NOTE: * Signifies missing data; Dk= respondents answered don't know; N = sample size; Refused = respondents refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 40 August 1997 Table 15 25. Total Time Spent Taking or Giving a Bath by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Bath Total N ** 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 61 61 Overall 649 18 153 237 128 27 29 36 21 Gender Male 159 4 48 59 23 8 4 7 6 Female 490 14 105 178 105 19 25 29 15 Age ( years) * 9 2 2 4 1 * * * * 18 64 491 6 105 174 111 22 24 31 18 > 64 149 10 46 59 16 5 5 5 3 Race White 487 11 124 185 97 16 19 24 11 Black 106 4 16 35 19 8 9 9 6 Asian 12 * 2 6 3 1 * * * Some Others 12 * 2 3 5 1 * * 1 Hispanic 26 1 8 6 3 1 1 3 3 Refused 6 2 1 2 1 * * * * Hispanic No 600 16 136 224 120 26 27 33 18 Yes 40 1 15 10 6 1 1 3 3 DK 6 * 1 2 2 * 1 * * Refused 3 1 1 1 * * * * * Employment * 1 * * * 1 * * * * Full Time 283 4 58 107 64 12 12 19 7 Part Time 76 1 26 26 15 5 1 2 * Not Employed 287 12 69 104 48 10 16 15 13 Refused 2 1 * * * * * * 1 Education * 4 1 * 2 1 * * * * < High School 96 7 15 35 16 3 6 7 7 High School Graduate 235 6 57 85 51 13 5 11 7 < College 163 4 45 53 32 4 11 8 6 College Graduate 102 * 18 44 20 5 5 9 1 Post Graduate 49 * 18 18 8 2 2 1 * Census Region Northeast 137 5 43 36 31 6 7 6 3 Midwest 151 2 42 67 26 3 3 5 3 South 255 9 42 87 55 16 14 21 11 West 106 2 26 47 16 2 5 4 4 Day of Week Weekday 415 12 90 161 84 11 23 23 11 Weekend 234 6 63 76 44 16 6 13 10 Season Winter 178 5 44 63 33 9 11 9 4 Spring 160 6 39 60 27 9 7 6 6 Summer 174 3 43 62 34 7 4 14 7 Fall 137 4 27 52 34 2 7 7 4 Asthma No 596 16 144 218 114 26 28 33 17 Yes 52 1 9 19 14 1 1 3 4 DK 1 1 * * * * * * * Angina No 620 14 147 226 124 25 28 35 21 Yes 26 3 6 10 3 2 1 1 * DK 3 1 * 1 1 * * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 610 15 150 218 119 26 26 35 21 Yes 36 2 3 17 9 1 3 1 * DK 3 1 * 2 * * * * *

NOTE: * Signifies missing data. Dk= respondents answered don't know. Refused = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size in a specified range of number of minutes spent. A value of 61 for number of minutes signifies that more than 60 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 41 Table 15 26. Number of Minutes Spent Giving and Taking the Bath( s) ( minutes/ bath)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 631 2 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Gender Male 155 1 4 5 6 10 15 30 45 60 61 61 61 Gender Female 476 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Age ( years) 18 64 485 2 5 5 10 15 20 30 60 60 61 61 61 Age ( years) > 64 139 3 5 5 5 10 15 20 40 60 61 61 61 Race White 476 1 4 5 10 10 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Race Black 102 5 5 9 10 15 22.5 40 60 61 61 61 61 Race Asian 12 10 10 10 10 15 20 27.5 30 40 40 40 40 Race Some Others 12 5 5 5 10 15 27.5 30 40 61 61 61 61 Race Hispanic 25 2 2 5 5 10 20 45 61 61 61 61 61 Hispanic No 584 2 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Hispanic Yes 39 2 2 5 5 10 20 30 60 61 61 61 61 Employment Full Time 279 1 4 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Employment Part Time 75 3 4 5 10 10 20 30 35 40 60 60 60 Employment Not Employed 275 2 5 5 10 10 20 30 60 60 61 61 61 Education < High School 89 1 5 10 10 15 20 35 60 61 61 61 61 Education High School Graduate 229 5 5 5 10 12 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Education < College 159 1 2 5 6 10 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Education College Graduate 102 5 5 8 10 15 20 30 45 60 60 60 61 Education Post Graduate 49 1 1 5 5 10 15 25 40 45 60 60 60 Census Region Northeast 132 1 5 5 6 10 15 30 45 60 61 61 61 Census Region Midwest 149 2 4 5 7 10 20 30 30 60 61 61 61 Census Region South 246 3 5 10 10 15 20 35 60 60 61 61 61 Census Region West 104 5 5 5 10 11 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekday 403 2 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekend 228 4 5 5 10 10 20 30 60 60 61 61 61 Season Winter 173 2 5 5 10 10 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Season Spring 154 1 3 5 10 10 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Season Summer 171 5 5 5 10 10 20 30 60 60 61 61 61 Season Fall 133 4 5 8 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Asthma No 580 2 5 5 10 12 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Asthma Yes 51 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 60 61 61 61 61 Angina No 606 2 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Angina Yes 23 5 5 5 5 10 15 30 40 45 60 60 60 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 595 2 5 5 10 10 20 30 45 60 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 34 5 5 8 15 15 20 30 45 45 60 60 60 NOTE: N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. A value of 61 for number of minutes signifies that more than 60 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 42 August 1997 Table 15 27. Time Spent in the Bathroom Immediately After the Bath( s) by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Bath Total N ** 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 61 61 Overall 649 25 85 422 74 23 7 6 5 2 Gender Male 159 6 18 118 11 4 1 1 * * Female 490 19 67 304 63 19 6 5 5 2 Age ( years) * 9 2 2 4 1 * * * * * 18 64 491 7 71 336 50 14 4 5 2 2 > 64 149 16 12 82 23 9 3 1 3 * Race White 487 22 59 319 58 15 4 4 5 1 Black 106 2 14 67 13 5 3 2 * * Asian 12 * 2 9 1 * * * * * Some Others 12 * 5 6 1 * * * * * Hispanic 26 * 4 18 * 3 * * * 1 Refused 6 1 1 3 1 * * * * * Hispanic No 600 25 76 390 71 20 7 6 4 1 Yes 40 * 7 28 1 3 * * * 1 DK 6 * 1 3 1 * * * 1 * Refused 3 * 1 1 1 * * * * * Employment * 1 * * 1 * * * * * * Full Time 283 6 35 203 30 7 1 1 * * Part Time 76 1 9 54 8 2 2 * * * Not Employed 287 18 41 164 35 14 4 4 5 2 Refused 2 * * * 1 * * 1 * * Education * 4 1 * 2 1 * * * * * < High School 96 10 11 51 12 7 1 * 2 2 High School Graduate 235 6 35 158 22 7 3 3 1 * < College 163 4 17 113 18 4 3 2 2 * College Graduate 102 2 14 66 15 4 * 1 * * Post Graduate 49 2 8 32 6 1 * * * * Census Region Northeast 137 8 13 91 16 8 * * 1 * Midwest 151 5 20 100 18 3 2 1 2 * South 255 9 31 164 30 9 5 4 1 2 West 106 3 21 67 10 3 * 1 1 * Day of Week Weekday 415 17 53 280 40 16 2 4 2 1 Weekend 234 8 32 142 34 7 5 2 3 1 Season Winter 178 3 14 122 24 7 3 1 2 2 Spring 160 8 21 96 20 8 4 2 1 * Summer 174 9 31 110 16 6 * 2 * * Fall 137 5 19 94 14 2 * 1 2 * Asthma No 596 24 75 388 69 21 7 5 5 2 Yes 52 1 10 34 4 2 * 1 * * DK 1 * * * 1 * * * * * Angina No 620 23 82 405 70 22 6 6 4 2 Yes 26 2 2 17 3 1 * * 1 * DK 3 * 1 * 1 * 1 * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 610 22 78 400 71 21 6 5 5 2 Yes 36 3 6 21 2 2 1 1 * * DK 3 * 1 1 1 * * * * *

Note: * Signifies missing data. Dk= respondents answered don't know. Refused = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. A value of 61 for number of minutes signifies that more than 60 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 43 Table 15 28. Number of Minutes Spent in the Bathroom Immediately After the Bath( s) ( minutes/ bath)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 624 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 45 55 61 Gender Male 153 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 12 20 30 35 45 Gender Female 471 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 45 60 61 Age ( years) 18 64 484 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 25 40 50 61 Age ( years) > 64 133 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 30 35 55 60 60 Race White 465 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 18 30 45 58 61 Race Black 104 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 40 45 45 Race Asian 12 0 0 0 0 2 5 7.5 10 20 20 20 20 Race Some Others 12 0 0 0 0 0 3 7.5 10 15 15 15 15 Race Hispanic 26 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 25 25 61 61 61 Hispanic No 575 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 40 50 61 Hispanic Yes 40 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 22.5 25 61 61 61 Employment Full Time 277 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 Employment Part Time 75 0 0 0 0 3 5 10 15 25 35 40 40 Employment Not Employed 269 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 25 35 58 60 61 Education < High School 86 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 30 35 61 61 61 Education High School Graduate 229 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 30 40 45 58 Education < College 159 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 30 45 60 60 Education College Graduate 100 0 0 0 0 1.5 5 10 19 25 30 37.5 45 Education Post Graduate 47 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 20 30 30 30 Census Region Northeast 129 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 30 30 60 Census Region Midwest 146 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 25 50 60 60 Census Region South 246 0 0 0 0 3 5 10 20 30 45 55 61 Census Region West 103 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 20 20 30 45 58 Day of Week Weekday 398 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 18 30 40 50 61 Day of Week Weekend 226 0 0 0 0 3 5 10 20 30 45 60 61 Season Winter 175 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 58 61 61 Season Spring 152 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 40 45 60 Season Summer 165 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 20 30 45 50 Season Fall 132 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 20 45 55 60 Asthma No 572 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 45 58 61 Asthma Yes 51 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 30 30 45 45 Angina No 597 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 45 58 61 Angina Yes 24 0 0 0 1 5 5 10 15 30 55 55 55 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 588 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 45 58 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 33 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 30 40 45 45 45 NOTE: N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. A value of 61 for number of minutes signifies that more than 60 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 44 August 1997 Table 15 29. Total Time Spent Altogether in the Shower or Bathtub by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Bath Total ** 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 70 80 80 90 90 100 110 121 N 100 110 120 121 Overall 4290 38 5 1903 1577 548 46 65 67 3 6 2 1 21 8 Gender Male 1934 8 1 872 735 234 19 24 24 1 1 1 1 10 3 Female 2355 30 4 1031 841 314 27 41 43 2 5 1 * 11 5 Refused 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * * * * Age ( years) * 86 5 1 26 36 12 * 1 4 * * * * * 1 1 4 198 * * 35 84 50 2 13 7 1 1 1 * 4 * 5 11 265 2 * 64 107 66 3 7 7 2 2 1 1 2 1 12 17 239 * * 78 96 46 5 5 8 * * * * 1 * 18 64 2919 15 1 1429 1051 303 32 31 35 * 3 * * 13 6 > 64 583 16 3 271 203 71 4 8 6 * * * * 1 * Race White 3452 27 4 1616 1248 401 35 44 50 1 3 * 1 16 6 Black 453 7 1 141 177 89 7 11 11 2 * 1 * 4 2 Asian 74 * * 33 31 7 * 1 1 * 1 * * * * Some Others 78 * * 24 28 19 2 3 2 * * * * * * Hispanic 180 2 * 63 79 24 2 4 2 * 2 1 * 1 * Refused 53 2 * 26 14 8 * 2 1 * * * * * * Hispanic No 3892 31 4 1744 1423 496 41 56 62 3 4 1 1 18 8 Yes 333 5 1 128 136 40 5 8 5 * 2 1 * 2 * DK 21 1 * 7 8 4 * * * * * * * 1 * Refused 44 1 * 24 10 8 * 1 * * * * * * * Employment * 692 2 * 172 284 162 9 24 22 3 3 2 1 7 1 Full Time 1985 11 2 1002 707 190 20 20 18 * * * * 12 3 Part Time 400 5 1 190 147 44 4 4 5 * * * * * * Not Employed 1181 20 2 524 429 146 13 17 22 * 3 * * 1 4 Refused 32 * * 15 10 6 * * * * * * * 1 * Education * 775 6 * 200 317 175 10 26 24 3 3 2 1 7 1 < High School 386 10 2 132 147 66 7 8 10 * 1 * * 1 2 High School Graduate 1254 12 1 574 476 138 14 14 18 * * * * 4 3 < College 864 2 * 414 331 93 6 7 8 * 1 * * 2 * College Graduate 558 4 1 308 168 53 7 7 4 * 1 * * 5 * Post Graduate 453 4 1 275 138 23 2 3 3 * * * * 2 2 Census Region Northeast 927 7 * 436 328 106 11 14 12 1 2 1 * 6 3 Midwest 956 9 3 440 343 126 5 15 10 * 2 1 * 2 * South 1513 16 2 601 588 208 22 25 35 2 1 * 1 8 4 West 894 6 * 426 318 108 8 11 10 * 1 * * 5 1 Day of Week Weekday 2881 23 3 1346 1038 336 30 40 39 1 1 2 1 16 5 Weekend 1409 15 2 557 539 212 16 25 28 2 5 * * 5 3 Season Winter 1124 8 1 504 417 137 14 13 19 1 * * * 7 3 Spring 1145 15 3 499 417 149 9 22 17 1 3 1 * 7 2 Summer 1165 11 1 495 420 176 14 19 19 1 2 1 * 5 1 Fall 856 4 * 405 323 86 9 11 12 * 1 * 1 2 2 Asthma No 3946 35 5 1767 1445 502 38 53 65 3 5 2 1 19 6 Yes 327 2 * 128 128 43 8 11 2 * 1 * * 2 2 DK 17 1 * 8 4 3 * 1 * * * * * * * Angina No 4151 34 5 1839 1529 530 45 62 66 3 6 2 1 21 8 Yes 114 3 * 52 41 14 1 2 1 * * * * * * DK 25 1 * 12 7 4 * 1 * * * * * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4059 34 3 1803 1502 517 42 58 63 3 5 2 1 19 7 Yes 207 2 2 86 71 28 4 6 4 * 1 * * 2 1 DK 24 2 * 14 4 3 * 1 * * * * * * *

