Page 1 of 49 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY WASHINGTON, D. C. 20460 OFFICE OF PREVENTION, PESTICIDES AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES August 31, 2005 Memorandum SUBJECT: Boric Acid: Residential Exposure Assessment for the Tolerance Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document.

FROM: Jeff Evans, Biologist Chemistry and Exposure Branch Health Effects Division ( 7509C)

THROUGH: David Miller, Branch Chief Chemistry and Exposure Branch Health Effects Division ( 7509C)

TO: Linnea Hansen, Biologist Toxicology Branch ( 7509C)

PC Code: 011102, 011110, 011103, 011104, 011107, 011112, 011001,

DP Barcode: DP 3203896 . Page 2 of 49 Executive Summary This document represents the Lower Risk Pesticide Chemical Focus Group's ( LRPCFG) Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision ( TRED) on boric acid and its sodium salts ( including sodium tetraborate decahydrate, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, sodium tetraborate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, disodium octaborate, and sodium metaborate). This assessment summarizes available information on the use, physical/ chemical properties, toxicological effects, exposure profile, and environmental fate and ecotoxicity for boric acid and its sodium salts. In performing this assessment, EPA has utilized reviews previously performed by EPA, the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA), and the World Health Organization ( WHO).

In August 1993, EPA established an exemption from the requirement for a tolerance for residues of boric acid and its sodium salts when used as active ingredients in products applied to all raw commodities. In September 1993, a Registration Eligibility Decision ( RED) document was issued for boric acid and its sodium salts and a tolerance exemption was granted for its use as an inert ingredient as a sequestrant or buffering agent in pesticide formulations. The purpose of this TRED document is to reassess the exemption from the requirement of a tolerance for residues of this chemical when used as an active ingredient and an inert ingredient in pesticide formulations. Since the original boric acid RED was issued in September 1993, prior to the development of the Food Quality Protection Act ( FQPA) in August 1996, tolerances also need to be reassessed to meet the FQPA standard. The Agency has considered any new data generated after the tolerance exemption was issued, new Agency guidance or other federal regulations, as well as previously available information in this assessment.

Boric acid and its sodium salts are used as active ingredients in insecticides and fungicides and as inert ingredients in certain pesticide formulations. Toxicity information was collected on boric acid and its sodium salts and an endpoint for assessing short and intermediate term residential exposure was chosen. The endpoint selected was a No Observed Adverse Effect Level ( NOAEL) of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day based on reproduction effects ( testicular atrophy) observed at 29 mg/ kgday in both a sub chronic ( 28 week) and chronic ( 2 year) study in dogs ( WHO, 1998). This study will be used to assess the risk of adult male applicators exposed to aerosols and particulates during the application of boric acid pesticide and consumer products as well as the inadvertent ingestion of water containing boric acid while swimming. An uncertainty factor of 100 ( 10 for interspecies extrapolation and 10 for intraspecies variation) was used for this assessment and therefore, a Margin of Exposure ( MOE) of 100 is required for residential exposure risk assessment.

For pesticide products containing boric acid and/ or its sodium salts as active ingredients, exposure scenarios were chosen based on the anticipated use patterns and current labeling for relevant pesticide products. Application rates were also estimated based on information provided on the product labels. Calculated inhalation MOEs ranged from a low of 36,000 for mixing, loading and applying dust products containing boric acid via a shaker can to a high of 250,000,000 for the application of pour on ready to use formulations containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate. To examine exposure to boric acid and/ or its sodium salts through the use of consumer products such Page 3 of 49 as general purpose cleaners and laundry detergents, the Consumer Exposure Module ( CEM) was used and a range of inhalation MOEs from 5,200 for a general purpose cleaner containing sodium tetraborate decahydrate to 590,000 for a laundry detergent containing sodium tetraborate was estimated. Inert uses of boric acid and its sodium salts range from pesticide formulation applications, requiring the use of PPE, to swimming pool applications and consumer use products. Many of these exposures are similar to the scenarios chosen for the products containing boric acid and its sodium salts as active ingredients. In those cases where there was a slight difference in application rate or weight fraction, a separate assessment was performed. In all cases, the inhalation MOEs for inert uses were greater than 100.

Postapplication exposure to boric acid and its sodium salts was examined in terms of hand tomouth transfer for children. Application rates were calculated in terms of pounds of active ingredient applied per square foot, based either on product label information or assumptions of application areas. Using the oral NOAEL of 8.8 mg/ kg day, the MOEs ranged from 5 for a dust formulation applied to carpets to 55 for a ready to use flea spray applied to carpets. Boric acid and its sodium salts are also found in products that are used to treat swimming pools and spas. Exposure to these products was examined through the use of the SWIMODEL. MOEs were estimated for both oral exposure to adults and children. MOEs for oral exposure ranged from 42 to 68 for non competitive child swimmers and 420 for non competitive adult male swimmers.

The use of products containing boric acid and its sodium salts as inert ingredients was also examined, however, many of the scenarios were already examined in terms of products containing these chemicals as active ingredients. For those active ingredient scenarios, the MOEs were greater than the target MOE of 100 and it was assumed that the inert use products, containing a smaller percentage of the chemicals, would also pose no risk. Certain postapplication scenarios with active ingredient uses resulted in MOEs less than 100, and these were re examined for the inert use products. All of the resulting MOEs were greater than the target MOE of 100.

In this assessment, most of the postapplication exposure scenarios dealing with hand to mouth transfer of residues to children and one of the swimming exposure scenarios exceeded the Agency's level of concern ( MOE< 100). Several factors need to be considered when interpreting these MOEs.

For swimming pools:

( 1) For the swimming pool exposure scenarios there is uncertainty associated with the assumption that the pesticide applied will not dissipate For indoor uses:

( 2) For the dust formulations applied as crack and crevice treatments, the area treated is based on an assumption of the size of an average room and that the area treated would be a small swath of carpet along the edges of the room. Most of the product labels recommend that the products be applied liberally to cracks and crevices to make sure that Page 4 of 49 no powder is left visible on indoor surfaces. In the assessment it was assumed that the powder was not removed.

( 3) Many of the labels state that the pesticide products should not be applied in areas where children are permitted. This would prevent exposure of the pesticide residue to children through hand to mouth behavior.

( 4) For Liquid products applied directly to carpets, the use of a hand transfer efficiency of 5 percent for the hand to mouth pathway is likely to overestimate exposure for the oral route. In a draft letter regarding dislodgeable, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate ( DOT) residues measured with a California roller, transfer efficiencies ranging from 0.04 to 0.09 percent were reported. A discussion of the study is presented in Krieger et al., 1996; Human Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate Exposure Following Carpet Flea Treatment is Not Associated with Significant Dermal Absorption. There are several residue collection devices available to investigators. In a round robin comparison of indoor residue collection methods, it was suggested that the California roller had similar transfer efficiency as the polyurethane foam roller ( PUF). In subsequent testing, the transfer efficiency of the PUF roller has also been compared to the efficiency of wet hands. ORD determined that the transfer efficiency of wet hands was 1.5 to 3 times higher than the PUF roller. Thus is seems likely that the 5 percent transfer efficiency used in the hand tomouth assessment for DOT, overestimates the exposure and risk. However, since the DOT findings are reported in a draft letter, and the round robin testing did not include any measurements of DOT, it is recommended that confirmatory hand press data be collected by the registrants to refine the hand to mouth exposure estimates for carpets treated with forms of boric acid.

These postapplication exposure scenarios should be further evaluated in light of the high estimated risk to children from hand to mouth activities and swimming pool exposures.

Dermal exposures were not included in the assessment since there is a low toxicological concern for dermal exposure and since it is believed that sufficient protection will be provided if the products are used according to the instructions provided with the product labels. In addition, several studies have shown that dermal absorption across intact skin is negligible in human infants and adults. In terms of environmental toxicity, boric acid and its sodium salts have been shown to be practically nontoxic to birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates and relatively nontoxic to beneficial insects.

Some labels indicate the use of boric acid to treat lumber used in housing construction ( above ground) and does not appear to be used as a preservative for outdoor uses such as decks and playground equipment. Exposure to treated wood products by are likely to mitigated by their being situated behind wall board or other structural elements or coated if exposed ( e. g., baseboards).

1.0 Residential Exposure/ Risk Assessment Page 5 of 49 Summary of Hazard Concerns:

In 1992, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry issued a toxicological profile for boron and its compounds. This document provided a summary and interpretation of available toxicological and epidemiological information in order to determine significant levels of human exposure and associated acute, sub acute and chronic effects. Studies on inhalation, oral and dermal human and animal studies were examined and potential effects reported. Information was also provided on the chemical/ physical properties and environmental fate and transport of boron and its compounds.

