Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) ii PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) iii William C. Herz Director of Scientific Programs M E M O R A N D U M TO: Product Testing Recipient FROM: William C. Herz, Director, Scientific Programs SUBJECT: Phosphoric Acid Product Testing Dossier DATE: March 15, 2003 It is with great pleasure that The Fertilizer Institute ( TFI) announces the completion and distribution of the final product testing dossier for Phosphoric Acid ( CAS # 7664 38 2).

As you are aware, TFI sponsored this four   year program to develop and summarize screening level hazard information for high production volume ( HPV) chemicals. The data elements generated represent a broad overview of human health and ecological parameters. These include a physical  chemical characterization, environmental fate, mammalian toxicity and ecotoxicity. A health and environmental safety data summary dossier was prepared for each of the 23 materials. It summarizes the available literature data, new testing data, category description and read across data as well as provides a conclusion regarding the inherent hazards of the material.

Upon receipt of this data a 90 calendar day regulatory trigger starts within which you must update your material safety data sheets ( MS DS). Upon first product shipment you must also notify your distributors and employers once the MS DS has been updated. These regulatory requirements are detailed in 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 5) and 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 6)( i). The requirements are found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration " Hazard Communication Standard" ( 29 CFR 1910.1200).

Please note that by receipt of this data; you agree not to distribute or sell this data beyond your own company. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) iv PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW............................................................................................................... 1 SIDS PROFILE .................................................................................................................................. 10 SIDS DATA SUMMARY FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID .................................................................... 11 1. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................... 13 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA ......................................................................................... 20 3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS................................................................. 26 4. ECOTOXICITY.................................................................................................................... 31 5. TOXICITY............................................................................................................................ 35 6. REFERENCES...................................................................................................................... 49 LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A SIDS Data Availability Summary APPENDIX B SIDS Data Summaries for the Acids Category ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BCF Bioconcentration Factor bw Body Weight DAP Diammonium Phosphate DOT Department of Transportation FDA U. S. Food and Drug Administration g/ L Grams per Liter GLP Good Laboratory Practices GTSP Granular Triple Super Phosphate g/ mL Grams per Milliliter HSDB Hazardous Substance Data Bank IPCS International Programme for Chemical Safety KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Koc Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient Kow Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient LC50 Median Lethal Concentration LD50 Median Lethal Dose LOAEL Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level LOEC Lowest Observable Effect Concentration LOEL Lowest Observable Effect Level Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) vi M Molar MAP Monoammonium Phosphate mg/ kg Milligrams per Kilogram mg/ kg/ day Milligrams per Kilogram per Day mg/ L Milligrams per Liter MHb Methyl Hemoglobin mm Hg Millimeters of Mercury mmol/ L Millimoles per Liter NaNo3 Sodium Nitrate NFPA National Fire Prevention Association ( NH4) 2NO3 Ammonium Nitrate NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NO3 Nitrate NOAEL No Observable Adverse Effect Level NOEC No Observable Effect Concentration NOEL No Observable Effect Level OECD Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Pa Pascal ppm Parts per Million SCAS Semi Continuous Activated Sludge SIDS Screening Information Data Set SSP Single Super Phosphate TLm Median Toxicity Level TLV Threshold Limit Value TFI The Fertilizer Institute UAN Urea Ammonia Nitrogen PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 1 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW I. INTRODUCTION The Fertilizer Institute, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a Product Testing Project to collect, review, summarize, and where necessary develop additional health and environmental safety data for 23 of its high production volume inorganic fertilizer materials. These data and summaries provide valuable information that can be used to update Material Safety Data Sheets, answer customers' questions, and support product stewardship efforts. The chemical industry is also participating in a voluntary program of comparable scope for high production volume organic chemicals. 1 The 23 fertilizer materials were divided into five categories ( i. e., ammonia compounds, nitrate compounds, phosphate compounds, salts and acids) based on their primary constituents as shown in Table 1. The use of categories is a recognized and accepted method that allows health and environmental safety data from one chemical in the category to be used to represent one or more other related chemicals in the category ( USEPA 1999). The key is to find similar, or at least predictable, patterns and trends among the chemicals in a category. In this way, data can be pooled, resources are optimized, and fewer animals are used in testing, all without losing the ability to evaluate the hazards and safety of the individual chemicals. Note that some of the materials fall into more than one category ( e. g., diammonium phosphate [ DAP] is in both the phosphate and ammonia categories).

Searches were conducted using on line databases, standard reference texts, and other published sources for data describing toxicity, ecotoxicity, environmental fate, and physical chemical properties. The collected data were reviewed for quality and acceptability and then summarized according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD) Screening Information Data Set ( SIDS) dossier format ( OECD 1997). The OECD countries ( including the United States) have agreed on a set of tests and on types of data ( referred to as ` data elements') that are generally necessary to characterize the chemical behavior and potential hazards of chemicals released into the environment. The OECD SIDS dossier was chosen as a standard format for the TFI Product Testing Project in order that it would be scientifically defensive, broadly applicable and easily understandable to a wide range of stakeholders.

The following sections of this Executive Overview provide: the rationale for development of the Acids category ( Section II); a synopsis of the available data related to the physical chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of all three acids ( phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric) in the category ( Section III); and a conclusion regarding the need for additional testing ( Section IV).

The data for phosphoric acid are summarized in the Chemical Profile and Data Summary tables. Because the evaluation of data gaps relies on a category approach, the Data 1 HPV Chemical Challenge Program; USEPA 1999 ( http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ chemrtk/ volchall. htm) Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 2 Summary table references Appendix B when data are available for sulfuric and/ or nitric acids for those data elements where no phosphoric acid data are available. Appendix B provides a summary of the data for all three acids. The individual studies for phosphoric acid are described and the references are presented in subsequent pages of this document. Separate data summary documents are available for nitric and sulfuric acid. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 3 II. Rationale for the Acids Category The acids category for fertilizer materials includes nitric, phosphoric and sulfuric acids. These acids are water soluble and dissociate into their constituent ions. The toxicological effects of strong acids are primarily related to low pH.

The acids are corrosive upon contact with animal and human tissues, whether via dermal contact, inhaled or swallowed. Acidity ( i. e., low pH) also causes toxicity to fish. The mechanisms involved in acid induced toxicity vary depending upon levels of acidity and interactions with other components ( McKenna and Duerr 1976). Below pH 3, acidity causes coagulation of mucus on fish gill surfaces resulting in subsequent anoxia or respiratory failure ( Packer and Dunson 1970). At slightly higher pH values, fish mortality occurs due to a decrease in sodium and chloride ions and an increase in hydrogen ions in the blood ( Schofield and Trojnar 1980). The data indicate that there are only subtle, although measurable, differences in the toxicity contribution of various anions. A comparison study revealed that sulfuric acid is most toxic, nitric and hydrochloric acids are moderately toxic, and phosphoric acid is the least toxic to fish. Presumably the difference in the toxic effect of these acids is due to the anions produced upon dissociation ( Alkahem 1989).

III. Summary of Data Available for the Acids Category Because these acids may be produced and used at varying concentrations, the available data may have been collected using acids of different strengths. Physical chemical properties may vary relative to the concentration of the acid being tested. Therefore, data are presented for different concentration acids if available. In addition, aquatic and animal toxicity tests are generally conducted on as pure a test material as can be obtained. Therefore, care must be exercised when evaluating the effects that may result from exposure to lower strength acids. Aquatic data are presented as effects related to pH, while the data for the animal toxicity testing retains the traditional measurement units.

Physical Chemical Data Overall, the physical chemical properties of the acids category are well characterized. Sufficient data are available for all relevant parameters and no further testing is warranted to understand the behavior of these compounds released into the environment.

Acids are highly soluble in water, with solubility ranging from 750 1,000 g/ L. The acids dissociate into their constituent ions ( i. e., H+ and NO3 ; H+ and PO4 3; H+ and SO4 2). The vapor pressure varies substantially from 0.3 1.5 mm Hg for phosphoric acid to 42 62 mm Hg for nitric acid. The relatively low vapor pressure for all acids suggests that they are not significantly volatile.

Environmental Fate and Pathway Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 4 The high solubility of these compounds suggests that they are present mostly in aqueous solutions, where they readily dissociate. The fate dynamics of the resulting anions are well understood by the nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur cycles. No further testing is necessary. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 5 Ecotoxicity Based on the standard Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act ( FIFRA) acute toxicity ratings for fish and Daphnia ( below), the compounds in this category may be very highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, because the toxicity is known to be pH dependent, toxicity is mitigated by neutralization of the acid, as would normally be the case when acids are released into waterways. Therefore, no further testing is necessary. The acute LC50 for fish ranged from pH 3.0 4.0. There is some evidence suggesting the following order of anion toxicity in aquatic systems: SO4 > NO3 > PO4.

EC/ LC50 ( mg/ L) Toxicity Description < 0.1 Very Highly Toxic 0.1 1 Highly Toxic 1 10 Moderately Toxic 10 100 Slightly Toxic > 100 Practically Non Toxic Toxicity Sufficient toxicity data are available to characterize toxicity effects for the three acids and no additional testing is needed. As with aquatic systems, mammalian toxicity is primarily related to pH, and non pH related effects would not be a primary concern for the acids.

The acute oral LD50 reported in a phosphoric acid study is 1,530 mg/ kg bw. The inhalation LC50s of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid are 65  67 ppm NO2, 61  1689 mg/ m3 P2O5 ( four different species tested), and 347  430 ppm H2SO4, respectively. Acute dermal studies of phosphoric acid report LD50s ranging from > 1,260> 3,160 mg/ kg bw. Based on the standard FIFRA acute toxicity ratings for mammals ( below), the compounds in this category, when neutralize, are considered to be of low to very low toxicity ( 40 CFR 156.62).

