removing it from the slot permits the exhaust system to clear
accumulated dust. Workers' implementation of work practices such as
these is often necessary to ensure that they are adequately protected,
and OSHA has preliminarily concluded that the importance of recognizing
potential exposures and understanding appropriate work practices merits
including these provisions in the proposed silica rule.
    Proposed paragraph (i)(2)(i)(C) requires training on the contents
of the respirable crystalline silica rule, and proposed paragraph
(i)(2)(ii) requires that the employer make a copy of the standard
readily available to employees without cost. OSHA believes that it is
important for employees to be familiar with and have access to the
proposed respirable crystalline silica standard and the employer's
obligations to comply with it.
    Proposed paragraph (i)(2)(i)(D) requires employers to provide
training to workers on the purpose and description of the medical
surveillance program found at paragraph (h) of the proposed silica
rule. Such training should cover the signs and symptoms of respirable
crystalline silica-related adverse health effects including cancer,
lung effects, immune system effects, and kidney effects. This
information will help to ensure that employees are able to effectively
participate in medical surveillance, which is discussed above in
section (h) (Medical surveillance).
    OSHA intends for the training requirements under the proposed
silica standard, like those in the hazard communication standard, to be
performance-oriented. The Agency has therefore written proposed section
(i) in terms of objectives, which are meant to ensure that employees
are made aware of the hazards associated with respirable crystalline
silica in their workplace and how they can help to protect themselves.
The proposed standard also lists the subjects, which are in addition to
or reiterate those covered by the HCS, that must be addressed in
training, but not the specific ways in which the training is to be
accomplished. OSHA believes that the employer is in the best position
to determine how the training can most effectively be accomplished.
Hands-on training, videotapes, slide presentations, classroom
instruction, informal discussions during safety meetings, written
materials, or any combination of these methods may be appropriate. Such
performance-oriented requirements are intended to encourage employers
to tailor training to the needs of their workplaces, thereby resulting
in the most effective training program in each specific workplace.
    In order for the training to be effective, the employer must ensure
that it is provided in a manner that the employee is able to
understand. OSHA has consistently required that employee training
required by OSHA standards be presented in a manner that employees can
understand. This position was recently reiterated in a memorandum to
OSHA Regional Administrators from Assistant Secretary David Michaels
(OSHA, 2010). Employees have varying educational levels, literacy, and
language skills, and the training must be presented in a language, or
languages, and at a level of understanding that accounts for these
differences in order to meet the proposed requirement in paragraph
(i)(2) that individuals being trained understand the specified
elements. This may mean, for example, providing materials, instruction,
or assistance in Spanish rather than English if the workers being
trained are Spanish-speaking and do not understand English. The
employer is not required to provide training in the employee's
preferred language if the employee understands both languages; as long
as the employee is able to understand the material in the language
used, the intent of the proposed standard would be met.
    The frequency of training under the proposed standard is determined
by the needs of the workplace. At the time of initial assignment to a
position involving exposure to respirable crystalline silica, each
employee needs to be trained sufficiently to understand the specified
training elements. Additional training may be needed periodically to
refresh and reinforce the memories of employees who have previously
been trained or to ensure that employees are informed of new
developments in the workplace that may result in new or additional
exposures to respirable crystalline silica. Additional training might
also be necessary after new engineering controls are installed to
ensure that employees are able to properly use the new controls and
implement work practices relating to those controls. Further, employees
might need additional training in the use of new personal protective
equipment. Such training would ensure that employees are able to
actively participate in protecting themselves under the conditions
found in the workplace, even if those conditions change.

(j) Recordkeeping

    Paragraph (j) of the proposed standard requires employers to
maintain air monitoring data, objective data, and medical surveillance
records. The recordkeeping requirements are proposed in accordance with
section 8(c) of the OSH Act (29 U.S.C. 657(c)), which authorizes OSHA
to require employers to keep and make available records as necessary or
appropriate for the enforcement of the Act or for developing
information regarding the causes and prevention of occupational
accidents and illnesses.
    Proposed paragraph (j)(1)(i) requires employers to keep accurate
records of all air monitoring results used or relied on to assess
employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica. Paragraph
(j)(1)(ii) requires that such records include the following
information: the date of measurement for each sample taken; the
operation monitored; sampling and analytical methods used; the number,
duration, and results of samples taken; the identity of the laboratory
that performed the analysis; the type of personal protective equipment,
such as respirators, worn by the employees monitored; and the name,
social security number, and job classification of all employees
represented by the monitoring, indicating which employees were actually
monitored. These requirements

