(c) Recordkeeping and reporting.  (1) You must keep records to document that your exempted vehicle configurations meet all applicable requirements of this section.  Keep these records for at least eight years after you stop producing the exempted vehicle model.  We may review these records at any time.
   (2) You must also keep records of the individual exempted vehicles you produce, including the vehicle identification number and a description of the vehicle configuration.
   (3) Within 90 days after the end of each model year, you must send to the Designated Compliance Officer a report with the following information:
      (i) A description of each exempted vehicle configuration, including an explanation of why it qualifies for this exemption.
      (ii) The number of vehicles exempted for each vehicle configuration.
(d) Labeling.  You must include the following additional statement on the vehicle's emission control information label under §1037.135: "THIS VEHICLE WAS EXEMPTED UNDER 40 CFR 1037.631."

§1037.635 Glider kits.
Starting in model year 2018, §1037.601(a)(1) generally disallows the introduction into U.S. commerce of a new tractor or vocational vehicle (including a vehicle assembled from a glider kit) unless it has an engine that is certified to the standards that apply for the engine model year corresponding to the vehicle'sdate of manufacture.  For example, for a vehicle with a 2020 date of manufacture, the engine must meet the standards that apply for model year 2020.  Note that the engine may be from an earlier model year if the standards were identical.  This section describes an exemption from the certification requirement that applies for qualifying manufacturers.  Note that the Clean Air Act definition of "manufacturer" includes anyone who assembles motor vehicles, including entities that install engines in or otherwise complete assembly of glider kits.
(a) Vehicles conforming to the requirements of this section are exempt from the emission standards of this part.  Engines in such vehicles remain subject to the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 applicable for the engines' original model year, but are exempt from the standards of 40 CFR part 1036.
(b) You are eligible for an exemption under this section if you are a small manufacturer and you sold vehicles in 2014 under the the provisions of §1037.150(j).  You must notify us of your plans to use this exemption before you introduce exempt vehicles into U.S. commerce. In your notification, you must identify your annual sales of such vehicles for calendar years 2010 through 2014.
(c) In a given calendar year, you may sell up to 300 exempt vehicles under this section, or up to the highest annual sales volume you identify in paragraph (a) of this section, whichever is less.
(d) Identify the number of exempt vehicles you sold under this section for the year in your annual report under §1037.250,
(e) Include the following statement on the label required under §1037.135: "THIS VEHICLE'S ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1037.635."
(f)This exemption is valid for a given vehicle only if you meet all the requirements and conditions of this section that apply with respect to that vehicle.  Introducing such a vehicle into U.S. commerce without meeting all applicable requirements and conditions violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).
(g) Companies that are not small manufacturers may sell uncertified incomplete vhicles without engines to small manufactuerrs for the purpose of producing exempt vehicles under this section, subject to the provisions of §1037.622.

§ 1037.640  Variable vehicle speed limiters.
This section specifies provisions that apply for vehicle speed limiters (VSLs) that you model under §1037.520.  This does not apply for VSLs that you do not model under §1037.520.
(a) General.  The regulations of this part do not constrain how you may design VSLs for your vehicles.  For example, you may design your VSL to have a single fixed speed limit or a soft-top speed limit.  You may also design your VSL to expire after accumulation of a predetermined number of miles.  However, designs with soft tops or expiration features are subject to proration provisions under this section that do not apply to fixed VSLs that do not expire.
(b) Definitions. The following definitions apply for purposes of this section:
   (1) Default speed limit means the speed limit that normally applies for the vehicle, except as follows:
      (i) The default speed limit for adjustable VSLs must represent the speed limit that applies when the VSL is adjusted to its highest setting under paragraph (c) of this section.
      (ii) For VSLs with soft tops, the default speed does not include speeds possible only during soft-top operation.
      (iii) For expiring VSLs, the default does not include speeds that are possible only after expiration.
   (2) Soft-top speed limit means the highest speed limit that applies during soft-top operation.
   (3) Maximum soft-top duration means the maximum amount of time that a vehicle could operate above the default speed limit.
   (4) Certified VSL means a VSL configuration that applies when a vehicle is new and until it expires.
   (5) Expiration point means the mileage at which a vehicle's certified VSL expires (or the point at which tamper protections expire).
   (6) Effective speed limit has the meaning given in paragraph (d) of this section.
(c) Adjustments.  You may design your VSL to be adjustable; however, this may affect the value you use in the GEM.
   (1) Except as specified in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, any adjustments that can be made to the engine, vehicle, or their controls that change the VSL's actual speed limit are considered to be adjustable operating parameters.  Compliance is based on the vehicle being adjusted to the highest speed limit within this range.
   (2) The following adjustments are not adjustable parameters:
      (i) Adjustments made only to account for changing tire size or final drive ratio.
      (ii) Adjustments protected by encrypted controls or passwords.
      (iii) Adjustments possible only after the VSL's expiration point.
   (d) Effective speed limit.  (1) For VSLs without soft tops or expiration points that expire before 1,259,000 miles, the effective speed limit is the highest speed limit that results by adjusting the VSL or other vehicle parameters consistent with the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section.
   (2)  For VSLs with soft tops and/or expiration points, the effective speed limit is calculated as specified in this paragraph (d)(2), which is based on 10 hours of operation per day (394 miles per day for day cabs and 551 miles per day for sleeper cabs).  Note that this calculation assumes that a fraction of this operation is speed limited (3.9 hours and 252 miles for day cabs, and 7.3 hours and 474 miles for sleeper cabs).  Use the following equation to calculate the effective speed limit, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mph:
   Effective speed = ExF * [STF* STSL + (1-STF) * DSL] + (1-ExF)*65 mph
   Where:
   ExF = expiration point miles/1,259,000 miles
   STF = maximum number of allowable soft top operation hours per day / 3.9 hours for day cabs (or maximum miles per day / 252)
   STF = maximum number of allowable soft top operation hours per day / 7.3 hours for sleeper cabs (or maximum miles per day / 474)
   STSL = the soft top speed limit
   DSL = the default speed limit

§ 1037.645 In-use compliance with family emission limits (FELs).
You may ask us to apply a higher in-use FEL for certain in-use vehicles, subject to the provisions of this section.  Note that §1037.225 contains provisions related to changing FELs during a model year.
(a) Purpose.  This section is intended to address circumstances in which it is in the public interest to apply a higher in-use FEL based on forfeiting an appropriate number of emission credits.
(b) FELs.  We may apply higher in-use FELs to your vehicles as follows:
      (1) Where your vehicle family includes more than one sub-family with different FELs, we may apply a higher FEL within the family than was applied to the vehicle's configuration in your final ABT report.  For example, if your vehicle family included three sub-families with FELs of 200 g/ton-mile, 210 g/ton-mile, and 220 g/ton-mile, we may apply a 220 g/ton-mile in-use FEL to vehicles that were originally designated as part of the 200 g/ton-mile or 210 g/ton-mile sub-families.
      (2) Without regard to the number of sub-families in your certified vehicle family, we may specify new sub-families with higher FELs than were included in your final ABT report.  We may apply these higher FELs as in-use FELs for your vehicles.  For example, if your vehicle family included three sub-families with FELs of 200 g/ton-mile, 210 g/ton-mile, and 220 g/ton-mile, we may specify a new 230 g/ton-mile sub-family.
      (3) In specifying sub-families and in-use FELs, we would intend to accurately reflect the actual in-use performance of your vehicles, consistent with the specified testing and modeling provisions of this part.
(c) Equivalent families.  We may apply the higher FELs to other families in other model years if they used equivalent emission controls.
(d) Credit forfeiture.  Where we specify higher in-use FELs under this section, you must forfeit CO2 emission credits based on the difference between the in-use FEL and the otherwise applicable FEL.  Calculate the amount of credits to be forfeited using the applicable equation in §1037.705, by substituting the otherwise applicable FEL for the standard and the in-use FEL for the otherwise applicable FEL.
(e) Requests.  Submit your request to the Designated Compliance Officer.  Include the following in your request:
      (1) The vehicle family name, model year, and name/description of the configuration(s) affected.
      (2) A list of other vehicle families/configurations/model years that may be affected.
      (3) The otherwise applicable FEL for each configuration along with your recommendations for higher in-use FELs.
      (4) Your source of credits for forfeiture.
(f) Relation to recall.  You may not request higher in-use FELs for any vehicle families for which we have made a determination of nonconformance and ordered a recall.  You may, however, make such requests for vehicle families for which you are performing a voluntary emission recall.
(g) Approval.  We may approve your request if we determine that you meet the requirements of this section and such approval is in the public interest.  We may include appropriate conditions with our approval or we may approve your request with modifications.