Toxicity Category I II III IV Toxicity Rating High Moderate Low Very Low Oral LD50   50 mg/ kg > 50 500 mg/ kg > 500 5000 mg/ kg > 5000 mg/ kg Dermal LC50   200 mg/ kg > 200 2000 mg/ kg > 2000 20,000 mg/ kg > 20,000 mg/ kg Inhalation LC50   0.2 mg/ L > 0.2 2 mg/ L > 2 20 mg/ L > 20 mg/ L Unneutralized, their corrosivity upon contact at high concentrations is well documented. All three acids tested negative for mutagenicity. Up to 375 mg/ kg bw phosphoric acid in food did not affect the growth of rat offspring in a reproduction Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 6 study and up to 20 mg/ m3 of sulfuric acid in air did not affect reproduction in either mice or rabbits.

IV. Conclusion for the Acids Category Sufficient data are available to characterize the physical chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of the acids category. Therefore, additional testing is not needed to assess the hazards of the three acids. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 7 TABLE 1: CATEGORIES FOR PRODUCT TESTING PROJECT CATEGORY COMPOUND CAS NUMBER Ammonia Compounds Anhydrous ammonia Aqua ammonia Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium thiosulfate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN) Ammonium phosphate sulfate Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Urea 7664 41 7 1336 21 6 6484 52 2 7783 20 2 7783 18 8 15978 77 5 12593 60 1 7783 28 0 7722 76 1 57 13 6 Nitrate Compounds Sodium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN) Urea 7631 99 4 6484 52 2 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 15978 77 5 57 13 6 Phosphate Compounds Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Liquid polyphosphate Single superphosphate** Granular triple superphosphate** 7783 28 0 7722 76 1  8011 76 5 65996 95 4 Salts Potassium chloride Potassium magnesium sulfate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Potassium sulfate Calcium sulfate 7447 40 7 14168 73 1 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 7778 80 5 7778 18 9 Acids Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid 7664 38 2 7697 37 2 7664 93 9 * = Nitrogen solutions are represented largely by Urea Ammonia Nitrogen ( UAN; 15978 77 5) ** = Single superphosphate and granular triple superphosphate are combined into a single dossier. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 8  = No CAS number readily available Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 9 V. REFERENCES CITED 40 CFR 156.62. Toxicity Category.

Alkahem, H. F. 1989. Effect of different acids on the freshwater fish, Aphanius dispar. J. Biol. Sci. Res. 20( 3): 537 545.

McKenna, M. and Duerr, F. 1976. Effects of ambient pH on the gills of Ictalurus melas Rafinesque. Am. Zool. 16: 224.

OECD. 1997. SIDS Manual. OECD Secretariat, 3rd Revision, July 1997.

Packer, R. and Dunson, W. 1970. Effects of low environmental pH on blood pH and sodium balance of brook trout. Exp. Zool. 174: 65 72.

Schofield, C. and Trojnar, J. 1980. Aluminum toxicity to fish in acidified waters. In Toribara, T., Miller, M., and Morrow, P. ( eds.). Polluted Rain. New York: Plenum Press.

USEPA. 1999. Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program. www. epa. gov/ chemrtk/ catdoc29pdf. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 10 SIDS PROFILE Date: January 27, 2003 1.01 A. CAS No. 7664 38 2 1.01 C. CHEMICAL NAME ( OECD NAME) Phosphoric acid 1.01 D CAS DESCRIPTOR Phosphoric acid 1.01 G STRUCTURAL FORMULA H3PO4 OTHER CHEMICAL IDENTITY INFORMATION None 1.5 QUANTITY Over 12 million tons in the U. S. in 2001 1.7 USE PATTERN Intermediate for fertilizers, catalyst for ethylene production, dental cement, process engraving, rustproofing of metals, in soaps and detergents, and in some foods 1.9 SOURCES AND LEVELS OF EXPOSURE Fertilizer, detergent, and foods Issues for discussion ( identify, if any) SIDS testing required:

No additional testing required ( see Executive Overview for rationale). Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 11 SIDS DATA SUMMARY FOR PHOSPHORIC ACID Date: January 27, 2003 CAS NO. 7664 38 2 SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 21oC ( 85% solution) 2.2 Boiling Point 158oC 2.3 Density 1.87 g/ mL at 25oC 2.4 Vapour Pressure 0.03 1.5 mm Hg at 20oC ( low volatility) 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient See Appendix B results 2.6A Water Solubility 750 850 g/ L ( highly soluble) 2.6B pH and pKa values pH: 1 1.5 at 1 10 g/ L pK1: 2.15; pK2: 7.09; pK3: 12.32 at 25oC 2.7 Flash Point Non flammable 2.8 Auto Flammability Non flammable 2.9 Flammability DIN 51584 Non flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties Possible with contact with metals 2.11 Oxidizing Properties See Appendix B results 2.13B Henry's Law Constant See Appendix B results ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.2 Stability in Water Ionic dissociation in water 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Dissolves some soil material ( carbonates) 3.2 Monitoring Data See Appendix B results 3.3 Transport and Distribution Under acidic soil conditions, sparsely soluble phosphates tend to solubilize and may migrate to water 3.5 Biodegradation Under anaerobic conditions, certain microorganisms may degrade the product to phosphine 3.6 BOD5 See Appendix B results 3.7 Bioaccumulation See Appendix B results ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute Toxicity to Fish Lepomis macrochirus ( bluegill sunfish) 96 hr static LC50 = pH 3.0  3.5 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex Gammarus pulex ( amphipod) 12 hr static 12 hr static EC50 = pH 4.6 EC50 = pH 4.1 LC50 = pH 3.4 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants See Appendix B results 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Activated sludge EC50 = pH 2.55 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish See Appendix B results 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms See Appendix B results Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 12 CAS NO. 7664 38 2 SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Peas, beans, beets, rapeseed, and weeds Sprayed with 15  20% solution of H3PO4 Foliage was destroyed on all plants TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat Sheep up to 100 mg/ kg bw/ day LD50 = 1,530 mg/ kg bw 100 mg/ kg bw/ day caused loss of weight and death 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity Guinea pig, mouse, rat, rabbit 1 hr LC50 = 61 1,689 mg/ m3 P2O5 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rabbit 24 hr LD50 = > 1,260  > 3,160 mg/ kg bw 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/ Corrosion Rabbit 24 hr Highly irritating to corrosive 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/ Corrosion Rabbit OECD Guideline 405 Not irritating for 17% solution but severe irritation at higher concentration 5.4 Repeated Dose See Appendix B results 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation . Chromosomal aberration Salmonella typhimurium Sea urchin Bacterial reverse mutation assay ( Ames test) Embryo and sperm assays Negative Aberrations caused by pH # 6.5 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat One  generation 375 mg/ kg bw did not effect offspring growth 5.9 Developmental Toxicity/ Teratogenicity See Appendix B results 5.10A 5.10A Specific Toxicities Specific Toxicities Chinese hamster cells Neurotoxicity Cytotoxicity in V79 lung cells Effects on growth, survival rate and macromolecular synthesis at 30 mM Very high doses lead to physiological disruption 5.11 Human Experience Inhalation Dermal contact 10,000 mg/ m3 is immediately dangerous to life May irritate eyes and skin 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits 8 hr TWA TLV 15 min STEL TLV 1 mg/ m3 in air 3 mg/ m3 in air Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 13 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.01 SUBSTANCE INFORMATION * A. CAS number 7664 38 2 B. Name ( IUPAC name) Phosphoric acid * C. Name ( OECD name) Phosphoric acid * D. CAS Descriptor Not applicable E. EINECS Number 231 633 2 F. Molecular Formula H3O4P * G. Structural Formula H3PO4 SMILES: OP( O)( O)= O H. Substance Group Not applicable ( If possible, only for petroleum products, see HEDSET explanatory note)

I. Substance Remark Not applicable ( Indicate the substance remark as prescribed in the EINECS Inventory, if possible)

J. Molecular Weight 98.0 1.02 OECD INFORMATION A. Sponsor Country Not applicable ( would be US)

B. Lead Organization Name of Lead Organization: Not applicable ( would be EPA)

C. Name of Responder ( Information on a responder should be provided when companies respond to Lead Organization or SIDS Contact Points.)

Name: Mr. William C.. Herz, Director of Scientific Programs Address/ Phones: The Fertilizer Institute Union Center Plaza 820 First Street, NE, Suite 430 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 14 Washington, D. C. 20002 Tel: ( 202) 962 0490 Fax: ( 202): 962 0577 1.1 GENERAL SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. Type of Substance element [ ]; inorganic [ X]; natural substance [ ]; organic [ ]; organometallic [ ]; petroleum product [ ]

B. Physical State ( at 20 ° C and 1.013 hPa)

gaseous [ ]; liquid [ X]; solid [ ]

C. Purity Varies depending on final fertilizer material being produced. Typically 38 70% concentrations.

1.2 SYNONYMS White phosphoric acid Orthophosphoric acid 1.3 IMPURITIES [ Indicate CAS No., chemical name ( IUPAC is preferable), percentage, if possible EINECS number.]

Remarks: None identified 1.4 ADDITIVES [ e. g. stabilizing agents, inhibitors etc. Indicate CAS No., chemical name ( IUPAC name is preferable), percentage, if possible EINECS number, the component of the UVCB substance with no defined composition) should be indicated here.]

Remarks: None * 1.5 QUANTITY [ Information on production or import levels should be provided in figures or ranges ( e. g. 1,000 5,000; 5,000 10,000 tonnes, etc.; see SIDS Manual) per responder or country and the date for which those ranges apply should be given. For EU Member states, only indicate the EU import figure. Give an estimation of the global production quantity in the remarks field. Information on the number of producers in the country and the source of information should also be given in the remarks field.)

