324. Section 1051.801 is revised to read as follows: § 1051.801 What definitions apply to this part? The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the meaning the Act gives to them. The definitions follow: Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U. S. C. 7401  7671q. Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust ( including those which are difficult to access) and that, if adjusted, may affect emissions or engine 182 performance during emission testing or normal in use operation. This includes, but is not limited to, parameters related to injection timing and fueling rate. You may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading engine performance, or if you otherwise show us that it will not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in use operation. Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream of the exhaust valve ( or exhaust port) whose design function is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment. Exhaust gas recirculation ( EGR) and turbochargers are not aftertreatment. All terrain vehicle means a land based or amphibious nonroad vehicle that meets the criteria listed in paragraph ( 1) of this definition; or, alternatively the criteria of paragraph ( 2) of this definition but not the criteria of paragraph ( 3) of this definition: ( 1) Vehicles designed to travel on four low pressure tires, having a seat designed to be straddled by the operator and handlebars for steering controls, and intended for use by a single operator and no other passengers are all terrain vehicles. ( 2) Other all terrain vehicles have three or more wheels and one or more seats, are designed for operation over rough terrain, are intended primarily for transportation, and have a maximum vehicle speed of 25 miles per hour or higher. Golf carts generally do not meet these criteria since they are generally not designed for operation over rough terrain. ( 3) Vehicles that meet the definition of " offroad utility vehicle" in this section are not all terrain vehicles. However, § 1051.1( a) specifies that some offroad utility vehicles are required to meet the same requirements as all terrain vehicles. Amphibious vehicle means a vehicle with wheels or tracks that is designed primarily for operation on land and secondarily for operation in water. Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system. Brake power means the usable power output of the engine, not including power required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices. Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific to a particular design, version, or application of a component or assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range. Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the emission standards and requirements in this part. Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission level in an engine family for a given pollutant from either transient or steady state testing. Compression ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating, internal combustion engine that is not a spark ignition engine. Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft and other related internal parts. Critical emission related component means any of the following components: 183 ( 1) Electronic control units, aftertreatment devices, fuel metering components, EGR system components, crankcase ventilation valves, all components related to charge air compression and cooling, and all sensors and actuators associated with any of these components. ( 2) Any other component whose primary purpose is to reduce emissions. Designated Compliance Officer means the Manager, Engine Programs Group ( 6405 J), U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. Designated Enforcement Officer means the Director, Air Enforcement Division ( 2242A), U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460. Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official emission result of the emission data vehicle. Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low hour test point, expressed in one of the following ways: ( 1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of emissions at the end of useful life to emissions at the low hour test point. ( 2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between emissions at the end of useful life and emissions at the low hour test point. Emission control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the regulated emissions from an engine. Emission data vehicle means a vehicle or engine that is tested for certification. This includes vehicles or engines tested to establish deterioration factors. Emission related maintenance means maintenance that substantially affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission deterioration. Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware and calibration within an engine family. Engines within a single engine configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability. Engine family has the meaning given in § 1051.230. Evaporative means relating to fuel emissions that result from permeation of fuel through the fuel system materials and from ventilation of the fuel system. Excluded means relating to an engine that either: ( 1) Has been determined not to be a nonroad engine, as specified in 40 CFR 1068.30; or ( 2) Is a nonroad engine that is excluded from this part 1051 under the provisions of § 1051.5. Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. Exhaust gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion chamber( s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber( s) that is mixed with incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust gas recirculation for the purposes of this part. Family emission limit ( FEL) means an emission level declared by the manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part. The family emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard it replaces. The family emission limit serves as the emission standard for the engine family with respect to all required testing. Fuel line means all hoses or tubing designed to contain liquid fuel or fuel vapor. This includes all hoses or tubing for the filler neck, for connections between dual fuel tanks, and for connecting 184 a carbon canister to the fuel tank. This does not include hoses or tubing for routing crankcase vapors to the engine's intake or any other hoses or tubing that are open to the atmosphere. Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering, and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber( s), including the fuel tank, fuel tank cap, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel lines, carburetor or fuel injection components, and all fuel system vents. In the case where the fuel tank cap or other components ( excluding fuel lines) are directly mounted on the fuel tank, they are considered to be a part of the fuel tank. Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, such as winter grade and all season gasoline. Good engineering judgment means judgments made consistent with generally accepted scientific and engineering principles and all available relevant information. See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment. Hydrocarbon ( HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission standards are based for each fuel type. For alcohol fueled engines, HC means total hydrocarbon equivalent ( THCE). For all other engines, HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon ( NMHC). Identification number means a unique specification ( for example, a model number/ serial number combination) that allows someone to distinguish a particular vehicle or engine from other similar engines. Low hour means relating to an engine with stabilized emissions and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally involve less than 24 hours or 240 kilometers of operation. Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216( 1) of the Act. In general, this term includes any person who manufactures a vehicle or engine for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new vehicle or engine into commerce in the United States. This includes importers that import vehicles or engines for resale. Maximum engine power has the meaning given in 40 CFR 90.3. Maximum test power means the maximum brake power of an engine at test conditions. Maximum test speed has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. Maximum test torque has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. Model year means one of the following things: ( 1) For freshly manufactured vehicles ( see definition of " new," paragraph ( 1)), model year means one of the following: ( i) Calendar year. ( ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is named. It may not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named calendar year. ( 2) For an engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine that is later intended to be used in a vehicle subject to the standards and requirements of this part 1051, model year means the calendar year in which the engine was originally produced ( see definition of " new," paragraph ( 2)). ( 3) For a nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in an application covered by 40 CFR part 90, 91, or 1048, where that engine is installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1051, model year means the calendar year in which the engine was originally produced ( see definition of " new ," paragraph ( 3)). 185 ( 4) For engines that are not freshly manufactured but are installed in new recreational vehicles, model year means the calendar year in which the engine is installed in the recreational vehicle ( see definition of " new," paragraph ( 4)). ( 5) For imported engines: ( i) For imported engines described in paragraph ( 5)( i) of the definition of " new," model year has the meaning given in paragraphs ( 1) through ( 4) of this definition. ( ii) For imported engines described in paragraph ( 5)( ii) of the definition of " new," model year means the calendar year in which the vehicle is modified. Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703( a). New means relating to any of the following things: ( 1) A freshly manufactured vehicle for which the ultimate purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title. This kind of vehicle might commonly be thought of as " brand new." In the case of this paragraph ( 1), the vehicle becomes new when it is fully assembled for the first time. The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is placed into service, whichever comes first. ( 2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine that is later intended to be used in a vehicle subject to the standards and requirements of this part 1051. In this case, the engine is no longer a motor vehicle or stationary engine and becomes new. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into service as a recreational vehicle covered by this part 1051. ( 3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in an application covered by 40 CFR part 90, 91, or 1048, where that engine is installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1051. The engine is no longer new when it is placed into service in a recreational vehicle covered by this part 1051. For example, this would apply to a marine propulsion engine that is no longer used in a marine vessel. ( 4) An engine not covered by paragraphs ( 1) through ( 3) of this definition that is intended to be installed in a new vehicle covered by this part 1051. The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for the vehicle or it is placed into service, whichever comes first. This generally includes installation of used engines in new recreational vehicles. ( 5) An imported vehicle or engine, subject to the following provisions: ( i) An imported recreational vehicle or recreational vehicle engine covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more of paragraphs ( 1) through ( 4) of this definition, where the original manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those applicable paragraphs. ( ii) An imported recreational vehicle or recreational vehicle engine covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the original manufacturer holds the certificate ( such as when the engine is modified after its initial assembly), becomes new when it is imported. It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for the vehicle or engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes first. ( iii) An imported recreational vehicle or recreational vehicle engine that is not covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of importation is new, but only if it was produced on or after the 2007 model year. This addresses uncertified engines and equipment initially placed into service that someone seeks to import into the United States. Importation of this kind of new nonroad engine ( or equipment containing such an engine) is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068. 186 Noncompliant means relating to a vehicle that was originally covered by a certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate. Nonconforming means relating to vehicle not covered by a certificate of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards. Nonmethane hydrocarbon means the difference between the emitted mass of total hydrocarbons and the emitted mass of methane. Nonroad means relating to nonroad engines or equipment that includes nonroad engines. Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. In general this means all internalcombustion engines except motor vehicle engines, stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used in aircraft. Off highway motorcycle means a two wheeled vehicle with a nonroad engine and a seat ( excluding marine vessels and aircraft). ( Note: highway motorcycles are regulated under 40 CFR part 86.) Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an emission data vehicle on a given duty cycle before the application of any deterioration factor, but after the applicability of regeneration adjustment factors. Offroad utility vehicle means a nonroad vehicle that has four or more wheels, seating for two or more persons, is designed for operation over rough terrain, and has either a rear payload of 350 pounds or more or seating for six or more passengers. Vehicles intended primarily for recreational purposes that are not capable of transporting six passengers ( such as dune buggies) are not offroad utility vehicles. ( Note: § 1051.1( a) specifies that some offroad utility vehicles are required to meet the requirements that apply for all terrain vehicles.) Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared by the engine manufacturer for the owner or operator to describe appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other information related to operating or keeping the engine. The owners manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of sale. Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 1065.1001. Phase 1 means relating to Phase 1 standards of § § 1051.103, 1051.105, or 1051.107, or other Phase 1 standards specified in subpart B of this part. Phase 2 means relating to Phase 2 standards of § 1051.103, or other Phase 2 standards specified in subpart B of this part. Phase 3 means relating to Phase 3 standards of § 1051.103, or other Phase 3 standards specified in subpart B of this part. Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended purpose. Point of first retail sale means the location at which the initial retail sale occurs. This generally means an equipment dealership, but may also include an engine seller or distributor in cases where loose engines are sold to the general public for uses such as replacement engines. Recreational means, for purposes of this part, relating to snowmobiles, all terrain vehicles, off highway motorcycles, and other vehicles that we regulate under this part. Note that 40 CFR part 90 applies to engines used in other recreational vehicles. Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001, unless otherwise specified. Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing, disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically to keep a part or system from failing, 187 malfunctioning, or wearing prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate. Small volume manufacturer means one of the following: ( 1) For motorcycles and ATVs, a manufacturer that sold motorcycles or ATVs before 2003 and had annual U. S. directed production of no more than 5,000 off road motorcycles and ATVs ( combined number) in 2002 and all earlier calendar years. For manufacturers owned by a parent company, the limit applies to the production of the parent company and all of its subsidiaries. ( 2) For snowmobiles, a manufacturer that sold snowmobiles before 2003 and had annual U. S. directed production of no more than 300 snowmobiles in 2002 and all earlier model years. For manufacturers owned by a parent company, the limit applies to the production of the parent company and all of its subsidiaries. ( 3) A manufacturer that we designate to be a small volume manufacturer under § 1051.635. Snowmobile means a vehicle designed to operate outdoors only over snow covered ground, with a maximum width of 1.5 meters or less. Spark ignition means relating to a gasoline fueled engine or any other type of engine with a spark plug ( or other sparking device) and with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle. Spark ignition engines usually use a throttle to regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation. Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. Test vehicle or engine means an engine in a test sample. Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include testing for certification, production line testing, or in use testing. Total hydrocarbon means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a hydrocarbon with a hydrogen to carbon mass ratio of 1.85: 1. Total hydrocarbon equivalent means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum fueled engines. The hydrogen to carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85: 1. Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine, the first person who in good faith purchases such new nonroad equipment or new nonroad engine for purposes other than resale. Ultraviolet light means electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 300 and 400 nanometers. United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after the one currently in production. U. S. directed production volume means the number of vehicle units, subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States. This includes vehicles for which the location of first retail sale is in a state that has applicable state emission regulations for that model year, unless we specify otherwise. 188 Useful life means the period during which a vehicle is required to comply with all applicable emission standards, specified as a given number of calendar years and kilometers ( whichever comes first). In some cases, useful life is also limited by a given number of hours of engine operation. If an engine has no odometer ( or hour meter), the specified number of kilometers ( or hours) does not limit the period during which an in use vehicle is required to comply with emission standards, unless the degree of service accumulation can be verified separately. The useful life for an engine family must be at least as long as both of the following: ( 1) The expected average service life before the vehicle is remanufactured or retired from service. ( 2) The minimum useful life value. Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30. We ( us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and any authorized representatives. Wide open throttle means maximum throttle opening. Unless this is specified at a given speed, it refers to maximum throttle opening at maximum speed. For electronically controlled or other engines with multiple possible fueling rates, wide open throttle also means the maximum fueling rate at maximum throttle opening under test conditions.

