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RE_ s  ? u   * " UP* t l e ° & 8ÿ ¶ h T  · 1f ¨ º d    7bDYS £ ÿ~   k # ÿ@ º » j'   g@   r ¶ X Æ! 9 lh d < u4 ¶   Y;& ¡ \ A R d 2q ° S_ « Mu     ¯ ØlGø<.| QÆ8ÿ ´ % [ i Yÿ   ~ r @ j 3) | t ¤ æ` z ´ D 3 ¤ ÿZ æ HNp   cb ` rÆ@   £ I& ¶ (   eCq ¶ ML<[ ~ r] 3I   8S 5W,} ;"#) · ~ ¤   c  A ~ ´ DjFa\ 2 b ¶ ¸ Y ¡ p (   3) % [ L =\ uL     c § º > F | lqWÆD ¨ { f « ° _   [ ¶ ( Y  Æ   % l( p ¢ & _ P $ OZ « k ¤   L2   B"   º 4LS ~     Z   B æ[ v , ¨ >  + t K   V1 I ´ K g ª   ¨ k ; 24) x   ? _ * ' v £ 1 ' W 5A" « R 6 l " fg O P kG_ [^\ l° "' øÿ >/ Contents 8 0 R>> endobj13 0 obj<</ Length 14 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º ¨ W ~ [ 7 * A1 | oDR   e tvA t   « " O   " A } I " mJwv ( Q ÿnvd ¤ Gg| » M ¸   Y# { ymM } ¥ ¡ ~ 1 o   ? ¨ ¯ s* ys o ¯ ¯ ¨ O w Gs x ´ ( º ¨ l » K ¨ ß ·   ª > sOUM* » s5!*` L t ,  =.:° ¤ ÿ | l R J R j ; ¯   X7 ° s Y q ¤ uÿ ¨ § k\ pXÿ ¤ j* e&\. W| O M" 8LO* h~ 7 fu4 + G_ W     ri ´ ÿr " ^ * m u* hE   \ v ª Ø ´ 8 ¨ LqG æ V ° & ÿ   G T øE · agø % q RAÿ G i:   / ¨ LO ¸ 9O Lui / FlateDecode >> stream H º W r   * Ø° < d ¸ ¥   ¡ c+ q   u   J / 4 # 15" · ~ » " q E3  a   = @  \ £ L   = PQ v ) x : # ø g I < P d  O) ~ ÿ8ÿQ  R ¿ ¿ R c > T ·     ¶ f ~   *   j U U %+ : ° P t º : * Dd ¿   M } n () h2 9   g& l Z7 ¯ ª H   w l < ) Y ( ) / ÿ<   ' "^ LLG ¨ dQ" » ¿ D < JC 5 ¿ Q3y $_ L F ¨ Q ¨ $ rQ3I> » K JP{ v . L°% vv., ÿ ¨   W § + M^; 3 So z  ){     R   { _ z3 ¯ l x ej} ¡ ~ ) Uz   ¨ NP   * L g ~ r ¡ L. 7 ÿ  %  ¶ :   ¶ 9^ I T' ª Q m vW^ ` w@; ^ A Q * | » a º P      = F   }  * £ ¢ J~ * ¥ º Ul M~ lF ¥     * > L+ xxE æ Zk?/ q ÿ $< Q H6~ y 2 * ¤ [ c'?*/ ÿ ¨ d P ¿ S9 ~ by   i « K rw 7 d0 st';^   I ]. 9 ¨ @ > A   § + ? % ¿   Ø / Length 22 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º WMo 7 * t* Ew" R AjÆ 7 0 kÿc « nmæ° % iK ¨ _ i  HvÆ7z 8O ¯ n@ 2> ´ & c    ' zubM |     º l4` 2 J ¥ C h b { z°   zÆ   c ¶ b   A iÿ » xÿg ¨ Ø G   " lA; E Aø ;` q B ¸ | £ º R_ qn&? q . / X9 x0S?   ' ¸ ¨ L~   " B * £   B = 3 h` F= hg y E   U   0, d  æk ¡ ª / æ ¥ U ÿ  5' 9Ts6 L + * * h y c   f Y øfy} Z^ vI W pr § ·   Q + ¨ y Øv 9   +  : & TM_ @ w> v | KL !:   n T ¸ øÿ Gs fd#~   f F/ : 2 ¡ w/  OrP7 ´ K E § ¸ Ug i7 } !   ° u   T!+ UDJt)=  > stream H º ø] o   § / Ø ( & u t7M M  F f xT ¤ F { H Iy7^ ¶ A1 § EØ ¢ Lc   Ø   LC^ Bd DDd\ {" \ ª æ#   ' ] <( W _ ÿ( h ÿl \ ¡ '   Q T+   O A@     ¯ T+ ° : " · J@ L }` * #+ Q ÿ · J ÿJ 8 A ¡ 4 1 ~   CF{% ¨ XM/ D ´ ÿ ´ BQrg Q % Ø   ¯   ~   ' a<" X E  L P E *:!  BA$] +°   ° ' @ ø ¨ > ; 8   v ] ø & Æ° [ t T 2w F § £ u" s  øia ¡ ' ø n7 Lo i   e* 2 ' ' F ß*+ q6M i ª øh { krg ¶ > ¿     g/[ 5Ol º ,         \ Æ ¢ i( ¶ D ¢ ( ?   0\ ÿ SN   S* S7 ¿ R7 + da y ¥ * . & = T z > '     Y= p M^ ] d .° f 0= t k ¡ Nø v k " ¨ ¤ i i!   ¯ $ / C % ¨ #   ~  U  "? r o9i4m8_ a Hv" i Yß gq y 7 ei y   e* < º > h ÿ   { ° æ E ¯ H ¯ ÿ § * ) ( ' EMU j i 3 $ l ( J` d / 5  . M8 « ª : sY    lEOkCM   R   w   ° 7 V ? » ¿   = Y ? l * u tm a  8* ~ endstreamendobj25 0 0 R / F1 10 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 24 0 R>> endobj27 0 obj<</ Length 28 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n 7 * * LB * 3 ¨ c @ \` Æ   « # '. R'Umæ° WGC @ < æØ I ª C   9; 3 bC 4Z &* u   lcT ;  U ¢ ' gF ¿ A W l: r\ § 8m fi «   ¶ tu# ¸ | B _ 5   4 1X ¯ &   E  ¤ \ z T KP F] ° ( £ @   " B#   F< l F     BC l} ÿ ! ¢ ° " k   PC   > } L ¨ ? ` l  > Æk ÿ4  X + ¶ i ";, f) ` HbI   vX ¸ J$\ ¨ ¿   8  x ¸ º $ "+ n ^" 6 J ª x J ( q ÿ » mK t8Q º « \ k l _ 6 5 ' 3i  i  ø °   * pæ e   ¿     i » ª mL y °   ?? ¿ ª   ¨ ¨ ÿ # f ¸ V4   1iig       ' kecY R>> endobj31 0 obj<</ Length 32 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W r# 5 * ¿  o §  * æ l` @ X\ / ¸ $ " { ÿ"[ ¢ = ÿ       ) ¥   ÿ ª |   , c º ` + n ª   ´ 7 øo& Ø aS  4( 8@ r   ¯ Pi> u   d æ°       > ¥ » ~ h  : [ u` ¸   P ¤   ÿ: 0 U" z  `  ¥ ¡ :   R   Z * [ t4Mx5 Xi> C c_ ~ ÿ( 6z § L$ F   9 ¢   ° % ÿ( q M"   iV& qI ¸ u   · o{ * b k J o* ¿ | [: n ¿ * 7 · W ¿ w ÿ C ~ R * ¥ 6] º ? 