§ 1037.650  Tire manufacturers.
This section describes how the requirements of this part apply with respect to tire manufacturers that choose to provide test data or emission warranties for purposes of this part.
(a) Testing.  You are responsible as follows for test tires and emission test results that you provide to vehicle manufacturers for the purpose of the manufacturer submitting them to EPA for certification under this part:
(1) Such test results are deemed under §1037.825 to be submissions to EPA.  This means that you may be subject to criminal penalties under 18 U.S.C. 1001 if you knowingly submit false test results to the manufacturer.
(2) You may not cause a vehicle manufacturer to violate the regulations by rendering inaccurate emission test results you provide (or emission test results from testing of test tires you provide) to the vehicle manufacturer.
(3) Your provision of test tires and emission test results to vehicle manufacturers for the purpose of certifying under this part is deemed to be an agreement to provide tires to EPA for confirmatory testing under §1037.201.
(b) Warranty.  You may contractually agree to process emission warranty claims on behalf of the manufacturer certifying the vehicle with respect to tires you produce.
(1) Your fulfillment of the warranty requirements of this part is deemed to fulfill the vehicle manufacturer's warranty obligations under this part with respect to tires you warrant.
(2) You may not cause a vehicle manufacturer to violate the regulations by failing to fulfill the emission warranty requirements that you contractually agreed to fulfill.

§ 1037.655  Post-useful life vehicle modifications.
This section specifies vehicle modifications that may occur in some but not all circumstances after a vehicle reaches the end of its regulatory useful life.  It does not apply with respect to modifications that occur within the useful life period.  It also does not apply with respect to engine modifications or recalibrations.  Note that many such modifications to the vehicle during the useful life and to the engine at any time are presumed to violate 42 U.S.C 7522(a)(3)(A).
(a)  General.  Except as allowed by this section, it is prohibited for any person to remove or render inoperative any emission control device installed to comply with the requirements of this part 1037.
(b)  Allowable modifications.  You may modify a vehicle for the purpose of reducing emissions, provided you have a reasonable technical basis for knowing that such modification will not increase emissions of any other pollutant.  Reasonable technical basis has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.  This generally requires you to have information that would lead an engineer or other person familiar with engine and vehicle design and function to reasonably believe that the modifications will not increase emissions of any regulated pollutant.
(c) Examples of allowable modifications.  The following are examples of allowable modifications:
    (1) It is generally allowable to remove tractor roof fairings after the end of the vehicle's useful life if the vehicle will no longer be used primarily to pull box trailers.
    (2) Other fairings may be removed after the end of the vehicle's useful life if the vehicle will no longer be used significantly on highways with vehicle speed of 55 miles per hour or higher.
(d) Examples of prohibited modifications.  The following are examples of modifications that are not allowable:
    (1)  No person may disable a vehicle speed limiter prior to its expiration point.
    (2)  No person may remove aerodynamic fairings from tractors that are used primarily to pull box trailers on highways.

§ 1037.660 Automatic engine shutdown systems.
This section specifies requirements that apply for certified automatic engine shutdown (AES) systems modeled under § 1037.520. It does not apply for AES systems you do not model under § 1037.520.
(a) Minimum requirements. Your AES system must meet all of the requirements of this paragraph (a) to be modeled under §1037.520.  The system must shut down the engine within 300 seconds when all the following conditions are met:
    (1) The transmission is set in neutral with the parking brake engaged (or the transmission is set to park if so equipped).
    (2) The operator has not reset the system timer within the 300 seconds by changing the position of the accelerator, brake, or clutch pedal; or by some other mechanism we approve.
    (3) None of the override conditions of paragraph (b) of this section are met.
(b) Override conditions.  The system may delay shutting the engine down while any of the conditions of this paragraph (b) apply.  Engines equipped with auto restart may restart during override conditions.  Note that these conditions allow the system to delay shutdown or restart, but do not allow it to reset the timer.  The system may delay shutdown --
    (1) While an exhaust emission control device is regenerating.  The period considered to be regeneration for purposes of this allowance must be consistent with good engineering judgment and may differ in length from the period considered to be regeneration for other purposes.  For example, in some cases it may be appropriate to include a cool down period for this purpose but not for infrequent regeneration adjustment factors.
    (2)  If necessary while servicing the vehicle, provided the deactivation of the AES system is accomplished using a diagnostic scan tool.  The system must be automatically reactivated when the engine is shutdown for more than 60 minutes.
    (3)  If the vehicle's main battery state-of-charge is not sufficient to allow the main engine to be restarted.
    (4) If the external ambient temperature reaches a level below which or above which the cabin temperature cannot be maintained within reasonable heat or cold exposure threshold limit values for the health and safety of the operator (not merely comfort).
    (5) If the vehicle's engine coolant temperature is too low according to the manufacturer's engine protection guidance.  This may also apply for fuel or oil temperatures.  This allows the engine to continue operating until it reaches a predefined temperature at which the shutdown sequence of paragraph (a) of this section would resume.
    (6) The system may delay shutdown while the vehicle's main engine is operating in power take-off (PTO) mode.  For purposes of this paragraph (b)(6), an engine is considered to be in PTO mode when a switch or setting designating PTO mode is enabled.
   (c) Adjustments to AES systems. (1)  The AES system may include an expiration point (in miles) after which the AES system may be disabled. If your vehicle is equipped with an AES system that expires before 1,259,000 miles, adjust the model input as follows, rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/ton-mile: AES Input = 5 g CO2/ton-mile x (miles at expiration/1,259,000 miles)
   (2) For AES systems designed to limit idling to a specific number of hours less than 1,800 hours over any 12-month period, calculate an adjusted AES input using the following equation, rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/ton-mile: AES Input = 5 g CO2/ton-mile x (1 - (maximum allowable number of idling hours per year/1,800 hours)). This is an annual allowance that starts when the vehicle is new and resets every 12 months after that.  Manufacturers may propose an alternative method based on operating hours or miles instead of years.
(d) Adjustable parameters.  Provisions that apply generally with respect to adjustable parameters also apply to the AES system operating parameters, except the following are not considered to be adjustable parameters:
   (1) Accelerator, brake, and clutch pedals, with respect to resetting the idle timer.  Parameters associated with other timer reset mechanisms we approve are also not adjustable parameters.
   (2) Bypass parameters allowed for vehicle service under paragraph (b)(2) of this section.
   (3) Parameters that are adjustable only after the expiration point.

§1037.665 In-use tractor testing.
Manufacturers with U.S.-directed production volumes of greater than 20,000 tractors must perform in-use testing as described in this section.
(a) The following test requirements apply for calendar years 2020 through 2027:
   (1) Each year, select for testing three sleeper cabs and two day cabs certified to Phase 1 or Phase 2 standards.  If we do not identify certain vehicle configurations for your testing, select models that you project to be among your 12 highest-selling vehicle configurations for the given year.
   (2) Set up the tractors on a chassis dynamometer and operate them over all applicable duty cycles from §1037.510(a).  Use standard payload.  Measure emissions of NOx, PM, CO, NMHC, CO2, CH4, and N2O.  Determine emission levels in g/hour for the idle test and g/ton-mile for other duty cycles.
(b) We may require that you continue testing in 2028 and later.
(c) Send us an annual report with your test results for each duty cycle and the corresponding GEM results.  We may make your test data publicly available.

Subpart H -- Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification
§ 1037.701  General provisions.
(a) You may average, bank, and trade (ABT) emission credits for purposes of certification as described in this subpart and in subpart B of this part to show compliance with the standards of §§1037.105 through 1037.107.  Participation in this program is voluntary.  The provisions of 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, apply instead of the provisions of this subpart for showing compliance with the evaporative and refueling emission standards specified in §1037.103.
(b) The definitions of Subpart I of this part apply to this subpart.  The following definitions also apply:
   (1) Actual emission credits means emission credits you have generated that we have verified by reviewing your final report.
   (2) Averaging set means a set of vehicles in which emission credits may be exchanged.  Credits generated by one vehicle may only be used by other vehicles in the same averaging set.  Note that an averaging set may comprise more than one regulatory subcategory.  See §1037.740.
   (3) Broker means any entity that facilitates a trade of emission credits between a buyer and seller.
   (4) Buyer means the entity that receives emission credits as a result of a trade.
   (5) Reserved emission credits means emission credits you have generated that we have not yet verified by reviewing your final report.
   (6) Seller means `the entity that provides emission credits during a trade.
   (7) Standard means the emission standard that applies under subpart B of this part for vehicles not participating in the ABT program of this subpart.
   (8) Trade means to exchange emission credits, either as a buyer or seller.
(c) Emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set as specified in §1037.740.
(d) You may not use emission credits generated under this subpart to offset any emissions that exceed an FEL or standard, except as allowed by §1037.645.
(e) You may use either of the following approaches to retire or forego emission credits:
   (1) You may trade emission credits generated from any number of your vehicles to the vehicle purchasers or other parties to retire the credits.  Identify any such credits in the reports described in §1037.730.  Vehicles must comply with the applicable FELs even if you donate or sell the corresponding emission credits under this paragraph (e).  Those credits may no longer be used by anyone to demonstrate compliance with any EPA emission standards.
   (2) You may certify a family using an FEL below the emission standard as described in this part and choose not to generate emission credits for that family.  If you do this, you do not need to calculate emission credits for those families and you do not need to submit or keep the associated records described in this subpart for that family.
(f) Emission credits may be used in the model year they are generated.  Surplus emission credits may be banked for future model years.  Surplus emission credits may sometimes be used for past model years, as described in §1037.745.
(g) You may increase or decrease an FEL during the model year by amending your application for certification under §1037.225.  The new FEL may apply only to vehicles you have not already introduced into commerce.
(h) See §1037.740 for special credit provisions that apply for credits generated under §1037.104(d)(7), §1037.615 or 40 CFR 1036.615.
(i) Unless the regulations explicitly allow it, you may not calculate credits more than once for any emission reduction.  For example, if you generate CO2 emission credits for a given hybrid vehicle under this part, no one may generate CO2 emission credits for the hybrid engine under 40 CFR part 1036.  However, credits could be generated for identical engine used in vehicles that did not generate credits under this part.
(j) You may use emission credits generated under the Phase 1 standards when certifying vehicles to Phase 2 standards.  No credit adjustments are required.

