Manufacturing Printing 100% 75% 32,187 0 31,744 443 32,187 Non printers> 2 Manufacturing Chemical & Allied Products 35% 75% 3,547 1,661 1,661 225 1,886 Non printers> 3 Manufacturing Plastics & Rubber 35% 75% 4,430 2,131 2,131 169 2,299 Non printers> 4 Manufacturing Fabricated Metal Products 35% 75% 16,407 8,028 8,028 351 8,379 Non printers> 5 Manufacturing Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 35% 75% 8,050 3,986 3,986 77 4,063 Non printers> 6 Manufacturing Electronics & Computers 35% 75% 1,646 736 736 174 910 Non printers> 7 Manufacturing Transportation Eqpt 35% 75% 3,407 1,577 1,577 253 1,830 Non printers> 8 Manufacturing Furniture & Fixtures 35% 75% 5,449 2,696 2,696 57 2,753 Non printers> 9 Retail Trade Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 35% 75% 12,925 6,276 6,276 373 6,649 Printers> 10 Information Publishing ( printed matter) 100% 75% 16,355 0 16,093 262 16,355 Printers> 11 Administrative Services Business services ( copy shops) 100% 75% 4,335 0 4,249 86 4,335 Non printers> 12 Other Services Auto Repair & Maintenance 35% 75% 43,145 21,565 21,565 15 21,580 Non printers> 13 Public Administration Military Bases 35% 75% 152 64 64 25 89 Category Item Economic Sector Sub sector % facilities using solvent wipes % states assumed adopting rule Total applicable facilities RCRA Regulatory Status Subtotal SQGs + LQGs CESQGs SQGs** LQGs*

91 Column Totals: 152,033 48,719 100,804 2,510 103,315 100.0% 32.0% 66.3% 1.7% 68.0% Subtotals: All NAICS CESQGs SQGs LQGs SQG+ LQG Printers> 52,877 0 52,085 791 52,877 Non printers> 99,157 48,719 48,719 1,719 50,438 Explanatory Notes: ( a) RCRA Regulatory Status Definitions for Establishments ( i. e. establishment size classes): ! CESQGs = conditionally exempt small quantity generator < 100 kilograms ( 220.5 pounds) haz waste in a calendar month ( 40 CFR 261.5( a)). ! SQGs = small quantity generator < 1,000 kilograms ( 2,205 pounds) haz waste in a calendar month ( 40 CFR 261.10). ! LQGs = large quantity generator > 1,000 kilograms ( 2,205 pounds) haz waste in a calendar month ( not defined in 40 CFR). ( b) Size Class Estimation Methodology: * LQGs assigned based on count from 1995 USEPA " Biennial Reporting System" ( BRS) database of RCRA hazardous waste LQGs. Shaded cells proportionally assigned by OSW EMRAD in absence of BRS data, according to LQG proportion from SAIC NEMC = 2.1% ** SQGs assumed to represent following percentage of all facilities in each sub sector, after subtracting LQGs: ! Printer sub sectors ( items 1, 10, 11) = 98.5% ! Non printer sub sectors = 50.0% CESQGs estimated as remainder of facilities, after subtracting LQGs and SQGs, from 1997 NAICS Census totals in each sub sector. ( c) Data sources for total establishment counts in each sub sector: 1997 NAICS code establishment count for manufacturing sub sectors: http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ ec97. 1995 benchmark year count of US military bases ( worldwide installations, major, minor, other): http:// www. defenselink. mil/ pubs/ installations/ index. html. ! NAICS = North American Industrial Classification system ( http:// www. census. gov/ epcd/ www/ naics. html). ! SIC = Standard Industrial Classification system. 92 ESTABLISHMENTS USING INDUSTRIAL WIPES WITH & WITHOUT SOLVENTS BY SUB SECTOR & BY TYPE OF INDUSTRIAL WIPES A. 1997 REFERENCE DATA: RCRA Regulatory Status>>> CESQGs ( nr. establishments) SQGs ( nr. establishments) LQGs ( nr. establishments) Total establishments Item Sub sector Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 39,355 2,970 42,325 550 41 591 39,904 3,012 42,916 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 5,883 444 6,328 5,883 444 6,328 798 60 858 12,565 948 13,513 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 7,547 570 8,117 7,547 570 8,117 597 45 642 15,692 1,184 16,876 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 28,435 2,146 30,581 28,435 2,146 30,581 1,245 94 1,339 58,115 4,386 62,501 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 14,120 1,066 15,186 14,120 1,066 15,186 273 21 294 28,513 2,152 30,665 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 2,608 197 2,805 2,608 197 2,805 615 46 661 5,830 440 6,270 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 5,587 422 6,009 5,587 422 6,009 895 68 963 12,069 911 12,980 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 9,549 721 10,270 9,549 721 10,270 204 15 219 19,301 1,457 20,758 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 22,231 1,678 23,909 22,231 1,678 23,909 1,320 100 1,420 45,781 3,456 49,237 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 19,951 1,506 21,457 324 24 349 20,276 1,530 21,806 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 5,267 398 5,665 107 8 115 5,374 406 5,780 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 76,385 5,766 82,151 76,385 5,766 82,151 55 4 59 152,825 11,535 164,360 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 225 17 243 225 17 243 88 7 95 539 41 580 Totals = 172,570 13,026 185,595 237,143 17,899 255,042 7,071 534 7,604 416,783 31,459 448,242 41.4% 56.9% 1.7% 93.0% 7.0% 100.0%

Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 0 0 0 64,573 4,874 69,447 981 74 1,055 65,554 4,948 70,502 Non printer subtotal = 172,570 13,026 185,595 172,570 13,026 185,595 6,090 460 6,550 351,229 26,511 377,740 B. UPDATE TO YEAR 2001:

RCRA Regulatory Status>>> CESQGs ( nr. establishments) SQGs ( nr. establishments) LQGs ( nr. establishments) Total establishments Item Sub sector Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 38,120 2,877 40,997 532 40 572 38,652 2,917 41,569 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 5,948 449 6,397 5,948 449 6,397 807 61 867 12,702 959 13,661 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 8,003 604 8,607 8,003 604 8,607 633 48 681 16,639 1,256 17,895 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 29,022 2,191 31,213 29,022 2,191 31,213 1,271 96 1,367 59,315 4,477 63,792 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 14,323 1,081 15,404 14,323 1,081 15,404 277 21 298 28,923 2,183 31,107 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 2,740 207 2,947 2,740 207 2,947 646 49 695 6,126 462 6,588 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 5,967 450 6,418 5,967 450 6,418 956 72 1,029 12,891 973 13,864 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 9,698 732 10,430 9,698 732 10,430 207 16 222 19,602 1,480 21,082 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 23,410 1,767 25,177 23,410 1,767 25,177 1,390 105 1,495 48,210 3,639 51,849 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 21,587 1,629 23,216 351 26 377 21,938 1,656 23,594 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 5,836 440 6,276 118 9 127 5,954 449 6,404 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 83,311 6,288 89,599 83,311 6,288 89,599 60 5 64 166,682 12,581 179,263 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 219 17 236 219 17 236 86 6 92 524 40 564 Totals = 182,642 13,786 196,427 248,184 18,733 266,917 7,334 554 7,888 438,160 33,072 471,232 41.7% 56.6% 1.7% 93.0% 7.0% 100.0%

Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 0 0 0 65,542 4,947 70,489 1,002 76 1,077 66,544 5,023 71,567 Non printer subtotal = 182,642 13,786 196,427 182,642 13,786 196,427 6,332 478 6,810 371,616 28,049 399,665 93 MOST LIKELY ESTIMATE SUB SECTOR REFERENCE DATA UPDATED TO YEAR 2001 I. ESTABLISHMENTS GENERATING RCRA SOLVENT WASTE INDUSTRIAL WIPES BY SUB SECTOR & TYPE OF WIPES 1997 to 2001 multi plier Item RCRA Regulatory Status>>> CESQGs ( number of establishments) SQGs ( number of establishments) LQGs ( number of establishments) TOTALS ( CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) Subtotal Affected Entities ( SQGs + LQGs)

Sub sector Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 28,590 2,158 30,748 399 30 429 28,989 2,188 31,177 28,989 2,188 31,177 0.969 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 1,524 155 1,679 1,524 155 1,679 212 16 228 3,259 327 3,586 1,735 171 1,907 1.011 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 2,050 209 2,259 2,050 209 2,259 166 13 179 4,267 431 4,697 2,216 222 2,438 1.060 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 7,435 758 8,193 7,435 758 8,193 334 25 359 15,204 1,541 16,745 7,769 783 8,552 1.021 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 3,669 374 4,044 3,669 374 4,044 73 5 78 7,412 754 8,165 3,742 380 4,122 1.014 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 702 72 774 702 72 774 170 13 182 1,573 156 1,729 872 84 956 1.051 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 1,529 156 1,685 1,529 156 1,685 251 19 270 3,309 331 3,639 1,780 175 1,955 1.068 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 2,484 253 2,738 2,484 253 2,738 54 4 58 5,023 511 5,534 2,539 257 2,796 1.016 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 5,998 611 6,609 5,998 611 6,609 365 28 392 12,360 1,250 13,610 6,362 639 7,001 1.053 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 16,190 1,222 17,412 263 20 283 16,453 1,242 17,695 16,453 1,242 17,695 1.082 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 4,377 330 4,707 89 7 95 4,466 337 4,803 4,466 337 4,803 1.108 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 21,344 2,176 23,520 21,344 2,176 23,520 16 1 17 42,703 4,353 47,057 21,360 2,177 23,537 1.091 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 56 6 62 56 6 62 23 2 24 135 13 148 79 7 86 0.972 Totals = 46,792 4,770 51,562 95,948 8,481 104,429 2,413 182 2,596 145,154 13,433 158,587 98,362 8,663 107,025 1.043 32.5% 65.8% 1.6% 91.5% 8.5% 100.0% 67.5% Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 0 0 0 49,157 3,710 52,867 751 57 808 49,908 3,767 53,675 49,908 3,767 53,675 50.2% Non printer subtotal = 46,792 4,770 51,562 46,792 4,770 51,562 1,662 125 1,788 95,246 9,666 104,912 48,454 4,896 53,350 49.8%