9Q/ < hv ¨   ' =° Jf ¤ W o&    * 1 ~ i v  ¯ { " 7   · i *   ¥ 4_ ÿ 4ÿ ¤ ßP     t ¤ 3. ¨ , ¤ (    ÿ< ÿ " R J 7 * tz w ° a  i* % s + Y   ¶ « £ o E w  * g lb    » { ° ¸ di% § «   [ V ÿ   . e  |] Vv Oj! k : F4  ª ¿ Lx, Ø   ¤ y    ? & w bW~ s ¯ l It « Io ¢ A > 9 8 j# bC#* ( K   0 jO t ß q 1 > £   " W °   cS o d* my_" FßZpi Rd "  x K I   K M V *[ DZ\'   _ txeH ´ % aP [ * · P Lß a'   0 ~ § p     x · @ P! 1 £ & dj = 5 ; M E i 8 P ;   l}   @ Y ° ° aQ< 0 _ 2 * 6ß m  BL ,   ` ÿ   J ) <</ F0 6 0 R / F1 10 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 31 0 R>> endobj34 0 obj<</ Len gth 35 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º ¡ V n 1 * Ø* y@ ¿ H   e ¤ J% B/ L sH74 ¿ $ $   l * h d 9   e £   *   ¡ B » ` vQi "* ' KA9   J+ ¡   a ¨ ÿ Yli; XnZ 7p Z   ` il°   [ ÿ `:_ ÿ M nw ¨ }  > * g B# Gk § # yo XV rYV * v uSÿ YT+ r · X U <   ¯ M   °   ¨ ¨ L L . y ¸ ¨ 9 Øg ¸ "   F d'g < &   ¸ m& ¨ æ % < ¯ * " bFf6 ¯ ! 61 æ 3 G* F@ i ¿ UI3 § G@ ' 9O ¨ D   * ÿ   G ~ N # T £ { ~ M1 * 5, V sVB c   " fS 4z `) Ø ø ¥ R9F 1ÿ: Æw _ æ" 7* 9Vy Vy_   ' r* w2 + Sdi0  · kØv \ B{ u, B Cg5 ¨ ZÆ A ¨ z * ¶ O ¥ \ Ps & ' 5 ¨ v ¿ ¤   A º   5 § 6 S a £ Ø9E ( ¿ Æ $ t £ " ¯ Pq ¤     Æ u" t   d Ø º . ° ¯ ¿ Æ D> " OJN %' * D    £ JN i   £ JN   N; eD° U" § N · S · R   ß · R %' BN N ' * O N ' * K N * ¥ L ° ¤   T   M69 § T * j   LSA °   | Zq æ ¶ " ØL °* x  T £ * ~ i ° q ¥ T £ * I ¶   æ tPq d & ø2A j @ to7s4 r5< ¨ ø. ÿ ª { æ8 ÿ~ *# ´ ? 9\* D D ¨ º " * ßD[ ÿs D 0Ø v ÿ     i ¥ 2ø ¨ ¨ l  U ' x  v   ¶ s ´ ' i6t K ; N\ G( ¨ ¶ E « ' 8 dD . r ¤ e O` ª ° l  h «   n   p ¥ ° I   £ _ c G: l   , . g  Kß~ Et º K@> M 35: G+° h ° V|} M ª . 1_ i ~: G? Y 4 ; i ¶ m ¨ * > ¢ ´ 1_ n  k8 ÿ > ¤ _ ¥ \ " iR y u  <+} ¨ ! ` m[ yWU ° " X=   a ¿ H aL< f § U ª Y R » * ;°$ W/ 1   ¶ F G ) R º ¿   k ÿ M   > § : K Us 1MrF ¯ « ´ > `` X   " G}` bG E ~   ~ 6 ¸ < sÿ ª ~ m" ,> 5 E H ßp } / Contents 37 0 R>> endobj40 0 obj<</ Length 41 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º WMo# 7 * : ¶ E Z º   E Æ t?` Æ 4q6) R" u * Kif     Z A º C Q ¨ Z ¨ ) Xø ª ÿ £   * ' zs L* d° r   sLl ÿ_ A k ~ > n   o lvo « zwvcN  wl*~ { q ~ g v z  6 o ? M gK 3K ¤ b     ` ¥ % j + 8h C i& ßÿ  ( JnZ Pÿ   ! N9* d% g Ji ß ¢ 3 ~ j   Ø^   n x x · º : + DuX Bj ÿ  / GL% ß 2 6 ÿ e/ u (% u U^ 9 9VR X JU xI 1U º ? £ º & T L W º ^ J ¥ T VR   * '( º   j ~ D ¿ 8 *  U ¨ Q i/ qRl % qU ¨ § { º # H   # ¿ bæ, & qUs$ W » H ° m V5G" n > i" ~ :  uT f vR CRSW L }   a $ GU   a K * 9  J E" 2   e ´ U     W+ Q*  J « J ; " d% q\ § B_ p  * 8 } ´ W u ´ º J' º sIM\ Up y %   > M a " la & ?> º ) « ? M : ¡ ° ¨ ~ °( ¯ ´ ÿ   ø @ 3 ¨ ¢ gB H )^   ÿ< S& ¨ % <\ ¨ p  Gy    + 4E $** Vf c c' c A: < U wøø i Nh J . J ´ ø = q £ ¸ > q . ~     * * ª   ÿl " \ º LS ª   = ß KC \ vJ ¯ " ª   ¯ ? ÿO a » ' s' >  c _ w  ;   ØVT º endstreamendobj41 0 obj13 >> endobj43 0 obj<</ Length 44 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º Wm ¯ ¤     2 E ¢ S ¡ $ q L " j T I « ÿ M « Hi 4 ". { eR y onÿ f H( Y`   + ] » | QY +\`, 8< « <     gt* ^ w* m' k " i  >  ns\ P n   i ? ÿ   ? ÿ » » æ H ¤ Øs YR ´ k* » b P ø UÿÿØ+ ª $ ` 2  º ' M « " g     9 xi1ÿlJU £ ? \ h £ 1 ~ a &% ( Mb ª ¨   æ7 , l*  + E ¯ : / e ÿ2   H 2 ¨ Lg C { ÿ 3 9 ¨ " f C {   lB` 9 ¢ N yl ) ¸ « qW l iWu<( p ´ 3{ FfO ~ Æ2 º ( 1 = » ' z" z" U 7  W W  P S " ° ' q2$ ßu  ° ø  G G 7 / 0S ¨ Uÿ LF& Mws ß ¨ ` | ´ 6@ 2$   º ? ÿ º o n qoÿ UAøE + N_ æ ¨ X º m ¥ 4U ) ° p º k æ* ; ¯ * 5} t æ  j P 0WxTY     * TK ¿ R ¿ $ Y)   ' / m tFhJd(   o º ÿP ¿ w * fI R   d> 9   2 % y  '  e $ yh: 9=   C dß  ,   C d ¸ $ 2 Æ" º ÿø4 ¿ , ID 5 ho ' iH f § 5 ' iH E ¨ $ * j& Oj& I ¿ < ¤ D. i& Q3y     " ^ ÿn" ¨ I « ¿ G ¨ I 6  » JY I C · [   u V} i ' _ z° « ' } · j ¶ 3 e4< a '| U: ^ * x     o p|  * ~ 02au I ¤ ; 4 TV º ; 8x# l  £ y# 7 ' ÿ OV* ~    r r j º j s% Sß · am ° I ZY º R " »   b j U ? 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[ K| a   ¨ 0 Ø   I   XN £ ª f [ « $ 7g /_ Li @ qAhlh& VCø' ln 0 @ ¤ ¡ Tm · { Wm   Ø ¸ R{@ {` zÿ4 ß ¯ ÿ yu ¤ Q m   uI >| Ll9  ¤ i ~ z  **{ O7 ¢ ¶ ¶ XT] u « ° ¯ mi  } 4 ' ¿   & _ iÿ] i"   æ 6* LF P ÿ} c P  Qv'; / d ~ } y ~ § ( Vi ¨ R A6L b ª 4 U' ¸ ¤ P ¿ dt F 4 z ª rØ^@ J r ÿK  Ø / ~ # b Bø XOM! g   xB     *   [ ÿB} 4 ° vH> Zh%& ¯ sDi;& ¯ Eÿ * Gm C ~# 6; g5 W f \ B ¡ ¤ P ÿ"< ª FOU ° ¨ º T 7\ 0æ % H ª w9| _ ¸ x : om ¡ ~ <; i" "~ RF t « R / F2 18 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 43 0 R>> endobj46 0 obj<</ Length 47 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n 7 * Ø* = § ; /  = 6H ¿ $ 0   g ¤ n æ°   £ 4M_ l , (   : :" ^ ÿ   l\ ¸ \ < Yÿ { rfM £ ø ¢ ¥   u, ÿW ¥_ Ø*) @ Y ¤ m « O · ~ v ´ y ^ ¿ k « H  ! w 3l! ¶ ø x   # G / L « ? ¥ * rl] Æ q| cv ~ H gU ¨ Æ Æ ( Y      ¯ £ , ". _ h~ c ca/ O º GCx: DS cy R>>/ Contents 46 0 R>> endobj50 0 obj<</ Length 51 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n# * h x Nv ¥ IØ & A   } J[ ,9   < ª ÿO ª Ww  O H`` ¤ " O O] FrY ° * 3% w x ¨ Y 9= ¢ ww £ ª R 4oox   V Zx [|  m ¯ ' vy  i     t   / lu W :} e ^     ( W&} ; I9   x d º lIÿ   Hø Gi ? d : ¨ ¯ T>}_ R   L< 2 ¨ ¯ ¶ ~ $ d * G  ?   