In 1993, a Reregistration Eligibility Decision ( RED) document was issued by EPA to ensure that boric acid and its sodium salts could be used without posing unreasonable risks to human health or the environment. Both human health and environmental risk assessments were performed. It was reported that dietary exposure to boric acid and its sodium salts was not a concern considering there are no registered direct food uses. Exposure to those handling products containing boric acid and/ or its sodium salts would not be expected to be high, assuming proper care is taken and the label directions are adhered to. In terms of environmental risks, boric acid has limited outdoor uses and has a low toxicity resulting in a minimal concern level for birds, fish and wildlife.

In 1998, an Environmental Health Criteria document ( Environmental Health Criteria 204) was prepared on boron by the International Programme on Chemical Safety [ a cooperative program of the World Health Organization ( WHO), the International Labour Organization, and the United Nations Environment Programme]. Environmental health criteria documents are meant to provide critical reviews of studies which examine effects on human health and the environment of chemicals and of combinations of chemicals and physical and biological agents. Boron exposure ( which included exposure to boric acid) was reported to occur primarily through the diet and drinking water. The greatest boron exposure was stated to be through oral intake of food. A tolerable intake of boron was set at 0.4 mg/ kg day.

Toxic Endpoint Selection:

For this assessment of boric acid and its sodium salts, both handler inhalation and postapplication non dietary ingestion: children  hand to mouth behavior indoor treatments and inadvertent ingestion of water while swimming and adults  inadvertent ingestion of water while swimming . Dermal exposures were not included in the assessment since there is a low toxicological concern for dermal exposure and since it is believed that sufficient protection will be provided if the products are used according to the instructions provided with the product labels ( EPA, 1993). In addition, the WHO document and the ATSDR document also state that several studies have shown that dermal absorption across intact skin is negligible in human infants and adults ( WHO, 1998; ATSDR, 1992).

Since there are no inhalation toxicological studies available in the existing literature, an oral NOAEL was used to assess short and intermediate term inhalation exposure. The inhalation Page 6 of 49 dose was conservatively converted to an equivalent oral dose using a 100% inhalation absorption factor. The oral toxicological NOAEL endpoint of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day was used. This NOAEL was based on reproduction effects ( testicular atrophy) observed at 29 mg/ kg day in both a subchronic ( 28 week) and chronic ( 2 year) study in dogs ( WHO, 1998). An uncertainty factor of 100 ( 10 for interspecies extrapolation and 10 for intraspecies variation) was used for this assessment and therefore, a Margin of Exposure ( MOE) of 100 is required for residential exposure risk assessment.

The endpoint of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day was used for all durations and for all subpopulations.

The NOAEL used in this assessment is reported in boron equivalents and therefore, doses calculated for boric acid and its sodium salts were adjusted to account for the percent boron before calculation of their respective MOEs ( see Table 1).

Table 1. Boron Equivalents Chemical Percent boron Boric acid 17.5%

Sodium tetraborate decahydrate 11.34%

Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate 14.85%

Sodium tetraborate 21.49%

Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate 20.96%

Disodium octaborate 25.38%

Table 2. Acute Toxicity Profile  Boric Acid Guideline No. Study Type MRID( s) Results Toxicity Category 870.1100 Acute oral rat 00006719 LD50 males = 3450 mg/ kg ( 2950 4040 mg/ kg) females = 4080 mg/ kg ( 3640 4560 mg/ kg) III 870.1100 Acute oral beagle dog 00064208 LD50 > 631 mg/ kg III 870.1200 Acute dermal rabbit 00106011 LD50 > 2 g/ kg III 870.1300 Acute inhalation rat   Not required

870.2400 Acute eye irritation rabbit 00064209 Conjunctival irritation clearing by day 4 III Table 2. Acute Toxicity Profile  Boric Acid Guideline No. Study Type MRID( s) Results Toxicity Category Page 7 of 49 870.2500 Acute dermal irritation rabbit 00106011 PIS = 0.1; 1/ 6 erythema at 72 hrs III 870.2600 Skin sensitization guinea pig   Not required III Table3. Summary of Toxicological Doses and Endpoints for Boric Acid for Use in Human Risk Assessments Exposure Scenario Dose use in Risk Assessment, UF Special FQPA SF* and Level of Concern for Risk Assessment Study and Toxicological Effects Acute Dietary ( general population) Not determined an appropriate endpoint attributable to a single dose was not identified in the available studies including the developmental toxicity studies.

Incidental Oral  all populations and exposure durations NOAEL 8.8 mg/ kg/ day Residential LOC for MOE = 100 Chronic and subchronic oral toxicity in dogs ( several studies considered together)

LOAEL = 30 mg/ kg/ day, based on testicular atrophy, anemia in subchronic study.

Dermal: All exposure durations Boric acid and its sodium salts are not absorbed across intact skin and a dermal exposure assessment is not required.

Inhalation: All exposure durations NOAEL 8.8 mg/ kg/ day Residential LOC for MOE = 100 Chronic and subchronic oral toxicity in dogs ( several studies considered together)

LOAEL = 30 mg/ kg/ day, based on testicular atrophy, anemia in subchronic study.

Cancer ( oral, dermal, inhalation) No cancer endpoint was identified UF = uncertainty factor, FQPA SF = Special FQPA safety factor, NOAEL = no observed adverse effects LOAEL= lowest observed adverse effect level, PAD = population adjusted dose ( a= acute, c= chronic) RfD= reference dose, MOE = margin of exposure, LOC= level of concern, NA = Not applicable Incident Data Data from the Poison Control Center, collected from 1993 through 1998, suggest that boric acid dust is not a significant risk to children six years of age or younger. Hazard information was collected for boric acid dust and other formulations of boric acid compared with Page 8 of 49 all other pesticides and with each other on six measures: percent with symptoms; percent with moderate, major, or fatal outcome; percent with major or fatal outcome; percent of exposed cases seen in a health care facility; percent hospitalized; and percent seen in a critical care facility. Dust formulations appeared to pose greater hazard than other formulations of boric acid, however, these hazards were still much lower than for other pesticides ( see Tables 9 and 10). All of the hospitalization cases were reported to have been due to actual ingestion. However, the symptoms that were reported were relatively mild ( e. g., drowsiness and nausea) and did not appear to support a finding that any of the reported cases required hospitalization.

Physical/ Chemical Properties:

The physical and chemical properties of boric acid and its sodium salts are provided in Table 4.

Table 4. Physical/ Chemical Properties of Boric acid and its Sodium Salts Chemical Molecular formula Molecular weight Physical state Meltin g point Solubility in water pH Density/ Specific Gravity Vapor Pressure Estimated Octanol/ Water Coefficient Boric Acid H3BO3 61.9 Solid crystalline powder 171oC 5.6 g/ 100mL 5.1 ( 1% solution at 20oC) 1.51 at 20oC < 10 4 torr at 200C 0.175 Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Na2B4O7 .

10H20 381.87 crystalline powder 75oC 4.70 g/ 100 mL at 20oC 9.2 ( 1% solution at 20oC) 1.73 < 10 6 torr Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Na2B4O7 .

5H20 291.35 mild white alkaline salt < 200oC 3.59% at 20oC 9.2 ( 1% solution at 20oC) 1.82 < 10 6 torr Sodium tetraborate Na2B4O7 201.27 Solid crystalline or amorphous 742oC 2.56 g/ 100 mL at 20oC No data 2.37 < 10 6 torr Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate Na2B8O13 .

4H20 Powder 9.5% at 20oC 8.5 ( 1% solution at 23oC) 25 35 lbs/ ft3 ( specific gravity)

Disodium octaborate Na2B8O13 340.31 Solid rods No data 1.8 g/ mL at 20oC Chemical Molecular formula Molecular weight Physical state Meltin g point Solubility in water pH Density/ Specific Gravity Vapor Pressure Estimated Octanol/ Water Coefficient Page 9 of 49 Sodium metaborate NaBO2 65.82 Solid white pieces or powder Fuses to clear glass at 966oC Soluble in water 11.82 ( 6% aqueous solution of tetrahydrate Bulk density: loose pack ( 51 55 lbs/ ft3) and tight pack ( 55 61 lbs/ ft3) < 10 6 torr No data References: EPA, 1993; NIOSH, 2001.

Summary of Use Patterns and Formulations:

Boric acid and its sodium salts are used primarily in insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. Insecticidal uses focus mainly on insects such as ants, cockroaches, and silverfish and work as stomach poisons or exoskeleton abraders. In herbicides, boric acid and its sodium salts cause dessication, interrupt photosynthesis or suppress algae growth. In terms of fungicides, boric acid and its sodium salts are used as wood preservatives in lumber and timber products.

