[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 105 (Thursday, June 3, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 29688-29689]
[FR Doc No: 2021-11573]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 97

[Docket No. 31371; Amdt. No. 3958]

Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and
Obstacle Departure Procedures; Miscellaneous Amendments

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This rule amends, suspends, or removes Standard Instrument
Approach Procedures (SIAPs) and associated Takeoff Minimums and
Obstacle Departure Procedures for operations at certain airports. These
regulatory actions are needed because of the adoption of new or revised
criteria, or because of changes occurring in the National Airspace
System, such as the commissioning of new navigational facilities,
adding new obstacles, or changing air traffic requirements. These
changes are designed to provide for the safe and efficient use of the
navigable airspace and to promote safe flight operations under
instrument flight rules at the affected airports.

DATES: This rule is effective June 3, 2021. The compliance date for
each SIAP, associated Takeoff Minimums, and ODP is specified in the
amendatory provisions.
    The incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in
the regulations is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as
of June 3, 2021.

ADDRESSES: Availability of matter incorporated by reference in the
amendment is as follows:

For Examination

    1. U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Ops-M30, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE, West Bldg., Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001;
    2. The FAA Air Traffic Organization Service Area in which the
affected airport is located;
    3. The office of Aeronautical Navigation Products, 6500 South
MacArthur Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73169 or,
    4. The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).
    For information on the availability of this material at NARA, email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or go to: https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.

Availability

    All SIAPs and Takeoff Minimums and ODPs are available online free
of charge. Visit the National Flight Data Center online at nfdc.faa.gov
to register. Additionally, individual SIAP and Takeoff Minimums and ODP
copies may be obtained from the FAA Air Traffic Organization Service
Area in which the affected airport is located.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Thomas J. Nichols, Flight Procedures
and Airspace Group, Flight Technologies and Procedures Division, Flight
Standards Service, Federal Aviation Administration. Mailing Address:
FAA Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, Flight Procedures and Airspace
Group, 6500 South MacArthur Blvd., Registry Bldg. 29, Room 104,
Oklahoma City, OK 73169. Telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This rule amends 14 CFR part 97 by amending
the referenced SIAPs. The complete regulatory description of each SIAP
is listed on the appropriate FAA Form 8260, as modified by the National
Flight Data Center (NFDC)/Permanent Notice to Airmen (P-NOTAM), and is
incorporated by reference under 5 U.S.C. 552(a), 1 CFR part 51, and 14
CFR 97.20. The large number of SIAPs, their complex nature, and the
need for a special format make their verbatim publication in the
Federal Register expensive and impractical. Further, airmen do not use
the regulatory text of the SIAPs, but refer to their graphic depiction
on charts printed by publishers of aeronautical materials. Thus, the
advantages of incorporation by reference are realized and publication
of the complete description of each SIAP contained on FAA form
documents is unnecessary. This amendment provides the affected CFR
sections, and specifies the SIAPs and Takeoff Minimums and ODPs with
their applicable effective dates. This amendment also identifies the
airport and its location, the procedure and the amendment number.

Availability and Summary of Material Incorporated by Reference

    The material incorporated by reference is publicly available as
listed in the ADDRESSES section.
    The material incorporated by reference describes SIAPs, Takeoff
Minimums and ODPs as identified in the amendatory language for part 97
of this final rule.

The Rule

    This amendment to 14 CFR part 97 is effective upon publication of
each separate SIAP and Takeoff Minimums and ODP as amended in the
transmittal. For safety and timeliness of change considerations, this
amendment incorporates only specific changes contained for each SIAP
and Takeoff Minimums and ODP as modified by FDC permanent NOTAMs.
    The SIAPs and Takeoff Minimums and ODPs, as modified by FDC
permanent NOTAM, and contained in this amendment are based on criteria
contained in the U.S. Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures
(TERPS). In developing these changes to

SIAPs and Takeoff Minimums and ODPs, the TERPS criteria were applied
only to specific conditions existing at the affected airports. All SIAP
amendments in this rule have been previously issued by the FAA in a FDC
NOTAM as an emergency action of immediate flight safety relating
directly to published aeronautical charts.
    The circumstances that created the need for these SIAP and Takeoff
Minimums and ODP amendments require making them effective in less than
30 days.
    Because of the close and immediate relationship between these
SIAPs, Takeoff Minimums and ODPs, and safety in air commerce, I find
that notice and public procedure under 5 U.S.C. 553(b) are
impracticable and contrary to the public interest and, where
applicable, under 5 U.S.C. 553(d), good cause exists for making these
SIAPs effective in less than 30 days.
    The FAA has determined that this regulation only involves an
established body of technical regulations for which frequent and
routine amendments are necessary to keep them operationally current.
It, therefore--(1) is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under
Executive Order 12866; (2) is not a ``significant rule'' under DOT
regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034; February 26, 1979);
and (3) does not warrant preparation of a regulatory evaluation as the
anticipated impact is so minimal. For the same reason, the FAA
certifies that this amendment will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria of
the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 97

    Air Traffic Control, Airports, Incorporation by reference,
Navigation (Air).

