i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION COLLECTION 1( a) Title and Number of the Information Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1( b) Short Characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 NEED FOR AND USE OF THE COLLECTION 2( a) Need/ Authority for the Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2( b) Uses/ Users of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3 NON DUPLICATION, CONSULTATIONS, AND OTHER COLLECTION CRITERIA 3( a) Non duplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3( b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR Submission to OMB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3( c) Consultations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3( d) Effects of Less Frequent Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 3( e) General Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3( f) Confidentiality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3( g) Sensitive Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4 RESPONDENTS AND INFORMATION REQUESTED 4( a) Respondents/ NAICS Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4( b) Information Requested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4( b)( i) Data Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 4( b)( ii) Respondent Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 5 INFORMATION COLLECTED   AGENCY ACTIVITIES, COLLECTION METHODOLOGY, AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 5( a) Agency Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5( b) Collection Methodology and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 5( c) Small Entity Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5( d) Collection Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6 ESTIMATING BURDEN AND COST OF COLLECTION 6( a) Respondent Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6( a)( i) Burden to Public Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 6( a)( ii) Burden to Primacy Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 6( b) Respondent Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6( b)( i) Cost to Public Water Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 6( b)( ii) Cost to Primacy Agencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 6( c) Agency Burden and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 6( d) Estimating Respondent Universe and Total Burden and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 6( e) Bottom Line Burden Hours and Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 6( f) Reasons for Change in Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 6( g) Burden Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 ii APPENDICES Appendix A. Federal Register Notices Soliciting Comment on Information Collection Requests Appendix B. 1993 Information Collection Request for the Public Water Supply Program Appendix C. Information Collection Request for Stage 1 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts Rule Appendix D. Information Collection Requests for Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation ( List 1, List 2, and Inventory Correction Worksheet Documentation for the Addition of Perchlorate and Acetochlor) Appendix E. Information Collection Request for Radionuclides Rule Appendix F. Stage 1 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts Rule Spreadsheets Appendix G. Chemical Phase Regulation Spreadsheets Appendix H. Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Spreadsheets Appendix I. Radionuclides Spreadsheets Appendix J. Total Trihalomenthane Rule Spreadsheets Appendix K. Spreadsheets for Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the Surface Water Treatment Rule Appendix L. Explanation of the Burden Calculation Error for IOCs in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR Appendix M. Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements iii LIST OF EXHIBITS Exhibit 1: New Structure of OGWDW ICRs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Exhibit 2: PWS Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements Exhibit 3: Primacy Agency Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements Exhibit 4: Regulated Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Exhibit 5: EPA Requirements Exhibit 6: Collection Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Exhibit 7: Annual PWS Burden and Cost 2002 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Exhibit 8: Annual Primary Agency Burden and Cost 2002 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Exhibit 9: Bottom Line Annual Burden and Cost 2002 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Exhibit 10: Reasons for Change in Annual Burden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Exhibit 11: Restructuring Adjustments to the Annual Burden Inventory for the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Exhibit 12: Correction for Discrepancy in Current ICR Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Exhibit 13: Adjustments to PWS Burden from Previous ICR Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Exhibit 14: Adjustments to Primacy Agency Burden from Previous ICR Estimates . . . . . . . 55 Exhibit 15: Adjustments to Annual Burden Carried Forward from Previous ICR Estimates . 56 iv ACRONYMS AMWA Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies AWWA American Water Works Association ASDWA Association of State Drinking Water Administrators BATs Best Available Technologies CCR Consumer Confidence Report CCL Contaminant Candidate List CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFR Code of Federal Regulations CT Contact Time CWS Community Water System CWSS Community Water System Survey DBP Disinfection Byproduct DBPR Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule DDBP/ Chem/ Rads Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides DWSRF Drinking Water State Revolving Fund EA Economic Analysis EPA Environmental Protection Agency FBRR Filter Backwash Recycling Rule FR Federal Register FTE Full Time Equivalent FY Fiscal Year GWR Ground Water Rule HAA5 Haloacetic Acids ICR Information Collection Request ICW Information Correction Worksheet IESWTR Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule IOCs Inorganic Compounds LCR Lead and Copper Rule LT1ESWTR Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule LT2ESWTR Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule MCL Maximum Contaminant Level MCLG Maximum Contaminant Level Goal MDL Method Detection Limit MRDL Maximum Residual Disinfection Level mrem Millirem NAICS North American Industry Classification System NCOD National Contaminant Occurrence Database NDWAC National Drinking Water Advisory Council NIPDWRs National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations NPDWRs National Primary Drinking Water Regulations NTNCWS Nontransient Noncommunity Water System OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance OGWDW Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water O& M Operation and Maintenance  v OMB Office of Management and Budget pCi/ L PicoCuries per liter PN Public Notification PRA Paperwork Reduction Act PWS Public Water System PWSS Public Water System Supervision RegNeg Regulatory Negotiation RFA Regulatory Flexibility Analysis SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System SMF Standardized Monitoring Framework SNC Significant Non Compliance SOCs Synthetic Organic Compounds SWAP Source Water Assessment Program SWTR Surface Water Treatment Rule TCR Total Coliform Rule TNCWS Transient Noncommunity Water System TTHM Total Trihalomethane UCMR Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule UIC Underground Injection Program VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 1 Throughout this document, the terms " State" or " States" are used to refer to all types of primacy agencies. There are currently 57 primacy entities, including the 50 States, the District of Columbia, U. S. territories ( Puerto Rico, U. S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Northern Marianas), and Navajo Nation.

2 SDWIS replaced the Federal Reporting Data System as the national drinking water database of record on August 15, 1995.

1 1 IDENTIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION COLLECTION 1( a) Title and Number of the Information Collection Title: Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides Information Collection Request OMB Control Number: 2040 0204 EPA Tracking Number: 1896.02 1( b) Short Characterization The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water ( OGWDW) in the Office of Water at the United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA or the Agency) is responsible for managing the Public Water System Supervision ( PWSS) Program, a national program mandated by the Safe Drinking Water Act ( SDWA). Section 1412 of the SDWA requires EPA to establish National Primary Drinking Water Regulations ( NPDWRs) for contaminants that may adversely impact human health. The Act further requires EPA to monitor and enforce these regulations to ensure that the nation's drinking water dependably complies with the maximum contaminant levels ( MCLs)/ Maximum Residual Disinfectant Levels ( MRDLs), as stipulated in the Code of Federal Regulations ( CFR), 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart B.

Section 1445 of the SDWA stipulates that every drinking water supplier must conduct monitoring, maintain records, and provide such information as is needed for EPA to implement its monitoring and enforcement responsibilities with respect to the Act. State1 governments C in those States that have assumed primary enforcement responsibility ( primacy) for public water systems ( PWSs) under SDWA Section 1413 C ensure that PWSs are complying with these monitoring requirements. As part of the PWSS Program, the OGWDW uses the Safe Drinking Water Information System ( SDWIS) 2 to record some of the data collected as a result of NPDWR requirements. SDWIS is a database management system that assists EPA in tracking and interpreting monitoring data and other program related data. These data assist EPA in fulfilling its SDWA obligations.

This Information Collection Request ( ICR) was prepared in accordance with the February 1999 version of EPA's Guide to Writing Information Collection Requests Under the Paperwork Reduction Act ( PRA) of 1995 ( or " ICR Handbook") prepared by EPA's Office of Environmental Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 3 EPA has organized UCMR contaminants into three lists based on analytical method readiness and current contaminant occurrence data; specifically: List 1 ( Assessment Monitoring), List 2 ( Screening Survey), and List 3 ( Pre Screen Testing). Only List 1 and 2 contaminants are addressed in this ICR, as monitoring for List 3 contaminants will be required only after future rulemakings specify analytical methods for List 3 contaminants. For simplicity, UCMR assessment monitoring for List 1 contaminants and screening survey monitoring for List 2 contaminants are hereafter referred to as List 1 and List 2.

4 Includes only the rule components relating to disinfectant residual monitoring and associated activities. Under the SWTR, systems disinfecting, but not filtering their water, must comply with monitoring requirements for disinfection residuals in the distribution system and disinfection parameters at or near the first customer. Monitoring of disinfection parameters for finished water must include the disinfectant residual levels, disinfectant contact time, pH, and water temperature. In addition, systems must identify the disinfectant used and must calculate the contact time ( CT) value on the basis of the disinfection parameters. The CT value is used to determine the operating efficiency in removing or inactivating Giardia and viruses. All remaining SWTR requirements are included in the Microbial ICR.

2 Information, Office of Information Collection, Collection Strategies Division. The ICR Handbook provides the most current instructions for ICR preparation to ensure compliance with the 1995 PRA amendments and Office of Management and Budget's ( OMB's) implementing guidelines.

Many information collection requirements associated with the SDWA and its implementing regulations are associated with rulemakings that address specific contaminants or groups of contaminants. This ICR examines PWS and primacy agency burden and cost. EPA burden and cost are included for chemical contaminants only. Microbial contaminants, such as those regulated under the Total Coliform Rule ( TCR), are addressed in the Microbial ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0205). Cross cutting recordkeeping and reporting requirements C i. e., the burden and cost for complying with drinking water information requirements that are not associated with contaminant specific rulemakings C are addressed in the PWSS Program ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0090).

The specific chemical regulations addressed in this ICR include the following C 1) Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule ( Stage 1 DBPR) 2) Chemical Phase Rules ( Phases II/ IIB/ V) 3) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule ( UCMR), Lists 1 and 23 4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule 5) Total Trihalomethanes ( TTHM) Rule 6) Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the Surface Water Treatment Rule ( SWTR) 4 This ICR estimates costs for years 2002, 2003, and 2004. In the future, OGWDW will amend the Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ( DDBP/ Chem/ Rads) ICR to include Lead and Copper Rule ( LCR) burden, which is currently addressed in a separate ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0210); the LCR ICR expires in September 2002. The burden for LCR through 2004 will be amended to this ICR. Future renewals of this ICR will include the burden for LCR for the entire 3 year ICR renewal period. Similarly, burden for the Arsenic Rule, which Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 3 is also currently addressed in a separate ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0231), will be amended to the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR when it expires in January 2004.

In addition, future chemical related rulemakings, such as Radon and the Stage 2 DBPR, will be added to this ICR as amendments when regulations are finalized. New rule ICRs explain the burden up to the point that a rule is fully implemented, which is usually more than 3 years. However, only the applicable burden which corresponds to the 3 year period covered in this ICR will be amended. Future renewals of this ICR will include the applicable burden for the new rules for the entire 3 year ICR renewal period. For example, if a chemical related rule is promulgated in January of 2003, the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR will be amended to add the burden for the new rule for 2003 and 2004. For the next renewal of the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR, the burden will cover the new rule for the entire 3 year renewal period.

For several rules ( Chemical Phases II, IIB, and V; 1976 Radionuclides Rule; TTHM Rule; and SWTR), this ICR updates and augments the burden and cost estimates provided in the ICR for the PWSS Program dated December 20, 1993, which expires on September 30, 2001 ( see Appendix B). The Stage 1 DBPR ICR is being renamed as the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. In addition, it updates and augments the Stage 1 DBPR ICR burden ( the predecessor ICR to this ICR; OMB No. 2040 0204), the UCMR ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0208), and the 2000 Radionuclides ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0228). Burden and costs for all of these rules are consolidated into this ICR.

The total annual burden associated with this ICR is estimated to be 4.34 million hours per year. The total annual cost associated with this ICR is estimated to be approximately $ 261.7 million. The distribution of annual burden between PWSs and primacy agencies is approximately 2.51 million hours and 1.83 million hours, respectively. The distribution of annual costs between PWSs and primacy agencies is approximately $ 208.8 million and $ 52.9 million, respectively. The Agency burden for this ICR is estimated at 13,549 hours annually, at an annual cost of $ 3.0 million. Section 6 and Appendices F through K provide details of all burden and cost estimates.