are generally consistent with those found in other OSHA standards, such
as methylene chloride (29 CFR 1910.1052) and chromium (VI) (29 CFR
1910.1026). OSHA has proposed an additional requirement in this
rulemaking--recording the identity of the laboratory that performed the
analysis of exposure measurements--because of the importance of
ensuring that laboratories performing analyses of respirable
crystalline silica samples conform with the requirements specified in
paragraph (d)(5) of the proposed rule.
    Proposed paragraph (j)(2)(i) requires employers who rely on
objective data, pursuant to proposed paragraph (d)(2)(ii)(B) or
(d)(3)(ii), to keep accurate records of the objective data. Objective
data means information, such as air monitoring data from industry-wide
surveys or calculations based on the composition or chemical and
physical properties of a substance, demonstrating employee exposure to
respirable crystalline silica associated with a particular product,
material, process, operation, or activity.
    Proposed paragraph (j)(2)(ii) requires the record to include: the
crystalline silica-containing material in question; the source of the
objective data; the testing protocol and results of testing; a
description of the process, operation, or activity involved and how the
data support the assessment; and other data relevant to the process,
operation, activity, material, or employee exposures. Since objective
data may be used to exempt the employer from provisions of the proposal
or provide a basis for selection of respirators, it is critical that
the use of objective data be carefully documented. Reliance on
objective data is intended to provide the same degree of assurance that
employee exposures have been correctly characterized as air monitoring
would. The records should demonstrate a reasonable basis for the
conclusions drawn from the objective data.
    Proposed paragraph (j)(3)(i) requires the employer to establish and
maintain an accurate record for each employee subject to medical
surveillance under paragraph (h) of the proposed standard. Paragraph
(j)(3)(ii) lists the categories of information that an employer would
be required to record: the name and social security number of the
employee; a copy of the PLHCP's and pulmonary specialist's written
opinions about the employee; and a copy of the information provided to
the PLHCPs and pulmonary specialists as required by proposed paragraph
(h)(4). The information provided to the PLHCPs and pulmonary
specialists includes the employee's duties as they relate to
crystalline silica exposure, crystalline silica exposure levels,
descriptions of personal protective equipment used by the employee, and
information from employment-related medical examinations previously
provided to the employee (see paragraph (h)(4)).
    OSHA believes that medical surveillance records, like exposure
records, are necessary and appropriate for protection of employee
health, enforcement of the standard, and development of information
regarding the causes and prevention of occupational illnesses. Employee
access to medical surveillance records helps protect employees because
such records contribute to the evaluation of employees' health and
enable employees and their health care providers to make informed
health care decisions. These records are especially important when an
employee's medical conditions place him or her at increased risk of
health impairment from further exposure to respirable crystalline
silica. Furthermore, the employer could evaluate medical surveillance
data for indications that workplace conditions are associated with
increased risk of illness and take corrective actions. Finally, the
records can be used by the Agency and others to identify illnesses and
deaths that may be attributable to respirable crystalline silica
exposure, evaluate compliance programs, and assess the efficacy of the
standard.
    Proposed paragraphs (j)(1)(iii), (j)(2)(iii), and (j)(3)(iii)
require employers to maintain and provide access to air monitoring,
objective data, and medical surveillance records, respectively, in
accordance with OSHA's standard addressing access to employee exposure
and medical records (29 CFR 1910.1020). That standard, specifically 29
CFR 1910.1020(d), requires employers to ensure the preservation and
retention of exposure and medical records. Air monitoring data and
objective data are considered employee exposure records that must be
maintained for at least 30 years in accordance with 29 CFR
1910.1020(d)(1)(ii). Medical records must be maintained for at least
the duration of employment plus 30 years in accordance with 29 CFR
1910.1020(d)(1)(i).
    The maintenance and access provisions incorporated from 29 CFR
1910.1020 ensure that records are available to employees so that they
may examine the employer's exposure assessments and assure themselves
that they are being adequately protected. Moreover, compliance with the
requirement to maintain records of exposure data will enable the
employer to show, at least for the duration of the retention-of-records
period, that the exposure assessment was accurate and conducted in an
appropriate manner. The lengthy record retention period is necessitated
in this case by the long latency period commonly associated with
silica-related diseases. Furthermore, determining causality of disease
in employees is assisted by, and in some cases requires, examining
present and past exposure data as well as the results of present and
past medical examinations.