    Issued in Washington, DC, on May 14, 2021.
Wade Terrell,
Aviation Safety, Manager, Flight Procedures & Airspace Group, Flight
Technologies and Procedures Division.

Adoption of The Amendment

    Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me, Title 14
CFR part 97, (is amended by amending Standard Instrument Approach
Procedures and Takeoff Minimums and ODPs, effective at 0901 UTC on the
dates specified, as follows:

PART 97--STANDARD INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES

0
1. The authority citation for part 97 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103, 40106, 40113,
40114, 40120, 44502, 44514, 44701, 44719, 44721-44722.

0
2. Part 97 is amended to read as follows:
    By amending: Sec.  97.23 VOR, VOR/DME, VOR or TACAN, and VOR/DME or
TACAN; Sec.  97.25 LOC, LOC/DME, LDA, LDA/DME, SDF, SDF/DME; Sec.
97.27 NDB, NDB/DME; Sec.  97.29 ILS, ILS/DME, MLS, MLS/DME,MLS/RNAV;
Sec.  97.31 RADAR SIAPs; Sec.  97.33 RNAV SIAPs; and Sec.  97.35 COPTER
SIAPs, Identified as follows:
    . . . Effective Upon Publication

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            AIRAC Date                     State                 City                 Airport            FDC No.        FDC Date           Subject
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17-Jun-21........................  AZ..................  Phoenix.............  Phoenix--Mesa                 1/4059         2/17/21  This NOTAM,
                                                                                Gateway.                                              published in
                                                                                Docket No. 31369,
                                                                                Amdt No. 3956, TL
                                                                                21-13, (86 FR
                                                                                26382; May 14,
                                                                                2021) is hereby
                                                                                rescinded in its
                                                                                entirety.
17-Jun-21........................  AZ..................  Phoenix.............  Phoenix--Mesa                 1/4061         2/17/21  This NOTAM,
                                                                                Gateway.                                              published in
                                                                                Docket No. 31369,
                                                                                Amdt No. 3956, TL
                                                                                21-13, (86 FR
                                                                                26382; May 14,
                                                                                2021) is hereby
                                                                                rescinded in its
                                                                                entirety.
17-Jun-21........................  AZ..................  Phoenix.............  Phoenix--Mesa                 1/4062         2/17/21  This NOTAM,
                                                                                Gateway.                                              published in
                                                                                Docket No. 31369,
                                                                                Amdt No. 3956, TL
                                                                                21-13, (86 FR
                                                                                26382; May 14,
                                                                                2021) is hereby
                                                                                rescinded in its
                                                                                entirety.
17-Jun-21........................  CA..................  Jackson.............  Westover Fld Amador           1/8591          2/9/21  This NOTAM,
                                                                                County.                                               published in
                                                                                Docket No. 31369,
                                                                                Amdt No. 3956, TL
                                                                                21-13, (86 FR
                                                                                26382; May 14,
                                                                                2021) is hereby
                                                                                rescinded in its
                                                                                entirety.
17-Jun-21........................  MN..................  Hibbing.............  Range Rgnl..........          1/9810         2/22/21  This NOTAM,
                                                                                published in
                                                                                Docket No. 31369,
                                                                                Amdt No. 3956, TL
                                                                                21-13, (86 FR
                                                                                26382; May 14,
                                                                                2021) is hereby
                                                                                rescinded in its
                                                                                entirety.
17-Jun-21........................  MN..................  Hibbing.............  Range Rgnl..........          1/0137          5/4/21  ILS OR LOC RWY 31,
                                                                                Amdt 13.
17-Jun-21........................  WV..................  Petersburg..........  Grant County........          1/1961         4/30/21  LDA/DME-B, Amdt 3B.
17-Jun-21........................  WV..................  Petersburg..........  Grant County........          1/1962         4/30/21  VOR/DME-A, Amdt 2B.
17-Jun-21........................  NM..................  Alamogordo..........  Alamogordo--White             1/4316         4/29/21  RNAV (GPS) RWY 4,
                                                                                Sands Rgnl.                                           Amdt 2.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 2021-11573 Filed 6-2-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 ICF Consulting Review of Majersik, Steffans and
Caravati (2004)