The approximate annual O& M and capital costs are $ 148.5 million ($ 142.2 million for O& M and $ 6.3 million for capital). This represents the " cost burden" as reported in the OMB inventory. Note that these costs are for PWSs only; primacy agencies do not have capital or O& M costs associated with the rules in this ICR.

The total annual number of respondents for this ICR is 167,894; 57 of these respondents are primacy agencies and the remaining respondents are existing PWSs. The total annual number of responses for these respondents is 2.67 million ( 1.67 million for PWSs and 1.00 million for primacy agencies). Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 5 Ibid.

4 2 NEED FOR AND USE OF THE COLLECTION 2( a) Need/ Authority for the Collection This section identifies the regulatory or statutory authority for the information collection activities covered in this ICR and explains EPA's need for the information. Section 4 of this ICR contains a summary of the major types of recordkeeping and reporting requirements for chemical contaminants covered by this ICR.

To allow the public to better understand the impact of the recordkeeping and reporting requirements stemming from the SDWA and 40 CFR Parts 141 and 142, OGWDW has reorganized its ICRs so that related activities are addressed in the same ICR.

ICR includes rules addressing chemical contaminants. The specific chemical regulations addressed in this ICR are C 1) Stage 1 DBPR 2) Chemical Phase Rules ( Phases II/ IIB/ V) 3) UCMR, Lists 1 and 2 4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule 5) TTHM Rule 6) Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the SWTR5 When the LCR ICR expires in September 2002, OGWDW will amend the ICR to include the LCR burden, which is currently addressed in a separate ICR. Similarly, burden for the Arsenic Rule, which is also currently addressed in a separate ICR will be amended to the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR when it expires in January 2004. In addition, future chemical related rulemakings, such as Radon and the Stage 2 DBPR, will be added to this ICR as amendments when the regulations are finalized.

For a graphical depiction of the previous structure of the OGWDW ICRs, see Figure 1. The ICRs have been restructured as shown in Figure 2. A complete itemization of the activities included in the three primary ICRs, as well as other drinking water program ICRs, is included as Exhibit 1. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 5 Figure 1. Previous Structure of OGWDW ICRs Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 6 Figure 2. Restructure of OGWDW ICRs 6 Disinfectant residual monitoring and associated activities are included in this ICR.

7 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Exhibit 1 New Structure of OGWDW ICRs Activity ICR in which Activity is Currently Covered Expiration Date PWSS Program ICR ( 2040 0090)

Consumer Confidence Reports ( CCRs) CCR ICR, 2040 0201 9/ 30/ 01 Primacy Regulation Activities Primacy Regulation ICR, 2040 0195 9/ 30/ 01 Variances & Exemptions 1993 PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 ( via a 1998 Amendment) 9/ 30/ 01 The Capacity Development Program New Activity N/ A General State Primacy Activities 1993 PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Public Notification ( PN) ( to be added to the PWSS Program ICR when the PN ICR expires) PN ICR, 2040 0209 6/ 30/ 02 Operator Certification Guidelines and Expense Reimbursement Grants Program ( to be added to the PWSS Program ICR when the program specific ICR expires) Operator Certification Guidelines and Expense Reimbursement Grants Program ICR, 2040 0236 9/ 30/ 03 Microbial ICR ( 2040 0205)

Surface Water Treatment Rule, except disinfectant residual monitoring and associated activities6 1993 PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Total Coliform Rule 1993 PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule ( IESWTR) 1998 IESWTR ICR, 2040 0205 11/ 30/ 01 Filter Backwash Recycling Rule 2001 FBRR ICR, 2040 0224 8/ 31/ 04 Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule ( LT1ESWTR) ( to be added to the Microbial Program ICR when the program specific ICR expires) LT1ESWTR 2040 0229 10/ 31/ 04 Laboratory Quality Assurance Program ( to be added to the Microbial ICR when the program specific ICR expires) New Activity for which a new ICR will be developed. Approx. 12/ 31/ 04 Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule ( LT2ESWTR) Future addition N/ A Ground Water Rule Future addition N/ A Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Activity ICR in which Activity is Currently Covered Expiration Date 8 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR ( 2040 0204)

Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule Stage 1 DBPR ICR, 2040 0204 11/ 30/ 01 Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the SWTR PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Total Trihalomethanes Rule PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Phases I, II, and V PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 1976 Inorganic Compounds ( IOCs) PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Lead and Copper Rule LCR ICR, 2040 0210 9/ 30/ 02 Arsenic Rule Arsenic ICR, 2040 0231 1/ 31/ 04 Radionuclides, 1976 Rule PWSS Program ICR, 2040 0090 9/ 30/ 01 Radionuclides, 2000 Rule Rads ICR, 2040 0228 11/ 30/ 03 Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule UCMR ICR, 2040 0208 12/ 31/ 03 Stage 2 DBPR Future addition N/ A Radon Future addition N/ A Source Water Assessment Program ( SWAP) ICR ( 2040 0197)

SWAP SWAP ICR, 2040 0197 10/ 31/ 04 Underground Injection Control ( UIC) Program ICR ( 2040 0042)

UIC Base Program Activities UIC Program ICR, 2040 0042 9/ 30/ 01 Class V Rule Class V ICR, 2040 0214 11/ 30/ 02 Florida Class I Rule Future addition N/ A Drinking Water State Revolving Fund ( DWSRF) ICR ( 2040 0185)

Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program DWSRF ICR, 2040 0185 6/ 30/ 03 Needs Survey ICR ( 2040 0198)

1999 Needs Survey ( complete) Needs Survey ICR, 2040 0198 10/ 31/ 01 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 9 The 1986 Amendments to SDWA require the Agency to publish maximum contaminant level goals ( MCLGs) and promulgate NPDWRs for 83 specific contaminants. Promulgation of the chemical related rules contained in this ICR complies with the statutory requirements for some of these contaminants. Promulgation of the Stage 1 DBPR complies with the amended statutory requirements for these contaminants.

In addition, the 1986 SDWA Amendments require the EPA to propose and promulgate a NPDWR specifying criteria under which filtration would be required as a treatment technique for public water systems supplied by surface water sources ( Section 1412 ( b)( 7)( C)( i)). Promulgation of the SWTR satisfies this SDWA requirement.

The information collected under this ICR is required by EPA to carry out its monitoring and enforcement responsibilities under SDWA. Without comprehensive, up to date information on chemical contaminants present in drinking water, the Agency would not be able to meet the SDWA statutory requirements.

Section 1401 of the SDWA requires that   there must be criteria and standards to assure a supply of drinking water which dependably complies with such maximum contaminant levels; including quality control and testing procedures to insure compliance with such levels and to insure proper operation and maintenance of the system...

Further, § 1445 of the SDWA requires that   every person who is a supplier of water shall establish and maintain such records, make such reports, conduct such monitoring, and provide such information as the Administrator may reasonably require by regulation to assist him in establishing regulations, in determining whether such person has acted or is in compliance with this title...

In addition, § 1401( 1)( d) of the SDWA 1996 Amendments defines NPDWRs to include " criteria and procedures to assure a supply of drinking water which dependably complies with such maximum contaminant levels; including accepted methods for quality control and testing procedures ..." This section authorizes EPA to require systems and laboratories to use Agencyapproved methods and quality assurance criteria for collecting and analyzing water samples.

To implement its compliance oversight and enforcement responsibilities under the SDWA, EPA requires PWSs to monitor for various drinking water contaminants. The results of this monitoring must be reported to primacy agencies, which in turn report a specified subset of this information in SDWIS. Additionally, both PWSs and primacy agencies must maintain records of analysis results and other related activities ( e. g., sanitary survey results). Without comprehensive, up to date information on drinking water contamination ( as provided by SDWIS), EPA would not be able to ensure a supply of drinking water which dependably complies with such maximum Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 10 contaminant levels. If these monitoring requirements were voluntary, EPA would not receive timely, comprehensive data on contaminant levels and associated acute and long term public health risks. Specifically, voluntary monitoring would not

Reliably occur with sufficient frequency.

Follow uniform national standards on quality of sampling, collection, and analysis.

Ensure that monitoring addresses all contaminants listed in the regulations.

Thus, without this information collection, EPA would not be able to guarantee safe drinking water for the nation.

Additionally, EPA uses SDWIS data to estimate the costs of new regulations and to conduct economic and policy analyses that promote cost effective regulatory approaches. These uses are discussed in more detail in Section 2( b) below.

Section 4 of the ICR contains a summary of the major types of chemical contaminant recordkeeping and reporting requirements, as mandated by 40 CFR Parts 141 and 142. Specifically, most reporting required by PWSs can be found in § § 141.31, 141.134, and 141.35. Most recordkeeping requirements for PWSs are codified in § 141.33, which requires that the results of chemical analyses be kept for a period of at least 10 years. Reporting and recordkeeping required by States can be found in § § 142.15 and 142.14, respectively.

2( b) Uses/ Users of the Data 2( b)( i) Uses of the Data Primary users of the data collected under this ICR are EPA Headquarters, PWS managers, and primacy agencies, which include State regulators, Indian Tribes, and, in some instances, EPA Regional Administrators. This section contains more information about how chemical related data are used specifically for analytical monitoring, regulatory enforcement, oversight of State programs, economic and policy analyses, and other Agency and public data evaluations. Each of these functions is discussed in greater detail below.

Analytical Monitoring PWSs maintain records on the analytical results of monitoring and use these data toC

Evaluate the quality of water delivered to customers.

Examine treatment efficacy.

Determine compliance with national standards.

Modify monitoring frequencies and schedules and variances to address potential health risks. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 7 The burden associated with implementing the PN requirements is currently addressed in the Public Notification ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0209); when the PN ICR expires it will be integrated into the PWSS Program ICR.

11

Alert the public, through notices in the mass media or water bills, when the system is not in compliance with Federal and State regulations so that they may take actions to minimize exposure to potentially harmful drinking water contaminants. 7 Quarterly and annual reports that primacy agencies must submit to EPA include analytical results, by contaminant type, for each PWS. This reporting is required to establish primacy and maintain eligibility for grants. All of this information is stored in SDWIS, which supports overall maintenance and retrieval of information. SDWIS contains information on the following: inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, radionuclides, microbiological contaminants, and turbidity. Thus, SDWIS allows EPA to compare water system level compliance data from year to year and to analyze compliance trends at the system, State, and national program levels.

Regulatory Enforcement Using SDWIS, system level compliance data may be compared from year to year and trends in compliance data can be evaluated at the system, State, and national program levels. Primacy agencies are responsible for enforcement activities and can use SDWIS data to track compliance progress in their jurisdictions, to identify enforcement targets and systems requiring remedial action, and to monitor progress of capacity development strategies. The primacy agency must also track enforcement actions issued against each PWS not in compliance with drinking water standards and evaluate the system's status in meeting schedules designed to return the PWS to compliance.

On a quarterly basis, EPA uses SDWIS to generate a list of PWSs that are in significant non compliance ( SNC). EPA can use these data to oversee State programs and support Federal enforcement actions in cases where States fail to enforce against violations of drinking water standards. If a State has failed to take timely and appropriate action, EPA may become directly involved in enforcement by issuing an administrative order. If the system does not comply with the order, EPA may seek an administrative penalty or court action. EPA may also take action against a PWS before it is in SNC.

Another output of SDWIS evaluations is an annual compliance report prepared jointly by OGWDW and the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance ( OECA), which provides a national perspective on contaminant by contaminant trends in compliance. This report allows OGWDW managers to examine important policy questions relating to enforcement. For example, managers may use this information to determine if current regulations and implementing policies are producing intended results. If not, they may then identify the types of changes needed to meet program objectives. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 12 Oversight of State Programs State reporting is a condition for maintaining primacy. Primacy agencies play a crucial role in implementing the SDWA, and EPA is charged with overseeing the performance of these States. Generally, EPA Regional Offices perform this duty and use SDWIS data to develop summary statistics on individual State performance.