The tolerance exemptions being reassessed in this document, with the respective citation in the Code of Federal Regulations ( CFR), and the use patterns as an active and inert ingredient are listed in Table 5. Page 10 of 49 Table 5. Tolerance Exemptions Being Reassessed in this Document Tolerance Exemption Expression CAS Nos. 40 CFR PC Code Use Pattern List Classification Boric Acid and its Sodium Salts Active ingredient Boric Acid: 10043 35 3 11113 50 1 41685 84 1 180.1121 011001 Acaricide, algaecide, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide NA Sodium tetraborate decahydrate: 1303 96 4 12447 40 4 011102 Fungicide, insecticide, herbicide Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate: 11130 12 04 12178 04 3 011110 Algaecide, herbicide, insecticide Sodium tetraborate: 1330 43 4 12007 42 0 011112 Acaricide, herbicide, inssecticide Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate: 12008 41 2 12280 03 4 011103 Fungicide, insecticide Disodium octaborate: 12008 41 2 12280 03 4 011107 Fungicide Sodium metaborate: 15293 77 3 7775 19 1 011104 Herbicide Inert Ingredient Boric Acid: 10043 35 3 11113 50 1 41685 84 1 180.1001 ( d) Used in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops; formulation applied to swimming pools; and general purpose cleaners ? Sodium tetraborate: 1330 43 4 12007 42 0 Sodium metaborate: 15293 77 3 7775 19 1 a Residues listed in section ( d) of 40 CFR 180.1001 are exempt from a tolerance when used in accordance with good agricultural practice as inert ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops only. Page 11 of 49 2.0 Occupational Exposure/ Risk Assessment Since this is a TRED, an occupational exposure Assessment was not conducted.

3.0 Residential and Other Non Occupational Exposures and Risks Residential handler inhalation exposure and postapplication oral exposure to boric acid and its sodium salts as an active ingredient and inert ingredient in various pesticide products were examined for this assessment.

3.1 Residential Handler Exposures and Risks HED uses the term " handlers" to describe those individuals who are involved in the pesticide application process. HED believes that there are distinct tasks related to applications and that exposures can vary depending on the specifics of each task as was described above for occupational handlers 3.1.1 Handler Exposure Scenarios The exposure scenarios chosen for this risk assessment were based on the anticipated use patterns and current labeling for products containing boric acid and its sodium salts ( see Table 5). In addition, application rates were estimated based on information provided on the product labels and these assumptions are listed in Table 6. The average body weight of an adult ( 70 kg) was assumed. The oral NOAEL of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day was used for both the short and intermediate term inhalation exposure estimates. An uncertainty factor of 100 ( 10 for interspecies extrapolation and 10 for intraspecies variation) was used for this assessment and therefore, a Margin of Exposure ( MOE) of 100 is required for residential exposure risk assessment. Calculated inhalation handler MOEs ranged from a low of 36,000 for mixing, loading and applying dusts containing boric acid via a shaker can to a high of 250,000,000 for the application of pour on ready to use formulations containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate. More detailed information, such as the inhalation unit exposure and dose calculations, is provided in Appendix A.

In terms of consumer use exposure to products containing boric acid and its sodium salts, the Consumer Exposure Module ( CEM) ( Versar, 1999) was used to determine the lifetime average daily dose ( LADD), average daily dose ( ADD), and acute potential daily dose rate ( ADR). Two sodium salts of boric acid are known to be ingredients in consumer use products: sodium tetraborate decahydrate in laundry detergent and general purpose cleaners and sodium tetraborate in laundry detergent. The exposure scenarios examined were the use of a general purpose cleaner, assuming a weight fraction range of 7% to 13%, and laundry detergent, assuming a Page 12 of 49 weight fraction range of 1% to 5%. Table 6 provides the CEM inhalation MOE estimates. Exposure output information from the CEM model is provided in Appendix B. Using the oral NOAEL of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day and assuming 100% inhalation absorption, the inhalation MOEs ranged from 5,200 for a general purpose cleaner containing sodium tetraborate decahydrate to 590,000 for a laundry detergent containing sodium tetraborate. Page 13 of 49 Table 6. Residential Handler Inhalation Risks Due to Exposure to Boric Acid and its Sodium Salts as Active Ingredients Registration Number Exposure Scenario Percent active ingredient Assumptions for estimating product application rate Calculations of product application rate ( AR) Application Rate Units Area Treated or Amount Handled Dailya Units Baseline Inhalation MOEb BORIC ACID 9444 150 Applying Ready to Use Formulations with Aerosol Cans 20 Used 1.51 g/ mL as density = 2.51 lb ai/ gal; assume use 1 14 oz can per event AR = ( 1.51 g/ mL)*( 1000 mL/ L)*( 3.785 L/ gal)*( 1 kg/ 1000 g)*( 2.2 lb/ 1 kg)*( 20/ 100)*( 0.0078 gal/ oz)* 14 oz 0.27 lb ai/ day NA NA 250,000 70908 3 Mixing/ Loading/

Applying Dusts via Shaker Can 100 From label, apply 1 lb/ 50 ft2 for flea control on carpets AR = 1 lb/ 50ft2 0.02 lb ai/ ft2 256c ft2/ day 36,000 1677 191 Granular Bait Dispersed by Hand 54 Used 1.51 g/ mL as density = 2.51 lb ai/ gal; assume apply ½ container ( 6 oz) AR = ( 1.51 g/ mL)*( 1000 mL/ L)*( 3.785 L/ gal)*( 1 kg/ 1000 g)*( 2.2 lb/ 1 kg)*( 54/ 100)*( 0.0078 gal/ oz)* 6 oz 0.32 lb ai/ day NA NA 1,100,000 SODIUM TETRABORATE DECAHYDRATE 48369 2 Mixing/ Loading/

Applying Dusts via Shaker Can 100 From label:

package is 1 lb;

assume use ½ ( 0.5 lb) and since percent a. i. is 100,

assume 0.5 lb a. i. AR = 0.5 lb ai/ day 0.5 lb ai/ day NA NA 570,000 SODIUM TETRABORATE PENTAHYDRATE 5185 461 Loading/ Applying Granulars via Spoon or Cup 100 From label, apply 4.5 lbs/ 1000 gal;

assume treat 20,000 gal/ day AR = ( 4.5 lb/ 1000 gal) 0.0045 lb ai/ gal 20000 gal/ day 47,000 Table 6. Residential Handler Inhalation Risks Due to Exposure to Boric Acid and its Sodium Salts as Active Ingredients Registration Number Exposure Scenario Percent active ingredient Assumptions for estimating product application rate Calculations of product application rate ( AR) Application Rate Units Area Treated or Amount Handled Dailya Units Baseline Inhalation MOEb Page 14 of 49 5185 492 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Pour on 100 From label, apply 10 oz/ 200 gal;

assume treat 200 gal/ day AR = ( 10 oz)*( 0.0625 lb/ 1 oz)/( 200 gal) 0.0031 lb ai/ gal 200 gal/ day 250,000,000 SODIUM TETRAHYDRATE 1083 1 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger Pump Sprayer 0.28 Use density ( 2.56 g/ mL) to determine lb ai/ gal; assume apply 1 pint of solution ( 0.125 gal/ day) AR = ( 2.56 g/ mL)*( 1000 mL/ L)*( 3.785 L/ gal)*( 1 kg/ 1000 g)*( 2.2 lb/ kg)*( 0.28/ 100) 0.06 lb ai/ gal 0.125 gal/ day 140,000,000 DISODIUM OCTABORATE 71653 5 Mixing/ Loading/

Applying Emulsifiable Concentrates with a Paint Brush 18.12 Use density ( 1.8 g/ mL) to determine lb ai/ gal; assume apply 1 liter of solution ( 0.264 gal/ day) AR = ( 1.8 g/ mL)(* 1000 mL/ L)*( 3.785 L/ gal)*( 1 kg/ 1000 g)(* 2.2 lb/ kg)*( 18.12/ 100) 2.72 lb ai/ gal 0.264 gal/ day 550,000 DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE 64405 6 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger Pump Sprayer 8.5 Use density ( 0.32 g/ mL) to determine lb ai/ gal;

assume apply 1 gal/ day AR = ( 0.32 g/ mL)*( 1000 mL/ L)*( 3.785 L/ gal)*( 1 kg/ 1000 g)*( 2.2 lb/ kg)*( 8.5/ 100) 0.23 lb ai/ gal 1 gal/ day 4,800,000 Table 6. Residential Handler Inhalation Risks Due to Exposure to Boric Acid and its Sodium Salts as Active Ingredients Registration Number Exposure Scenario Percent active ingredient Assumptions for estimating product application rate Calculations of product application rate ( AR) Application Rate Units Area Treated or Amount Handled Dailya Units Baseline Inhalation MOEb Page 15 of 49 79628 1 Mixing/ Loading/