Introduction

ICF delivered a review of a preliminary conference abstract by Beck and
Caravati, “Neurotoxicity Associated with 1-Bromane Exposure” in
January 2003 (attached as an addendum).  The preliminary data reported
by Beck and Caravati were augmented by fuller descriptions of exposure
and medical information in a subsequent conference report by Majersik,
Steffans and Caravati 2004, “Chronic Exposure to 1- Bromopropane
Associated with Spastic Paraparesis and Distal Neuropathy: A Report of
Six Foam Gluers.”  In the Majersik et. al. report information
concerning medical follow up of the workers and exposure monitoring were
better described.

Study Results

As was reported by Beck and Caravati, the case report indicates that six
workers in a foam cushion factory were exposed to an adhesive mixture
containing 70% 1-BP, 0.3% 1,2-epoxybutane, 10% styrene-butadiene rubber,
and 20% rosin ester.  Three individuals were applying the glue with a
spray gun and the remaining three individuals were in close proximity to
the gluing station.  Majersik et. al. reports that these exposures were
measured by OSHA.  Three workers wore personal air sampling devices at
neck level and the air was sampled for their entire 8hr work day. The
"ventilation system" consisted of only passive fans.  The personal air
samplers were replaced twice for a total of 3x3=9 samples. No
information was given regarding the dimensions of the room.

Initially, OSHA told Caravati that the samples were taken after gluing
operations had been shut down and this is reflected in Beck and Caravati
and the documents written about the study in the summer of 2004.  In
fall 2004 Majersik spoke with OSHA officials again and was able to view
a video of the sampling procedure.  From the video Majersik determined
that the air samples were taken during gluing operations and not on the
day after gluing operations ceased. The OSHA inspector confirmed that he
took air samples during gluing operations, not the day after.  Dr.
Majersik confirmed that the gluers held the spray gun in their bare
hands and sprayed onto foam pads between waist and chest height so the
distance from the their breathing zone as at most a couple feet for the
active gluers (Personal Conversation on exposure with Dr. Majersik,
November 2004).

In addition to the symptoms documented by Beck and Caravati below, all
patients complained of subacute onset of lower extremity pain or
paresthesias and 5 of 6 complained of difficulty walking.  After medical
exams, five patients had bilateral lower extremity spastic paraparesis,
distal sensory loss, and hyperreflexia. Serum bromide concentrations
ranged from 44 to 170 mg/dL (reference 0-40 mg/dL). Factitious
hyperchloremia was present with serum chloride concentrations of 105 to
139 mmol/L (reference 98-107 mmol/L). Air samples taken at the workplace
the day of gluing operations revealed a nPB mean air concentration of
130 ppm (range 91-176 ppm). As explained above, these levels are based
on personal monitors at nose level. Fifteen months later, the two most
severely affected patients had only regained minimal function and still
required assistance to walk; three patients continued to experience
chronic neuropathic pain. Chronic exposure to high vapor concentrations
of nPB in the workplace was associated with a distinct and
incapacitating neurotoxic syndrome.

Conclusion

The conclusions that ICF previously reported in the appended review
remain the same.  Had an AEL of 25ppm or lower been adhered to, these
medical effects would not have occurred.

Addendum

  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 ICF Consulting Review of Beck and Caravati (2003)

ICF has been asked to review the conference abstract, “Neurotoxicity
Associated with 1-Bromane Exposure” by Beck and Caravati (2003).
Further, ICF will discuss the relevance of this case report to other
studies in humans and will discuss whether this study allows for the
identification of an alternate NOAEL/LOAEL for the determination of an
Acceptable Exposure Limit for n-propylbromide (i.e., 1-bromopropane).

Study Results

The case report indicates that six workers in a foam cushion factory
were exposed to an adhesive mixture containing 70% 1-BP, 0.3%
1,2-epoxybutane, 10% styrene-butadiene rubber, and 20% rosin ester.
Three individuals were applying the glue with a spray gun and the
remaining three individuals were in close proximity to the gluing
station.  The abstract did not indicate the distance of the six
individuals from the spray stream, but the working area was reportedly
poorly ventilated.  The mean air concentration of nPB was 130 ppm
(range, 91-176 ppm), but no details regarding the number of air samples
or their location were provided.  There were no other reported exposures
to potential neurotoxins, although exposure to other solvents in the
factory could not be ruled out based on the information reported in the
abstract.  The individuals tasked with spraying the glue reportedly did
not wear any latex gloves to protect their hands and it was not known
whether respirators were worn by exposed individuals in the factory. The
workers were exposed 30-40 hours/week for 3 months.