Note: * Signifies missing data. DK = respondents answered " don't know". Refused = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 45 Table 15 30. Total Number of Minutes Spent Altogether in the Shower or Bathtub ( minutes/ bath)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 4252 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 35 60 60 121 Gender Male 1926 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Gender Female 2325 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 40 60 75 121 Age ( years) 1 4 198 1 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 120 120 120 Age ( years) 5 11 263 4 5 5 10 13 20 30 30 60 90 120 121 Age ( years) 12 17 239 4 4 5 7 10 15 30 30 45 60 60 120 Age ( years) 18 64 2904 3 4 5 5 10 13.5 20 30 30 50 60 121 Age ( years) > 64 567 2 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 60 120 Race White 3425 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Race Black 446 4 4 5 6 10 15 25 30 45 75 120 121 Race Asian 74 5 5 5 7 10 15 15 30 30 60 90 90 Race Some Others 78 5 5 5 7 10 15 30 30 45 60 60 60 Race Hispanic 178 1 3 5 7 10 15 20 30 45 90 100 120 Hispanic No 3861 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 35 60 60 121 Hispanic Yes 328 1 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 90 120 Employment Full Time 1974 3 4 5 5 10 10 20 30 30 45 60 121 Employment Part Time 395 3 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 60 60 Employment Not Employed 1161 2 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 35 60 60 121 Education < High School 376 1 4 5 5 10 15 25 30 45 60 90 121 Education High School Graduate 1242 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Education < College 862 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 60 120 Education College Graduate 554 3 3 5 5 10 10 15 30 30 45 90 120 Education Post Graduate 449 3 4 5 5 8 10 15 20 30 45 60 121 Census Region Northeast 920 4 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 35 60 100 121 Census Region Midwest 947 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 60 120 Census Region South 1497 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 75 121 Census Region West 888 3 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 60 121 Day of Week Weekday 2858 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Day of Week Weekend 1394 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 40 60 75 121 Season Winter 1116 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 35 60 60 121 Season Spring 1130 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 40 60 90 121 Season Summer 1154 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 40 60 60 121 Season Fall 852 3 5 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Asthma No 3911 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Asthma Yes 325 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 120 121 Angina No 4117 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 35 60 60 121 Angina Yes 111 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 45 45 60 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4025 3 4 5 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 60 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 205 1 3 5 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 120 121 Note: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 46 August 1997 Table 15 31. Time Spent in the Bathroom Immediately Following a Shower or Bath by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Shower or Bath Total N ** 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 70 80 80 90 110 120 121 121 Overall 4290 108 348 2770 713 250 20 32 35 1 2 7 4 Gender Male 1934 37 138 1357 312 67 5 8 6 * * 1 3 Female 2355 71 210 1413 400 183 15 24 29 1 2 6 1 Refused 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * * Age ( years) * 86 12 8 38 19 6 * 1 1 * * * 1 1 4 198 2 59 123 12 * 1 1 * * * * * 5 11 265 5 33 198 23 3 1 * 1 * * 1 * 12 17 239 1 17 165 34 16 1 3 2 * * * * 18 64 2919 53 184 1901 517 189 14 25 26 1 1 5 3 > 64 583 35 47 345 108 36 3 2 5 * 1 1 * Race White 3452 80 271 2235 590 194 15 29 24 1 2 7 4 Black 453 15 49 276 63 35 4 2 9 * * * * Asian 74 * 8 48 12 4 1 1 * * * * * Some Others 78 2 7 46 19 3 * * 1 * * * * Hispanic 180 4 8 134 21 12 * * 1 * * * * Refused 53 7 5 31 8 2 * * * * * * * Hispanic No 3892 95 316 2504 655 227 19 32 32 1 1 6 4 Yes 333 8 28 227 46 21 1 * 2 * * * * DK 21 * 1 10 5 2 * * 1 * 1 1 * Refused 44 5 3 29 7 * * * * * * * * Employment * 692 8 111 479 66 17 3 4 3 * * 1 * Full Time 1985 36 122 1302 357 120 10 16 14 1 1 3 3 Part Time 400 8 22 256 71 32 2 5 2 * * 2 * Not Employed 1181 52 93 712 214 79 5 7 16 * 1 1 1 Refused 32 4 * 21 5 2 * * * * * * * Education * 775 14 114 531 82 20 3 7 3 * * 1 * < High School 386 28 30 220 65 30 2 1 5 * 2 1 2 High School Graduate 1254 34 89 799 204 92 8 12 10 1 * 4 1 < College 864 17 59 568 158 46 4 2 9 * * * 1 College Graduate 558 8 27 362 115 31 2 8 5 * * * * Post Graduate 453 7 29 290 89 31 1 2 3 * * 1 * Census Region Northeast 927 20 69 614 161 49 3 2 6 * * 1 2 Midwest 956 27 86 600 155 57 5 13 11 * * 1 1 South 1513 41 119 971 255 93 8 7 10 1 2 5 1 West 894 20 74 585 142 51 4 10 8 * * * * Day of Week Weekday 2881 79 224 1889 474 153 15 19 19 1 1 5 2 Weekend 1409 29 124 881 239 97 5 13 16 * 1 2 2 Season Winter 1124 34 77 726 193 65 7 8 9 * 1 3 1 Spring 1145 26 99 756 167 70 4 12 10 * * 1 * Summer 1165 36 112 740 184 66 6 9 8 1 1 2 * Fall 856 12 60 548 169 49 3 3 8 * * 1 3 Asthma No 3946 101 306 2540 673 236 18 30 32 1 1 6 2 Yes 327 5 41 219 37 14 2 2 3 * 1 1 2 DK 17 2 1 11 3 * * * * * * * * Angina No 4151 99 333 2687 691 241 20 32 34 1 2 7 4 Yes 114 6 13 68 17 9 * * 1 * * * * DK 25 3 2 15 5 * * * * * * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4059 98 325 2623 684 236 19 31 32 1 1 6 3 Yes 207 6 22 133 24 14 1 1 3 * 1 1 1 DK 24 4 1 14 5 * * * * * * * *

Note: * Signifies missing data. A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. DK= respondents answered " don't know". Refused = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size in a specified range or number of minutes spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 47 Table 15 32. Number of Minutes Spent in the Bathroom Immediately Following a Shower or Bath ( minutes/ bath)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 4182 0 0 0 1 4 5 15 20 30 40 60 121 Gender Male 1897 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 15 20 30 40 121 Gender Female 2284 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 30 30 45 60 121 Age ( years) 1 4 196 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 20 35 45 Age ( years) 5 11 260 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 15 30 35 120 Age ( years) 12 17 238 0 0 0 2 5 5 10 20 30 45 45 60 Age ( years) 18 64 2866 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 121 Age ( years) > 64 548 0 0 0 1 4 10 15 20 30 40 60 120 Race White 3372 0 0 0 1 4 5 15 20 30 40 60 121 Race Black 438 0 0 0 0 4 6 15 30 30 60 60 60 Race Asian 74 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 35 45 45 Race Some Others 76 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 60 60 Race Hispanic 176 0 0 1 1 3 5 10 20 30 30 30 60 Hispanic No 3797 0 0 0 1 4 5 15 20 30 45 60 121 Hispanic Yes 325 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 30 30 60 Employment Full Time 1949 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 20 30 40 60 121 Employment Part Time 392 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 25 30 45 60 120 Employment Not Employed 1129 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 20 30 45 60 121 Education < High School 358 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 30 30 60 90 121 Education High School Graduate 1220 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 25 30 45 60 121 Education < College 847 0 0 0 1 5 10 15 20 30 30 60 121 Education College Graduate 550 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 45 45 60 Education Post Graduate 446 0 0 0 1 5 8 15 20 30 30 50 120 Census Region Northeast 907 0 0 0 1 5 5 10 20 30 30 45 121 Census Region Midwest 929 0 0 0 1 5 5 15 20 30 45 60 121 Census Region South 1472 0 0 0 1 3.5 5 15 20 30 40 60 121 Census Region West 874 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 45 45 60 Day of Week Weekday 2802 0 0 0 1 4 5 10 20 30 35 50 121 Day of Week Weekend 1380 0 0 0 1 4 8 15 20 30 45 60 121 Season Winter 1090 0 0 0 1 5 7 15 20 30 45 60 121 Season Spring 1119 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 45 50 120 Season Summer 1129 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 40 52 120 Season Fall 844 0 0 0 1 5 8 15 20 30 35 60 121 Asthma No 3845 0 0 0 1 4 5 15 20 30 40 60 121 Asthma Yes 322 0 0 0 0 3 5 10 20 30 60 90 121 Angina No 4052 0 0 0 1 4 5 15 20 30 40 60 121 Angina Yes 108 0 0 0 0 4.5 5.5 12.5 20 30 30 30 60 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 3961 0 0 0 1 4 5 15 20 30 40 60 121 Bronchitis/ emphysema Yes 201 0 0 0 0 4 10 10 30 30 60 88 121 Note: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 48 August 1997 Table 15 33. Range of Number of Times Washing the Hands at Specified Daily Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Number of Times/ Day Total N ** 0 0 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 19 20 29 30+ DK Overall 4663 38 34 311 1692 1106 892 223 178 189 Gender Male 2163 16 19 218 975 487 286 59 49 54 Female 2498 22 15 92 716 619 606 164 129 135 Refused 2 * * 1 1 * * * * * Age ( years) * 84 8 * 1 25 15 11 4 5 15 1 4 263 * 15 62 125 35 11 2 3 10 5 11 348 1 5 61 191 48 21 4 2 15 12 17 326 3 6 46 159 64 30 7 2 9 18 64 2972 18 7 131 1029 760 640 168 143 76 > 64 670 8 1 10 163 184 179 38 23 64 Race White 3774 21 28 251 1377 902 740 181 140 134 Black 463 6 2 30 149 120 85 19 23 29 Asian 77 1 * 5 29 19 12 4 1 6 Some Others 96 * 1 10 39 16 15 8 5 2 Hispanic 193 1 3 14 78 42 31 10 5 9 Refused 60 9 * 1 20 7 9 1 4 9 Hispanic No 4244 27 29 276 1536 1022 823 205 164 162 Yes 347 2 5 33 130 76 57 17 10 17 DK 26 * * 1 12 4 5 1 1 2 Refused 46 9 * 1 14 4 7 * 3 8 Employment * 926 4 26 165 471 145 61 13 7 34 Full Time 2017 12 4 96 707 525 406 116 103 48 Part Time 379 * * 13 142 101 86 10 15 12 Not Employed 1309 18 4 36 365 327 334 83 52 90 Refused 32 4 * 1 7 8 5 1 1 5 Education * 1021 13 26 174 507 158 74 13 12 44 < High School 399 2 * 8 120 96 88 26 24 35 High School Graduate 1253 12 4 56 391 318 298 70 47 57 < College 895 2 3 28 284 246 197 59 48 28 College Graduate 650 6 * 23 238 174 139 28 27 15 Post Graduate 445 3 1 22 152 114 96 27 20 10 Census Region Northeast 1048 9 6 68 404 243 195 55 38 30 Midwest 1036 5 7 68 373 251 212 41 38 41 South 1601 14 11 108 559 379 299 79 66 86 West 978 10 10 67 356 233 186 48 36 32 Day of Week Weekday 3156 34 22 199 1103 764 599 155 147 133 Weekend 1507 4 12 112 589 342 293 68 31 56 Season Winter 1264 6 10 91 507 286 223 55 51 35 Spring 1181 13 9 78 406 283 238 60 44 50 Summer 1275 15 9 78 443 315 232 65 48 70 Fall 943 4 6 64 336 222 199 43 35 34 Asthma No 4287 28 32 283 1562 1024 819 207 165 167 Yes 341 1 2 26 126 77 69 16 10 14 DK 35 9 * 2 4 5 4 * 3 8 Angina No 4500 28 34 306 1652 1069 851 218 171 171 Yes 125 2 * 3 32 34 36 5 3 10 DK 38 8 * 2 8 3 5 * 4 8 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4424 27 33 302 1627 1040 835 213 172 175 Yes 203 3 1 7 57 61 55 10 3 6 DK 36 8 * 2 8 5 2 * 3 8 Note: * Signifies missing data. N = doer sample size in a specified range or number of minutes spent. DK= respondents answered " don't know". Refused = respondents refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 49 Table 15 34. Number of Minutes Spent ( at home) Working or Being Near Food While Fried, Grilled, or Barbequed ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 1055 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 105 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 485 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 570 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 35 0 0 2 2 5 20 30 45 60 60 60 60 Age ( years) 5 11 82 0 0 0 2 5 15 30 60 90 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 82 0 0 2 4 10 20 45 60 90 121 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 747 0 2 3 5 10 20 40 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 96 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 121 121 Race White 848 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 105 121 121 121 121 Race Black 115 2 2 5 5 10 20 30 61 121 121 121 121 Race Asian 18 0 0 0 0 5 10 20 121 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 16 5 5 5 5 12.5 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 48 0 0 5 5 15 30 60 90 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 960 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 84 0 1 2 5 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 506 1 2 3 5 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 95 0 1 2 5 10 15 40 90 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 252 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 96 0 1 2 5 10 22.5 52.5 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 318 0 2 5 5 10 20 30 120 121 121 121 121 Education < College 208 0 2 3 5 10 20 35 121 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 135 1 1 2 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 83 0 2 5 5 10 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 Census Region Northeast 198 0 2 3 5 10 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 248 0 0 4 5 10 20 30 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 399 0 1 2 5 10 20 40 90 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 210 0 0 2 5 7 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 662 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 393 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 120 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 267 0 2 2 5 10 20 30 60 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 296 0 0 3 5 10 20 45 120 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 299 0 0 3 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 193 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 960 0 1 2.5 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 92 0 0 2 5 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Angina No 1032 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 95 121 121 121 121 Angina Yes 19 0 0 0 5 15 30 30 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1005 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 90 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 47 0 0 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Note: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 50 August 1997 Table 15 35. Number of Minutes Spent ( at home) Working or Being Near Open Flames Including Barbeque Flames ( minutes/ day)