f & ¨ ¯   ~ # T&   "   | ÿ] 2   ' R   Caw * j ¨ I   " U9 ' · ÿS   8F gNc|; . $ 1P : O  2  l !   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[ æ" f kR Y° E Z L  ¯ O   ] H :   ' C ÿL   rC: ß fZ: ß   ¤ | ¶     lG  g ¨   Kÿ ;& Mi « £   zv ° ¨   WÿRUø a · [ °   v r W 0JOC ¨ ÿ" m~ £ % ÿrz ¡ ß 1 ^ ' a   ¥ D ¿ D 1    % 9b   § k º   p+ ( ° g° D ` F Lf ' » H ¨ w / D ¨   Jr2° ¡ i ¢ ` ° u9 J$} i l$` eÆ ¯ " DA   i ´ æÿ A ¿ ß   ´ 4 ¤ X « * · Ae° ' § « l .(  R bw  l*_ iCv [ i ja ¶ n  f " ÿ MLl ¤ Vÿ   ÿ ª ' R _!* ª / 6 M i øg f" ¥ $ ¡ Crlp s : n   ·   ø # 6 x9V  UZLb « D Q " Vq4 , z G y ° 2= V3::" ø ¶ z! Y|     æ DL( C°  / } q< "   * a     z ` d ¸   /^  [ s " f R ~ s ) l · _ =$ G · { j t º K » 6' 6 ° Ho ¢ ª p =     ] /' s ¥ b }. º W ° ? 0! f ¨ % ¨ i p !)# ~   , .       ¤ v's)   i^ _ Z 4   R ¯ r $  kOa Sæ3Y ) o43   S   6 l & to Vø6! ~ LÿY z {' lx& Æ A   ; º * ¿ £   ~   s ´ ) u §     p ) H@  ¶ 8I     ¶ xI : I     "   q   ( LI ~ ¥ ¶ $   N t $@   N t æ@ ¥ $    ~ ¥ ° Ø_) z V " D0Am" I6+  V M 9 ¶ Q ~ <   + f ° f £ { U( n E X ' c: § . ¶   f4 " PØ   r Æ 8æ >  ¶ l\ hc ou q       l$ 0G ~ y> #$ ø" Y ¶ ) Z ¨ , B ¶ s ¨ C iÿba bX? Q, D ¶ ) ÿ~$ Qi ¸ cø % ÿ2vi øje ¡ NW L  ¢ 3 ¶ 4t R B2 * ¨ ÿ B   Ie ' z(;   C g~* x_} . 5#< J Fe o\ £ æ =  = d / Z   s } °   ¢ n s ' ) d ~ 9 m * C ] " §   8endstreamendobj5 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 50 0 R>> endobj53 0 obj<</ Length 54 0 R/ Filter / Fla teDecode >> stream H º W] o   * ? ´ ¶ ` 3 ~= H ¿ '   gWßb ~ iHl ; ~ k æt Æ~ 0 [ l £ ª ¨ ¨   " GR6 ^ « ; h £ ~ Q øøZ° : tÿ · % F   ÿ # '   ° V = £ w  l** ¢ # ¨ G lOaxf   Oæ Æ   }   E ) R} 31 I ^ ° T S ` E § } t ° ? + ` ¿   > h+ Æ ¡ T9_ ÿ Qq ¨ $ ^ c L Y<,     W M W >   º DCø>"~ l ¸ ~ <* bk" 5 »     ' ° u   ? » Z Z r KSØ * 7 p9GN&   Iÿ! º § `   Jdh C '' n b Xø   °   s LI  ø6 ¸ ° i   pF ´ uY   ~ RDt+%; 7ÿ i"$ [ º   \ ki   Utk BCV.# v   Ut+   ¯   xO Ln E   Y LV5 *  ´ ª   ^*  " U, V U · m  *, k ¡ L YX1. 5ÿn °   r+ ° ¡ At+ "[ 1 n [ 5 L~ qk L « Vt [ V* M " ij x H A * } T *  ÿ ÿ ¤ Up ¨ § 2 F  `[#+ ed W 1 ¨ # k| dU º GVH7 }   ef ¡ ° 4 z" V   ? v w@   £ , Rv Mk8Z °    ^ [ ø'u ¥   m ( 6 , ¨   | æB% ÿ \ m « N ª j Wby' ! 0æ z *"=# 7   # P ¡ ~ . I`   R ¯ : ¨   m ¥ ¢ £ k0 ¥ ~ ° 7i  lø ' % ¶ ¡ / a1 ¨ E   ´   { ¸ ¸   S ~ ab s= § ] Aa a § z Læ ´ 9ag? ª z   > ° \ o6% r l   ] ÿZ ~ j d ¡ i_ | « Y Uo> ig Z} fx fx  ` cwn ª k 6hØ   ÿe L · ? / hK »   n · ¿ *     ?/ U  * Ø{   pJ  ~|   Y ¡ Z \ sLG4 ' u     QØ  % K+ n&   9 P ¡ 7ÿ E ( § uA ¢ , K B   \ 1 XÿP&! B CÿiV mT  4 X ! c øFqW X> V 2 ¥ + ßÿ "@ 4 Ø ª   B 3' º   I #  ¯ ª l T ¡ RW\ & # _ ÿ We  $ +   3E § ÿ 8 £ F D x @   " p & ua9/ j(}" er / FlateDecode >> stream H º ¥ W r 6 * * 2 g bqY,   æ ~ * M= K^ T ~     _ APæ J ¸ 3 º ' 8<{ ° ¢    * °   [ ¸ n/ g £ ° # ¢ } w ° ) § d }     j ¢   ) » [ § ; ¡    ¶ ÿ<   Up) s       ÿ g Æ ¸ ø, j TP QÆ z  6FR n § + ÿ>\|^ ¶ 8." ¸ xæ « P e P l x w"* · = xÿ   · º 7 « S ª « 2 " lÆM ´ ÿ# n@ j 7E   R V ¨ ¥ ¸ v ^ ÿ QßSw   i1 ª s · ¿   R^< ak ´ B` L ` 9 1 Q ¿ ~ ] £ , ]& ¸ ° S13u A ¿ yae ¸ ` u^   R" ] iNw Mø x ) æ'` [ y0XØ I ø ^: s g * · ÿo      ¢ hu hL  ¨ UWp ] ÿ ª ÿ $ @ ~ , h U$ t æ H iD   ; ^= d 1 ¡ K ¥ B ¯ M ¨ ø L*   ' ¸ "  ) ¢ 8 ~ « m@[ W _ ~ Q? 3   ¡ ; E o » B3W     z d T ¨ ´ ¥ P   ø ¢ ø B " ^ / ¯ [ 6g ~ i ¡ 6k ], D r~ endstreamendobj57 0 obj1574endobj55 0 0 R / F1 10 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 56 0 R>> endobj59 0 obj<</ Length 60 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n 1 * Ø* ? 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I 0ß ÿX  · 7g ¯   } æJO#=#@ 4 K'  » $ ¨ TØ 3? vp ¤ Uæ< L & ¡ g £ º   ] X  mU. 4ÿ64ÿ> ¶ $ F4ÿN ¶ ( V4ÿ^ 4 £   QÆ S ª S @   Ø XJ # *> ¨ C'w   ø   ÿa ÿR  z   @ 7 M § ¥ Xc   l ø cSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 62 0 R>> endobj65 0 obj<</ Length 66 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n G * * ¨ < H   s{ l P7 ÿ nU i «     ¥ ¥ > æ  8 lVphiØCS § £ ¨ ~ UiL k º N. ¡ A  r6  8h   lVq L PS £ ¨ * |[ q   L Y ° k+ \ Uq.  8 @ ! U °     ej UB " g< A · | *)= ØiF + n ßN. 7Yl" Km LßK9 « ´ O Y L+' U   ¶ s x = l º 1K , M8 ¸ DKS j6& zy   = :} · O  L * Y6Æ i ÿ3 ª / IW  E" ¶ zi 5 ¨   ¨ * f « 3; m" 3q ª   ¸ | \ ¿ £ . øz j Q^ fNøY 0 3 x" m q ° ÿ   ÿ°< ° | " m O ° ¯>   Fi » X ¨ L "   s   ¸   H º W n ÿ * * C? ¡ U ¢ 8 ~ Ø   _ ~ ` Dj93 *_   M n" e { . vu   ¤ SUoÿ § øD ¥ QCÿ ' 3J OwM \ R   gJ ¨ l f * k ¯ L £   m ! # ¢ L\ M # W C n ~ ) ¢ ° \ ,& N ¶ + R M3 i ~ _ K D   " y{ u w * e U` f )%+ F} ' <  ª l` ø ]    R* l   O } Zq  KF" 0 b< ° ÿ T ¿ X! Æi ª 7 æ! K* >~ 1 O~ ª Bhl bgO B ¯ / j u  ¤ Hw UO' ?