§ 1037.705  Generating and calculating emission credits.
(a) The provisions of this section apply separately for calculating emission credits for each pollutant.
(b) For each participating family or subfamily, calculate positive or negative emission credits relative to the otherwise applicable emission standard.  Calculate positive emission credits for a family or subfamily that has an FEL below the standard.  Calculate negative emission credits for a family or subfamily that has an FEL above the standard.  Sum your positive and negative credits for the model year before rounding.  Round the sum of emission credits to the nearest megagram (Mg), using consistent units with the following equation:
      Emission credits (Mg) = (Std - FEL) ∙ (PL) ∙ (Volume) ∙ (UL) ∙ (10[-6])
      Where:
      Std = the emission standard associated with the specific regulatory subcategory (g/ton-mile).
      FEL = the family emission limit for the vehicle subfamily (g/ton-mile).
      PL = standard payload, in tons.
      Volume = U.S.-directed production volume of the vehicle subfamily.  For example, if you produce three configurations with the same FEL, the subfamily production volume would be the sum of the production volumes for these three configurations.
      UL = useful life of the vehicle, in miles, as described in §1037.105 and §1037.106.  Use 250,000 miles for trailers.
(c) As described in §1037.730, compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined at the end of the model year based on actual U.S.-directed production volumes.  Keep appropriate records to document these production volumes.  Do not include any of the following vehicles to calculate emission credits:
   (1) Vehicles that you do not certify to the CO2 standards of this part because they are permanently exempted under subpart G of this part or under 40 CFR part 1068.
   (2) Exported vehicles.
   (3) Vehicles not subject to the requirements of this part, such as those excluded under §1037.5.
   (4) Any other vehicles, where we indicate elsewhere in this part 1037 that they are not to be included in the calculations of this subpart.

§ 1037.710  Averaging.
(a) Averaging is the exchange of emission credits among your vehicle families.  You may average emission credits only within the same averaging set.
(b) You may certify one or more vehicle families (or subfamilies) to an FEL above the applicable standard, subject to any applicable FEL caps and other provisions in subpart B of this part, if you show in your application for certification that your projected balance of all emission-credit transactions in that model year is greater than or equal to zero or that a negative balance is allowed under §1037.745.
(c) If you certify a vehicle family to an FEL that exceeds the otherwise applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits to offset the vehicle family's deficit by the due date for the final report required in §1037.730.  The emission credits used to address the deficit may come from your other vehicle families that generate emission credits in the same model year (or from later model years as specified in §1037.745), from emission credits you have banked from previous model years, or from emission credits generated in the same or previous model years that you obtained through trading.  Note that the option for using banked or traded credits does not apply for trailers.

§ 1037.715  Banking.
(a) Banking is the retention of surplus emission credits by the manufacturer generating the emission credits for use in future model years for averaging or trading.  Note that §1037.107 does not allow banking for trailers.
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the reports you submit under §1037.730 as reserved credits.  During the model year and before the due date for the final report, you may designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
(c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit your final report.  However, we may revoke these emission credits if we are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your records.
(d) Banked credits retain the designation of the averaging set in which they were generated.

§ 1037.720  Trading.
(a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between manufacturers, or the transfer of credits to another party to retire them.  You may use traded emission credits for averaging, banking, or further trading transactions.  Traded emission credits remain subject to the averaging-set restrictions based on the averaging set in which they were generated.  Note that §1037.107 does not allow trading for trailers.
(b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this subpart.  You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may revoke these emission credits based on our review of your records or reports or those of the company with which you traded emission credits.  You may trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying manufacturer.
(c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we deem to involve fraud.  See §1037.255(e) for cases involving fraud.  We may void the certificates of all vehicle families participating in a trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of emission credits.  See §1037.745.

§ 1037.725  What must I include in my application for certification?
(a) You must declare in your application for certification your intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each vehicle family that will be certified using the ABT program.  You must also declare the FELs you select for the vehicle family or subfamily for each pollutant for which you are using the ABT program.  Your FELs must comply with the specifications of subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps.  FELs must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the applicable standards.
(b) Include the following in your application for certification:
   (1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all emission credits are calculated at the end of the year; or a statement that you will have a negative balance of emission credits for one or more averaging sets but that it is allowed under §1037.745.
   (2) Calculations of projected emission credits (positive or negative) based on projected U.S.-directed production volumes.  We may require you to include similar calculations from your other vehicle families to project your net credit balances for the model year.  If you project negative emission credits for a family or subfamily, state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to offset the negative emission credits.

§ 1037.730  ABT reports.
(a) If any of your vehicle families are certified using the ABT provisions of this subpart, you must send a final report within 90 days after the end of the model year.  You may ask us to extend the deadline for the final report by up to 30 days.
(b) Your final report must include the following information for each vehicle family participating in the ABT program:
   (1) Vehicle-family and subfamily designations, and averaging set.
   (2) The regulatory subcategory and emission standards that would otherwise apply to the vehicle family.
   (3) The FEL for each pollutant.  If you change the FEL after the start of production, identify the date that you started using the new FEL and/or give the vehicle identification number for the first vehicle covered by the new FEL.  In this case, identify each applicable FEL and calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in §1037.225.
   (4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for the model year. If you changed an FEL during the model year, identify the actual U.S.-directed production volume associated with each FEL.
   (5) Useful life.
   (6) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole vehicle family.  Identify any emission credits that you traded, as described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
   (7) If you have a negative credit balance for the averaging set in the given model year, specify whether the vehicle family (or certain subfamilies with the vehicle family) have a credit deficit for the year.  Consider for example, a manufacturer with three vehicle families ("A", "B", and "C") in a given averaging set.  If family A generates enough credits to offset the negative credits of family B but not enough to also offset the negative credits of family C (and the manufacturer has no banked credits in the averaging set), the manufacturer may designate families A and B as having no deficit for the model year, provided it designates family C as having a deficit for the model year.
(c) Your final report must include the following additional information:
   (1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your participating vehicle families in each averaging set in the applicable model year is not negative, except as allowed under §1037.745.  Your credit tracking must account for the limitation on credit life under §1037.40(c).
   (2) State whether you will retain any emission credits for banking. If you choose to retire emission credits that would otherwise be eligible for banking, identify the families that generated the emission credits, including the number of emission credits from each family.
   (3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
   (4) Identify the technologies that make up the certified configuration associated with each vehicle identification number.  You may identify this as a range of values for vehicles involving a single, identical certified configuration.
(d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within 90 days after the transaction, as follows:
	(1) As the seller, you must include the following information in your report:
      (i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
      (ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
      (iii) The vehicle families that generated emission credits for the trade, including the number of emission credits from each family.
   (2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in your report:
      (i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
      (ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
      (iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the number of emission credits you intend to apply to each vehicle family (if known).
(e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance Officer using an approved information format.  If you want to use a different format, send us a written request with justification for a waiver.
(f) Correct errors in your final report as follows:
   (1) If you or we determine before the due date for the final report that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of emission credits.  You may not make these corrections for errors that are determined after the due date for the final report.  If you report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow corrections under this paragraph (f)(1).
   (2) If you or we determine anytime that errors mistakenly increased your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors and recalculate the balance of emission credits.

§ 1037.735  Recordkeeping.
(a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
(b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight years after the due date for the final report.  You may not use emission credits for any vehicles if you do not keep all the records required under this section.  You must therefore keep these records to continue to bank valid credits.
(c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in §§1037.725 and 1037.730.
(d) Keep records of the vehicle identification number for each vehicle you produce.  You may identify these numbers as a range.  If you change the FEL after the start of production, identify the date you started using each FEL and the range of vehicle identification numbers associated with each FEL.  You must also identify the purchaser and destination for each vehicle you produce to the extent this information is available.
(e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us relevant information not required by this section in accordance with the Clean Air Act.