Remarks: Over 12 million tons produced in the U. S. in 2001. References: IFDC. 2002. North America Fertilizer Capacity, January 2002. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 15 1.6 LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION ( If possible, enter information on labeling and classification, such as labeling and classification system, existence of specific limit, symbols, nota, R Phrases and S Phrases of EC Directive 67/ 548/ EEC. See HEDSET Explanatory Note.)

Labeling Type: Directive 67/ 548/ EEC Specific limits: Yes Symbols: ( C) Corrosive R phrases: ( 34) causes burns S phrases: ( ½ , 26, 45) Text of S phrases: Keep locked up and out of reach of children. In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately ( show the label when possible). References: Directive 92/ 32 of April 30, 1992. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L154 of June 5, 1992. European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Landfair, S. W., Brown, E. L., Israel, R. J., and Kreis, P. B. 1993. The EC's seventh amendment: Fundamental changes in the regulation of chemical substances manufactured and imported into the European community. International Environmental Reporter 0/ 49 8738/ 93: 785 790.

Classification Type: Directive 67/ 548/ EEC Category of danger: Corrosive R phrases: ( 34) causes burns References: Labeling and classification information cited in European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. May. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. STNEasy. 1999. Chemlist STN International. < http:// www. cas. org/ stn. html>

DOT Labeling Hazard Class: 8 ( corrosive) Reportable Quantity: 5000 lbs. Labels Required: Corrosive Placard: Corrosive Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 16 References: J. R. Simplot Company. 1999. Material Safety Data Sheet: Phosphoric Acid. M12000. May 1999.

NFPA Rating Health: 2 ( hazardous) Fire: 0 ( will not burn) Reactivity: 0 ( normally stable) Specific: Not applicable References: J. R. Simplot Company. 1999. Material Safety Data Sheet: Phosphoric Acid. M12000. May 1999.

* 1.7 USE PATTERN A. General [ Data on use pattern have to be given by assigning main types according to their exposure relevance ( i. e. non dispersive use, use in closed systems, use resulting in inclusion into or onto matrix and wide dispersive use), industrial categories ( e. g. basic chemical industry, chemical industry, agricultural industry, personal and domestic use) and use categories such as coloring agents, intermediates, solvents, adhesives, cleaning/ washing agents, fertilizers, impregnation agents, surface active, etc. If available, give an estimation of different uses in percentage terms. See SIDS Manual for guidance.]

Type of Use: Category:

( a) main Dispersive use industrial Agricultural industry use Intermediate for phosphate fertilizers ( b) main Non dispersive use industrial Chemical industry use Acid catalyst in making ethylene, in dental cements, process engraving, rustproofing of metals, coagulating rubber latex, in soaps and detergents, and in some foods. Reference: Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

B. Uses in Consumer Products [ If the chemical is present in consumer products as marketed, give details of products' function ( e. g. detergent, etc.), and percentage in product and physical state of product as marketed ( e. g. aerosol, powder or liquid)] Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 17 Remarks: Phosphoric acid is used as an acidulant and flavor agent in jellies and preserves ( Furia 1972; NIOSH 1981), in soaps and detergents ( ITII 1988), and as a sequestering, metal complexing or stabilizing agent in the food industry ( e. g., in soda) to promote color retention, improve flavor retention, and protect against rancidity ( Kirk Othmer 1980). [ All citations as cited in HSDB 1999] References: Furia. 1972. Handbook of Food Additives, 2nd edition. p. 619. ITII. 1988. Toxic and Hazardous Industry Chemical Safety Manual. p. 414. Kirk Othmer. 1980. Encyclopedia Chemical Technology, 3rd edition. 1978 present. 11: 161. NIOSH. 1981. OSHA Occupational Health Guide to Chemical Hazards. p. 3.

1.8 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUE ( Indicate the type of occupational exposure limit value including short term exposure limit value. If a value does not exist, give the hygiene standard of the producer company if available. See also 5.11.)

Exposure limit value Type: 8 hour Time Weighted Average Value: 1 mg/ m3 Remarks: OSHA TWA TLV Reference: 29 CFR 1910.1000. June 1, 1998. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH). 1997. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.

Short term exposure limit value Value: 3 mg/ m3 STEL Length of exposure period: 15 minutes Remarks: ACGIH TLV Reference: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH). 1997. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.

* 1.9 SOURCES OF EXPOSURE Describe sources of potential human [ other than concentration of chemicals in the workplace and indoor environment ( see 5.11)], or environmental exposure, including emission data ( e. g. quantities per media with information such as time dimensions of release, indication of type of release ( e. g. point source or diffuse), type of estimating ( e. g. average or worst case, uncertainties in estimation), for all Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 18 phases of the life cycle of the chemical if available, including manufacturing and user areas.

For environmental exposure, indicate the production process briefly, number the sites of manufacture and, the basis for concluding that the process is " closed" if applicable.

Also an indication of measured exposure levels ( expressed in an appropriate form, e. g. geometric mean and standard deviation) can be mentioned here. Any information that will help focus the assessment of exposure ( either qualitative or quantitative in nature) can be mentioned, if available).

( a) Remarks: The phosphate minerals fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite are the source of phosphorous for phosphate fertilizers. These minerals are mixed with sulfuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acid to produce the phosphoric acid in fertilizers. The higher the ratio of sulfuric acid ( or nitric acid or hydrochloric acid) to phosphate rock, the greater the percentage of phosphoric acid in the fertilizer. The acid is concentrated by evaporation. Phosphoric acid can also be made by smelting phosphate rock with coke and silica in an electric furnace. Detergent and food industries typically use the latter method. Phosphoric acid can be stored as a liquid in rubber  lined tanks before being pumped to pipe reactors for the production of ammonium phosphate for complex fertilizer manufacture. The resulting solid fertilizer is handled by industrial operators, merchants, and farm workers. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC). 1992. Occupational exposures to mists and vapours from sulfuric acid and other strong inorganic acids. IARC Monograph Eval. Carinogen Risk Chem. Hum. 54. ( b) Remarks: It should be noted that phosphoric acid has recently been deleted from the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know ( EPCRA) Section 313 list of toxic chemicals. Thus, it will no longer need to be reported under the Toxic Release Inventory requirements. Originally, phosphoric acid was included on the list because releases of significant Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 19 quantities could stimulate excess algal growth, which in turn could deplete oxygen levels ( eutrophication). However, a recent court decision agreed that eutrophication is not due to any inherent toxicity of phosphoric acid, but rather the stimulatory effect is a result of its nutrient value to aquatic plants. Morley ( 1999) provides an in depth analysis of this issue. Reference: Federal Register 64( 234): 68311 68314, December 7, 1999. Phosphoric Acid: Community Right to Know Toxic Chemical Release Reporting: Proposed Rule. Morley, K. M. 1999. Evaluation of the EPA exposure assessment for phosphoric acid. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 29: 309 318.

1.10 ADDITIONAL REMARKS A. Options for disposal [ Mode of disposal ( e. g. incineration, release to sewage system, etc.) for each category and type of use, if appropriate; recycling possibility.]

Remarks: Can be neutralized with soda ash and lime.

B. Other remarks Remarks: No data Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 20 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA * 2.1 MELTING POINT ( If more than one, identify the recommended value.)

( a) Value: 21 ° C Decomposition: Yes [ ] No [ X] Ambiguous [ ] Sublimation: Yes [ ] No [ X] Ambiguous [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: 85% solution References: European Commission. 1996. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic Acid Aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete Och Halsa. 1: 7 54.

( b) Value: 42.35oC Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: For unstable, orthorhombic crystals. References: Budavari, S. ( ed.). 1996. Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.

* 2.2 BOILING POINT ( If more than one, identify the recommended value.)

Value: 158 ° C Decomposition: Yes [ ] No [ ] Ambiguous [ X] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Other values reported in IUCLID range from 133 213oC for 75%  100% H3PO4 solutions. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 21 References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic Acid Aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete Och Halsa. 1: 7 54.

* 2.3 DENSITY ( Relative Density) ( Where applicable, indicate the relative density of the substance.)

( a) Type: Bulk density [ ]; Density [ X]; Relative Density [ ] Value: 1.8741 g/ mL ( 100% soln.) Temperature: 25 ° C Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Density for other solutions: 1.685 ( 85%), 1.3334 ( 50%), 1.0523 ( 10%) References: Budavari, S. ( ed.). 1996. Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.

( b) Type: Bulk density [ ]; Density [ X]; Relative Density [ ] Value: 1.58   1.7 Temperature: 20 ° C Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: For 75%  85% solutions. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* 2.4 VAPOUR PRESSURE ( If more than one, identify the recommended value)

( a) Value: 0.04 hPa ( 0.03 mm Hg) Temperature: 20 ° C Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 22 GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Kristensen 1993 reports a value of 0.3 kPa ( 2.2 mm Hg). References: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH). 1997. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic Acid Aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete Och Halsa. 1: 7 54.

( b) Value: 0.95   2 hPa ( 0.71 1.5 mm Hg) Temperature: 20oC Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Company studies dating back to 1944 and reported in IUCLID for 75 85% solutions. A value of 40 hPa at 50oC was also reported. Reference: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* 2.5 PARTITION COEFFICIENT logPow ( If more than one, identify the recommended value)

Remarks: No data * 2.6 WATER SOLUBILITY ( If more than one, identify the recommended value)

A. Solubility ( a) Value: 750 850 g/ L Temperature: 20oC Description: Miscible [ X]; Of very high solubility [ X]; Of high solubility [ ]; Soluble [ ]; Slightly soluble [ ] Of low solubility [ ]; Of very low solubility [ ]; Not soluble [ ] Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 23 Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Reported as totally miscible in studies conducted by various companies and reported in IUCLID. Water solubility reported as " complete" by Kristensen 1993. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic Acid Aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete Och Halsa. 1: 7 54.