Applying Emulsifiable Concentrates with a Paint Brush 99.98 From label, apply 1 lb/ gallon solution;

apply 10 gallons/ day NA 1 lb ai/ gal 10 gal/ day 47,000 79628 1 Mixing/ Loading/ Ap plying Emulsifiable Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand 99.98 From label, apply 1 lb/ gallon solution;

apply 10 gallons/ day NA 1 lb ai/ gal 10 gal/ day 440,000 79628 1 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger Pump Sprayer 99.98 From label, apply 1 lb/ gallon solution;

apply 10 gallons/ day NA 1 lb ai/ gal 10 gal/ day 110,000 a Amount handled per day values are either determined from the product label or are EPA estimates of amount treated based on revised Residential SOPs ( 2/ 01).

b Baseline Dermal MOE = NOAEL ( 8.8 mg boron/ kg day) / adjusted dermal daily dose ( mg/ kg day), where adjusted dermal dose =[ daily unit exposure ( µ g/ lb ai) x application rate x amount handled per day x conversion factor ( if needed) / body weight ( 70 kg adult)] * percent boron.

c Assume area of average household room = 256 ft2. Page 16 of 49 Table 6. Summary of Consumer Inhalation Exposure Scenario Weight Fractions Years of Use Surface Area/ Body Weight Ratio ( cm2/ kg) Frequency of Use ( events/ yr) Acute Dose Rate ( mg/ kg day) Percent boron (%) Adjusted Acute Dose Rate ( mg/ kg day) Inhalation MOEa SODIUM TETRABORATE DECAHYDRATE ( Active ingredient)

General Purpose Cleaner 0.07 0.13 57 15.6 300 1.91e 04 11.34 1.7e 03 5,200 Laundry Detergent 0.01 0.05 57 15.6 52 5.96e 06 11.34 5.0e 05 180,000 SODIUM TETRABORATE ( Active ingredient)

Laundry Detergent 0.01 0.05 57 15.6 52 3.23e 06 21.49 1.5e 05 500,000 BORIC ACID ( Inert Ingredient)

General Purpose Cleaner 0.15 57 15.6 300 3.1e 03 17.5 5.0e 04 16,000 a MOE = NOAEL ( 8.8 mg boron/ kg day)/ Adjusted Acute Dose Rate Page 17 of 49 3.2 Residential Postapplication Exposures and Risks HED uses the term " postapplication" to describe exposures to individuals that occur as a result of being in an environment that has been previously treated with a pesticide. Although the endpoint is for all durations, a short term exposure assessment was conducted for young children The short term exposure assessment is the more conservative assessment. This is because short term assessment use higher percentile ( 90th ) values ( 20 per hour) for the frequency of hand to mouth events than for longer term exposures ( mean  9.5 events per hour).

3.2.1 Residential Postapplication Exposure Scenarios Postapplication exposure to boric acid and its sodium salts in pesticide products was examined in terms of hand to mouth transfer for children. It is expected that residues could be transferred through oral exposure after application of products to indoor surfaces. These products include dust and ready to use liquid formulations. In order to estimate the risk to children, application rates were calculated in terms of pounds of active ingredient applied per square foot, based either on product label information or assumptions of application areas. For those dust formulations applied to cracks and crevices ( i. e., around floorboards or under appliances), it was assumed that only 50% of the applied product would be available and of that, only 5% would be dislodgeable. Other assumptions made in the calculations of dose are provided in Table 7, including surface area, number of events, exposure time, and body weight. Using the oral NOAEL of 8.8 mg boron/ kg/ day, the MOEs ranged from 1 for a dust formulation applied to carpets to 55 for a ready to use flea spray applied to carpets.

Postapplication oral exposure to boric acid and its sodium salts can also occur through exposure to treated pool water. Two products containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate may be applied to both swimming pools and spas. In order to assess exposures, the SWIMODEL ( Version 2.0) Swimming Screening Tool was used ( Versar, 2001). Oral exposure routes were examined for adults and children by comparing daily exposures to the oral NOAEL of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day to estimate a level of risk ( MOE) Table 8 provides the SWIMODEL oral MOE estimates. Exposure output information from the SWIMODEL is provided in Appendix C.

Inert uses were also identified for boric acid and its sodium salts. One of the uses is in pesticide formulations applied to agricultural crops. The labels for these products specify the use of personal protective equipment and, therefore, these products were not examined as part of this assessment. Another inert use identified was the application of tablets or pellets to swimming pools. Two products were identified, one containing 1% boric acid and one containing 0.5% sodium metaborate. This type of scenario had been examined with products containing 100% of Page 18 of 49 sodium tetraborate pentahydrate as the active ingredient. It was assumed that the handler MOEs from use of products containing either boric acid or sodium metaborate as inert ingredients would be much greater than the use of a product containing 100% of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate. However, since the oral MOEs for children exposed through swimming were below the target MOE of 100 for sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, those scenarios were re examined using the information available for boric acid. The same application rate was assumed and a correction was made for the 1% weight fraction of boric acid in the product. The MOEs for both child exposure scenarios ( 7 10 years and 11 14 years) were above the target MOE ( see Table 8). Since the MOE for the children 11 14 years was 44,000, an adult male assessment was not performed since their exposure would be lower. The third inert use identified was in consumer products, such as general purpose cleaners, which contain boric acid as an inert ingredient ( weight fraction = 15%). It was expected that the MOE would be rather small, considering the results from the examination of general purpose cleaners containing sodium tetraborate decahydrate as an active ingredient. The CEM model was run for boric acid and the inhalation MOE was calculated to be 16,000 ( see Table 6). Page 19 of 49 Table 7. Summary of Postapplication Exposure to Children  Hand to Mouth Transfer from Indoor Surfaces Registration number/ Formulation Application Rate ( lb ai/ sq ft) Percent available Percent active ingredient dislodgeable Surface area ( cm2) Hand to Mouth ( events/ hr) Extraction by Saliva Exposure Time ( hours) Body Weight ( kg) Surface Residue ( µ g/ cm2) e Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) f % Boron Average Daily Dose ( equivalent) g MOEh BORIC ACID ( Active Ingredient)

70908 3 Dust Carpet 0.02 100% 5% 20 20 50% 8 15 9,806 26.15 17.5 9.16 1 1677 191a Dust Carpet 0.01 50% 5% 20 20 50% 8 15 5,061 6.75 17.5 2.36 4 SODIUM TETRABORATE DECAHYDRATE ( Active Ingredient)

48369 2 a Dust Carpet 0.02 50% 5% 20 20 50% 8 15 9,806 13.08 11.3 2.96 3 DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE ( Active Ingredient)

64405 6 b Spray Carpet 0.0003 100% 5% 20 20 50% 8 15 147 0.39 21.0 0.16 55 79628 1d Spray Carpet 0.001 100% 5% 20 20 50% 8 15 490 1.31 21.0 0.54 16 DISODIUM OCTABORATE ( Active Ingredient)

79628 1 e Spray Carpet 0.01 100% 5% 20 20 50% 8 15 4,903 13.08 25.0 6.54 1 a For granular bait, assumed crack and crevice scenario  assumed room size = 256 ft2 and that only spread product around edges of walls, 0.5 ft wide swath therefore application area = 31 ft2; also assume only 50% of the product is available for exposure.

b From label, apply 0.23 lb ai/ gallon to 750 ft2.

c From label, apply 1 lb ai/ gallon to 1000 ft2.

d From label, apply 1L/ 5 m2 = 0.005 gal/ ft2.

e Surface residue ( µ g/ cm2) = application rate ( lb ai/ sq ft) * ( conversion factor lb/ µ g) * ( conversion factor sq ft/ sq cm).

f Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) = ( Surface residue * percent active ingredient dislodgeable * surface area * Hand to mouth events * percent extraction by saliva * exposure time)/ body weight.

g Average daily dose ( equivalent) = average daily dose * percent boron.

h MOE = NOAEL ( 8.8 mg boron/ kg day)/ average daily dose ( equivalent). Page 20 of 49 Table 8. Postapplication Exposure to Swimmers Scenario Exposed Swimmer Chemical concentration in water ( µ g/ L) ADDa ( mg/ kg/ day) Percent boron Adjusted ADD ( mg/ kg/ day) MOEb SODIUM TETRABORATE PENTAHYDRATE ( Active ingredient)

Oral exposure Adult non competitive male 54,000 0.14 14.85 0.021 420 Child ( 7 10) non competitive 1.43 14.85 0.212 42 Child ( 11 14) non competitive 0.87 14.85 0.129 68 BORIC ACID ( Inert Ingredient)

Oral exposure Child ( 7 10) non competitive 538 0.0014 17.5 0.0002 44,000 Child ( 11 14) non competitive 0.00087 17.5 0.0002 44,000 a Oral exposure ADD ( mg/ kg/ day) = ( Exposure time, hr/ event)*( Ingestion rate, L/ hr)*( Exposure frequency, events/ hr)*( Exposure duration, hrs)*( conversion factor, mg/ µ g)/( Body weight, kg). b NOAEL of 8.8 mg boron/ kg day was used. Note: Adult MOE not shown for boric acid as an inert since Children MOEs are above 40,000.