325. Section 1051.805 is amended by adding " CFR", " HC", and " NARA" to the table in alphabetical order to read as follows: § 1051.805 What symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations does this part use? The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this part: * * * * * * * CFR Code of Federal Regulations. * * * * * * * HC hydrocarbon. * * * * * * * NARA National Archives and Records Administration. * * * * * * *

326. Section 1051.810 is revised to read as follows: § 1051.810 What materials does this part reference? Documents listed in this section have been incorporated by reference into this part. The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference as prescribed in 5 U. S. C. 552( a) and 1 CFR part 51. Anyone may inspect copies at the U. S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460 or at the National Archives and Records Administration ( NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202 741 6030, or go to: http:// www. archives. gov/ federal_ register/ code_ of_ federal_ regulations/ ibr_ locations. html. ( a) ASTM material. Table 1 of this section lists material from the American Society for Testing and Materials that we have incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 189 Barr Harbor Dr., P. O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428 or www. astm. com. Table 1 follows:

Table 1 of § 1051.810   ASTM Materials Document number and name Part 1051 reference ASTM D471 98, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property   Effect of Liquids. 1051.501 ASTM D814 95 ( reapproved 2000), Standard Test Method for Rubber Property   Vapor Transmission of Volatile Liquids. 1051.245 ( b) SAE material. Table 2 of this section lists material from the Society of Automotive Engineering that we have incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second column lists the sections of this part where we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or www. sae. org. Table 2 follows:

Table 2 of § 1051.810   SAE Materials Document number and name Part 1051 reference SAE J30, Fuel and Oil Hoses, June 1998. 1051.245, 1051.501 SAE J1930, Electrical/ Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms, May 1998. 1051.135 SAE J2260, Nonmetallic Fuel System Tubing with One or More Layers, November 1996. 1051.245 327. Section 1051.815 is revised to read as follows: § 1051.815 What provisions apply to confidential information? ( a) Clearly show what you consider confidential by marking, circling, bracketing, stamping, or some other method. ( b) We will store your confidential information as described in 40 CFR part 2. Also, we will disclose it only as specified in 40 CFR part 2. This applies both to any information you send us and to any information we collect from inspections, audits, or other site visits. ( c) If you send us a second copy without the confidential information, we will assume it contains nothing confidential whenever we need to release information from it. ( d) If you send us information without claiming it is confidential, we may make it available to the public without further notice to you, as described in 40 CFR 2.204.

328. Section 1051.820 is revised to read as follows: § 1051.820 How do I request a hearing? 190 ( a) You may request a hearing under certain circumstances, as described elsewhere in this part. To do this, you must file a written request, including a description of your objection and any supporting data, within 30 days after we make a decision. ( b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we will approve your request if we find that your request raises a substantial factual issue. ( c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.

329. Part 1065 is revised to read as follows:

Part 1065   ENGINE TESTING PROCEDURES Subpart A   Applicability and General Provisions Sec. 1065.1 Applicability.

1065.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part.

1065.5 Overview of this part 1065 and its relationship to the standard setting part.

1065.10 Other procedures.

1065.12 Approval of alternate procedures.

1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.

1065.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.

1065.25 Recordkeeping.

Subpart B   Equipment Specifications 1065.101 Overview.

1065.110 Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand.

1065.120 Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure.

1065.122 Engine cooling and lubrication.

1065.125 Engine intake air. 191 1065.127 Exhaust gas recirculation.

1065.130 Engine exhaust.

1065.140 Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

1065.145 Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system components.

1065.150 Continuous sampling.

1065.170 Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.

1065.190 PM stabilization and weighing environments for gravimetric analysis.

1065.195 PM stabilization environment for in situ analyzers.

Subpart C   Measurement Instruments 1065.201 Overview and general provisions.

1065.202 Data updating, recording, and control.

1065.205 Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

MEASUREMENT OF ENGINE PARAMETERS AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS 1065.210 Work input and output sensors.

1065.215 Pressure transducers, temperature sensors, and dewpoint sensors.

FLOW RELATED MEASUREMENTS 1065.220 Fuel flow meter.

1065.225 Intake air flow meter.

1065.230 Raw exhaust flow meter.

1065.240 Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters.

1065.245 Sample flow meter for batch sampling.

1065.248 Gas divider. 192 CO AND CO 2 MEASUREMENTS 1065.250 Nondispersive infra red analyzer.

HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS 1065.260 Flame ionization detector.

1065.265 Nonmethane cutter.

1065.267 Gas chromatograph.

NO X MEASUREMENTS 1065.270 Chemiluminescent detector.

1065.272 Nondispersive ultraviolet analyzer.

O 2 MEASUREMENTS 1065.280 Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O 2 detection analyzers.

AIR TO FUEL RATIO MEASUREMENTS 1065.284 Zirconia ( ZrO 2) analyzer.

1065.290 PM gravimetric balance.

1065.295 PM inertial balance for field testing analysis.

Subpart D   Calibrations and Verifications 1065.301 Overview and general provisions.

1065.303 Summary of required calibration and verifications 1065.305 Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise.

1065.307 Linearity verification.

1065.309 Continuous gas analyzer uniform response verification.

MEASUREMENT OF ENGINE PARAMETERS AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS 193 1065.310 Torque calibration.

1065.315 Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration.

FLOW RELATED MEASUREMENTS 1065.320 Fuel flow calibration.

1065.325 Intake flow calibration.

1065.330 Exhaust flow calibration.

1065.340 Diluted exhaust flow ( CVS) calibration.

1065.341 CVS and batch sampler verification ( propane check).

1065.345 Vacuum side leak verification.

CO AND CO 2 MEASUREMENTS 1065.350 H 2 O interference verification for CO 2 NDIR analyzers.

1065.355 H 2 O and CO 2 interference verification for CO NDIR analyzers.

HYDROCARBON MEASUREMENTS 1065.360 FID optimization and verification.

1065.362 Non stoichiometric raw exhaust FID O 2 interference verification.

1065.365 Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions.

NO x MEASUREMENTS 1065.370 CLD CO 2 and H 2 O quench verification.

1065.372 NDUV analyzer HC and H 2 O interference verification.

1065.376 Chiller NO 2 penetration.

1065.378 NO 2 to NO converter conversion verification.

PM MEASUREMENTS 194 1065.390 PM balance verifications and weighing process verification.

1065.395 Inertial PM balance verifications.

Subpart E   Engine Selection, Preparation, and Maintenance 1065.401 Test engine selection.

1065.405 Test engine preparation and maintenance.

1065.410 Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.

1065.415 Durability demonstration.

Subpart F   Performing an Emission Test in the Laboratory 1065.501 Overview.

1065.510 Engine mapping.

1065.512 Duty cycle generation.

1065.514 Cycle validation criteria.

1065.520 Pre test verification procedures and pre test data collection.

1065.525 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown.

1065.530 Emission test sequence.

1065.545 Validation of proportional flow control for batch sampling.

1065.550 Gas analyzer range validation, drift validation, and drift correction.

1065.590 PM sample preconditioning and tare weighing.

1065.595 PM sample post conditioning and total weighing.

Subpart G   Calculations and Data Requirements 1065.601 Overview. 195 1065.602 Statistics.

1065.605 Field test system overall performance verification.

1065.610 Test cycle generation.

1065.630 1980 international gravity formula.

1065.640 PDP and venturi ( SSV and CFV) calibration calculations.

1065.642 SSV, CFV, and PDP flow rate calculations.

1065.645 Amount of water in an ideal gas.

1065.650 Emission calculations.

1065.655 Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust.

1065.657 Drift validation and correction.

1065.658 Noise correction.

1065.659 Removed water correction.

1065.660 THC and NMHC determination.

1065.665 THCE and NMHCE determination.

1065.667 Dilution air background emission correction.

1065.670 NO x intake air humidity correction.

1065.672 CLD quench verification calculations.

1065.690 PM sample media buoyancy correction.

1065.695 Data requirements.

Subpart H   Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other Calibration Standards 1065.701 General requirements for test fuels.

1065.703 Distillate diesel fuel. 196 1065.705 Residual fuel. [ Reserved]

1065.710 Gasoline.

1065.715 Natural gas.

1065.720 Liquefied petroleum gas.

1065.740 Lubricants.

1065.745 Coolants.

1065.750 Analytical Gases.

1065.790 Mass standards.

Subpart I   Testing with Oxygenated Fuels 1065.801 Applicability.

1065.805 Sampling system.

1065.845 Response factor determination.

1065.850 Calculations.

Subpart J   Field Testing and Portable Emission Measurement Systems 1065.901 Applicability.

1065.905 General provisions.

1065.910 PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing.

1065.915 PEMS instruments.

1065.920 PEMS Calibrations and verifications.

1065.925 PEMS preparation for field testing.

1065.930 Engine starting, restarting, and shutdown. 197 1065.935 Emission test sequence for field testing.

1065.940 Emission calculations.

Subpart K   Definitions and Other Reference Information 1065.1001 Definitions.

1065.1005 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.

1065.1010 Reference materials.

Authority: 42 U. S. C. 7401  7671q.

Subpart A   Applicability and General Provisions § 1065.1 Applicability. ( a) This part describes the procedures that apply to testing we require for the following engines or for vehicles using the following engines: ( 1) Model year 2010 and later heavy duty highway engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 86. For earlier model years, manufacturers may use the test procedures in this part or those specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart N, according to § 1065.10. ( 2) Land based nonroad diesel engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1039. ( 3) Large nonroad spark ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part 1048. ( 4) Vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part 1051 ( such as snowmobiles and off highway motorcycles) based on engine testing. See 40 CFR part 1051, subpart F, for standards and procedures that are based on vehicle testing. ( b) The procedures of this part may apply to other types of engines, as described in this part and in the standard setting part. ( c) This part is addressed to you as a manufacturer, but it applies equally to anyone who does testing for you. ( d) Paragraph ( a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR that define emission standards and other requirements for particular types of engines. In this part, we refer to each of these other parts generically as the '' standard setting part.'' For example, 40 CFR part 1051 is always the standard setting part for snowmobiles. ( e) Unless we specify otherwise, the terms " procedures" and " test procedures" in this part include all aspects of engine testing, including the equipment specifications, calibrations, calculations, and other protocols and procedural specifications needed to measure emissions. ( f) For vehicles subject to this part and regulated under vehicle based standards, use good engineering judgment to interpret the term '' engine'' in this part to include vehicles where appropriate. ( g) For additional information regarding these test procedures, visit our Website at www. epa. gov, and in particular http:// www. epa. gov/ otaq/ testingregs. htm . 198 § 1065.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part. ( a) You are responsible for statements and information in your applications for certification, requests for approved procedures, selective enforcement audits, laboratory audits, production line test reports, field test reports, or any other statements you make to us related to this part 1065. ( b) In the standard setting part and in 40 CFR 1068.101, we describe your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the consequences of failing to meet this obligation. See also 18 U. S. C. 1001 and 42 U. S. C. 7413( c)( 2). ( c) We may void any certificates associated with a submission of information if we find that you intentionally submitted false, incomplete, or misleading information. For example, if we find that you intentionally submitted incomplete information to mislead EPA when requesting approval to use alternate test procedures, we may void the certificates for all engines families certified based on emission data collected using the alternate procedures. ( d) We may require an authorized representative of your company to approve and sign the submission, and to certify that all of the information submitted is accurate and complete. ( e) See 40 CFR 1068.10 for provisions related to confidential information. Note however that under 40 CFR 2.301, emission data is generally not eligible for confidential treatment.