B. pH Value, pKa Value ( a) pH Value: 1 to 1.5 Concentration: 1 g/ L to 10 g/ L Temperature: 20 25 ° C Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: IUCLID cites several company in house studies. Kristensen reports a pH of 1.5 for a 0.1 M solution. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic Acid Aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete Och Halsa. 1: 7 54.

( b) pKa Value: pK1 = 2.15; pK2 = 7.09; pK3 = 12.32 Remarks: At 25oC. Tribasic acid. References: Budavari, S. 1996. Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.

2.7 FLASH POINT ( liquids)

Remarks: Not flammable Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 24 References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

2.8 AUTO FLAMMABILITY ( solid/ gases)

Remarks: Not flammable References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

2.9 FLAMMABILITY Results: Extremely flammable [ ]; Extremely flammable   liquified gas [ ]; Highly flammable [ ]; Flammable [ ]; Non flammable [ X]; Spontaneously flammable in air [ ]; Contact with water liberates highly flammable gases [ ]; Other [ ] Method: ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used) DIN 51584 GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: For 85% solution. Combustion by products include oxides of phosphorus. Flammable gas may form on contact with metals. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 25 2.10 EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES Results: Explosive under influence of a flame [ ]; More sensitive to friction than m dinitrobenzene [ ]; More sensitive to shock than m dinitrobenzene [ ]; Not explosive [ X]; Other [ ] Method: ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used) Not specified. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Flammable gas formation with contact with metals may give rise to explosive gas mixtures with air. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

2.11 OXIDIZING PROPERTIES Remarks: No data * 2.12 OXIDATION: REDUCTION POTENTIAL ( Where applicable, indicate the redox potential and the conditions under which it was measured.)

Remarks: No data 2.13 ADDITIONAL DATA A. Partition co efficient between soil/ sediment and water ( Kd)

Remarks: No data B. Other data [ e. g. Henry's Law constant, fat solubility, surface tension ( of aqueous solution), adsorption/ desorption on soil, particle size distribution, etc.] Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 26 3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS [ Reporting of studies should give the test method, test conditions, ( laboratory versus field studies), test results ( e. g. % degradation in specified time period) and reference. Information on breakdown products ( transient and stable) should be provided when available.]

3.1 STABILITY * 3.1.1 PHOTODEGRADATION Remarks: No data * 3.1.2 STABILITY IN WATER ( a) Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: ( e. g. CAS number, name and percentage of degradation products) Like any acid, phosphoric acid undergoes ionic dissociation. It may be reduced under anaerobic conditions by certain bacteria when suitably diluted. References: In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

( b) Remarks: In the aquatic environment, the acid may affect the pH level of the water body and the phosphate entity may persist indefinitely. The presence of excessive levels of phosphate in surface waters can produce a fertilizer action on algal growth and produce algal blooms, which leads to eutrophication. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

3.1.3 STABILITY IN SOIL ( a) Type: Field trial [ ]; Laboratory [ ]; Other [ X] Method: [ e. g. OECD, others ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 27 Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: When spilled onto soil, phosphoric acid will infiltrate downward, the rate being greater with lower concentration due to reduced viscosity. During transport through the soil, phosphoric acid will dissolve some of the soil material, in particular, carbonate based materials. The acid will be neutralized to some degree with adsorption of the proton and phosphate ions also possible. However, significant amounts of acid will remain for transport down toward the groundwater table. Upon reaching the groundwater table, the acid will continue to move in the direction of groundwater flow. A contaminated plume will be produced with dilution and dispersion serving to reduce the acid concentration. References: Environment Canada. 1981. Technical Information for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid. Ottawa, Ontario: Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

( b) Remarks: Phosphorus is a primary plant nutrient supplied to plants as the PO4 3 ion component of phosphoric acid. Phosphoric acid as such reacts chemically with soil components of alkaline type to form more or less soluble phosphate compounds depending on final pH. These compounds are mainly of the sparsely soluble calcium type which are used as fertilizers. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* 3.2 MONITORING DATA ( ENVIRONMENTAL) Note that data on biological effects monitoring, including biomagnification, and biotransformation and kinetics in environmental species are to be reported in section 4.7 and 4.8 respectively. Nonetheless, concentration in various biota should be reported here. Data on concentration in the workplace or indoor environment should be reported under 5.11.

Remarks: No data Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 28 3.3 TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS INCLUDING ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS ( e. g. during the chemical life cycle. The information should indicate whether the calculation is on a global basis or is site specific, and whether it is based on laboratory measurements or field observations.) Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 29 * 3.3.1 TRANSPORT Type of measurement: Adsorption [ ]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ X] Media: Water soil Remarks: Under acidic soil conditions, sparsely soluble phosphates tend to solubilize and may migrate to water. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* 3.3.2 THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION ( FUGACITY CALCULATION)

Remarks: No data 3.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN MODE OF DEGRADABILITY IN ACTUAL USE Remarks: No data * 3.5 BIODEGRADATION ( a) Remarks: Under anaerobic conditions, certain microorganisms may degrade the product or related phosphates to phosphine. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

3.6 BOD5, COD OR RATIO BOD5/ COD Remarks: No data 3.7 BIOACCUMULATION Remarks: No data 3.8 ADDITIONAL REMARKS Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 30 A. Sewage treatment ( Information on treatability of the substance)

Remarks: No data Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 31 B. Other information [ Information that will help to focus the exposure assessment ( either qualitative or quantitative)]

Remarks: No data 4. ECOTOXICITY * 4.1 ACUTE/ PROLONGED TOXICITY TO FISH Type of test: Static [ X]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ]; Other ( e. g. field test) [ ] Open system [ X]; Closed system [ ] Species: Lepomis macrochirus ( bluegill sunfish) Exposure period: 96 hours Results: LC50 ( 96h) = between pH 3.0 and 3.5 for each of four acids. Analytical monitoring: Yes [ X]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Groups of eight fish were transferred into each of five aquaria initially maintained at pH 7.5 and 23  2oC. After a 1 week stabilization period, the fish in four of the aquaria were subjected to increasing concentrations of each acid, so that a decremental pH series of 7.5, 5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5, 3.25 and 3.0 was established. A constant pH was maintained for each 96 hour period. The remaining aquarium remained at pH 7.5 throughout the testing regimen. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4), sulfuric acid ( H2SO4), nitric acid ( HNO3), and hydrochloric acid ( HCl) Remarks: The 96 hour LC50 for all acids was between pH 3.5 and 3.0. No mortality was observed until the pH reached 3.5. The data indicate that the contribution by the anions to fish toxicity is similar. Thus, the quantity ( and its affect on pH) rather than the quality of the acids is the primary factor in fish toxicity. In behavioral studies also reported, lowered pH results in the bluegill becoming hypoactive with respect to swimming behavior. References: Ellgaard, E. G. and Gilmore, Jr., J. Y. 1984. J. Fish Biol. 25( 2): 133 137. In European Commission. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 32 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

4.2 ACUTE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES * A. Daphnia ( a) Type of test: Static [ X]; Semi static [ ]; flow through [ ]; Other ( e. g. field test) [ ] Open system [ X]; Closed system [ ] Species: Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex Exposure period: 12 hours Results: EC50 = pH 4.6 ( D. magna) and 4.1 ( D. pulex) Analytical monitoring: Yes [ X]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Daphnids were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: The survival rate depends on the pH generated by the acid. References: Brehm, M. 1982. Arch. Hydrobiol. 95( 1 4): 17 27. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* B. Other aquatic organisms Type of test: Static [ X]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ]; Other ( e. g. field test) [ ] Open system [ X]; Closed system [ ] Species: Gammarus pulex ( Amphipod) Exposure period: 12 hours Results: LC50 = pH 3.4 Analytical monitoring: Yes [ X]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Amphipods were exposed to various pH levels of phosphoric acids. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 33 Remarks: The survival rate depends on the pH generated by the addition of acid to the media. The same result was observed with Gammarus fossarum. References: Brehm, M. 1982. Arch. Hydrobiol. 95( 1 4): 17 27. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* 4.3 TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS, e. g. algae Remarks: No data 4.4 TOXICITY TO BACTERIA ( Single species test and tests on overall processes such as nitrification or soil respiration are included in this item.)

Type: Aquatic [ X]; Field [ ]; Soil [ ]; Other [ ] Species: Activated sludge Exposure period: Not specified Results: EC50 = 270 mg/ L ( pH: 2.55) Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [ X] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updated of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: The 270 mg/ L is equivalent to a pH of approximately 2.8. For protozoa, the LC50 value was 240 mg/ L. References: Iishi, Kaji, and Noguchi. 1981. Suishitsu Odaku Kengyu 4: 197 203. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

4.5 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS 4.5.1 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO FISH ( Effects on reproduction, embryo/ larva, etc.)

Remarks: No data Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 34 (*) 4.5.2 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES ( e. g. Daphnia reproduction. The need to conduct tests for this endpoint will depend upon possible concern for long term effects.)

Remarks: No data 4.6 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS 4.6.1 TOXICITY TO SOIL DWELLING ORGANISMS Remarks: No data 4.6.2 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Remarks: The foliage of peas, beans, beets, rapeseed, and weeds was destroyed when sprayed with a 15 20% solution of aqueous phosphoric acid. References: Environment Canada. 1982. Technical Information for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid. Draft. Ottawa, Ontario: Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database and, In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

4.6.3 TOXICITY TO OTHER NON MAMMALIAN TERRESTRIAL SPECIES ( INCLUDING AVIAN)

Remarks: No data 4.7 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS MONITORING ( INCLUDING BIOMAGNIFICATION) [ Studies on variation of predominant species in certain ecosystems ( e. g. mesocosm) and monitoring of biological effects are included.]