II. ANNUAL NUMBER OF RCRA SOLVENT WASTE INDUSTRIAL WIPES GENERATED BY APPLICABLE ESTABLISHMENTS Item RCRA Regulatory Status>>> CESQGs ( number of industrial wipes) SQGs ( number of industrial wipes) LQGs ( number of industrial wipes) TOTALS ( CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) Subtotal Affected Entities ( SQGs + LQGs) 1997 to 2001 multiplier Sub sector Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 565,659,591 17,050,706 582,710,298 74,303,831 2,237,036 76,540,867 639,963,423 19,287,742 659,251,165 639,963,423 19,287,742 659,251,165 1.070 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 12,053,232 1,908,983 13,962,216 42,186,313 6,670,343 48,856,656 23,718,009 2,774,685 26,492,694 77,957,554 11,354,012 89,311,565 65,904,321 9,445,028 75,349,349 1.110 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 16,489,634 2,604,250 19,093,884 57,707,802 9,126,711 66,834,512 18,928,159 2,213,612 21,141,771 93,125,595 13,944,572 107,070,167 76,635,961 11,340,323 87,976,283 1.184 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 57,577,964 9,106,271 66,684,235 201,522,873 31,860,977 233,383,850 36,600,626 4,278,850 40,879,476 295,701,463 45,246,098 340,947,561 238,123,499 36,139,827 274,263,326 1.097 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 36,527,334 5,774,851 42,302,185 127,845,668 20,211,978 148,057,646 10,260,172 1,205,430 11,465,602 174,633,174 27,192,259 201,825,433 138,105,840 21,417,408 159,523,248 1.402 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 13,270,139 2,096,737 15,366,876 46,459,279 7,338,580 53,797,859 45,438,499 5,324,609 50,763,108 105,167,917 14,759,925 119,927,843 91,897,779 12,663,188 104,560,967 2.759 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 11,226,160 1,774,844 13,001,004 39,297,004 6,217,398 45,514,402 26,121,783 3,059,700 29,181,483 76,644,947 11,051,942 87,696,889 65,418,787 9,277,098 74,695,885 1.089 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 19,502,346 3,088,056 22,590,402 68,269,281 10,791,594 79,060,874 6,043,292 708,371 6,751,664 93,814,920 14,588,021 108,402,940 74,312,573 11,499,965 85,812,538 1.107 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 44,675,979 7,066,710 51,742,689 156,360,483 24,728,040 181,088,523 38,513,024 4,507,886 43,020,910 239,549,486 36,302,636 275,852,122 194,873,507 29,235,926 224,109,433 1.089 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 286,768,691 8,648,444 295,417,134 43,841,615 1,327,236 45,168,852 330,610,306 9,975,680 340,585,986 330,610,306 9,975,680 340,585,986 1.070 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 74,581,196 2,245,659 76,826,855 14,233,053 432,263 14,665,316 88,814,248 2,677,922 91,492,171 88,814,248 2,677,922 91,492,171 1.054 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 153,507,666 24,270,718 177,778,385 537,276,832 84,952,959 622,229,791 1,600,626 185,106 1,785,733 692,385,125 109,408,784 801,793,908 538,877,458 85,138,065 624,015,523 1.089 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 511,749 85,291 597,040 1,778,937 280,243 2,059,180 2,887,726 341,166 3,228,892 5,178,412 706,701 5,885,113 4,666,663 621,409 5,288,073 1.218 Totals = 365,342,203 57,776,711 423,118,915 2,205,713,949 230,123,632 2,435,837,581 342,490,416 28,595,951 371,086,367 2,913,546,569 316,496,294 3,230,042,863 2,548,204,365 258,719,583 2,806,923,948 1.128 13.1% 75.4% 11.5% 90.2% 9.8% 100.0% 86.9% Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 0 0 0 927,009,478 27,944,809 954,954,287 132,378,499 3,996,535 136,375,034 1,059,387,977 31,941,344 1,091,329,321 1,059,387,977 31,941,344 1,091,329,321 38.9% Non printer subtotal = 365,342,203 57,776,711 423,118,915 1,278,704,471 202,178,823 1,480,883,294 210,111,917 24,599,416 234,711,333 1,854,158,592 284,554,950 2,138,713,542 1,488,816,388 226,778,238 1,715,594,627 61.1% 94 III. ANNUAL RCRA SOLVENT WASTE INDUSTRIAL WIPES GENERATED PER APPLICABLE ESTABLISHMENT Item RCRA Regulatory Status>>> CESQGs ( wipes per establishment) SQGs ( wipes per establishment) LQGs ( wipes per establishment) TOTALS ( CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) Subtotal Affected Entities ( SQGs + LQGs) Sub sector Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 19,785 7,901 18,951 186,128 74,241 178,275 22,076 8,815 21,145 22,076 8,815 21,145 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 7,910 12,288 8,315 27,685 42,937 29,096 112,031 173,637 116,355 23,919 34,755 24,906 37,974 55,127 39,515 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 8,042 12,459 8,451 28,146 43,661 29,581 113,916 176,501 118,308 21,825 32,383 22,793 34,575 51,180 36,084 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 7,744 12,013 8,139 27,103 42,031 28,485 109,724 169,945 113,950 19,449 29,357 20,361 30,651 46,143 32,070 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 9,954 15,436 10,462 34,840 54,027 36,615 140,952 219,396 146,457 23,562 36,078 24,717 36,904 56,421 38,702 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 18,904 29,297 19,865 66,183 102,540 69,547 268,036 416,127 278,429 66,838 94,657 69,346 105,447 150,103 109,388 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 7,343 11,387 7,717 25,704 39,889 27,016 104,045 161,461 108,075 23,164 33,422 24,096 36,754 53,068 38,213 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 7,850 12,191 8,251 27,478 42,605 28,878 111,322 172,877 115,642 18,676 28,565 19,589 29,271 44,678 30,689 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 7,449 11,557 7,829 26,071 40,441 27,400 105,542 163,666 109,621 19,381 29,032 20,268 30,629 45,753 32,009 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 17,712 7,077 16,966 166,605 66,822 159,602 20,094 8,033 19,247 20,094 8,033 19,247 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 17,040 6,798 16,321 160,313 64,504 153,588 19,889 7,945 19,050 19,889 7,945 19,050 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 7,192 11,154 7,559 25,173 39,040 26,456 101,910 156,141 105,716 16,214 25,133 17,039 25,229 39,104 26,512 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 9,110 14,893 9,645 31,668 48,934 33,266 128,071 200,461 133,151 38,388 53,718 39,750 59,281 83,648 61,382 Totals = 7,808 12,111 8,206 22,989 27,135 23,325 141,912 156,980 142,969 20,072 23,560 20,368 25,906 29,865 26,227 Printer average ( items 1,10,11)= 0 0 0 18,858 7,532 18,063 176,237 70,491 168,816 21,227 8,479 20,332 21,227 8,479 20,332 Non printer average = 7,808 12,111 8,206 27,328 42,381 28,720 126,401 196,062 131,290 19,467 29,438 20,386 30,726 46,320 32,157 IV. WEEKLY SOLVENT INDUSTRIAL WIPES USAGE RATES PER ESTABLISHMENT Item RCRA Regulatory Status>>> CESQGs ( wipes per establishment) SQGs ( wipes per establishment) LQGs ( wipes per establishment) TOTALS ( CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) Subtotal Affected Entities ( SQGs + LQGs) Sub sector Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Subtotal Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 396 158 379 3,723 1,485 3,566 442 176 423 442 176 423 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 158 246 166 554 859 582 2,241 3,473 2,327 478 695 498 759 1,103 790 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 161 249 169 563 873 592 2,278 3,530 2,366 437 648 456 692 1,024 722 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 155 240 163 542 841 570 2,194 3,399 2,279 389 587 407 613 923 641 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 199 309 209 697 1,081 732 2,819 4,388 2,929 471 722 494 738 1,128 774 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 378 586 397 1,324 2,051 1,391 5,361 8,323 5,569 1,337 1,893 1,387 2,109 3,002 2,188 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 147 228 154 514 798 540 2,081 3,229 2,161 463 668 482 735 1,061 764 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 157 244 165 550 852 578 2,226 3,458 2,313 374 571 392 585 894 614 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 149 231 157 521 809 548 2,111 3,273 2,192 388 581 405 613 915 640 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 354 142 339 3,332 1,336 3,192 402 161 385 402 161 385 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 341 136 326 3,206 1,290 3,072 398 159 381 398 159 381 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 144 223 151 503 781 529 2,038 3,123 2,114 324 503 341 505 782 530 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 182 298 193 633 979 665 2,561 4,009 2,663 768 1,074 795 1,186 1,673 1,228 Totals = 156 242 164 460 543 467 2,838 3,140 2,859 401 471 407 518 597 525 Printer average ( items 1,10,11)= 0 0 0 377 151 361 3,525 1,410 3,376 425 170 407 425 170 407 Non printer average = 156 242 164 547 848 574 2,528 3,921 2,626 389 589 408 615 926 643 95 Pie Chart Summary from Section I of Previous Spreadsheet ( Disposables + Reusables) 96 Pie Chart Summary of Section II of Prior Spreadsheet ( Disposables + Reusables) 97 YEAR 2001 UPDATE COUNT INDUSTRIAL WIPES ( with & w/ o solvents)