In addition, EPA uses the data to evaluate the impact of SDWA requirements on primacy agencies. The data allow EPA to gauge if it has accurately estimated the impact of the SDWA on States implementing and enforcing the various drinking water regulations. Such data provide EPA with the opportunity to improve program effectiveness and efficiency and identify areas requiring additional focus. Specifically, EPA uses the Resource Analysis Computer Program for State Drinking Water Agencies to support this State impact evaluation. The model contains a comprehensive list of activities required to operate a drinking water program.

Implementation Assistance EPA also uses the data collected to assist small systems in implementing SDWA requirements, including developing variances and exemptions and evaluating PWS capacity. If a PWS is unable to meet standard requirements due to source water quality or affordability concerns, a variance or exemption would allow the system to comply with slightly different drinking water standards or implementation schedules that are still protective of public health. Capacity development is a State effort to help all drinking water systems, particularly small systems, improve their finances, management, infrastructure, and operations. This helps ensure that safe drinking water is provided, consistently, reliably, and cost effectively.

Economic and Policy Analyses SDWIS data are used extensively in developing Economic Analyses ( EAs) of proposed new regulations or revisions of existing regulations. The data help to determine a system's susceptibility and vulnerability to contaminants, as well as the potential for co occurrence of contaminants. Data are also used by OGWDW to conduct analyses used in developing new policies, regulations, and guidance documents. When analyzing economic or financial impacts on the water supply industry or consumers, EPA uses compliance data from SDWIS, together with other national survey data, to estimate the number of systems that would have to install treatment technologies or apply contamination reduction measures to reduce public health risks. Without such data, EPA would be unable to predict costs and benefits that systems would incur under new or revised regulations.

Additionally, EPA uses such data to revise characterizations of public health and environmental risks. This information is then used to determine if less stringent regulation is warranted. For example, EPA will use the unregulated contaminant monitoring data to formulate future drinking water program regulations. Specifically, the data generated by the UCMR will be used to evaluate and prioritize contaminants on the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List ( CCL), a list of contaminants EPA is considering for possible new drinking water standards. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 13 These data will help to ensure that future decisions about drinking water standards are based on sound science.

2( b)( ii) Users of the Data The information collected by EPA is made available to the public upon request, as required by the Freedom of Information Act ( 40 CFR, Chapter 1, Part 2). In some cases, SDWA requires that the information be provided to the public or primacy agency. Other agencies that utilize the data include

Staff from other EPA programs ( such as Superfund, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance)

The Federal Emergency Management Administration

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC)

Military bases

Farmers Home Administration

Department of Interior

Department of Housing and Urban Development

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers

White House Task Forces

American Water Works Association

Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies

National Rural Water Association

National Association of Water Companies

Association of State Drinking Water Administrators

Natural Resources Defense Council

Consumers Federation of America

News Organizations Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 8 The FR notice references updates to the PWSS Program ICR, the original location of many of the chemical rule requirements contained in this ICR.

14 3 NON DUPLICATION, CONSULTATIONS, AND OTHER COLLECTION CRITERIA 3( a) Non duplication EPA has made an effort to ensure that the data collection efforts associated with this ICR are not duplicated. EPA has consulted State environmental programs, other Federal agencies ( such as CDC), and regulated entities ( such as PWSs and their representative trade associations). To the best of EPA's knowledge, data currently required by the SDWA ( and its implementing regulations codified at 40 CFR Parts 141 and 142) are not available from any other source.

3( b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR Submission to OMB To comply with the 1995 Amendments to the PRA, EPA solicited public comment on this ICR for a 60 day period before it was submitted to OMB. Specifically, EPA published a notice in the Federal Register requesting comment on the estimated respondent burden and other aspects of this ICR ( 66 Federal Register ( FR) 21926). 8 In addition, EPA published another FR notice ( 66 FR 29793) requesting comment on the Stage 1 DBPR and IESWTR. These notices are included in Appendix A.

3( c) Consultations As a standard regulatory development practice to promote public involvement, EPA formally solicits public comment on proposed drinking water rules. Before any rule is finalized, EPA logs and evaluates all written comments on proposed rules. Additionally, EPA usually holds public meetings during which any interested party may provide oral testimony for Agency consideration. Such meetings are typically announced in the Federal Register notice accompanying the proposed rule.

In the initial phases of program development, or to confirm assumptions on which rules or guidelines are based, EPA often augments formal meetings with other workshops or meetings to gather information. Throughout the development and implementation of various chemical regulations, OGWDW held numerous meetings with interested stakeholders, including State, EPA Regional, and PWS representatives, to identify the value and ease of collecting information Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 15 needed to fulfill SDWA obligations. Specific examples of meetings EPA held to address the chemical regulations contained in this ICR include

Consultations held for Chemical Phase Regulations, including   S July 12, 1989, meeting in Washington, DC for the Phase II and IIB Rules.

S September 25, 1990, meeting in Washington, DC for the Phase V Rule.

A Radionuclides Stakeholder Meeting on December 11 12, 1997. EPA consulted with a broad range of stakeholders and technical experts during the meeting and discussed a range of regulation development issues, including statutory requirements, the court stipulated agreement, MCLs for each of the radionuclides, new scientific information on health effects, occurrence, analytical methods, treatment technologies, and the current and proposed monitoring framework. Participants in EPA's stakeholder meeting included representatives from the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies ( AMWA), Association of State Drinking Water Administrators ( ASDWA), American Water Works Association ( AWWA), National Association of Water Companies, State departments of environmental protection, State health departments, State drinking water programs, Federal agencies, environmental groups, and city water systems.

To develop the Stage 1 DBPR, EPA instituted a formal regulatory negotiation ( RegNeg) process in 1992 with potentially affected parties ( 57 FR 53866; Nov 13, 1992). This RegNeg Committee included representatives from the water and other industries, State public health and regulatory agencies, environmental groups, consumer groups, and EPA.

Development of the UCMR included stakeholder meetings to discuss the contaminant list on a general basis. Additional meetings focused on particular issues and were conducted through the National Drinking Water Advisory Council's ( NDWAC's) Working Group on Occurrence and Contaminant Selection, as follows   S December 2 3, 1996 Stakeholders Meeting S April 3 4, 1997 NDWAC Working Group S June 23, 1997 NDWAC Working Group S July 17, 1997 NDWAC Working Group S January 7, 1998 NDWAC Conference Call Since the regulations covered by this ICR are not new, the typical consultations, workshops, and meetings were not held immediately prior to the development of this document. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 9 SMF was originally promulgated under the Phase II Rule and revised under Phase IIB and Phase V regulations ( CFR § § 141.23 141.25). It standardizes monitoring requirements within chemical contaminant groups and synchronizes monitoring schedules across chemical contaminant groups into specific 3 year compliance periods and 9 year compliance cycles.

16 3( d) Effects of Less Frequent Collection EPA has considered a wide range of alternatives for frequency of data collection. EPA has chosen to require the least frequent collection that remains consistent with the overall goal of protecting public health. If data are collected less frequently, primacy agencies may not identify in a timely fashion significant contaminant concentrations that might threaten the health and safety of drinking water consumers.

For the Chemical Phase, TTHM, and Stage 1 DBPR, the primacy agency has discretion in adjusting monitoring schedules, where possible. Monitoring frequencies have been carefully devised based on the following

Type of contaminant.

Type and size of system.

System vulnerability.

Contaminant history.

Factors contributing to DBP formation ( Stage 1 DBPR only).

Similarly, UCMR monitoring frequencies were determined based on statutory requirements, which specify that monitoring be varied based on the number of persons served by a system, contaminants likely to be found, and source of supply. The monitoring frequency design also considers that the number of persons served affects exposure to contaminants, as well as the resources available to undertake monitoring activity. Monitoring frequencies have been carefully devised based on the following factors

Data quality needed for a representative sample.

Precision and accuracy needed from the representative sample.

Number of people served by the system.

Source of the supply ( e. g., surface water or ground water).

Contaminants likely to be found.

Temporal variability in occurrence.

Synchronization with the Standardized Monitoring Framework ( SMF) for Phase II/ V. 9 For the UCMR, reduced data collection would seriously affect the integrity of the data and result in insufficient data to fulfill the needs envisioned by the 1996 SDWA Amendments. These data will be used for continued development of the CCL, support of the Administrator's regulatory determinations, and overall regulation development. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 17 3( e) General Guidelines This ICR was prepared in accordance with the February 1999 version of the ICR Handbook prepared by EPA's Office of Environmental Information, Office of Information Collection, Collection Strategies Division. The ICR Handbook provides the most current instructions for ICR preparation to ensure compliance with the 1995 PRA amendments and OMB's implementing guidelines.

3( f) Confidentiality No confidential information will be collected as a result of this ICR.

3( g) Sensitive Questions No information of a sensitive nature will be collected as a result of this ICR. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 18 4 RESPONDENTS AND INFORMATION REQUESTED 4( a) Respondents/ NAICS Codes Data associated with this ICR are collected and maintained at the PWS, State, and Federal levels. Respondents includeC

Owners/ operators of PWSs, who must report to their primacy agency.

Primacy agencies that must report to EPA Headquarters.

EPA Regional administrators, who must send reports and notices to PWS owners and States.

The North American Industry Classification System ( NAICS) code for PWSs is 22131. The NAICS code for State agencies that include drinking water programs are classified as 92411 ( Administration of Air and Water Resources and Solid Waste Management Programs) or 92312 ( Administration of Public Health Programs). Ancillary systems ( i. e., those that supplement the function of other establishments like factories, power plants, mobile home parks, etc.) cannot be categorized in a single NAICS code. For ancillary systems, the NAICS code is that of the primary establishment or industry.

4( b) Information Requested Exhibits 2 and 3 summarize the respondent information collection requirements covered by the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. These requirements are also discussed below. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 19 Exhibit 2 PWS Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period General Requirements ( apply to all regulations)

Reporting Except where a different period is specified in an individual drinking water regulation, PWSs are required to submit the following to the State:

Results of any test measurement or analysis required in 40 CFR Part 141.

Failure to comply with any NPDWR, including failure to monitor.

Copies of records required to be maintained under 141.33 and/ or copies of documents that the State is entitled to under Section 1445 of SDWA or State law. 40 CFR 141.31( a)

40 CFR 141.31( b) and ( c)

40 CFR 141.31( e) At the end of the required monitoring period As necessary, unless State lab performs analysis and reports results to State As requested Recordkeeping Except where a different period is specified in an individual drinking water regulation, PWSs are required to retain the following information:

Records of bacteriological or chemical analyses and related information.

Records of actions taken by the PWS to correct violations of NPDWRs.

Copies of any written reports, summaries, or communications relating to sanitary surveys.

Records concerning a variance or exemption granted. 40 CFR 141.33( a)

40 CFR 141.33( b)

40 CFR 141.33( c)

40 CFR 141.33( d) 5 years for bacteriological data; 10 years for chemical data 3 years after last action taken related to the violation 10 years 5 years following the expiration of the variance or exemption Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 20 Stage 1 DBPR Reporting Develop and submit to the State a plan for significant modifications to the treatment process.

For Subpart H systems serving more than 3,300 people ( and any others required by State), develop and submit a monitoring plan to the State.

Report to the State specified sampling information ( including MCL or MRDL exceedances) about disinfectants, disinfection byproducts, and disinfection byproduct precursors.

Systems that have made a commitment prior to the effective date of compliance with 141.30( b) to use technologies that will limit the levels of TTHMs and HAA5 to no more than 0.040/ L and 0.030 mg/ L, respectively, must submit evidence to the State of that irrevocable financial commitment ( in addition to a schedule containing milestones and periodic progress reports for installation and operation of appropriate technologies).

Develop and submit application to State for approval of alternative minimum TOC removal levels.

Develop and submit application to State for approval of waiver of enhanced coagulation requirements. 40 CFR 141.30( f)

40 CFR 141.132( f)

40 CFR 141.134( a) through ( d)

40 CFR 141.135( a)( 2)( iii)

40 CFR 141.135( b)( 3) and ( 4)

40 CFR 141.135( b)( 4)( v) As necessary One time Quarterly or as necessary for systems sampling less frequently than quarterly One time As necessary One time Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 21 Chemical Phase Rules ( Phases II, IIB, and V)

Reporting Apply to State for asbestos monitoring waiver.