Remarks: No data 4.8 BIOTRANSFORMATION AND KINETICS ( Under this item, studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion etc. should be given.) Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 35 Remarks: No data 4.9 ADDITIONAL REMARKS Remarks: Increased acidity can have sublethal effects on fish such as cessation of reproduction, changes in growth rate, and skeletal deformities. Acidic conditions can also be directly toxic to fish. Below pH 3, acidity causes coagulation of mucus on fish gill surfaces, resulting in subsequent anoxia or respiratory failure. At slightly higher pH, fish mortality is due to a decrease in sodium and chloride ions and an increase in hydrogen ions in the blood. However, toxicity may be attributed to the anions as well as increased acidity. A comparison study revealed that sulfuric acid is most, nitric and hydrochloric acids are moderate, and phosphoric acid is the least toxic to fish. The difference in the toxic effect of these acids may be due to the anions produced on the dissociation of the acids, but further studies are necessary to draw firm conclusions. References: Alkahem, H. F. 1989. Effect of different acids on the freshwater fish, Aphanius dispar. J. Biol. Sci. Res. 20( 3): 537 545. Ellgaard, E. G. and Gilmore, J. Y. 1984. Effects of different acids on the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque. J. Fish Biol. 25: 133 137.

5. TOXICITY ( Where observations on humans are available, these should be entered in the appropriate " comments" section or under section 5.11.)

* 5.1 ACUTE TOXICITY 5.1.1 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ( a) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat Value: 1,530 mg/ kg bw Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 36 Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Not specified. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) References: ITII. Tox. & Hazard Indus. Chem. Safety Manual. 1988. p. 414. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. BIOFAX Ind. 1970. Bio Test Lab. 17 4/ 70. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database, and In Registry of Toxic Effects ( RTECS). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

( b) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ ]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ X] Species/ strain: Sheep Value: See remarks Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: Doses of up to 50 mg/ kg bw/ day administered in the drinking water produced no adverse effects. Levels of 100 mg/ kg bw/ day caused loss of weight and death. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

5.1.2 ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY ( a) Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ X]; LCL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea pig Exposure period: 1 hour Value: LC50 ( rabbit) = 1689 mg/ m3 ( as P2O5) LC50 ( rat) = 1217 mg/ m3 ( as P2O5) LC50 ( mouse) = 271 mg/ m3 ( as P2O5) LC50 ( guinea pig) = 61 mg/ m3 ( as P2O5) Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Not specified ( 1981) GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 37 References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

( b) Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ X]; LCL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat Exposure period: 1 hour Value: > 850 mg/ m3 Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Not specified. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) References: BIOFAX Ind. Bio Test lab [ 17 4/ 1970]. In Registry of Toxic Effects ( RTECS). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

5.1.3 ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY ( a) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rabbit Value: 2,740 mg/ kg b. w. Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Not specified. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) References: BIOFAX Ind. Bio Test Lab [ 17 4/ 1970] ( cited in European Commission 1996 and RTECS). In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database, and In Registry of Toxic Effects ( RTECS). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA.

( b) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ X]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rabbit Value: LD50 ( 85% solution) = > 1,260 mg/ kg b. w. LD50 ( 80% solution) = > 3,160 mg/ kg b. w. LD50 ( 75% solution) = > 3,160 mg/ kg b. w. LDL0 ( 85% solution) = 2,000 mg/ kg b. w. LDL0 ( 80% solution) = 5,010 mg/ kg b. w. LDL0 ( 75% solution) = 5,010 mg/ kg b. w. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 38 Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Phosphoric acid was applied to the clipped skin of albino rabbits for 24 hours. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) References: Randall, D. J. and Robinson, E. C. 1990. Acute toxic evaluation of various concentrations of phosphoric acid. 1( 1): 69 70. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

5.1.4 ACUTE TOXICITY BY OTHER ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION ( e. g. subcutaneous, intravenous, etc.)

Remarks: No data 5.2 CORROSIVENESS/ IRRITATION 5.2.1 SKIN IRRITATION/ CORROSION ( a) Species/ strain: Rabbit Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ X]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ] Classification: ( if possible, according to EC Directive 67/ 548/ EEC) Highly corrosive ( causes severe burns) [ ]; Corrosive ( causes burns) [ X]; Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Application of 0.5 mL of commercial product to clipped skin of New Zealand albino rabbits under semi occlusive dressings for 24 hours. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: Solutions from 75 85% phosphoric acid were corrosive to skin. References: Randall, D. J. and Robinson, E. C. 1990. Skin irritation tests on various concentrations of phosphoric acid. 1( 2): 98 99. In European Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 39 Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

( b) Species/ strain: Rabbit Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ X]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ]

Classification: ( if possible, according to EC Directive 67/ 548/ EEC) Highly corrosive ( causes severe burns) [ ]; Corrosive ( causes burns) [ X]; Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] The skin of rabbits was treated with 95 mg of phosphoric acid for 24 hours. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: BIOFAX describes the effect observed as severe. No other data is provided. References: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

( c) Remarks: Dermal irritancy for different aqueous solutions was tested on rabbits including phosphoric acid. The irritation/ corrosion was proportional to the concentration. References: Dermal irritancy/ corrosion of 20 compounds in aqueous solutions Report FOA E 40023 1986. Available NITS Gov. Rep. Index 86( 7). In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

5.2.2 EYE IRRITATION/ CORROSION ( a) Species/ strain: New Zealand albino rabbit Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Classification: ( if possible, according to EC Directive 67/ 548/ EEC) Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 40 Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X]; Risk of serious damage to eyes [ ] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] OECD Guideline 405 ( 1988). GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: Test 10% and 17% dilutions. Scored using Draize scoring criteria. References: Jacobs, G. A. 1992. Two dilutions of phosphoric acid tested on the eye. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 11( 6): 724.

( b) Species/ strain: Rabbit Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ X]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ] Classification: ( if possible, according to EC Directive 67/ 548/ EEC) Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ]; Risk of serious damage to eyes [ X] Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Not described ( 1970). GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: The effects observed when rabbit's eyes were exposed to 119 mg phosphoric acid were severe. No other data are given. References: BIOFAX Ind. Bio Test Lab 17 4/ 70. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

5.3 SKIN SENSITIZATION Remarks: No data * 5.4 REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY Remarks: No data Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 41 * 5.5 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VITRO A. Bacterial Test Type: Bacterial reverse mutation assay System of testing: Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA104 Concentration: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0  L/ plate Metabolic activation: With [ ]; Without [ ]; With and Without [ X]; No Data [ X] Results: Genotoxic effects: + ?  With metabolic activator [ ] [ ] [ X] Without metabolic activator [ ] [ ] [ X]

Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Standard Ames test GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: None of the samples tested were mutagenic. References: Al Ani, F. Y. and Al Lami, S. K. 1988. Absence of mutagenic activity of acidity regulators in the Ames Salmonella/ microsome test. Mutat. Res. 206( 4): 467 470.

B. Non bacterial in vitro test Type: Sea urchin embryo and sperm assays System of testing: Sphaerechinus granularis and Paracentrotas lividus Concentration: pH 5.5 to 7.5 Method: Triplicate cultures of sea urchin gametes and embryos were obtained from individual adults, whereas sperm pretreatment experiments were performed by fertilizing the eggs from an individual female with sperm batches pooled from three to five males. Embryos were cultured in the dark. Dilution water was acidified to approximately pH 5. Effects of pH were evaluated. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid Remarks: In a study on the effect of pH on the induction of mitotic aberrations in sea urchins, an increase in aberrations was observed at pH# 6.5. A similar genotoxic effect was observed with sulfuric, hydrochloric, and phosphoric acids, indicating that Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 42 pH rather than the anion was responsible for the effect. References: Cipollaro, M., Corsate, G., Esposito, A., Ragucci, E., Staiano, N., Guiordano, G. G., and Pagano, G. 1986. Sublethal pH decrease may cause genetic damage to eukaryotic cell: A study on sea urchins and Salmonella typhimurium. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 6: 275 287.

* 5.6 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VIVO Remarks: No data 5.7 CARCINOGENICITY Remarks: No data Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 43 5.8 TOXICITY TO REPRODUCTION Type: Fertility [ ]; One generation study [ X]; Twogeneration study [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ X] Route of Administration: Oral feed Exposure period: 29 weeks Frequency of treatment: Diets containing 375 mg/ kg bw/ day Duration of the test 29 weeks Doses: 180 375 mg/ kg bw/ day Control group: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; No Data [ X] Concurrent no treatment [ ]; Concurrent vehicle [ ]; Historical [ ] NOEL Parental: 375 mg/ kg bw/ day NOEL F1 Offspring: 375 mg/ kg bw/ day Results: See remarks Method: [ e. g. OECD, other ( with the year of publication or updating of the method used)] Rats were fed 0.75% phosphoric acid in feed daily for 29 weeks. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: The higher dietary level of 375 mg/ kg bw/ day apparently had no harmful effect on growth of offspring. References: Hoechst AG ( 1994) internal study. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

* 5.9 DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY/ TERATOGENICITY Remarks: No data 5.10 OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION A. Specific toxicities ( a) Type: Chinese hamster V79 lung cells Test substance: Phosphoric acid ( H3PO4) Remarks: Effects of phosphoric acid on the growth, survival rate, and macromolecular synthesis of mammalian cells of the Chinese hamster V79 lung cells were examined as a Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 44 measure of cytotoxicity. All effects appeared suddenly at or above 30 mM in a short time. References: Iijima, Horii, Kanemaki, et al. 1993. Cytotoxicity of phosphoric acid on cultured mammalian cells. Shigaku. 80( 5): 1159 1165. In European Commission 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. ( b) Type: Neurotoxicity Remarks: Very high doses lead to physiological disturbances translated as phosphate toxicity which can produce central nervous system involvement. This is manifested by convulsions, delirium, and coma. Reference: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

B. Other Remarks: The hydrogen ion ( H+) is the active component in the inorganic acids for endpoints including pulmonary mechanics, mucociliary clearance, alveolar clearance, and macrophage function. The anions of the acids are essential elements, with low toxicity. The hydrogen ion effects airway mucus, which protects underlying tissues in the airways by absorbing H+. High molecular glycoproteins are the main buffers. Mucus that is acidified will have an increased viscosity compared to the mucus with high buffer capacity. Increased mucus viscosity has also been linked to increased airway resistance and reduced pulmonary gas exchange. References: Holma, B. 1989. Effects of inhaled acids on airway mucus and its consequences for health. Environ. Health Perspect. 79: 109 113. In Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic acid aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete och Halsa 1: 7 54.