Item Sub sector Total Wipe Uses ( CESQGs + SQGs + LQGs) Reusables Disposables Totals % Printer> 1 Printing 853,300,000 25,700,000 879,000,000 9.2% Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 297,000,000 43,300,000 340,300,000 3.5% Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 354,800,000 53,100,000 407,900,000 4.2% Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 1,126,500,000 172,400,000 1,298,900,000 13.5% Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 665,300,000 103,600,000 768,900,000 8.0% Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 400,600,000 56,200,000 456,800,000 4.8% Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 292,000,000 42,100,000 334,100,000 3.5% Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 357,400,000 55,600,000 413,000,000 4.3% Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 912,600,000 138,300,000 1,050,900,000 10.9% Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 440,800,000 13,300,000 454,100,000 4.7% Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 118,400,000 3,600,000 122,000,000 1.3% Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 2,637,700,000 416,800,000 3,054,500,000 31.8% Non printer> 13 Military Bases 19,700,000 2,700,000 22,400,000 0.2% Totals = 8,476,100,000 1,126,700,000 9,602,800,000 100.0% National marketshare = 88.3% 11.7% 100.0% Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 1,412,500,000 42,600,000 1,455,100,000 15.2% Non printer subtotal = 7,063,600,000 1,084,100,000 8,147,700,000 84.8% 98 Estimated Number of Workers in Industries Using Solvent Industrial Wipes ( 2001)

Item Sub sector 1997 Census employees in sub sector 2001 facility count update multiplier Year 2001 estimated employees % facilities " most likely" using solvent wipes Employees in solvent wipes using facilities Printer> 1 Printing 838,240 0.969 811,936 100.0% 811,936 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 884,321 1.011 893,996 35.0% 312,899 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 1,029,976 1.060 1,092,168 35.0% 382,259 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 1,774,874 1.021 1,811,540 35.0% 634,039 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 1,421,820 1.014 1,442,294 35.0% 504,803 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 588,938 1.051 618,832 35.0% 216,591 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 1,848,558 1.068 1,974,518 35.0% 691,081 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 604,845 1.016 614,278 35.0% 214,997 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 1,138,995 1.053 1,199,421 35.0% 419,797 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 739,834 1.082 800,488 100.0% 800,488 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 87,221 1.108 96,630 100.0% 96,630 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 815,149 1.091 889,061 35.0% 311,171 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 1,438,562 0.972 1,398,890 35.0% 489,612 Totals = 13,211,333 1.043 13,600,000 5,900,000 Percent = 100.0% 43.4% Printer subtotal ( items 1+ 10+ 11) = 1,665,295 1,709,055 1,709,055 Non printer subtotal = 11,546,038 11,890,945 4,190,945 99 Printing 13.8%

Chemical & Allied Products 5.3%

Plastics & Rubber 6.5%

Fabricated Metal Products 10.8%

Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 8.6% Electronics & Computers 3.7% Transportation Eqpt 11.7% Furniture & Fixtures 3.7% Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 7.1% Publishing ( printed matter) 13.6% Business services ( copy shops) 1.6% Auto Repair & Maintenance 5.3% Military Bases 8.3% Proportion of Employees Working in 13 Solvent Industrial Wipes Sub Sectors ( Based on estimated 5.9 million employees in facilities using solvent industrial wipes) 100 INDUSTRIAL WIPES PROPOSED EXCLUSIONS COUNT OF AFFECTED SMALL FIRM ESTABLISHMENTS IN STATES WHICH MAY ADOPT THE EXCLUSIONS ( Disposable + Reusable Wipes Generators & Laundries)

Item Sub sector NAICS subsector code NAICS code used to represent subsector* Small Firm Size Bins ( 1997 Economic Census) Subtotal small firm facilities Nonsmall facilities Total facilities all sizes Bin# 1 Bin# 2 Bin# 3 Bin# 4 Bin# 5 Bin# 6 Bin# 7 1 Printing 323* 323110 15,496 9,902 7,058 5,224 2,089 1,317 353 41,440 129 41,569 2 Chemical & Allied Products 325* 325998 675 389 540 535 235 126 33 2,534 9 2,542 3 Plastics & Rubber 326* 326199 585 371 522 749 454 413 125 3,219 32 3,251 4 Fabricated Metal Products 332* 332322 2,395 1,918 2,633 2,748 1,073 539 84 11,390 13 11,403 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 333* 333514 1,907 1,236 1,118 879 233 107 12 5,491 5 5,496 6 Electronics & Computers 3344* 334419 392 196 194 202 125 109 42 1,260 15 1,274 7 Transportation Eqpt 336* 336399 597 311 337 448 277 291 214 2,475 131 2,606 8 Furniture & Fixtures 337* 337122 1,944 619 446 311 160 125 77 3,682 46 3,728 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 4411 1,063 1,146 1,323 1,388 741 644 862 7,166 2,170 9,335 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 5111 8,495 3,553 2,921 2,626 1,330 1,355 1,132 21,411 2,182 23,594 11 Business services ( copy shops) 561439 561439 520 1,128 1,094 806 579 304 0 4,431 1,972 6,404 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 8111 8111 3,868 9,768 8,239 4,663 2,265 632 0 29,435 1,947 31,382 13 Military Bases 92812 92812 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 115 Column subtotals ( 1+...+ 13) = 37,938 30,537 26,425 20,578 9,561 5,961 2,934 133,934 8,651 142,700 93.9% 6.1% 100.0%

14 Linen Supply & Laundering 812332 812332 54 102 89 68 95 81 61 551 624 1,175 46.9% 53.1% 100.0%

Grand totals ( 1+...+ 14) = 134,485 9,275 143,875 93.6% 6.4% 100%

Explanatory Notes: ( a) * Indicates that in absence of 1997 Economic Census firm size data for the 3 digit NAICS code manufacturing sub sectors, the respective largest number of establishments 6 digit NAICS code industry used to represent the size bin percentage distribution of establishments in each sub sector. ( b) The 6 digit industry code shown represents the single largest industry by number of establishments within the sub sector, ranging from 7.2% to 51.0% subsector coverages. ( c) Items 9 14 firm size bin distributions based on exact data ( 1997 Economic Census) matching the NAICS code displayed. 101 102 BASELINE EFFECTIVE ANNUAL COST OF USING INDUSTRIAL WIPES AS A PERCENTAGE OF WIPES GENERATOR ANNUAL OPERATING COSTS Item Sub sector NAICS code Natl Avg. Baseline Unit Cost* ($/ wipe) National Annual Effective Cost for Industrial Wipers Annual Average Wipes Cost Per Facility Operating Costs as % of Business Revenues Weighted avg Operating Revenues Per Facility Baseline Wipes Annual Cost as % of Operating Costs A. DISPOSABLE WIPES: 1 Printing 323 $ 0.2336 $ 6,011,894 $ 2,061 77.3% $ 2,082,921 0.10% 2 Chemical & Allied Products 325 $ 0.2336 $ 2,943,200 $ 12,884 59.6% $ 6,648,640 0.19% 3 Plastics & Rubber 326 $ 0.2336 $ 3,534,606 $ 11,964 89.7% $ 6,878,990 0.17% 4 Fabricated Metal Products 332 $ 0.2336 $ 11,260,922 $ 10,783 78.1% $ 2,760,591 0.39% 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 333 $ 0.2336 $ 6,670,906 $ 13,180 80.7% $ 1,400,455 0.94% 6 Electronics & Computers 3344 $ 0.2336 $ 3,944,864 $ 35,070 75.1% $ 4,246,377 0.83% 7 Transportation Eqpt 336 $ 0.2336 $ 2,887,478 $ 12,388 77.9% $ 17,610,264 0.07% 8 Furniture & Fixtures 337 $ 0.2336 $ 3,581,632 $ 10,436 75.3% $ 2,201,434 0.47% 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 $ 0.2336 $ 9,105,096 $ 10,687 11.7% $ 668,734 1.60% 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 $ 0.2336 $ 3,105,979 $ 1,876 51.0% $ 2,998,041 0.06% 11 Business services ( copy shops) 561439 $ 0.2336 $ 832,590 $ 1,853 72.0% $ 947,461 0.20% 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 8111 $ 0.2336 $ 26,521,549 $ 9,136 56.3% $ 238,037 3.84% 13 Military Bases 92812 $ 0.2336 $ 193,583 $ 19,544 NR NR NR Subtotal ( or weighted average) = $ 80,594,299 $ 6,977 63.3% $ 2,224,169 0.31%

B. REUSABLE WIPES: 1 Printing 323 $ 0.0535 $ 45,652,141 $ 1,181 77.3% $ 2,082,921 0.06% 2 Chemical & Allied Products 325 $ 0.0535 $ 4,701,064 $ 2,032 59.6% $ 6,648,640 0.03% 3 Plastics & Rubber 326 $ 0.0535 $ 5,468,066 $ 1,850 89.7% $ 6,878,990 0.03% 4 Fabricated Metal Products 332 $ 0.0535 $ 16,986,653 $ 1,640 78.1% $ 2,760,591 0.06% 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 333 $ 0.0535 $ 9,852,232 $ 1,975 80.7% $ 1,400,455 0.14% 6 Electronics & Computers 3344 $ 0.0535 $ 6,556,480 $ 5,642 75.1% $ 4,246,377 0.13% 7 Transportation Eqpt 336 $ 0.0535 $ 4,666,821 $ 1,966 77.9% $ 17,610,264 0.01% 8 Furniture & Fixtures 337 $ 0.0535 $ 5,300,469 $ 1,566 75.3% $ 2,201,434 0.07% 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 4411 $ 0.0535 $ 13,901,428 $ 1,639 11.7% $ 668,734 0.25% 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 5111 $ 0.0535 $ 23,584,544 $ 1,075 51.0% $ 2,998,041 0.04% 11 Business services ( copy shops) 561439 $ 0.0535 $ 6,334,969 $ 1,064 72.0% $ 947,461 0.11% 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 8111 $ 0.0535 $ 38,440,248 $ 1,350 56.3% $ 238,037 0.57% 13 Military Bases 92812 $ 0.0535 $ 332,460 $ 3,167 NR NR NR Subtotal ( or weighted average) = $ 181,777,576 $ 1,386 63.3% $ 2,246,399 0.06%