Apply to State for IOC monitoring waiver.

Apply to the State to conduct more frequent IOC monitoring.

Apply to State for VOC monitoring waiver.

Apply to State for SOC monitoring waiver.

Notify State of MCL exceedances.

Submit written treatment technique certification to State regarding acrylamide and epichlorohydrin levels. 40 CFR 141.23( b)( 2) and ( 4)

40 CFR 141.23( c)( 2) and ( 3)

40 CFR 141.23( h)

40 CFR 141.24( f)( 7) and ( 10)

40 CFR 141.24( h)( 5) and 141.24( h)( 7)( iv)

40 CFR 141.23( m) through ( o)

40 CFR 141.111 Every 3 years, if applicable Every 9 years, if applicable One time, if applicable Every 6 years or frequency specified by State, if applicable Every 3 years, if applicable As necessary Annually, if applicable Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 22 UCMR ( List 1 and 2 Contaminants)

Reporting Report specified monitoring results.

Systems Serving More than 10,000 People Report the results of unregulated contaminant monitoring to EPA and provide a copy to the State.

Submit point of contact information, including updates if the information changes during the course of UCMR implementation.

Small Systems that are Part of State Monitoring Plan Notify the EPA designated laboratory if any materials received in sampling kits are missing or damaged.

Report if samples are not collected according to instructions and forward the sample reporting form, which explains the deviation, to the EPA designated laboratory.

Send samples and sampling forms to the EPAdesignated laboratory. 40 CFR 141.40( a)( 4)( i)( D)

40 CFR 141.35( b), ( c), and ( d)( 3)

40 CFR 141.35( d)( 1) through ( 2)

40 CFR 141.40( a)( 5)( iii)( D)

40 CFR 141.40( a)( 5)( iii)( C)

40 CFR 141.40( a)( 5)( iii)( G) through ( H) One time One time One time, unless updates are required As necessary As necessary One time 1976 Radionuclides Reporting Notify State of MCL exceedances for gross alpha particle activity or total radium.

Notify State of MCL exceedances for tritium and strontium 90. 40 CFR 141.26( a)( 4)

40 CFR 141.26( b)( 5) As necessary As necessary 2000 Radionuclides Reporting Notify State of MCL exceedances of contaminants specified in 141.66( b)( e). 40 CFR 141.26( c)( 5) As necessary Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 23 TTHM Reporting Report TTHM monitoring results to State and EPA until such requirements are adopted by State.

Report to the State any MCL exceedance.

Submit to the State a detailed plan for proposed significant modifications to the treatment process. 40 CFR 141.30( b)( 1) and 141.30( c)( 1)

40 CFR 141.30( d)

40 CFR 141.30( f) Varies depending on water source As necessary As necessary SWTR ( only disinfection residual monitoring and associated activities)

Subject to general requirements as listed above. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 24 Exhibit 3 Primacy Agency Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period General Requirements ( apply to all regulations)

Reporting Submit reports to the Administrator containing new violations by PWS and new enforcement actions by States that occurred during the previous quarter. 40 CFR 142.15( a)( 1) and ( 2) Quarterly Recordkeeping Maintain records of tests, measurements, analyses, decisions, and determinations performed on each PWS to determine compliance with applicable provisions of State primary drinking water regulations.

Retain files, which shall include for each PWS in the State, records of any State approvals and records of any enforcement actions. 40 CFR 142.14( a)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 2) and ( 3) Varies 12 years Stage 1 DBPR Reporting Review and make determination regarding approval of system plan for modifying treatment.

For Subpart H systems serving more than 3,300 people ( and any others required by State), review and make determination regarding approval of monitoring plan.

Review and make determination regarding approval of application for use of alternative minimum TOC removal levels.

Review and make determination regarding application for approval of waiver of enhanced coagulation requirements. 40 CFR 141.30( f)

40 CFR 141.132( f)

40 CFR 141.135( b)( 1)

40 CFR 141.135( b)( 4)( v) As necessary One time As necessary One time, as necessary Recordkeeping Records of the currently applicable or most recent State determinations, including all supporting information and an explanation of the technical basis for each decision, made under the following provisions of 40 CFR part 141, subpart L for the control of disinfectants and disinfection byproducts. 40 CFR 142.14( d)( 12) 12 years Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 25 Records of systems that are installing GAC or membrane technology.

Records of systems that are required, by the State, to meet alternative minimum TOC removal requirements or for whom the State has determined that the source water is not amenable to enhanced coagulation.

Records of subpart H systems using conventional treatment meeting any of the alternative compliance criteria.

A register of qualified operators that have met the State requirements.

Records of systems with multiple wells considered to be one treatment plant.

Monitoring plans for subpart H systems serving more than 3,300 persons.

List of laboratories approved for analyses.

List of systems required to monitor for disinfectants and disinfection byproducts in accordance with part 141, subpart L. 40 CFR 142.14( d)( 12)( i)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 12)( ii)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 12)( iii)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 12)( iv)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 13)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 14)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 15)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 16) 12 years 12 years 12 years 12 years 12 years 12 years 12 years 12 years Special Primacy Requirements An application for approval of a State program revision that adopts 40 CFR part 141, subpart L, must contain a description of how the State will accomplish the program requirements. 40 CFR 142.16( h) One time Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 26 Chemical Phase Rules ( Phases II, IIB, and V)

Reporting Make determination regarding asbestos waiver requests.

Make determination regarding IOC waiver requests.

Make determination regarding VOC waiver.

Make determination regarding SOC waiver requests. 40 CFR 141.23( b)( 3) and ( 4)

40 CFR 141.23( c)( 2) through ( 4)

40 CFR 141.24( f)( 7), ( 8), and ( 10)

40 CFR 141.24( h)( 5) and ( 6) 3 years, as necessary 9 years, as necessary 6 years or frequency specified by State, as necessary 3 years, as necessary Recordkeeping Records for most recent vulnerability determination, including monitoring results and other data supporting the determination, the State's findings, and any additional bases for such determination.

Records of all current monitoring requirements and most recent monitoring frequency decision pertaining to each contaminant, including the monitoring results and other data supporting the decision, the State's findings, and any additional bases for such decision.

Records of most recent asbestos repeat monitoring determination, including monitoring results and other data supporting the determination, the State's findings, and any additional bases for the determination and the repeat monitoring frequency.

Records of annual certifications received from systems pursuant to part 141, subpart K demonstrating the system's compliance with the treatment techniques for acrylamide and/ or epichlorohydrin. 40 CFR 142.14( d)( 4)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 5)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 6)

40 CFR 142.14( d)( 7) In perpetuity or until more current vulnerability determination has been issued In perpetuity or until a more recent monitoring frequency decision has been issued In perpetuity or until more current repeat monitoring determination has been issued 12 years Special Primacy Requirements Application for approval of a State program revision that adopts 141.11, 141.23, 141.24, 141.61, and 141.62. 40 CFR 142.16( e) One time Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 27 UCMR ( List 1 and 2 Contaminants)

Reporting Notify systems of their monitoring responsibilities under the State Monitoring Plan for List 1contaminants, including sending monitoring schedule and instructions to systems.

Inform EPA if State will perform sampling or makes alternative monitoring arrangements.

Notify systems of their monitoring responsibilities under the Screening Surveys for List 2 contaminants.

Report latitude/ longitude data to SDWIS for treatment plant location ( in addition to street address), if party to Memorandum of Agreement with EPA.

Submit request to EPA for State wide waiver. 40 CFR 141.40( b)( 1)( v) and ( vi)

40 CFR 141.40( b)( 1)( vi)

40 CFR 141.40( b)( 1)( vii)

40 CFR 141.40( b)( 1)( ix)

40 CFR 141.40( b)( 4)( i) One time One time One time One time One time Recordkeeping Subject to general requirements as listed above.

Special Primacy Requirements Application for approval of a State program revision that adopts 141.11, 141.23, 141.24, 141.61, and 141.62. 40 CFR 142.16( e) One time 1976 Radionuclides Reporting Subject to general requirements as listed above.

Recordkeeping Subject to general requirements as listed above. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 28 Special Primacy Requirements If a State chooses to use grandfathered data, then it must describe the procedures and criteria used to make determinations.

Application for approval of State program revisions must include a monitoring plan by which the State will assure all systems complete required monitoring within regulatory deadlines. 40 CFR 142.16( l)( 1)

40 CFR 142.16( l)( 2) One time One time 2000 Radionuclides Reporting Evaluate and draft written response for a system request to use historical monitoring data.

Determine whether to designate a system as vulnerable and notify system of the determination.

Designate system using waters contaminated by nuclear facility effluent and notify system of determination. 40 CFR 141.26( a)( 2)( ii)( C)

40 CFR 141.26( b)( 1)

40 CFR 141.26( b)( 2) As necessary As necessary As necessary Recordkeeping Subject to general requirements as listed above.

Special Primacy Requirements Application for approval of a State program revision that adopts the requirements in 141.26( a)( 2)( ii)( C). 40 CFR 142.16( i)( k)( 1) One time TTHM Reporting Evaluate system request to reduce monitoring and prepare written response.

Review and make determination regarding approval of system plan for modifying treatment. 40 CFR 141.30( b)( 2) and 141.30( c)( 1)

40 CFR 141.30( f) As necessary As necessary Recordkeeping Subject to general requirements as listed above. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 29 SWTR ( only disinfection residual monitoring and associated activities)

Reporting Subject to general requirements as listed above.

Recordkeeping Records of disinfectant residual measurements and other parameters necessary to document disinfection effectiveness.

Records of decisions to allow an unfiltered or filtered, respectively, PWS to sample residual disinfectant concentration at alternate locations if it also has ground water source( s).

Records of any decision that a violation of monthly CT compliance requirements was caused by circumstances that were unusual and unpredictable.

Records of any decision that a violation of the disinfection effectiveness criteria was not caused by a deficiency in treatment of the source water.

Records of any decision that failure to meet the disinfectant residual concentration requirements of 141.72( a)( 3)( i) was caused by circumstances that were unusual and unpredictable. A copy of the decision must be provided to the system.

Records of decisions that an unfiltered or filtered system has no means for having a sample transported and analyzed for heterotrophic plate count by a certified laboratory under the requisite time and temperature conditions and that the system is providing adequate disinfection in the distribution system, so that the disinfection requirements do not apply, and the basis for the decision. A copy of the decision must be provided to the system.

Records of decisions that a system using a disinfectant other than chlorine may use CT99.9 values other than those in tables 2.1 or 3.1 and / or other operational parameters to determine if the minimum total inactivation rates are being met. A copy of the decision must be provided to the system. 40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( i)

40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( ii)( A)( 4) and ( 6), respectively 40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( ii)( B)( 1)

40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( ii)( B)( 2)

40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( ii)( C)( 2)

40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( ii)( C)( 9) and ( 10), respectively 40 CFR 142.14( a)( 4)( ii)( C)( 13) 1 year 40 years, or 1 year after decision is reversed or revised 1 year 1 year 40 years, unless filtration is installed Until the decision is reversed or revised Until the decision is reversed or revised Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency/ Retention Period 30 Special Primacy Requirements Application for approval of a State program revision that describes how it will accomplish program requirements. 40 CFR 142.16( b)( 2)( i)( D) One time Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 31 4( b)( i) Data Items The data items that respondents will collect in implementing their responsibilities under the chemical related drinking water regulations included in this ICR are summarized below.

Each PWS is required to report to its primacy agency monitoring results received from laboratories. As required by § 141.33, PWSs must either maintain analytical reports or transfer the following information to a tabular summary   ° Date, place, and time of sampling.

$ Name of the person who collected the sample. ° Identification of the sample as a routine distribution system sample, check sample, raw or process water sample, or other special purpose sample. ° Date of analysis. ° Laboratory and person responsible for performing analysis. ° Contaminants for which the analysis was performed. ° Analytical technique/ method used. ° Results of the analysis.