Percentiles Category Population Group N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 479 0 0 1 2 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 252 0 0 1 2 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 227 0 0 2 2 10 20 30 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 14 0 0 0 0 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 29 0 0 0 0 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 28 0 0 1 2 10 22.5 42.5 60 60 90 90 90 Age ( years) 18 64 372 0 0 1 3 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) :> 64 31 2 2 2 4 5 17 30 120 121 121 121 121 Race White 407 0 0 1 2 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Race Black 31 0 0 0 2 5 20 30 60 121 121 121 121 Race Asian 5 5 5 5 5 20 40 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 8 10 10 10 10 11 22.5 60 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 22 2 2 3 5 5 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 436 0 0 1 2 10 20 42.5 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 36 2 2 3 5 11 60 90 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 262 0 0 1 2 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 44 0 0 1 4 5 15 52.5 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 99 0 1 2 3 10 20 40 120 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 27 2 2 2 3 5 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 130 0 0 2 3 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Education < College 92 0 0 1 2 10 30 90 121 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 95 0 1 2 5 10 20 40 121 121 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 55 0 0 0 2 10 20 40 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Northeast 124 0 0 1 3 10 15 30 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 112 0 0 2 3 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 149 0 0 1 2 5 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 94 0 0 1 2 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 284 0 0 1 3 10 15 30 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 195 0 0 1 2 10 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 142 0 0 0 2 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 115 0 1 2 3 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 137 0 0 2 3 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 85 1 1 1 3 10 20 40 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 443 0 0 1 2 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 35 0 0 3 3 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Angina No 461 0 0 1 2 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Angina Yes 15 2 2 2 2 10 15 60 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 461 0 0 1 2 10 20 45 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 16 3 3 3 5 12.5 37.5 106 121 121 121 121 121 Note: A value of" 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 51 Table 15 36. Number of Minutes Spent Working or Being Near Excessive Dust in the Air ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 679 0 2 5 7 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 341 1 2 5 8 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 338 0 2 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 22 0 0 0 2 5 75 121 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 50 0 0.5 2 4 15 75 121 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 52 0 1 2 5 5 20 120 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 513 2 5 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5:> 64 38 2 2 2 5 35 105.5 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race White 556 0 2 5 8 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Black 66 1 3 5 5 20 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Asian 7 20 20 20 20 60 90 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 15 5 5 5 10 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 29 3 3 5 7 20 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 611 0 2 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 57 0 3 3 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 368 2 5 7 15 37.5 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 66 0 2 5 5 20 120 121 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 122 0 2 5 8 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 52 2 5 5 7 35 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 199 0 0 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education < College 140 5 5 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 82 1 2 5 15 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 76 3 5 5 10 37.5 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Northeast 138 0 0 5 5 20 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 145 2 2 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 227 1 2 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 169 0 3 5 10 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 471 0 1 5 7 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 208 2 2 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 154 0 0 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 193 0 1 3 5 20 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 193 2 2 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 139 3 5 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 606 0 2 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 73 0 3 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Angina No 662 0 2 5 7 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Angina Yes 15 3 3 3 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 637 0 2 5 7 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 41 0 0 5 5 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Note: A valueof " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 52 August 1997 Table 15 37. Range of the Number of Times an Automobile or Motor Vehicle was Started in a Garage or Carport at Specified Daily Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Times/ day Total N 1 2 3 5 6 9 10+ Dk Overall 2009 1321 559 78 17 34 Gender Male 939 588 290 40 7 14 Female 1070 733 269 38 10 20 Age( years) * 20 13 2 1 1 3 1 4 111 68 39 2 2 * 5 11 150 93 49 6 * 2 12 17 145 86 42 12 1 4 18 64 1287 840 367 50 12 18 > 64 296 221 60 7 1 7 Race White 1763 1164 486 69 17 27 Black 110 70 31 4 * 5 Asian 46 34 10 2 * * Some Others 24 19 5 * * * Hispanic 55 26 24 3 * 2 Refused 11 8 3 * * * Hispanic No 1879 1239 519 74 17 30 Yes 111 68 35 4 * 4 DK 12 9 3 * * * Refused 7 5 2 * * * Employment * 398 241 127 20 3 7 Full Time 919 610 253 35 9 12 Part Time 149 93 48 4 2 2 Not Employed 536 372 129 19 3 13 Refused 7 5 2 * * * Education * 427 262 134 21 4 6 < High School 84 59 17 2 1 5 High School Graduate 464 336 107 13 2 6 < College 440 304 107 20 5 4 College Graduate 326 201 106 10 2 7 Post Graduate 268 159 88 12 3 6 Census Region Northeast 289 213 64 8 2 2 Midwest 541 360 142 29 2 8 South 702 430 221 27 8 16 West 477 318 132 14 5 8 Day of Week Weekday 1383 903 386 63 11 20 Weekend 626 418 173 15 6 14 Season Winter 567 396 136 20 5 10 Spring 518 336 141 25 5 11 Summer 525 313 178 18 6 10 Fall 399 276 104 15 1 3 Asthma No 1861 1228 514 70 17 32 Yes 146 92 44 8 * 2 DK 2 1 1 * * * Angina No 1959 1288 545 76 17 33 Yes 48 33 12 2 * 1 DK 2 * 2 * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1922 1266 532 74 17 33 Yes 84 54 25 4 * 1 DK 3 1 2 * * *

Note: "*" Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; Refused  the respondent refused to answer; N = doer sample size. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 53 Table 15 38. Range of the Number of Times Motor Vehicle Was Started with Garage Door Closed at Specified Daily Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Times/ day Total N None 1 2 3 5 6 9 Dk Overall 2009 1830 99 26 2 52 Gender Male 939 860 41 15 * 23 Female 1070 970 58 11 2 29 Age ( years) * 20 14 1 * * 5 1 4 111 99 8 2 * 2 5 11 150 141 6 * * 3 12 17 145 127 9 4 1 4 18 64 1287 1184 57 18 1 27 > 64 296 265 18 2 * 11 Race White 1763 1616 82 22 1 42 Black 110 95 6 2 1 6 Asian 46 41 4 * * 1 Some Others 24 21 2 * * 1 Hispanic 55 46 5 2 * 2 Refused 11 11 * * * * Hispanic No 1879 1714 92 23 2 48 Yes 111 97 7 3 * 4 DK 12 12 * * * * Refused 7 7 * * * * Employment * 398 360 22 5 1 10 Full Time 919 840 46 13 1 19 Part Time 149 137 6 2 * 4 Not Employed 536 488 24 5 * 19 Refused 7 5 1 1 * * Education * 427 387 23 6 1 10 < High School 84 74 2 1 * 7 High School Graduate 464 429 24 2 * 9 < College 440 399 24 8 1 8 College Graduate 326 299 12 6 * 9 Post Graduate 268 242 14 3 * 9 Census Region Northeast 289 270 10 5 1 3 Midwest 541 500 22 4 1 14 South 702 628 42 8 * 24 West 477 432 25 9 * 11 Day of Week Weekday 1383 1269 66 21 * 27 Weekend 626 561 33 5 2 25 Season Winter 567 509 32 9 1 16 Spring 518 470 29 3 * 16 Summer 525 476 23 11 * 15 Fall 399 375 15 3 1 5 Asthma No 1861 1696 92 23 1 49 Yes 146 132 7 3 1 3 DK 2 2 * * * * Angina No 1959 1785 96 26 2 50 Yes 48 43 3 * * 2 DK 2 2 * * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1922 1747 96 26 2 51 Yes 84 80 3 * * 1 DK 3 3 * * * *