(k) Dates

    Under paragraph (k)(1) of the proposed standard, the final
crystalline silica rule becomes effective 60 days after its publication
in the Federal Register. This period is intended to allow affected
employers the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the standard.
Under paragraph (k)(2)(i), employer obligations to comply with most
requirements of the final rule begin 180 days after the effective date
(240 days after publication of the final rule). This additional time
period after the effective date is designed to allow employers to
complete initial exposure assessments, establish regulated areas or
access control plans, provide initial medical examinations, and comply
with other provisions of the rule.
    Paragraph (k)(2)(ii) allows additional time for employers to
implement the engineering controls required under paragraph (f) of the
proposed rule. Engineering controls need to be in place within one year
after the effective date. This is to allow affected employers
sufficient time to design, obtain, and install the necessary control
equipment. During the period before engineering controls are
implemented, employers must provide respiratory protection to employees
under proposed paragraph (g)(1)(i).
    Paragraph (k)(2)(iii) specifies that the laboratory requirements in
paragraph (d)(5)(ii) of this section commence two years after the
effective date. OSHA recognizes that the requirements for monitoring in
the proposed rule will increase the demand for analysis of respirable
crystalline silica samples. A two year start-up period is proposed to
allow time for laboratories to achieve compliance with the proposed
requirements, particularly with regard to requirements for
accreditation and round robin testing.
    OSHA solicits comment on the adequacy of these proposed start-up
dates. OSHA would like to ensure that engineering controls and medical
surveillance are implemented as quickly as possible, while also
ensuring that

employers have sufficient time to complete these processes. OSHA is
also interested in ensuring that laboratories comply with the
requirements of the standard as quickly as possible, while also
ensuring that sufficient laboratory capacity is available to meet the
needs of employers. In addition, the Agency is interested in mitigating
impacts on firms complying with the rule, and seeks comment on
approaches that would phase in requirements of the rule based on
industry, employer size, or other factors. The Agency has included
these topics in the ``Issues'' section of this preamble.

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List of Subjects in 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, and 1926

    Cancer, Chemicals, Cristobalite, Crystalline silica, Hazardous
substances, Health, Occupational safety and health, Quartz, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Silica, Tridymite.

XVIII. Authority and Signature

    This document was prepared under the direction of David Michaels,
Ph.D., MPH, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and
Health, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue NW.,
Washington, DC 20210.
    The Agency issues the proposed sections under the following
authorities: sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); section 107 of the Contract Work
Hours and Safety Standards Act (the Construction Safety Act) (40 U.S.C.
333); section 41 of the Longshore and Harbor Worker's Compensation Act
(33 U.S.C. 941); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 4-2010 (75 FR 55355,
September 10, 2010); and 29 CFR part 1911.

    Signed at Washington, DC, on August 23, 2013.
David Michaels,
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health.

Amendments to Standards

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, OSHA proposes to amend
chapter XVII of title 29, parts 1910, 1915, and 1926, of the Code of
Federal Regulations as follows:

PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS

Subpart Z--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for subpart Z of part 1910 is revised to read
as follows:

    Authority: Secs. 4, 6, 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health
Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Order
No. 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96
(62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR 50017), 5-2002 (67 FR 65008), 5-2007 (72
FR 31159), or 4-2010 (75 FR 55355), as applicable; and 29 CFR part
1911. All of subpart Z issued under section 6(b) of the Occupational
Safety and Health Act of 1970, except those substances that have
exposure limits listed in Tables Z-1, Z-2, and Z-3 of 29 CFR
1910.1000. The latter were issued under section 6(a) (29 U.S.C.
655(a)).

    Section 1910.1000, Tables Z-1, Z-2 and Z-3 also issued under 5
U.S.C. 553, but not under 29 CFR part 1911 except for the arsenic
(organic compounds), benzene, cotton dust, and chromium (VI)
listings.
    Section 1910.1001 also issued under section 107 of the Contract
Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (40 U.S.C. 3704) and 5 U.S.C.
553.
    Section 1910.1002 also issued under 5 U.S.C. 553, but not under
29 U.S.C. 655 or 29 CFR part 1911.
    Sections 1910.1018, 1910.1029, and 1910.1200 also issued under
29 U.S.C. 653. Section 1910.1030 also issued under Pub. L. 106-430,
114 Stat. 1901.

0
2. In Sec.  1910.1000, Table Z-1--Limits for Air Contaminants, remove
``Silica, crystalline cristobalite, respirable dust'', ``Silica,
crystalline quartz, respirable dust'', ``Silica, crystalline tripoli
(as quartz), respirable dust'', and ``Silica, crystalline tridymite,
respirable dust''; and add ``Silica, crystalline, respirable dust; see
1910.1053'' in alphabetical order, to read as follows:

Sec.  1910.1000  Air contaminants.