3.2.2 Residential Risk Characterization In this assessment both residential handler inhalation exposure and postapplication oral exposure scenarios were evaluated. Of these, only certain postapplication exposure scenarios resulted in MOEs that were less than the target MOE of 100. The MOEs for residential postapplication exposure to dust and spray formulations from hand to mouth activities of children ranged from 5 to 260 and the oral MOEs for residential postapplication exposure to swimming pools ranged from 42 to 420. Several factors need to be considered when interpreting these MOEs, including:

For swimming pools:

( 1) For the swimming pool exposure scenarios there is uncertainty associated with the assumption that the pesticide applied will not dissipate For indoor uses:

( 2) For the dust formulations applied as crack and crevice treatments, the area treated is based on an assumption of the size of an average room and that the area treated would be a small swath of carpet along the edges of the room. Most of the product labels recommend that the products be applied liberally to cracks and crevices to make sure that Page 21 of 49 no powder is left visible on indoor surfaces. In the assessment it was assumed that the powder was not removed. If the residues were removed by wiping or vacuuming, the MOE would likely be greater than 100.

( 3) Many of the labels state that the pesticide products should not be applied in areas where children are permitted. This would prevent exposure of the pesticide residue to children through hand to mouth behavior.

( 4) For Liquid products applied directly to carpets, the use of a hand transfer efficiency of 5 percent for the hand to mouth pathway is likely to overestimate exposure for the oral route. In a draft letter regarding dislodgeable, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate ( DOT) residues measured with a California roller, transfer efficiencies ranging from 0.04 to 0.09 percent were reported. A discussion of the study is presented in Krieger et al., 1996; Human Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate Exposure Following Carpet Flea Treatment is Not Associated with Significant Dermal Absorption. There are several residue collection devices available to investigators. In a round robin comparison of indoor residue collection methods, it was suggested that the California roller had similar transfer efficiency as the polyurethane foam roller ( PUF). In subsequent testing, the transfer efficiency of the PUF roller has also been compared to the efficiency of wet hands. ORD determined that the transfer efficiency of wet hands was 1.5 to 3 times higher than the PUF roller. The highest percent ( 5) is used in the screening level assessment performed in this assessment. It is likely that the 5 percent transfer efficiency assumption used in the hand to mouth assessment for DOT, overestimates the exposure and risk. However, since the DOT findings are reported in a draft letter, and the round robin testing did not include any measurements of DOT, it is recommended that confirmatory hand press data be collected by the registrants to refine the hand to mouth exposure estimates for carpets treated with forms of boric acid.

In addition to the factors listed above, data from the Poison Control Center, collected from 1993 through 1998, suggest that boric acid dust is not a significant risk to children six years of age or younger. Hazard information was collected for boric acid dust and other formulations of boric acid compared with all other pesticides and with each other on six measures: percent with symptoms; percent with moderate, major, or fatal outcome; percent with major or fatal outcome; percent of exposed cases seen in a health care facility; percent hospitalized; and percent seen in a critical care facility. Dust formulations appeared to pose greater hazard than other formulations of boric acid, however, these hazards were still much lower than for other pesticides ( see Tables 9 and 10). All of the hospitalization cases were reported to have been due to actual ingestion. However, the symptoms that were reported were relatively mild ( e. g., drowsiness and nausea) and did not appear to support a finding that any of the reported cases required hospitalization. Page 22 of 49 Table 9. Comparison between boric acid dust and all pesticides for percent cases with symptomatic outcome ( SYM), moderate or more severe outcome ( MOD), life threatening or fatal outcome ( LIFE TH), seen in a health care facility ( HCF), hospitalized ( HOSP), or seen in an intensive care unit ( ICU) for children under six years old.

Pesticide SYM* MOD* LIFE TH* HCF* HOSP* ICU*

Boric acid dust 11.7% 0.51% 0.0% 13.3% 5.63% 1.66%

All Pesticides 21.8% 1.40% 0.120% 16.4% 4.78% 1.36%

Ratio 0.54 0.36 0.0 0.81 1.18 1.22 * Symptomatic cases based on those cases with a minor, moderate, major, or fatal medical outcome. Denominator for SYM, MOD, and LIFE TH is the total cases where medical outcome was determined. Denominator for HCF is all exposures. Denominator for HOSP and ICU is all cases seen in a health care facility.

Table 10. Comparison between other formulations of boric acid and all pesticides for percent cases with symptomatic outcome ( SYM), moderate or more severe outcome ( MOD), life threatening or fatal outcome ( LIFE TH), seen in a health care facility ( HCF), hospitalized ( HOSP), or seen in an intensive care unit ( ICU) for children under six years old.

Pesticide SYM* MOD* LIFE TH* HCF* HOSP* ICU*

Boric acid  other formulations 5.24% 0.24% 0.0% 5.77% 2.12% 0.42%

All Pesticides 21.8% 1.40% 0.120% 16.4% 4.78% 1.36%

Ratio 0.24 0.17 0.0 0.35 0.44 0.34 * Symptomatic cases based on those cases with a minor, moderate, major, or fatal medical outcome. Denominator for SYM, MOD, and LIFE TH is the total cases where medical outcome was determined. Denominator for HCF is all exposures. Denominator for HOSP and ICU is all cases seen in a health care facility.

The postapplication scenarios examined here should be further evaluated in light of the estimated high risk to children from hand to mouth activities and swimming pool exposures.

4.0 Environmental Fate/ Ecotoxicity/ Drinking Water Considerations Boric acid is a very weak acid ( pKa = 9.15) and in freshwater exists primarily as the undissociated boric acid below a pH of 7. The metaborate anion becomes the main species in solution above a pH of 10. Borates do not degrade but complex with organic matter and sod mineral surfaces and can be altered by water leaching and pH changes ( WHO, 1998). Boric acid and its sodium salts occur naturally in the environment and their adsorption/ desorption coefficients have been reported to be less than one, confirming that the compounds are mobile ( EPA, 1993).

Studies on the ecotoxicity of boric acid and its sodium salts have indicated that they are practically nontoxic to birds, fish and aquatic invertebrates and relatively nontoxic to beneficial insects. Two of boric acid's uses, in rights of way herbicides and noncrop herbicides, have been suggested to pose a possible risk to aquatic invertebrates and plants, including some that may be endangered or threatened. However, the use practices are limited to treatment of small areas and Page 23 of 49 area specific use limitations have been issued. The Agency believes that the limited outdoor use patterns, low toxicity and natural presence in terrestrial and aquatic environments reduces the potential for risk to non target organisms ( EPA, 1993).

5.0 Cumulative Exposure Section 408( b)( 2)( D)( v) of the FFDCA requires that, when considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency consider " available information" concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and " other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity." If chemicals are structurally related and all are low toxicity chemicals, then the risks either separately or combined should also be low.

EPA does not have, at this time, available data to determine whether boric acid and its sodium salts have a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity, EPA has not made a common mechanism of toxicity finding as to boric acid and its sodium salts and any other substances, and boric acid and its sodium salts do not appear to produce toxic metabolites produced by other substances.

For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not assumed that boric acid and its sodium salts have a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. For information regarding the Agency's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the policy statements released by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs concerning common mechanism determinations and procedures for cumulating effects from substances found to have a common mechanism on EPA's website at http:// www. epa. gov/ pesticides/ cumulative/.

References Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ( ATSDR). 1992. Toxicological Profile for Boron and Compounds. U. S. Public Health Service.

Krieger, R. L.; Dinoff, T. M.; and Peterson, J.: Human Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate Exposure Following Carpet Flea Treatment is Not Associated with Significant Dermal Exposure. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 279 288, 1996.

Material Safety Data Sheet for 20 Mule Team ® Tim bor ® Industrial. 1996. Ecological information providing percent of boron in disodium octaborate tetrahydrate. http:// www. bpbcorp. com/ boratesht. html Page 24 of 49 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH). 2001. International Chemical Safety Cards ( ICSC): Boric Acid  0991; Sodium tetraborate decahydrate  0567; Sodium tetraborate  1229. http:// www. cdc. gov/ niosh/ npg/ npg. html Science Advisory Council ( SAC) for Exposure ( 2001) Policy 12: Revised Residential SOP Assumptions ( February 22, 2001).

U. S. EPA. 1993. Reregistration Eligibility Decision ( RED): Boric Acid and its Sodium Salts. Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances ( 7508W). EPA 738 R 93 017.

Versar, Inc. 1999. Consumer Exposure Module ( CEM), Version 1.2. Prepared for the Economics, Exposure and Technology Division of the Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxic Substances.