Note: "*" Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondents answered don't know; N = doer sample size; Refused = the respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 54 August 1997 Table 15 39. Number of Minutes Spent at a Gas Station or Auto Repair Shop ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 967 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 30 90 121 121 121 Gender Male 552 2 2 3 4 5 7 10 30 120 121 121 121 Gender Female 414 0 1 2 3 5 5.5 10 15 30 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 29 0 0 0 0 5 5 10 20 60 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 42 2 2 2 3 5 5 10 15 15 120 120 120 Age ( years) 12 17 57 1 3 3 5 5 5 10 20 30 60 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 760 1 2 3 4 5 5.5 10 30 120 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 67 0 2 3 4 5 10 15 15 40 120 120 120 Race White 788 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 10 30 120 121 121 121 Race Black 95 0 1 2 3 5 5 10 15 15 20 120 120 Race Asian 13 2 2 2 2 5 5 10 10 10 10 10 10 Race Some Others 22 5 5 5 5 5 5 12 20 30 30 30 30 Race Hispanic 42 0 0 3 4 5 10 15 25 30 121 121 121 Hispanic No 875 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 30 120 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 82 0 2 2 3 5 8 10 20 35 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 542 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 30 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 107 2 3 4 5 5 10 10 30 120 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 186 1 1 3 4 5 10 10 20 40 120 120 121 Education < High School 70 0 2 3 4.5 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 293 1 2 3 5 5 8 15 30 121 121 121 121 Education < College 213 1 2 2 4 5 8 10 15 60 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 143 2 2 3 4 5 5 10 15 30 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 106 1 2 3 3 5 7 10 15 35 56 90 120 Census Region Northeast 167 1 2 3 5 5 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 246 0 2 2 3 5 8 10 30 120 121 121 121 Census Region South 348 0 1 3 4 5 6.5 10 20 45 120 121 121 Census Region West 206 2 2 3 4 5 8 10 20 70 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 634 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 30 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 333 1 1 3 4 5 5 10 15 30 120 121 121 Season Winter 236 1 1 3 4 5 6 10 20 60 121 121 121 Season Spring 232 2 2 3 5 5 7.5 15 30 120 121 121 121 Season Summer 282 0 2 3 4 5 10 10 30 120 121 121 121 Season Fall 217 1 2 2 3 5 5 10 15 35 121 121 121 Asthma No 892 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 25 90 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 74 0 2 2 3 5 5 10 30 120 121 121 121 Angina No 947 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 30 90 121 121 121 Angina Yes 17 3 3 3 4 10 10 15 15 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 920 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 25 60 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 45 2 2 2 3 5 5 15 120 120 121 121 121 Note: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 55 Table 15 40. Number of Minutes Spent at Home While the Windows Were Left Open ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 1960 2 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Gender Male 893 5 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Gender Female 1067 2 10 30 119 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Age ( years) 1 4 99 0 1 10 180 180 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Age ( years) 5 11 159 3 10 20 60 360 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Age ( years) 12 17 101 2 5 24 180 360 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Age ( years) 18 64 1282 6 16 60 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Age ( years) > 64 282 1 5 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Race White 1558 2 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Race Black 208 3 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Race Asian 47 10 10 16 180 360 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Race Some Others 44 1 1 60 90 180 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Race Hispanic 80 2 20 30 60 360 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Hispanic No 1775 2 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Hispanic Yes 156 20 20 30 180 180 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Employment Full Time 822 5 15 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Employment Part Time 190 1 7 30 60 180 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Employment Not Employed 576 5 10 60 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Education < High School 163 1 6 30 90 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Education High School Graduate 542 2 10 60 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Education < College 408 5 15 30 119 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Education College Graduate 247 15 15 60 100 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Education Post Graduate 216 10 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Census Region Northeast 498 3 10 30 119 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Census Region Midwest 390 5 10 60 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Census Region South 494 1 6 30 90 360 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Census Region West 578 2 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Day of Week Weekday 1285 3 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Day of Week Weekend 675 2 10 30 119 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Season Winter 308 1 2 10 24 180 360 961 961 961 961 961 961 Season Spring 661 10 20 60 180 360 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Season Summer 680 10 30 180 180 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 Season Fall 311 3 5 30 60 180 600 961 961 961 961 961 961 Asthma No 1809 2 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Asthma Yes 145 5 10 60 118 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Angina No 1902 3 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Angina Yes 49 1 1 24 30 180 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1850 2 10 30 180 360 840 961 961 961 961 961 961 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 100 5 15 35 180 480 961 961 961 961 961 961 961 Note: Values of " 180", " 360", " 600"," 840" and " 961" for number of minutes signify that 2 4 hours, 4 8 hours, 8 12 hours, 12 16 hours, and more than 16 hours, respectively, were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 56 August 1997 Table 15 41. Number of Minutes the Outside Door Was Left Open While at Home ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 1170 0 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Gender Male 505 0 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Gender Female 665 1 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Age ( years) 1 4 68 0 0 2 10 30 180 360 721 721 721 721 721 Age ( years) 5 11 109 0 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 600 721 721 721 Age ( years) 12 17 79 0 1 3 5 60 180 360 600 721 721 721 721 Age ( years) 18 64 718 1 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Age ( years) > 64 180 1 1 10 20 180 360 600 721 721 721 721 721 Race White 968 0 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Race Black 100 1 2.5 5.5 13 60 180 600 600 600 660.5 721 721 Race Asian 23 1 1 2 60 180 360 600 600 721 721 721 721 Race Some Others 22 1 1 1 15 30 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Race Hispanic 45 0 0 5 5 45 180 360 600 600 721 721 721 Hispanic No 1073 0 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Hispanic Yes 81 0 1 5 10 45 180 360 600 600 721 721 721 Employment Full Time 451 1 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Employment Part Time 93 0 3 5 15 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Employment Not Employed 362 1 1 5 10 60 360 600 600 721 721 721 721 Education < High School 96 1 1 2 11 75 360 600 600 721 721 721 721 Education High School Graduate 309 1 3 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Education < College 225 0 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Education College Graduate 150 0 0.5 1 15 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Education Post Graduate 124 2 2 3 5 30 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Census Region Northeast 223 1 2 5 10 90 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Census Region Midwest 221 0 0 2 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Census Region South 361 1 1 5 10 60 180 360 600 600 721 721 721 Census Region West 365 0 1 5 15 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Day of Week Weekday 732 0 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Day of Week Weekend 438 1 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Season Winter 184 0 0 2 3 10 60 180 600 600 600 600 600 Season Spring 407 1 1 5 20 180 360 600 600 721 721 721 721 Season Summer 385 0 2 10 30 180 360 600 721 721 721 721 721 Season Fall 194 1 1 2 10 30 180 360 600 600 600 600 600 Asthma No 1072 0 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Asthma Yes 97 1 1 3 6 30 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Angina No 1133 0 1 5 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Angina Yes 36 1 1 3 10 104.5 360 360 600 721 721 721 721 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 1105 0 1 3 10 60 180 600 600 721 721 721 721 Bronchitis/ emphysema Yes 63 5 5 10 10 90 180 600 600 600 721 721 721 Note: Values of " 180", " 360"," 600", and " 721" for number of minutes signify that 2 4 hours, 4 8 hours, 8 12 hours, and over 12 hours, respectively, were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 57 Table 15 42. Number of Times an Outside Door Was Opened in the Home at Specified Daily Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Times/ Day Total N 1 2 3 5 6 9 10 19 20+ DK Overall 1187 192 248 229 267 196 55 Gender Male 511 80 96 100 118 93 24 Female 676 112 152 129 149 103 31 Age ( years) * 19 6 3 2 3 1 4 1 4 68 13 14 8 17 13 3 5 11 109 15 16 18 31 23 6 12 17 79 11 17 17 13 17 4 18 64 730 112 145 156 171 123 23 > 64 182 35 53 28 32 19 15 Race White 979 155 193 188 233 168 42 Black 103 22 28 21 12 14 6 Asian 23 1 9 4 6 2 1 Some Others 22 3 4 2 7 4 2 Hispanic 46 8 11 10 8 8 1 Refused 14 3 3 4 1 * 3 Hispanic No 1086 179 227 208 244 180 48 Yes 83 11 17 16 20 15 4 DK 7 * 2 1 3 1 * Refused 11 2 2 4 * * 3 Employment * 255 40 46 43 60 53 13 Full Time 458 79 98 95 104 72 10 Part Time 95 14 20 19 22 18 2 Not Employed 369 58 81 69 80 52 29 Refused 10 1 3 3 1 1 1 Education * 267 42 48 46 63 54 14 < High School 98 21 17 15 18 20 7 High School Graduate 318 48 66 65 71 54 14 < College 228 44 52 37 49 34 12 College Graduate 150 21 37 39 31 19 3 Post Graduate 126 16 28 27 35 15 5 Census Region Northeast 228 37 38 49 53 38 13 Midwest 225 44 54 39 50 33 5 South 365 59 81 69 71 66 19 West 369 52 75 72 93 59 18 Day of Week Weekday 746 116 167 156 167 106 34 Weekend 441 76 81 73 100 90 21 Season Winter 185 19 51 39 42 27 7 Spring 417 73 94 66 90 73 21 Summer 387 72 68 81 80 66 20 Fall 198 28 35 43 55 30 7 Asthma No 1087 175 228 211 245 179 49 Yes 99 16 20 18 22 17 6 DK 1 1 * * * * * Angina No 1147 183 241 221 259 192 51 Yes 39 8 7 8 8 4 4 DK 1 1 * * * * * Bronchitis/ emphysema No 1121 179 230 216 258 186 52 Yes 64 12 18 12 9 10 3 DK 2 1 * 1 * * * Note: * Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; N = sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 58 August 1997 Table 15 43. Number of Minutes Spent Running, Walking, or Standing Alongside a Road with Heavy Traffic ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 401 0 1 2 2 5 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 202 1 1 2 3 5 17.5 45 120 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 198 0 0 1 2 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 12 1 1 1 2 4 7.5 30 60 60 60 60 60 Age ( years) 5 11 20 1 1 1.5 2 5 6 12.5 25 60 90 90 90 Age ( years) 12 17 27 0 0 2 2 4 5 30 60 90 120 120 120 Age ( years) 18 64 304 0 1 1 2 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 31 2 2 2 4 5 20 45 60 121 121 121 121 Race White 306 0 1 2 2 5 15 30 110 121 121 121 121 Race Black 51 0 0 1 1 3 7 30 50 60 60 121 121 Race Asian 10 3 3 3 4 5 7.5 15 17.5 20 20 20 20 Race Some Others 7 2 2 2 2 5 10 45 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 24 2 2 2 3 10 17.5 40 60 60 120 120 120 Hispanic No 356 0 1 1 2 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 43 1 1 2 2 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 214 0 1 1 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 50 0 0.5 2 2 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 76 0 1 2 3 5.5 15 30 60 110 120 121 121 Education < High School 18 4 4 4 5 6 10 15 30 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 106 1 1 2 2 5 15 60 121 121 121 121 121 Education < College 84 0 0 1 3 5.5 20 40 120 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 79 0 1 1 2 5 15 30 60 90 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 50 1 1 2 2 5 10 20 52.5 90 120 120 120 Census Region Northeast 129 1 1 2 2 5 20 50 120 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 83 0 0 1 2 5 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 105 0 0 1 2 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 84 1 2 2 3 5 15 30 60 120 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 303 0 0 2 2 5 15 30 60 120 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 98 1 1 2 3 5 15 30 121 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 104 0 0 1 2 4.5 10 20 60 110 121 121 121 Season Spring 114 1 1 2 2 6 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 104 0 1 2 2 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 79 0 1 2 3 5 20 35 120 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 370 0 1 2 2 5 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 31 0 0 1 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 Angina No 393 0 1 2 2 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 Angina Yes 8 2 2 2 2 6.5 17.5 30 60 60 60 60 60 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 378 0 1 1 2 5 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 22 2 2 5 5 5 17.5 30 121 121 121 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 59 Table 15 44. Number of Minutes Spent in a Car, Van, Truck, or Bus in Heavy Traffic ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 1197 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 534 1 2 4 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 663 1 2 5 5 10 25 60 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 33 4 4 5 5 10 15 30 60 60 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 63 1 2 5 5 10 20 45 60 120 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 52 3 3 4 5 9 12.5 27.5 90 120 120 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 889 1 2 5 5 10 25 60 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 139 3 3 5 5 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Race White 959 1 2 4 5 10 25 60 120 121 121 121 121 Race Black 133 2 3 5 5 10 20 40 90 120 121 121 121 Race Asian 20 5 5 5 5 11 20 30 45 52.5 60 60 60 Race Some Others 24 5 5 10 10 12.5 30 60 90 120 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 55 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 1097 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 95 1 2 5 5 10 20 90 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 659 1 2 5 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 108 2 2 4 5 10 20 48.5 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 279 1 2 5 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 81 0 3 5 10 10 20 40 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 352 1 2 5 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Education < College 276 1 2 3 5 15 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 176 1 2 4 5 12.5 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 150 2 2 5 5 10 20 60 97.5 120 121 121 121 Census Region Northeast 229 2 2 4 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 263 2 2 5 5 10 30 45 120 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 429 1 2 5 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 276 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 927 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 270 2 2 5 5 10 25 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 286 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 317 1 2 5 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 312 1 3 5 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 282 2 2 4 5 10 20 45 120 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 1108 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 89 2 2 5 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Angina No 1159 1 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Angina Yes 35 0 0 5 5 10 30 70 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 1130 2 2 5 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ emphysema Yes 64 1 1 2 5 10 27.5 51 120 121 121 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 60 August 1997 Table 15 45. Number of Minutes Spent in a Parking Garage or Indoor Parking Lot ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 294 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Gender Male 138 1 1 1 2 4 5 15 60 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 156 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 20 40 60 120 121 Age ( years) 1 4 8 0 0 0 0 2 3.5 5 10 10 10 10 10 Age ( years) 5 11 15 1 1 1 2 3 5 10 45 60 60 60 60 Age ( years) 12 17 20 0 0 0.5 1.5 2 7.5 15 45 90.5 121 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 229 1 1 2 2 5 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 18 0 0 0 2 3 5 15 45 90 90 90 90 Race White 208 1 1 2 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Race Black 34 0 0 1 1 5 5 15 20 30 30 30 30 Race Asian 15 2 2 2 2 2 10 60 120 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 7 3 3 3 3 3 5 15 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 28 1 1 1 2 4.5 10 20 60 120 121 121 121 Hispanic No 251 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 30 60 120 121 121 Hispanic Yes 39 1 1 1 3 5 10 30 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 171 1 1 1 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 23 2 2 5 5 5 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 58 0 1 1 2 4 10 20 40 120 121 121 121 Education < High School 13 0 0 0 5 5 10 10 30 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 58 1 1 1 2 3 9.5 30 90 121 121 121 121 Education < College 54 1 1 2 2 4 5 15 40 120 120 121 121 Education College Graduate 72 1 1 2 2 4.5 5 10 15 60 120 121 121 Education Post Graduate 50 1 1 2 2 5 5 10 12.5 20 40 60 60 Census Region Northeast 53 2 2 2 2 5 6 10 30 90 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 59 0 0 1 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Census Region South 92 1 1 2 2 3.5 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Census Region West 90 0 1 1 1.5 4 5 15 45 60 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 208 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 86 1 1 2 2 5 7 15 30 60 121 121 121 Season Winter 67 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 20 30 120 121 121 Season Spring 78 0 1 1 2 3 5.5 15 60 120 121 121 121 Season Summer 85 0 1 2 2 5 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 Season Fall 64 1 1 2 2 4.5 5 10 30 45 121 121 121 Asthma No 263 1 1 2 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 30 0 0 1 1 4 7 10 30 121 121 121 121 Angina No 291 0 1 1 2 4 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Angina Yes 2 3 3 3 3 3 46.5 90 90 90 90 90 90 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 281 0 1 1 2 3 5 10 30 60 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ emphysema Yes 12 2 2 2 5 5 5.5 10 60 120 120 120 120 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 61 Table 15 46. Number of Minutes Spent Walking Outside to a Car in the Driveway or Outside Parking Areas ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 3303 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 121 121 Gender Male 1511 0 0 0 0 2 4 10 20 30 60 121 121 Gender Female 1791 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 60 121 Age ( years) 1 4 132 0 0 0 0 1.5 2 5 15 20 30 60 121 Age ( years) 5 11 245 0 0 0 0 1 2 5 15 30 45 80 121 Age ( years) 12 17 202 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 20 30 30 60 121 Age ( years) 18 64 2303 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Age ( years) > 64 373 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 30 30 88 121 Race White 2756 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Race Black 279 0 0 0 0 1 3 5 10 20 30 45 88 Race Asian 53 0 0 0 0 1 3 10 15 30 32 45 45 Race Some Others 63 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 30 30 60 120 120 Race Hispanic 127 0 0 1 1 2 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 Hispanic No 3029 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Hispanic Yes 235 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 60 120 121 121 Employment Full Time 1613 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Employment Part Time 312 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 20 45 120 121 121 Employment Not Employed 785 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 60 121 Education < High School 241 0 0 0 0 2 4 10 20 30 110 121 121 Education High School Graduate 935 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 121 121 Education < College 680 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Education College Graduate 445 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 60 121 Education Post Graduate 381 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 25 30 120 121 Census Region Northeast 680 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 30 60 90 121 Census Region Midwest 763 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 30 60 120 121 Census Region South 1149 0 0 0 0 2 4 10 20 30 60 90 121 Census Region West 711 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Day of Week Weekday 2209 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Day of Week Weekend 1094 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Season Winter 855 0 0 0 0 1 4 10 15 30 30 100 121 Season Spring 890 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 100 120 121 Season Summer 903 0 0 0 0 2 4 10 20 30 60 60 121 Season Fall 655 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 30 45 110 121 Asthma No 3063 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Asthma Yes 234 0 0 0 1 2 5 10 15 30 120 121 121 Angina No 3219 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Angina Yes 72 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 15 30 45 110 110 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 3132 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 60 120 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 162 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 20 30 110 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 62 August 1997 Table 15 47. Number of Minutes Spent Running or Walking Outside Other Than to the Car ( minutes/ day)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 1273 1 1 3 5 15 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 605 2 2 5 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 668 0 1 2 5 15 30 116 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 82 3 3 5 10 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 21 Age ( yeaars) 5 11 149 4 5 5 10 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 21 Age ( years) 12 17 110 5 5 5 10 15 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 772 0 1 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5:> 64 143 1 1 2 5 15 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Race White 1051 1 1 3 5 15 45 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Black 111 0 1 3 5 15 35 120 121 121 121 121 121 Race Asian 21 2 2 10 10 15 30 70 120 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 23 5 5 10 15 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race 5: hispanic 55 2 3 8 10 20 40 90 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 1156 1 1 3 5 15 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 99 1 2 2 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 517 0 1 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 112 1 2 2 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 300 1 1 3 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 97 0 1 3 5 15 30 90 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 287 0 0 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Education < College 234 1 1 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 153 1 2 5 10 20 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 138 1 1 3 5 15 37.5 90 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Northeast 265 1 1 3 5 20 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 286 1 2 5 5 15 40 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 412 1 1 3 5 15 45 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 310 1 1 3 5.5 15 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 843 1 1 3 5 15 40 120 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 430 1 2 4 5 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 21 Season Winter 312 0 2 2 5 10 42.5 90 121 121 121 121 21 Season Spring 403 1 2 4 10 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 396 1 1 3 10 20 55 121 121 121 121 121 21 Season Fall 162 1 1 2 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 1162 1 1 3 5 15 45 120 121 121 121 121 21 Asthma Yes 105 2 4 5 6 15 45 121 121 121 121 121 21 Angina No 1240 1 1 3 5 15 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Angina Yes 25 1 1 5 5 15 45 121 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1204 1 1 3 5 15 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 62 1 2 4 5 15 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 63 Table 15 48. Number of Hours Spent Working for Pay ( hours/ week)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 4896 0 0 0 12 33 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Gender Male 2466 0 0 0 18 40 40 53 61 61 61 61 61 Gender Female 2430 0 0 0 6 28 40 43 55 60 61 61 61 Age ( years) 1 4 0 * * * * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) 5 11 0 * * * * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) 12 17 14 0 0 0 1 9 18.5 24 26 31 31 31 31 Age ( years) 18 64 4625 0 0 0 15 35 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Age ( years) > 64 181 0 0 0 0 5 21 40 50 61 61 61 61 Race White 3990 0 0 0 10 32 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Race Black 499 0 0 0 18 35 40 46 60 61 61 61 61 Race Asian 76 0 0 0 7 36.5 40 50 61 61 61 61 61 Race Some Others 87 0 0 0 0 30 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Race Hispanic 194 0 0 0 15 32 40 48 60 60 61 61 61 Hispanic No 4494 0 0 0 12 33 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Hispanic Yes 341 0 0 0 8 32 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Employment Full Time 4094 0 0 0 30 40 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Employment Part Time 802 0 0 0 0 10 20 30 38 40 61 61 61 Employment Not Employed 0 * * * * * * * * * * * *