* * * * *

                                     Table Z-1--Limits for Air Contaminants
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Substance                    CAS No. (c)      ppm \(a)\ \1\       mg/m3(b)1     Skin designation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                  * * * * * * *
Silica, crystalline, respirable dust;
 see 1910.1053..........................

                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
0
3. In Sec.  1910.1000, Table Z-3--Mineral Dusts, the entry ``Silica:''
is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1910.1000  Air contaminants.

* * * * *

                                            Table Z-3--Mineral Dusts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  Substance                                       mppcf \a\          mg/m\3\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Silica:
    Amorphous, including natural diatomaceous earth.........................                20        80 mg/m\3\
                                                                                -----------------
                                                                                %SiO2

                                                  * * * * * * *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
4. A new Sec.  1910.1053 is added, to read as follows:

Sec.  1910.1053  Respirable crystalline silica.

    (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to all
occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica, except:
    (2) Construction work as defined in 29 CFR 1910.12(b) and covered
under 29 CFR part 1926; and
    (3) Agricultural operations covered under 29 CFR part 1928.
    (b) Definitions. For the purposes of this section the following
definitions apply:

    Action level means a concentration of airborne respirable
crystalline silica of 25 micrograms per cubic meter of air (25 [mu]g/
m\3\), calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA).
    Assistant Secretary means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for
Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or designee.
    Competent person means one who is capable of identifying existing
and predictable respirable crystalline silica hazards in the
surroundings or working conditions and who has authorization to take
prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
    Director means the Director of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, or designee.
    Employee exposure means the exposure to airborne respirable
crystalline silica that would occur if the employee were not using a
respirator.
    High-efficiency particulate air [HEPA] filter means a filter that
is at least 99.97 percent efficient in removing mono-dispersed
particles of 0.3 micrometers in diameter.
    Objective data means information such as air monitoring data from
industry-wide surveys or calculations based on the composition or
chemical and physical properties of a substance demonstrating employee
exposure to respirable crystalline silica associated with a particular
product or material or a specific process, operation, or activity. The
data must reflect workplace conditions closely resembling the
processes, types of material, control methods, work practices, and
environmental conditions in the employer's current operations.
    Physician or other licensed health care professional [PLHCP] means
an individual whose legally permitted scope of practice (i.e., license,
registration, or certification) allows him or her to independently
provide or be delegated the responsibility to provide some or all of
the particular health care services required by paragraph (h) of this
section.
    Regulated area means an area, demarcated by the employer, where an
employee's exposure to airborne concentrations of respirable
crystalline silica exceeds, or can reasonably be expected to exceed,
the PEL.
    Respirable crystalline silica means airborne particles that contain
quartz, cristobalite, and/or tridymite and whose measurement is
determined by a sampling device designed to meet the characteristics
for respirable-particle-size-selective samplers specified in the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 7708:1995: Air
Quality--Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-Related
Sampling.
    This section means this respirable crystalline silica standard, 29
CFR 1910.1053.
    (c) Permissible exposure limit (PEL). The employer shall ensure
that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of respirable