Versar, Inc. 2001. SWIMODEL, Version 2.0. Prepared for the Office of Pesticide Programs, Antimicrobial Division.

World Health Organization ( WHO). 1998. Environmental Health Criteria 204: Boron. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Prepared by: Ms. C. Smallwood, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. http:// www. inchem. org/ documents/ ehc/ ehc/ ehc204. htm Page 25 of 49 APPENDIX A Active Ingredient Residential Handler Exposure Page 26 of 49 Residential Handler Inhalation Risks Exposure Scenario Application Rate Application Rate Units Area Treated Daily Units Inhalation Unit Exposure ( µ g/ lb ai) Inhalation Exposurea ( mg/ day) Inhalation Doseb ( mg/ kgday % boron Inhalation Doseequivalentc ( mg/ kg day) Inhalation MOEd Mixer/ Loader/ Applicator BORIC ACID Mixing/ Loading/ Applying Dusts via Shaker Can 0.02 lb ai/ ft2 256 ft2/ day 870 4.5 0.064 17.5 0.011 36,000 Applying Ready to Use Formulations with Aerosol Cans 0.27 lb ai/ day 1 NA 2400 0.65 0.0093 17.5 0.0016 250,000 Granular Bait Dispersed by Hand 0.32 lb ai/ day 1 NA 467 0.15 0.0021 17.5 0.00037 1,100,000 SODIUM TETRABORATE DECAHYDRATE Mixing/ Loading/ Applying Dusts via Shaker Can 0.5 lb ai/ day 1 NA 870 0.44 0.0062 11.34 0.0007 570,000 SODIUM TETRABORATE PENTAHYDRATE Loading/ Applying Granulars via Spoon or Cup 0.0045 lb ai/ gallon 20,000 gallons 45 4.1 0.058 14.85 0.0086 47,000 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Pour on ( using PHED liquid mixer/ loader data) 0.0031 lb ai/ gallon 200 gallons 1.2 0.00074 0.000011 14.85 0.0000016 250,000,000 SODIUM TETRABORATE Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger

Pump Sprayer 0.06 lb ai/ gallon 0.125 gallons 123 0.00092 0.000013 21.49 0.0000028 140,000,000 DISODIUM OCTABORATE Exposure Scenario Application Rate Application Rate Units Area Treated Daily Units Inhalation Unit Exposure ( µ g/ lb ai) Inhalation Exposurea ( mg/ day) Inhalation Doseb ( mg/ kgday % boron Inhalation Doseequivalentc ( mg/ kg day) Inhalation MOEd Page 27 of 49 Mixing/ Loading/ Applying Emulsifiable Concentrates with a Paint Brush 2.72 lb ai/ gallon 0.264 gallons 284 0.2 0.0029 25.00 0.00073 550,000 DISODIUM OCTABORATE TETRAHYDRATE Mixing/ Loading/ Applying Emulsifiable Concentrates with Low Pressure Handwand 1 lb ai/ gallon 10 gallons 30 0.3 0.0043 20.96 0.0009 440,000 Mixing/ Loading/ Applying Emulsifiable Concentrates with a Paint Brush 1 lb ai/ gallon 10 gallons 284 2.8 0.041 20.96 0.0086 47,000 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger

Pump Sprayer 0.23 lb ai/ gallon 1 gallons 123 0.028 0.0004 20.96 0.000084 4,800,000 Applying Ready to Use Formulations via Trigger

Pump Sprayer 1 lb ai/ gallon 10 gallons 123 1.2 0.018 20.96 0.0038 110,000 a Inhalation Exposure = ( Application rate)*( Area treated daily)*( Inhalation unit exposure)/( 1000).

b Inhalation Dose = ( Inhalation exposure)/( Adult body weight).

c Inhalation Dose equivalent = ( Inhalation dose) * ( percent boron).

d MOE = NOAEL ( 8.9 mg/ kg day)/ Inhalation dose equivalent. Page 28 of 49 APPENDIX B Active Ingredient Consumer Use Residential Exposure Page 29 of 49 CEM Inputs ID Number: Unknown Product: Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Chemical Name: sodium tetraborate decahydrate Scenario: General Purpose Cleaner Population: Adult Molecular Weight ( g/ mole): 381.9 Vapor Pressure ( torr): 1e 06 Weight Fraction  Median ( unitless): 0.07 Weight Fraction  90% ( unitless): 0.13 Inhalation Inputs Frequency of Use ( events/ yr): 300 Years of Use: 57 Mass of Product Used per Event  Median ( g): 61.5 Mass of Product Used per Event  90% ( g): 123 Inhalation Rate During Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  Median ( hours/ event): 0.667 Inhalation Rate After Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  90% ( hours/ event): 1.42 Zone 1 Volume ( m3): 20 Whole House Volume ( m3): 369 Air Exchange Rate ( air exchanges/ hr): 0.45 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Activity Patterns User: 1111111221542467422744411 Start Time: 7 Non User: Room of Use: 2. Kitchen Hour: 0 6 12 18 Dermal Inputs Frequency of Use  Body ( events/ yr): 300 SA/ BW  Body ( cm2/ kg): 15.6 Amount Retained / Absorbed to Skin ( g/ cm2 event): 3.6e 05 Avg. Time, LADDpot, LADCpot ( days): 2.74e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADDpot, ADCpot ( days): 2.08e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADRpot, Cppot ( days): 1.00e+ 00 Page 30 of 49 CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates ID Number: sodium tetraborate decahydrate Scenario: General Purpose Cleaner Population: Adult Inhalation Rate ( m3/ day): 0.55 Years of Use ( years): 57 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Frequency of Use ( events/ year): 300 Exposure Units Result AT ( days)

Chronic Cancer LADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 1.44e 03 2.74e+ 04 LADCpot ( mg/ m3) 7.84e 03 2.74e+ 04 Chronic Non Cancer ADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 1.90e 03 2.08e+ 04 ADCpot ( mg/ m3) 1.03e 02 2.08e+ 04 Acute ADRpot ( mg/ kg day) 1.91e 04 1.00e+ 00 Cppot ( mg/ m3) 2.21e 03 1.00e+ 00 LADD  Lifetime Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) LADC  Lifetime Average Daily Concentration ( mg/ m3)

ADD  Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) ADC  Average Daily Concentration ( mug/ m3)

ADR  Acute Dose Rate ( mg/ kg day) Cp  Peak Concentration ( mg/ m3)

Note: 75 years = 2.738e+ 04 days pot  potential dose Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short term, infrequent events ( for most chemicals, an exposure of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute exposures rather than as chronic exposure. Thus, estimates of long term average exposure like ADD or ADC may not be appropriate for use in assessing risks associated with this type of exposure pattern. ( Methods for Exposure Response Analysis for Acute Inhalation Exposure to Chemicals ( External Review Draft). EPA/ 600/ R 98/ 051. April 1998 Page 31 of 49 CEM Inputs ID Number: Unknown Product: sodium tetraborate decahydrate Chemical Name: sodium tetraborate decahydrate Scenario: Laundry Detergent Population: Adult Molecular Weight ( g/ mole): 381.9 Vapor Pressure ( torr): 1e 06 Weight Fraction  Median ( unitless): 0.01 Weight Fraction  90% ( unitless): 0.05 Inhalation Inputs Frequency of Use ( events/ yr): 312 Years of Use: 57 Mass of Product Used per Event  Median ( g): 200 Mass of Product Used per Event  90% ( g): 400 Inhalation Rate During Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  Median ( hours/ event): 0.333 Inhalation Rate After Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  90% ( hours/ event): 0.667 Zone 1 Volume ( m3): 20 Whole House Volume ( m3): 369 Air Exchange Rate ( air exchanges/ hr): 0.45 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Activity Patterns User: 1111111235542467422744411 Start Time: 9 Non User: Room of Use: 5. Utility Room Hour: 0 6 12 18 Dermal Inputs Frequency of Use  Body ( events/ yr): 52 SA/ BW  Body ( cm2/ kg): 15.6 Amount Retained / Absorbed to Skin ( g/ cm2 event): 1.13e 05 Avg. Time, LADDpot, LADCpot ( days): 2.74e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADDpot, ADCpot ( days): 2.08e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADRpot, Cppot ( days): 1.00e+ 00 Page 32 of 49 CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates ID Number: sodium tetraborate decahydrate Scenario: Laundry Detergent Population: Adult Inhalation Rate ( m3/ day): 0.55 Years of Use ( years): 57 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Frequency of Use ( events/ year): 312 Exposure Units Result AT ( days)

Chronic Cancer LADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 1.91e 07 2.74e+ 04 LADCpot ( mg/ m3) 1.04e 06 2.74e+ 04 Chronic Non Cancer ADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 2.52e 07 2.08e+ 04 ADCpot ( mg/ m3) 1.37e 06 2.08e+ 04 Acute ADRpot ( mg/ kg day) 5.96e 06 1.00e+ 00 Cppot ( mg/ m3) 8.33e 04 1.00e+ 00 LADD  Lifetime Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) LADC  Lifetime Average Daily Concentration ( mg/ m3)