§ 1065.5 Overview of this part 1065 and its relationship to the standard setting part. ( a) This part specifies procedures that apply generally to testing various categories of engines. See the standard setting part for directions in applying specific provisions in this part for a particular type of engine. Before using this part's procedures, read the standard setting part to answer at least the following questions: ( 1) What duty cycles must I use for laboratory testing? ( 2) Should I warm up the test engine before measuring emissions, or do I need to measure cold start emissions during a warm up segment of the duty cycle? ( 3) Which exhaust gases do I need to measure? ( 4) Does testing require full flow dilute sampling? Is raw sampling prohibited? Is partial flow sampling prohibited? ( 5) Do any unique specifications apply for test fuels? ( 6) What maintenance steps may I take before or between tests on an emission data engine? ( 7) Do any unique requirements apply to stabilizing emission levels on a new engine? ( 8) Do any unique requirements apply to test limits, such as ambient temperatures or pressures? ( 9) Is field testing required, and are there different emission standards or procedures that apply to field testing? ( 10) Are there any emission standards specified at particular engine operating conditions or ambient conditions? ( 11) Do any unique requirements apply for durability testing? ( b) The testing specifications in the standard setting part may differ from the specifications in this part. In cases where it is not possible to comply with both the standard setting part and this part, you must comply with the specifications in the standard setting part. The standard setting part may also allow you to deviate from the procedures of this part for other reasons. ( c) The following table shows how this part divides testing specifications into subparts: 199 This subpart... Describes these specifications or procedures...

Subpart A Applicability and general provisions.

Subpart B Equipment for testing.

Subpart C Measurement instruments for testing.

Subpart D Calibration and performance verifications for measurement systems.

Subpart E How to prepare engines for testing, including service accumulation.

Subpart F How to run an emission test.

Subpart G Test procedure calculations.

Subpart H Fuels, engine fluids, analytical gases, and other calibration standards for testing.

Subpart I Special procedures related to oxygenated fuels.

Subpart J How to test with portable emission measurement systems ( PEMS).

Subpart K Definitions, abbreviations, and other reference information.

§ 1065.10 Other procedures. ( a) Your testing. The procedures in this part apply for all testing you do to show compliance with emission standards, with certain exceptions listed in this section. In some other sections in this part, we allow you to use other procedures ( such as less precise or less accurate procedures) if they do not affect your ability to show that your engines comply with the applicable emission standards. This generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the applicable emission standards so that any errors caused by greater imprecision or inaccuracy do not affect your ability to state unconditionally that the engines meet all applicable emission standards. ( b) Our testing. These procedures generally apply for testing that we do to determine if your engines comply with applicable emission standards. We may perform other testing as allowed by the Act. ( c) Exceptions. We may allow or require you to use procedures other than those specified in this part in the following cases, which may apply to laboratory testing, field testing, or both. We intend to publicly announce when we allow or require such exceptions. All of the test procedures noted here as exceptions to the specified procedures are considered generically as " other procedures." Note that the terms " special procedures" and " alternate procedures" have specific meanings; " special procedures" are those allowed by § 1065.10( c)( 2) and " alternate procedures" are those allowed by § 1065.10( c)( 7). ( 1) The objective of the procedures in this part is to produce emission measurements equivalent to those that would result from measuring emissions during in use operation using the same engine configuration as installed in a vehicle. However, in unusual circumstances these procedures may result in measurements that do not represent in use operation. You must notify us if good engineering judgment indicates that the specified procedures cause unrepresentative emission measurements for your engines. Note that you need not notify us of unrepresentative aspects of the test procedure if measured emissions are equivalent to inuse emissions. This provision does not obligate you to pursue new information regarding the different ways your engine might operate in use, nor does it obligate you to collect any other 200 in use information to verify whether or not these test procedures are representative of your engine's in use operation. If you notify us of unrepresentative procedures under this paragraph ( c)( 1), we will cooperate with you to establish whether and how the procedures should be appropriately changed to result in more representative measurements. While the provisions of this paragraph ( c)( 1) allow us to be responsive to issues as they arise, we would generally work toward making these testing changes generally applicable through rulemaking. We will allow reasonable lead time for compliance with any resulting change in procedures. We will consider the following factors in determining the importance of pursuing changes to the procedures: ( i) Whether supplemental emission standards or other requirements in the standard setting part address the type of operation of concern or otherwise prevent inappropriate design strategies. ( ii) Whether the unrepresentative aspect of the procedures affect your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards. ( iii) The extent to which the established procedures require the use of emission control technologies or strategies that are expected to ensure a comparable degree of emission control under the in use operation that differs from the specified procedures. ( 2) You may request to use special procedures if your engine cannot be tested using the specified procedures. We will approve your request if we determine that it would produce emission measurements that represent in use operation and we determine that it can be used to show compliance with the requirements of the standard setting part. The following situations illustrate examples that may require special procedures: ( i) Your engine cannot operate on the specified duty cycle. In this case, tell us in writing why you cannot satisfactorily test your engine using this part's procedures and ask to use a different approach. ( ii) Your electronic control module requires specific input signals that are not available during dynamometer testing. In this case, tell us in writing what signals you will simulate, such as vehicle speed or transmission signals, and explain why these signals are necessary for representative testing. ( 3) In a given model year, you may use procedures required for later model year engines without request. If you upgrade your testing facility in stages, you may rely on a combination of procedures for current and later model year engines as long as you can ensure, using good engineering judgment, that the combination you use for testing does not affect your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards. ( 4) In a given model year, you may ask to use procedures allowed for earlier model year engines. We will approve this only if you show us that using the procedures allowed for earlier model years does not affect your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards. ( 5) You may ask to use emission data collected using other procedures, such as those of the California Air Resources Board or the International Organization for Standardization. We will approve this only if you show us that using these other procedures does not affect your ability to show compliance with the applicable emission standards. ( 6) During the 12 months following the effective date of any change in the provisions of this part 1065, you may ask to use data collected using procedures specified in the previously 201 applicable version of this part 1065. This paragraph ( c)( 6) does not restrict the use of carryover certification data otherwise allowed by the standard setting part. ( 7) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent to allowed procedures, or more accurate or more precise than allowed procedures. You may request to use a particular device or method for laboratory testing even though it was originally designed for field testing. The following provisions apply to requests for alternate procedures: ( i) Applications. Follow the instructions in § 1065.12. ( ii) Submission. Submit requests in writing to the Designated Compliance Officer. ( iii) Notification. We may approve your request by telling you directly, or we may issue guidance announcing our approval of a specific alternate procedure, which would make additional requests for approval unnecessary. ( d) If we require you to request approval to use other procedures under paragraph ( c) of this section, you may not use them until we approve your request.

§ 1065.12 Approval of alternate procedures. ( a) To get approval for an alternate procedure under § 1065.10( c), send the Designated Compliance Officer an initial written request describing the alternate procedure and why you believe it is equivalent to the specified procedure. We may approve your request based on this information alone, or, as described in this section, we may ask you to submit to us in writing supplemental information showing that your alternate procedure is consistently and reliably at least as accurate and repeatable as the specified procedure. ( b) We may make our approval under this section conditional upon meeting other requirements or specifications. We may limit our approval, for example, to certain time frames, specific duty cycles, or specific emission standards. Based upon any supplemental information we receive after our initial approval, we may amend a previously approved alternate procedure to extend, limit, or discontinue its use. We intend to publicly announce alternate procedures that we approve. ( c) Although we will make every effort to approve only alternate procedures that completely meet our requirements, we may revoke our approval of an alternate procedure if new information shows that it is significantly not equivalent to the specified procedure. If we do this, we will grant time to switch to testing using an allowed procedure, considering the following factors: ( 1) The cost, difficulty, and availability to switch to a procedure that we allow. ( 2) The degree to which the alternate procedure affects your ability to show that your engines comply with all applicable emission standards. ( 3) Any relevant factors considered in our initial approval. ( d) If we do not approve your proposed alternate procedure based on the information in your initial request, we may ask you to send the following information to fully evaluate your request: ( 1) Theoretical basis. Give a brief technical description explaining why you believe the proposed alternate procedure should result in emission measurements equivalent to those using the specified procedure. You may include equations, figures, and references. You should consider the full range of parameters that may affect equivalence. For example, for a request to use a different NO x measurement procedure, you should theoretically relate the alternate detection principle to the specified detection principle over the expected concentration ranges for NO, NO 2, and interference gases. For a request to use a different PM measurement procedure, you should explain the principles by which the alternate procedure quantifies particulate mass similarly to the specified procedures. For any 202 proportioning or integrating procedure, such as a partial flow dilution system, you should compare the alternate procedure's theoretical response to the expected response of the specified procedures. ( 2) Technical description. Describe briefly any hardware or software needed to perform the alternate procedure. You may include dimensioned drawings, flowcharts, schematics, and component specifications. Explain any necessary calculations or other data manipulation. ( 3) Procedure execution. Describe briefly how to perform the alternate procedure and recommend a level of training an operator should have to achieve acceptable results. Summarize the installation, calibration, operation, and maintenance procedures in a step by step format. Describe how any calibration is performed using NIST traceable standards or other similar standards we approve. Calibration must be specified by using known quantities and must not be specified as a comparison with other allowed procedures. ( 4) Data collection techniques. Compare measured emission results using the proposed alternate procedure and the specified procedure, as follows: ( i) Both procedures must be calibrated independently to NIST traceable standards or to other similar standards we approve. ( ii) Include measured emission results from all applicable duty cycles. Measured emission results should show that the test engine meets all applicable emission standards according to specified procedures. ( iii) Use statistical methods to evaluate the emission measurements, such as those described in paragraph ( e) of this section. ( e) We may give you specific directions regarding methods for statistical analysis, or we may approve other methods that you propose. Absent any other directions from us, use a t test and an F test calculated according to § 1065.602 to evaluate whether your proposed alternate procedure is equivalent to the specified procedure. We recommend that you consult a statistician if you are unfamiliar with these statistical tests. Perform the tests as follows: ( 1) Repeat measurements for all applicable duty cycles at least seven times for each procedure. You may use laboratory duty cycles to evaluate field testing procedures. Be sure to include all available results to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the proposed alternate procedure, as described in § 1065.2. ( 2) Demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed alternate procedure by showing that it passes a two sided t test. Use an unpaired t test, unless you show that a paired t test is appropriate under both of the following provisions: ( i) For paired data, the population of the paired differences from which you sampled paired differences must be independent. That is, the probability of any given value of one paired difference is unchanged by knowledge of the value of another paired difference. For example, your paired data would violate this requirement if your series of paired differences showed a distinct increase or decrease that was dependent on the time at which they were sampled. ( ii) For paired data, the population of paired differences from which you sampled the paired differences must have a normal ( i. e., Gaussian) distribution. If the population of paired difference is not normally distributed, consult a statistician for a more appropriate statistical test, which may include transforming the data with a mathematical function or using some kind of non parametric test. 203 ( 3) Show that t is less than the critical t value, t crit, tabulated in § 1065.602, for the following confidence intervals: ( i) 90 % for a proposed alternate procedure for laboratory testing. ( ii) 95 % for a proposed alternate procedure for field testing. ( 4) Demonstrate the precision of the proposed alternate procedure by showing that it passes an F test. Use a set of at least seven samples from the reference procedure and a set of at least seven samples from the alternate procedure to perform an F test. The sets must meet the following requirements: ( i) Within each set, the values must be independent. That is, the probability of any given value in a set must be unchanged by knowledge of another value in that set. For example, your data would violate this requirement if a set showed a distinct increase or decrease that was dependent upon the time at which they were sampled. ( ii) For each set, the population of values from which you sampled must have a normal ( i. e., Gaussian) distribution. If the population of values is not normally distributed, consult a statistician for a more appropriate statistical test, which may include transforming the data with a mathematical function or using some kind of non parametric test. ( iii) The two sets must be independent of each other. That is, the probability of any given value in one set must be unchanged by knowledge of another value in the other set. For example, your data would violate this requirement if one value in a set showed a distinct increase or decrease that was dependent upon a value in the other set. Note that a trend of emission changes from an engine would not violate this requirement. ( iv) If you collect paired data for the paired t test in paragraph ( e)( 2) in this section, use caution when selecting sets from paired data for the F test. If you do this, select sets that do not mask the precision of the measurement procedure. We recommend selecting such sets only from data collected using the same engine, measurement instruments, and test cycle. ( 5) Show that F is less than the critical F value, F crit, tabulated in § 1065.602. If you have several F test results from several sets of data, show that the mean F test value is less than the mean critical F value for all the sets. Evaluate F crit, based on the following confidence intervals: ( i) 90 % for a proposed alternate procedure for laboratory testing. ( ii) 95 % for a proposed alternate procedure for field testing.