Some additional PWS activities include completing variance application forms, notifying PWS customers of the application, and completing a financial analysis of the system.

The current § 141.35 requires all regulated PWSs to report monitoring results for the unregulated contaminants listed in § 141.40 to EPA and to provide a copy to the States. The original UCMR established that systems must report in electronic format some additional data elements along with their sampling results. The January 11, 2001 final rule for List 2 contaminants ( 66 FR 2273) clarifies and slightly modifies the original data elements list. The updated data elements for the UCMR Program are listed below.

$ PWS Identification Number ° Facility Identification Number   Sampling Point Identification Number and Sampling Point Type Identification ° Sample Collection Date ° Sample Identification Number ° Contaminant/ Parameter ° Analytical Results   Sign ° Analytical Result   Value ° Analytical Result   Unit of Measure ° Analytical Method Number ° Sample Analysis Type ° Sample Batch Identification Number ° Minimum Reporting Level ° Minimum Reporting Level Unit of Measure ° Analytical Precision ° Analytical Accuracy ° Spiking Concentration ° Presence/ Absence Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 32 4( b)( ii) Respondent Activities PWSs and primacy agencies must complete the activities described in the sections below.

Public Water Systems In general, each PWS is required to monitor for compliance with the MCLs or MRDLs established in 40 CFR Part 141, Subpart B. Owners and operators are required to report laboratory results to the State at frequencies specified in the Federal and State regulations. In addition, they are required to record, maintain, and report the analytical results of these monitoring efforts in accordance with 40 CFR Part 141, Subparts C and D. General activities carried out by PWSs implementing the chemical regulations addressed in this ICR include

Planning activities associated with rule implementation ( e. g., scheduling monitoring).

Gathering information, i. e., identifying sample sites and taking samples.

Creating information by conducting tests on samples collected.

Processing, compiling, and reviewing information created.

Developing and distributing reports and other documents.

Recording and maintaining the information.

Following is a detailed description of monitoring and other data collection and reporting requirements for each of the drinking water rules included in this ICR.

1) Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule EPA must balance the health risks from microbial organisms ( such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium) against risks from compounds formed during water disinfection. The Stage 1 DBPR and the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, which were promulgated concurrently, address complex and interrelated drinking water issues. The Stage 1 DBPR

Lowers the MCL for total trihalomethanes ( TTHMs) ( the only group of DBPs currently regulated) ( § 141.64 supersedes § 141.12 after 12/ 31/ 01).

Adds MCLs for haloacetic acids ( HAA5), bromate, and chlorite ( § 141.64).

Adds MRDLs for chlorine, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide ( § 141.65).

Adds treatment techniques ( enhanced coagulation and enhanced softening) for DBP precursors ( § 141.135).

Establishes Best Available Technologies ( BATs) for controlling disinfection byproducts and disinfectants ( § 141.64 and § 141.65, respectively).

The information collection requirements necessary to comply with these requirements include monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements, as described below. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 10 Subpart H systems include all PWSs using surface water or ground water under the direct influence of surface water as a source ( 40 CFR § 141.2).

33 MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVELS ( MCLS)

TTHM and HAA5 MCLs ( a) Small Subpart H10 Systems Serving Fewer Than 500 People

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). Community water systems ( CWSs) and nontransient noncommunity water systems ( NTNCWSs) that treat their water with a chemical disinfectant must take 1 sample per plant per year for both TTHM and HAA5. The sample must be taken at the point of maximum residence time in the distribution system during the month of warmest water temperature.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). No reduced monitoring is allowed.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). If the average of samples taken during the year exceeds the MCL, the system must increase monitoring to 1 sample per plant per quarter. Compliance with the MCL is based on an annual arithmetic average. If the average of any 4 quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public about this violation.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken during the last year; the location, date, and results of each sample taken in the last year; the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the last year; and whether the MCL was violated.

( b) Small Subpart H Systems Serving 500 9,999 People

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). CWSs and NTNCWSs that treat their water with a chemical disinfectant must take 1 sample per plant per quarter for both TTHM and HAA5. The sample must be taken at the point of maximum residence time in the distribution system.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems with annual average TTHM < 0.040 mg/ L and HAA5 < 0.030 mg/ L and source water total organic carbon ( TOC) < 4.0 mg/ L prior to treatment may reduce monitoring to 1 sample per plant per year.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MCL is based on the running annual arithmetic average computed quarterly. If the running average of any 4 quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public and report the exceedance to the State. If a system conducting reduced monitoring exceeds the MCL, it must revert to routine monitoring. Systems will not be considered in violation of the MCL until they have completed 1 year of routine monitoring. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 34

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken during the last quarter; the location, date, and results of each sample taken in the last quarter; the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the last quarter; the annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages for the last 4 quarters; and whether the MCL was violated.

( c) Large Subpart H Systems Serving at Least 10,000 People

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). CWSs and NTNCWSs that treat their water with a chemical disinfectant must take 4 samples per plant per quarter for both TTHM and HAA5. ( These systems currently conduct TTHM monitoring under the Total Trihalomethane Rule). At least 25 percent of the samples must be taken at the point of maximum residence time in the distribution system. The remaining samples must be taken at representative points in the distribution system.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems with annual average TTHM < 0.040 mg/ L and HAA5 < 0.030 mg/ L and source water TOC < 4.0 mg/ L prior to treatment may reduce samples to 1 sample per plant per quarter.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MCL is based on the running annual arithmetic average computed quarterly. If the running average of any 4 quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public and report the exceedance to the State. If a system conducting reduced monitoring exceeds the MCL, it must revert to routine monitoring. Systems will not be considered in violation of the MCL until they have completed 1 year of routine monitoring.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken during the last quarter; the location, date, and results of each sample taken in the last quarter; the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the last quarter; the annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages for the last 4 quarters; and whether the MCL was violated.

( d) Small Ground Water Systems Serving Fewer Than 10,000 People

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). CWSs and NTNCWSs that treat their water with a chemical disinfectant must take 1 sample per plant per year for both TTHM and HAA5. The sample must be taken at the point of maximum residence time in the distribution system during the month of warmest water temperature.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems with annual average TTHM < 0.040 mg/ L and HAA5 < 0.030 mg/ L may reduce samples to 1 sample per plant per 3 year monitoring cycle. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 35

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). If the average of samples taken during the year exceeds the MCL, the system must increase monitoring to 1 sample per plant per quarter. Compliance with the MCL is based on an annual arithmetic average. If the average of any 4 quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public about this violation.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken during the last year; the location, date, and results of each sample taken in the last year; the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the last year; and whether the MCL was violated.

( e) Large Ground Water Systems Serving at Least 10,000 People

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). CWSs and NTNCWSs that treat their water with a chemical disinfectant must take 1 sample per plant per quarter for both TTHM and HAA5. ( These systems currently conduct TTHM monitoring under the Total Trihalomethane Rule.) The sample must be taken at the point of maximum residence time in the distribution system.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems with annual average TTHM < 0.040 mg/ L and HAA5 < 0.030 mg/ L may reduce samples to 1 sample per plant per year.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MCL is based on the running annual arithmetic average computed quarterly. If the running average of any 4 quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public and report the exceedance to the State. If a system conducting reduced monitoring exceeds the MCL, it must revert to routine monitoring. Systems will not be considered in violation of the MCL until they have completed 1 year of routine monitoring.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken during the last quarter; the location, date, and results of each sample taken in the last quarter; the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the last quarter; the annual arithmetic average of quarterly averages for the last 4 quarters; and whether the MCL was violated.

Chlorite MCL Chlorite is an inorganic DBP formed when drinking water is treated with chlorine dioxide. The MCL for chlorite is 1.0 mg/ L. CWSs and NTNCWSs that use chlorine dioxide must conduct chlorite monitoring. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 36

Routine Daily Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems must take daily samples at the entrance to the distribution system. If any sample exceeds the MCL, the system must take additional samples the following day at the following 3 locations: 1) as close as possible to the first customer; 2) a location representative of average residence time; and 3) a location reflecting the maximum residence time.

Reduced Daily Monitoring ( § 141.132). There is no reduced daily monitoring for chlorite.

Routine Monthly Monitoring ( § 141.132). Each month, systems must take 1 sample at each of the 3 following distribution system locations: 1) as close as possible to the first customer; 2) a location representative of average residence time; and 3) a location reflecting the maximum residence time.

Reduced Monthly Monitoring ( § 141.132). After 1 year of routine monitoring, systems may reduce to 1 three sample set per plant per quarter if the MCL has not been exceeded during that year. A system may remain on reduced monitoring if all three of the individual chlorite samples do not exceed the MCL. If a system conducting reduced monitoring exceeds the MCL, it must revert to routine monitoring.

Compliance Requirements for Monthly Chlorite Monitoring ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MCL is based on the arithmetic average of three sample sets. If the average of samples collected in any month exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public and report the violation to the State. Exceeding the MCL during routine daily monitoring triggers additional monitoring, but is not an MCL violation.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken each month for the last 3 months; the location, date, and results of each sample taken in the last quarter; the arithmetic average of all samples taken in the month for each month in the reporting period; and whether the MCL was violated and in which month it was violated.

Bromate MCL Bromate is one of the principal byproducts of ozonation in source water containing bromide. The MCL for bromate is 0.010 mg/ L. CWSs and NTNCWSs that use ozone for disinfection or oxidation must conduct bromate monitoring.

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems must take monthly samples at the entrance to the distribution system while the ozonation system is operating under normal conditions.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). A system may take 1 sample per plant per quarter if its annual average raw water bromide concentration is less than 0.05 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 37 mg/ L, based on a monthly measurement. If the average bromide concentration exceeds 0.05 mg/ L the system must revert to routine monitoring. The system must continue to monitor for bromide if it wishes to remain on reduced bromate monitoring.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MCL is based on the running annual arithmetic average computed quarterly. If the running average of any 4 quarter period exceeds the MCL, the system must notify the public and report the violation to the State. If a system fails to complete 12 consecutive months of monitoring, the MCL compliance for the last 4 quarter period must be based on an average of the available data.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken during the quarter; the location, date, and result of each sample taken during the quarter; the arithmetic average of the monthly arithmetic averages of all samples taken in the last year; and whether the MCL was violated.

MAXIMUM RESIDUAL DISINFECTANT LEVELS ( MRDLS)

Disinfectants are added during water treatment to control waterborne microbial contaminants. Some residual disinfectants will remain in water after treatment. MRDLs protect public health by setting limits on the level of residual disinfectants in drinking water.

Chlorine and Chloramines MRDLs Chlorine is a widely used and highly effective water disinfectant. The MRDL for chlorine is 4.0 mg/ L. Chloramines are formed when ammonia is added during chlorination to suppress formation of many byproducts. The MRDL for chloramines is 4.0 mg/ L ( measured as Cl 2).

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems must take samples for the residual disinfectant levels at the same points in the distribution system and at the same time as total coliform samples ( Subpart H systems are already taking these samples under the SWTR).

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). There is no reduced monitoring for chlorine and chloramines.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MRDL is based on the running annual arithmetic average of samples. If the average of quarterly averages for any consecutive 4 quarter period exceeds the MRDL, the system must notify the public and report the exceedance to the State. If a system switches between the use of chlorine and chloramines, compliance must be determined by including all monitoring results for both chlorine and chloramines in calculating compliance. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 38

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the number of samples taken each month of the last quarter; the monthly arithmetic average of all samples taken in each month for the last 12 months; the arithmetic average of all monthly averages for the last 12 months; and whether the MRDL was violated.

Chlorine Dioxide MRDL Chlorine dioxide is used primarily for the oxidation of taste and odor causing organic compounds in water. It can also be used for the oxidation of iron and manganese, and color and is a powerful disinfectant and algicide. Chlorine dioxide reacts with impurities in water very rapidly and is dissipated very quickly. About 60 to 70 percent of the chlorine dioxide is converted to chlorite in the treatment process.