SUMMARY STATISTICS ( Disposables & Reusables): Min = 0.01% Max = 3.84%

Average = 0.08%

Explanatory Notes: ( a) * Unit Cost Sources: Disposable wipes: Current price for wipes plus cost for hazardous waste incineration of spent wipes. Reusable wipes: US Bureau of Census data for industrial laundries ( annual $ revenues / annual wipes). ( b) Derivation of each unit cost using these data sources is displayed on another table elsewhere in this study. 103 Attachment Set B Industrial Laundry Data 104 US Census Bureau Industry Quick Report: Industrial Launderers ( NAICS code = 812332) Selected Industry Statistics by State: 1997 and 1992 Geography Number of Establishments Number of Employees Annual Payroll ($ 1,000) Shipments/ Sales/ Receipts ($ 1,000) Population Estimate 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 TAXABLE INDUSTRIES United States 1,613 1,435 81,908 63,172 1,670,672 1,199,428 5,007,637 3,649,671 267,743,595 255,077,536 Alabama 37 23 1,956 1,352 36,152 24,209 106,212 69,381 4,322,113 4,137,511 Alaska 1 1 a e D D D D 609,655 587,766 Arizona 25 21 1,073 676 21,360 12,414 73,880 37,802 4,553,249 3,832,368 Arkansas 26 26 1,291 967 19,846 15,083 57,057 44,927 2,523,186 2,394,253 California 194 165 9,394 7,379 208,356 157,295 630,257 468,151 32,182,118 30,895,356 Colorado 19 20 828 479 16,904 8,982 47,160 28,481 3,892,029 3,464,675 Connecticut 15 14 766 618 17,377 13,890 49,841 34,979 3,267,240 3,279,116 Delaware 3 3 198 c 6,012 D 15,143 D 735,143 690,884 District of Columbia 1 2 a a D D D D 529,895 585,221 Florida 67 54 3,826 2,927 72,405 56,260 214,132 171,343 14,677,181 13,482,716 Georgia 55 40 2,135 2,011 44,405 37,637 131,340 110,419 7,489,982 6,773,364 Hawaii 4 2 30 b 206 D 977 D 1,192,057 1,155,726 Idaho 6 5 163 143 2,575 2,498 7,798 6,446 1,208,865 1,065,885 Illinois 70 66 4,455 2,754 92,480 54,113 289,114 176,080 11,989,352 11,612,906 Indiana 50 41 2,978 1,969 55,997 38,252 169,672 118,232 5,864,847 5,658,323 Iowa 22 25 1,349 1,068 25,885 19,602 70,639 56,275 2,854,330 2,802,944 Kansas 15 20 1,066 609 18,859 11,518 54,480 33,232 2,601,437 2,515,320 Kentucky 34 27 1,946 1,507 33,139 26,979 99,840 74,467 3,910,366 3,753,836 Louisiana 24 22 1,101 1,028 23,681 15,943 73,649 54,049 4,353,646 4,278,889 Maine 7 6 270 194 4,884 3,745 16,334 12,458 1,241,895 1,236,348 Geography Number of Establishments Number of Employees Annual Payroll ($ 1,000) Shipments/ Sales/ Receipts ($ 1,000) Population Estimate 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 105 Maryland 24 23 1,403 1,212 31,821 24,276 106,151 80,221 5,094,924 4,917,269 Massachusetts 34 30 1,406 1,057 33,694 23,565 99,784 75,794 6,114,440 5,992,712 Michigan 80 63 3,591 2,658 73,181 47,933 217,241 137,473 9,779,984 9,433,665 Minnesota 19 22 1,156 971 32,274 20,984 80,823 59,810 4,687,408 4,468,165 Mississippi 10 13 444 586 7,804 8,678 23,328 26,004 2,731,644 2,615,208 Missouri 35 32 1,471 1,188 33,688 22,171 94,545 65,156 5,408,455 5,190,719 Montana 7 11 196 202 3,381 3,005 10,009 8,727 878,730 822,347 Nebraska 12 8 298 253 5,813 3,833 16,051 10,151 1,657,009 1,600,524 Nevada 11 8 e c D D D D 1,678,691 1,336,419 New Hampshire 11 9 669 380 18,025 8,438 53,361 27,410 1,172,140 1,115,087 New Jersey 35 40 1,800 1,503 39,265 31,034 108,589 91,110 8,058,384 7,820,260 New Mexico 12 11 421 445 8,738 6,067 28,113 21,100 1,723,965 1,581,830 New York 80 75 2,898 2,451 62,539 54,125 187,592 171,585 18,146,200 18,109,491 North Carolina 52 43 3,219 2,120 59,944 35,252 188,155 113,310 7,430,675 6,836,333 North Dakota 5 2 c b D D D D 640,965 634,031 Ohio 84 79 4,866 4,366 99,414 79,196 302,228 269,099 11,192,932 11,021,419 Oklahoma 22 18 1,149 857 19,680 13,451 60,587 41,624 3,321,611 3,205,234 Oregon 18 19 1,228 722 25,286 15,916 70,438 40,793 3,243,272 2,971,567 Pennsylvania 60 63 3,121 2,878 68,220 57,655 216,376 197,392 12,011,278 11,995,405 Rhode Island 5 3 76 b 1,832 D 8,277 D 987,263 1,001,344 South Carolina 28 23 1,255 826 22,757 11,325 73,609 36,165 3,788,119 3,602,854 South Dakota 5 5 128 99 2,489 1,580 5,980 4,484 737,755 708,411 Tennessee 43 32 2,602 1,525 49,964 31,032 134,141 78,604 5,371,693 5,025,261 Texas 121 124 6,971 5,580 123,186 91,647 385,896 285,415 19,385,699 17,682,538 Geography Number of Establishments Number of Employees Annual Payroll ($ 1,000) Shipments/ Sales/ Receipts ($ 1,000) Population Estimate 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 1992 1997 106 Utah 11 13 f 449 D 7,357 D 20,607 2,065,001 1,811,215 Vermont 2 1 b a D D D D 588,632 571,334 Virginia 40 33 2,059 1,697 41,291 31,364 119,969 89,819 6,737,489 6,394,481 Washington 27 15 1,101 749 26,289 20,786 69,530 50,399 5,614,151 5,142,746 West Virginia 9 6 408 e 8,068 D 31,346 D 1,815,231 1,808,860 Wisconsin 32 25 1,968 1,239 45,890 24,742 139,402 69,581 5,201,226 4,992,664 Wyoming 4 3 b c D D D D 480,043 464,736 Explanatory Notes: ( a) Source: Data based on the US Dept of Commerce, Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census: http:// factfinder. census. gov/ home/ en/ datanotes/ exp_ econ97. html. Excludes data for auxiliaries. For Manufacturing industries, only states with 100 employees or more are shown. ( b) Key to footnote letters shown in table: D: Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals N: Not available or not comparable S: Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards Z: Less than half the unit shown a: 0  19 employees b: 20  99 employees c: 100  249 employees e: 250  499 employees f: 500  999 employees g: 1,000  2,499 employees h: 2,500  4,999 employees i: 5,000  9,999 employees j: 10,000  24,999 employees k: 25,000  49,999 employees l: 50,000  99,999 employees m: 100,000 or more employees p: 10 to 19 percent estimated q: 20 to 29 percent estimated r: Revised s: Sampling error exceeds 40 percent 107 108 Laundry Cleaning & Garment Services Sub Sector ( SIC= 721) Business Operating Annual Expenses Item Business Expense Element 1997 1992 USEPA OSW Estimated ( millions) % of revenues ( millions) % of revenues Avg % of revenues Type of expense A. Operating Expenses Compared to Revenues: A1 Annual receipts or revenues ( income) $ 22,399 100.0% $ 18,805 100.0% Implied average annual growth in revenues ( 5 years) = 3.6% A2 Operating expenses total $ 17,186 76.7% $ 14,121 75.1% 75.9% A3 Gross profit = gross margin = net income ( A1  A2) $ 5,213 23.3% $ 4,684 24.9% 24.1% A4 Tax on gross profit ( Federal + State)* $ 2,097 9.4% $ 1,884 10.0% 9.7% A5 After tax profit ( A3  A4) $ 3,116 13.9% $ 2,800 14.9% 14.4% Implied average annual growth in after tax profit ( 5 years) = 2.2% B. Break down of Operating Expenses: Operating expenses total ( item A2) $ 17,186 100.0% $ 14,121 100.0% 100.1% B1 Annual payroll $ 7,020 40.8% NR NR 40.8% Fixed B2 Employer costs for fringe benefits $ 1,206 7.0% NR NR 7.0% Fixed B3 Cost of contract labor $ 297 1.7% NR NR 1.7% Variable B4 Taxes & license fees $ 226 1.3% $ 158 1.1% 1.2% Fixed B5 Depreciation & amortization charges $ 1,082 6.3% $ 927 6.6% 6.4% Fixed B6 Lease & rental payments $ 1,381 8.0% $ 1,052 7.4% 7.7% Fixed B7 Telephone & other purchased communications $ 215 1.3% $ 155 1.1% 1.2% Fixed B8 Purchased utilities ( e. g. fuels, electricity) $ 1,173 6.8% $ 1,075 7.6% 7.2% 90% variable B9 Purchased materials $ 138 0.8% $ 131 0.9% 0.9% Variable B10 Advertising services $ 334 1.9% $ 242 1.7% 1.8% Fixed B11 Purchased repair & maintenance services $ 445 2.6% $ 381 2.7% 2.6% Variable B12 Cost of purchased legal services $ 53 0.3% $ 58 0.4% 0.4% Fixed B13 Cost of purchased accounting, auditing, & book keeping services $ 104 0.6% $ 84 0.6% 0.6% Fixed B14 Cost of data processing & other computer related services $ 33 0.2% $ 21 0.1% 0.2% Fixed B15 Other operating expenses** $ 3,479 20.2% $ 2,858 20.2% 20.2% 90% variable Fixed > 70.0% Variable > 30.0%