\? L \ ?  g" T Xy ` U ª   « £ "   ¸ · R   ª ^ m { º  * ]? NGh t º b$   % c\   7 & ·   ÿH9 ´ QXBF · YÿQC4 $/~ V ~     ~ ¡ 7 s   n3 g G Mx2< 9 & » * £ ¡ Æ * "{   ÿ   oU  m ¨ ( ·   K1Y°; vQ}   Y   8 I= L % 5 J~ º ÿQ ø} ¥ w ' ' « * º | C   T f ' rEL % 2 ¯   øo ( E ] k> t 5     ¸   ~ 4   > } 3S ¯   "   F= v § < 6 : 8 8 @ e\ b m ´ · ` T   l cL ¸ r] v ¶ # ! 4pT dM k ¢ ( » BmB  T(   fr? h r h4ÿ U V D+ W ÿ7J ÿ     1 eE./|'   L' ÿ& R& t 2 0 R>>/ Contents 69 0 R>> endobj72 0 obj<</ Length 73 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n 7 * Ø* = § ; I] æ ¨ : Ej [ i æ4 H " / ´       ÿ ¿ ¨ # ° ~ 4h n   A ¤   ; ¡ wzÿv   . * l ul Akk F ¶ ´   4fhbd   ÿV @ « j~* 4  ÿ& ! 1 £ R~ Æ bn     æe   Ø æ Ø g ( ß: H1 l ¥ H º   Dw » ª ¥ E f ¶ ÿ D ÿO5IQ X] £   & ^ ´ ` = ] b   T ¥ SUÿ ' Z B a + d º ¶ g & ÿ æ ux  ÿBJk     ? ¡ L q \ lw $' eøl '   . F ª « @ K · ÿV6T  9\ Ij)\ I. M6 ~ d+ q6 5   RH ª A^! e |$   Lo] 3qG \ ÿ ª N! gu  I. H £ e » R d   Ø º · Yÿ$ »   ¯ n^   ¨ +   ?  y 6ÿH ~   "   0 c ¢ Xn LW ! 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ØZ) R cu     WY ´ ÿ! £ > > stream H º W ~ * Ø° z Ø0 *^ hA^@@ ¶ ¸ ~ VV'ß e7 Hp aU l $ x Y" I   jC  d r | v ° ¸ ' g < » L*/ ÿi aPU   ¨ u *   ¡   Y7ÿ ¨ u *        X7ÿlHa + K v Øq } q U ^ _ ._ Au m mÿ ª ~ ´ b Iu   zk ~ g ¨ k) u* n~ ø 7 Æ° ¡ \   [ 3mQu W ß ¡ I > in   , Y{ Fs ¤ . fp# ø I ¿ 5  K XJ Ui > stream H º ¨ W n F * * ¨ > P ^ fo ¯ I 7n M l ÿt    ßRLJ ~} gvy   cÆ@ a " x8 g , g_] ¨ ¶ W " ¥   c t ¸ * ª ' 3 p=     ° ¸ * ) ` i T   º ´   " ¨ f zJ| » e 5 ¢ »  j   ? DU; 1 P ª X W § 6ub ¢ { 9  S %   ode >> stream H º » W ~ 0 * Ø Zæ c? 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P ¸ L% r ENL (       CP] lP Jv U> | c   kl ~ T ´ a cKpæ Yæ 9 Æ ÿ Y   » J º Z   Ø a7q  F    8 ~ ¢ L     ' ZL   UiM ª Z º § g W i § U °   ø8ÿM ° yUq   L   § ¤ 8ÿ 3 1Tf £ w ¨ p   ¡ YqYci  §   , ^ ÿ » DØrrv   § TgW GØ: 8q    # M £ zN ? 8 r rg q N <   ~ ¸ ¨ Ll W iMp ~ £ ¨ N   ÿ ~ lÿ. i °   W7 ª gs% F endstreamendob / Contents 91 0 R>> endobj94 0 obj<</ Length 95 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º Wms   ~ F   Ksn · i | a( fG&} £ ' x# h ¥ 4qo ¥ L" g } v LaßQ ~   V ] Zaæ Wh ÿ< ß + £ a, 6sLx! 3L mWLf < ÿ qe 2 < K 1 1 iæB $ 6 º Lmb H   < KY *   L ?   ¶ ^ Nm &/ dX < I º Ib x& 0 +   MV & 6 § O { ÿ a 3 !< ¨   f C( O d ; l" H G ¨ Æ# æ   HUdD ~ v b 6 ¨ j r i) xl ¶ g  $ ~ 2 ' H i 8 º = º K     HP    ÿ\%| Q3   ÿ\% lQ3   ÿ\% Tx º H r *! 2[ xQ l8WA °   i Q J' £ 5 ¡ ( Y d A 7 % ° m   « » Øi ' ¡ ct v w   ¨ m# ¥ v{  i ¢ ÿ] i » G ¯ . N46 > +* T # ÿf B ?. Q Æ2 ¥ 2gZAh « 4i" p= Xj « : ? i2 * h O | ¤ * { qA   Kf £   º r r ~ O = 4] ^ * ·   o:   6mcß ° x9vW C ¤ " ø   7 l   C k   u ? ° f ¿ + s N* 1M ÿ b £   ¨ A º b 4PA0  c '; Q   V'nÿ ¤ Nsk · L. '< Htk VnlB D !" NQ a0" ¨ * 7} ws ] Y , iØ T « * % A   g f6 ¡     @ 8ÿ § 6Y § 1Y i ÿ^ ¢ ¥ 6` ¢   _ ß  , ~ » " 6 L)  jC Æ   c   ¶ X ¡ · xS O ¨ j#   D æ º   6 m$ 6 . i 7   B ª M'& 0 £ ª    S_ « : 0?   5( §   25(: 5( B § it< NaL X k ´ " `$ ~ ¨   ¤ ` r ° W ¿ M( % L « " ¡ § ^ ÿQ   j h @ r ° zÿ   K^@  " 9 » L # ¶   M =, æL  U u( ) c i lQN 2# O= B[ 3l ' zm z R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 94 0 R>> endobj97 0 obj<</ Length 98 0 R/ Filter / Fla teDecode >> stream H º W n 7 * Ø* = § ; I] æ ¨ F : Ej [ i æ4 Y{ ¤ y d :+ L   / 6di@ g| M ¸ \   X# wf 8   ; X ^ ~ ° ÿ ª ª _ ' 7g7  ø °   u { puo. o   7  ¨ ' ¨ [ s   . 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( ¨ · o* ª · YMm Sl · | ¸ ¤ ¢ ´ ¨ P ¸ ¡ l 26 ~ Z(+   l3 ~ * Gul Gk 0 , { ~%/ 1   ' ¨ " · ª ÿ º A ª $ { 6lß   a ¥ 0 ¶ ´ P <  C ÿ § º æ 0SO ´ 9 ¸ p  " Y. m [  Jvi 7 [ = i[ q   ¸ > . « 2 Z > \ r ª » \ m& A ~   ß E · ¿ ¤ * * N° } ] · ?   ª m O j{ i   ´ * t  @) ¸  ^ c  2&  O(* Ætø vX7   6   ^ T' ( nÿW; 8ÿ   s º   ¸ ¿ 6 Æ  LR^# Z " ÿ  AJx?  ¢ 4 L   0 R/ Resources <</ Font <</ F0 6 0 R / F1 10 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 100 0 R>> endobj10 H º W ~ * Ø° z Ø0 .