§ 1037.740  Restrictions for using emission credits.
The following restrictions apply for using emission credits:
(a) Averaging sets. Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, emission credits may be exchanged only within an averaging set.  The following principal averaging sets apply for vehicles subject to this subpart:
   (1) Class 2b through 5 vehicles that are subject to the standards of §1037.105.
   (2) Class 6 and 7 vehicles.
   (3) Class 8 vehicles.(4) Long box vans.
   (5) Short box vans.
   (6) Long refrigerated vans.
   (7) Short refrigerated vans.
   (8) Note that other separate averaging sets also apply for emission credits not related to this part.  For example, vehicles certified to the greenhouse gas standards of 40 CFR 86.1819 comprise a single averaging set.  Separate averaging sets also apply for engines under 40 CFR part 1036, including engines used in vehicles subject to this subpart.
(b) Credits from hybrid vehicles and other advanced technologies.  Credits you generate under §1037.615 in Phase 1 may be used for any of the averaging sets identified in paragraph (a) of this section; you may also use those credits to demonstrate compliance with the CO2 emission standards in 40 CFR 86.1819 and 40 CFR part 1036.  Similarly, you may use advanced-technology credits generated under 40 CFR 86.1819-14(d)(7) or 40 CFR 1036.615 to demonstrate compliance with the CO2 standards in this part.
   (1) The maximum amount of credits you may bring into the following service class groups is 60,000 Mg per model year:
      (i) Spark-ignition engines, light heavy-duty compression-ignition engines, and light heavy-duty vehicles.  This group comprises the averaging set listed in paragraphs (a)(1) of this section and the averaging set listed in 40 CFR 1036.740(a)(1) and (2).
      (ii) Medium heavy-duty compression-ignition engines and medium heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the averaging sets listed in paragraph (a)(2) of this section and 40 CFR 1036.740(a)(3).
      (iii) Heavy heavy-duty compression-ignition engines and heavy heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the averaging sets listed in paragraph (a)(3) of this section and 40 CFR 1036.740(a)(4).
   (2) Paragraph (b)(1) of this section does not limit the advanced technology credits that can be used within a service class group if they were generated in that same service class group.
(c) Credit life.  Credits may be used only for five model years after the year in which they are generated.  For example, credits you generate in model year 2018 may be used to demonstrate compliance with emission standards only through model year 2023.
(d) Other restrictions.  Other sections of this part specify additional restrictions for using emission credits under certain special provisions.

§ 1037.745  End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.
Except as allowed by this section, we may void the certificate of any vehicle family certified to an FEL above the applicable standard for which you do not have sufficient credits by the deadline for submitting the final report.
(a)  Your certificate for a vehicle family for which you do not have sufficient CO2 credits will not be void if you remedy the deficit with surplus credits within three model years.  For example, if you have a credit deficit of 500 Mg for a vehicle family at the end of model year 2015, you must generate (or otherwise obtain) a surplus of at least 500 Mg in that same averaging set by the end of model year 2018.
(b) You may not bank or trade away CO2 credits in the averaging set in any model year in which you have a deficit.
(c) You may apply only surplus credits to your deficit.  You may not apply credits to a deficit from an earlier model year if they were generated in a model year for which any of your vehicle families for that averaging set had an end-of-year credit deficit.
(d) If you do not remedy the deficit with surplus credits within three model years, we may void your certificate for that vehicle family.  Note that voiding a certificate applies ab initio.  Where the net deficit is less than the total amount of negative credits originally generated by the family, we will void the certificate only with respect to the number of vehicles needed to reach the amount of the net deficit.  For example, if the original vehicle family generated 500 Mg of negative credits, and the manufacturer's net deficit after three years was 250 Mg, we would void the certificate with respect to half of the vehicles in the family.
(e) For purposes of calculating the statute of limitations, the following actions are all considered to occur at the expiration of the deadline for offsetting a deficit as specified in paragraph (a) of this section:
   (1) Failing to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this section.
   (2) Failing to satisfy the conditions upon which a certificate was issued relative to offsetting a deficit.
   (3) Selling, offering for sale, introducing or delivering into U.S. commerce, or importing vehicles that are found not to be covered by a certificate as a result of failing to offset a deficit.

§ 1037.750  What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of this subpart?
(a) For each vehicle family participating in the ABT program, the certificate of conformity is conditioned upon full compliance with the provisions of this subpart during and after the model year.  You are responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with applicable requirements.  We may void the certificate of conformity for a vehicle family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this subpart.
(b) You may certify your vehicle family or subfamily to an FEL above an applicable standard based on a projection that you will have enough emission credits to offset the deficit for the vehicle family.  See §1037.745 for provisions specifying what happens if you cannot show in your final report that you have enough actual emission credits to offset a deficit for any pollutant in a vehicle family.
(c) We may void the certificate of conformity for a vehicle family if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we request.  Note that failing to keep records, send reports, or give us information we request is also a violation of 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(2).
(d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under this section (see §1037.820).

§ 1037.755  Information provided to the Department of Transportation.
After receipt of each manufacturer's final report as specified in §1037.730 and completion of any verification testing required to validate the manufacturer's submitted final data, we will issue a report to the Department of Transportation with CO2 emission information and will verify the accuracy of each manufacturer's equivalent fuel consumption data required by NHTSA under 49 CFR 535.8.  We will send a report to DOT for each vehicle manufacturer based on each regulatory category and subcategory, including sufficient information for NHTSA to determine fuel consumption and associated credit values.  See 49 CFR 535.8 to determine if NHTSA deems submission of this information to EPA to also be a submission to NHTSA.