Explanatory Notes: ( a) Source: US Bureau of Census, 1997 Economic Census " Business Expenses", EC97CS 8, Dec 2000, pp. 56 96, http:// www. census. gov/ prod/ ec97/ e97cs 8. pdf ( b) * Tax estimated by multiplying gross profit by marginal income tax rate ( EPA 821 R 00 004, pp. B 3 to B 11, March 2000): Federal income tax rate = 34.00% Average state income tax rate ( avg of corporate & personal) = 6.23% Combined rate ( Federal + State) = 40.23% ( c) NR = Data not reported in source document. ( d) ** Other operating expenses = inventory storage, shipping costs, insurance expense ( non employee), uninsured casualty losses, bad debt losses, & refuse removal ( including haz waste). 109 110 111 112 113 Survey Sample of US Industrial Laundries ( 1994 USEPA) Annual Quantities Distribution of Resuable Wipes Laundered A B C D E F ( D x E) G ( F/ weight) H I J ( G x price)

Laundry facility count Cumltv % of sample Survey blind ID Total annual all items laundered ( pounds) % of annual items which are reusable wipes* Annual reusable wipes laundered ( pounds) Annual reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumulative reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumltv % annual wipes 2001 implied annual wipes revenues*** per laundry 1 0.7% S3636 229,276 2% 4,586 36,684 36,684 0.005% $ 1,963 2 1.4% S5204 483,600 1% 4,836 38,688 75,372 0.01% $ 2,070 3 2.1% S7286 646,764 1% 6,468 51,741 127,113 0.02% $ 2,768 4 2.8% S7211 501,636 2% 10,033 80,262 207,375 0.03% $ 4,294 5 3.4% S3663 1,271,980 1% 12,720 101,758 309,133 0.04% $ 5,444 6 4.1% S2098 1,508,366 1% 15,084 120,669 429,803 0.06% $ 6,456 7 4.8% S3916 948,965 2% 18,979 151,834 581,637 0.07% $ 8,123 8 5.5% S6248 1,180,608 2% 23,612 188,897 770,534 0.10% $ 10,106 9 6.2% S7499 302,956 9% 27,266 218,128 988,663 0.13% $ 11,670 10 6.9% S3908 2,741,834 1% 27,418 219,347 1,208,009 0.15% $ 11,735 11 7.6% S7374 3,000,000 1% 30,000 240,000 1,448,009 0.19% $ 12,840 12 8.3% S7383 3,256,744 1% 32,567 260,540 1,708,549 0.22% $ 13,939 13 9.0% S6924 3,283,118 1% 32,831 262,649 1,971,198 0.25% $ 14,052 14 9.7% S7766 3,409,652 1% 34,097 272,772 2,243,971 0.29% $ 14,594 15 10.3% S5152 3,554,170 1% 35,542 284,334 2,528,304 0.32% $ 15,212 16 11.0% S4370 1,209,400 3% 36,282 290,256 2,818,560 0.36% $ 15,529 17 11.7% S2446 4,353,336 1% 43,533 348,267 3,166,827 0.41% $ 18,633 18 12.4% S8572 1,494,087 3% 44,823 358,581 3,525,408 0.45% $ 19,184 19 13.1% S1045 2,464,339 2% 49,287 394,294 3,919,702 0.50% $ 21,095 20 13.8% S8272 1,253,200 4% 50,128 401,024 4,320,726 0.55% $ 21,455 21 14.5% S3023 840,000 6% 50,400 403,200 4,723,926 0.61% $ 21,572 22 15.2% S7539 1,698,991 3% 50,970 407,758 5,131,684 0.66% $ 21,815 23 15.9% S1032 2,571,239 2% 51,425 411,398 5,543,082 0.71% $ 22,010 24 16.6% S6197 5,167,100 1% 51,671 413,368 5,956,450 0.76% $ 22,116 25 17.2% S2877 5,317,487 1% 53,175 425,399 6,381,849 0.82% $ 22,759 26 17.9% S6502 5,720,000 1% 57,200 457,600 6,839,449 0.88% $ 24,482 27 18.6% S9066 6,440,344 1% 64,403 515,228 7,354,677 0.94% $ 27,565 28 19.3% S6185 6,937,000 1% 69,370 554,960 7,909,637 1.0% $ 29,691 29 20.0% S6220 7,008,543 1% 70,085 560,683 8,470,320 1.1% $ 29,997 30 20.7% S2014 658,948 11% 72,484 579,874 9,050,194 1.2% $ 31,024 31 21.4% S8214 7,603,619 1% 76,036 608,290 9,658,484 1.2% $ 32,544 32 22.1% S1370 7,612,995 1% 76,130 609,040 10,267,524 1.3% $ 32,584 33 22.8% S4297 1,092,000 7% 76,440 611,520 10,879,044 1.4% $ 32,717 34 23.4% S8896 7,967,906 1% 79,679 637,432 11,516,476 1.5% $ 34,103 35 24.1% S6154 3,994,952 2% 79,899 639,192 12,155,668 1.6% $ 34,197 36 24.8% S3166 243,600 35% 85,260 682,080 12,837,748 1.6% $ 36,492 37 25.5% S7826 2,142,733 4% 85,709 685,675 13,523,423 1.7% $ 36,684 A B C D E F ( D x E) G ( F/ weight) H I J ( G x price)

Laundry facility count Cumltv % of sample Survey blind ID Total annual all items laundered ( pounds) % of annual items which are reusable wipes* Annual reusable wipes laundered ( pounds) Annual reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumulative reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumltv % annual wipes 2001 implied annual wipes revenues*** per laundry 114 38 26.2% S8229 2,240,108 4% 89,604 716,835 14,240,257 1.8% $ 38,351 39 26.9% S2047 9,304,724 1% 93,047 744,378 14,984,635 1.9% $ 39,825 40 27.6% S2439 1,894,848 5% 94,742 757,939 15,742,575 2.0% $ 40,550 41 28.3% S5203 2,389,725 4% 95,589 764,712 16,507,287 2.1% $ 40,913 42 29.0% S5001 1,210,418 8% 96,833 774,668 17,281,954 2.2% $ 41,445 43 29.7% S2173 1,387,427 7% 97,120 776,959 18,058,913 2.3% $ 41,568 44 30.3% S6192 1,394,745 7% 97,632 781,057 18,839,970 2.4% $ 41,787 45 31.0% S6804 2,604,800 4% 104,192 833,536 19,673,506 2.5% $ 44,595 46 31.7% S3481 1,810,600 6% 108,636 869,088 20,542,594 2.6% $ 46,497 47 32.4% S6642 3,689,660 3% 110,690 885,518 21,428,113 2.7% $ 47,376 48 33.1% S3566 948,668 12% 113,840 910,721 22,338,834 2.9% $ 48,724 49 33.8% S7409 11,741,500 1% 117,415 939,320 23,278,154 3.0% $ 50,255 50 34.5% S5612 1,748,898 7% 122,423 979,383 24,257,537 3.1% $ 52,398 51 35.2% S3743 12,480,000 1% 124,800 998,400 25,255,937 3.2% $ 53,415 52 35.9% S7325 3,327,102 4% 133,084 1,064,673 26,320,610 3.4% $ 56,961 53 36.6% S2181 4,483,200 3% 134,496 1,075,968 27,396,578 3.5% $ 57,565 54 37.2% S6128 3,449,812 4% 137,992 1,103,940 28,500,517 3.7% $ 59,062 55 37.9% S6554 14,061,564 1% 140,616 1,124,925 29,625,443 3.8% $ 60,185 56 38.6% S2086 1,872,900 8% 149,832 1,198,656 30,824,099 4.0% $ 64,129 57 39.3% S2310 1,500,000 10% 150,000 1,200,000 32,024,099 4.1% $ 64,201 58 40.0% S8267 4,391,868 4% 175,675 1,405,398 33,429,496 4.3% $ 75,190 59 40.7% S2790 17,757,000 1% 177,570 1,420,560 34,850,056 4.5% $ 76,001 60 41.4% S6934 18,280,102 1% 182,801 1,462,408 36,312,464 4.7% $ 78,240 61 42.1% S9459 3,050,632 6% 183,038 1,464,303 37,776,768 4.8% $ 78,342 62 42.8% S7035 1,576,406 12% 189,169 1,513,350 39,290,118 5.0% $ 80,966 63 43.4% S6089 2,707,229 7% 189,506 1,516,048 40,806,166 5.2% $ 81,110 64 44.1% S9040 1,804,114 11% 198,453 1,587,620 42,393,786 5.4% $ 84,939 65 44.8% S5567 5,005,238 4% 200,210 1,601,676 43,995,462 5.6% $ 85,691 66 45.5% S9164 2,686,898 8% 214,952 1,719,615 45,715,077 5.9% $ 92,001 67 46.2% S7773 4,515,863 5% 225,793 1,806,345 47,521,422 6.1% $ 96,641 68 46.9% S2394 6,078,134 4% 243,125 1,945,003 49,466,425 6.3% $ 104,060 69 47.6% S9337 4,869,126 5% 243,456 1,947,650 51,414,076 6.6% $ 104,201 70 48.3% S4170 647,540 39% 252,541 2,020,325 53,434,400 6.9% $ 108,089 71 49.0% S6167 334,500 76% 254,220 2,033,760 55,468,160 7.1% $ 108,808 72 49.7% S1978 5,188,426 5% 259,421 2,075,370 57,543,531 7.4% $ 111,034 73 50.3% S1913 6,671,397 4% 266,856 2,134,847 59,678,378 7.7% $ 114,216 74 51.0% S2888 4,573,524 6% 274,411 2,195,292 61,873,669 7.9% $ 117,450 75 51.7% S2208 4,885,520 6% 293,131 2,345,050 64,218,719 8.2% $ 125,462 76 52.4% S5129 2,721,868 11% 299,405 2,395,244 66,613,963 8.5% $ 128,148 77 53.1% S7988 2,812,940 11% 309,423 2,475,387 69,089,350 8.9% $ 132,436 A B C D E F ( D x E) G ( F/ weight) H I J ( G x price)