^ A Lec <+ « @ Y% >    m [@ 4 i <   $   zz'# O 9 >; w l ]* 9 v < £ gß " J  R a ¿ | < ], Pz| 8Ijz| 8" z| 8H  gr  ^ ª £ t@ ´ ÿ L F|(   h $ x] Lb mE  5 1   cæ ) g*   5[ 9 @ · Uu ¶ ¨ t ! IIt0i7 * D R0!$ 98  ¨     ÿ ´     ( ? º M u yl~ ^ 9 ¤ [ " y m s T  T* I  /  [_ d  6#[   X  * l%]\ U ¯ ª l ÿVR ° E" H f\ ¤ i0{ nUq ¥ zC\  q% U\ 6|& K\ I § ° MqQ2 Tq z ÿ   * . ¨ n B   U * « z Jøh Hø ."[] Dß      .   Mu    H . Y    " o «      ÿ6 ° RWV [> «     "  0 <  ~ 1 1XS < ¤ ~ * ßWo ¨ 1   y « ¨   ~ »     § 0 U ~ 3k ª d 6 ´ f   · ' Jn4    ` 7r I j^ ¨ Ø 4P ¸ BcSg   GC Viÿ&   3az D l ? TG8 æ* °   AIs « { S ~.? _ 9 « y ] " }+ ÿS " J )      k ¡ M  6 ¥     j° " «`   , ^ ¢ ÿx | i         ^ B'   ß! · N x º   K , l> æ8   ¸ " z » 9P   } ^ ¡ SQ   ^ °   _ Fulwq l ° % p   £ ] ! æ ; Pÿ   § L .   l ØE l<: ÿæ 6. P P (   r XPQ ¸ CCF * ¿ H) U}$ ~   Ad? ^ D § U º : [ D  | * ß4   a 5D   i pb  Ex> p f ¡ cl ¥ ø    D@ ' o { øjx } ÿ> & E « 7 0 obj<</ Length 108 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º ¨ W n F * * ¨ > ÿ ^ fo ¯ N 7i M ¶ l ÿt   ßRLL ~} gvy £ ß  ¨ = : 3gw Lq K` i £ ; ¸ « f £ _ ¨ ; j   ; y[, 5' YW   y Z ¸ ø z'  ª bu ¨ . rUT ¯ « x ´ « »   i   0 ¤ Lhÿ cU ´ nf º iC Ø` º u T. ø) L \ A$ ) Pÿ >\"°   WI> ¨   N 3 } ! p* @ m) N2! sæ ¢ g ;= ¸ " l| A~ T ; ont <</ F0 6 0 R / F1 10 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 107 0 R>> endobj110 0 obj< </ Length 111 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stream H º » W ~ 0 * Ø Zæ c? ZVB E § < øn  V  3v 4 i   D> i'ø J l  _ X Z kC ¢ Jp Ap* DZ   M   6 ¤ g ¿, ~   < H a ¯     ? T * k ¥ M!? ¿ ° A ) wu æ A6?& 8 Fqi ¿ S k « æB ~ 9 "  dM g0m ¤ V° ¸ ZJ E æ = ÿ>  . ø*#. N ° m})! 6l R^ MG\ s ib ¥ % VIb   e ¯ 1 ¢ % ¸ 4 ° * + ¢ % ° m ¤ n ' fH *  = Ø.@   $ r ª ¥ Ø; _ 6  £ : = ª H   ¤ 2 Z" m %  n BL s& ¸ C     N* ln} = h;? ~ ¿ J | # [   ;   [ §   [ _ Q:   Ub 8   h £       K lY DÿW   y ¯   ~ v" ¥ 7 » K# ¤ YCj{   I « ¢   L> $   > + ¶ N l`   º ¡ % '   Æ , » < 7 » / n_.$ w" o ¨ a' ~ 9'°~ w [ º     9endstreamendobj111 0 obj840endobj109 0 obj >>/ Contents 110 0 R>> endobj113 0 obj<</ Length 114 0 R/ Filter / FlateDecode >> stre am H º Wmo ` |   * ! 9$ ø 4 ! E  ¥ * Uÿ' JJ     % ) rv y  ] E< 0 5{ 20  ¢ Q     < C ! ´ D  v   ß º N 9' p ´ \ P h  p" ÿ9 6 2 ~ y   q* ÿ8 « U   q* ÿ8 « h t% æ UC  ! 2w ÿ j *$ k{ K « x ~   ¨     8 Yw ¡   0' d iW] 7 mK< 8 r * m p ¢    =  ^ } ¨ ° ¯  ß43 b3 U L* # En ¤ i Bf 2b vØ6 ;" > ¯ Jw+ ø »   5piÿ g ÿO ts] « . Hqw ?] L   V x 7NAr 0 D5 J   º | C} S [ r( w    +  h~  « 3/ I~ m h u yXV j  ¨ s ÿ 0 b   1 S : l   a Plq" k "+ + O' C P æ læ + 5 ´ q   6   8] lV   6 |> = / Gÿ  ~ ) Ø! * zLÿß* K H     qWi § ÿn! § : » F / N O .  ÿn QYn n ` "" ÿX l ( R P ¥   ¡ = l } S oØ · o" o h ] 3   q \ B{ t fN   < ~ 9 . %' [ ÿ ¢ ° awx1z ª y ¨ 1 ° \ 7b~[ { ¯   W ¯ E} ? ; z « = · ø[ pb @ » 9  » | K @  *   K ¶ ~ ÿ \ 7 » BBÿ' s x5 ÿ   J( q% »   T {| X øe L ¯ i L \ y « l f"   M ÿ K ¥ RM ° ; j ¿   h> R T< . ¢ a   C` J 8   · w ^* v  " M ÿæ  ¨ E W ¨ y j l £ ÿSPÿ ¿ H& ¯ § zilfl4g ; N?   QIsX ,  qB@ ø ¶ D ¢ ¸ A R Ø]  ÿ\ 3ÿ^ ø i » * \ l   z ¨ ØF $ u} v ¡ _ . I O < Xß § CH · 4ØjL` æ ÿY> GØa   n u /# H wN> I 8 a § > /* øK#   ¿  ?  Pt 4   [ k xz$ UY  w4 ' z ]   3i   ¯ Ef    u §   ¨ ØpxY h/ Z? .@ H" q 1< n a ÿ8= 1" C# * x \ ÿ c s: TbN K i º     i aÿ ` B ¯ J   y, A' #   H = Æ a lXÆ W k ° 1ÿ ¢ " * « ? & ß ¨ Lhg ; L 10 0 R >>/ ProcSet 2 0 R>>/ Contents 113 0 R>> endobj116 0 obj<</ Length 117 0 R/ Fi lter / FlateDecode >> stream H º W n 7 * Ø* = x' I] AjÆ@ \ h ] g ' H vk# ¨ ø ~ 3 v ÆX` w ´ 3C < | B   ) t6 y F>' wf °      ¨ v \ £ ^ £ 7g ; ~ · ' }{ qg o   ¢ ÿys ~ · ª v l « v ´ S ª m ¨ Cø   9HQ( @ L 0 ;, #* U X B º § D]_ C S C! J Æ ¶ æ + z% °" t § >   U5G, Th% ~ / 8} 9qæj ~ ´ V ): V5G(.    B9 æJ ~ C[ p kØ# Upÿ" ° F* b   .  * 8d% :% z ¿ Nn ¨   + º   LC *   L   ¥ 8 ¿ )   LCVi3q| g % NW £ m qh  G £ W § ' W V Æÿ*   L " TU £ W § ¡ 8H5 ° yUq L XU\ P § t hl   ¯ ? OZ \ # < rI i ;< = 6hSV ¨ ; = } oi{ W}} ß H    " ;% Øø ¢ » L ¢ ! 60j<     ) » : [ ÿn ß   " b   < H2>\ ÿQ ~   p ] ' ¤ \   « v  . e m *   E « §   ´ t "" Y  ¸ * ¤ § ! R: k  ~ Æ [ 4p f   3 }~  [ { ; ° e'F Ø{\ Y 9 @  r7, Ißÿ!" NL ` O jP   { + npæ. m! 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[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 120 (Friday, June 23, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 41188-41190]
[FR Doc No: 2023-13366]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