crystalline silica in excess of 50 [mu]g/m\3\, calculated as an 8-hour
TWA.
    (d) Exposure assessment. (1) General. (i) Each employer covered by
this section shall assess the exposure of employees who are or may
reasonably be expected to be exposed to respirable crystalline silica
at or above the action level.
    (ii) The employer shall determine employee exposures from breathing
zone air samples that reflect the 8-hour TWA exposure of each employee.
    (iii) The employer shall determine 8-hour TWA exposures on the
basis of one or more air samples that reflect the exposures of
employees on each shift, for each job classification, in each work
area. Where several employees perform the same job tasks on the same
shift and in the same work area, the employer may sample a
representative fraction of these employees in order to meet this
requirement. In representative sampling, the employer shall sample the
employee(s) who are expected to have the highest exposure to respirable
crystalline silica.
    (2) Initial exposure assessment. (i) Except as provided for in
paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section, each employer shall perform
initial monitoring of employees who are, or may reasonably be expected
to be, exposed to airborne concentrations of respirable crystalline
silica at or above the action level.
    (ii) The employer may rely on existing data to satisfy this initial
monitoring requirement where the employer:
    (A) Has monitored employee exposures after [INSERT DATE 12 MONTHS
PRIOR TO EFFECTIVE DATE OF FINAL RULE] under conditions that closely
resemble those currently prevailing, provided that such monitoring
satisfies the requirements of paragraph (d)(5)(i) of this section with
respect to analytical methods employed; or
    (B) Has objective data that demonstrate that respirable crystalline
silica is not capable of being released in airborne concentrations at
or above the action level under any expected conditions of processing,
use, or handling.
    (3) Periodic exposure assessments. If initial monitoring indicates
that employee exposures are below the action level, the employer may
discontinue monitoring for those employees whose exposures are
represented by such monitoring. If initial monitoring indicates that
employee exposures are at or above the action level, the employer shall
assess employee exposures to respirable crystalline silica either under
the fixed schedule prescribed in paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section or
in accordance with the performance-based requirement prescribed in
paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section.
    (i) Fixed schedule option. (A) Where initial or subsequent exposure
monitoring reveals that employee exposures are at or above the action
level but at or below the PEL, the employer shall repeat such
monitoring at least every six months.
    (B) Where initial or subsequent exposure monitoring reveals that
employee exposures are above the PEL, the employer shall repeat such
monitoring at least every three months.
    (C) The employer shall continue monitoring at the required
frequency until at least two consecutive measurements, taken at least 7
days apart, are below the action level, at which time the employer may
discontinue monitoring for that employee, except as otherwise provided
in paragraph (d)(4) of this section.
    (ii) Performance option. The employer shall assess the 8-hour TWA
exposure for each employee on the basis of any combination of air
monitoring data or objective data sufficient to accurately characterize
employee exposures to respirable crystalline silica.
    (4) Additional exposure assessments. The employer shall conduct
additional exposure assessments as required under paragraph (d)(3) of
this section whenever a change in the production, process, control
equipment, personnel, or work practices may reasonably be expected to
result in new or additional exposures at or above the action level.
    (5) Method of sample analysis. (i) The employer shall ensure that
all samples taken to satisfy the monitoring requirements of paragraph
(d) of this section are evaluated using the procedures specified in one
of the following analytical methods: OSHA ID-142; NMAM 7500, NMAM 7602;
NMAM 7603; MSHA P-2; or MSHA P-7.
    (ii) The employer shall ensure that samples are analyzed by a
laboratory that:
    (A) Is accredited to ANS/ISO/IEC Standard 17025:2005 with respect
to crystalline silica analyses by a body that is compliant with ISO/IEC
Standard