§ 1065.15 Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing. This section outlines the procedures to test engines that are subject to emission standards. ( a) In the standard setting part, we set brake specific emission standards in g/( kW

hr) ( or g/( hp

hr)), for the following constituents: ( 1) Total oxides of nitrogen, NO x. ( 2) Hydrocarbons ( HC), which may be expressed in the following ways: ( i) Total hydrocarbons, THC. ( ii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons, NMHC, which results from subtracting methane ( CH 4) from THC. ( iii) Total hydrocarbon equivalent, THCE, which results from adjusting THC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon mass basis. 204 ( iv) Nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent, NMHCE, which results from adjusting NMHC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon mass basis. ( 3) Particulate mass, PM. ( 4) Carbon monoxide, CO. ( b) Note that some engines are not subject to standards for all the emission constituents identified in paragraph ( a) of this section. ( c) We set brake specific emission standards over test intervals, as follows: ( 1) Engine operation. Engine operation is specified over a test interval. A test interval is the time over which an engine's total mass of emissions and its total work are determined. Refer to the standard setting part for the specific test intervals that apply to each engine. Testing may involve measuring emissions and work during the following types of engine operation: ( i) Laboratory testing. Under this type of testing, you determine brake specific emissions for duty cycle testing by using an engine dynamometer in a laboratory. This typically consists of one or more test intervals, each defined by a duty cycle, which is a sequence of speeds and torques that an engine must follow. If the standard setting part allows it, you may also simulate field testing by running on an engine dynamometer in a laboratory. ( ii) Field testing. This type of testing consists of normal in use engine operation while an engine is installed in a vehicle. The standard setting part specifies how test intervals are defined for field testing. ( 2) Constituent determination. Determine the total mass of each constituent over a test interval by selecting from the following methods: ( i) Continuous sampling. In continuous sampling, measure the constituent's concentration continuously from raw or dilute exhaust. Multiply this concentration by the continuous ( raw or dilute) flow rate at the emission sampling location to determine the constituent's flow rate. Sum the constituent's flow rate continuously over the test interval. This sum is the total mass of the emitted constituent. ( ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract a sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate. You may extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust in an appropriate container, such as a bag, and then measure HC, CO, and NO x concentrations in the container after the test interval. You may deposit PM from proportionally extracted exhaust onto an appropriate substrate, such as a filter. In this case, divide the PM by the amount of filtered exhaust to calculate the PM concentration. Multiply batch sampled concentrations by the total ( raw or dilute) flow from which it was extracted during the test interval. This product is the total mass of the emitted constituent. ( iii) You may use continuous and batch sampling simultaneously during a test interval, as follows: ( A) You may use continuous sampling for some constituents and batch sampling for others. ( B) You may use continuous and batch sampling for a single constituent, with one being a redundant measurement. See § 1065.201 for more information on redundant measurements. ( 3) Work determination. Determine work over a test interval by one of the following methods: 205 ( i) Speed and torque. For laboratory testing, synchronously multiply speed and brake torque to calculate instantaneous values for engine brake power. Sum engine brake power over a test interval to determine total work. ( ii) Fuel consumed and brake specific fuel consumption. Directly measure fuel consumed or calculate it with chemical balances of the fuel, intake air, and exhaust. To calculate fuel consumed by a chemical balance, you must also measure either intake air flow rate or exhaust flow rate. Divide the fuel consumed during a test interval by the brake specific fuel consumption to determine work over the test interval. For laboratory testing, calculate the brake specific fuel consumption using fuel consumed and speed and torque over a test interval. For field testing, refer to the standard setting part and § 1065.915 for selecting an appropriate value for brake specific fuel consumption. ( d) Refer to § 1065.650 for calculations to determine brake specific emissions. ( e) See Figure 1 of § 1065.15 for an illustration of the allowed measurement configurations described in this part 1065. 206 [ NOTE TO PRINTER   INSERT Figure 1 of § 1065.15 HERE] 207 § 1065.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations. ( a) System of units. The procedures in this part generally follow the International System of Units ( SI), as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 Edition, " Guide for the Use of the International System of Units ( SI)," which we incorporate by reference in § 1065.1010. This document is available on the Internet at http:// physics. nist. gov/ Pubs/ SP811/ contents. html. Note the following exceptions: ( 1) We designate rotational frequency, f n, of an engine's crankshaft in revolutions per minute ( rev/ min), rather than the SI unit of reciprocal seconds ( 1/ s). This is based on the commonplace use of rev/ min in many engine dynamometer laboratories. Also, we use the symbol f n to identify rotational frequency in rev/ min, rather than the SI convention of using n. This avoids confusion with our usage of the symbol n for a molar quantity. ( 2) We designate brake specific emissions in grams per kilowatt hour ( g/( kW

hr)), rather than the SI unit of grams per megajoule ( g/ MJ). This is based on the fact that engines are generally subject to emission standards expressed in g/ kW

hr. If we specify engine standards in grams per horsepower

hour ( g/( hp

hr)) in the standard setting part, convert units as specified in paragraph ( d) of this section. ( 3) We designate temperatures in units of degrees Celsius (  C) unless a calculation requires an absolute temperature. In that case, we designate temperatures in units of Kelvin ( K). For conversion purposes throughout this part, 0  C equals 273.15 K. ( b) Concentrations. This part does not rely on amounts expressed in parts per million or similar units. Rather, we express such amounts in the following SI units: ( 1) For ideal gases, µ mol/ mol, formerly ppm ( volume). ( 2) For all substances, µ m3/ m3, formerly ppm ( volume). ( 3) For all substances, mg/ kg, formerly ppm ( mass). ( c) Absolute pressure. Measure absolute pressure directly or calculate it as the sum of atmospheric pressure plus a differential pressure that is referenced to atmospheric pressure. ( d) Units conversion. Use the following conventions to convert units: ( 1) Testing. You may record values and perform calculations with other units. For testing with equipment that involves other units, use the conversion factors from NIST Special Publication 811, as described in paragraph ( a) of this section. ( 2) Humidity. In this part, we identify humidity levels by specifying dewpoint, which is the temperature at which pure water begins to condense out of air. Use humidity conversions as described in § 1065.645. ( 3) Emission standards. If your standard is in g/( hp

hr) units, convert kW to hp before any rounding by using the conversion factor of 1 hp ( 550 ft

lbf/ s) = 0.7456999 kW. Round the final value for comparison to the applicable standard. ( e) Rounding. Unless the standard setting part specifies otherwise, round only final values, not intermediate values. Round values to the number of significant digits necessary to match the number of decimal places of the applicable standard or specification. For information not related to standards or specifications, use good engineering judgment to record the appropriate number of significant digits. ( f) Interpretation of ranges. In this part, we specify ranges such as "+ 10 % of maximum pressure", "( 40 to 50) kPa", or "( 30 + 10) kPa". Interpret a range as a tolerance unless we 208 explicitly identify it as an accuracy, repeatability, linearity, or noise specification. See § 1065.1001 for the definition of Tolerance. ( g) Scaling of specifications with respect to a standard. Because this part 1065 is applicable to a wide range of engines and emission standards, some of the specifications in this part are scaled with respect to an engine's emission standard or maximum power. This ensures that the specification will be adequate to determine compliance, but not overly burdensome by requiring unnecessarily high precision equipment. Many of these specifications are given with respect to a " flow weighted mean" that is expected at the standard. Flow weighted mean is the mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas concentration is measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow weighted mean concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded concentration times its respective exhaust flow rate, divided by the sum of the recorded flow rates. As another example, the bag concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow weighted mean concentration, because the CVS system itself flow weights the bag concentration. Refer to § 1065.602 for information needed to estimate and calculate flow weighted means.

§ 1065.25 Recordkeeping. The procedures in this part include various requirements to record data or other information. Refer to the standard setting part regarding recordkeeping requirements. If the standard setting part does not specify recordkeeping requirements, store these records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available for one year after you send an associated application for certification, or one year after you generate the data if they do not support an application for certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.

Subpart B   Equipment Specifications § 1065.101 Overview. ( a) This subpart specifies equipment, other than measurement instruments, related to emission testing. The provisions of this subpart apply for all testing in laboratories. See subpart J of this part to determine which of the provisions of this subpart apply for field testing. This includes three broad categories of equipment   dynamometers, engine fluid systems ( such as fuel and intake air systems), and emission sampling hardware. ( b) Other related subparts in this part identify measurement instruments ( subpart C), describe how to evaluate the performance of these instruments ( subpart D), and specify engine fluids and analytical gases ( subpart H). ( c) Subpart J of this part describes additional equipment that is specific to field testing. ( d) Figures 1 and 2 of this section illustrate some of the possible configurations of laboratory equipment. These figures are schematics only; we do not require exact conformance to them. Figure 1 of this section illustrates the equipment specified in this subpart and gives some references to sections in this subpart. Figure 2 of this section illustrates some of the possible configurations of a full flow dilution, constant volume sampling ( CVS) system. Not all possible CVS configurations are shown. 209 [ NOTE TO PRINTER   INSERT Figure 1 of § 1065.101 HERE] [ NOTE TO PRINTER   INSERT Figure 2 of § 1065.101 HERE] 210 § 1065.110 Work inputs and outputs, accessory work, and operator demand. ( a) Work. Use good engineering judgment to simulate all engine work inputs and outputs as they typically would operate in use. Account for work inputs and outputs during an emission test by measuring them; or, if they are small, you may show by engineering analysis that disregarding them does not affect your ability to determine the net work output by more than + 0.5 % of the net reference work output over the test interval . Use equipment to simulate the specific types of work, as follows: ( 1) Shaft work. Use an engine dynamometer that is able to meet the cycle validation criteria in § 1065.514 over each applicable duty cycle. ( i) You may use eddy current and water brake dynamometers for any testing that does not involve engine motoring, which is identified by negative torque commands in a reference duty cycle. See the standard setting part for reference duty cycles that are applicable to your engine. ( ii) You may use alternating current or direct current motoring dynamometers for any type of testing. ( iii) You may use one or more dynamometers. ( 2) Electrical work. Use one or more of the following to simulate electrical work: ( i) Use storage batteries or capacitors that are of the type and capacity installed in use. ( ii) Use motors, generators, and alternators that are of the type and capacity installed in use. ( iii) Use a resistor load bank to simulate electrical loads. ( 3) Pump, compressor, and turbine work. Use pumps, compressors, and turbines that are of the type and capacity installed in use. Use working fluids that are of the same type and thermodynamic state as normal in use operation. ( b) Laboratory work inputs. You may supply any laboratory inputs of work to the engine. For example, you may supply electrical work to the engine to operate a fuel system, and as another example you may supply compressor work to the engine to actuate pneumatic valves. We may ask you to show by engineering analysis your accounting of laboratory work inputs to meet the criterion in paragraph ( a) of this section. ( c) Engine accessories. You must either install or account for the work of engine accessories required to fuel, lubricate, or heat the engine, circulate coolant to the engine, or to operate aftertreatment devices. Operate the engine with these accessories installed or accounted for during all testing operations, including mapping. If these accessories are not powered by the engine during a test, account for the work required to perform these functions from the total work used in brake specific emission calculations. For air cooled engines only, subtract externally powered fan work from total work. We may ask you to show by engineering analysis your accounting of engine accessories to meet the criterion in paragraph ( a) of this section. ( d) Engine starter. You may install a production type starter. ( e) Operator demand for shaft work. Command the operator demand and the dynamometer( s) to follow the prescribed duty cycle with set points for engine speed and torque at 5 Hz ( or more frequently) for transient testing or 1 Hz ( or more frequently) for steady state testing. Use a mechanical or electronic input to control operator demand such that the engine is able to meet the validation criteria in § 1065.514 over each applicable duty cycle. Record feedback values for engine speed and torque at 5 Hz or more frequently for evaluating performance relative to the 211 cycle validation criteria. Using good engineering judgment, you may improve control of operator demand by altering on engine speed and torque controls. However, if these changes result in unrepresentative testing, you must notify us and recommend other test procedures under § 1065.10( c)( 1).