[Docket No. FMCSA-2022-0163]

Agency Information Collection Activities; Approval of a New
Information Collection Request: Human Factors Considerations in
Commercial Motor Vehicle Automated Driving Systems and Advanced Driver
Assistance Systems

AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), Department
of Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Notice and request for comments.

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SUMMARY: In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, FMCSA
announces its plan to submit the Information Collection Request (ICR)
described below to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review
and approval. This notice invites comments on a proposed information
collection titled Human Factors Considerations in Commercial Motor
Vehicle Automated Driving Systems and Advanced Driver Assistance
Systems. It is a driving simulator study with a series of
questionnaires that will evaluate how commercial motor vehicle (CMV)
drivers engage in CMVs equipped with SAE International Level 2 (L2)
advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and Level 3 (L3) automated
driving systems (ADS). Approximately 100 CMV drivers will participate
in the study. The study will examine the effect of non-driving
secondary task engagement, transfer of control, and training on driver
behavior in CMVs equipped with ADAS and ADS.

DATES: Comments on this notice must be received on or before July 24,
2023.

ADDRESSES: Written comments and recommendations for the proposed
information collection should be sent within 30 days of publication of
this notice to www.reginfo.gov/public/do/PRAMain. Find this information
collection by selecting ``Currently under 30-day Review--Open for
Public Comments'' or by using the search function.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Theresa Hallquist, Office of Research
and Registration, DOT, FMCSA, West Building 6th Floor, 1200 New Jersey
Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590-0001;<PHONE_NUMBER>;
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Title: Human Factors in CMVs Equipped with ADS and ADAS.
    OMB Control Number: 2126-00XX.
    Type of Request: New ICR.
    Respondents: Commercial motor vehicle drivers.
    Estimated Number of Respondents: 100.
    Estimated Time per Response: 4 hours.
    Expiration Date: This is a new ICR.
    Frequency of Response: Two responses.
    Estimated Total Annual Burden: 476 hours.

Background

    Higher levels of ADAS and lower levels of ADS present an
environment that is ripe for overreliance. An L2 vehicle offers
longitudinal and lateral support to the driver; however, the driver is
still responsible for driving at all times. An L2 vehicle is an example
of higher levels of ADAS. At this level, engaging in non-driving
secondary tasks can be highly detrimental to driving performance as the
driver may not recognize and respond to hazards timely or
appropriately. In an L3 vehicle, the role of distraction is blurred. L3
is the lowest level considered to be ADS. The driver takes on a more
supervisory role and is in full control of the vehicle in a limited
number of situations. When an L3 vehicle alerts the driver that a
takeover is required, the driver needs to have situational awareness to
resume full control of the vehicle. Engagement in non-driving secondary
tasks may prevent the driver from maintaining situational awareness of
the driving environment.
    A recently completed study by FMCSA on research involving ADSs in
CMVs found a lack of research related to ADS-equipped CMVs. To date,
most commercial ADSs on U.S. roadways are in passenger vehicles, and
CMV ADSs have only recently begun being implemented in real-world
operations. Therefore, FMCSA needs more data on ADS-equipped CMVs to
understand driver behavior and policy implications.
    The purpose for obtaining data in this study is to evaluate driver
readiness to assume control in SAE L2 ADAS and L3 ADS-equipped CMVs and
develop and test a CMV driver distraction training program designed to
improve driver readiness. Specifically, there are three primary
objectives for the data collection:
    (1) determine the effect of distraction on CMV drivers of L2
vehicles;
    (2) determine the effect of transfer of control on CMV drivers in
L3 vehicles; and
    (3) develop and evaluate a training program that is designed to
decrease the levels of distraction that were identified in CMV drivers
in L2 vehicles and designed to improve the problems with the transfer
of control that were identified in L3 vehicles.
    Answers to these research questions will provide insight into the
human factors associated with semi-automated CMVs. Moreover, these
findings will inform training materials to educate drivers on
distraction and the functionality of ADAS and ADS as well as policy
pertaining to the implications of ADASs and ADSs in CMVs.
    The study includes data collection from a series of questionnaires
and a driving simulator-focused experiment. The collected survey data
will support the simulator experiment data. The survey data will be
used in two ways: in the assessment of driving performance data as
covariates in the model (to control for certain demographic variables,
such as age, gender, and experience) and to answer a research question
on the relationship between driver characteristics and driver readiness
and performance. Data on driver readiness and performance will be
collected from the simulator experiment. Eligible drivers will hold a
valid commercial driver's license, currently drive a CMV, be 21 years
of age or older, and pass the motion sickness history screening
questionnaire.
    Data will be collected over two study sessions. The first study
session will collect data on the effects of non-driving secondary tasks
and readiness to resume control of an L2- or L3-equipped CMV. The
second study session will assess the effectiveness of driver training
to improve safety while operating an L2 or L3 CMV. Questionnaire data
will be

collected prior to the simulator study, during the simulator study, and
after the simulator study. In addition, participants will complete
questionnaires about the training in the second study session. All
questionnaires will be preloaded in an app format for drivers to
complete on a tablet.
    We anticipate 100 participants in total for the driving simulator
study. Fifty drivers will participate in the L2 study sessions, and the
other 50 drivers will participate in the L3 study sessions. During
consent, each participant will agree to participate in both the L2/L3
simulator study session and the training study session. For a
participant who chooses not to continue, a new driver will be recruited
to fill their position. These new participants will not have data from
the L2/L3 study but will need to complete a new consent form, pre-/
post-study questionnaires, and the training questionnaire. Each study
session will be completed in 4 hours, resulting in a total of up to 8
hours of participation for drivers that complete both study sessions.
    Multiple analyses will be used, including an assessment of driver
distraction and its effects on driver readiness and driving
performance. In the L2 and L3 studies, general linear mixed models
(GLMMs) will be used to answer the research questions. In the
transportation safety field, GLMMs are often used to analyze driver
behavior and assess relationships between driving scenarios and
behaviors. To evaluate the effectiveness of the training program,
linear mixed models will be used with random intercepts. Driver random
intercepts will account for participants' correlated behaviors and
expectations in the L2 or L3 system before and after training.
    FMCSA published the 60-day Federal Register notice on September 21,
2022, and the comment period closed on November 21, 2022 (87 FR 57750).
A total of 93 comments were received from the public. These comments
revolved around nine issues: general safety concerns with CMVADS,
concern for job loss due to ADS-equipped CMVs, concerns related to the
operation of ADS within specific operational design domains, concerns
with specific ADS and/or ADAS, the failure of ADS sensors, the security
of ADS-equipped CMVs, driver inattention/distraction when operating an
ADS, data collection efforts, and support for the study. Responses to
these issues are below. Many comments touched on multiple issues;
however, the comments below are organized based on the primary feedback
provided.

General Safety Concerns With ADS-Equipped CMVS

    Fifty percent of the comments received expressed general safety
concerns related to ADS-equipped CMVs. FMCSA is actively engaged in
many research and administrative activities to help improve the safety
of CMV drivers and the general public, including research on ADS. There
are many research questions that need to be answered before ADS-
equipped CMVs are deployed at scale. Some of these research questions
are focused on the ADS technology itself to ensure that the ADS
technology functions as intended and incorporates the appropriate
redundant failsafe systems. However, other research questions are
focused on the human factors related to how individuals within the CMV
industry will interact with ADS-equipped CMVs.
    Crashes involving ADAS illustrate why research focused on human
factors is critical prior to full-scale deployment of ADS. Many of the
incidents involve a mismatch between driver expectations of the
technology and the driver's true role and responsibility to monitor
vehicle features. This study is focused on L2 and L3-equipped CMVs. The
systems included in this study would require a driver inside the
vehicle who is ready to resume control of the vehicle when needed or
requested (e.g., during icy conditions).
    Results from this study will be used to develop and evaluate a
training program designed to improve drivers' understanding and
expectation of ADS. This training program will also attempt to improve
drivers' attention maintenance and hazard anticipation while operating
L2 and L3 vehicles. Although FMCSA believes this is a critical research
study to understand how driver inattention may affect performance of L2
and L3 CMVs, it is only one research study of many that are needed to
ensure the safety of drivers on the roadways.