Subpart I -- Definitions and Other Reference Information
§ 1037.801  Definitions.
The following definitions apply to this part.  The definitions apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise.  All undefined terms have the meaning the Act gives to them.  The definitions follow:
	A to B testing means testing performed in pairs to allow comparison of two vehicles or other test articles.  Back-to-back tests are performed on Article A and Article B, changing only the variable(s) of interest for the two tests.
	Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q.
	Adjustable parameter means any device, system, or element of design that someone can adjust (including those which are difficult to access) and that, if adjusted, may affect measured or modeled emissions (as applicable).  You may ask us to exclude a parameter that is difficult to access if it cannot be adjusted to affect emissions without significantly degrading vehicle performance, or if you otherwise show us that it will not be adjusted in a way that affects emissions during in-use operation.
	Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight means the numerical average of vehicle curb weight and GVWR.
	Advanced technology means vehicle technology certified under 40 CFR 86.1819-14(d)(7), 40 CFR 1036.615, or §1037.615.
	Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted downstream of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function is to decrease emissions in the vehicle exhaust before it is exhausted to the environment.  Exhaust-gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers are not aftertreatment.
Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel more than 100 feet off the ground.
	Alcohol-fueled vehicle means a vehicle that is designed to run using an alcohol fuel.  For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by volume.
Alternative fuel conversion has the meaning given for clean alternative fuel conversion in 40 CFR 85.502.
Ambulance has the meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803.
Amphibious vehicle means a motor vehicle that is also designed for operation on water.
Automatic tire inflation system means a system installed on a vehicle to keep each load-bearing tire inflated to within 10 percent of the target value with no operator input.
	Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, motive speed, engine rpm, transmission gear, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
	Averaging set has the meaning given in §1037.701.
Basic vehicle frontal area means the area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle along the longitudinal axis onto a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, including tires but excluding mirrors and air deflectors.
	Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific to a particular design, version, or application of a component or assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range.
	Carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE) has the meaning given in 40 CFR 600.002.  Note that CREE represents the combined mass of carbon emitted as HC, CO, and CO2, expressed as having a molecular weight equal to that of CO2.
	Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data generated from an earlier model year.
	Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a certificate of conformity for a vehicle family that complies with the emission standards and requirements in this part.
	Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission level in a vehicle subfamily for a given pollutant from either transient or steady-state testing.
	Class means relating to GVWR classes, as follows:
(1) Class 2b means heavy-duty motor vehicles at or below 10,000 pounds GVWR.
(2) Class 3 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 10,000 pounds GVWR but at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.
(3) Class 4 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR but at or below 16,000 pounds GVWR.
(4) Class 5 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 16,000 pounds GVWR but at or below 19,500 pounds GVWR.
(5) Class 6 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 19,500 pounds GVWR but at or below 26,000 pounds GVWR.
(6) Class 7 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 26,000 pounds GVWR but at or below 33,000 pounds GVWR.
(7) Class 8 means heavy-duty motor vehicles above 33,000 pounds GVWR.
   Complete vehicle has the meaning given in the definition of vehicle in this section.
	Compression-ignition has the meaning given in §1037.101
	Date of manufacture means the date on which the certifying vehicle manufacturer completes its manufacturing operations, except as follows:
(1) Where the certificate holder is an engine manufacturer that does not manufacture the chassis, the date of manufacture of the vehicle is based on the date assembly of the vehicle is completed.
(2) We may approve an alternate date of manufacture based on the date on which the certifying (or primary) manufacturer completes assembly at the place of main assembly, consistent with the provisions of §1037.601 and 49 CFR 567.4.
	Day cab means a type of tractor cab that is not a sleeper cab or a heavy-haul tractor cab.
	Designated Compliance Officer means one of the following:
(1) For compression-ignition engines, Designated Compliance Officer means Director, Diesel Engine Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(2) For spark-ignition engines, Designated Compliance Officer means Director, Gasoline Engine Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>	Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official emission result of the emission-data vehicle.  Note that where no deterioration factor applies, references in this part to the deteriorated emission level mean the official emission result.
	Deterioration factor means the relationship between the highest emissions during the useful life and emissions at the low-hour test point, expressed in one of the following ways:
(1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of the highest emissions to emissions at the low-hour test point.
(2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between the highest emissions and emissions at the low-hour test point.
	Driver model means an automated controller that simulates a person driving a vehicle.
Dual-fuel means relating to a vehicle or engine designed for operation on two different fuels but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels.  For purposes of this part, such a vehicle or engine remains a dual-fuel vehicle or engine even if it is designed for operation on three or more different fuels.
	Electric vehicle means a vehicle that does not include an engine, and is powered solely by an external source of electricity and/or solar power.  Note that this does not include electric hybrid or fuel-cell vehicles that use a chemical fuel such as gasoline, diesel fuel, or hydrogen.  Electric vehicles may also be referred to as all-electric vehicles to distinguish them from hybrid vehicles.
Emergency vehicle means a vehicle that is an ambulance or a fire truck.
	Emission control system means any device, system, or element of design that controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from a vehicle.
	Emission-data vehicle means a vehicle that is tested for certification.  This includes vehicle tested to establish deterioration factors.
	Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission deterioration.
	Excluded means relating to vehicles that are not subject to some or all of the requirements of this part as follows:
(1) A vehicle that has been determined not to be a "motor vehicle" is excluded from this part.
(2) Certain vehicles are excluded from the requirements of this part under §1037.5.
(3) Specific regulatory provisions of this part may exclude a vehicle generally subject to this part from one or more specific standards or requirements of this part.
	Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
	Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission standard under the ABT program in subpart H of this part.  The family emission limit must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard it replaces.  Note that an FEL may apply as a "subfamily" emission limit.
Final drive ratio means the dimensionless number representing the angular speed of the transmission output shaft divided by the angular speed of the drive axle.
Fire truck has the meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803.
Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on any mixture of two or more different fuels.
	Fuel system means all components involved in transporting, metering, and mixing the fuel from the fuel tank to the combustion chamber(s), including the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filters, fuel lines, carburetor or fuel-injection components, and all fuel-system vents.  It also includes components for controlling evaporative emissions, such as fuel caps, purge valves, and carbon canisters.
	Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as diesel fuel or natural gas.  There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, such as high-sulfur or low-sulfur diesel fuel.
Gaseous fuel means a fuel that has a boiling point below 20 °C.
Gear ratio means the angular velocity of the input gear divided by the angular velocity of the output gear.
Glider kit means any of the following:
(1) A new vehicle that is incomplete because it lacks an engine, transmission, or axle.
(2) A new vehicle produced with a used engine (including a rebuilt or remanufactured engine).
(3) Any other new equipment that is intended to become a motor vehicle with a previously used engine (including a rebuilt or remanufactured engine).
Glider vehicle means a new vehicle produced with a used engine.
Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.  See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate good engineering judgment.
Gross axle weight rating (GAWR) means  the value specified by the vehicle manufacturer as the maximum weight of a loaded axle or set of axles, consistent with good engineering judgment.
	Gross combination weight rating (GCWR) means the value specified by the vehicle manufacturer as the maximum weight of a loaded vehicle and trailer, consistent with good engineering judgment.  For example, compliance with SAE J2807 is generally considered to be consistent with good engineering judgment, especially for Class 3 and smaller vehicles.
	Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the vehicle manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single vehicle, consistent with good engineering judgment.
	Heavy-duty engine means any engine used for (or for which the engine manufacturer could reasonably expect to be used for) motive power in a heavy-duty vehicle.
	Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle that has a GVWR above 8,500 pounds, a curb weight above 6,000 pounds, or a basic vehicle frontal area greater than 45 square feet.
Heavy-haul tractor means a tractor with GCWR above 120,000 pounds, a total gear reduction greater than or equal to 57:1, and a frame Resisting Bending Moment at or above 2,000,000 in-lbs per rail, or per rail and liner combination.  Total gear reduction is the transmission gear ratio in the lowest gear multiplied by the drive axle ratio.  A heavy-haul tractor is not a vocational tractor.
	Hybrid engine or hybrid powertrain means an engine or powertrain that includes energy storage features other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel.  Supplemental electrical batteries and hydraulic accumulators are examples of hybrid energy storage systems.  Note that certain provisions in this part treat hybrid engines and powertrains intended for vehicles that include regenerative braking different than those intended for vehicles that do not include regenerative braking.
	Hybrid vehicle means a vehicle that includes energy storage features (other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel) in addition to an internal combustion engine or other engine using consumable chemical fuel.  Supplemental electrical batteries and hydraulic accumulators are examples of hybrid energy storage systems  Note that certain provisions in this part treat hybrid vehicles that include regenerative braking different than those that do not include regenerative braking.
	Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission standards are based for each fuel type.  For alcohol-fueled vehicles, HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE) for exhaust emissions and total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE) for evaporative emissions.  For all other vehicles, HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) for exhaust emissions and total hydrocarbon (THC) for evaporative emissions.
	Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to distinguish a particular vehicle from other similar vehicles.
	Incomplete vehicle has the meaning given in the definition of vehicle in this section.
	Innovative technology means technology certified under §1037.610.
	Light-duty truck means any motor vehicle rated at or below 8,500 pounds GVWR with a curb weight at or below 6,000 pounds and basic vehicle frontal area at or below 45 square feet, which is:
(1) Designed primarily for purposes of transportation of property or is a derivation of such a vehicle; or
(2) Designed primarily for transportation of persons and has a capacity of more than 12 persons; or
(3) Available with special features enabling off-street or off-highway operation and use.
	Light-duty vehicle means a passenger car or passenger car derivative capable of seating 12 or fewer passengers.
	Low-mileage means relating to a vehicle with stabilized emissions and represents the undeteriorated emission level.  This would generally involve approximately 4000 miles of operation.
	Low rolling resistance tire means a tire on a vocational vehicle with a TRRL at or below of 7.7 kg/metric ton, a steer tire on a tractor with a TRRL at or below 7.7 kg/metric ton, or a drive tire on a tractor with a TRRL at or below 8.1 kg/metric ton.
	Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of designing, constructing, and/or assembling a vehicle.
	Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act.  In general, this term includes any person who manufactures or assembles a vehicle for sale in the United States or otherwise introduces a new motor vehicle into commerce in the United States.  This includes importers who import vehicles or vehicles for resale and entities that assemble glider kits.
	Medium-duty passenger vehicle (MDPV) has the meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803.
	Model year means the manufacturer's annual new model production period, except as restricted under this definition and 40 CFR part 85, subpart X.  It must include January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is named, may not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar year, and it must end by December 31 of the named calendar year.
(1) The manufacturer who holds the certificate of conformity for the vehicle must assign the model year based on the date when its manufacturing operations are completed relative to its annual model year period.  In unusual circumstances where completion of your assembly is delayed, we may allow you to assign a model year one year earlier, provided it does not affect which regulatory requirements will apply.
 (2) Unless a vehicle is being shipped to a secondary manufacturer that will hold the certificate of conformity, the model year must be assigned prior to introduction of the vehicle into U.S. commerce.  The certifying manufacturer must redesignate the model year if it does not complete its manufacturing operations within the originally identified model year.  A vehicle introduced into U.S. commerce without a model year is deemed to have a model year equal to the calendar year of its introduction into U.S. commerce unless the certifying manufacturer assigns a later date.
	Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703.
	New motor vehicle has the meaning given in the Act.  It generally means a motor vehicle meeting the criteria of either paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition.  New motor vehicles may be complete or incomplete.
(1) A motor vehicle for which the ultimate purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title is a new motor vehicle.  This kind of vehicle might commonly be thought of as "brand new" although a new motor vehicle may include previously used parts.  For example, vehicles commonly known as "glider kits" or "gliders" are "new motor vehicles".  Under this definition, the vehicle is new from the time it is produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or places it into service, whichever comes first.
   (2) An imported heavy-duty motor vehicle originally produced after the 1969 model year is a new motor vehicle.
	Noncompliant vehicle means a vehicle that was originally covered by a certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
	Nonconforming vehicle means a vehicle not covered by a certificate of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
	Nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) means the sum of all hydrocarbon species except methane, as measured according to 40 CFR part 1065.
	Off-cycle technology means technology certified under §1037.610.
	Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an emission-data vehicle on a given duty cycle before the application of any required deterioration factor, but after the applicability of regeneration adjustment factors.
	Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared by the vehicle manufacturer for the owners or operators to describe appropriate vehicle maintenance, applicable warranties, and any other information related to operating or keeping the vehicle.  The owners manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the time of sale.
	Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
	Particulate trap means a filtering device that is designed to physically trap all particulate matter above a certain size.
	Percent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.  Note that this means percentages identified in this part are assumed to be infinitely precise without regard to the number of significant figures.  For example, one percent of 1,493 is 14.93.
	Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended purpose, excluding incidental use by the manufacturer or a dealer.
	Power take-off (PTO) means a secondary engine shaft (or equivalent) that provides substantial auxiliary power for purposes unrelated to vehicle propulsion or normal vehicle accessories such as air conditioning, power steering, and basic electrical accessories.  A typical PTO uses a secondary shaft on the engine to transmit power to a hydraulic pump that powers auxiliary equipment, such as a boom on a bucket truck.  You may ask us to consider other equivalent auxiliary power configurations (such as those with hybrid vehicles) as power take-off systems.
	Preliminary approval means approval granted by an authorized EPA representative prior to submission of an application for certification, consistent with the provisions of § 1037.210.
	Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) means the component(s) of a hybrid engine or vehicle that store recovered energy for later use, such as the battery system in an electric hybrid vehicle.
	Regulatory subcategory has the meaning given in §1037.230.
	Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in a specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only to define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the terms.
	Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
	Roof height means the maximum height of a vehicle (rounded to the nearest inch), excluding narrow accessories such as exhaust pipes and antennas, but including any wide accessories such as roof fairings.  Measure roof height of the vehicle configured to have its maximum height that will occur during actual use, with properly inflated tires and no driver, passengers, or cargo onboard.  Roof height may also refer to the following categories:
(1) Low-roof means relating to a vehicle with a roof height of 120 inches or less.
(2) Mid-roof means relating to a vehicle with a roof height of 121 to 147 inches.
(3) High-roof means relating to a vehicle with a roof height of 148 inches or more.
	Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
	Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing, disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems periodically to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or wearing prematurely.  It also may mean actions you expect are necessary to correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which periodic maintenance is not appropriate.
	Sleeper cab means a type of tractor cab that has a compartment behind the driver's seat intended to be used by the driver for sleeping.  This includes cabs accessible from the driver's compartment and those accessible from outside the vehicle.
	Small manufacturer means a manufacturer meeting the criteria specified in 13 CFR 121.201.  For manufacturers owned by a parent company, the employee and revenue limits apply to the total number employees and total revenue of the parent company and all its subsidiaries.
Spark-ignition has the meaning given in §1037.101.
	Standard payload means the payload assumed for each vehicle, in tons, for modeling and calculating emission credits, as follows:
(1) For vocational vehicles:
   (i) 2.85 tons for light heavy-duty vehicles.
   (ii) 5.6 tons for medium heavy-duty vehicles.
   (iii) 7.5 tons for heavy heavy-duty vocational vehicles.
(2) For tractors:
   (i) 12.5 tons for Class 7.
   (ii) 19 tons for Class 8, other than heavy-haul tractors.
   (iii) 43 tons for heavy-haul tractors.
(3) For trailers:
   (i) 10 tons for short box vans.
   (ii) 19 tons for other trailers.
Standard tractor has the meaning given in §1037.501.
	Standard trailer has the meaning given in §1037.501.
	Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
	Test sample means the collection of vehicles or components selected from the population of a vehicle family for emission testing.  This may include testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
	Test vehicle means a vehicle in a test sample.
	Test weight means the vehicle weight used or represented during testing.
	Tire rolling resistance level (TRRL) means a value with units of kg/metric ton that represents that rolling resistance of a tire configuration.  TRRLs are used as inputs to the GEM model under §1037.520.  Note that a manufacturer may assign a value higher than the measured rolling resistance of a tire configuration.
	Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.  This generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as a hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
	Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.  This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled vehicles.  The atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
	Tractor has the meaning given for "truck tractor" in 49 CFR 571.3.  This includes most heavy-duty vehicles specifically designed for the primary purpose of pulling trailers, but does not include vehicles designed to carry other loads.  For purposes of this definition "other loads" would not include loads carried in the cab, sleeper compartment, or toolboxes.  Examples of vehicles that are similar to tractors but that are not tractors under this part include dromedary tractors, automobile haulers, straight trucks with trailers hitches, and tow trucks.  Note that the provisions of this part that apply for tractors do not apply for tractors that are classified as vocational tractors under §1037.630.
Trailer means a piece of equipment designed for carrying cargo and for being drawn by a tractor.  Trailers may be divided into different types and categories as described in paragraphs (1) through (4).  The types of equipment identified in paragraph (5) are not trailers.
(1) Box vans are trailers with an enclosed cargo space that is permanently attached to the chassis, with fixed sides, nose, and roof and is designed to carry a wide range of freight.  Tankers are not box vans.
(2) Box vans with self-contained refrigeration systems are refrigerated vans.  All other box vans are dry vans.
(3) Trailers that are not box vans are non-box trailers.  This includes chassis that are designed only for temporarily mounted containers.
(4) Box trailers with length greater than 50 feet are long box trailers.  Other box trailers are short box trailers.
(5) The following types of equipment are not trailers:
   (i) Containers that are not permanently mounted on chassis.
   (ii) [Reserved]
	Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new vehicle, the first person who in good faith purchases such new vehicle for purposes other than resale.
	United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
	Upcoming model year means for a vehicle family the model year after the one currently in production.
	U.S.-directed production volume means the number of vehicle units, subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or will be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States.  This does not include vehicles certified to state emission standards that are different than the emission standards in this part.
	Useful life means the period during which a vehicle is required to comply with all applicable emission standards.
	Vehicle means equipment intended for use on highways that meets at least one of the criteria of paragraph (1) of this definition, as follows:
(1) The following equipment are vehicles:
   (i) A piece of equipment that is intended for self-propelled use on highways becomes a vehicle when it includes at least an engine, a transmission, and a frame.  (Note: For purposes of this definition, any electrical, mechanical, and/or hydraulic devices attached to engines for the purpose of powering wheels are considered to be transmissions.)
   (ii) A piece of equipment that is intended for self-propelled use on highways becomes a vehicle when it includes a passenger compartment attached to a frame with axles.
   (iii) Trailers.  A trailer becomes a vehicle when it has a frame with axles attached.
(2) Vehicles other than trailers may be complete or incomplete vehicles as follows:
   (i) A complete vehicle is a functioning vehicle that has the primary load carrying device or container (or equivalent equipment) attached.  Examples of equivalent equipment would include fifth wheel trailer hitches, firefighting equipment, and utility booms.
   (ii) An incomplete vehicle is a vehicle that is not a complete vehicle.  Incomplete vehicles may also be cab-complete vehicles.  This may include vehicles sold to secondary vehicle manufacturers.
   (iii) The primary use of the terms "complete vehicle" and "incomplete vehicle" are to distinguish whether a vehicle is complete when it is first sold as a vehicle.
   (iv) You may ask us to allow you to certify a vehicle as incomplete if you manufacture the engines and sell the unassembled chassis components, as long as you do not produce and sell the body components necessary to complete the vehicle.
	Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of vehicle hardware and calibration (related to measured or modeled emissions) within a vehicle family.  Vehicles with hardware or software differences, but that have no hardware or software differences related to measured or modeled emissions may be included in the same vehicle configuration.  Note that vehicles with hardware or software differences related to measured or modeled emissions are considered to be different configurations even if they have the same GEM inputs and FEL.  Vehicles within a vehicle configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability or factors unrelated to measured or modeled emissions.
	Vehicle family has the meaning given in §1037.230.
	Vehicle service class means a vehicle's weight class as specified in this definition.  Note that, while vehicle service class is similar to primary intended service class for engines, they are not necessarily the same.  For example, a medium heavy-duty vehicle may include a light heavy-duty engine.  Note also that while spark-ignition engines do not have a primary intended service class, vehicles using spark-ignition engines have a vehicle service class.
   (1) Light heavy-duty vehicles are those vehicles with GVWR below 19,500 pounds.  Vehicles In this class include heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans, motor homes and other recreational vehicles, and some straight trucks with a single rear axle. Typical applications would include personal transportation, light-load commercial delivery, passenger service, agriculture, and construction.
   (2) Medium heavy-duty vehicles are those vehicles with GVWR from 19,500 to 33,000 pounds.  Vehicles in this class include school buses, straight trucks with a single rear axle, city tractors, and a variety of special purpose vehicles such as small dump trucks, and refuse trucks. Typical applications would include commercial short haul and intra-city delivery and pickup.
   (3) Heavy heavy-duty vehicles are those vehicles with GVWR above 33,000 pounds.  Vehicles in this class include tractors, urban buses, and other heavy trucks.
	Vehicle subfamily or subfamily means a subset of a vehicle family including vehicles subject to the same FEL(s).
	Vocational tractor means a vehicle classified as a vocational tractor under §1037.630.
	Vocational vehicle means relating to a vehicle subject to the standards of §1037.105 (including vocational tractors).
	Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
	Volatile liquid fuel means any fuel other than diesel or biodiesel that is a liquid at atmospheric pressure and has a Reid Vapor Pressure higher than 2.0 pounds per square inch.
	We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.