§ 1065.120 Fuel properties and fuel temperature and pressure. ( a) Use fuels as specified in subpart H of this part. ( b) If the engine manufacturer specifies fuel temperature and pressure tolerances and the location where they are to be measured, then measure the fuel temperature and pressure at the specified location to show that you are within these tolerances throughout testing. ( c) If the engine manufacturer does not specify fuel temperature and pressure tolerances, use good engineering judgment to set and control fuel temperature and pressure in a way that represents typical in use fuel temperatures and pressures.

§ 1065.122 Engine cooling and lubrication. ( a) Engine cooling. Cool the engine during testing so its intake air, oil, coolant, block, and head temperatures are within their expected ranges for normal operation. You may use laboratory auxiliary coolers and fans. ( 1) If you use laboratory auxiliary fans you must account for work input to the fan( s) according to § 1065.110. ( 2) See § 1065.125 for more information related to intake air cooling. ( 3) See § 1065.127 for more information related to exhaust gas recirculation cooling. ( 4) Measure temperatures at the manufacturer specified locations. If the manufacturer does not specify temperature measurement locations, then use good engineering judgment to monitor intake air, oil, coolant, block, and head temperatures to ensure that they are in their expected ranges for normal operation. ( b) Forced cooldown. You may install a forced cooldown system for an engine and an exhaust aftertreatment device according to § 1065.530( a)( 1). ( c) Lubricating oil. Use lubricating oils specified in § 1065.740. ( d) Coolant. For liquid cooled engines, use coolant as specified in § 1065.745.

§ 1065.125 Engine intake air. ( a) Use the intake air system installed on the engine or one that represents a typical in use configuration. This includes the charge air cooling and exhaust gas recirculation systems. ( b) Measure temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure near the entrance to the engine's air filter, or at the inlet to the air intake system for engines that have no air filter. You may use a shared atmospheric pressure meter as long as your equipment for handling intake air maintains ambient pressure where you test the engine within + 1 kPa of the shared atmospheric pressure. You may use a shared humidity measurement for intake air as long as your equipment for handling intake air maintains dewpoint where you test the engine to within + 0.5  C of the shared humidity measurement. ( c) Use an air intake restriction that represents production engines. Make sure the intake air restriction is between the manufacturer's specified maximum for a clean filter and the manufacturer's specified maximum allowed. Measure the static differential pressure of the restriction at the location and at the speed and torque set points specified by the manufacturer. If 212 the manufacturer does not specify a location, measure this pressure upstream any turbocharger or exhaust gas recirculation system connection to the intake air system. If the manufacturer does not specify speed and torque points, measure this pressure while the engine outputs maximum power. As the manufacturer, you are liable for emission compliance for all values up to the maximum restriction you specify for a particular engine. ( d) This paragraph ( d) includes provisions for simulating charge air cooling in the laboratory. This approach is described in paragraph ( d)( 1) of this section. Limits on using this approach are described in paragraphs ( d)( 2) and ( 3) of this section. ( 1) Use a charge air cooling system with a total intake air capacity that represents production engines' in use installation. Maintain coolant conditions as follows: ( i) Maintain a coolant temperature of at least 20  C at the inlet to the charge air cooler throughout testing. ( ii) At maximum engine power, set the coolant flow rate to achieve an air temperature within + 5  C of the value specified by the manufacturer at the charge air cooler outlet. Measure the air outlet temperature at the location specified by the manufacturer. Use this coolant flow rate set point throughout testing. ( 2) Using a constant flow rate as described in paragraph ( d)( 1)( ii) of this section may result in unrepresentative overcooling of the intake air. If this causes any regulated emission to decrease, then you may still use this approach, but only if the effect on emissions is smaller than the degree to which you meet the applicable emission standards. If the effect on emissions is larger than the degree to which you meet the applicable emission standards, you must use a variable flow rate that controls intake air temperatures to be representative of inuse operation. ( 3) This approach does not apply for field testing. You may not correct measured emission levels from field testing to account for any differences caused by the simulated cooling in the laboratory.

§ 1065.127 Exhaust gas recirculation. Use the exhaust gas recirculation ( EGR) system installed with the engine or one that represents a typical in use configuration. This includes any applicable EGR cooling devices.

§ 1065.130 Engine exhaust. ( a) General. Use the exhaust system installed with the engine or one that represents a typical inuse configuration. This includes any applicable aftertreatment devices. ( b) Aftertreatment configuration. If you do not use the exhaust system installed with the engine, configure any aftertreatment devices as follows: ( 1) Position any aftertreatment device so its distance from the nearest exhaust manifold flange or turbocharger outlet is within the range specified by the engine manufacturer in the application for certification. If this distance is not specified, position aftertreatment devices to represent typical in use vehicle configurations. ( 2) You may use laboratory exhaust tubing upstream of any aftertreatment device that is of diameter( s) typical of in use configurations. If you use laboratory exhaust tubing upstream of any aftertreatment device, position each aftertreatment device according to paragraph ( a)( 1) of this section. 213 ( b) Sampling system connections. Connect an engine's exhaust system to any raw sampling location or dilution stage, as follows: ( 1) Minimize laboratory exhaust tubing lengths and use a total length of laboratory tubing of no more than 10 m or 50 outside diameters, whichever is greater. If laboratory exhaust tubing consists of several different outside tubing diameters, count the number of diameters of length of each individual diameter, then sum all the diameters to determine the total length of exhaust tubing in diameters. Use the mean outside diameter of any converging or diverging sections of tubing. Use outside hydraulic diameters of any noncircular sections. ( 2) You may install short sections of flexible laboratory exhaust tubing at any location in the engine or laboratory exhaust systems. You may use up to a combined total of 2 m or 10 outside diameters of flexible exhaust tubing. ( 3) Insulate any laboratory exhaust tubing downstream of the first 25 outside diameters of length. ( 4) Use laboratory exhaust tubing materials that are smooth walled, electrically conductive, and not reactive with exhaust constituents. Stainless steel is an acceptable material. ( 5) We recommend that you use laboratory exhaust tubing that has either a wall thickness of less than 2 mm or is air gap insulated to minimize temperature differences between the wall and the exhaust. ( c) In line instruments. You may insert instruments into the laboratory exhaust tubing, such as an in line smoke meter. If you do this, you may leave a length of up to 5 outside diameters of laboratory exhaust tubing uninsulated on each side of each instrument, but you must leave a length of no more than 25 outside diameters of laboratory exhaust tubing uninsulated in total, including any lengths adjacent to in line instruments. ( d) Grounding. Electrically ground the entire exhaust system. ( e) Forced cooldown. You may install a forced cooldown system for an exhaust aftertreatment device according to § 1065.530( a)( 1)( i). ( f) Exhaust restriction. Use an exhaust restriction that represents the performance of production engines. Make sure the exhaust restriction set point is either ( 80 to100) % of the maximum exhaust restriction specified by the manufacturer; or if the maximum is 5 kPa or less, make sure the set point is no less than 1.0 kPa from the maximum. For example, if the maximum back pressure is 4.5 kPa, do not use an exhaust restriction set point that is less than 3.5 kPa. Measure and set this pressure at the location and at the speed, torque and aftertreatment set points specified by the manufacturer. As the manufacturer, you are liable for emission compliance for all values up to the maximum restriction you specify for a particular engine. ( g) Open crankcase emissions. If the standard setting part requires measuring open crankcase emissions, you may either measure open crankcase emissions separately using a method that we approve in advance, or route open crankcase emissions directly into the exhaust system for emission measurement as follows: ( 1) Use laboratory tubing materials that are smooth walled, electrically conductive, and not reactive with crankcase emissions. Stainless steel is an acceptable material. Minimize tube lengths. We also recommend using heated or thin walled or air gap insulated tubing to minimize temperature differences between the wall and the crankcase emission constituents. ( 2) Minimize the number of bends in the laboratory crankcase tubing and maximize the radius of any unavoidable bend. 214 ( 3) Use laboratory crankcase exhaust tubing that meets the engine manufacturer's specifications for crankcase back pressure. ( 4) Connect the crankcase exhaust tubing into the raw exhaust downstream of any aftertreatment system, downstream of any installed exhaust restriction, and sufficiently upstream of any sample probes to ensure complete mixing with the engine's exhaust before sampling. Extend the crankcase exhaust tube into the free stream of exhaust to avoid boundary layer effects and to promote mixing. You may orient the crankcase exhaust tube's outlet in any direction relative to the raw exhaust flow.