Concerns for Loss of Jobs Due to ADS-Equipped CMVS

    Ten comments from the public focused on the potential loss of jobs
as a result of ADS-equipped CMVs. The trucking industry employs
millions of individuals in the U.S. who are vital to the U.S. economy.
Additionally, there are millions of other individuals who work in roles
that support the transportation industry (e.g., gas stations, truck
stops, maintenance facilities, etc.). Better pay for drivers, effective
training, safe equipment, and improved quality of life for drivers are
important factors for retaining safe drivers within the industry.
    ADAS and ADS offer possible solutions that help drivers maintain a
better quality of life. For example, they may offer improved health
through crash reductions and allow more home time through more regional
operations for drivers who so desire. As mentioned above, this study is
focused on L2 and L3 ADS-equipped CMVs. Both systems under
investigation in this study would require a driver to be in the truck
at all times and ready to resume control of the vehicle when requested.
Thus, the technologies investigated in this study would not result in
driver job loss.

Concerns for ADS in Specific Operational Domains

    Seven comments provided by the public focused on concerns related
to ADS-equipped CMVs operating outside of their intended operational
design domain. Each ADS is designed to operate within specific
conditions. These conditions provide parameters for the safe operation
of ADS on the road. Before widespread deployment of ADS, more
development, testing, and verification of ADS-equipped CMVs is needed
to understand safe parameters and before they can operate in all
conditions or anticipate and respond to all possible infrequent events.
    As mentioned above, the safety technologies being investigated
require a driver inside the vehicle at all times who could assume
control of the CMV if conditions dictate. Drivers operating an L2 or
L3-equipped CMV must be ready to assume control in these situations.
These situations demonstrate why it is important to research driver
inattention and vigilance of the driver when operating L2 and L3
vehicles. This research will provide information to ensure drivers are
capable and safe to assume control of the CMV when needed through the
development and evaluation of a training program to educate drivers on
ADS capabilities and highlight the importance of maintaining attention
while operating L2 and L3 vehicles.

Concerns With Specific ADAS/ADS

    Six comments expressed concerns related to a specific advanced
driver assistance feature or a particular ADS. These comments
illustrate how additional research and development are needed for many
of the features that will support ADS in CMVs. Although the technology
to support ADS (i.e., automatic emergency braking) has improved, there
are still areas in need of improvement prior to the deployment of ADS-
equipped CMVs. One of the

objectives of this study is to better understand the effect of driver
inattention while operating a CMV equipped with these support
technologies. Ensuring drivers of L2 vehicles maintain attention to the
road is important so that the drivers can anticipate hazards and
potential scenarios where the L2 features may not operate as intended.
Similarly, research to study inattention while operating an L3 vehicle
is needed to determine what training and education will help drivers
prepare to resume control when requested. This research, conducted in a
simulator, will help the industry better understand how drivers of L2
and L3 vehicles can be prepared to take over control when necessary to
ensure the safe operation of the CMV and the safety of the general
public.

Concerns Related to Sensor Failure

    Twelve comments primarily discussed concerns related to the failure
of ADS sensors. Drivers' concerns related to the importance of properly
maintained and functioning sensors are valid. Sensors do fail and/or
become dirty if covered in debris, making them inoperable. It is
critical for ADS to have redundant sensors or a backup alternative
sensor system in case of failure. Research on the functionality of the
technologies and sensors is ongoing. However, human factors-focused
research is also necessary to ensure the safety of L2 and L3 vehicles.
The technologies researched in this study require a driver to be in the
vehicle and ready to take over control when needed or alerted. This
study will examine how driver inattention affects a driver's ability to
successfully respond to or anticipate hazards or scenarios that may
require human control of the vehicle. This research is critical to help
in-vehicle drivers be prepared when a sensor does fail or if the
technology does not anticipate a hazard appropriately.

Concerns Related to the Security of ADS

    Two comments focused on securing ADS against threats. The security
of ADS-equipped CMVs is of incredible importance. Research and efforts
related to the security of the vehicles is needed. However, this is a
separate area of research and development and should not detract from
the importance of human-factors research. As mentioned above, the
purpose of this study is to ensure in-vehicle drivers are capable and
ready to respond to unexpected hazards, scenarios, and requests to take
over control of the vehicle when needed.

Concerns That Inattention/Distraction Will Increase With ADAS and ADS

    Five comments discussed concerns related to potential increases in
driver distraction, inattention, and reduced vigilance with the use of
crash mitigation technologies. There is a need for research focused on
driver inattention while operating CMVs equipped with ADAS and ADS.
More data are needed to understand the prevalence of inattention when
using, and drivers' overreliance on, crash mitigation technologies.
This study is designed to gather data on these concerns in a safe
environment without putting the CMV driver and the general public at
risk. Results from this study will be used to develop training
materials and information that may reduce this risk.

Concerns With the Data Collection Efforts

    One comment focused on this study's proposed data collection
methodology. As mentioned in the Federal Register notice, each study
session will last approximately 4 hours. Although driver fatigue is an
important area of research, this study is focused on driver
distraction. However, driver fatigue may be observed in the study and
will be identified and documented via eye tracking technologies.
    Power analyses were performed to approximate the number of
participants needed to find statistically significant results (if
present). The sample included in this study was based on this power
analysis with additional participants to account for attrition.
However, the sample is a convenience sample, and there are no attempts
to say the sample is representative of the U.S. CMV industry.
Demographic information (e.g., gender, age, health, etc.) will be
collected and may be used to help control for potential confounding or
extraneous variables during the statistical analyses.

Support for the Study

    Three comments provided support for the study and provided
additional insights based on recent investigations or research.
Additional comments expressed the importance of focusing research on
higher levels of ADS (i.e., L4 or L5). Although FMCSA agrees much more
research and data are needed on more advanced ADS, some original
equipment manufacturers and developers of L2 and L3 vehicles are
deploying vehicles with lower levels of driver assistance or
automation. For example, L2 CMVs are available for purchase now.
Research is needed to understand how inattention affects performance in
vehicles with these levels of ADS and to ensure the safety of the CMV
driver and the general public.
    FMCSA agrees that distinguishing between features of L2 and L3
vehicles is important. This study focuses on both advanced driver
assistance features (via L2 vehicles) and the lowest level of ADS (via
L3 vehicles). Additional distinctions are provided in the supporting
documentation, and FMCSA will ensure that distinctions between
functionalities are included in the discussion of the results. To help
improve this clarity, FMCSA proposes to revise the study title to
include ADAS (in reference to the L2 sub study).
    Public Comments Invited: You are asked to comment on any aspect of
this information collection, including: (1) whether the proposed
collection is necessary for the performance of FMCSA's functions; (2)
the accuracy of the estimated burden; (3) ways for FMCSA to enhance the
quality, usefulness, and clarity of the collected information; and (4)
ways that the burden could be minimized without reducing the quality of
the collected information.

    Issued under the authority of 49 CFR 1.87.
Thomas P. Keane,
Associate Administrator, Office of Research and Registration.
[FR Doc. 2023-13366 Filed 6-22-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P


[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 121 (Wednesday, June 24, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 36406-36407]
[FR Doc No: 2015-15425]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

[Docket No. NHTSA-2015-0028; Notice 1]

Tireco, Inc., Receipt of Petition for Decision of Inconsequential
Noncompliance

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Receipt of Petition.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: Tireco, Inc. (Tireco) has determined that certain Milestar
brand replacement medium truck tires do not fully comply with paragraph
S6.5(j), and in some cases also paragraph S6.5(d), of Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 119, New Pneumatic Tires for
Vehicles with a GVWR of More Than 4,536 Kilograms (10,000 Pounds) and
Motorcycles. Tireco has filed an appropriate report dated February 5,
2015, pursuant to 49 CFR part 573, Defect and Noncompliance
Responsibility and Reports.