17011:2004 for implementation of quality assessment programs;
    (B) Participates in round robin testing with at least two other
independent laboratories at least every six months;
    (C) Uses the most current National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) or NIST traceable standards for instrument
calibration or instrument calibration verification;
    (D) Implements an internal quality control (QC) program that
evaluates analytical uncertainty and provides employers with estimates
of sampling and analytical error;
    (E) Characterizes the sample material by identifying polymorphs of
respirable crystalline silica present, identifies the presence of any
interfering compounds that might affect the analysis, and makes any
corrections necessary in order to obtain accurate sample analysis;
    (F) Analyzes quantitatively for crystalline silica only after
confirming that the sample matrix is free of uncorrectable analytical
interferences, corrects for analytical interferences, and uses a method
that meets the following performance specifications:
    (1) Each day that samples are analyzed, performs instrument
calibration checks with standards that bracket the sample
concentrations;
    (2) Uses five or more calibration standard levels to prepare
calibration curves and ensures that standards are distributed through
the calibration range in a manner that accurately reflects the
underlying calibration curve; and
    (3) Optimizes methods and instruments to obtain a quantitative
limit of detection that represents a value no higher than 25 percent of
the PEL based on sample air volume.
    (6) Employee notification of assessment results. (i) Within 15
working days after completing an exposure assessment in accordance with
paragraph (d) of this section, the employer shall individually notify
each affected employee in writing of the results of that assessment or
post the results in an appropriate location accessible to all affected
employees.
    (ii) Whenever the exposure assessment indicates that employee
exposure is above the PEL, the employer shall describe in the written
notification the corrective action being taken to reduce employee
exposure to or below the PEL.
    (7) Observation of monitoring. (i) Where air monitoring is
performed to comply with the requirements of this section, the employer
shall provide affected employees or their designated representatives an
opportunity to observe any monitoring of employee exposure to
respirable crystalline silica.
    (ii) When observation of monitoring requires entry into an area
where the use of protective clothing or equipment is required, the
employer shall provide the observer with protective clothing and
equipment at no cost and shall ensure that the observer uses such
clothing and equipment.
    (e) Regulated areas and access control. (1) General. Wherever an
employee's exposure to airborne concentrations of respirable
crystalline silica is, or can reasonably be expected to be, in excess
of the PEL, each employer shall establish and implement either a
regulated area in accordance with paragraph (e)(2) of this section or
an access control plan in accordance with paragraph (e)(3) of this
section.
    (2) Regulated areas option. (i) Establishment. The employer shall
establish a regulated area wherever an employee's exposure to airborne
concentrations of respirable crystalline silica is, or can reasonably
be expected to be, in excess of the PEL.
    (ii) Demarcation. The employer shall demarcate regulated areas from
the rest of the workplace in any manner that adequately establishes and
alerts employees to the boundaries of the area and minimizes the number
of employees exposed to respirable crystalline silica within the
regulated area.
    (iii) Access. The employer shall limit access to regulated areas
to:
    (A) Persons authorized by the employer and required by work duties
to be present in the regulated area;
    (B) Any person entering such an area as a designated representative
of employees for the purpose of exercising the right to observe
monitoring procedures under paragraph (d) of this section; and
    (C) Any person authorized by the Occupational Safety and Health Act
or regulations issued under it to be in a regulated area.
    (iv) Provision of respirators. The employer shall provide each
employee and the employee's designated representative entering a
regulated area with an appropriate respirator in accordance with
paragraph (g) of this section and shall require each employee and the
employee's designated representative to use the respirator while in a
regulated area.
    (v) Protective work clothing in regulated areas. (A) Where there is
the potential for employees' work clothing to become grossly
contaminated with finely divided material containing crystalline
silica, the employer shall provide either of the following:
    (1) Appropriate protective clothing such as coveralls or similar
full-bodied clothing; or
    (2) Any other means to remove excessive silica dust from
contaminated clothing that minimizes employee exposure to respirable
crystalline silica.
    (B) The employer shall ensure that such clothing is removed or
cleaned upon exiting the regulated area and before respiratory
protection is removed.
    (3) Written access control plan option. (i) The employer shall
establish and implement a written access control plan.
    (ii) The written access control plan shall contain at least the
following elements:
    (A) Provisions for a competent person to identify the presence and
location of any areas where respirable crystalline silica exposures
are, or can reasonably be expected to be, in excess of the PEL;
    (B) Procedures for notifying employees of the presence and location
of areas identified pursuant to paragraph (e)(3)(ii)(A) of this
section, and for demarcating such areas from the rest of the workplace
where appropriate;
    (C) For multi-employer workplaces, the methods the employer covered
by this section will use to inform other employer(s) of the presence
and location of areas where respirable crystalline silica exposures may
exceed the PEL, and any precautionary measures that need to be taken to
protect employees;
    (D) Provisions for limiting access to areas where respirable
crystalline silica exposures may exceed the PEL to effectively minimize
the number of employees exposed and the level of employee exposure;
    (E) Procedures for providing each employee and their designated
representative entering an area where respirable crystalline silica
exposures may exceed the PEL with an appropriate respirator in
accordance with paragraph (g) of this section, and requiring each
employee and their designated representative to use the respirator
while in the area; and
    (F) Where there is the potential for employees' work clothing to
become grossly contaminated with finely divided material containing
crystalline silica:
    (1) Provisions for the employer to provide either appropriate
protective clothing such as coveralls or similar full-bodied clothing,
or any other means to remove excessive silica dust from contaminated
clothing that minimizes employee exposure to respirable crystalline
silica; and
    (2) Provisions for the removal or cleaning of such clothing.