Education < High School 308 0 0 0 1 21 40 48 61 61 61 61 61 Education High School Graduate 1598 0 0 0 12 32 40 48 60 61 61 61 61 Education < College 1251 0 0 0 15 30 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Education College Graduate 954 0 0 0 16 40 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Education Post Graduate 716 0 0 0 10 35 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Census Region Northeast 1096 0 0 0 14 32 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Census Region Midwest 1118 0 0 0 12 32 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Census Region South 1675 0 0 0 12 35 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Census Region West 1007 0 0 0 9 30 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekday 3306 0 0 0 10 33 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekend 1590 0 0 0 12 33 40 48 60 61 61 61 61 Season Winter 1306 0 0 0 10 32 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Season Spring 1197 0 0 0 15 35 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Season Summer 1343 0 0 0 3 33 40 48 60 61 61 61 61 Season Fall 1050 0 0 0 14.5 32 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Asthma No 4579 0 0 0 12 34 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Asthma Yes 302 0 0 0 9 30 40 48 60 61 61 61 61 Angina No 4811 0 0 0 12 34 40 50 60 61 61 61 61 Angina Yes 66 0 0 0 0 20 40 44 60 61 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4699 0 0 0 12 33 40 50 6 61 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 182 0 0 0 6 30 40 48 60 61 61 61 61 Note: * Signifies missing data. A value of " 61" for number of hours signifies that more than 60 hours were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of hours. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 64 August 1997 Table 15 49. Number of Hours Spent Working for Pay Between 6PM and 6AM ( hours/ week)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 4894 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 45 61 61 61 Gender Male 2465 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 35 50 61 61 61 Gender Female 2429 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 39 61 61 61 Age ( years) 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) 12 17 14 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 20 24 25 25 25 25 Age ( years) 18 64 4623 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 42 61 61 61 Age ( years) > 64 181 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 61 61 61 61 Race White 3989 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 25 40 61 61 61 Race Black 499 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 40 61 61 61 61 Race Asian 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 30 61 61 61 61 Race Some Others 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 25 45 61 61 61 Race Hispanic 194 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 35 48 61 61 61 Hispanic No 4492 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 27 40 61 61 61 Hispanic Yes 341 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 35 50 61 61 61 Employment Full Time 4092 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 45 61 61 61 Employment Part Time 802 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 20 35 61 61 61 Employment Not Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Education < High School 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 50 61 61 61 61 Education High School Graduate 1597 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 35 50 61 61 61 Education < College 1251 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 26 40 60 61 61 Education College Graduate 953 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 20 40 61 61 61 Education Post Graduate 716 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 20 30 61 61 61 Census Region Northeast 1096 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 24 40 61 61 61 Census Region Midwest 1118 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 42 61 61 61 Census Region South 1674 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 30 48 61 61 61 Census Region West 1006 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 47 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekday 3306 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 48 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekend 1588 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 28 40 61 61 61 Season Winter 1305 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 28 40 61 61 61 Season Spring 1197 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 48 61 61 61 Season Summer 1342 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 30 48 61 61 61 Season Fall 1050 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 25 40 61 61 61 Asthma No 4578 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 45 61 61 61 Asthma Yes 301 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 28 36 61 61 61 Angina No 4809 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 44 61 61 61 Angina Yes 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 36 40 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4697 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 43 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 182 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 40 50 61 61 61 Note: A Value of " 61" for number of hours signifies that more than 60 hours were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of hours. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 65 Table 15 50. Number of Hours Worked in a Week That Was Outdoors ( hours/ week)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 4891 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 50 61 61 61 Gender Male 2463 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 42 60 61 61 61 Gender Female 2428 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 55 61 61 Age ( years) 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) 5 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) 12 17 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) 18 64 4621 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 50 61 61 61 Age ( years) > 64 181 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 29 60 61 61 61 Race White 3986 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 30 50 61 61 61 Race Black 499 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 48 61 61 61 Race Asian 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 30 40 61 61 Race Some Others 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 17 40 48 61 61 Race Hispanic 194 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 30 50 61 61 61 Hispanic No 4489 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 48 61 61 61 Hispanic Yes 341 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 35 60 61 61 61 Employment Full Time 4090 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 35 50 61 61 61 Employment Part Time 801 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 30 61 61 61 Employment Not Employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Education < High School 308 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.5 55 61 61 61 61 Education High School Graduate 1594 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 40 60 61 61 61 Education < College 1251 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 46 61 61 61 Education College Graduate 953 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 35 50 61 61 Education Post Graduate 716 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 15 60 61 61 Census Region Northeast 1094 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 40 61 61 61 Census Region Midwest 1117 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 50 61 61 61 Census Region South 1674 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 32 55 61 61 61 Census Region West 1006 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 33 50 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekday 3305 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 32 50 61 61 61 Day of Week Weekend 1586 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 48 61 61 61 Season Winter 1305 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 50 61 61 61 Season Spring 1195 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 30 50 61 61 61 Season Summer 1341 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 36 50 61 61 61 Season Fall 1050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 45 61 61 61 Asthma No 4576 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 50 61 61 61 Asthma Yes 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 50 61 61 61 Angina No 4806 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 50 61 61 61 Angina Yes 66 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 35 50 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4694 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 50 61 61 61 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 182 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 30 60 61 61 61 NOTE: A value of " 61" for number of hours signifies that more than 60 hours were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of hours. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 66 August 1997 Table 15 51. Number of Times Floors Were Swept or Vacuumed at Specified Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Times Almost Every Day 3 5/ week 1 2/ week 1 2/ month < Often Never DK Overall 4663 921 1108 2178 373 48 10 25 Gender Male 2163 415 520 976 201 27 5 19 Female 2498 505 588 1201 172 21 5 6 Refused 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) * 84 16 11 41 12 3 0 1 1 4 263 96 74 88 4 0 0 1 5 11 348 115 107 120 6 0 0 0 12 17 326 82 83 144 15 2 0 0 18 64 2972 524 723 1420 252 34 6 13 > 64 670 88 110 365 84 9 4 10 Race White 3774 641 879 1868 324 36 8 18 Black 463 167 115 150 19 5 2 5 Asian 77 11 15 39 8 3 0 1 Some Others 96 26 29 32 8 1 0 0 Hispanic 193 68 61 55 7 2 0 0 Refused 60 8 9 34 7 1 0 1 Hispanic No 4244 799 988 2035 345 43 9 25 Yes 347 106 107 110 21 3 0 0 DK 26 8 3 11 2 1 1 0 Refused 46 8 10 22 5 1 0 0 Employment * 926 290 267 342 24 2 0 1 Full Time 2017 291 486 1018 184 27 2 9 Part Time 379 82 82 177 34 1 0 3 Not Employed 1309 256 263 626 127 18 8 11 Refused 32 2 10 15 4 0 0 1 Education * 1021 314 285 384 31 4 0 3 < High School 399 110 91 162 20 6 2 8 High School Graduate 1253 269 302 591 69 12 3 7 < College 895 130 223 438 93 8 2 1 College Graduate 650 64 132 346 93 9 3 3 Post Graduate 445 34 75 257 67 9 0 3 Census Region Northeast 1048 236 230 484 83 8 2 5 Midwest 1036 156 249 527 86 10 2 6 South 1601 376 403 707 93 11 2 9 West 978 153 226 460 111 19 4 5 Day of Week Weekday 3156 631 765 1458 248 33 5 16 Weekend 1507 290 343 720 125 15 5 9 Season Winter 1264 268 309 557 105 15 2 8 Spring 1181 217 286 560 96 12 3 7 Summer 1275 251 312 596 94 13 1 8 Fall 943 185 201 465 78 8 4 2 Asthma No 4287 821 1013 2030 351 39 10 23 Yes 341 95 88 133 17 7 0 1 DK 35 5 7 15 5 2 0 1 Angina No 4500 892 1080 2098 352 44 10 24 Yes 125 21 23 63 16 2 0 0 DK 38 8 5 17 5 2 0 1 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 4424 871 1064 2063 349 44 9 24 Yes 203 45 39 99 17 2 1 0 DK 36 5 5 16 7 2 0 1 Note: * Signifies missing data; DK = respondent answered don't know; N = sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 67 Table 15 52. Number of Days Since the Floor Area in the Home Was Swept or Vacuumed by the Number of Respondents Number of Days since That Area Was Swept vacuumed Total 0 Vacuumed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 14 Weeks Dk N Yes'day Swept > 2 Overall 9386 8112 550 278 189 85 63 31 17 26 2 1 5 16 11 Gender Male 4294 3688 245 136 100 35 37 19 8 10 1 0 3 7 5 Female 5088 4421 304 142 89 50 26 12 9 16 1 1 2 9 6 Refused 4 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Age ( years) * 187 180 1 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 499 67 199 93 54 24 19 17 9 7 0 1 2 6 1 5 11 703 393 121 70 50 23 22 8 2 4 1 0 2 2 5 12 17 589 533 30 12 6 3 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 18 64 6059 5592 198 102 76 34 22 6 5 13 1 0 1 5 4 > 64 1349 1347 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Race White 7591 6586 398 232 152 72 55 29 14 24 2 1 5 13 8 Black 945 825 72 18 17 7 3 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Asian 157 138 5 6 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Some Others 182 141 21 7 9 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Hispanic 385 300 52 15 9 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 Refused 126 122 2 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hispanic No 8534 7421 460 248 170 80 57 29 15 24 2 1 5 14 8 Yes 702 549 88 29 17 5 4 2 2 2 0 0 0 1 3 Dk 47 42 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Refused 103 100 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Employment * 1773 974 349 175 112 50 41 25 12 13 1 1 4 9 7 Full Time 4096 3826 96 64 50 21 18 6 4 6 1 0 0 4 0 Part Time 802 741 28 10 8 6 2 0 0 4 0 0 1 1 1 Not Employed 2644 2502 77 29 18 8 2 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 3 Refused 71 69 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Education * 1968 1162 353 175 114 50 41 25 12 13 1 1 4 10 7 < High School 834 793 24 13 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 High School Graduate 2612 2447 76 39 26 9 7 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 2 < College 1801 1681 55 25 18 10 6 0 1 3 0 0 0 2 0 College Graduate 1247 1155 28 19 17 10 5 3 1 7 0 0 0 1 1 Post Graduate 924 874 14 7 12 5 4 2 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 Census Region Northeast 2075 1793 129 65 35 18 4 9 9 6 0 0 0 5 2 Midwest 2102 1826 108 59 47 21 17 7 2 6 2 1 2 2 2 South 3243 2805 193 87 75 26 27 8 3 8 0 0 2 5 4 West 1966 1688 120 67 32 20 15 7 3 6 0 0 1 4 3 Day of Week Weekday 6316 5487 366 160 125 57 51 18 13 15 2 1 4 11 6 Weekend 3070 2625 184 118 64 28 12 13 4 11 0 0 1 5 5 Season Winter 2524 2144 162 79 61 27 17 7 3 13 0 0 1 5 5 Spring 2438 2112 121 90 48 19 19 9 7 4 0 0 2 5 2 Summer 2536 2187 167 68 41 26 19 12 3 3 0 1 2 4 3 Fall 1888 1669 100 41 39 13 8 3 4 6 2 0 0 2 1 Asthma No 8629 7455 502 262 171 80 59 30 13 22 2 1 5 16 11 Yes 694 596 48 15 17 5 4 1 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 Dk 63 61 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Angina No 9061 7793 547 277 189 83 63 31 17 26 2 1 5 16 11 Yes 250 246 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dk 75 73 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 8882 7645 536 268 182 84 61 31 17 25 2 1 5 15 10 Yes 433 397 13 10 7 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 Dk 71 70 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note: * Signifies missing data; DK = respondents answered don't know; N= sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 68 August 1997 Table 15 53. Number of Loads of Laundry Washed in a Washing Machine at Home by the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Loads/ Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > 10 DK Overall 1762 582 604 303 123 55 27 11 12 1 5 1 38 Gender Male 678 219 241 120 41 17 8 * * 1 1 * 30 Female 1083 363 363 183 82 38 19 10 12 * 4 1 8 Refused 1 * * * * * * 1 * * * * * Age ( years) * 30 9 14 2 3 1 * * * * * * 1 1 4 109 29 36 24 12 5 2 * * * 1 * * 5 11 141 38 55 28 8 6 2 1 * 1 1 * 1 12 17 127 39 52 22 10 1 1 * 1 * * * 1 18 64 1161 385 376 209 80 35 22 9 11 * 3 1 30 > 64 194 82 71 18 10 7 * 1 * * * * 5 Race White 1511 513 519 254 101 48 23 11 12 1 3 * 26 Black 112 27 41 23 11 4 1 * * * 1 * 4 Asian 22 7 4 3 5 * * * * * * * 3 Some Others 31 8 12 5 1 1 1 * * * * * 3 Hispanic 68 18 24 15 5 2 2 * * * 1 * 1 Refused 18 9 4 3 * * * * * * * 1 1 Hispanic No 1615 536 556 271 115 50 24 11 12 1 4 * 35 Yes 126 38 42 26 8 5 3 * * * 1 * 3 DK 6 * 2 4 * * * * * * * * * Refused 15 8 4 2 * * * * * * * 1 * Employment * 369 102 143 71 29 12 5 1 1 1 2 * 2 Full Time 734 259 244 128 42 20 10 5 4 * 2 * 20 Part Time 160 58 53 23 10 8 3 * 1 * * * 4 Not Employed 482 158 158 79 41 15 8 5 6 * 1 1 10 Refused 17 5 6 2 1 * 1 * * * * * 2 Education * 413 118 160 77 32 12 6 1 1 1 2 * 3 < High School 133 44 44 22 10 4 3 2 * * * * 4 High School Graduate 508 175 166 85 35 18 8 3 4 * * * 14 < College 321 105 101 61 25 9 3 2 5 * 2 1 7 College Graduate 212 83 68 32 11 8 4 * 1 * * * 5 Post Graduate 175 57 65 26 10 4 3 3 1 * 1 * 5 Census Region Northeast 367 111 146 57 23 13 7 2 1 * * * 7 Midwest 406 125 123 76 42 14 5 3 6 1 * 1 10 South 628 205 228 110 39 17 6 6 4 * 3 * 10 West 361 141 107 60 19 11 9 * 1 * 2 * 11 Day of Week Weekday 1172 418 409 194 62 29 17 7 7 1 1 1 26 Weekend 590 164 195 109 61 26 10 4 5 * 4 * 12 Season Winter 458 154 159 73 31 14 6 3 4 1 3 1 9 Spring 465 154 159 87 28 10 10 3 2 * 1 * 11 Summer 482 158 166 85 38 11 8 4 3 * 1 * 8 Fall 357 116 120 58 26 20 3 1 3 * * * 10 Asthma No 1615 548 545 274 105 50 27 11 12 1 5 1 36 Yes 140 31 56 28 18 5 * * * * * * 2 DK 7 3 3 1 * * * * * * * * * Angina No 1710 564 592 294 113 54 26 11 12 1 5 1 37 Yes 40 14 9 7 8 1 1 * * * * * * DK 12 4 3 2 2 * * * * * * * 1 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 1658 544 572 285 112 53 26 10 12 1 5 1 37 Yes 96 36 28 16 11 2 1 1 * * * * 1 DK 8 2 4 2 * * * * * * * * * Note: * Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; N= sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 69 Table 15 54. Number of Times Using a Dishwasher at Specified Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Times/ Week * Almost Every Day 3 5/ Week 1 2/ Week < 1 2/ Week DK Overall 2635 1 557 678 529 824 46 Gender Male 1235 * 259 282 247 417 30 Female 1399 1 298 396 282 406 16 Refused 1 * * * * 1 * Age ( years) * 35 * 4 13 11 6 1 1 4 145 * 9 4 3 118 11 5 11 211 * 14 8 15 157 17 12 17 206 * 27 33 31 113 2 18 64 1718 * 438 512 397 360 11 > 64 320 1 65 108 72 70 4 Race White 2267 1 504 603 487 637 35 Black 163 * 19 32 19 90 3 Asian 54 * 7 8 7 31 1 Some Others 45 * 9 8 1 24 3 Hispanic 84 * 13 15 12 40 4 Refused 22 * 5 12 3 2 * Hispanic No 2444 1 524 635 504 739 41 Yes 164 * 27 32 21 79 5 DK 11 * 2 2 2 5 * Refused 16 * 4 9 2 1 * Employment * 552 * 49 45 46 382 30 Full Time 1191 * 276 359 298 249 9 Part Time 204 * 48 70 46 38 2 Not Employed 678 1 181 200 136 155 5 Refused 10 * 3 4 3 * * Education * 593 * 55 51 55 400 32 < High School 124 1 29 27 26 41 * High School Graduate 582 * 153 173 114 132 10 < College 560 * 144 181 117 117 1 College Graduate 446 * 105 134 126 80 1 Post Graduate 330 * 71 112 91 54 2 Census Region Northeast 538 * 133 144 95 159 7 Midwest 514 * 116 130 110 152 6 South 953 * 200 251 169 312 21 West 630 1 108 153 155 201 12 Day of Week Weekday 1768 1 378 466 341 549 33 Weekend 867 * 179 212 188 275 13 Season Winter 711 * 144 175 149 223 20 Spring 664 1 122 181 132 214 14 Summer 721 * 157 185 134 239 6 Fall 539 * 134 137 114 148 6 Asthma No 2439 1 521 622 492 765 38 Yes 189 * 35 54 35 58 7 DK 7 * 1 2 2 1 1 Angina No 2570 1 538 664 512 809 46 Yes 60 * 19 11 16 14 * DK 5 * * 3 1 1 * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2533 1 540 646 504 796 46 Yes 93 * 16 27 23 27 * DK 9 * 1 5 2 1 * Note: * Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; N= sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 70 August 1997 Table 15 55. Number of Times Washing Dishes by Hand at Specified Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Total N Number of Times/ Week * Almost Every Day 3 5/ Week 1 2/ Week < 1 2/ Week DK Overall 3626 1 2600 490 326 197 12 Gender Male 1554 * 982 264 183 117 8 Female 2071 1 1618 225 143 80 4 Refused 1 * * 1 * * * Age ( years) * 65 * 51 6 2 6 * 1 4 1 * * * 1 * * 5 11 103 * 12 14 33 44 * 12 17 228 * 57 45 69 56 1 18 64 2642 1 1979 379 201 76 6 > 64 587 * 501 46 20 15 5 Race White 2928 1 2114 391 257 157 8 Black 385 * 261 61 40 21 2 Asian 61 * 48 6 3 4 * Some Others 67 * 44 9 9 5 * Hispanic 147 * 108 17 12 8 2 Refused 38 * 25 6 5 2 * Hispanic No 3322 1 2383 454 296 178 10 Yes 258 * 185 32 25 14 2 DK 21 * 16 * 3 2 * Refused 25 * 16 4 2 3 * Employment * 328 * 71 57 102 97 1 Full Time 1765 * 1282 284 145 50 4 Part Time 349 * 270 44 17 15 3 Not Employed 1165 1 965 104 60 31 4 Refused 19 * 12 1 2 4 * Education * 386 * 101 65 107 112 1 < High School 354 * 298 26 15 12 3 High School Graduate 1106 1 856 140 74 30 5 < College 796 * 606 116 57 16 1 College Graduate 591 * 445 86 47 13 * Post Graduate 393 * 294 57 26 14 2 Census Region Northeast 832 * 636 90 60 43 3 Midwest 811 * 569 114 81 45 2 South 1214 1 840 175 124 70 4 West 769 * 555 111 61 39 3 Day of Week Weekday 2474 * 1759 335 236 136 8 Weekend 1152 1 841 155 90 61 4 Season Winter 985 * 691 138 90 63 3 Spring 902 1 648 117 85 46 5 Summer 987 * 705 132 92 55 3 Fall 752 * 556 103 59 33 1 Asthma No 3345 1 2407 455 290 183 9 Yes 263 * 179 33 34 14 3 DK 18 * 14 2 2 * * Angina No 3501 * 2499 475 321 194 12 Yes 105 1 86 11 5 2 * DK 20 * 15 4 * 1 * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 3438 1 2459 460 314 192 12 Yes 169 * 126 27 11 5 * DK 19 * 15 3 1 * * Note: * Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; N= sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 71 Table 15 56. Number of Times for Washing Clothes in a Washing Machine at Specified Frequencies by the Number of Respondents Number of Times/ Week Total N * Almost Every Day 3 5 / Day 1 2/ week < 1/ week Never DK Overall 4663 404 566 1033 1827 331 465 37 Gender Male 2163 212 211 458 811 154 300 17 Female 2498 191 355 575 1015 177 165 20 Refused 2 1 * * 1 * * * Age ( years) * 84 3 6 11 47 3 2 12 1 4 263 261 * * * * 1 1 5 11 348 101 2 4 16 15 206 4 12 17 326 1 22 29 83 67 124 * 18 64 2972 31 489 832 1328 197 83 12 > 64 670 7 47 157 353 49 49 8 Race White 3774 316 499 883 1445 246 370 15 Black 463 39 33 72 207 52 55 5 Asian 77 4 1 12 39 13 8 * Some Others 96 16 10 15 36 8 11 * Hispanic 193 29 19 41 77 10 17 * Refused 60 * 4 10 23 2 4 17 Hispanic No 4244 342 528 950 1674 307 424 19 Yes 347 59 31 69 130 20 38 * DK 26 2 3 6 10 3 2 * Refused 46 1 4 8 13 1 1 18 Employment * 926 366 23 32 97 76 327 5 Full Time 2017 21 305 569 929 119 66 8 Part Time 379 6 64 101 166 29 13 * Not Employed 1309 10 170 326 628 105 58 12 Refused 32 1 4 5 7 2 1 12 Education * 1021 367 33 37 129 89 343 23 < High School 399 3 61 88 178 40 27 2 High School Graduate 1253 14 218 367 548 55 47 4 < College 895 3 126 261 432 51 19 3 College Graduate 650 12 78 171 321 57 9 2 Post Graduate 445 5 50 109 219 39 20 3 Census Region Northeast 1048 84 119 216 454 81 87 7 Midwest 1036 88 108 229 408 78 121 4 South 1601 147 229 376 557 97 182 13 West 978 85 110 212 408 75 75 13 Day of Week Weekday 3156 257 407 697 1217 232 320 26 Weekend 1507 147 159 336 610 99 145 11 Season Winter 1264 121 157 273 472 101 129 11 Spring 1181 122 135 259 464 82 113 6 Summer 1275 102 163 280 484 88 142 16 Fall 943 59 111 221 407 60 81 4 Asthma No 4287 371 522 951 1700 303 421 19 Yes 341 32 42 79 118 26 43 1 DK 35 1 2 3 9 2 1 17 Angina No 4500 403 555 993 1759 321 451 18 Yes 125 * 8 37 58 7 13 2 DK 38 1 3 3 10 3 1 17 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 4424 397 549 979 1724 315 441 19 Yes 203 7 15 51 92 14 23 1 DK 36 * 2 3 11 2 1 17 Note: * Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; N= sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 72 August 1997 Table 15 57. Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Sand or Gravel in a Day by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Day Total N ** 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 70 80 80 90 90 100 110 120 121 Overall 700 41 348 42 34 57 4 12 66 2 9 2 27 56 Gender Male 352 18 189 20 13 25 * 7 32 * 7 1 10 30 Female 347 23 158 22 21 32 4 5 34 2 2 1 17 26 Refusedused 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) * 3 1 * * 1 * * * * * * * * 1 1 4 216 13 115 15 9 15 2 3 15 1 5 * 7 16 5 11 200 7 96 11 12 14 * 5 25 1 2 1 6 20 12 17 41 1 23 1 2 4 * * 3 * * 1 3 3 18 64 237 18 112 15 10 24 2 4 23 * 2 * 11 16 > 64 3 1 2 * * * * * * * * * * *