DATES: The closing date for comments on the petition is July 24, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written data,
views, and arguments on this petition. Comments must refer to the
docket and notice number cited at the beginning of this notice and
submitted by any of the following methods:
     Mail: Send comments by mail addressed to: U.S. Department
of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Deliver: Deliver comments by hand to: U.S. Department
of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. The
Docket Section is open on weekdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. except
Federal Holidays.
     Electronically: Submit comments electronically by: logging
onto the Federal Docket Management System (FDMS) Web site at http://www.regulations.gov/. Follow the online instructions for submitting
comments. Comments may also be faxed to<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    Comments must be written in the English language, and be no greater
than 15 pages in length, although there is no limit to the length of
necessary attachments to the comments. If comments are submitted in
hard copy form, please ensure that two copies are provided. If you wish
to receive confirmation that your comments were received, please
enclose a stamped, self-addressed postcard with the comments. Note that
all comments received will be posted without change to http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided.
    Documents submitted to a docket may be viewed by anyone at the
address and times given above. The documents may also be viewed on the
Internet at  http://www.regulations.gov by following the online
instructions for accessing the dockets. DOT's complete Privacy Act
Statement is available for review in the Federal Register published on
April 11, 2000, (65 FR 19477-78).
    The petition, supporting materials, and all comments received
before the close of business on the closing date indicated below will
be filed and will be considered. All comments and supporting materials
received after the closing date will also be filed and will be
considered to the extent possible. When the petition is granted or
denied, notice of the decision will be published in the Federal
Register pursuant to the authority indicated below.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    I. Tireco's Petition: Pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 30118(d) and 30120(h)
(see implementing rule at 49 CFR part 556), Tireco submitted a petition
for an exemption from the notification and remedy requirements of 49
U.S.C. Chapter 301 on the basis that this noncompliance is
inconsequential to motor vehicle safety. In a letter dated May 7, 2015,
Tireco also submitted a supplement to its petition.
    This notice of receipt of Tireco's petition is published under 49
U.S.C. 30118 and 30120 and does not represent any agency decision or
other exercise of judgment concerning the merits of the petition.
    II. Replacement Tires Involved: Affected are approximately 31,316
Milestar brand medium truck replacement tires that were imported by
Tireco and manufactured by Shandong Wanda Boto Tyre Co, LTD in China
between June 3, 2013 and January 25, 2015. Refer to Tireco's 49 CFR
part 573 report for detailed descriptions of the affected tires.
    III. Noncompliance: Tireco states that the subject tires do not
comply with paragraph S6.5(j) of FMVSS No. 119 because they are marked
the letter ``J'' instead of the letter ``L'' to designate the tire's
load range, or are not marked with any load range letter. In addition,
some of the affected tires also do not fully comply with paragraph
S6.5(d) of FMVSS No. 119 because, while the proper maximum load ratings
and pressures are specified correctly on the sidewalls for both single
and dual applications, both ratings are identified as ``DUAL.'' The
first rating should have been identified as ``SINGLE.''
    IV. Rule Text: Paragraph S6.5 of FMVSS No. 119 requires in
pertinent part:

    S6.5 Tire markings. Except as specified in this paragraph, each
tire shall be marked on each sidewall with the information specified
in paragraphs (a) through (j) of this section. The markings shall be
placed between the maximum section width (exclusive of sidewall
decorations or curb ribs) and the bead on at least one sidewall,
unless the maximum section width of the tire is located in an area
which is not more than one-fourth of the distance from the bead to
the shoulder of the tire. If the maximum section width falls within
that area, the markings shall appear between the bead and a point
one-half the distance from the bead to the shoulder of the tire, on
at least one sidewall. The markings shall be in letters and numerals
not less than 2 mm (0.078 inch) high and raised above or sunk below
the tire surface not less than 0.4 mm (0.015 inch), except that the
marking depth shall be not less than 0.25mm (0.010 inch) in the case
of motorcycle tires. The tire identification and the DOT symbol
labeling shall comply with part 574 of this chapter. Markings may
appear on only one sidewall and the entire sidewall area may be used
in the case of motorcycle tires and recreational, boat, baggage, and
special trailer tires. . . .

    (d) The maximum load rating and corresponding inflation pressure
of the tire, show as follows:
    (Mark on tires rated for single and dual load): Max load single
__kg (__lb) at __kPa (__psi) cold. Max load dual __kg (__lb) at
__kPa (__psi) cold.
    (Mark on tires rated only for single load): Max load __kg (__lb)
at __kPa (__psi) cold. . . .
    (j) The letter designating the tire load range.

    V. Summary of Tireco's Analyses: Tireco believes that the absence
of the load range marking on some of the subject tires causes little or
no risk of overloading of the tires by an end-user because the tires
are marked with the correct number of plies, the correct load index and
the correct maximum load values which Tireco believes provide
equivalent information. Tireco also states that it has found one
previous inconsequential noncompliance petition (see 79 FR 78562
(December 30, 2014)) in which the agency addressed the issue of a
missing load range marking and believes that the agency should apply
the same rationale in the case of the its petition.
    In the case of the subset of affected tires marked with the
incorrect load range letter ``J,'' Tireco believes there is no safety
consequence since the tires actually were designed and manufactured to
be stronger than load range ``J'' tires (which are constructed with two
fewer plies). Thus, there is no risk that the incorrect marking would
lead to overloading by an end-user. Moreover, the paper label attached
to each of the tires, which must remain attached until the time of
sale, contains the correct load range information, so there is little,
if any, possibility that a purchaser will be misled.
    In the case of the subset of affected tires that can be used in
single or dual configuration, Tireco believes that the fact that both
of the ratings were labeled as applicable to ``DUAL'' applications
cannot realistically create a safety problem. Particularly since the
tires are correctly marked with the correct maximum load capacity and
inflation pressure in accordance with The Tire and Rim Association 2014
Year Book. Tireco also believes that any prospective purchaser of these
tires, any operator of a truck equipped with these tires, and any tire
retailer would immediately recognize that the first rating, ``1800Kg
(3970LBS) AT 760 KPa (110 PSI) COLD,'' applies to the ``single''
configuration, and the second rating, ``1700Kg (3750LBS) AT 760 kPa
(110 PSI) COLD,'' applies to the ``dual'' configuration. Such persons
are fully aware that for all medium truck tires designed to be used in
both single and dual configurations, the maximum load and corresponding
pressure applicable to the single configuration is listed above the
information applicable to the dual configuration. Such persons also
would be aware that there could be no valid reason to have two
different maximum loads for the dual configuration, and thus would
immediately understand that the first load rating was meant to apply
when the tire was utilized in a single configuration. Moreover, since
the applicable inflation pressure is the same for both configurations,
there is no risk that the mismarking would cause an operator to
improperly inflate any of the tires. Tireco states that when a tire is
designed for use in both single and dual configurations, FMVSS No. 119
requires that compliance testing be conducted based on the higher, more
punishing tire load. Accordingly, Tireco believes that the tires will
perform safely in both configurations. Tireco also believes that this
principle was relied upon in grants of two similar petitions filed by
Michelin North America, Inc. See 71 FR 77092 (December 22, 2006) and 69
FR 62512 (October 26, 2004).
    In addition, Tireco stated its belief that all of tires covered by
this petition meet or exceed the performance requirements of FMVSS No.
119, as well as the other labeling requirements of the standard.
    Tireco is not aware of any crashes, injuries, customer complaints,
or field reports associated with the subject mislabelings.
    As soon as Tireco became aware of the noncompliance, it immediately
isolated the noncompliant inventory in Tireco's warehouses to prevent
any additional sales. Tireco will bring all of the noncompliant tires
into full compliance with the requirements of FMVSS No. 119, or else
the tires will be scrapped. Tireco also believes that the fabricating
manufacturer has corrected the molds at the manufacturing plant, so no
additional tires will be manufactured with the noncompliance.
    In summation, Tireco believes that the described noncompliance of
the subject tires is inconsequential to motor vehicle safety, and that
its petition, to exempt Tireco from providing recall notification of
noncompliance as required by 49 U.S.C. 30118 and remedying the recall
noncompliance as required by 49 U.S.C. 30120 should be granted.
    NHTSA notes that the statutory provisions (49 U.S.C. 30118(d) and
30120(h)) that permit manufacturers to file petitions for a
determination of inconsequentiality allow NHTSA to exempt manufacturers
only from the duties found in sections 30118 and 30120, respectively,
to notify owners, purchasers, and dealers of a defect or noncompliance
and to remedy the defect or noncompliance. Therefore, any decision on
this petition only applies to the subject tires that Tireco no longer
controlled at the time it determined that the noncompliance existed.
However, any decision on this petition does not relieve equipment
distributors and dealers of the prohibitions on the sale, offer for
sale, or introduction or delivery for introduction into interstate
commerce of the noncompliant tires under their control after Tireco
notified them that the subject noncompliance existed.

    Authority: (49 U.S.C. 30118, 30120: delegations of authority at
49 CFR 1.95 and 501.8).

Jeffrey Giuseppe,
Director, Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance.
[FR Doc. 2015-15425 Filed 6-23-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-59-P