    (iii) The employer shall review and evaluate the effectiveness of
the written access control plan at least annually and update it as
necessary.
    (iv) The employer shall make the written access control plan
available for examination and copying, upon request, to employees,
their designated representatives, the Assistant Secretary and the
Director.
    (f) Methods of compliance. (1) Engineering and work practice
controls. The employer shall use engineering and work practice controls
to reduce and maintain employee exposure to respirable crystalline
silica to or below the PEL unless the employer can demonstrate that
such controls are not feasible. Wherever such feasible engineering and
work practice controls are not sufficient to reduce employee exposure
to or below the PEL, the employer shall nonetheless use them to reduce
employee exposure to the lowest feasible level and shall supplement
them with the use of respiratory protection that complies with the
requirements of paragraph (g) of this section.
    (2) Abrasive blasting. In addition to the requirements of paragraph
(f)(1) of this section, the employer shall comply with the requirements
of 29 CFR 1910.94 (Ventilation), 29 CFR 1915.34 (Mechanical paint
removers), and 29 CFR part 1915, subpart I (Personal Protective
Equipment), as applicable, where abrasive blasting operations are
conducted using crystalline silica-containing blasting agents, or where
abrasive blasting operations are conducted on substrates that contain
crystalline silica.
    (3) Cleaning methods. (i) The employer shall ensure that
accumulations of crystalline silica are cleaned by HEPA-filter
vacuuming or wet methods where such accumulations could, if disturbed,
contribute to employee exposure to respirable crystalline silica that
exceeds the PEL.
    (ii) Compressed air, dry sweeping, and dry brushing shall not be
used to clean clothing or surfaces contaminated with crystalline silica
where such activities could contribute to employee exposure to
respirable crystalline silica that exceeds the PEL.
    (4) Prohibition of rotation. The employer shall not rotate
employees to different jobs to achieve compliance with the PEL.
    (g) Respiratory protection. (1) General. Where respiratory
protection is required by this section, the employer must provide each
employee an appropriate respirator that complies with the requirements
of this paragraph and 29 CFR 1910.134. Respiratory protection is
required:
    (i) Where exposures exceed the PEL during periods necessary to
install or implement feasible engineering and work practice controls;
    (ii) Where exposures exceed the PEL during work operations for
which engineering and work practice controls are not feasible;
    (iii) During work operations for which an employer has implemented
all feasible engineering and work practice controls and such controls
are not sufficient to reduce exposures to or below the PEL; and
    (iv) During periods when the employee is in a regulated area
pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section.
    (v) During periods when the employee is in an area where respirator
use is required under an access control plan pursuant to paragraph
(e)(3) of this section.
    (2) Respiratory protection program. Where respirator use is
required by this section, the employer shall institute a respiratory
protection program in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134.
    (h) Medical surveillance. (1) General. (i) The employer shall make
medical surveillance available at no cost to the employee, and at a
reasonable time and place, for each employee who will be occupationally
exposed to respirable crystalline silica above the PEL for 30 or more
days per year.
    (ii) The employer shall ensure that all medical examinations and
procedures required by this section are performed by a PLHCP as defined
in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (2) Initial examination. The employer shall make available an
initial (baseline) medical examination within 30 days after initial
assignment, unless the employee has received a medical examination that
meets the requirements of this section within the last three years. The
examination shall consist of:
    (i) A medical and work history, with emphasis on: Past, present,
and anticipated exposure to respirable crystalline silica, dust, and
other agents affecting the respiratory system; any history of
respiratory system dysfunction, including signs and symptoms of
respiratory disease (e.g., shortness of breath, cough, wheezing);
history of tuberculosis; and smoking status and history;
    (ii) A physical examination with special emphasis on the
respiratory system;
    (iii) A chest X-ray (posterior/anterior view; no less than 14 x 17
inches and no more than 16 x 17 inches at full inspiration),
interpreted and classified according to the International Labour
Organization (ILO) International Classification of Radiographs of
Pneumoconioses by a NIOSH-certified ``B'' reader, or an equivalent
diagnostic study;
    (iv) A pulmonary function test to include forced vital capacity
(FVC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) and
FEV1/FVC ratio, administered by a spirometry technician with
current certification from a NIOSH-approved spirometry course;
    (v) Testing for latent tuberculosis infection; and
    (vi) Any other tests deemed appropriate by the PLHCP.
    (3) Periodic examinations. The employer shall make available
medical examinations that include the procedures described in paragraph
(h)(2) (except paragraph (h)(2)(v)) of this section at least every
three years, or more frequently if recommended by the PLHCP.
    (4) Information provided to the PLHCP. The employer shall ensure
that the examining PLHCP has a copy of this standard, and shall provide
the PLHCP with the following information:
    (i) A description of the affected employee's former, current, and
anticipated duties as they relate to the employee's occupational
exposure to respirable crystalline silica;
    (ii) The employee's former, current, and anticipated levels of
occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica;
    (iii) A description of any personal protective equipment used or to
be used by the employee, including when and for how long the employee
has used that equipment; and
    (iv) Information from records of employment-related medical
examinations previously provided to the affected employee and currently
within the control of the employer.
    (5) PLHCP's written medical opinion. (i) The employer shall obtain
a written medical opinion from the PLHCP within 30 days of each medical
examination performed on each employee. The written opinion shall
contain:
    (A) A description of the employee's health condition as it relates
to exposure to respirable crystalline silica, including the PLHCP's
opinion as to whether the employee has any detected medical
condition(s) that would place the employee at increased risk of
material impairment to health from exposure to respirable crystalline
silica;
    (B) Any recommended limitations upon the employee's exposure to
respirable crystalline silica or upon the use of personal protective
equipment such as respirators;