Laundry facility count Cumltv % of sample Survey blind ID Total annual all items laundered ( pounds) % of annual items which are reusable wipes* Annual reusable wipes laundered ( pounds) Annual reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumulative reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumltv % annual wipes 2001 implied annual wipes revenues*** per laundry 115 78 53.8% S5573 3,601,750 10% 360,175 2,881,400 71,970,750 9.2% $ 154,158 79 54.5% S5246 3,348,000 11% 368,280 2,946,240 74,916,990 9.6% $ 157,627 80 55.2% S6654 6,403,896 6% 384,234 3,073,870 77,990,860 10.0% $ 164,455 81 55.9% S8724 6,466,500 6% 387,990 3,103,920 81,094,780 10.4% $ 166,063 82 56.6% S3339 4,945,165 8% 395,613 3,164,906 84,259,686 10.8% $ 169,326 83 57.2% S8363 6,833,671 6% 410,020 3,280,162 87,539,848 11.2% $ 175,492 84 57.9% S9017 3,812,700 11% 419,397 3,355,176 90,895,024 11.7% $ 179,505 85 58.6% S3477 8,431,384 5% 421,569 3,372,554 94,267,577 12.1% $ 180,435 86 59.3% S1407 10,642,836 4% 425,713 3,405,708 97,673,285 12.5% $ 182,209 87 60.0% S6530 4,949,964 9% 445,497 3,563,974 101,237,259 13.0% $ 190,676 88 60.7% S3941 6,978,400 7% 488,488 3,907,904 105,145,163 13.5% $ 209,077 89 61.4% S4767 6,113,872 8% 489,110 3,912,878 109,058,041 14.0% $ 209,343 90 62.1% S4996 5,539,560 9% 498,560 3,988,483 113,046,524 14.5% $ 213,388 91 62.8% S6983 12,473,000 4% 498,920 3,991,360 117,037,884 15.0% $ 213,542 92 63.4% S9778 7,293,722 7% 510,561 4,084,484 121,122,368 15.5% $ 218,524 93 64.1% S1452 6,395,584 8% 511,647 4,093,174 125,215,542 16.1% $ 218,989 94 64.8% S9832 3,630,698 15% 544,605 4,356,838 129,572,380 16.6% $ 233,095 95 65.5% S9372 9,618,000 6% 577,080 4,616,640 134,189,020 17.2% $ 246,995 96 66.2% S6812 845,000 69% 583,050 4,664,400 138,853,420 17.8% $ 249,550 97 66.9% S9223 4,859,520 12% 583,142 4,665,139 143,518,559 18.4% $ 249,590 98 67.6% S2136 9,765,661 6% 585,940 4,687,517 148,206,076 19.0% $ 250,787 99 68.3% S7387 1,767,350 34% 600,899 4,807,192 153,013,268 19.6% $ 257,190 100 69.0% S5510 693,000 87% 602,910 4,823,280 157,836,548 20.3% $ 258,050 101 69.7% S5003 4,350,840 14% 609,118 4,872,941 162,709,489 20.9% $ 260,707 102 70.3% S2798 4,502,249 14% 630,315 5,042,519 167,752,008 21.5% $ 269,780 103 71.0% S5467 5,852,600 11% 643,786 5,150,288 172,902,296 22.2% $ 275,546 104 71.7% S4436 5,444,820 12% 653,378 5,227,027 178,129,323 22.9% $ 279,651 105 72.4% S1515 672,543 100% 672,543 5,380,344 183,509,667 23.5% $ 287,854 106 73.1% S3334 16,880,551 4% 675,222 5,401,776 188,911,444 24.2% $ 289,000 107 73.8% S8052 3,602,874 19% 684,546 5,476,368 194,387,812 24.9% $ 292,991 108 74.5% S8942 11,463,000 6% 687,780 5,502,240 199,890,052 25.6% $ 294,375 109 75.2% S1200 4,129,424 17% 702,002 5,616,017 205,506,069 26.4% $ 300,462 110 75.9% S3895 11,704,000 6% 702,240 5,617,920 211,123,989 27.1% $ 300,564 111 76.6% S4261 3,364,400 23% 773,812 6,190,496 217,314,485 27.9% $ 331,198 112 77.2% S6893 5,223,696 15% 783,554 6,268,435 223,582,920 28.7% $ 335,367 113 77.9% S2494 13,476,190 6% 808,571 6,468,571 230,051,491 29.5% $ 346,075 114 78.6% S6385 4,414,132 19% 838,685 6,709,481 236,760,972 30.4% $ 358,964 115 79.3% S1351 5,700,786 15% 855,118 6,840,943 243,601,915 31.3% $ 365,997 116 80.0% S9044 22,010,000 4% 880,400 7,043,200 250,645,115 32.2% $ 376,818 117 80.7% S9279 9,902,160 9% 891,194 7,129,555 257,774,670 33.1% $ 381,438 A B C D E F ( D x E) G ( F/ weight) H I J ( G x price)

Laundry facility count Cumltv % of sample Survey blind ID Total annual all items laundered ( pounds) % of annual items which are reusable wipes* Annual reusable wipes laundered ( pounds) Annual reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumulative reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumltv % annual wipes 2001 implied annual wipes revenues*** per laundry 116 118 81.4% S3354 30,383,488 3% 911,505 7,292,037 265,066,707 34.0% $ 390,131 119 82.1% S8535 3,789,160 26% 985,182 7,881,453 272,948,160 35.0% $ 421,666 120 82.8% S3316 8,985,987 11% 988,459 7,907,669 280,855,829 36.0% $ 423,068 121 83.4% S5555 12,580,735 8% 1,006,459 8,051,670 288,907,499 37.1% $ 430,772 122 84.1% S7782 1,534,595 68% 1,043,525 8,348,197 297,255,696 38.1% $ 446,637 123 84.8% S8371 7,153,000 15% 1,072,950 8,583,600 305,839,296 39.2% $ 459,231 124 85.5% S8987 6,914,960 16% 1,106,394 8,851,149 314,690,445 40.4% $ 473,545 125 86.2% S2381 10,245,664 11% 1,127,023 9,016,184 323,706,629 41.5% $ 482,375 126 86.9% S5433 10,341,760 11% 1,137,594 9,100,749 332,807,378 42.7% $ 486,899 127 87.6% S3803 11,581,224 10% 1,158,122 9,264,979 342,072,357 43.9% $ 495,686 128 88.3% S3233 7,529,300 17% 1,279,981 10,239,848 352,312,205 45.2% $ 547,842 129 89.0% S6747 26,150,797 5% 1,307,540 10,460,319 362,772,524 46.5% $ 559,637 130 89.7% S4242 13,774,506 10% 1,377,451 11,019,605 373,792,128 48.0% $ 589,560 131 90.3% S1744 8,371,375 17% 1,423,134 11,385,070 385,177,198 49.4% $ 609,113 132 91.0% S1243 13,173,000 14% 1,844,220 14,753,760 399,930,958 51.3% $ 789,341 133 91.7% S8392 12,296,230 15% 1,844,435 14,755,476 414,686,434 53.2% $ 789,433 134 92.4% S2627 3,016,350 74% 2,232,099 17,856,792 432,543,226 55.5% $ 955,356 135 93.1% S9892 5,264,740 43% 2,263,838 18,110,706 450,653,932 57.8% $ 968,941 136 93.8% S1937 8,122,459 29% 2,355,513 18,844,105 469,498,037 60.2% $ 1,008,178 137 94.5% S9672 18,313,017 13% 2,380,692 19,045,538 488,543,575 62.7% $ 1,018,955 138 95.2% S8250 8,016,817 31% 2,485,213 19,881,706 508,425,281 65.2% $ 1,063,691 139 95.9% S1029 2,588,045 100% 2,588,045 20,704,360 529,129,641 67.9% $ 1,107,704 140 96.6% S9807 5,875,600 45% 2,644,020 21,152,160 550,281,801 70.6% $ 1,131,661 141 97.2% S3274 22,397,023 17% 3,807,494 30,459,951 580,741,752 74.5% $ 1,629,638 142 97.9% S1341 18,707,661 25% 4,676,915 37,415,322 618,157,074 79.3% $ 2,001,757 143 98.6% S7222 18,875,800 28% 5,285,224 42,281,792 660,438,866 84.7% $ 2,262,118 144 99.3% S3738 14,369,400 47% 6,753,618 54,028,944 714,467,810 91.7% $ 2,890,602 145 100.0% S4660 24,607,500 33% 8,120,475 64,963,800 779,431,610 100.0% $ 3,475,628 Summary Statistics: Column total = 897,274,203 97,428,951 779,431,610 $ 41,700,362 D& E, E& F correlation coefficients**** =  0.104 0.417 J& E correlation coefficient**** = 0.417 Median = 4,515,863 6% 266,856 2,134,847 $ 114,216 Pounds weighted mean = 11% Min = 229,276 1% 4,586 36,684 $ 1,963 Max = 30,383,488 100% 8,120,475 64,963,800 $ 3,475,628 Simple mean = 6,188,098 13% 671,924 5,375,390 $ 287,589 Skewness***** = 1.73 2.98 3.86 3.86 Kurtosis***** = 3.24 9.28 17.74 17.74 Explanatory Notes: A B C D E F ( D x E) G ( F/ weight) H I J ( G x price)