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems must take a daily sample at the entrance to the distribution system. If any sample exceeds the MRDL, the system must take 3 additional samples the following day near the first customer at intervals of at least 6 hours ( for systems without boosters after the distribution system) or at 3 specified locations ( for systems with boosters after the distribution system): near the first customer, a location representative of average residence time, and a location reflecting maximum residence time.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). There is no reduced monitoring for chlorine dioxide.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance with the MRDL is based on daily samples. If the daily sample exceeds the MRDL, the system must take immediate corrective action and notify the public. If the system exceeds the MRDL in any sample or fails to take samples in the distribution system the following day, this constitutes an acute MRDL violation and the system must notify the public. If two consecutive daily samples taken at the entrance to the distribution system exceed the MRDL and all distribution system samples taken are below the MRDL, this constitutes a non acute violation and the system must take immediate corrective action and notify the public.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report the dates, results, and locations of samples taken during the last quarter; whether the MRDL was exceeded; and whether the MRDL was exceeded in any two consecutive daily samples and whether the resulting violation was acute or nonacute.

DBP PRECURSORS Subpart H systems employing conventional filtration must monitor for TOC and alkalinity in their source and finished water. These samples determine treatment technique requirements. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 39

Routine Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems must take 1 paired sample per month of the TOC in source water ( at a point prior to treatment) and treated water ( at a point no later than the combined filter effluent turbidity monitoring prior to continuous disinfection). These samples must be taken simultaneously. Additionally, systems must take 1 alkalinity sample per month at the same time as the source water TOC sample.

Reduced Monitoring ( § 141.132). Systems may take 1 paired sample per quarter if their average treated water TOC is less than 2.0 mg/ L for 2 consecutive years or less than 1.0 mg/ L for 1 year. The alkalinity sample is taken at the same time. If the average treated water TOC in these systems exceeds 2.0 mg/ L, they must revert to routine monitoring.

Compliance Requirements ( § 141.133). Compliance is determined by the requirements of § 141.135( b). This section describes the TOC removal requirements for Subpart H systems based on their source water TOC and alkalinity levels.

Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements ( § 141.134). Systems must report various monitoring and compliance results depending on their TOC removal requirements, how frequently they have to monitor, and whether or not they have to meet the enhanced coagulation and enhanced softening requirements described in § 141.135.

MONITORING PLANS Under the Stage 1 DBPR, each system required to conduct monitoring must develop and implement a monitoring plan ( § 141.132). The plan must describe

The locations for collecting the required samples.

How the system will calculate its compliance with the MCLs, MRDLs, and treatment techniques.

How the plan reflects the entire distribution system.

The system must maintain its plan and make it available to the public and State after it has begun its reporting and recordkeeping. Subpart H systems serving over 3,300 people must submit their monitoring plans to the State for review. This is another reporting requirement for some PWSs. The State may require changes in any element of the system's monitoring plan.

2) Chemical Phase Rules The chemical monitoring requirements apply to CWSs and NTNCWSs, although transient noncommunity water systems ( TNCWSs) must also sample for nitrate and nitrite. Monitoring requirements follow the SMF schedule established by the rule. Under the SMF, 9 year compliance cycles were established; the first began on January 1, 1993, and ends December 31, 2001. The next cycle begins on January 1, 2002, and ends on December 31, 2010. Each 9 year cycle consists of three, 3 year compliance periods ( e. g., from January 1, 2002 to December 31, Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 11 The Phase I rule contaminants were included for completeness. However, the Phase II rule superceded the Phase I rule. Some of the Phase I unregulated contaminants became regulated under Phase II and additional contaminants were added to the list of unregulated contaminants.

40 2004; from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007; and from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010).

The compounds and contaminants addressed by the Chemical Phase Rules are listed in Exhibit 2. A more detailed description of the monitoring requirements for IOCs, volatile organic compounds ( VOCs), and synthetic organic compounds ( SOCs) follow.

Exhibit 4 Regulated Organic Compounds Phase of Regulation Inorganic Contaminants Synthetic Organic Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds 1976 Interim Standards Arsenic Fluoride N/ A N/ A Phase I11 N/ A N/ A Benzene Carbon tetrachloride p Dichlorobenzene Trichloroethylene Vinyl Chloride 1,1,1 Trichloroethane 1,1 Dichloroethylene 1,2 Dichloroethane Phase II Asbestos Cadmium Chromium Fluoride Mercury Nitrate Nitrite Selenium Alachlor Atrazine Carbofuran Chlordane EDB DBCP Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Lindane Methoxychlor Toxaphene PCBs 2,4 D 2,4,5 TP ( Silvex) cis 1,2 Dichloroethylene Ethylbenzene Monochlorobenzene o Dichlorobenzene Styrene Tetrachloroethylene Toluene trans 1,2 Dichloroethylene Xylenes 1,2 Dichloropropane Phase IIB Barium Pentachlorophenol N/ A Phase V Antimony Beryllium Cyanide Nickel ( remanded) Thallium Benzo( a) pyrene Dalapon Di( 2 ethylhexyl) adipate Di( 2 ethylhexyl) phthalate Dinoseb Diquat Endothall Endrin Glyphosate Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Oxamyl Picloram Simazine 2,3,7,8 TCDD ( Dioxin) Dichloromethane 1,1,2 Trichloroethane 1,2,4 Trichlorobenzene Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 12 EPA is currently reviewing revised standards for arsenic, which are described in the 2001Arsenic ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0231). However, the Arsenic ICR does not address monitoring activities before the rule's effective date.

41 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS This section summarizes the IOC monitoring requirements for the first 3 year compliance period of the second compliance cycle ( beginning on January 1, 2002), as described in 40 CFR 141.23( c). For the purposes of monitoring requirements, the IOCs regulated under Phases II and IIB are asbestos, barium, cadmium, chromium, fluoride, mercury, nitrite, nitrate, and selenium. The IOCs regulated by Phase V are antimony, beryllium, cyanide, and thallium. The MCL and MCLG for nickel, which was initially included as part of Phase V, were remanded on February 9, 1995. This means that, while many water suppliers continue to monitor nickel levels in their water, there is currently no EPA legal limit on the amount of nickel in drinking water. Arsenic is regulated under the 1976 standards for IOCs. 12 During each 3 year compliance period, ground water systems must take one sample at each sampling point. Surface water systems must take one sample annually at each sampling point. If results from any sampling events are above the MCL, the PWS must begin quarterly sampling during the next calendar quarter. The PWS must continue quarterly sampling until the State determines that the samples are reliably and consistently below the MCL based on at least two consecutive quarterly samples for ground water systems and four consecutive quarters for surface water systems. Once the samples are reliably and consistently below the MCL, ground water systems are then required to sample triennially, and surface water systems must sample annually.

After three consecutive sampling rounds without detection, a PWS may apply to the State for a waiver. Should the State grant a waiver, the PWS is required to sample only once every nine years. IOC waivers must be renewed every nine years. Waivers are not available for nitrate or nitrite monitoring.

VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS This section summarizes VOC monitoring requirements for the first 3 year compliance period of the second compliance cycle ( beginning January 1, 2002), as described in 40 CFR 141.24( f).

For VOCs, surface water systems must take one sample annually at each sampling point. During each 3 year compliance period, ground water systems must take one sample at each sampling point. If any sample exceeds the method detection limit ( MDL) of 0.0005 mg/ l, the PWS must begin quarterly monitoring during the next calendar quarter. Quarterly sampling must continue until the State determines that the samples are reliably and consistently below the MCL based on at least two consecutive quarterly samples for ground water systems and four consecutive quarters for surface water systems. However, if the detection that triggered the increased sampling exceeds the MCL, the PWS must take a minimum of four consecutive quarterly samples, regardless of whether it is served by ground water or surface water. Once the samples are reliably and consistently below the MCL, the State may reduce the sampling Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 42 frequency to once per year, provided repeat sampling is conducted during the calendar quarter that previously yielded the highest analytical result.

Systems may apply to the State for a waiver after 3 years of annual sampling without a VOC detection. The maximum waiver period for ground water sampling points is 6 years. The initial waiver must be renewed within the first 3 years of issuance, but subsequent waivers may be renewed at the end of the 6 year period. A ground water system must collect one sample within the first compliance period and at least one sample during each 6 year waiver period. For surface water systems, the maximum waiver period is 3 years, but there is no minimum Federal sampling frequency. The State determines the sampling schedule for surface water systems with a 3 year waiver.

SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS This section summarizes the SOC monitoring requirements for the first 3 year compliance period of the second compliance cycle ( beginning January 1, 2002), as described in 40 CFR 141.24( h).

Systems serving more than 3,300 people are required to take two SOC samples every 3 years. For systems that serve fewer than 3,300 people, one sample is required every 3 years. If a contaminant is detected at any sampling point, the water system must begin quarterly sampling during the next calendar quarter. Quarterly sampling must continue until the State determines that the samples are reliably and consistently below the MCL based on at least two consecutive quarterly samples for ground water systems and four consecutive quarters for surface water systems. However, if the detection that triggered the increased sampling exceeds the MCL, then the PWS must take a minimum of four consecutive quarterly samples, regardless of whether it is served by ground water or surface water. Once the samples are reliably and consistently below the MCL, the State may reduce the sampling frequency to once per year, provided repeat sampling is conducted during the calendar quarter that previously yielded the highest analytical result.

After 3 years of annual monitoring without SOC detections, systems may apply for a waiver. Waivers are effective for one compliance period ( 3 years). They must be renewed in each subsequent compliance period, or the system must return to the sampling frequency specified for its size. Under Federal regulations, systems with a waiver are not required to sample.

3) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, Lists 1 and 2 Appendix D contains the ICRs developed for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule List 1 and List 2 contaminants. As these ICRs indicate, SDWA, as amended in 1996, requires the Agency to develop an Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation. The requirements for unregulated contaminant monitoring were first established by the 1986 Amendments to the SDWA and were included as part of the Phase I chemical regulation under 40 CFR Parts 141.40( a)( e). The Phase II regulation supercedes the Phase I rule.

Section 1445( a) of the SDWA 1996 Amendments substantially revises unregulated contaminant monitoring. The new program includes: ( 1) a new list of contaminants ( i. e., the Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 43 UCMR List, developed in coordination with the CCL process); ( 2) a representative sample of PWSs serving 10,000 or fewer people; ( 3) placement of the monitoring data in the National Contaminant Occurrence Database ( NCOD), authorized under the SDWA Amendments § 1445( g); and ( 4) consumer notification regarding of the availability of monitoring results. The 1996 Amendments limit the number of contaminants that can be on the UCMR List to 30 or fewer, require that only a representative number of systems serving a population of 10,000 or fewer people be required to monitor, and require that EPA pay reasonable sample analysis costs for this representative sample of systems.

4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule Appendix E contains the ICR developed for the 2000 Radionuclides Rule. As the ICR indicates, in 1976 EPA promulgated National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations ( NIPDWRs) for three categories of radionuclides: gross alpha particle activity, combined radium 226 and radium 228, and gross beta particle and photon radioactivity. The 1976 NIPDWRs for these radionuclides regulated

Gross alpha at 15 picoCuries per liter ( pCi/ L)( excluding radon and uranium).

Radium 226 and radium 228 combined at 5 pCi/ L.

Beta/ photon emitters at a 4 millirem ( mrem) dose of radioactivity.

The 1986 SDWA amendments identified 83 contaminants for the Agency to regulate, including the currently regulated radionuclides that lacked MCLGs, and two additional radionuclides, uranium and radon. Also, the 1986 amendments declared the 1976 interim standards to be NPDWRs.

On December 7, 2000, EPA promulgated a revised radionuclides regulation, which becomes effective on December 8, 2003. The new rule completely supercedes the requirements established in the original 1976 Rule. The 2000 Radionuclides Rule, which is applicable only to CWSs, revised and amended 40 CFR Parts 141 and 142 and

Sets an MCLG of zero for all radionuclides.