§ 1037.805  Symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations.
	The following symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations apply to this part:
ABT
Averaging, banking, and trading.
AECD
auxiliary emission control device.
AES
Automatic engine shutdown.
CD
drag coefficient.
CDA
drag area.
CFD
computational fluid dynamics.
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations.
CH4
methane.
CO
carbon monoxide.
CO2
carbon dioxide.
CREE
carbon-related exhaust emissions.
DOT
Department of Transportation.
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency.
ETW
equivalent test weight.
FEL
Family Emission Limit.
g
grams.
GAWR
gross axle weight rating.
GCWR
gross combination weight rating.
GVWR
gross vehicle weight rating.
GWP
global-warming potential.
HC
hydrocarbon.
ISO
International Organization for Standardization.
kg
kilograms.
m
meter.
mm
millimeter
mph
miles per hour.
N2O
nitrous oxide.
NARA
National Archives and Records Administration.
NHTSA
National Highway Transportation Safety Administration.
NOx
oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2).
PM
particulate matter.
PTO
power take-off.
RESS
rechargeable energy storage system.
rpm
revolutions per minute.
SAE
Society of Automotive Engineers.
SKU
Stock-keeping unit.
TRRL
Tire rolling resistance level.
U.S.C.
United States Code.
VSL
vehicle speed limiter.
WF
work factor.