Laundry facility count Cumltv % of sample Survey blind ID Total annual all items laundered ( pounds) % of annual items which are reusable wipes* Annual reusable wipes laundered ( pounds) Annual reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumulative reusable wipes laundered** ( nr. wipes) Cumltv % annual wipes 2001 implied annual wipes revenues*** per laundry 117 ! Source: USEPA Office of Water, 1994 Section 308 National Survey Sample ( EPA 821 R 00 004, March 2000). ! * Reusable wipes = Shop and/ or printer towels ! ** Number wipes estimated assuming average weight per soiled ( solvent contaminated) reusable wipe ( lbs/ wipe) = 0.125 ! *** Implied annual wipes revenues per laundry estimated by multiplying wipes quantity by 2001 average price ($/ wipe) = $ 0.0535 ! Three alternative indicators of sample size ( for purpose of benchmarking sample relative to industrial laundry national universe): ( 1) Reusable wipes revenues: Estimate of industrial laundry resuable wipes national revenues in 2001 = $ 412,900,000 Survey sample subtotal revenues as percentage of 2001 national revenues = 10.1% ( 2) Laundry facility universe: National total industrial laundries handling reusable industrial wipes = 1,175 Survey sample subtotal facility count as percentage of national total = 12.3% ( 3) Reusable wipes universe: 2001 national annual total reusable industrial wipes uses = 8,476,100,000 Survey sample subtotal facility count as percentage of national total = 9.2% ( 4) Wipes containers equivalents: Number of container equivalents for above reusable wipes universe = 15,302,833 Survey sample subtotal container equivalents as percentage of universe = 9.2% ! **** Correlation coefficient: measures the strength of linear relationship between two variables ( 1 = negative; + 1 = positive; 0= none). ! ***** Skewness and kurtosis indicate data distribution shape relative to normal curve. Skewness > 0 indicates distribution shape elongated to right ( mean > median). Kurtosis > 0 indicates distribution shape is a peaked or pointed distribution. 118 119 120 Attachment Set C Industrial Cleaning/ Degreasing Solvent Data 121 CHEMICAL IDENTITY, US HAZARD STATUS, US PRICE DATA, AND US CONSUMPTION OF INDUSTRIAL CLEANING/ DEGREASING SOLVENTS A. Chemical Identity: B. US Hazard Status: C. US Average Price: D. US Consumption:

Item Solvent Chemical Name Synonyms Cas Number RCRA hazardous wastecode* ( 40 CFR 261) Toxic Air Pollutant Price data source Reference price basis 1994 99 price range Current US avg price** Current avg price standardized ($/ gal)*** X if Fxxx X if not Fxxx 1997 all solvent uses**** ( mill lbs) 1997 solvents for cleaning & degrease ( mill. lbs) X if wipes landfill disposal ineligible UAT HAP1 HAP2 Low High 1 Acetone 2 Propanone, Methyl ketone 67 64 1 F003, U002 A $/ pound $ 0.39 $ 0.42 $ 0.42 $ 3.28 X 420 187 B $/ pound $ 0.24 $ 1.87 X 2 Benzene 71 43 2 D018, F005, U019 X X X A $/ gallon $ 0.82 $ 1.55 $ 0.75 $ 0.75 X Small 0 X 3 n butanol n Butyl alcohol 71 36 3 F003, U031 A $/ pound $ 0.36 $ 0.50 $ 0.50 $ 3.90 X 18 18 4 n butyl acetate Acetic acid n butyl ester 123 86 4 A $/ pound $ 0.39 $ 0.61 $ 0.54 $ 4.21 X 186 8 B $/ metric ton $ 1,100 $ 3.89 X 5 Carbon disulfide 75 15 0 F005, P022 X X A $/ ton $ 465 $ 485 $ 485 $ 1.89 X 18 18 6 Carbon tetrachloride Tetrachloromethane 56 23 5 D019, F001, U211 X X X X 7 Small X 7 Chlorobenzene 108 90 7 D021, F002, U037 X X A $/ pound $ 0.38 $ 0.55 $ 0.55 $ 4.29 X 20 0 X 8 Chloroform Trichloromethane 67 66 3 D022, U044 X X X A $/ pound $ 0.30 $ 0.45 $ 0.40 $ 3.08 X 12 0 $/ metric ton $ 550 $ 1.95 X 9 o Cresol 95 48 7 D023, F004 X X X 2 2 X 10 Cresylic acid 1319 77 3 D026, F004, U052 X X A $/ pound $ 0.45 $ 0.80 $ 0.60 $ 4.68 X 13 2 11 Cyclohexane 110 82 7 U056 A $/ gallon $ 1.05 $ 1.44 $ 1.44 $ 1.44 X 195 0 12 Cyclohexanone Cyclohexyl ketone, Anone 108 94 1 F003, U057 B $/ pound $ 0.54 $ 4.21 X 26 0.3 13 o Dichlorobenzene 1,2 Dichlorobenzene 95 50 1 F002, U070 A $/ pound $ 0.45 $ 0.67 $ 0.67 $ 5.23 X 3 2 14 Diethylene glycol ( DEG) 111 46 6 C $/ pound $ 0.20 $ 0.23 $ 0.23 $ 1.79 X 63 Unknown 15 Dipropylene glycol ( DIG) 25265 71 8 A $/ pound $ 0.41 $ 0.69 $ 0.69 $ 5.38 X 20 0 B $/ pound $ 0.65 $ 5.07 X 16 Ethanol Ethyl alcohol 64 17 5 A $/ gallon $ 1.40 $ 3.00 $ 1.90 $ 1.90 X 1,053 55 17 Ethyl acetate 141 78 6 F003, U112 A $/ pound $ 0.37 $ 0.59 $ 0.59 $ 4.60 X 254 38 B $/ pound $ 0.47 $ 3.67 X 18 Ethylbenzene 100 41 4 F003 A $/ pound $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 0.25 $ 1.95 X Small Small 19 Ethyl ether 60 29 7 F003, U117 X 6 0 20 Isobutanol 2 methyl 1 proponal, isobutyl alchohol 78 83 1 F005, U140 B $/ metric ton $ 760 $ 2.69 X 125 0 21 Isobutyl acetate 110 19 0 C $/ pound $ 0.59 $ 4.60 X 69 0 22 Isopropanol Isopropyl alcohol, 2 propanol 67 63 0 A $/ pound $ 0.20 $ 0.34 $ 0.34 $ 2.65 X 553 11 B $/ metric ton $ 947 $ 3.35 X 23 Isopropyl acetate 108 21 4 C $/ pound $ 0.61 $ 4.76 X 58 5 24 Methanol Methyl alcohol 67 56 1 F003, U154 X X A $/ gallon $ 0.28 $ 1.55 $ 1.55 $ 1.55 X 827 143 B $/ metric ton $ 425 $ 1.50 X 25 Methyl acetate 79 20 9 X 710 0 26 Methyl chloride Chloromethane 74 87 3 U045 X X A $/ pound $ 0.28 $ 0.39 $ 0.39 $ 3.00 X 7 0 27 Methyl ethyl ketone ( MEK) 2 Butanone 78 93 3 D035, F005, U159 X X A $/ pound $ 0.24 $ 0.46 $ 0.46 $ 3.59 X 155 24 X B $/ pound $ 0.43 $ 3.35 X 28 Methyl isobutyl ketone ( MIBK) 4 methyl 2 pentanone, Hexone 108 10 1 F003, U161 X X A $/ pound $ 0.35 $ 0.63 $ 0.63 $ 4.91 X 122 2 B $/ pound $ 0.57 $ 4.45 X 29 Methylene chloride Dichloromethane 75 09 2 F001, F002, U080 X X A $/ pound $ 0.40 $ 0.43 $ 0.42 $ 3.28 X 266 20 X B $/ pound $ 0.27 $ 2.11 X 30 Monoethylene glycol ( MEG) Ethylene glycol 107 21 1 C $/ pound $ 0.15 $ 0.26 $ 0.26 $ 2.03 X 29 0 31 Naphtha Petroleum solvent; mineral spirits 8030 30 6 X 4,908 982 32 Nitrobenzene 98 95 3 D036, F004, U169 X X A $/ pound $ 0.30 $ 0.34 $ 0.34 $ 2.65 X 14 0 X 33 2 Nitropropane 79 46 9 F005, U171 X X X Unknown Unknown X 34 n propyl acetate 109 60 4 C $/ pound $ 0.65 $ 5.07 X 61 0 35 Pyridine 110 86 1 D038, F005, U196 X 2 0 X 36 Toluene 108 88 3 F005, U220 X X A $/ gallon $ 0.66 $ 1.26 $ 1.11 $ 1.11 X 872 131 37 Perchloroethylene ( PERC) Tetrachloroethylene 127 18 4 D039, F001, F002, U210 X X X A $/ pound $ 0.32 $ 0.35 $ 0.35 $ 2.73 X 300 45 X B $/ metric ton $ 590 $ 2.09 X 38 1,1,1 Trichloroethane ( TCA) Methyl chloroform 71 55 6 F001, F002, U226 B $/ metric ton $ 1,750 $ 6.19 X 209 0 39 Trichloroethylene ( TCE) 79 01 6 D040, F001, F002, U228 X X X A $/ pound $ 0.60 $ 0.65 $ 0.60 $ 4.68 X 178 100 X B $/ pound $ 0.38 $ 2.96 X 40 1,1,2 Trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane CFC 113 76 13 1 F002 X 11 11 41 Triethylene glycol ( TEG) 112 27 6 B $/ metric ton $ 940 $ 3.33 X 12 Unknown 42 Turpentine Gum or wood turpentine 9005 90 7 B $/ metric ton $ 555 $ 1.96 X 243 Unknown 43 Xylene ( mixed isomers o, m, p) Dimethylbenzene 1330 20 7 F003, U239 X X B $/ metric ton $ 495 $ 1.75 X 617 0 A. Chemical Identity: B. US Hazard Status: C. US Average Price: D. US Consumption:

Item Solvent Chemical Name Synonyms Cas Number RCRA hazardous wastecode* ( 40 CFR 261) Toxic Air Pollutant Price data source Reference price basis 1994 99 price range Current US avg price** Current avg price standardized ($/ gal)*** X if Fxxx X if not Fxxx 1997 all solvent uses**** ( mill lbs) 1997 solvents for cleaning & degrease ( mill. lbs) X if wipes landfill disposal ineligible UAT HAP1 HAP2 Low High 122 Price Data Summary: Count = 5 18 18 Count = 47 29 18 35 21 11 Min = $ 0.75 $ 0.75 $ 1.44 $ 0.75 Max = $ 6.19 $ 6.19 $ 5.38 $ 4.68 Std. dev = $ 1.34 $ 1.38 $ 1.31 $ 1.29 Midpoint = $ 3.47 $ 3.47 $ 3.41 $ 2.72 Mean = $ 3.22 $ 3.17 $ 3.30 $ 3.14 Median = $ 3.28 % of cleaning/ degreasing> 11%