§ 1065.140 Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents. ( a) General. You may dilute exhaust with ambient air, synthetic air, or nitrogen that is at least 15  C. Note that the composition of the diluent affects some gaseous emission measurement instruments' response to emissions. We recommend diluting exhaust at a location as close as possible to the location where ambient air dilution would occur in use. ( b) Dilution air conditions and background concentrations. Before a diluent is mixed with exhaust, you may precondition it by increasing or decreasing its temperature or humidity. You may also remove constituents to reduce their background concentrations. The following provisions apply to removing constituents or accounting for background concentrations: ( 1) You may measure constituent concentrations in the diluent and compensate for background effects on test results. See § 1065.650 for calculations that compensate for background concentrations. ( 2) Either measure these background concentrations the same way you measure diluted exhaust constituents, or measure them in a way that does not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards. For example, you may use the following simplifications for background sampling: ( i) You may disregard any proportional sampling requirements. ( ii) You may use unheated gaseous sampling systems. ( iii) You may use unheated PM sampling systems only if we approve it in advance. ( iv) You may use continuous sampling if you use batch sampling for diluted emissions. ( v) You may use batch sampling if you use continuous sampling for diluted emissions. ( 3) For removing background PM, we recommend that you filter all dilution air, including primary full flow dilution air, with high efficiency particulate air ( HEPA) filters that have an initial minimum collection efficiency specification of 99.97 % ( see § 1065.1001 for procedures related to HEPA filtration efficiencies). Ensure that HEPA filters are installed properly so that background PM does not leak past the HEPA filters. If you choose to correct for background PM without using HEPA filtration, demonstrate that the background PM in the dilution air contributes less than 50 % to the net PM collected on the sample filter. ( c) Full flow dilution; constant volume sampling ( CVS). You may dilute the full flow of raw exhaust in a dilution tunnel that maintains a nominally constant volume flow rate, molar flow rate or mass flow rate of diluted exhaust, as follows: ( 1) Construction. Use a tunnel with inside surfaces of 300 series stainless steel. Electrically ground the entire dilution tunnel. We recommend a thin walled and insulated dilution tunnel to minimize temperature differences between the wall and the exhaust gases. ( 2) Pressure control. Maintain static pressure at the location where raw exhaust is introduced into the tunnel within 1.2 kPa of atmospheric pressure. You may use a booster blower to 215 control this pressure. If you test an engine using more careful pressure control and you show by engineering analysis or by test data that you require this level of control to demonstrate compliance at the applicable standards, we will maintain the same level of static pressure control when we test that engine. ( 3) Mixing. Introduce raw exhaust into the tunnel by directing it downstream along the centerline of the tunnel. You may introduce a fraction of dilution air radially from the tunnel's inner surface to minimize exhaust interaction with the tunnel walls. You may configure the system with turbulence generators such as orifice plates or fins to achieve good mixing. We recommend a minimum Reynolds number, Re#, of 4000 for the diluted exhaust stream, where Re# is based on the inside diameter of the dilution tunnel. Re# is defined in § 1065.640. ( 4) Flow measurement preconditioning. You may condition the diluted exhaust before measuring its flow rate, as long as this conditioning takes place downstream of any sample probes, as follows: ( i) You may use flow straighteners, pulsation dampeners, or both of these. ( ii) You may use a filter. ( iii) You may use a heat exchanger to control the temperature upstream of any flow meter. Note paragraph ( c)( 6) of this section regarding aqueous condensation. ( 5) Flow measurement. Section 1065.240 describes measurement instruments for diluted exhaust flow. ( 6) Aqueous condensation. You may either prevent aqueous condensation throughout the dilution tunnel or you may measure humidity at the flow meter inlet. Calculations in § 1065.645 and § 1065.650 account for either method of addressing humidity in the diluted exhaust. Note that preventing aqueous condensation involves more than keeping pure water in a vapor phase ( see § 1065.1001). ( 7) Flow compensation. Maintain nominally constant molar, volumetric or mass flow of diluted exhaust. You may maintain nominally constant flow by either maintaining the temperature and pressure at the flow meter or by directly controlling the flow of diluted exhaust. You may also directly control the flow of proportional samplers to maintain proportional sampling. For an individual test, validate proportional sampling as described in § 1065.545. ( d) Partial flow dilution ( PFD). Except as specified in this paragraph ( d), you may dilute a partial flow of raw or previously diluted exhaust before measuring emissions. § 1065.240 describes PFDrelated flow measurement instruments. PFD may consist of constant or varying dilution ratios as described in paragraphs ( d)( 2) and ( 3) of this section. An example of a constant dilution ratio PFD is a " secondary dilution PM" measurement system. An example of a varying dilution ratio PFD is a a " bag mini diluter" or BMD. ( 1) Applicability. ( i) You may not use PFD if the standard setting part prohibits it. ( ii) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample for any batch or continuous PM emission sampling over any transient duty cycle only if we have explicitly approved it according to § 1065.10 as an alternative procedure to the specified procedure for full flow CVS. ( iii) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample for any batch or continuous gaseous emission sampling. 216 ( iv) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample for any batch or continuous PM emission sampling over any steady state duty cycle or its ramped modal cycle ( RMC) equivalent. ( v) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample for any batch or continuous field testing. ( vi) You may use PFD to extract a proportional diluted exhaust sample from a CVS for any batch or continuous emission sampling. ( vii) You may use PFD to extract a constant raw or diluted exhaust sample for any continuous emission sampling. ( 2) Constant dilution ratio PFD. Do one of the following for constant dilution ratio PFD: ( i) Dilute an already proportional flow. For example, you may do this as a way of performing secondary dilution from a CVS tunnel to achieve temperature control for PM sampling. ( ii) Continuously measure constituent concentrations. For example, you might dilute to precondition a sample of raw exhaust to control its temperature, humidity, or constituent concentrations upstream of continuous analyzers. In this case, you must take into account the dilution ratio before multiplying the continuous concentration by the sampled exhaust flow rate. ( iii) Extract a proportional sample from the constant dilution ratio PFD system. For example, you might use a variable flow pump to proportionally fill a gaseous storage medium such as a bag from a PFD system. In this case, the proportional sampling must meet the same specifications as varying dilution ratio PFD in paragraph ( d)( 3) of this section. ( 3) Varying dilution ratio PFD . All the following provisions apply for varying dilution ratio PFD: ( i) Use a control system with sensors and actuators that can maintain proportional sampling over intervals as short as 200 ms ( i. e., 5 Hz control). ( ii) For control input, you may use any sensor output from one or more measurements; for example, intake air flow, fuel flow, exhaust flow, engine speed, and intake manifold temperature and pressure. ( iii) Account for any emission transit time in the PFD system. ( iv) You may use preprogrammed data if they have been determined for the specific test site, duty cycle, and test engine from which you dilute emissions. ( v) We recommend that you run practice cycles to meet the validation criteria in § 1065.545. Note that you must validate every emission test by meeting the validation criteria with the data from that specific test, not from practice cycles or other tests. ( vi) You may not use a PFD system that requires preparatory tuning or calibration with a CVS or with the emission results from a CVS. Rather, you must be able to independently calibrate the PFD. ( e) Dilution and temperature control of PM samples. Dilute PM samples at least once upstream of transfer lines. You may dilute PM samples upstream of a transfer line via full flow dilution or via partial flow dilution immediately downstream of a PM probe. Control sample temperature to a ( 47 + 5)  C tolerance, as measured anywhere within 20 cm upstream or downstream of the PM storage media ( such as a filter). Measure this temperature with a bare wire junction thermocouple 217 with wires that are ( 0.500 + 0.025) mm diameter, or with another suitable instrument that has equivalent performance. Heat or cool the PM sample primarily by dilution.

§ 1065.145 Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system components. ( a) Continuous and batch sampling. Determine the total mass of each constituent with continuous or batch sampling, as described in § 1065.15( c)( 2). Both types of sampling systems have probes, transfer lines, and other sampling system components that are described in this section. ( b) Gaseous and PM sample probes. A probe is the first fitting in a sampling system. It protrudes into a raw or diluted exhaust stream to extract a sample, such that its inside and outside surfaces are in contact with the exhaust. A sample is transported out of a probe into a transfer line, as described in paragraph ( c) of this section. The following provisions apply to probes: ( 1) Probe design and construction. Use sample probes with inside surfaces of 300 series stainless steel or, for raw exhaust sampling, use a nonreactive material capable of withstanding raw exhaust temperatures. Locate sample probes where constituents are mixed to their mean sample concentration. Take into account the mixing of any crankcase emissions that may be routed into the raw exhaust. Locate each probe to minimize interference with the flow to other probes. We recommend that all probes remain free from influences of boundary layers, wakes, and eddies   especially near the outlet of a raw exhaust tailpipe where unintended dilution might occur. Make sure that purging or back flushing of a probe does not influence another probe during testing. You may use a single probe to extract a sample of more than one constituent as long as the probe meets all the specifications for each constituent. ( 2) Gaseous sample probes. Use either single port or multi port probes for sampling gaseous emissions. You may orient these probes in any direction relative to the raw or diluted exhaust flow. For some probes, you must control sample temperatures, as follows: ( i) For probes that extract NO x from diluted exhaust, control the probe's wall temperature to prevent aqueous condensation. ( ii) For probes that extract hydrocarbons for NMHC or NMHCE analysis from the diluted exhaust of compression ignition engines, 2 stroke spark ignition engines, or 4 stroke spark ignition engines below 19 kW, maintain a probe wall temperature tolerance of ( 191 + 11)  C. ( 3) PM sample probes. Use PM probes with a single opening at the end. Orient PM probes to face directly upstream. If you shield a PM probe's opening with a PM pre classifier such as a hat, you may not use the preclassifier we specify in paragraph ( d)( 4)( i) of this section. We recommend sizing the inside diameter of PM probes to approximate isokinetic sampling at the expected mean flow rate. ( c) Transfer lines. You may use transfer lines to transport an extracted sample from a probe to an analyzer, storage medium, or dilution system. Minimize the length of all transfer lines by locating analyzers, storage media, and dilution systems as close to probes as practical. We recommend that you minimize the number of bends in transfer lines and that you maximize the radius of any unavoidable bend. Avoid using 90  elbows, tees, and cross fittings in transfer lines. Where such connections and fittings are necessary, take steps, using good engineering judgment, to ensure that you meet the temperature tolerances in this paragraph ( c). This may involve measuring temperature at various locations within transfer lines and fittings. You may use a single transfer line to transport a sample of more than one constituent, as long as the transfer line meets all the 218 specifications for each constituent. The following construction and temperature tolerances apply to transfer lines: ( 1) Gaseous samples. Use transfer lines with inside surfaces of 300 series stainless steel, PTFE, VitonTM, or any other material that you demonstrate has better properties for emission sampling. For raw exhaust sampling, use a non reactive material capable of withstanding raw exhaust temperatures. You may use in line filters if they do not react with exhaust constituents and if the filter and its housing meet the same temperature requirements as the transfer lines, as follows: ( i) For NO x transfer lines upstream of either an NO 2 to NO converter that meets the specifications of § 1065.378 or a chiller that meets the specifications of § 1065.376, maintain a sample temperature that prevents aqueous condensation. ( ii) For THC transfer lines for testing compression ignition engines, 2 stroke sparkignition engines, or 4 stroke spark ignition engines below 19 kW, maintain a wall temperature tolerance throughout the entire line of ( 191 + 11)  C. If you sample from raw exhaust, you may connect an unheated, insulated transfer line directly to a probe. Design the length and insulation of the transfer line to cool the highest expected raw exhaust temperature to no lower than 191  C, as measured at the transfer line's outlet. ( 2) PM samples. We recommend heated transfer lines or a heated enclosure to minimize temperature differences between transfer lines and exhaust constituents. Use transfer lines that are inert with respect to PM and are electrically conductive on the inside surfaces. We recommend using PM transfer lines made of 300 series stainless steel. Electrically ground the inside surface of PM transfer lines. ( d) Optional sample conditioning components for gaseous sampling. You may use the following sample conditioning components to prepare gaseous samples for analysis, as long you do not install or use them in a way that adversely affects your ability to show that your engines comply with all applicable gaseous emission standards. ( 1) NO 2 to NO converter. You may use an NO 2 to NO converter that meets the efficiencyperformance check specified in § 1065.378 at any point upstream of a NO x analyzer, sample bag, or other storage medium. ( 2) Sample dryer. You may use either type of sample dryer described in this paragraph ( d)( 2) to decrease the effects of water on gaseous emission measurements. You may not use a chemical dryer, or used dryers upstream of PM sample filters. ( i) Osmotic membrane. You may use an osmotic membrane dryer upstream of any gaseous analyzer or storage medium, as long as it meets the temperature specifications in paragraph ( c)( 1) of this section. Because osmotic membrane dryers may deteriorate after prolonged exposure to certain exhaust constituents, consult with the membrane manufacturer regarding your application before incorporating an osmotic membrane dryer. Monitor the dewpoint, T dew, and absolute pressure, p total, downstream of an osmoticmembrane dryer. You may use continuously recorded values of T dew and p total in the amount of water calculations specified in § 1065.645. If you do not continuously record these values, you may use their peak values observed during a test or their alarm setpoints as constant values in the calculations specified in § 1065.645. You may also use a nominal p total, which you may estimate as the dryer's lowest absolute pressure expected during testing. 219 ( ii) Thermal chiller. You may use a thermal chiller upstream of some gas analyzers and storage media. You may not use a thermal chiller upstream of a THC measurement system for compression ignition engines, 2 stroke spark ignition engines, or 4 stroke spark ignition engines below 19 kW. If you use a thermal chiller upstream of an NO 2 to NO converter or in a sampling system without an NO 2 to NO converter, the chiller must meet the NO 2 loss performance check specified in § 1065.376. Monitor the dewpoint, T dew, and absolute pressure, p total, downstream of a thermal chiller. You may use continuously recorded values of T dew and p total in the emission calculations specified in § 1065.650. If you do not continuously record these values, you may use their peak values observed during a test or their high alarm setpoints as constant values in the amount of water calculations specified in § 1065.645. You may also use a nominal p total, which you may estimate as the dryer's lowest absolute pressure expected during testing. If it is valid to assume the degree of saturation in the thermal chiller, you may calculate T dew based on the known chiller efficiency and continuous monitoring of chiller temperature, T chiller. If you do not continuously record values of T chiller, you may use its peak value observed during a test, or its alarm setpoint, as a constant value to determine a constant amount of water according to § 1065.645. If it is valid to assume that T chiller is equal to T dew, you may use T chiller in lieu of T dew according to § 1065.645. If we ask for it, you must show by engineering analysis or by data the validity of any assumptions allowed by this paragraph ( d)( 2)( ii). ( 3) Sample pumps. You may use sample pumps upstream of an analyzer or storage medium for any gas. Use sample pumps with inside surfaces of 300 series stainless steel, PTFE, or any other material that you demonstrate has better properties for emission sampling. For some sample pumps, you must control temperatures, as follows: ( i) If you use a NO x sample pump upstream of either an NO 2 to NO converter that meets § 1065.378 or a chiller that meets § 1065.376, it must be heated to prevent aqueous condensation. ( ii) For testing compression ignition engines, 2 stroke spark ignition engines, or 4 stroke compression ignition engines below 19 kW, if you use a THC sample pump upstream of a THC analyzer or storage medium, its inner surfaces must be heated to a tolerance of ( 191 + 11)  C ( e) Optional sample conditioning components for PM sampling. You may use the following sample conditioning components to prepare PM samples for analysis, as long you do not install or use them in a way that adversely affects your ability to show that your engines comply with the applicable PM emission standards. You may condition PM samples to minimize positive and negative biases to PM results, as follows: ( 1) PM preclassifier. You may use a PM preclassifier to remove large diameter particles. The PM preclassifier may be either an inertial impactor or a cyclonic separator. It must be constructed of 300 series stainless steel. The preclassifier must be rated to remove at least 50 % of PM at an aerodynamic diameter of 10 µ m and no more than 1 % of PM at an aerodynamic diameter of 1 µ m over the range of flow rates for which you use it. Follow the preclassifier manufacturer's instructions for any periodic servicing that may be necessary to prevent a buildup of PM. Install the preclassifier in the dilution system downstream of the last dilution stage. Configure the preclassifier outlet with a means of bypassing any PM sample media so the preclassifier flow may be stabilized before starting a test. Locate PM sample 220 media within 50 cm downstream of the preclassifier's exit. You may not use this preclassifier if you use a PM probe that already has a preclassifier. For example, if you use a hat shaped preclassifier that is located immediately upstream of the probe in such a way that it forces the sample flow to change direction before entering the probe, you may not use any other preclassifier in your PM sampling system. ( 2) Other components. You may request to use other PM conditioning components upstream of a PM preclassifier, such as components that condition humidity or remove gaseous phase hydrocarbons from the diluted exhaust stream. You may use such components only if we approve them under § 1065.10.