Race White 568 34 274 37 30 49 2 9 57 1 8 2 21 44 Black 68 4 42 5 3 2 * 1 4 * * * 3 4 Asian 5 * 2 * * 1 * * 1 * * * * 1 Some Others 16 2 9 * * * 2 * 1 * * * * 3 Hispanic 41 * 19 * 1 5 * 2 3 1 1 * 3 4 Refused 2 2 * * * * * * * * * * *

Hispanic No 619 36 309 41 29 49 4 10 59 1 7 2 23 49 Yes 77 5 36 1 4 8 * 2 7 1 2 * 4 7 DK 3 * 2 * 1 * * * * * * * * * Refused 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * *

Employment * 461 22 234 27 24 33 2 8 43 2 7 2 16 41 Full Time 149 9 73 7 7 16 1 3 17 * 2 * 6 8 Part Time 29 2 10 4 1 2 1 * 4 * * * 2 3 Not Employed 60 7 31 4 2 6 * 1 2 * * * 3 4 Refused 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * *

Education * 461 22 234 27 24 33 2 8 43 2 7 2 16 41 < High School 22 5 9 * * 3 * * 1 * * * 2 2 High School Graduate 73 4 39 4 1 8 1 * 6 * 1 * 2 7 < College 66 2 34 6 2 6 * 2 6 * * * 4 4 College Graduate 54 4 26 3 3 6 1 2 7 * * * * 2 Post Graduate 24 4 6 2 4 1 * * 3 * 1 * 3 *

Census Region Northeast 124 8 60 8 5 7 * 4 16 * 1 * 6 9 Midwest 128 6 69 8 6 14 * 2 11 * 2 * 3 7 South 273 17 133 18 12 25 3 3 30 * 3 2 6 21 West 175 10 86 8 11 11 1 3 9 2 3 * 12 19 Day of Week Weekday 445 35 216 27 22 40 3 10 37 2 6 2 17 28 Weekend 255 6 132 15 12 17 1 2 29 * 3 * 10 28 Season Winter 107 10 44 9 6 11 1 2 8 2 1 * 4 9 Spring 240 8 113 21 14 22 1 3 25 * 2 * 12 19 Summer 262 12 146 5 9 20 2 5 25 * 5 2 9 22 Fall 91 11 45 7 5 4 * 2 8 * 1 * 2 6 Asthma No 638 38 319 39 34 51 4 10 57 2 9 2 22 51 Yes 61 3 28 3 * 6 * 2 9 * * * 5 5 DK 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * *

Angina No 699 40 348 42 34 57 4 12 66 2 9 2 27 56 DK 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * *

Bronchitis/ Emphyseme No 679 41 339 41 34 54 4 12 62 2 9 2 26 53 Yes 21 * 9 1 * 3 * * 4 * * * 1 3 Note: "*" = Signifies missing data. " DK" = Don't know. Refused = refused to answer. N = Doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 73 Table 15 58. Number of Minutes Spent Playing in Sand or Gravel ( minutes/ day)