B. Toxicodynamics, toxicokinetics Type: Acid aerosols ( sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, hydrochloric) Remarks: The critical effects of acid aerosols are acute and chronic irritation of the airways. Etching and erosion of teeth occur at exposure levels well above Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 45 levels that induce airway effects. Concerning the role of acid aerosols in the development of chronic bronchitis, the most important findings are in animal experiments, while observational studies in humans so far are of most value in the evaluation of cancer as an endpoint.

There seems to be agreement that the hydrogen ion plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of irritant reaction from the airways, but it is still with some uncertainty that acid aerosols as such can be evaluated together. There is also an agreement that response is dependent on deposition site, and particle size and other factors that deposition site is dependent on. There is still uncertainty, however, as the liquid particles are not of fixed size. There are also indications that the quality of the particle may play a role, with more potent responses from metal particles coated with acids.

There is evidence that long term low concentration exposure of acid aerosols, as low as approximately 0.1 mg m 3, play a role in the development of chronic bronchitis. Most important is the effect on mucociliary clearance. Animals exposed long term to concentrations below 0.5 mg  3 exhibit histological changes. For example, bronchiolar wall thickening has been found in monkeys and narrowing of small caliber airways has been observed in rabbits. Changes in mucus secretory cells and increase in the number of secretory cells during, and for months after, long term exposures are also findings indicative of a chronic inflammatory response.

The role of acid aerosols for acute airway responses is less clear. The triggering of marked bronchoconstriction has not been convincingly demonstrated in human volunteers, healthy or asthmatic, unless exposure concentrations have been very high. Exposures to very high concentrations can undoubtedly induce bronchial hyperreactivity, but as low concentrations ( 0.25 mg 3) this has only been demonstrated in rabbits. It is not easy to interpret the more limited effects in increased airway resistance and increased responsiveness to cholinergic challenge that has Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 46 been found in some, but not all, studies in exercising asthmatics during low exposures ( 0.05 0.5 mg m 3). The discrepancies over studies may, at least in part, be due to considerable intersubject variation. References: Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic acid aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete och Hälsa: 1, pp 7 54.

* 5.11 EXPERIENCE WITH HUMAN EXPOSURE [ Describe information on workplace exposure such as concentration of chemicals in the workplace or indoor environment ( manufacturing, maintenance and professional use), number of workers ( in ranges for each situation), frequency and duration of exposure, if available. In addition, enter details of effects of accidental or occupational exposure, epidemiological and clinical studies, case reports, etc.]

( a) Remarks: Symptomatology ( after ingestion or skin contact at high concentrations): 1) Corrosion of mucous membranes of mouth, throat, and esophagus, with immediate pain and dysphagia; 2) Epigastric pain, which may be associated with nausea and the vomiting of mucoid and " coffee ground" material; 3) Ulceration of all membranes and tissues with which the acid comes in contact; 4) Circulatory collapse with clammy skin, weak and rapid pulse, shallow respirations, and scanty urine; 5) Asphyxial death due to glottic edema; 6) Late esophageal, gastric and pyloric strictures and stenoses; and 7) Uncorrected circulatory collapse of several hours' duration may lead to renal failure and ischemic lesions in the liver and heart. Reference: Gosselin. CTCP 5th Ed. 1984. II 202. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

( b) Remarks: Although exposure to phosphoric acid may result in effects attributable to the acid component, there is no evidence that phosphorus poisoning can occur on exposure to phosphoric acid. The FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives recommended levels for total dietary phosphorus level of less than Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 47 30 mg/ kg bw is considered safe in any type of diet. The conditional acceptance level of 30 70 mg/ kg is appropriate only when dietary calcium intake is high. Reference: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

( c) Remarks: 10,000 mg/ m3 is considered immediately dangerous to life or health as classified by NIOSH. Inhalation of mists of phosphoric acid can be irritating to the upper respiratory tract, however production of pulmonary edema is not likely. Reference: European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

( d) Remarks: Because phosphoric acid has a low vapor pressure at room temperature, it is not irritating to the eyes or respiratory tract unless it is introduced into the atmosphere as a spray or mist. Reference: NIOSH OSHA. Occupat. Health Guide Chem. Hazards. 1981. p. 2. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

( e) Remarks: Phosphoric acid may irritate and injure the eyes, owing to its acidity, but systemically phosphate has no poisonous action on the eye. Tested on human eyes, 0.16 M orthophosphoric acid buffered to pH 2.5 caused a moderate brief stinging sensation but no injury when applied as a single drop. A drop of the same solution adjusted to pH 3.4 caused no discomfort. Reference: Grant. Tox. of the Eye. 1986. p. 733. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

( f) Remarks: Phosphoric acid has been used in the treatment of lead poisoning and other conditions where mild acidosis is desired, such as the prevention of kidney stones. It has been administered at a rate as high as 60 ml daily. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 48 Reference: Budavari, S. ( ed.) 1996. The Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories. Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. Von Burg, R. 1992. Phosphoric acid/ phosphates a review. Appl. Tox. 12( 4): 301 303. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 49 6. REFERENCES 29 CFR 1910.1000. June 1, 1998.

40 CFR 156.62. Toxicity Category.

ACGIH. 1986. Documentation of TLV's 5th Ed. p. 338.

Al Ani, F. Y. and Al Lami, S. K. 1988. Absence of mutagenic activity of acidity regulators in the Ames/ salmonella test. Mutat. Res. 206( 4): 467 470.

Alkahem, H. F. 1989. Effect of different acids on the freshwater fish, Aphanius dispar. J. Biol. Sci. Res. 20( 3): 537 545.

BIOFAX Ind. 1970. Bio Test Lab. 17 4/ 70. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. In Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA Brehm, M. 1982. Arch. Hydrobiol. 95( 1 4): 17 27. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Budavari, S. ( ed.) 1996. The Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.

Cipollaro, M., Corsate, G., Esposito, A., Ragucci, E., Staiano, N., Guiordano, G. G., and Pagano, G. 1986. Sublethal pH decrease may cause genetic damage to eukaryotic cell: A study on sea urchins and Salmonella typhimurium. Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 6: 275 287.

Dermal irritancy/ corrosion of 20 compounds in aqueous solutions Report FOA E 40023 1986. Available NITS Gov. Rep. Index 86( 7). In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Directive 92/ 32 of April 30, 1992. Official Journal of the European Communities, No. L154 of June 5, 1992.

Ellgaard, E. G. and Gilmore, Jr., J. Y. 1984. J. Fish Biol. 25( 2): 133 137. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Environment Canada. 1982. Technical Information for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid. Draft. Ottawa, Ontario: Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 50 Environment Canada. 1981. Technical Information for Problem Spills: Phosphoric Acid. Draft. Ottawa, Ontario: Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

European Commission 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Federal Register 64( 234): 68311 68314, December 7, 1999. Phosphoric Acid: Community Right to Know Toxic Chemical Release Reporting: Proposed Rule.

Furia. 1972. Handbook of Food Additives, 2nd edition. p. 619. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Gosselin. CTCP 5th Ed. 1984. II 202. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Grant. Tox. of the Eye. 1986. p. 733. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Hoechst AG ( 1994) internal study. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Holma, B. 1989. Effects of inhaled acids on airway mucus and its consequences for health. Environ. Health Perspect. 79: 109 113. In Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic acid aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete och Halsa 1: 7 54.

IFDC. 2002. North America Fertilizer Capacity, January 2002.

Iijima, Horii, Kanemaki, et al. 1993. Cytototoxicity of phosphoric acid on cultured mammalian cells. Shigaku. 80( 5): 1159 1165.

Iishi, Kaji, and Noguchi. 1981. Suishitsu Odaku Kengyu 4: 197 203. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 51 International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC). 1992. Occupational exposures to mists and vapours from sulfuric acid and other strong inorganic acids. IARC Monograph Eval. Carcinogen Risk Chem. Hum. 54.

ITII. Tox. & Hazard Indus. Chem. Safety Manual. 1988. p. 414. In European Commission. 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

J. R. Simplot Company. 1999. Material Safety Data Sheet: Phosphoric Acid. M12000. May 1999.

Jacobs, G. A. 1992. Two dilutions of phosphoric acid tested on the eye. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol. 11( 6): 724.

Kirk Othmer. 1980. Encyclopedia Chemical Technology, 3rd edition. 1978 present. 11: 161. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Kirschner, E. M. 1996. Growth of top 50 chemicals slowed in 1995 from very high 1994 rate. Chem. Crg. News. 74: 16 22.

Kristensen, P. 1993. Inorganic Acid Aerosols. Nordic Expert Group for Documentation of Occupational Exposure Limits. Arbete Och Halsa. 1: 7 54. In European Commission 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Landfair, S. W., Brown, E. L., Israel, R. J., and Kreis, P. B. 1993. The EC's seventh amendment: Fundamental changes in the regulation of chemical substances manufactured and imported into the European community. International Environmental Reporter 0/ 49 8738/ 93: 785 790.