Maintains the 1976 Gross alpha MCL of 15 pCi/ L ( which includes radium 226 and excludes uranium and radon).

Maintains the 1976 MCL of 5 pCi/ L for combined radium 226 and radium 228.

Maintains the 1976 Beta particle and photon radioactivity MCL of 4 mrem/ year.

Sets an MCL of 30  g/ L for uranium.

Establishes separate monitoring requirements for radium 226 and radium 228.

Maintains the beta/ photon screening levels set in the 1976 Rule for vulnerable systems ( as deemed by the State). Surface water systems serving greater than 100,000 persons will no longer be required to monitor unless they are deemed vulnerable.

Revises sampling, compliance, and monitoring waivers to SMF at entry points to the distribution system. States will have discretion in grandfathering existing distribution system data for determining initial monitoring baselines. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 13 Includes only the rule components relating to disinfectant residual monitoring. The remaining SWTR requirements are included in the Microbial ICR.

14 Systems that serve 3,300 or fewer persons may take grab samples in lieu of providing continuous monitoring.

15 CT is the product of residual disinfectant concentration ( C) in mg/ l determined before or at the first customer, and the corresponding disinfectant contact time ( T) in minutes. If a PWS applies disinfectants at more than one point prior to the first customer, it must determine the CT of each disinfectant sequence before or at the first customer to determine the total percent inactivation or total inactivation ratio.

44 5) Total Trihalomethanes Rule The initial 1979 TTHM standard applies only to surface water and ground water CWSs serving at least 10,000 people that add a disinfectant to the drinking water during any part of the treatment process. At their discretion, States may extend coverage to smaller PWSs; however, most States have not exercised this option. Monitoring requirements are detailed in 40 CFR 141.30.

The Stage 1 DBPR lowers the MCL for TTHM, the only group of DBPs regulated previously. Specifically, the MCL of 0.10 mg/ L is now 0.080 mg/ L. As a result, after December 31, 2001, § 141.64 supersedes § 141.12, to reflect this change. Also beginning on January 1, 2004, the Stage 1 DBPR extends the requirements to systems serving fewer than 10,000 people and NTNCWSs.

6) Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the SWTR13 As mentioned earlier, the majority of the SWTR requirements, with the exception of disinfection residual monitoring, are addressed in the Microbial ICR. Specifically, the SWTRC

Requires periodic disinfection residual monitoring from the distribution system for Subpart H systems. ( § 141.74 ( b)( 6)( i) for unfiltered systems and § 141.74( c)( 3)( i) for systems that filter).

Requires continuous disinfectant residual monitoring at entry points into the distribution system. ( § 141.74 ( b)( 5) for unfiltered systems and § 141.74( c)( 2) for systems that filter). 14

Requires calculation of inactivation ratios for unfiltered systems using CT values ( § 141.74 ( b)( 3)). 15 Primacy Agencies State officials serve in the role of respondents when reporting compliance data to EPA. States are currently required to maintain records of State verification activities and each determination made and to report to EPA in accordance with State reporting requirements Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 16 Some of the general activities conducted by States are included in the 2001 PWSS Program ICR ( 2040 0090).

45 ( § 142.14) through SDWIS. Currently, PWSs are required to report monitoring data to the States within specified timeframes.

Primacy agencies ensure the implementation of the rules covered by this ICR. To meet their responsibilities, the primacy agencies are anticipated to be involved in the following activities   16

Coordinating with EPA.

Notifying systems of requirements.

Making compliance determinations.

Providing technical assistance to PWSs.

Maintaining data management systems.

Establishing the monitoring schedules.

Reviewing plans and specifications.

Entering monitoring and enforcement data.

Keeping records and supporting information, including State determinations and explanations for technical decisions regarding rule implementation. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 46 5 INFORMATION COLLECTED   AGENCY ACTIVITIES, COLLECTION METHODOLOGY, AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 5( a) Agency Activities As part of its supervisory responsibility, EPA maintains SDWIS and evaluates SDWIS data to determine system compliance. EPA personnel also reformat, distribute, and store these data for a number of uses, including responding to Congressional and public inquiries. EPA also oversees the EPA Regional and State programs, provides technical assistance, and develops policies designed to ensure consistent program implementation. EPA officials serve as respondents when testifying to Congress on the PWSS Program or in the courts for enforcement actions.

EPA's requirements are outlined in Exhibit 5 below. Most of the burden and costs for these activities are addressed in the PWSS Program ICR ( OMB No. 2040 0090). Section 5( a) of the PWSS Program ICR contains additional detail regarding the activities supported by the collection of SDWIS data described above. However, under the UCMR, EPA does incur some cost for activities including implementation of a small system testing program, coordination of onsite monitoring for Index systems, and evaluation of data for assessment monitoring and screening surveys.

EPA will also conduct primacy activities in States and territories that do not have primacy. Specifically, EPA will be involved in the following activities

Mobilization, planning, and implementation.

Training PWS and consultant staff.

Analyzing and reviewing PWS data.

Making determinations concerning PWSs.

Compliance tracking.

Recordkeeping.

Burden and costs for these activities are accounted for under the primacy agency burden ( see Section 6). Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 47 Exhibit 5 EPA Requirements Requirement Regulatory Citation Frequency General Requirements ( apply to all regulations)

For States and other entities for which the Agency maintains primacy, the Agency must maintain the records and perform the reporting activities required of States.

Review State request for approval of a program revision and notify State of determination regarding request. 40 CFR 142.14 and 142.15 40 CFR 142.12( d)( 3) As necessary One time, as necessary Stage 1 DBPR Subject to general requirements as listed above.

Chemical Phase Rules ( Phases II, IIB, and V)

Subject to general requirements as listed above.

UCMR ( List 1 and 2 Contaminants)

Arrange for testing for small systems and report results to PWS and State.

Prepare and forward to State an initial monitoring plan, including Index systems and those part of Screening Surveys.

Provide guidance to States regarding sampling instructions. 40 CFR 141.40( a)( 7)( ii)

40 CFR 141.40( b)( 1)( i)

40 CFR 141.40( b)( 1)( vi) One time One time One time 1976 Radionuclides Subject to general requirements as listed above.

2000 Radionuclides Subject to general requirements as listed above.

TTHM Subject to general requirements as listed above.

SWTR ( only disinfection residual monitoring and associated activities)

Subject to general requirements as listed above. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 17 In the next few years, EPA anticipates a substantial reduction in the burden and cost associated with reporting data because of increased efficiency of electronic reporting by PWSs and State agencies. Laboratories are developing the ability to report monitoring data directly to primacy agencies.

48 5( b) Collection Methodology and Management On a quarterly basis, primacy agencies must report data to EPA, including new data and any revisions or corrections to existing data. This information is maintained in SDWIS, which contains the following   ° Inventory data for each PWS. ° Violations. ° Enforcement actions and some follow up activity. ° Variances and exemptions.

Primacy agencies transmit SDWIS data to EPA both manually and electronically. In the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and Indian Lands ( except for the Navajo Nation, which has primacy), results of system samples are sent directly to the EPA Region. Virtually all SDWIS data are reported electronically by the primacy agency. 17 The UCMR requires systems to report some data in addition to that currently required by § 141.35 and requires that all data are submitted in electronic format. UCMR allows laboratories to report data directly to EPA, but clarifies that systems are ultimately responsible for timely reporting.

SDWIS data support a number of rule implementation and program management activities, which include the following

Tracking the status of PWSs that are in SNC. This information is provided to the OECA, as part of the Reporting for OECA Priorities. These data provide senior management with information on trends in drinking water enforcement.

Supporting data verification. EPA Regions undertake an extensive review of SDWIS data   the primary purposes of which is to assess the quality of data and recommend any necessary changes in collection or reporting methodologies.

$ Promoting consistent national program implementation. The process of data verification provides insights into the primacy agency's interpretation of regulations. Such information supports fair and consistent SDWA implementation and enforcement.

With the exception of UCMR, all costs for data management activities are addressed in the PWSS Program ICR. Section 5( b) of the PWSS Program ICR contains additional detail regarding the activities supported by the collection of SDWIS data described above. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 18 These definitions were taken from § 601 of the Regulatory Flexibility Analysis ( RFA).

49 5( c) Small Entity Flexibility In developing chemical monitoring rules contained in this ICR, EPA considered the requirement of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act ( SBREFA) to minimize the burden of information collections on small entities. Small entities include " small businesses," " small organizations" and " small government jurisdictions." These terms are defined below. 18

A small business is any business that is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field, as defined by the Small Business Administration regulations under Section 3 of the Small Business Act.

A small organization is any non profit enterprise that is independently owned and operated and not dominant in its field.

A small governmental jurisdiction is the government of a city, county, town, township, village, school district, or special district that has a population of fewer than 50,000. This definition may also include Indian Tribes.

The major requirement under SBREFA is a regulatory flexibility analysis of all rules that have a " significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities." This ICR is not associated with new rules. Therefore, this ICR is not subject to the SBREFA. When the initial Stage 1 DBPR ICR was prepared for the initial implementation phase of the rule, EPA completed an RFA because it had determined that the rule would have a significant impact on small systems.

However, EPA has made significant efforts to minimize the burden for all respondents, particularly for small entities. In setting both MCLs/ MRDLs and monitoring requirements, EPA has been able to minimize burden for small entities in the following waysC 1) Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule EPA has taken steps to minimize the burden on small PWSs. These measures include lower monitoring frequency for small systems, reducing monitoring frequency for systems consistently and reliably below the MCLs and MRDLs, and extending the compliance date for small systems to 5 years after promulgation of the rule.

2) Chemical Phase Rules For the contaminants regulated under the Phase II regulation, the provisions established in the SMF are intended to minimize burden on small entities by allowing systems to composite as Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 50 many as five samples and by allowing States to grant waivers, which reduce or eliminate monitoring requirements.

For Phase V chemicals, EPA has taken steps to minimize the burden on PWSs ( in addition to the provisions listed for Phase II contaminants) by allowing systems serving fewer than 3,300 people to composite among different systems provided the five sample limit is maintained. Sample collection has also been simplified by allowing the same sampling locations to be used for all source water related monitoring.

3) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, Lists 1 and 2 EPA has estimated the impact of the UCMR and concluded that the impact on small water systems will not be significant. The rationale for this conclusion is that EPA plans to pay the full costs of shipping and testing samples for small systems and does not plan, under any scenario, to ask systems to pay these costs. Thus, the costs to these systems will be limited to the labor hours associated with collecting a sample and preparing it for shipping. System costs under both a " Full Assessment Monitoring Implementation" and " Limited Assessment Monitoring Implementation" scenario were estimated to ensure that small systems would not incur significant economic impacts under any circumstances. See Appendix D of the UCMR ICR for a detailed description of these scenarios.

4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule The monitoring requirements for radionuclides apply only to CWSs and specify different monitoring frequencies depending on the type of source water. Ground water systems have less stringent monitoring requirements and since most small systems use ground water, the rule imposes less burden on such systems. Specifically, ground water systems must sample at least once every 4 years, while surface water systems must take four consecutive quarterly samples once every 4 years. Additionally, gross beta analysis is required only for surface water systems serving at least 10,000 people.

5) Total Trihalomethanes Rule The initial 1979 TTHM standard applies only to CWSs that use surface water or ground water that serve at least 10,000 people, and that add a disinfectant to the drinking water during any part of the treatment process. At their discretion, States may extend coverage to smaller PWSs; however, most States have not exercised this option. Starting in 2004, the Stage 1 DBPR completely supercedes the TTHM Rule, eliminating a separate TTHM Rule burden. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 19 Collection schedule is based on the commencement of monitoring requirements. Startup activities are typically completed prior to these dates.