Skewness***** = 0.17 Total mill. lbs = 12,664.4 1,804.0 191.0 Kurtosis***** =  1.00 Mill. tons eqvlnt = 6.332 0.902 0.096 Gallons equivalent *** ( millions) = 1,623.6 231.3 24.5 Explanatory Notes: ! The chemicals listed above do not represent all chemicals used historically, currently, or in the future as solvents; there are at least 180 chemicals used as common industrial solvents ( source: Kirk Othmer " Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., Vol. 22: " Solvents, Industrial" Table 2, 1998; http:// www. wiley. co. uk/ products/ subject/ reference/ kirk_ index. html). ! * RCRA wastecodes shown only as pertaining to chemicals in solvent applications; these chemicals may have other RCRA wastecodes associated with other industrial applications and sources. ! ** " Current" price represents year 1999 or 2000 price ( if data Source A), or April 2001 price ( if data Source B). ! *** $/ pound and $/ ton prices standardized to $/ gallon common units, by applying an average pounds per gallon solvent specific gravity conversion factor = 7.8 ! Price data sources: Source A = http:// www. chemexpo. com Source B = http:// www. allchem. com/ products/ price. html Source C = http:// ceh. sric. sri. com ! UAT = urban air toxic ( http:// www. epa. gov/ ttn/ atw/ urban/ list33. html). ! HAP = hazardous air pollutant ( HAP1= 1990 original Clean Air Act listing http:// www. epa. gov/ ttn/ atw/ orig189. html; HAP2= EPA 2001 revised listing http:// www. epa. gov/ ttn/ atw/ 188polls. html) ! **** Consumption data source: Stanford Research Institute ( SRI) " Chemical Economics Handbook" ( http:// ceh. sric. sri. com); other solvent uses include chemical production solvents and coatings/ adhesives carrier solvents. ! **** Skewness ( horizontal elongation in one direction) and kurtosis ( vertical peakedness) are two complementary measures of the relative " normal" or " bell" shape of the numerical distributions implied by the price data in this table; normal distributions ( i. e. bell shaped curves) have skew = 0 and kurtosis = 0, and are symmetrical about the mean. 123 124 CONSUMPTION OF INDUSTRIAL SOLVENT CHEMICALS FOR CLEANING/ DEGREASING OPERATIONS IN THE US ECONOMY ( 1997*)

Item CAS Nr. Industrial Solvent ( chemical name) All solvent uses** ( mill lbs) Cleaning degreasing solvents*** ( mill. lbs) X if wipes landfill disposal ineligible Cumulative % RCRA haz waste status ( 40 CFR 261)****

40 CFR 268.48 RCRA haz waste non wastewater UTS ( ppm)***** Waste as containedin constituent Waste as used solvents Waste as discarded spilled solvent 1 8030 30 6 Naphtha 4,908 982 54.4% No numerical UTS 2 67 64 1 Acetone 420 187 64.8% F003 160 3 67 56 1 Methanol 827 143 72.7% F003 0.75 TCLP 4 108 88 3 Toluene 872 131 80.0% F005 U220 10 5 79 01 6 Trichloroethylene ( TCE) 178 100 X 85.5% D040 F001, F002 U228 6 6 64 17 5 Ethanol 1,053 55 88.6% No numerical UTS 7 127 18 4 Perchloroethylene ( PERC) 300 45 X 91.1% D039 F001, F002 U210 6 8 141 78 6 Ethyl acetate 254 38 93.2% F003 33 9 78 93 3 Methyl ethyl ketone ( MEK) 155 24 X 94.5% D035 F005 U159 36 10 75 09 2 Methylene chloride 266 20 X 95.6% F001, F002 U080 30 11 71 36 3 n butanol 18 18 96.6% F003 2.6 12 75 15 0 Carbon disulfide 18 18 97.6% F005 P022 4.8 TCLP 13 67 63 0 Isopropanol 553 11 98.2% No numerical UTS 14 76 13 1 1,1,2 Trichloro 1,2,2 trifluoroethane 11 11 98.8% F001, F002 30 15 123 86 4 n butyl acetate 186 8 99.3% No numerical UTS 16 108 21 4 Isopropyl acetate 58 5 99.5% No numerical UTS 17 108 10 1 Methyl isobutyl ketone ( MIBK) 122 2 99.6% F003 33 18 1319 77 3 Cresylic acid 13 2 99.8% F004 U052 No numerical UTS 19 95 50 1 o Dichlorobenzene 3 2 99.9% F002 U070 6 20 95 48 7 o Cresol 2 2 X 100.0% D023 F004 5.6 21 108 94 1 Cyclohexanone 26 0.3 100.0% F003 0.75 TCLP 22 9005 90 7 Turpentine 243 Unknown 100.0% No numerical UTS 23 111 46 6 Diethylene glycol ( DEG) 63 Unknown 100.0% No numerical UTS 24 112 27 6 Triethylene glycol ( TEG) 12 Unknown 100.0% No numerical UTS 25 56 23 5 Carbon tetrachloride 7 Small X 100.0% D019 F001 U211 6 26 100 41 4 Ethylbenzene Small Small 100.0% F003 10 27 79 20 9 Methyl acetate 710 0 No numerical UTS 28 1330 20 7 Xylene ( mixed isomers o, m, p) 617 0 F003 30 29 71 55 6 1,1,1 Trichloroethane ( TCA) 209 0 F001, F002 U227 6 30 110 82 7 Cyclohexane 195 0 No numerical UTS 31 78 83 1 Isobutanol 125 0 F005 U140 170 32 110 19 0 Isobutyl acetate 69 0 No numerical UTS 33 109 60 4 n propyl acetate 61 0 No numerical UTS 34 107 21 1 Monoethylene glycol ( MEG) 29 0 No numerical UTS 35 25265 71 8 Dipropylene glycol ( DIG) 20 0 No numerical UTS 36 108 90 7 Chlorobenzene 20 0 X D021 F002 U037 6 37 98 95 3 Nitrobenzene 14 0 X D036 F004 U169 14 38 67 66 3 Chloroform 12 0 D022 U044 6 39 74 87 3 Methyl chloride 7 0 U045 No numerical UTS 40 60 29 7 Ethyl ether 6 0 F003 160 Item CAS Nr. Industrial Solvent ( chemical name) All solvent uses** ( mill lbs) Cleaning degreasing solvents*** ( mill. lbs) X if wipes landfill disposal ineligible Cumulative % RCRA haz waste status ( 40 CFR 261)****

40 CFR 268.48 RCRA haz waste non wastewater UTS ( ppm)***** Waste as containedin constituent Waste as used solvents Waste as discarded spilled solvent 125 41 110 86 1 Pyridine 2 0 X D038 F005 U196 16 42 71 43 2 Benzene Small 0 X D018 F005 U019 10 43 79 46 9 2 Nitropropane Unknown Unknown X F005 U171 No numerical UTS Column Summaries: Count = 43 11 Ineligible 10 27 18 Million pounds = 12,664.4 1,804.0 191.0 11% 690.0 4,485.0 2,201.0 Million tons equivalent = 6.332 0.902 0.096 % of 0.345 2.243 1.101 Million gallons equivalent = 1,623.6 231.3 24.5 cleaning 88.5 575.0 282.2 Percentage of all solvents use annual quantity ( w/ data) = 100% 14% 2% solvents 5% 35% 17%

Explanatory Notes:

! * Source: Stanford Research Institute ( SRI) " Chemical Economics Handbook" ( http:// ceh. sric. sri. com). This list of chemicals used as solvents does not represent all such chemicals, only those solvents with SRI CEH data. The US produced at least 54,089 million pounds ( 27.044 million tons) of 43 solvents in 1991 ( Kirk Othmer, " Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc., Vol. 22: " Solvents, Industrial" Table 5, 1998; http:// www. wiley. co. uk/ products/ subject/ reference/ kirk_ index. html). ! ** " All solvent use" quantities do not include other possible chemical uses, such as feedstocks for chemical manufacturing.

! *** Cleaning/ degreasing quantities include other cleaning/ degreasing applications, in addition to industrial wipes.

! **** RCRA hazardous waste status according to whether a chemical is the basis for a hazardous waste " toxicity characteristic" ( D004 to D043) or a " listed" hazardous waste ( Fxxx, Kxxx, Pxxx acutely hazardous, Uxxx); in addition, hazardous wastes may be ignitable ( D001), corrosive ( D002), or reactive ( D003); see 40 CFR 261 Subpart C and Subpart D for definitions of RCRA hazardous waste codes. F001 to F005 pertain to spent solvents.  Dxxx wastecodes pertain generically to all types of economic uses, processes, and products, unless otherwise exempt/ excluded from RCRA waste regulation. A chemical in pure form may be ignitable ( e. g. naptha), corrosive, or reactive, but it's the entire waste matrix which determines whether a waste is D001, D002, D003.  F001 to F005 wastecodes pertain to spent solvents used in degreasing and other solvent applications.

 Pxxx and Uxxx wastecodes pertain to these solvents when discarded or off specification commercial products, or in container or spill residues. ! ***** UTS = " Universal Treatment Standards"; all hazardous constituents in a RCRA listed waste ( or waste treatment residue) must be at or below the values found in the RCRA treatment standards of 40 CFR 268 Subpart D. ! TCLP = " Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure" chemical concentration analysis method ( see 40 CFR 261.24). 126 Other Industrial Solvent Uses 86% Industrial Cleaning/ Degreasing* 14%