Morley, K. M. 1999. Evaluation of the EPA exposure assessment for phosphoric acid. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 29: 309 318.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH). 1997. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.

NIOSH. 1981. OSHA Occupational Health Guide to Chemical Hazards. p. 3. In Hazardous Substances Database ( HSDB). 1999. Phosphoric Acid. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

OECD. 1997. SIDS Manual. OECD Secretariat, 3rd Revision, July 1997.

Randall, D. J. and Robinson, E. C. 1990. Acute toxic evaluation of various concentrations of phosphoric acid. 1( 1): 69 70. In European Commission. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) 52 1996. Phosphoric Acid. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

STNEASY. 1999. Chemlist STN International. May. < http:// www. cas. org/ stn. html>.

USEPA. 1999. Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program. www. epa. gov/ chemrtk/ catdoc29. pdf.

Von Burg, R. 1992. Phosphoric acid/ phosphates a review. Appl. Tox. 12( 4): 301 303. APPENDIX A  SIDS Data Availability Summary Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) Explanation of Appendix A Appendix A is a SIDS Data Summary table that provides an overview of availability and quality of the data used in this Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary for Phosphoric Acid. Y ( Yes) and N ( No) designations indicate whether data are available that meet the criteria for each column. The columns are described as:

Information: Data exist that were useful for describing the data element. These data may be from standard laboratory tests or from generally recognized published sources or professional experience.

OECD Study: The data were developed using standard OECD or essentially similar ( e. g., EPA harmonized protocols) guidelines.

GLP: The data were developed under standard Good Laboratory Practice provisions. These generally represent the highest quality data.

Other Study: Studies were conducted that could not be definitively identified as following OECD or GLP protocols. These studies were included when they were determined to be of adequate quality and provided relevant information to the characterization of the compound.

Estimation Method: In some cases, data may be estimated using established structure activity relationships. These methods are common for physical chemical parameters such as octanol water partition coefficients and water solubility.

Acceptable: This column indicates whether the data are deemed acceptable by standard acceptability criteria and professional judgment. Only the data meeting adequacy standards are included in this summary document.

SIDS Testing Recommended: This column indicates whether additional testing is recommended based on an evaluation of the available data summarized in this document. It is not necessary to fill all of the apparent data gaps in order to adequately characterize the inherent hazard of chemicals. Information from other data elements and from other chemicals in the category, along with professional judgment, are useful in the final determination of the need for further testing. Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2) SIDS DATA AVAILABILITY SUMMARY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid CAS No: 7664 38 2 Information OECD Study GLP Other Study Estimation Method Acceptable SIDS Testing Recommended STUDY Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Physical Chemical Data 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.12 Melting Point Boiling Point Density Vapour Pressure Partition Coefficient Water Solubility PH and pKa Values Oxidation: Reduction Potential Y Y Y Y N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y  Y Y  N N N N N N N N OTHER P/ C STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N N N Y N ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 Photodegradation Stability in Water Monitoring Data Transport and Distribution Biodegradation N Y N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N  Y  Y Y N N N N N OTHER ENV FATE STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N N N Y N ECOTOXICITY 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5.2 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 Acute toxicity to Fish Acute toxicity to Daphnia Toxicity to Algae Chronic toxicity to Daphnia Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Toxicity to Birds Y Y N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y    Y  N N N N N N N OTHER ECOTOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N Y N Y N TOXICITY 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.9 5.11 Acute Oral Acute Inhalation Acute Dermal Repeated Dose Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation . Chromosomal aberration Genetic Toxicity in vivo Reproduction Toxicity Development/ Teratogenicity Human Experience Y Y Y N Y Y N Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y N Y N Y Y N Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y

Y Y  Y  Y N N N N N N N N N N OTHER TOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N Y N Y N APPENDIX B  SIDS Data Summaries for Acids Category SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point  41.59oC 21 ( 85% solution) 10oC 2.2 Boiling Point 83 ° C at 1 atm 158oC 280 290oC at 1 atm 2.3 Density 15.1 g/ mL at 25 ° C 1.87 g/ mL at 25oC 1.84 x 10 6 g/ mL at 20oC 2.4 Vapour Pressure 62 mm Hg at 25 ° C ( low volatility) 0.03 1.5 mm Hg at 20oC ( low volatility) 7.5 x 10 4 mm Hg at 20oC ( low volatility)

2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient OECD Guideline 107, GLP  2.3 at 25 ° C 2.6A Water Solubility 1 x 106 mg/ L at 25 ° C ( highly soluble) 750 850 g/ L ( highly soluble) Miscible ( highly soluble)

2.6B pH and pKa values pH: 1.0 at 0.1 M pKa:  1.4 pH: 1 1.5 at 1 10 g/ L pK1: 2.15; pK2;

7.09; pK3 12.32 at 25oC pH: 0.3 at 49 g/ L pK1:  3; pK2 1.92 at 25oC 2.7 Flash Point Non flammable Non flammable Non flammable 2.8 Auto Flammability Non flammable Non flammable Non flammable 2.9 Flammability Non flammable DIN 51584 Non flammable Non flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties Not explosive Possible with contact with metals Not explosive 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Oxidizes Powerful acidic oxidizer 2.13B Henry's Law Constant 2.45 x 106 atm* m3/ mol SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.2 Stability in Water Dissociates into its respective ions ( H+; NO3 ) Ionic dissociation in water Dissociates in water to form sulfate salts,

especially with calcium and magnesium 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Dissolves some soil material ( carbonates) Dissolves some soil material, in particular carbonate based materials 3.2 Monitoring Data Average concentration of 13.5 µ g/ m3 for urban eastern U. S.

3.3 Transport and Distribution Dissolves carbonates; nitrate ions taken up by plants stimulate growth Under acidic soil conditions,

sparsely soluble phosphates tend to solubilize and may migrate to water Dissolves in the atmosphere; highly mobile in soil and can dissolve carbonate based materials 3.5 Biodegradation Under anaerobic conditions, microorganisms may degrade the product to phosphine Sulfate reducing bacteria break down sulfuric acid 3.6 BOD5 Does not cause a biochemical oxygen demand 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish A. dispar ( freshwater fish)

S. gairdneri ( rainbow trout) 96 hr.

semistatic 7 day semistatic LC50 ( 96 hr) = pH 3.7. LC50 ( 7 days) = pH 4.0 L. macrochirus ( bluegill sunfish) 96 hr. static LC50 = pH 3.0

3.5 L. macrochirus ( bluegill),

A. dispar S. gairdneri ( rainbow trout)

B. rerio G. affinis ( mosquito fish) 96 hr semistatic 96 hr semi

static, Continuous or pulsed 96 hr static,

OECD Guideline 203 96 hr static LC50 = pH 3.0

3.84 LC50 = 3.7 4.41 LC50 = 500 mg/ L ( pH 2.29)

LC50 = 42 mg/ L ( pH 3.37)

4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates D. magna D. pulex G. pulex ( amphipod) 12 hr. static 12 hr. static 12 hr. static EC50 = pH 4.6 EC50 = pH 4.1 LC50 = pH 3.4 Daphnia magna 24 hr static,

ISO 6341 15 64 hr static EC50 = 29 mg/ L ( pH 3.5)

EC100 = 88 mg/ L ( pH 3.05)

4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) N. palea ( diatom) 28 day growth in lab culture tube Inhibited growth of diatoms at 6.3 mg/ L N. palea ( diatom) 28 day growth in lab culture tube Growth inhibition as determined by cell count observed at 10 mg/ L ( pH:

3.99)

4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Subarctic field study Total biomass was dependent on pH Activated sludge EC50 = pH 2.55 Activated sludge 120 hr EC50 = 58 mg/ L ( pH: 3.23) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish S. fontinalis ( brook trout)

C. carpio, P.

altivelis, O.

masou, S.

pluvius 90 day semistatic pulsed 96 hr, larvae &

fry exposed H+ sensitivity changed with developmental stage EC50 ( reproduction rate) = ~ pH 4.0

5.2; LC50 ( mortality of larvae and fry) = ~ pH 3.6  5 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms Bacteria Subarctic field study Total biomass was dependent on pH.

4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Peas, beans,

beets, rapeseed,

and weeds Sprayed with 15   20%

solution of H3PO4 Foliage was destroyed on all plants N. arcticum ( lichen), Peltigera.

spp. ( lichen),

E. nigrum ( dwarf shrub) and V. vitisidaea ( dwarf shrub). Simulated acid rain field study in northern Finland, 10 growing seasons Decrease in cover of foliose lichens and reduction in nitrogen fixing activity for nitrogen fixing lichens. No longterm negative effects on fructiose lichens reported.