Percentiles Category Population Group N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 659 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 334 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 324 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 203 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 193 0 0 0 0 0 3 60 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 219 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Race White 534 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 120 121 121 121 121 Race Black 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 120 121 121 121 121 Race Asian 5 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 39 0 0 0 0 0 15 60 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 583 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 72 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 60 120 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 105 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 27 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 121 121 121 121 121 Education < College 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.5 120 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 60 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 20 0 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 120 120 120 120 Census Region Northeast 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 120 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 256 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 120 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 249 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 121 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 97 0 0 0 0 0 5 45 120 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 232 0 0 0 0 0 1 52.5 120 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 120 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 105 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 58 0 0 0 0 0 3 60 120 121 121 121 121 Angina No 659 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Bronch/ emphys No 638 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 120 121 121 121 121 Bronch/ emphys Yes 21 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 74 August 1997 Table 15 59. Number of Minutes Spent Playing in Outdoors on Sand, Gravel, Dirt, or Grass When Fill Dirt Was Present by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Day Total N ** 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 70 80 80 90 110 120 121 Overall 700 53 380 51 29 48 1 6 60 7 1 21 43 Gender Male 352 26 183 22 18 33 * 3 24 5 1 16 21 Female 347 27 196 29 11 15 1 3 36 2 * 5 22 Refused 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * Age ( years) * 3 * * 1 * * * * 1 * * * 1 1 4 216 11 118 14 10 13 1 4 18 4 * 7 16 5 11 200 15 103 14 8 15 * 1 17 1 * 9 17 12 17 41 3 19 3 2 7 * * 4 1 * 2 * 18 64 237 23 138 19 9 13 * 1 20 1 1 3 9 > 64 3 1 2 * * * * * * * * * * Race White 568 40 317 40 21 38 * 5 48 5 1 15 38 Black 68 8 33 5 2 6 * 1 7 1 * 3 2 Asian 5 * 2 * * 2 * * * * * * 1 Some Others 16 * 10 1 2 1 1 * 1 * * * * Hispanic 41 5 17 5 4 * * * 4 1 * 3 2 Refused 2 * 1 * * 1 * * * * * * * Hispanic No 619 45 345 42 21 44 1 6 54 5 1 17 38 Yes 77 8 32 9 8 3 * * 6 2 * 4 5 DK 3 * 3 * * * * * * * * * * Refused 1 * * * * 1 * * * * * * * Employment * 461 29 240 32 20 35 1 5 40 6 * 18 35 Full Time 149 11 91 8 8 8 * 1 12 1 1 3 5 Part Time 29 4 17 3 * 2 * * 2 * * * 1 Not Employed 60 8 32 8 1 3 * * 6 * * * 2 Refused 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * Education * 461 29 240 32 20 35 1 5 40 6 * 18 35 < High School 22 5 9 * * 3 * * 2 * * 1 2 High School Graduate 73 6 44 7 2 3 * * 7 1 1 1 1 < College 66 4 38 7 3 3 * 1 7 * * * 3 College Graduate 54 3 35 3 4 4 * * 3 * * * 2 Post Graduate 24 6 14 2 * * * * 1 * * 1 * Census Region Northeast 124 6 70 13 3 5 * * 18 1 * 2 6 Midwest 128 12 77 6 7 10 * 1 7 2 * 2 4 South 273 23 153 17 12 20 * 3 17 4 * 11 13 West 175 12 80 15 7 13 1 2 18 * 1 6 20 Day of Week Weekday 445 39 235 34 21 34 1 2 38 6 1 10 24 Weekend 255 14 145 17 8 14 * 4 22 1 * 11 19 Season Winter 107 14 51 6 6 5 * 2 7 2 * 2 12 Spring 240 10 134 17 10 20 1 2 21 2 * 10 13 Summer 262 17 143 19 12 19 * 1 25 2 1 8 15 Fall 91 12 52 9 1 4 * 1 7 1 * 1 3 Asthma No 638 48 354 47 25 41 1 5 50 7 1 19 40 Yes 61 5 25 4 4 7 * 1 10 * * 2 3 DK 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * Anngina No 699 53 380 51 29 48 1 6 60 6 1 21 43 DK 1 * * * * * * * * 1 * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 679 52 368 51 28 46 1 5 57 7 1 21 42 Yes 21 1 12 * 1 2 * 1 3 * * * 1 Note: "*" Signifies missing data. " DK" k = Respondents answered don't know. Refused = Respondents refused to answer. N = Doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 75 Table 15 60. Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Sand, Gravel, Dirt, or Grass When Fill Dirt Was Present ( minutes/ day)

Percentiles Category Population Group N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 647 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 100 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 326 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 38 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 30 60 120 120 120 120 Age ( years) 18 64 214 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Race White 528 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Race Black 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 74 120 121 121 121 Race Asian 5 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 121 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 40 60 60 60 60 Race Hispanic 36 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 120 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 574 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 90 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 69 0 0 0 0 0 1 30 120 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 138 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 60 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 60 121 121 121 Education < High School 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 88 120 121 121 Education < College 62 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 60 60 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 30 60 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 120 120 120 120 Census Region Northeast 118 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 116 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 60 120 121 121 121 Census Region South 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 90 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 163 0 0 0 0 0 1 60 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 406 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 88 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 241 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 93 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 121 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 105 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 90 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 79 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 120 121 121 121 Asthma No 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 110 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 56 0 0 0 0 0 10 60 60 121 121 121 121 Angina No 646 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 100 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 627 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 120 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 37.5 60 90.5 121 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 76 August 1997 Table 15 61. Range of the Time Spent Working in a Garden or Other Circumstances in a Month by the Number of Respondents Hours/ Month Total ** 0 0 0 24 24 48 48 72 72 96 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 264 288 312 N 120 144 168 192 216 240 264 288 312 336 Overall 4663 91 2928 1312 145 81 28 23 1 10 5 12 8 3 1 1 14 Gender Male 2163 38 1309 628 77 41 16 9 1 8 4 10 8 2 1 * 11 Female 2498 53 1618 683 68 40 12 14 * 2 1 2 * 1 * 1 3 Refused 2 * 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Age ( years) * 84 11 51 17 * 2 2 1 * * * * * * * * * 1 4 263 7 189 55 4 3 2 2 * 1 * * * * * * * 5 11 348 7 225 100 9 4 * * * * 1 * * * 1 * 1 12 17 326 5 236 75 6 1 * 1 * * 1 1 * * * * * 18 64 2972 37 1813 900 97 52 16 16 1 7 1 8 8 3 * * 13 > 64 670 24 414 165 29 19 8 3 * 2 2 3 * * * 1 * Race White 3774 59 2303 1128 127 69 22 21 1 7 4 11 7 3 1 1 10 Black 463 9 351 77 9 8 3 * * 2 1 * 1 * * * 2 Asian 77 1 50 25 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * Some Others 96 2 64 23 2 2 1 * * 1 * 1 * * * * * Hispanic 193 6 126 50 5 1 2 1 * * * * * * * * 2 Refused 60 14 34 9 1 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * Hispanic No 4244 65 2669 1206 135 73 25 20 1 8 5 12 8 3 1 1 12 Yes 347 11 218 94 9 6 3 3 * 1 * * * * * * 2 DK 26 1 18 5 * 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * Refused 46 14 23 7 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * Employment * 926 19 638 230 20 8 2 3 * 1 2 1 * * 1 * 1 Full Time 2017 18 1235 600 68 35 12 9 1 7 1 10 8 2 * * 11 Part Time 379 4 234 120 9 3 2 4 * 2 * * * * * * 1 Not Employed 1309 39 808 354 48 35 12 7 * * 2 1 * 1 * 1 1 Refused 32 11 13 8 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Education * 1021 34 699 246 22 8 3 3 * 1 2 1 * * 1 * 1 < High School 399 18 263 86 11 9 4 4 * 1 * 1 * * * * 2 High School 1253 25 770 355 41 22 9 7 * 5 2 8 4 * * 1 4 Graduate 895 11 545 265 33 18 6 3 * 1 * 2 4 3 * * 4 < College 650 1 406 200 19 12 3 5 * 1 1 * * * * * 2 College Graduate 445 2 245 160 19 12 3 1 1 1 * * * * * * 1 Post Graduate Census Region Northeast 1048 17 714 259 24 12 4 8 * 3 * 2 1 * 1 * 3 Midwest 1036 23 687 273 19 18 5 3 * * * 3 * 3 * * 2 South 1601 35 989 446 64 26 11 7 1 4 4 3 6 * * 1 4 West 978 16 538 334 38 25 8 5 * 3 1 4 1 * * * 5 Day of Week Weekday 3156 62 1982 890 96 54 18 15 1 8 3 6 7 2 * 1 11 Weekend 1507 29 946 422 49 27 10 8 * 2 2 6 1 1 1 * 3 Season Winter 1264 9 1038 171 20 9 5 3 * 2 2 2 * * * 1 2 Spring 1181 29 614 434 50 20 8 7 * 4 1 4 5 2 * * 3 Summer 1275 39 690 421 56 33 12 9 1 2 1 3 3 1 * * 4 Fall 943 14 586 286 19 19 3 4 * 2 1 3 * * 1 * 5 Asthma No 4287 70 2697 1206 135 77 27 23 1 10 5 12 6 3 1 1 13 Yes 341 6 216 101 10 4 1 * * * * * 2 * * * 1 DK 35 15 15 5 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Angina No 4500 74 2825 1277 143 77 28 21 1 10 5 12 8 3 1 1 14 Yes 125 4 86 29 1 3 * 2 * * * * * * * * * DK 38 13 17 6 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * Bronchitis/ emphysema No 4424 72 2766 1265 140 77 27 22 1 10 5 12 8 3 1 1 14 Yes 203 5 146 43 5 2 1 1 * * * * * * * * * DK 36 14 16 4 * 2 * * * * * * * * * * * Note: * Signifies missing data. DK = respondents answered don't know. Refused = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 77 Table 15 62. Number of Hours Spent Working with Soil in a Garden or Other Circumstances Working ( hours/ month)

Category Population Group Percentiles N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 4572 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 88 160 320 Gender Male 2125 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 20 50 150 230 320 Gender Female 2445 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 30 60 90 320 Age ( years) 1 4 256 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 20 60 120 150 Age ( years) 5 11 341 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 20 50 60 320 Age ( years) 12 17 321 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 10 40 60 200 Age ( years) 18 64 2935 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 16 40 90 200 320 Age ( years) > 64 646 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 25 60 90 160 300 Race White 3715 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 16 40 88 160 320 Race Black 454 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 30 60 160 320 Race Asian 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 6 15 24 40 40 Race Some Others 94 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 60 150 200 200 Race Hispanic 187 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 25 90 320 320 Hispanic No 4179 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 80 180 320 Hispanic Yes 336 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 32 90 120 320 Employment Full Time 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20 45 144 240 320 Employment Part Time 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 12 32 90 120 320 Employment Not Employed 1270 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 20 45 64 100 320 Education < High School 381 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 16 60 120 160 320 Education High School Grad 1228 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 20 50 120 200 320 Education < College 884 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 20 40 90 240 320 Education College Grad. 649 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 16 40 70 100 320 Education Post Grad. 443 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 40 61 90 320 Census Region Northeast 1031 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 30 90 120 320 Census Region Midwest 1013 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 30 60 120 320 Census Region South 1566 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 18 40 90 180 320 Census Region West 962 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 50 90 200 320 Day of Week Weekday 3094 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 80 160 320 Day of Week Weekend 1478 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 90 150 320 Season Winter 1255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 12 50 90 320 Season Spring 1152 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 45 110 200 320 Season Summer 1236 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 25 50 96 160 320 Season Fall 929 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 30 88 180 320 Asthma No 4217 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 90 160 320 Asthma Yes 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 12 30 60 80 320 Angina No 4426 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 88 160 320 Angina Yes 121 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 24 60 110 120 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 4352 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 15 40 88 180 320 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 198 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 24 60 80 100 Note: * Signifies missing data. DK = respondents answered don't know. Refused = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 78 August 1997 Table 15 63. Range of Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Grass in a Day by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Day Total ** 0 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 110 121 N 100 110 120 121 Overall 700 43 79 49 49 85 7 11 125 1 1 21 1 2 66 160 Gender Male 352 25 35 23 25 41 3 5 64 * 1 12 * 1 33 84 Female 347 18 44 26 24 44 4 6 61 1 * 9 1 1 33 75 Refused 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 Age ( years) * 3 * * 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * 1 1 4 216 10 24 19 21 25 1 4 35 * 1 8 * 1 18 49 5 11 200 15 24 10 10 19 2 3 38 1 * 8 1 * 20 49 12 17 41 2 5 1 2 8 * 1 8 * * 1 * * 8 5 18 64 237 16 26 18 15 32 4 3 44 * * 4 * 1 20 54 > 64 3 * * * * 1 * * * * * * * * * 2 Race White 568 36 65 40 39 58 7 9 98 1 1 17 1 1 56 139 Black 68 3 4 6 7 14 * 1 15 * * 2 * * 5 11 Asian 5 * * 1 * 3 * * * * * * * * * 1 Some Others 16 * 4 * 1 1 * * 4 * * 1 * * 2 3 Hispanic 41 4 5 2 2 9 * * 8 * * 1 * 1 3 6 Refused 2 * 1 * * * * 1 * * * * * * * * Hispanic No 619 38 65 44 42 73 6 11 110 1 1 18 1 1 62 146 Yes 77 5 13 5 7 11 1 * 14 * * 3 * 1 4 13 DK 3 * * * * 1 * * 1 * * * * * * 1 Refused 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Employment * 461 27 54 31 34 52 3 8 81 1 1 17 1 1 46 104 Full Time 149 8 16 12 10 21 3 3 25 * * 2 * * 13 36 Part Time 29 2 5 1 1 6 * * 4 * * 2 * * 3 5 Not Employed 60 5 4 5 4 6 1 * 15 * * * * 1 4 15 Refused 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Education * 461 27 54 31 34 52 3 8 81 1 1 17 1 1 46 104 < High School 22 2 2 1 1 4 * * 3 * * * * 1 3 5 High School 73 4 8 9 4 6 1 1 9 * * 3 * * 6 22 Graduate 66 2 7 4 6 13 2 * 20 * * * * * 3 9 < College 54 3 5 3 4 6 1 1 10 * * * * * 6 15 College Graduate 24 5 3 1 * 4 * 1 2 * * 1 * * 2 5 Post Graduate Census Region Northeast 124 5 14 10 4 13 * 3 26 * * 2 1 * 10 36 Midwest 128 8 7 10 10 15 1 3 23 * 1 4 * * 15 31 South 273 21 22 20 25 30 5 4 52 1 * 11 * 2 23 57 West 175 9 36 9 10 27 1 1 24 * * 4 * * 18 36 Day of Week Weekday 445 33 55 35 32 55 3 7 82 * 1 15 1 1 38 87 Weekend 255 10 24 14 17 30 4 4 43 1 * 6 * 1 28 73 Season Winter 107 12 22 6 6 15 2 * 15 * * 5 * * 5 19 Spring 240 9 23 16 13 28 1 5 49 * * 7 1 1 26 61 Summer 262 12 20 20 18 36 2 5 48 1 * 7 * 1 29 63 Fall 91 10 14 7 12 6 2 1 13 * 1 2 * * 6 17 Asthma No 638 38 73 46 44 78 7 9 114 1 1 18 1 2 60 146 Yes 61 5 6 3 5 7 * 2 10 * * 3 * * 6 14 DK 1 * * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * * Angina No 699 43 79 49 48 85 7 11 125 1 1 21 1 2 66 160 DK 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * Bronchitis/ emphysema No 679 43 76 49 47 83 7 11 120 1 1 20 1 2 65 153 Yes 21 * 3 * 2 2 * * 5 * * 1 * * 1 7 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 79 Table 15 64. Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Grass ( minutes/ day)