All six individuals complained of lower leg weakness, which increased
gradually in severity, pain, difficulty in standing and walking, and
numbness of the legs and feet.  Four workers (responsibilities not
specified) also exhibited hyperreflexia (increased reflex actions) and
hypertonicity (excessive tension of the muscles) of the lower
extremities.  Three individuals complained of occipital (back of the
head) headaches, while two workers complained of shortness of breath and
dizziness.  The serum bromide levels in the workers had a range of
44-170 mg/dL with concurrent serum chloride levels in the range of
105-139 mM.  After exposure was stopped, the workers' serum bromide
levels decreased (recovery levels were unreported) but the symptoms and
complaints remained for >2 months.

Conclusions

Because of the lack of specific information and the small number of
individuals studied, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the
human dose-response of potential nPB-induced toxicity in this case
report.  Nevertheless, the data indicate that all of the exposed
individuals exhibited peripheral neuropathy following three months'
exposure (6-8 hours/day) to a mean concentration of 130 ppm nPB in
combination with other solvents (epoxybutane, styrene, and butadiene).
One-half of the individuals complained of headaches.  These data may
indicate that central nervous system effects lag behind those of the
peripheral nervous system, or require a larger cumulative dose of nPB.
These data suggest that headaches are not a particularly sensitive
endpoint in humans exposed to nPB.  One significant limitation of the
presented data is the lack of specificity regarding which workers
complained of, or presented with, the reported symptoms.  Further, it is
not known how much nPB may have been absorbed through the skin following
dermal exposure to the sprayed glue; it can be inferred that dermal
exposure to the solvent contributed to the onset of symptoms.  Exposure
concentrations of the other compounds present in the glue formulation
were also missing from the case report and represent a significant gap
in the data.  Styrene is a central nervous system toxicant and there are
data indicating it also adversely impacts peripheral nerves
(IRIS-Styrene, 2003).  Butadiene has been identified as a reproductive
toxicant in mice, with potential reproductive toxicity in humans;
limited data exist regarding its neuroactive potential.

The possibility exists that the compounds may have acted synergistically
in the exposed individuals.  Certain epidemiological studies suggest a
syndrome known as psycho-organic syndrome, which has been used to
describe the symptomatology observed in workers heavily exposed to a
variety of organic solvents (IRIS-Styrene, 2003).  Examples of specific
effects include neurasthenia (nervous exhaustion and functional
fatigue), personality alterations, unsteadiness, dizziness, and vertigo,
some of which were complaints of the exposed individuals in this case
report.

Even with these limitations, however, the data indicate that significant
and persistent peripheral neurotoxicity occurs following subchronic
exposure to a minimum of 91 ppm nPB in the air.  These data indicate
that an AEL of 25 ppm or lower is prudent and protective of human health
for occupational workers and that an AEL of 60-90 ppm is not
recommended.  Further, the data indicate that gloves should be worn by
all personnel working with sprayed adhesives containing nPB.  The
effects in this case report are consistent with those reported in other
case studies (Ichihara et al., 2002; Sclar, 1999).  This case report
does not provide data useful for the identification of a NOAEL or LOAEL
for nPB.

References

Beck BR, and Caravati EM.  2003. Neurotoxicity associated with
1-bromopropane exposure.  Abstract 210. J Toxicology Clinical Toxicology
 41(5):729 August 2003.

Ichihara, G. et al. 2002.  Neurological disorders in three workers
exposed to 1-bromopropane.  J Occup Health 44:1-7.

IRIS-Styrene. 2003.  Integrated Risk Information System. Profile for
styrene.  Downloaded November, 2003.

Majersik, Steffans and Caravati “Chronic Exposure to 1-Bromopropane
Associated with Spastic Paraparesis and Distal Neuropathy: A Report of
Six Foam Cushion Gluers” Salt Lake City, Utah.  A study presented
October 5, 2004, at the 129th annual meeting of the American
Neurological Association in Toronto.

Majersik, Jennifer (2002) E-mail from Dr. Jennifer Majersik to ICF
Consulting, containing information on exposure scenario in the report
“Chronic Exposure to 1-Bromopropane Associated with Spastic
Paraparesis and Distal Neuropathy: A Report of Six Foam Cushion
Gluers,” November 2004

Sclar G. 1999.  Encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy following exposure to
an industrial solvent. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 101(3):199-202.

***DRAFT – December 13, 2004 – DO NOT CITE OR QUOTE***