51 6) Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the SWTR The rule allows systems serving 3,300 and fewer to substitute grab sampling for continuous disinfectant residual monitoring. This enables small systems to avoid large capital costs associated with continuous monitoring equipment. Further, the number of daily grab samples required for measuring the disinfectant residual is directly related to the system's size. Systems serving 500 or fewer people are required to take one sample, while systems serving 2,501 to 3,300 people are required to take four samples.

5( d) Collection Schedule Exhibit 6 contains a summary of the collection schedules for each rule. Given the wide range of phase in schedules for the respective rules, additional information may be obtained by consulting the individual rules for specific collection schedules.

Exhibit 6 Collection Schedule19 Rule Collection Commencement 1976 Radionuclides Rule 1978 TTHM 1980/ 1982 ( depending on system size). Superceded by the Stage 1 DBPR beginning in 2001/ 2003.

Disinfectant residual monitoring and associated activities for the SWTR 1990/ 1993 ( depending on filtration status).

Phase II 1993 Phase IIB 1993 Phase V 1996 UCMR 2001 Stage 1 DBPR 2001/ 2003 ( depending on system size and source).

2000 Radionuclides Rule 2004 Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 20 The remaining SWTR requirements are included in the Microbial ICR.

21 The State Workload Model is a spreadsheet model used by States/ Primacy Agencies to estimate resource needs for implementation of drinking water regulations.

52 6 ESTIMATING BURDEN AND COST OF COLLECTION This section estimates the burden and cost to PWSs, primacy agencies, and EPA for complying with drinking water information requirements associated with chemical contaminantrelated rulemakings. These rulemakings include the following   1) Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule 2) Chemical Phase Rules ( Phases II/ IIB/ V) 3) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, Lists 1 and 2 4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule 5) Total Trihalomethanes Rule 6) Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the SWTR20 This section also discusses the assumptions used to estimate burden and costs and describes the change in annual burden, as compared with the current OMB annual burden inventory. This ICR updates the annual burdens and costs associated with these rulemakings for years 2002 through 2004.

For this update, many assumptions were revised based on program changes and welldocumented changes in some data. EPA is committed to accurately characterizing the burden and costs of rules it promulgates. Consequently, it has maintained communication with interested stakeholders. Based on the information gathered during consultations with these stakeholders, EPA has refined some of the assumptions for calculating the burden and costs associated with implementing the drinking water regulations contained in this ICR.

Specifically, EPA noted several inconsistencies in assumptions used to estimate burden and costs in previous ICRs. To provide a comparable basis on which to calculate the requirements addressed by the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR and to address inconsistencies, EPA applied uniform assumptions to all rules. The categories of assumptions are listed below.

° Labor rates   for PWSs, a mean hourly rate of $ 15.02 with an overhead rate of 60 percent; for States, the hourly rate from the most recent State Workload Model. 21 ° PWS inventory figures from the most recent frozen SDWIS database pull. ° Number of entry points   data from the 1995 Community Water System Survey ( CWSS). ° Number of plants   data from the 1995 CWSS. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 22 Includes costs for ground water systems only. Disinfectant residual monitoring and associated activities for surface water systems are addressed by the SWTR.

53 6( a) Respondent Burden 6( a)( i) Burden to Public Water Systems The annual PWS burden for years 2002 through 2004 is estimated to be approximately 2.51 million hours. Exhibit 7 ( at the end of Section 6( b)) shows the breakdown of the annual burden hours on a rule specific basis. Wherever possible, activity level burden assumptions were carried forward from previous ICRs. However, if updated data were available ( e. g., system inventories), those data were used in burden calculations. Appendices F through K show the assumptions and detailed burden calculations for each rule. The following further describes the bases for the burden estimates for each rule.

1) Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule Activities associated with the Stage 1 DBPR account for 0.63 million annual burden hours. The assumptions used to calculate the Stage 1 DBPR burden are based largely on assumptions from the September 1998 Information Collection Request for the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule ( Stage 1 DBPR ICR). The burden for systems includes startup activities and monitoring. The startup activities include reading the rule, conducting training, and developing monitoring plans. Only systems serving 10,000 or fewer people have a startup burden for the 2002 2004 ICR period because, based on the rule's implementation schedule, the startup burden for systems serving at least 10,000 people was included in the prior ICR. The specific burden for monitoring includes the following

Paired TTHM/ HAA5

Alkalinity and paired TOC

Bromate

Chloride Dioxide

Chlorite ( both daily and monthly monitoring)

Chlorine or chloramines ( in the distribution system) 22 At this point, reduced monitoring burden was not estimated for the above contaminants, with the exception of alkalinity and paired TOC monitoring, which carried forward reduced monitoring rate estimates from the September 1998 Stage 1 DBPR ICR.

Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the burden reported in September 1998 Stage 1 DBPR ICR and this ICR. Detailed burden and cost calculations for the Stage 1 DBPR are provided in Appendix F. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 23 Section 6 also includes a correction for an error in the annual burden hours reported for IOC monitoring in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR. A spreadsheet error resulted in an overestimation of IOC burden of over 1.3 million hours annually. Estimates and adjustments described in this paragraph refer to the burden after correction of this error. The spreadsheet error is described in further detail in Section 6( f)( ii) and Appendix L.

54 2) Chemical Phase Rules Activities associated with the Chemical Phase Rules account for a burden of 0.46 million hours per year. The burden estimate includes routine and reduced sampling for IOCs, VOCs, and SOCs under the schedules dictated by the SMF. The assumptions used to calculate the Chemical Phase Rule burden are based on assumptions from the 1993 PWSS Program ICR, which maintained most assumptions and burden estimates from the individual ICRs for the Phase II, IIB, and V rules. However, the waiver rate assumptions have been adjusted to more accurately reflect actual waiver issuance rates. Specifically, the previous Chemical Phase Rule burden calculations assumed that more systems would qualify and apply for waivers. Consequently, the amount of required sampling and associated burden is higher in the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR due to this downward adjustment in waiver issuance rates. Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the burden reported in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. 23 Appendix G summarizes the assumptions used to calculate the Chemical Phase Rule burden and provides the detailed burden and cost calculations.

3) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, Lists 1 and 2 Total annual burden for PWSs for the UCMR for List 1 and List 2 contaminants is estimated to be 0.006 million hours. Included in this burden is startup burden for reading the regulation and guidance materials, and the monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping burden for the List 1 and List 2 contaminants. Activity level burden assumptions for this rule were carried forward from the August 1999 Information Collection Request for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation and the Information Collection Request for the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation   List 2. Reasons for changes in burden between the prior ICRs and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR are summarized in Section 6( f). Detailed information about assumptions, burden, and calculations are provided in Appendix H.

4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule For the 1976 Radionuclides Rule annual PWS burden is estimated to be 0.009 million hours. This number was extracted from Table 6 4 of the September 2000 Information Collection Request for National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Radionuclides ( 2000 Radionuclides ICR). The 2000 Radionuclides ICR re estimated the annual baseline burden for the 1976 Radionuclides Rule at 14,065 hours. However, the revised estimate of the 1976 Radionuclides monitoring burden is included in this ICR for the first 2 years only ( 2002 and 2003). Beginning in January 2004, all radionuclides monitoring will be addressed by the 2000 Radionuclides Rule requirements, which completely absorb and augment the requirements originally established in Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 24 In calculating burden for this ICR, EPA used the simplified assumption that the new Radionuclides Rule becomes effective on January 1, 2004 ( rather than December 8, 2003).

55 1976 Rule. 24 Only 28,130 hours from the 1976 Radionuclides Rule ( 2 x 14,065 annual burden hours) are included in the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR, resulting in an average annual burden of 9,377 annually ( 28,130/ 3).

For this ICR, annual PWS burden for the 2000 Radionuclides Rule is estimated to be 0.23 million hours, which is based on burden assumptions contained in the September 2000 Radionuclides ICR. Burden estimates for the first year ( 2001) of startup activities for 2000 Radionuclides requirements are covered under the existing ICR. Thus, the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR includes burden starting in 2002. This burden includes 2 years of startup activities ( for years 2002 and 2003), and one year of monitoring activities ( for year 2004). To compensate for this change, the 2000 Radionuclides ICR, which does not expire until 2003, should be cancelled once the burden has been added to the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. This change will avoid doublecounting of the burden.

Monitoring burden is for the following contaminants

Gross Alpha

Gross Beta

Radium 226

Radium 228

Uranium Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the radionuclides burden reported in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. Calculations for burden and costs for the 2000 Radionuclides Rule are included in Appendix I.

5) Total Trihalomethanes Rule Implementation of the TTHM Rule is expected to result in an annual PWS burden of 0.02 million hours. This burden is for monitoring during 2002 and 2003 by ground water systems serving at least 10,000 people. No burden for Year 2004 is calculated for the TTHM Rule because the Stage 1 DBPR completely absorbs the TTHM requirements and expands them to address systems serving fewer than 10,000 people and NTNCWSs.

Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the TTHM burden reported in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. Appendix J summarizes the assumptions used to calculate the TTHM Rule burden and provides the detailed burden and cost calculations. Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 56 6) Disinfectant Residual Monitoring and Associated Activities under the SWTR As stated previously, this ICR includes burden estimates only for the disinfection residual monitoring and associated activities required under the SWTR. The Microbial ICR addresses the burden and costs for all other SWTR requirements. Implementation of the SWTR disinfection residual monitoring and associated activities is estimated to result in an annual PWS burden of 1.15 million hours. Included in the estimate is burden for

Distribution system residual monitoring.

Calculation of inactivation ratio using CT values.

Measurement of pH and temperature, as necessary to meet requirements.

Entry point residual monitoring for filtered systems.

Entry point residual monitoring for unfiltered systems.

Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the burden reported in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. Appendix K summarizes the assumptions used to calculate the burden for disinfection residual monitoring and associated activities under SWTR and provides the detailed burden and cost calculations.

6( a)( ii) Burden to Primacy Agencies The annual burden for primacy agencies is estimated to be approximately 1.83 million hours. Exhibit 8 ( at the end of Section 6( b)) shows the annual burden hours on a rule specific basis. Many other State activities, such as compliance assurance and data management, cannot be divided among specific rules and are included in the 2001 PWSS Program ICR as general primacy activities. The following briefly describes the bases for the burden estimatesC 1) Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule The annual State burden for the Stage 1 DBPR is expected to be 0.17 million hours. All of this burden is associated with one startup activity ( review of monitoring plans) and recordkeeping. All other State startup activities were accounted for in the initial Stage 1 DBPR ICR. Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the Stage 1 DBPR burden reported in the 1998 Stage 1 DBPR ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. Detailed calculations for burden and cost are shown in Appendix F.

2) Chemical Phase Rules For States, the annual burden associated with the Chemical Phase Rules is estimated to be approximately 1.38 million hours. This reflects reporting and recordkeeping burden for routine and reduced sampling for IOCs, VOCs, and SOCs under the schedules dictated by the SMF. Estimates for primacy agency burden for the Chemical Phase Rules are based on State Workload Model Assumptions carried forward from the 1993 PWSS Program ICR. Section 6( f) describes Disinfectants/ Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides ICR November 29, 2001 57 the reasons for changes between the Chemical Phase Rule burden reported in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR.

3) Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, Lists 1 and 2 States are expected to expend 0.009 million annual burden hours implementing requirements of the UCMR for List 1 and List 2 contaminants. The burden includes activities such as coordinating with EPA, providing data management support, and assisting in the implementation of the program. In addition, the burden includes overhead costs for support staff related to rule specific training and staff supervision. Section 6( f) describes the reasons for changes between the UCMR burden reported in the 1993 PWSS Program ICR and the DDBP/ Chem/ Rads ICR. Detailed burden and costs calculations are included in Appendix H.

4) 1976 Radionuclides Rule and 2000 Radionuclides Rule For the 1976 Radionuclides Rule, annual State burden is estimated to be 0.001 million hours. This estimate is derived from the September 2000 Radionuclides ICR and is a function of the number of analyses performed by PWSs. Specifically, burden is calculated for primacy agency staff for recordkeeping, reporting, and compliance tracking and analysis based on each 1,000 analyses conducted by PWSs.