§ 1065.150 Continuous sampling. You may use continuous sampling techniques for measurements that involve raw or dilute sampling. Make sure continuous sampling systems meet the specifications in § 1065.145 of this part. Make sure continuous analyzers meet the specifications in subparts C and D of this part.

§ 1065.170 Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents. Batch sampling involves collecting and storing emissions for later analysis. Examples of batch sampling include collecting and storing gaseous emissions in a bag and collecting and storing PM on a filter. You may use batch sampling to store emissions that have been diluted at least once in some way, such as via CVS, PFD, or BMD. You may use batch sampling to store undiluted emissions only if we approve it as an alternate procedure under § 1065.10. ( a) Sampling methods. For batch sampling, extract the sample at a rate proportional to the exhaust flow. If you extract from a constant volume flow rate, sample at a constant volume flow rate. If you extract from a varying flow rate, vary the sample rate in proportion to the varying flow rate. Validate proportional sampling after an emission test as described in § 1065.545. Use storage media that do not change measured emission levels ( either up or down). For example, do not use sample bags for storing emissions if the bags are permeable with respect to emissions or if they offgas emissions. As another example, do not use PM filters that irreversibly absorb or adsorb gases. ( b) Gaseous sample storage media. Store gas volumes in sufficiently clean containers that minimally off gas or allow permeation of gases. Use good engineering judgment to determine acceptable thresholds of storage media cleanliness and permeation. To clean a container, you may repeatedly purge and evacuate a container and you may heat it. Use a flexible container ( such as a bag) within a temperature controlled environment, or use a temperature controlled rigid container that is initially evacuated or has a volume that can be displaced, such as a piston and cylinder arrangement. Use containers meeting the specifications in the following table, noting that you may request to use other container materials under § 1065.10: 221 Table 1 of § 1065.170   Gaseous Batch Sampling Container Materials Emissions Engines Compression ignition Two stroke spark ignition 4 stroke spark ignition < 19 kW All other engines CO, CO 2, O 2, CH 4, C 2 H 6, C 3 H 8, NO, NO 2 1 Tedlar   , 2 Kynar   , 2 Teflon   , 3 or 300 series stainless steel 3 Tedlar   , 2 Kynar   , 2 Teflon   , 3 or 300 series stainless steel 3 THC, NMHC Teflon   4 or 300 series stainless steel 4 Tedlar   , 2 Kynar   , 2 Teflon   , 3 or 300 series stainless steel 3 1 as long as you prevent aqueous condensation in storage container. 2 up to 40

C. 3 up to 202

C. 4 at ( 191 + 11)

C.

( c) PM sample media. Apply the following methods for sampling particulate emissions: ( 1) If you use filter based sampling media to extract and store PM for measurement, your procedure must meet the following specifications: ( i) If you expect that a filter's total surface concentration of PM will exceed 0.473 mm/ mm2 for a given test interval, you may use filter media with a minimum initial collection efficiency of 98 %; otherwise you must use a filter media with a minimum initial collection efficiency of 99.7 %. Collection efficiency must be measured as described in ASTM D 2986 95a ( incorporated by reference in § 1065.1010), though you may rely on the sample media manufacturer's measurements reflected in their product ratings to show that you meet applicable requirements. ( ii) The filter must be circular, with an overall diameter of 46.50 + 0.6 mm and an exposed diameter of at least 38 mm. See the cassette specifications in paragraph ( c)( 1)( vi) of this section. ( iii) We highly recommend that you use a pure PTFE filter material that does not have any flow through support bonded to the back and has an overall thickness of 40 + 20 µ m. An inert polymer ring may be bonded to the periphery of the filter material for support and for sealing between the filter cassette parts. We consider Polymethylpentene ( PMP) and PTFE inert materials for a support ring, but other inert materials may be used. See the cassette specifications in paragraph ( c)( 1)( v) of this section. We allow the use of PTFE coated glass fiber filter material, as long as this filter media selection does not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards, which we base on a pure PTFE filter material. Note that we will use pure PTFE filter material for compliance testing, and we may require you to use pure PTFE filter material for any compliance testing we require, such as for selective enforcement audits. ( iv) You may request to use other filter materials or sizes under the provisions of § 1065.10. ( v) To minimize turbulent deposition and to deposit PM evenly on a filter, use a 12.5  ( from center) divergent cone angle to transition from the transfer line inside diameter to the exposed diameter of the filter face. Use 300 series stainless steel for this transition. 222 ( vi) Maintain sample velocity at the filter face at or below 100 cm/ s, where filter face velocity is the measured volumetric flow rate of the sample at the pressure and temperature upstream of the filter face, divided by the filter's exposed area. ( vii) Use a clean cassette designed to the specifications of Figure 1 of § 1065.170 and made of any of the following materials: Delrin   , 300 series stainless steel, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ( ABS) resin, or conductive polypropylene. We recommend that you keep filter cassettes clean by periodically washing or wiping them with a compatible solvent applied using a lint free cloth. Depending upon your cassette material, ethanol ( C 2 H 5 OH) might be an acceptable solvent. Your cleaning frequency will depend on your engine's PM and HC emissions. ( viii) If you store filters in cassettes in an automatic PM sampler, cover or seal individual filter cassettes after sampling to prevent communication of semi volatile matter from one filter to another. ( 2) You may use other PM sample media that we approve under § 1065.10, including nonfiltering techniques. For example, you might deposit PM on an inert substrate that collects PM using electrostatic, thermophoresis, inertia, diffusion, or some other deposition mechanism, as approved. 223 [ NOTE TO PRINTER   INSERT Figure 1 of § 1065.170 HERE] 224 § 1065.190 PM stabilization and weighing environments for gravimetric analysis. ( a) This section describes the two environments required to stabilize and weigh PM for gravimetric analysis: the PM stabilization environment, where filters are stored before weighing; and the weighing environment, where the balance is located. The two environments may share a common space. These volumes may be one or more rooms, or they may be much smaller, such as a glove box or an automated weighing system consisting of one or more countertop sized environments. ( b) We recommend that you keep both the stabilization and the weighing environments free of ambient contaminants, such as dust, aerosols, or semi volatile material that could contaminate PM samples. We recommend that these environments conform with an " as built" Class Six clean room specification according to ISO 14644 1 ( incorporated by reference in § 1065.1010); however, we also recommend that you deviate from ISO 14644 1 as necessary to minimize air motion that might affect weighing. We recommend maximum air supply and air return velocities of 0.05 m/ s in the weighing environment. ( c) Verify the cleanliness of the PM stabilization environment using reference filters, as described in § 1065.390( b). ( d) Maintain the following ambient conditions within the two environments during all stabilization and weighing: ( 1) Ambient temperature and tolerances. Maintain the weighing environment at a tolerance of ( 22 + 1)  C. If the two environments share a common space, maintain both environments at a tolerance of ( 22 + 1)  C. If they are separate, maintain the stabilization environment at a tolerance of ( 22 + 3)  C. ( 2) Dewpoint. Maintain a dewpoint of 9.5  C in both environments. This dewpoint will control the amount of water associated with sulfuric acid ( H 2 SO 4) PM, such that 1.1368 grams of water will be associated with each gram of H 2 SO 4. ( 3) Dewpoint tolerances. If the expected fraction of sulfuric acid in PM is unknown, we recommend controlling dewpoint at within + 1  C tolerance. This would limit any dewpointrelated change in PM to less than + 2 %, even for PM that is 50 % sulfuric acid. If you know your expected fraction of sulfuric acid in PM, we recommend that you select an appropriate dewpoint tolerance for showing compliance with emission standards using the following table as a guide:

Table 1 of § 1065.190   Dewpoint tolerance as a function of % PM change and % sulfuric acid PM Expected sulfuric acid fraction of PM + 0.5 % PM mass + 1.0 % PM mass + 2.0 % PM 5 % + 3.0  C + 6.0  C + 12  C 50 % + 0.30  C + 0.60  C + 1.2  C 100 % + 0.15  C + 0.30  C + 0.60  C ( e) Verify the following ambient conditions using measurement instruments that meet the specifications in subpart C of this part: 225 ( 1) Continuously measure dewpoint and ambient temperature. Use these values to determine if the stabilization and weighing environments have remained within the tolerances specified in paragraph ( c) of this section for at least the past 60 min. We recommend that you provide an interlock that automatically prevents the balance from reporting values if either of the environments have not been within the applicable tolerances for the past 60 min.

( 2) Continuously measure atmospheric pressure within the weighing environment. You may use a shared atmospheric pressure meter as long as you can show that your equipment for handling the weighing environment air maintains ambient pressure at the balance within + 100 Pa of the shared atmospheric pressure. Provide a means to record the most recent atmospheric pressure when you weigh each PM sample. Use this value to calculate the PM buoyancy correction in § 1065.690.

( f) We recommend that you install a balance as follows:

( 1) Install the balance on a vibration isolation platform to isolate it from external noise and vibration.

( 2) Shield the balance from convective airflow with a static dissipating draft shield that is electrically grounded.

( 3) Follow the balance manufacturer's specifications for all preventive maintenance.