    (C) A statement that the employee should be examined by an American
Board Certified Specialist in Pulmonary Disease (``pulmonary
specialist'') pursuant to paragraph (h)(6) of this section if the chest
X-ray provided in accordance with this section is classified as 1/0 or
higher by the ``B'' reader, or if referral to a pulmonary specialist is
otherwise deemed appropriate by the PLHCP; and
    (D) A statement that the PLHCP has explained to the employee the
results of the medical examination, including findings of any medical
conditions related to respirable crystalline silica exposure that
require further evaluation or treatment, and any recommendations
related to use of protective clothing or equipment.
    (ii) The employer shall ensure that the PLHCP does not reveal to
the employer specific findings or diagnoses unrelated to occupational
exposure to respirable crystalline silica.
    (iii) The employer shall provide a copy of the PLHCP's written
medical opinion to the examined employee within two weeks after
receiving it.
    (6) Additional examinations. (i) If the PLHCP's written medical
opinion indicates that an employee should be examined by a pulmonary
specialist, the employer shall make available a medical examination by
a pulmonary specialist within 30 days after receiving the PLHCP's
written medical opinion.
    (ii) The employer shall ensure that the examining pulmonary
specialist is provided with all of the information that the employer is
obligated to provide to the PLHCP in accordance with paragraph (h)(4)
of this section.
    (iii) The employer shall obtain a written medical opinion from the
pulmonary specialist that meets the requirements of paragraph (h)(5)
(except paragraph (h)(5)(i)(C)) of this section.
    (i) Communication of respirable crystalline silica hazards to
employees. (1) Hazard communication. The employer shall include
respirable crystalline silica in the program established to comply with
the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (29 CFR 1910.1200). The
employer shall ensure that each employee has access to labels on
containers of crystalline silica and safety data sheets, and is trained
in accordance with the provisions of HCS and paragraph (i)(2) of this
section. The employer shall ensure that at least the following hazards
are addressed: Cancer, lung effects, immune system effects, and kidney
effects.
    (2) Employee information and training. (i) The employer shall
ensure that each affected employee can demonstrate knowledge of at
least the following:
    (A) Specific operations in the workplace that could result in
exposure to respirable crystalline silica, especially operations where
exposure may exceed the PEL;
    (B) Specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect
employees from exposure to respirable crystalline silica, including
appropriate work practices and use of personal protective equipment
such as respirators and protective clothing;
    (C) The contents of this section; and
    (D) The purpose and a description of the medical surveillance
program required by paragraph (h) of this section.
    (ii) The employer shall make a copy of this section readily
available without cost to each affected employee.
    (j) Recordkeeping. (1) Air monitoring data. (i) The employer shall
maintain an accurate record of all exposure measurement results used or
relied on to characterize employee exposure to respirable crystalline
silica, as prescribed in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (ii) This record shall include at least the following information:
    (A) The date of measurement for each sample taken;
    (B) The operation monitored;
    (C) Sampling and analytical methods used;
    (D) Number, duration, and results of samples taken;
    (E) Identity of the laboratory that performed the analysis;
    (F) Type of personal protective equipment, such as respirators,
worn by the employees monitored; and
    (G) Name, social security number, and job classification of all
employees represented by the monitoring, indicating which employees
were actually monitored.
    (iii) The employer shall ensure that exposure records are
maintained and made available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
    (2) Objective data. (i) The employer shall maintain an accurate
record of all objective data relied upon to comply with the
requirements of this section.
    (ii) This record shall include at least the following information:
    (A) The crystalline silica-containing material in question;
    (B) The source of the objective data;
    (C) The testing protocol and results of testing;
    (D) A description of the process, operation, or activity and how
the data support the assessment; and
    (E) Other data relevant to the process, operation, activity,
material, or employee exposures.
    (iii) The employer shall ensure that objective data are maintained
and made available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
    (3) Medical surveillance. (i) The employer shall establish and
maintain an accurate record for each employee covered by medical
surveillance under paragraph (h) of this section.
    (ii) The record shall include the following information about the
employee:
    (A) Name and social security number;
    (B) A copy of the PLHCP's and pulmonary specialist's written
opinions; and
    (C) A copy of the information provided to the PLHCPs and pulmonary
specialists as required by paragraph (h)(4) of this section.
    (iii) The employer shall ensure that medical records are maintained
and made available in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1020.
    (k) Dates. (1) Effective date. This section shall become effective
November 12, 2013
    (2) Start-up dates. (i) All obligations of this section, except
engineering controls required by paragraph (f) of this section and
laboratory requirements in paragraph (d)(5)(ii) of this section,
commence 180 days after the effective date.
    (ii) Engineering controls required by paragraph (f) of this section
shall be implemented no later than one year after the effective date.