A pH of 3 reduced reproductive output of V.

vitisidaea SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat Sheep up to 100 mg/ kg bw/ day LD50 = 1,530 mg/ kg bw 100 mg/ kg bw/ day caused loss of weight and death Rat OECD Guideline 401 LD50 = 2,140 mg/ kg bw; > 5,000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Rat 4 hour single dose LC50 = 65 67 ppm NO2 Guinea pig,

mouse, rat,

rabbit 1 hr LC50 = 61 1,689 mg/ m3 P2O5 Guinea pig Rabbit Rat 1 hr, 8 hr 1 hr 1 hr 18 61 mg/ m3 Can slow mucus transport in lung at 0.45 mg/ m3 347 420 ppm 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rabbit 24 hr LD50 = > 1,260

> 3,160 mg/ kg bw Rat, mouse,

guinea pig,

rabbit Erosion of the skin, erythema,

and edema observed after exposure to 5

10% solution; no effects observed from < 5%

solution 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Corrosive to skin Rabbit 24 hr Highly irritating to corrosive Rat, rabbit,

human OECD Guideline 404 Not irritating at 10%; corrosive at high concentrations 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion Corrosive to eyes Rabbit OECD Guideline 405 Not irritating for 17% solution but severe irritation at higher concentration Rat, rabbit,

mouse OECD Guideline 405 Can cause irritation and corrosion to eyes 5.4 Repeated Dose Mouse, rat,

guinea pig Via inhalation:

4 hrs/ day, 5 days/ week,

6 months No significant effects at 4 ppm Rat Continuous, up to 14 weeks No effects on body or lung weights or myokinetic activity up to 0.15 mg/ m3 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.4 ( continued) Rat 6 hr/ day, 5 day/ wk, 6 months Normal weight gain and no respiratory lesions at 10 mg/ m3 Rabbit 1 hr/ day, 5 day/ wk, up to 12 months At 0.25 mg/ m3,

weight reduction and increased bronchial reactivity were observed Rabbit 2 hr/ day, 14 days Retardation of respiratory tract clearance at 0.5 mg/ m3 Guinea pig Several studies ranging from 4 to 23 hrs/ day and for 2 days up to 12 months No effects on body weight, lung function or pathology at up to 2.49 mg/ m3 Minimal changes at 10 mg/ m3 but damage to lungs at 25 mg/ m3 Monkey 23.5 hr/ day, 7 day/ wk, 78 weeks Deterioration of pulmonary structure and function at doses up to 4.79 mg/ m3 Dog 21 hr/ day, 620 days Reduced lung function, volume and weight at 0.9 mg/ m3 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.4 ( continued) Chick, mallard ducklings Via oral feed:

up to 11,117 mg/ kg/ day, 14 days ( chicks);

12,393 mg/ kg/ day, 15 days ( mallards) Decrease in growth of chicks at 11,117 mg/ kg/ day due to an 18% decrease in food intake. No effects in ducklings 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation S. typhimurium OECD Guideline 471 ( Ames test) Negative S. typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutation assay ( Ames test) Negative S. typhimurium E. coli Bacterial reverse mutation assay ( Ames test) Negative Negative . Chromosomal aberration Sea urchin Embryo and sperm assays Aberrations caused by pH # 6.5 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat One generation 375 mg/ kg bw did not affect offspring growth in rats Mouse,

rabbit Via inhalation:

7 hrs/ day, 10

13 days of gestation No significant effects at 20 mg/ m3 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Mouse,

rabbit Inhalation: 7 hrs/ day, 10 13 days of gestation NOEL ( maternal):

5 mg/ m3 NOEL ( teratogenicity): 20 mg/ m3 5.10A Specific Toxicities Chinese hamster cells Cytotoxicity in V79 lung cells Effects on growth, survival rate, and macro molecular systhesis at 30 mM Neurotoxicity Very high doses can lead to physiological disruption SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR ACIDS CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2002 Phosphoric Acid ( CAS No. 7664 38 2)

NITRIC ACID PHOSPHORIC ACID SULFURIC ACID DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.11 Human Experience Acute accidental inhalation Acute respiratory injury leading to death following exposure to 60%

nitric acid solution Inhalation 10,000 mg/ m3 is immediately dangerous to life High concentrations can irritate skin and mucous membranes and cause eye damage.

Inhalation at high concentrations for longer periods may cause respiratory infections and digestive disturbances.

Dermal contact May irritate eyes and skin 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits 8 hr TWA TLV 15 min STELTLV 2 ppm ( 5 mg/ m3 in air)

4 ppm ( 10 mg/ m3 in air) 8 hr TWATLV 15 min STELTLV 1 mg/ m3 in air 3 mg/ m3 in air 8 hr. TWATLV 5 min.

STELTLV 1 mg/ m3 in air.

2 mg/ m3 in air


[Federal Register: September 12, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 176)]
[Notices]
[Page 52101-52102]
[DOCID:fr12se07-75]

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on July 25, 2007.
    c. Name of the project is General Hampton Project. The project
would be located on the Mississippi River in Ascension and St. James
Parishes, Louisiana. The project uses no dam or impoundment.
    d. Filed Pursuant to: Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C. 791a-825r.
    e. Applicants Contacts: For the Free Flow Power Corporation: Mr.
Dan Irvin, Free Flow Power Corporation, 69 Bridge Street, Manchester,
MA 01944, phone<PHONE_NUMBER>. FFP Project 7, LLC: Mr. Dan Irvin, FFP
Project 7, LLC, 69 Bridge Street, Manchester, MA 01944, phone (978)
232-3536.
    f. FERC Contact: Robert Bell,<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    g. Deadline for filing comments, protests, and motions to
intervene: 60 days from the issuance date of this notice.
    f. All documents (original and eight copies) should be filed with:
Secretary, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE.,
Washington, DC 20426. Comments, protests, and interventions may be
filed electronically via the Internet in lieu of paper; see 18 CFR
385.2001(a)(1)(iii) and the instructions on the Commission's web site
under the ``e-Filing'' link. The Commission strongly encourages
electronic filings. Please include the project number (P-12816-000 or
P-12869-000) on any comments or motions filed.
    The Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure require all
intervenors filing documents with the Commission to serve a copy of
that document on each person in the official service list for the
project. Further, if an intervenor files comments or documents with the
Commission relating to the merits of an issue that may affect the
responsibilities of a particular resource agency, they must also serve
a copy of the document on that resource agency.
    h. Description of Projects: The project proposed by Free Flow Power
Corporation would consist of: (1) 2,300 proposed 20 kilowatt Free Flow
generating units having a total installed capacity of 46 megawatts, (2)
a proposed transmission line, and (3) appurtenant facilities. The Free
Flow Power Corporation, project would have an average annual generation
of 201.48 gigawatt-hours and be sold to a local utility.
    The project proposed by FFP Project 20, LLC would consist of: (1)
2,300 proposed 20 kilowatt Free Flow generating units having a total
installed capacity of 46 megawatts, (2) a proposed transmission line,
and (3) appurtenant facilities. The FFP Project 22, LLC, project would
have an average annual generation of 201.48 gigawatt-hours and be sold
to a local utility.
    i. The filings are available for review at the Commission in the
Public Reference Room or may be viewed on the Commission's Web site at
http://www.ferc.gov using the ``eLibrary'' link. Enter the docket

number excluding the last three digits in the docket number field to
access the document. For assistance, call toll-free 1-866-208-3676 or
e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For TTY, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. A copy
is also available for inspection and reproduction at the address in
item e above.
    j. Competing Preliminary Permit: Anyone desiring to file a
competing application for preliminary permit for a proposed project
must submit the competing application itself, or a notice of intent to
file such an application, to the Commission on or before the specified
comment date for the particular application (see 18 CFR 4.36).
Submission of a timely notice of intent allows an interested person to
file the competing preliminary permit application no later than 30 days
after the specified comment date for the particular application. A
competing

preliminary permit application must conform with 18 CFR 4.30(b) and
4.36.
    k. Competing Development Application: Any qualified development
applicant desiring to file a competing development application must
submit to the Commission, on or before a specified comment date for the
particular application, either a competing development application or a
notice of intent to file such an application. Submission of a timely
notice of intent to file a development application allows an interested
person to file the competing application no later than 120 days after
the specified comment date for the particular application. A competing
license application must conform with 18 CFR 4.30(b) and 4.36.
    l. Notice of Intent: A notice of intent must specify the exact
name, business address, and telephone number of the prospective
applicant, and must include an unequivocal statement of intent to
submit, if such an application may be filed, either a preliminary
permit application or a development application (specify which type of
application). A notice of intent must be served on the applicant(s)
named in this public notice.
    m. Proposed Scope of Studies Under Permit: A preliminary permit, if
issued, does not authorize construction. The term of the proposed
preliminary permit would be 36 months. The work proposed under the
preliminary permit would include economic analysis, preparation of
preliminary engineering plans, and a study of environmental impacts.
Based on the results of these studies, the Applicant would decide
whether to proceed with the preparation of a development application to
construct and operate the project.
    n. Comments, Protests, or Motions to Intervene: Anyone may submit
comments, a protest, or a motion to intervene in accordance with the
requirements of Rules of Practice and Procedure, 18 CFR 385.210, .211,
.214. In determining the appropriate action to take, the Commission
will consider all protests or other comments filed, but only those who
file a motion to intervene in accordance with the Commission's Rules
may become a party to the proceeding. Any comments, protests, or
motions to intervene must be received on or before the specified
comment date for the particular application.
    o. Filing and Service of Responsive Documents--Any filings must
bear in all capital letters the title ``COMMENTS'', ``NOTICE OF INTENT
TO FILE COMPETING APPLICATION'', ``COMPETING APPLICATION'',
``PROTEST'', and ``MOTION TO INTERVENE'', as applicable, and the
Project Number of the particular application to which the filing
refers. Any of the above-named documents must be filed by providing the
original and the number of copies provided by the Commission's
regulations to: The Secretary, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,
888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC 20426. An additional copy must be
sent to Director, Division of Hydropower Administration and Compliance,
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, at the above-mentioned address. A
copy of any notice of intent, competing application or motion to
intervene must also be served upon each representative of the Applicant
specified in the particular application.
    p. Agency Comments: Federal, state, and local agencies are invited
to file comments on the described application. A copy of the
application may be obtained by agencies directly from the Applicant. If
an agency does not file comments within the time specified for filing
comments, it will be presumed to have no comments. One copy of an
agency's comments must also be sent to the Applicant's representatives.

Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.
 [FR Doc. E7-17932 Filed 9-11-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6717-01-P