§ 1037.810  Incorporation by reference.
(a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must publish a notice of the change in the Federal Register and the material must be available to the public. All approved material is available for inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building, Washington, DC 20460,<PHONE_NUMBER>, and is available from the sources listed below. It is also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).  For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202 - 741 - 6030, or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(b)  International Organization for Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, (41) 22749 0111, www.iso.org, or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>   (1) ISO 28580:2009(E) "Passenger car, truck and bus tyres  -  Methods of measuring rolling resistance  -  Single point test and correlation of measurement results", First Edition, July 1, 2009; IBR approved for §1037.520(c) ("ISO 28580").
   (2) [Reserved]
(c) U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, www.epa.gov:
   (1) Greenhouse gas Emissions Model (GEM) simulation tool, Version 2.0.1, September 2012; IBR approved for § 1037.520. The computer code for this model is available as noted in paragraph (a) of this section. A working version of this software is also available for download at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/gem.htm.
   (2) Greenhouse gas Emissions Model (GEM) simulation tool, Version 3.0, March 2014; IBR approved for § 1037.520. The computer code for this model is available as noted in paragraph (a) of this section. A working version of this software is also available for download at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/climate/gem.htm.
(d) Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096 - 0001,<PHONE_NUMBER> (U.S. and Canada) or (724) 776 - 4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada), http://www.sae.org.
   (1) SAE J1252, SAE Wind Tunnel Test Procedure for Trucks and Buses, Revised July 1981, IBR approved for §1037.525(d), (e), and (f) ("SAE J1252").
   (2) SAE J1263, Road Load Measurement and Dynamometer Simulation Using Coastdown Techniques, revised March 2010, IBR approved for §§ 1037.525(b), 1037.527(a) and (b), and 1037.533(c) ("SAE J1263").
   (3) SAE J1594, Vehicle Aerodynamics Terminology, Revised July 2010, IBR approved for §1037.525(d) ("SAE J1594").
   (4) SAE J2071, Aerodynamic Testing of Road Vehicles - Open Throat Wind Tunnel Adjustment, Revised June 1994, IBR approved for §1037.525(d) ("SAE J2071").
   (5) SAE J2263, Road Load Measurement Using Onboard Anemometry and Coastdown Techniques, revised December 2008, IBR approved for §§ 1037.527(a) and (b) and 1037.540(e) and (g) ("SAE J2263").
   (6) SAE J2343, Recommended Practice for LNG Medium and Heavy-Duty Powered Vehicles, Revised July 2008, IBR approved for §1037.103(e) ("SAE J2343").
(e) BASF Corporation, 100 Park Avenue, Florham Park, NJ 07932,<PHONE_NUMBER>, http://www.basf.com.
   (1) BASF TI/EVO 0137 e, Emgard[(R)] FE 75W-90 Fuel Efficient Synthetic Gear Lubricant, April 2012, IBR approved for §1037.515(d).
   (2) [Reserved]

§ 1037.815  Confidential information.
The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider confidential.

§ 1037.820  Requesting a hearing.
(a) You may request a hearing under certain circumstances, as described elsewhere in this part.  To do this, you must file a written request, including a description of your objection and any supporting data, within 30 days after we make a decision.
(b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we will approve your request if we find that your request raises a substantial factual issue.
(c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.

§ 1037.825  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
(a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record data or other information.  Unless we specify otherwise, store required records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available for eight years after you send an associated application for certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do not support an application for certification.  You may not rely on anyone else to meet recordkeeping requirements on your behalf unless we specifically authorize it.  We may review these records at any time.  You must promptly send us organized, written records in English if we ask for them.  We may require you to submit written records in an electronic format.
(b) The regulations in §1037.255 and 40 CFR 1068.25 and 1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete information.  This includes information not related to certification. Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal penalties.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see §1037.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive from another company is deemed to be a required record under this section.  Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA.  Keep these records for eight years unless the regulations specify a different period.  We may require you to send us these records whether or not you are a certificate holder.
(e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq), the Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations.  The following items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for vehicles regulated under this part:
   (1) We specify the following requirements related to vehicle certification in this part 1037:
      (i) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of information required to certify vehicles.
      (ii) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to various special compliance provisions.
      (iii) In §1037.725, 1037.730, and 1037.735 we specify certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
    (2) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40 CFR part 1066:
      (i) In 40 CFR 1066.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting information.
      (ii) In 40 CFR 1066.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test information.
      (iii) In 40 CFR 1066.695 we identify the specific information and data items to record when measuring emissions.
    (3) We specify the following requirements related to the general compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
      (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
      (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to sending and keeping information
      (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
      (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require vehicle manufacturers to keep certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
      (v) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to rebuilding engines.
      (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to various exemptions.
      (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to importing engines.
      (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement audit.
      (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
      (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records related to recalling nonconforming engines.