( 4) Operate the balance manually or as part of an automated weighing system.

( g) Minimize static electric charge in the balance environment, as follows:

( 1) Electrically ground the balance.

( 2) Use 300 series stainless steel tweezers if PM samples must be handled manually.

( 3) Ground tweezers with a grounding strap, or provide a grounding strap for the operator such that the grounding strap shares a common ground with the balance. Make sure grounding straps have an appropriate resistor to protect operators from accidental shock.

( 4) Provide a static electricity neutralizer that is electrically grounded in common with the balance to remove static charge from PM samples, as follows:

( i) You may use radioactive neutralizers such as a Polonium ( 210Po) source. Replace radioactive sources at the intervals recommended by the neutralizer manufacturer.

( ii) You may use other neutralizers, such as corona discharge ionizers. If you use a corona discharge ionizer, we recommend that you monitor it for neutral net charge according to the ionizer manufacturer's recommendations.

( 5) We recommend that you use a device to monitor the static charge of PM sample media surfaces.

( 6) We recommend that you neutralize PM sample media to within + 2.0 V of neutral.

§ 1065.195 PM stabilization environment for in situ analyzers.

( a) This section describes the environment required to determine PM in situ. For in situ analyzers, such as an inertial balance, this is the environment within a PM sampling system that surrounds the PM sample media. This is typically a very small volume.

( b) Maintain the environment free of ambient contaminants, such as dust, aerosols, or semi volatile material that could contaminate PM samples. Filter all air used for stabilization with 226 HEPA filters. Ensure that HEPA filters are installed properly so that background PM does not leak past the HEPA filters.

( c) Maintain the following thermodynamic conditions within the environment before measuring PM:

( 1) Ambient temperature. Select a nominal ambient temperature, T amb, between ( 42 and 52)

 C. Maintain the ambient temperature within + 1.0  C of the selected nominal value.

( 2) Dewpoint. Select a dewpoint, T dew, that corresponds to T amb such that T dew = ( 0.95. T amb  11.40)  C. The resulting dewpoint will control the amount of water associated with sulfuric acid ( H 2 SO 4) PM, such that 1.1368 grams of water will be associated with each gram of H 2 SO 4. For example, if you select a nominal ambient temperature of 47  C, set a dewpoint of 33.3  C.

( 3) Dewpoint tolerance. If the expected fraction of sulfuric acid in PM is unknown, we recommend controlling dewpoint within + 1.0  C. This would limit any dewpoint related change in PM to less than + 2 %, even for PM that is 50 % sulfuric acid. If you know your expected fraction of sulfuric acid in PM, we recommend that you select an appropriate dewpoint tolerance for showing compliance with emission standards using Table 1 of § 1065.190 as a guide:

( 4) Absolute pressure. Maintain an absolute pressure of ( 80.000 to 103.325) kPa. Use good engineering judgment to maintain a more stringent tolerance of absolute pressure if your PM measurement instrument requires it.

( d) Continuously measure dewpoint, temperature, and pressure using measurement instruments that meet the PM stabilization environment specifications in subpart C of this part. Use these values to determine if the in situ stabilization environment is within the tolerances specified in paragraph ( c) of this section. Do not use any PM quantities that are recorded when any of these parameters exceed the applicable tolerances.

( e) If you use an inertial PM balance, we recommend that you install it as follows:

( 1) Isolate the balance from any external noise and vibration that is within a frequency range that could affect the balance.

( 2) Follow the balance manufacturer's specifications.

( f) If static electricity affects an inertial balance, you may use a static neutralizer, as follows:

( 1) You may use a radioactive neutralizer such as a Polonium ( 210Po) source or a Krypton ( 85Kr) source. Replace radioactive sources at the intervals recommended by the neutralizer manufacturer.

( 2) You may use other neutralizers, such as a corona discharge ionizer. If you use a coronadischarge ionizer, we recommend that you monitor it for neutral net charge according to the ionizer manufacturer's recommendations.

Subpart C   Measurement Instruments 227 § 1065.201 Overview and general provisions. ( a) Scope. This subpart specifies measurement instruments and associated system requirements related to emission testing in a laboratory and in the field. This includes laboratory instruments and portable emission measurement systems ( PEMS) for measuring engine parameters, ambient conditions, flow related parameters, and emission concentrations.

( b) Instrument types. You may use any of the specified instruments as described in this subpart to perform emission tests. If you want to use one of these instruments in a way that is not specified in this subpart, or if you want to use a different instrument, you must first get us to approve your alternate procedure under § 1065.10. Where we specify more than one instrument for a particular measurement, we may identify which instrument serves as the reference for showing that an alternative procedure is equivalent to the specified procedure.

( c) Measurement systems. Assemble a system of measurement instruments that allows you to show that your engines comply with the applicable emission standards, using good engineering judgment. When selecting instruments, consider how conditions such as vibration, temperature, pressure, humidity, viscosity, specific heat, and exhaust composition ( including trace concentrations) may affect instrument compatibility and performance.

( d) Redundant systems. For all measurement instruments described in this subpart, you may use data from multiple instruments to calculate test results for a single test. If you use redundant systems, use good engineering judgment to use multiple measured values in calculations or to disregard individual measurements. Note that you must keep your results from all measurements, as described in § 1065.25. This requirements applies whether or not you actually use the measurements in your calculations.

( e) Range. You may use an instrument's response above 100 % of its operating range if this does not affect your ability to show that your engines comply with the applicable emission standards. Note that we require additional testing and reporting if an analyzer responds above 100 % of its range. See § 1065.550. Auto ranging analyzers do not require additional testing or reporting.

( f) Related subparts for laboratory testing. Subpart D of this part describes how to evaluate the performance of the measurement instruments in this subpart. In general, if an instrument is specified in a specific section of this subpart, its calibration and verifications are typically specified in a similarly numbered section in subpart D of this part. For example, § 1065.290 gives instrument specifications for PM balances and § 1065.390 describes the corresponding calibrations and verifications. Note that some instruments also have other requirements in other sections of subpart D of this part. Subpart B of this part identifies specifications for other types of equipment, and subpart H of this part specifies engine fluids and analytical gases.

( g) Field testing and testing with PEMS. Subpart J of this part describes how to use these and other measurement instruments for field testing and other PEMS testing.

§ 1065.202 Data updating, recording, and control.

Your test system must be able to update data, record data and control systems related to operator demand, the dynamometer, sampling equipment, and measurement instruments. Use data acquisition and control systems that can record at the specified minimum frequencies, as follows: 228 Table 1 of § 1065.202   Data recording and control minimum frequencies Applicable Test Protocol Section Measured Values Minimum Command and Control Frequency Minimum Recording Frequency § 1065.510 Speed and torque during a an engine step map 1 Hz 1 mean value per step § 1065.510 Speed and torque during an engine sweep map 5 Hz 1 Hz means § 1065.514 § 1065.530 Transient duty cycle reference and feedback speeds and torques 5 Hz 1 Hz means § 1065.514 § 1065.530 Steady state and ramped modal duty cycle reference and feedback speeds and torques 1 Hz 1 Hz § 1065.520 § 1065.530 § 1065.550 Continuous concentrations of raw or dilute analyzers N/ A 1 Hz § 1065.520 § 1065.530 § 1065.550 Batch concentrations of raw or dilute analyzers N/ A 1 mean value per test interval § 1065.530 § 1065.545 Diluted exhaust flow rate from a CVS with a heat exchanger upstream of the flow measurement N/ A 1 Hz § 1065.530 § 1065.545 Diluted exhaust flow rate from a CVS without a heat exchanger upstream of the flow measurement 5 Hz 1 Hz means § 1065.530 § 1065.545 Intake air or raw exhaust flow rate N/ A 1 Hz means § 1065.530 § 1065.545 Dilution air if actively controlled 5 Hz 1 Hz means § 1065.530 § 1065.545 Sample flow from a CVS that has a heat exchanger 1 Hz 1 Hz § 1065.530 § 1065.545 Sample flow from a CVS does not have a heat exchanger 5 Hz 1 Hz mean § 1065.205 Performance specifications for measurement instruments. Your test system as a whole must meet all the applicable calibrations, verifications, and testvalidation criteria specified in subparts D and F of this part or subpart J of this part for using PEMS and for performing field testing. We recommend that your instruments meet the specifications in Table 1 of this section for all ranges you use for testing. We also recommend that you keep any documentation you receive from instrument manufacturers showing that your instruments meet the specifications in Table 1 of this section. Table 1 of § 1065.205   Recommended performance specifications for measurement instruments Measurement Instrument Measured quantity symbol Complete System Rise time and Fall time Recording update frequency Accuracya Repeatabilitya Noisea Engine speed transducer f n 1 s 1 Hz means 2.0 % of pt. or 0.5 % of max. 1.0 % of pt. or 0.25 % of max. 0.05 % of max Engine torque transducer T 1 s 1 Hz means 2.0 % of pt. or 1.0 % of max. 1.0 % of pt. or 0.5 % of max 0.05 % of max.

Electrical work ( active power meter) W 1 s 1 Hz means 2.0 % of pt. or 0.5 % of max. 1.0 % of pt. or 0.25 % of max. 0.05 % of max General pressure transducer ( not a part of another instrument) p 5 s 1 Hz 2.0 % of pt. or 1.0 % of max. 1.0 % of pt. or 0.50 % of max. 0.1 % of max Atmospheric pressure meter used for PM stabilization and balance environments p atmos 50 s 5 times per hour 50 Pa 25 Pa 5 Pa General purpose atmospheric pressure meter p atmos 50 s 5 times per hour 250 Pa 100Pa 50 Pa Temperature sensor for PMstabilization and balance environments T 50 s 0.1 Hz 0.25   0.1 K 0.1   Other temperature sensor ( not a part of another instrument) T 10 s 0.5 Hz 0.4 % of pt. K or 0.2 % of max. K 0.2 % of pt. K or 0.1 % of max. K 0.1 % of max Dewpoint sensor for PM stabilization and balance environments T dew 50 s 0.1 Hz 0.25 K 0.1   0.02   Other dewpoint sensor T dew 50 s 0.1 Hz 1   0.5   0.1   Fuel flow meter ( Fuel totalizer in parentheses) m

5 s ( N/ A) 1 Hz ( N/ A) 2.0 % of pt. or 1.5 % of max. 1.0 % of pt. or 0.75 % of max. 0.5 % of max.

Total diluted exhaust meter ( CVS)

( With heat exchanger before meter) n

1 s ( 5 s) 1 Hz means ( 1 Hz) 2.0 % of pt. or 1.5 % of max. 1.0 % of pt. or 0.75 % of max. 1.0 % of max.

Dilution air, inlet air, exhaust, and sample flow meters n

1 s 1 Hz means of 5 Hz samples 2.5 % of pt. or 1.5 % of max. 1.25 % of pt. or 0.75 % of max. 1.0 % of max.

Continuous gas analyzer x 5 s 1 Hz 2.0 % of pt. or 2.0 % of meas. 1.0 % of pt. or 1.0 % of meas. 1.0 % of max.

Batch gas analyzer x N/ A N/ A 2.0 % of pt. or 2.0 % of meas. 1.0 % of pt. or 1.0 % of meas. 1.0 % of max.

Gravimetric PM balance m PM N/ A N/ A See § 1065.790 0.5 µ g N/ A Inertial PM balance m PM 5 s 1 Hz 2.0 % of pt. or 2.0 % of meas. 1.0 % of pt. or 1.0 % of meas. 0.2 % of max. 230 a Accuracy, repeatability, and noise are all determined with the same collected data, as described in § 1065.305, and based on absolute values. " pt." refers to the overall flowweighted mean value expected at the standard; " max." refers to the peak value expected at the standard over any test interval, not the maximum of the instrument's range;

" meas" refers to the actual flow weighted mean measured over any test interval. 231 r MEASUREMENT OF ENGINE PARAMETERS AND AMBIENT CONDITIONS § 1065.210 Work input and output sensors.