Percentiles Category Population Group N 1 2 5 10 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 100 Overall 657 0 0 0 0 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Male 327 0 0 0 0 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Gender Female 329 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 1 4 206 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 5 11 185 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 12 17 39 0 0 0 0 30 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) 18 64 221 0 0 0 0 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Age ( years) > 64 3 30 30 30 30 30 121 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race White 532 0 0 0 0 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Race Black 65 0 0 0 3 20 58 90 121 121 121 121 121 Race Asian 5 10 10 10 10 30 30 30 121 121 121 121 121 Race Some Others 16 0 0 0 0 10 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Race Hispanic 37 0 0 0 0 30 60 110 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic No 581 0 0 0 0 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Hispanic Yes 72 0 0 0 0 10 35 100 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Full Time 141 0 0 0 0 20 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Part Time 27 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Employment Not Employed 55 0 0 0 5 23 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education < High School 20 0 0 0 5 30 60 120.5 121 121 121 121 121 Education High School Graduate 69 0 0 0 0 15 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education < College 64 0 0 0 0 17.5 46.5 60 121 121 121 121 121 Education College Graduate 51 0 0 0 1 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Education Post Graduate 19 0 0 0 0 25 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Northeast 119 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region Midwest 120 0 0 0 7.5 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region South 252 0 0 0 1 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Census Region West 166 0 0 0 0 10 45 120 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekday 412 0 0 0 0 15 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Day of Week Weekend 245 0 0 0 1 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Winter 95 0 0 0 0 4 30 120 121 121 121 121 121 Season Spring 231 0 0 0 1 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Summer 250 0 0 0 1.5 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 Season Fall 81 0 0 0 0 10 35 120 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma No 600 0 0 0 0 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Asthma Yes 56 0 0 0 0 22.5 60 120.5 121 121 121 121 121 Angina No 656 0 0 0 0 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 636 0 0 0 0 20 60 120 121 121 121 121 121 Bronchitis/ Emphysema Yes 21 0 0 0 0 30 60 121 121 121 121 121 121 NOTE: A value of " 121" for number of minutes signifies that more than 120 minutes were spent. N = doer sample size. Percentiles are the percentage of doers below or equal to a given number of minutes. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 80 August 1997 Table 15 65. Number of Times Swimming in a Month in Freshwater Swimming Pool by the Number of Respondents Times/ Month Total N 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Overall 653 147 94 73 47 42 26 11 26 2 38 3 27 2 2 27 2 Gender Male 300 62 47 37 20 16 17 5 9 2 16 2 13 1 * 16 1 Female 352 85 47 36 27 26 9 6 17 * 22 1 14 1 1 11 1 Refused 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 * * Age ( years) * 8 2 2 1 1 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * 1 4 63 11 14 7 3 3 4 1 3 1 4 * 2 1 1 2 * 5 11 100 16 15 7 9 6 4 2 4 * 7 * 5 * * 11 2 12 17 84 21 13 7 4 8 4 2 3 1 8 * 1 * * 2 * 18 64 360 86 48 50 27 22 11 5 14 * 18 3 15 1 1 10 * > 64 38 11 2 1 3 2 2 1 2 * 1 * 4 * * 2 * Race White 555 126 74 64 44 32 25 10 23 2 36 1 23 2 2 21 1 Black 30 8 7 1 * 2 * * 1 * * 2 * * * 2 1 Asian 13 3 2 2 * 1 * 1 1 * 1 * 1 * * * * Some Others 12 2 * 2 2 1 * * * * * * * * * 4 * Hispanic 35 5 8 4 1 6 1 * 1 * 1 * 3 * * * * Refused 8 3 3 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Hispanic No 591 135 81 68 44 35 25 10 25 2 36 3 24 1 2 24 2 Yes 55 10 11 5 2 6 1 1 1 * 2 * 3 1 * 3 * DK 2 * * * 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * Refused 5 2 2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Employment * 243 47 41 21 17 15 12 5 10 2 18 * 8 1 1 15 2 Full Time 240 56 38 38 15 13 10 3 8 * 10 1 8 1 1 6 * Part Time 43 13 2 4 3 8 * 1 1 * 4 2 2 * * 1 * Not Employed 122 30 12 10 12 6 3 2 7 * 6 * 9 * * 5 * Refused 5 1 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * * * * Education * 257 51 43 21 18 17 12 5 11 2 19 * 8 1 1 15 2 < High School 16 2 2 3 * 3 1 1 1 * * 1 * * * * * High School Graduate 112 28 15 16 11 6 5 1 1 * 5 1 5 * 1 3 * < College 104 29 11 11 2 9 2 3 7 * 4 1 7 * * 3 * College Graduate 93 22 12 14 10 2 3 * 2 * 5 * 6 * * 4 * Post Graduate 71 15 11 8 6 5 3 1 4 * 5 * 1 1 * 2 * Census Region Northeast 136 32 15 10 16 9 4 1 4 * 13 1 8 1 2 4 * Midwest 130 35 21 17 8 6 7 2 4 * 9 * 4 1 * 6 * South 235 46 36 29 13 15 12 7 10 2 10 2 8 * * 9 2 West 152 34 22 17 10 12 3 1 8 * 6 * 7 * * 8 * Day of Week Weekday 445 97 67 52 36 25 15 9 14 1 24 2 18 2 2 21 1 Weekend 208 50 27 21 11 17 11 2 12 1 14 1 9 * * 6 1 Season Winter 62 19 12 5 3 1 2 * 6 * 2 1 3 * * * * Spring 174 55 25 19 13 9 7 3 7 * 8 * 7 * * 2 1 Summer 363 61 45 41 29 26 15 8 12 2 27 2 14 2 2 24 1 Fall 54 12 12 8 2 6 2 * 1 * 1 * 3 * * 1 * Asthma No 590 132 81 67 43 38 25 10 24 2 37 3 25 2 2 22 2 Yes 56 14 11 5 4 3 1 1 2 * 1 * 2 * * 5 * DK 7 1 2 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * Angina No 639 143 90 73 47 41 26 10 26 2 37 3 27 2 2 26 2 Yes 8 3 1 * * 1 * 1 * * * * * * * 1 * DK 6 1 3 * * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 621 138 91 71 45 40 25 10 24 2 38 2 27 2 2 25 2 Yes 26 8 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 * * 1 * * * 2 * DK 6 1 2 * 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * * Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 81 Table 15 65. Number of Times Swimming in a Month in Freshwater Swimming Pool by the Number of Respondents ( continued) Times/ Month 18 20 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 31 32 40 42 45 50 60 DK Overall 2 25 1 1 9 2 1 1 26 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 5 Gender Male * 10 * * 4 2 1 * 10 2 1 1 1 * * * 4 Female 2 15 1 1 5 * * 1 16 * * 1 1 1 1 2 1 Refused * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Age ( years) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 4 * 2 * * * * * 1 2 * 1 * * * * * * 5 11 * 3 * 1 2 * * * 5 * * * * * 1 * * 12 17 1 4 * * * 1 * * 2 * * * * * * 1 1 18 64 * 15 1 * 7 1 1 * 15 2 * 2 1 1 * * 3 > 64 1 1 * * * * * * 2 * * * 1 * * 1 1 Race White 2 19 1 1 9 2 1 1 19 2 1 2 2 * * 2 5 Black * 3 * * * * * * 3 * * * * * * * * Asian * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Some Others * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 * * Hispanic * 1 * * * * * * 3 * * * * 1 * * * Refused * 1 * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * * * Hispanic No 2 23 1 1 9 2 1 1 20 2 1 2 2 * 1 2 4 Yes * 1 * * * * * * 6 * * * * 1 * * 1 DK * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Refused * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Employment * 1 9 * 1 2 1 * 1 9 * 1 * * * 1 1 1 Full Time * 8 * * 5 * 1 * 10 2 * 2 1 1 * * 2 Part Time * * * * 1 * * * 1 * * * * * * * * Not Employed 1 7 1 * 1 1 * * 6 * * * 1 * * 1 1 Refused * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 Education * 1 11 * 1 2 2 * 1 9 * 1 * * * 1 1 1 < High School * 1 * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * * * High School Graduate * 6 * * 1 * * * 4 * * * 1 * * 1 1 < College * 3 1 * 4 * * * 4 * * * * 1 * * 2 College Graduate * 2 * * 2 * * * 3 2 * 2 1 * * * 1 Post Graduate 1 2 * * * * 1 * 5 * * * * * * * * Census Region Northeast * 7 * * 2 1 * * 2 1 * 1 1 * * * 1 Midwest * 4 * * 1 * * * 4 * * * 1 * * * * South 2 7 1 1 4 * 1 1 9 1 * 1 * * 1 1 4 West * 7 * * 2 1 * * 11 * 1 * * 1 * 1 * Day of Week Weekday 1 18 1 1 7 1 1 * 19 * 1 1 * 1 1 2 4 Weekend 1 7 * * 2 1 * 1 7 2 * 1 2 * * * 1 Season Winter 1 3 * * * 1 1 * * 1 * * 1 * * * * Spring * 8 * * 2 * * * 3 * * * 1 * 1 1 2 Summer 1 10 1 1 7 1 * 1 21 1 1 2 * 1 * 1 3 Fall * 4 * * * * * * 2 * * * * * * * * Asthma No 2 21 1 1 9 1 1 1 23 2 1 2 2 1 * 2 5 Yes * 3 * * * 1 * * 2 * * * * * 1 * * DK * 1 * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * * * Angina No 2 24 1 1 9 2 1 1 26 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 5 Yes * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 * * * * DK * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Bronchitis/ Emphysema No 2 22 1 1 9 2 1 1 23 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 Yes * 2 * * * * * * 3 * * * * * * * 1 DK * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Note: * Signifies missing data; " DK" = respondent answered don't know; N= sample size; Refused = respondent refused to answer. Source: Tsang And Klepeis, 1996 Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Page Exposure Factors Handbook 15 82 August 1997 Table 15 66. Range of the Average Amount of Time Actually Spent in the Water by Swimmers by the Number of Respondents Minutes/ Month Total 110 150 180 181 N ** 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 120 150 180 181 100 Overall 653 13 62 75 120 20 39 131 8 2 31 2 68 10 32 40 Gender Male 300 5 31 38 60 6 17 55 3 * 18 1 28 6 17 15 Female 352 7 31 37 60 14 22 76 5 2 13 1 40 4 15 25 Refused 1 1 * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

Age ( years) * 8 1 2 1 2 * * * * * * * 2 * * * 1 4 63 3 5 12 12 1 4 8 * * 2 * 7 1 3 5 5 11 100 5 3 2 12 5 4 25 * * 7 * 16 2 11 8 12 17 84 1 3 7 10 2 6 15 * 1 8 1 14 4 6 6 18 64 360 3 45 50 75 8 22 74 8 * 13 1 26 3 12 20 > 64 38 * 4 3 9 4 3 9 * 1 1 * 3 * * 1 Race White 555 7 53 67 105 18 36 109 8 2 24 2 59 9 26 30 Black 30 3 1 1 4 * * 8 * * 5 * 1 1 1 5 Asian 13 * 1 1 3 1 * 4 * * 1 * 1 * * 1 Some Others 12 * 1 2 1 * * 3 * * * * 2 * 1 2 Hispanic 35 1 5 4 4 1 2 7 * * 1 * 4 * 4 2 Refused 8 2 1 * 3 * 1 * * * * * 1 * * *

Hispanic No 591 11 57 67 108 19 35 120 8 2 29 2 62 9 28 34 Yes 55 1 5 8 10 1 3 10 * * 2 * 5 1 4 5 DK 2 * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * * 1 Refused 5 1 * * 2 * 1 * * * * * 1 * * *

Employment * 243 9 11 20 34 8 13 48 * 1 16 1 37 7 19 19 Full Time 240 3 31 29 51 4 14 51 3 * 8 * 21 3 10 12 Part Time 43 * 3 10 12 1 3 2 1 * 5 * 2 * * 4 Not Employed 122 1 16 16 21 7 8 30 4 1 2 1 7 * 3 5 Refused 5 * 1 * 2 * 1 * * * * * 1 * * *

Education * 257 9 13 22 35 8 15 50 * 1 17 1 39 7 20 20 < High School 16 * 4 2 3 * * 3 1 * 1 * * * * 2 High School Graduate 112 1 12 10 16 5 8 26 1 1 5 1 11 * 5 10 < College 104 2 15 16 27 2 4 20 3 * 4 * 6 1 2 2 College Graduate 93 1 8 15 21 2 6 17 1 * 1 * 10 2 4 5 Post Graduate 71 * 10 10 18 3 6 15 2 * 3 * 2 * 1 1 Census Region Northeast 136 2 12 17 28 5 9 20 3 1 4 * 13 3 9 10 Midwest 130 3 10 17 27 4 8 24 1 * 6 * 17 1 7 5 South 235 8 20 19 37 6 15 56 * * 13 1 26 4 12 18 West 152 * 20 22 28 5 7 31 4 1 8 1 12 2 4 7 Day of Week Weekday 445 11 45 52 82 14 23 87 7 2 19 * 46 8 22 27 Weekend 208 2 17 23 38 6 16 44 1 * 12 2 22 2 10 13 Season Winter 62 2 6 6 10 5 3 14 * * 3 1 7 1 1 3 Spring 174 3 21 24 37 7 12 32 * 2 6 1 13 3 6 7 Summer 363 7 29 36 64 6 20 77 6 * 20 * 44 6 23 25 Fall 54 1 6 9 9 2 4 8 2 * 2 * 4 * 2 5 Asthma No 590 12 52 71 114 19 33 117 8 2 26 2 64 9 26 35 Yes 56 1 9 3 4 * 5 14 * * 5 * 3 1 6 5 DK 7 * 1 1 2 1 1 * * * * * 1 * * * Angina No 639 13 60 73 118 19 37 130 8 2 30 2 66 10 32 39 Yes 8 * * 2 1 1 1 1 * * 1 * 1 * * * DK 6 * 2 * 1 * 1 * * * * * 1 * * 1 Bronchitis/ emphysema No 621 13 56 72 115 19 37 123 7 2 31 2 67 10 30 37 Yes 26 * 5 3 4 1 1 7 * * * * * * 2 3 DK 6 * 1 * 1 * 1 1 1 * * * 1 * * *

Note: * Signifies missing data. DK = respondents answered don't know. Ref = respondents refused to answer. N = doer sample size in specified range of number of minutes spent. Values of 120 , 150 , and 180 for number of minutes signify that 2 hours, 2.5 hours, and 3 hours, respectively, were spent. Source: Tsang and Klepeis, 1996. Volume III  Activity Factors Chapter 15  Activity Factors Exposure Factors Handbook Page August 1997 15 83 Table 15 67. Number of Minutes Spent Swimming in a Month in Freshwater Swimming Pool ( minutes/ month)