Appendix I to Part 1037  --  Heavy-duty Transient Test Cycle

                                     Time
                                     Speed
                                     Speed
                                     sec.
                                      mph
                                      m/s
                                       1
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                       2
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                       3
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                       4
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                       5
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                       6
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                       7
                                     0.41
                                     0.18
                                       8
                                     1.18
                                     0.53
                                       9
                                     2.26
                                     1.01
                                      10
                                     3.19
                                     1.43
                                      11
                                     3.97
                                     1.77
                                      12
                                     4.66
                                     2.08
                                      13
                                     5.32
                                     2.38
                                      14
                                     5.94
                                     2.66
                                      15
                                     6.48
                                     2.90
                                      16
                                     6.91
                                     3.09
                                      17
                                     7.28
                                     3.25
                                      18
                                     7.64
                                     3.42
                                      19
                                     8.02
                                     3.59
                                      20
                                     8.36
                                     3.74
                                      21
                                     8.60
                                     3.84
                                      22
                                     8.74
                                     3.91
                                      23
                                     8.82
                                     3.94
                                      24
                                     8.82
                                     3.94
                                      25
                                     8.76
                                     3.92
                                      26
                                     8.66
                                     3.87
                                      27
                                     8.58
                                     3.84
                                      28
                                     8.52
                                     3.81
                                      29
                                     8.46
                                     3.78
                                      30
                                     8.38
                                     3.75
                                      31
                                     8.31
                                     3.71
                                      32
                                     8.21
                                     3.67
                                      33
                                     8.11
                                     3.63
                                      34
                                     8.00
                                     3.58
                                      35
                                     7.94
                                     3.55
                                      36
                                     7.94
                                     3.55
                                      37
                                     7.80
                                     3.49
                                      38
                                     7.43
                                     3.32
                                      39
                                     6.79
                                     3.04
                                      40
                                     5.81
                                     2.60
                                      41
                                     4.65
                                     2.08
                                      42
                                     3.03
                                     1.35
                                      43
                                     1.88
                                     0.84
                                      44
                                     1.15
                                     0.51
                                      45
                                     1.14
                                     0.51
                                      46
                                     1.12
                                     0.50
                                      47
                                     1.11
                                     0.50
                                      48
                                     1.19
                                     0.53
                                      49
                                     1.57
                                     0.70
                                      50
                                     2.31
                                     1.03
                                      51
                                     3.37
                                     1.51
                                      52
                                     4.51
                                     2.02
                                      53
                                     5.56
                                     2.49
                                      54
                                     6.41
                                     2.87
                                      55
                                     7.09
                                     3.17
                                      56
                                     7.59
                                     3.39
                                      57
                                     7.99
                                     3.57
                                      58
                                     8.32
                                     3.72
                                      59
                                     8.64
                                     3.86
                                      60
                                     8.91
                                     3.98
                                      61
                                     9.13
                                     4.08
                                      62
                                     9.29
                                     4.15
                                      63
                                     9.40
                                     4.20
                                      64
                                     9.39
                                     4.20
                                      65
                                     9.20
                                     4.11
                                      66
                                     8.84
                                     3.95
                                      67
                                     8.35
                                     3.73
                                      68
                                     7.81
                                     3.49
                                      69
                                     7.22
                                     3.23
                                      70
                                     6.65
                                     2.97
                                      71
                                     6.13
                                     2.74
                                      72
                                     5.75
                                     2.57
                                      73
                                     5.61
                                     2.51
                                      74
                                     5.65
                                     2.53
                                      75
                                     5.80
                                     2.59
                                      76
                                     5.95
                                     2.66
                                      77
                                     6.09
                                     2.72
                                      78
                                     6.21
                                     2.78
                                      79
                                     6.31
                                     2.82
                                      80
                                     6.34
                                     2.83
                                      81
                                     6.47
                                     2.89
                                      82
                                     6.65
                                     2.97
                                      83
                                     6.88
                                     3.08
                                      84
                                     7.04
                                     3.15
                                      85
                                     7.05
                                     3.15
                                      86
                                     7.01
                                     3.13
                                      87
                                     6.90
                                     3.08
                                      88
                                     6.88
                                     3.08
                                      89
                                     6.89
                                     3.08
                                      90
                                     6.96
                                     3.11
                                      91
                                     7.04
                                     3.15
                                      92
                                     7.17
                                     3.21
                                      93
                                     7.29
                                     3.26
                                      94
                                     7.39
                                     3.30
                                      95
                                     7.48
                                     3.34
                                      96
                                     7.57
                                     3.38
                                      97
                                     7.61
                                     3.40
                                      98
                                     7.59
                                     3.39
                                      99
                                     7.53
                                     3.37
                                      100
                                     7.46
                                     3.33
                                      101
                                     7.40
                                     3.31
                                      102
                                     7.39
                                     3.30
                                      103
                                     7.38
                                     3.30
                                      104
                                     7.37
                                     3.29
                                      105
                                     7.37
                                     3.29
                                      106
                                     7.39
                                     3.30
                                      107
                                     7.42
                                     3.32
                                      108
                                     7.43
                                     3.32
                                      109
                                     7.40
                                     3.31
                                      110
                                     7.39
                                     3.30
                                      111
                                     7.42
                                     3.32
                                      112
                                     7.50
                                     3.35
                                      113
                                     7.57
                                     3.38
                                      114
                                     7.60
                                     3.40
                                      115
                                     7.60
                                     3.40
                                      116
                                     7.61
                                     3.40
                                      117
                                     7.64
                                     3.42
                                      118
                                     7.68
                                     3.43
                                      119
                                     7.74
                                     3.46
                                      120
                                     7.82
                                     3.50
                                      121
                                     7.90
                                     3.53
                                      122
                                     7.96
                                     3.56
                                      123
                                     7.99
                                     3.57
                                      124
                                     8.02
                                     3.59
                                      125
                                     8.01
                                     3.58
                                      126
                                     7.87
                                     3.52
                                      127
                                     7.59
                                     3.39
                                      128
                                     7.20
                                     3.22
                                      129
                                     6.52
                                     2.91
                                      130
                                     5.53
                                     2.47
                                      131
                                     4.36
                                     1.95
                                      132
                                     3.30
                                     1.48
                                      133
                                     2.50
                                     1.12
                                      134
                                     1.94
                                     0.87
                                      135
                                     1.56
                                     0.70
                                      136
                                     0.95
                                     0.42
                                      137
                                     0.42
                                     0.19
                                      138
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      139
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      140
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      141
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      142
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      143
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      144
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      145
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      146
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      147
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      148
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      149
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      150
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      151
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      152
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      153
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      154
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      155
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      156
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      157
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      158
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      159
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      160
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      161
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      162
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      163
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      164
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      165
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      166
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      167
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      168
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      169
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      170
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      171
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      172
                                     1.11
                                     0.50
                                      173
                                     2.65
                                     1.18
                                      174
                                     4.45
                                     1.99
                                      175
                                     5.68
                                     2.54
                                      176
                                     6.75
                                     3.02
                                      177
                                     7.59
                                     3.39
                                      178
                                     7.75
                                     3.46
                                      179
                                     7.63
                                     3.41
                                      180
                                     7.67
                                     3.43
                                      181
                                     8.70
                                     3.89
                                      182
                                     10.20
                                     4.56
                                      183
                                     11.92
                                     5.33
                                      184
                                     12.84
                                     5.74
                                      185
                                     13.27
                                     5.93
                                      186
                                     13.38
                                     5.98
                                      187
                                     13.61
                                     6.08
                                      188
                                     14.15
                                     6.33
                                      189
                                     14.84
                                     6.63
                                      190
                                     16.49
                                     7.37
                                      191
                                     18.33
                                     8.19
                                      192
                                     20.36
                                     9.10
                                      193
                                     21.47
                                     9.60
                                      194
                                     22.35
                                     9.99
                                      195
                                     22.96
                                     10.26
                                      196
                                     23.46
                                     10.49
                                      197
                                     23.92
                                     10.69
                                      198
                                     24.42
                                     10.92
                                      199
                                     24.99
                                     11.17
                                      200
                                     25.91
                                     11.58
                                      201
                                     26.26
                                     11.74
                                      202
                                     26.38
                                     11.79
                                      203
                                     26.26
                                     11.74
                                      204
                                     26.49
                                     11.84
                                      205
                                     26.76
                                     11.96
                                      206
                                     27.07
                                     12.10
                                      207
                                     26.64
                                     11.91
                                      208
                                     25.99
                                     11.62
                                      209
                                     24.77
                                     11.07
                                      210
                                     24.04
                                     10.75
                                      211
                                     23.39
                                     10.46
                                      212
                                     22.73
                                     10.16
                                      213
                                     22.16
                                     9.91
                                      214
                                     21.66
                                     9.68
                                      215
                                     21.39
                                     9.56
                                      216
                                     21.43
                                     9.58
                                      217
                                     20.67
                                     9.24
                                      218
                                     17.98
                                     8.04
                                      219
                                     13.15
                                     5.88
                                      220
                                     7.71
                                     3.45
                                      221
                                     3.30
                                     1.48
                                      222
                                     0.88
                                     0.39
                                      223
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      224
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      225
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      226
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      227
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      228
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      229
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      230
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      231
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      232
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      233
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      234
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      235
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      236
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      237
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      238
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      239
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      240
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      241
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      242
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      243
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      244
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      245
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      246
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      247
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      248
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      249
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      250
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      251
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      252
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      253
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      254
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      255
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      256
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      257
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      258
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                      259
                                     0.50
                                     0.22
                                      260
                                     1.57
                                     0.70
                                      261
                                     3.07
                                     1.37
                                      262
                                     4.57
                                     2.04
                                      263
                                     5.65
                                     2.53
                                      264
                                     6.95
                                     3.11
                                      265
                                     8.05
                                     3.60
                                      266
                                     9.13
                                     4.08
                                      267
                                     10.05
                                     4.49
                                      268
                                     11.62
                                     5.19
                                      269
                                     12.92
                                     5.78
                                      270
                                     13.84
                                     6.19
                                      271
                                     14.38
                                     6.43
                                      272
                                     15.64
                                     6.99
                                      273
                                     17.14
                                     7.66
                                      274
                                     18.21
                                     8.14
                                      275
                                     18.90
                                     8.45
                                      276
                                     19.44
                                     8.69
                                      277
                                     20.09
                                     8.98
                                      278
                                     21.89
                                     9.79
                                      279
                                     24.15
                                     10.80
                                      280
                                     26.26
                                     11.74
                                      281
                                     26.95
                                     12.05
                                      282
                                     27.03
                                     12.08
                                      283
                                     27.30
                                     12.20
                                      284
                                     28.10
                                     12.56
                                      285
                                     29.44
                                     13.16
                                      286
                                     30.78
                                     13.76
                                      287
                                     32.09
                                     14.35
                                      288
                                     33.24
                                     14.86
                                      289
                                     34.46
                                     15.40
                                      290
                                     35.42
                                     15.83
                                      291
                                     35.88
                                     16.04
                                      292
                                     36.03
                                     16.11
                                      293
                                     35.84
                                     16.02
                                      294
                                     35.65
                                     15.94
                                      295
                                     35.31
                                     15.78
                                      296
                                     35.19
                                     15.73
                                      297
                                     35.12
                                     15.70
                                      298
                                     35.12
                                     15.70
                                      299
                                     35.04
                                     15.66
                                      300
                                     35.08
                                     15.68
                                      301
                                     35.04
                                     15.66
                                      302
                                     35.34
                                     15.80
                                      303
                                     35.50
                                     15.87
                                      304
                                     35.77
                                     15.99
                                      305
                                     35.81
                                     16.01
                                      306
                                     35.92
                                     16.06
                                      307
                                     36.23
                                     16.20
                                      308
                                     36.42
                                     16.28
                                      309
                                     36.65
                                     16.38
                                      310
                                     36.26
                                     16.21
                                      311
                                     36.07
                                     16.12
                                      312
                                     35.84
                                     16.02
                                      313
                                     35.96
                                     16.08
                                      314
                                     36.00
                                     16.09
                                      315
                                     35.57
                                     15.90
                                      316
                                     35.00
                                     15.65
                                      317
                                     34.08
                                     15.24
                                      318
                                     33.39
                                     14.93
                                      319
                                     32.20
                                     14.39
                                      320
                                     30.32
                                     13.55
                                      321
                                     28.48
                                     12.73
                                      322
                                     26.95
                                     12.05
                                      323
                                     26.18
                                     11.70
                                      324
                                     25.38
                                     11.35
                                      325
                                     24.77
                                     11.07
                                      326
                                     23.46
                                     10.49
                                      327
                                     22.39
                                     10.01
                                      328
                                     20.97
                                     9.37
                                      329
                                     20.09
                                     8.98
                                      330
                                     18.90
                                     8.45
                                      331
                                     18.17
                                     8.12
                                      332
                                     16.48
                                     7.37
                                      333
                                     15.07
                                     6.74
                                      334
                                     12.23
                                     5.47
                                      335
                                     10.08
                                     4.51
                                      336
                                     7.71
                                     3.45
                                      337
                                     7.32
                                     3.27
                                      338
                                     8.63
                                     3.86
                                      339
                                     10.77
                                     4.81
                                      340
                                     12.65
                                     5.66
                                      341
                                     13.88
                                     6.20