ADD  Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) ADC  Average Daily Concentration ( mug/ m3)

ADR  Acute Dose Rate ( mg/ kg day) Cp  Peak Concentration ( mg/ m3)

Note: 75 years = 2.738e+ 04 days pot  potential dose Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short term, infrequent events ( for most chemicals, an exposure of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute exposures rather than as chronic exposure. Thus, estimates of long term average exposure like ADD or ADC may not be appropriate for use in assessing risks associated with this type of exposure pattern. ( Methods for Exposure Response Analysis for Acute Inhalation Exposure to Chemicals ( External Review Draft). EPA/ 600/ R 98/ 051. April 1998 Page 33 of 49 CEM Inputs ID Number: Unknown Product: sodium tetraborate Chemical Name: sodium tetraborate Scenario: Laundry Detergent Population: Adult Molecular Weight ( g/ mole): 201.3 Vapor Pressure ( torr): 1e 06 Weight Fraction  Median ( unitless): 0.01 Weight Fraction  90% ( unitless): 0.05 Inhalation Inputs Frequency of Use ( events/ yr): 312 Years of Use: 57 Mass of Product Used per Event  Median ( g): 200 Mass of Product Used per Event  90% ( g): 400 Inhalation Rate During Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  Median ( hours/ event): 0.333 Inhalation Rate After Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  90% ( hours/ event): 0.667 Zone 1 Volume ( m3): 20 Whole House Volume ( m3): 369 Air Exchange Rate ( air exchanges/ hr): 0.45 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Activity Patterns User: 1111111235542467422744411 Start Time: 9 Non User: Room of Use: 5. Utility Room Hour: 0 6 12 18 Dermal Inputs Frequency of Use  Body ( events/ yr): 52 SA/ BW  Body ( cm2/ kg): 15.6 Amount Retained / Absorbed to Skin ( g/ cm2 event): 1.13e 05 Avg. Time, LADDpot, LADCpot ( days): 2.74e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADDpot, ADCpot ( days): 2.08e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADRpot, Cppot ( days): 1.00e+ 00 Page 34 of 49 CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates ID Number: sodium tetraborate Scenario: Laundry Detergent Population: Adult Inhalation Rate ( m3/ day): 0.55 Years of Use ( years): 57 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Frequency of Use ( events/ year): 312 Exposure Units Result AT ( days)

Chronic Cancer LADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 1.04e 07 2.74e+ 04 LADCpot ( mg/ m3) 5.65e 07 2.74e+ 04 Chronic Non Cancer ADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 1.37e 07 2.08e+ 04 ADCpot ( mg/ m3) 7.43e 07 2.08e+ 04 Acute ADRpot ( mg/ kg day) 3.23e 06 1.00e+ 00 Cppot ( mg/ m3) 4.52e 04 1.00e+ 00 LADD  Lifetime Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) LADC  Lifetime Average Daily Concentration ( mg/ m3)

ADD  Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) ADC  Average Daily Concentration ( mug/ m3)

ADR  Acute Dose Rate ( mg/ kg day) Cp  Peak Concentration ( mg/ m3)

Note: 75 years = 2.738e+ 04 days pot  potential dose Note: The general Agency guidance for assessing short term, infrequent events ( for most chemicals, an exposure of less than 24 hours that occurs no more frequently than monthly) is to treat such events as independent, acute exposures rather than as chronic exposure. Thus, estimates of long term average exposure like ADD or ADC may not be appropriate for use in assessing risks associated with this type of exposure pattern. ( Methods for Exposure Response Analysis for Acute Inhalation Exposure to Chemicals ( External Review Draft). EPA/ 600/ R 98/ 051. April 1998. Page 35 of 49 APPENDIX C Inert Ingredient Consumer Use Residential Exposure Page 36 of 49 CEM Inputs ID Number: Unknown Product: Boric Acid ( inert ingredient) Chemical Name: Boric Acid Scenario: General Purpose Cleaner Population: Adult Molecular Weight ( g/ mole): 61.9 Vapor Pressure ( torr): 0.0001 Weight Fraction  Median ( unitless): 0.15 Weight Fraction  90% ( unitless): 0.15 Inhalation Inputs Frequency of Use ( events/ yr): 300 Years of Use: 57 Mass of Product Used per Event  Median ( g): 61.5 Mass of Product Used per Event  90% ( g): 123 Inhalation Rate During Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  Median ( hours/ event): 0.667 Inhalation Rate After Use ( m3/ hr): 0.55 Duration of Use  90% ( hours/ event): 1.42 Zone 1 Volume ( m3): 20 Whole House Volume ( m3): 369 Air Exchange Rate ( air exchanges/ hr): 0.45 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Activity Patterns User: 1111111221542467422744411 Start Time: 7 Non User: Room of Use: 2. Kitchen Hour: 0 6 12 18 Dermal Inputs Frequency of Use  Body ( events/ yr): 300 SA/ BW  Body ( cm2/ kg): 15.6 Amount Retained / Absorbed to Skin ( g/ cm2 event): 3.6e 05 Avg. Time, LADDpot, LADCpot ( days): 2.74e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADDpot, ADCpot ( days): 2.08e+ 04 Avg. Time, ADRpot, Cppot ( days): 1.00e+ 00 Page 37 of 49 CEM Inhalation Exposure Estimates ID Number: Unknown Scenario: General Purpose Cleaner Population: Adult Inhalation Rate ( m3/ day): 0.55 Years of Use ( years): 57 Body Weight ( kg): 71.8 Frequency of Use ( events/ year): 300 Exposure Units Result AT ( days)

Chronic Cancer LADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 4.08e 02 2.74e+ 04 LADCpot ( mg/ m3) 2.22e 01 2.74e+ 04 Chronic Non Cancer ADDpot ( mg/ kg day) 5.36e 02 2.08e+ 04 ADCpot ( mg/ m3) 2.92e 01 2.08e+ 04 Acute ADRpot ( mg/ kg day) 3.10e 03 1.00e+ 00 Cppot ( mg/ m3) 3.63e 02 1.00e+ 00 LADD  Lifetime Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) LADC  Lifetime Average Daily Concentration ( mg/ m3)

ADD  Average Daily Dose ( mg/ kg day) ADC  Average Daily Concentration ( mug/ m3)

ADR  Acute Dose Rate ( mg/ kg day) Cp  Peak Concentration ( mg/ m3) Page 38 of 49 APPENDIX C Active Ingredient Swimmer Postapplication Exposure Page 39 of 49 SWIMODEL ORAL EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Adult Non Competitive Male SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD 13.50 0.00 0.00 13.50 0.14 1.49E 03 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 1.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 2.50E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 3.02 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 0.10 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 30.00 years Body weight ( BW): 95.70 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature N/ A degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility N/ A N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure N/ A torr Vapor concentration 0.00 ug/ m3 Page 40 of 49 SWIMODEL ORAL EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Adult Non Competitive Female SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD 13.50 0.00 0.00 13.50 0.16 1.69E 03 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 1.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 2.50E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 2.67 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 0.10 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 30.00 years Body weight ( BW): 84.40 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature N/ A degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility N/ A N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure N/ A torr Vapor concentration 0.00 ug/ m3 Page 41 of 49 SWIMODEL ORAL EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Child ( 7 10) Non Competitive SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD 54.00 0.00 0.00 54.00 1.43 2.01E 03 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 2.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 5.00E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 1.89 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 0.10 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 4.00 years Body weight ( BW): 37.80 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature N/ A degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility N/ A N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure N/ A torr Vapor concentration 0.00 ug/ m3 Page 42 of 49 SWIMODEL ORAL EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Child ( 11 14) Non Competitive SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD 54.00 0.00 0.00 54.00 0.87 1.23E 03 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 2.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 5.00E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 3.11 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 0.10 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 4.00 years Body weight ( BW): 62.00 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature N/ A degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility N/ A N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure N/ A torr Vapor concentration 0.00 ug/ m3 Page 43 of 49 SWIMODEL INHALATION EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Adult Non Competitive Male SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD N/ A 0.00 0.24 0.24 2.52E 03 2.66E 05 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 1.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 2.50E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 3.02 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 4.47E 07 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 30.00 years Body weight ( BW): 95.70 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature 20.00 degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility 5.55E 306 N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure 1.00E 06 torr Vapor concentration 241.24 ug/ m3 Page 44 of 49 SWIMODEL INHALATION EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Adult Non Competitive Female SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD N/ A 0.00 0.24 0.24 2.81E 03 2.97E 05 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 1.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 2.50E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 2.67 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 4.47E 07 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 30.00 years Body weight ( BW): 84.40 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature 20.00 degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility 5.55E 306 N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure 1.00E 06 torr Vapor concentration 237.20 ug/ m3 Page 45 of 49 SWIMODEL INHALATION EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Child ( 7 10) Non Competitive SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD N/ A 0.00 0.47 0.47 1.26E 02 1.77E 05 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 2.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 5.00E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 1.89 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 4.47E 07 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 4.00 years Body weight ( BW): 37.80 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature 20.00 degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility 5.55E 306 N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure 1.00E 06 torr Vapor concentration 237.20 ug/ m3 Page 46 of 49 SWIMODEL INHALATION EXPOSURE RESULTS FOR Child ( 11 14) Non Competitive SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD N/ A 0.00 0.47 0.47 7.65E 03 1.08E 05 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 5.40E+ 05 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 2.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 5.00E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 3.11 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 4.47E 07 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 4.00 years Body weight ( BW): 62.00 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature 20.00 degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility 5.55E 306 N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure 1.00E 06 torr Vapor concentration 237.20 ug/ m3 Page 47 of 49 APPENDIX D Inert Ingredient Swimmer Postapplication Exposure Page 48 of 49 SWIMODEL ORAL RESULTS FOR Child ( 7 10) Non Competitive SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Boric Acid Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD 5.38E 02 0.00 0.00 5.38E 02 1.42E 03 2.01E 06 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 538.00 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 2.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 5.00E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 1.89 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 0.10 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 4.00 years Body weight ( BW): 37.80 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature N/ A degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility N/ A N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure N/ A torr Vapor concentration 0.00 ug/ m3 Page 49 of 49 SWIMODEL ORAL RESULTS FOR Child ( 11 14) Non Competitive SWIMMER EXPOSED TO Boric Acid Toral Tdermal Tinhale Texp ADD LADD 5.38E 02 0.00 0.00 5.38E 02 8.68E 04 1.22E 06 Where:

Toral = Total oral exposure per event ( mg/ event)

Tdermal = Total dermal exposure per event ( mg/ event) Tinhale = Total inhalation exposure per event ( mg/ event) Texp = Total exposure ( all routes) ( mg/ event) ADD = Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day) LADD = Lifetime Average daily dose ( mg/ kg day)

SWIMODEL INPUTS Chemical concentration in water ( Cw): 538.00 µ g/ liter Exposure time ( period over which exposure is averaged) ( ET): 2.00 hours/ event ( 90% ile value used)

Contact rate ( water ingested) ( CR): 5.00E 02 liters/ hour Surface area of whole body ( SA): 3.11 m2 ( 90% ile value used)

Henry's Law Constant ( unitless) 0.10 Inhalation rate ( IR): 1.00 m3/ hr Exposure frequency ( EF): 9.00 events/ year Exposure duration ( ED): 4.00 years Body weight ( BW): 62.00 kg ( 90% ile value used)

Averaging time ( AT): 70.00 years Permeability coefficient ( Kp) 1.00E 03 cm/ hr Ambient air temperature N/ A degrees C Henry's Law Constant N/ A atm m3/ mol Solubility N/ A N/ A Molecular weight N/ A g/ mole Vapor pressure N/ A torr Vapor concentration 0.00 ug/ m3


[Federal Register: August 2, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 148)]
[Notices]
[Page 43723]
[DOCID:fr02au06-47]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

[Docket No. RP06-441-000]

Florida Gas Transmission Company; Notice of Proposed Changes in
FERC Gas Tariff

July 26, 2006.
    Take notice that on July 21, 2006, Florida Gas Transmission Company
(FGT) tendered for filing as part of its FERC Gas Tariff, Third Revised
Volume No. 1, the following tariff sheets, to become effective August
1, 2006:

Seventy-Eighth Revised Sheet No. 8A
Sixty-Ninth Revised Sheet No. 8A.01
Sixty-Ninth Revised Sheet No. 8A.02
Twenty-Ninth Revised Sheet No. 8A.04
Seventy-Second Revised Sheet No. 8B
Sixty-Fifth Revised Sheet No. 8B.01
Twenty-First Revised Sheet No. 8B.02

    Any person desiring to intervene or to protest this filing must
file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Rules of
Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211 and 385.214). Protests will be
considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate action to
be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to the
proceeding. Any person wishing to become a party must file a notice of
intervention or motion to intervene, as appropriate. Such notices,
motions, or protests must be filed in accordance with the provisions of
Section 154.210 of the Commission's regulations (18 CFR 154.210).
Anyone filing an intervention or protest must serve a copy of that
document on the Applicant. Anyone filing an intervention or protest on
or before the intervention or protest date need not serve motions to
intervene or protests on persons other than the Applicant.
    The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests and
interventions in lieu of paper using the ``eFiling'' link at http://www.ferc.gov.
 Persons unable to file electronically should submit an

original and 14 copies of the protest or intervention to the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC
20426.
    This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov, using the

``eLibrary'' link and is available for review in the Commission's
Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an ``eSubscription''
link on the Web site that enables subscribers to receive e-mail
notification when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For
assistance with any FERC Online service, please e-mail
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or call<PHONE_NUMBER> (toll free). For

TTY, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.

Magalie R. Salas,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. E6-12382 Filed 8-1-06; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6717-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 123 (Tuesday, June 28, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 38270-38271]
[FR Doc No: 2022-13569]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 71

[Docket No. FAA-2022-0308; Airspace Docket No. 22-AGL-18]
RIN 2120-AA66

Amendment of Class E Airspace; Mosinee, WI

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This action amends the Class E airspace at Mosinee, WI. The
FAA is taking this action due to an airspace review conducted as part
of the decommissioning of the Wausau very high frequency (VHF)
omnidirectional range (VOR) as part of the VOR Minimal Operational
Network (MON) Program.

DATES: Effective 0901 UTC, September 8, 2022. The Director of the
Federal Register approves this incorporation by reference action under
1 CFR part 51, subject to the annual revision of FAA Order JO 7400.11
and publication of conforming amendments.

ADDRESSES: FAA Order JO 7400.11F, Airspace Designations and Reporting
Points, and subsequent amendments can be viewed online at https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/. For further information, you can
contact the Airspace Policy Group, Federal Aviation Administration, 800
Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20591; telephone: (202) 267-
8783.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jeffrey Claypool, Federal Aviation
Administration, Operations Support Group, Central Service Center, 10101
Hillwood Parkway, Fort Worth, TX 76177; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Authority for This Rulemaking

    The FAA's authority to issue rules regarding aviation safety is
found in Title 49 of the United States Code. Subtitle I, Section 106
describes the authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII,
Aviation Programs, describes in more detail the scope of the agency's
authority. This rulemaking is promulgated under the authority described
in Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart I, Section 40103. Under that section,
the FAA is charged with prescribing regulations to assign the use of
airspace necessary to ensure the safety of aircraft and the efficient
use of airspace. This regulation is within the scope of that authority
as it amends the Class E airspace extending upward from 700 feet above
the surface at Central Wisconsin Airport, Mosinee, WI, to support
instrument flight rule operations at this airport.

History

    The FAA published a notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal
Register (87 FR 21067; April 11, 2022) for Docket No. FAA-2022-0308 to
amend the Class E airspace at Mosinee, WI. Interested parties were
invited to participate in this rulemaking effort by submitting written
comments on the proposal to the FAA. No comments were received.
    Class E airspace designations are published in paragraph 6005 of
FAA Order JO 7400.11F, dated August 10, 2021, and effective September
15, 2021, which is incorporated by reference in 14 CFR 71.1. The Class
E airspace designations listed in this document will be published
subsequently in FAA Order JO 7400.11.

Availability and Summary of Documents for Incorporation by Reference

    This document amends FAA Order JO 7400.11F, Airspace Designations
and Reporting Points, dated August 10, 2021, and effective September
15, 2021. FAA Order JO 7400.11F is publicly available as listed in the
ADDRESSES section of this document. FAA Order JO 7400.11F lists Class
A, B, C, D, and E airspace areas, air traffic service routes, and
reporting points.

Differences From the NPRM

    Subsequent to publication of the NPRM the FAA discovered that the
geographic coordinates for the Central Wisconsin: RWY 08-LOC were
incorrect. ``(lat. 44[deg]47'07'' N, long. 89[deg]28'30'' W)'' has been
corrected to ``(lat. 44[deg]47'07'' N, long. 89[deg]38'30'' W).'' This
correction has been incorporated into this action.

The Rule

    This amendment to 14 CFR part 71 amends the Class E airspace
extending upward from 700 feet above the surface at Central Wisconsin
Airport, Mosinee, WI, by removing the Wausau VORTAC from the airspace
legal description; adds an extension 1 mile each side of the 170[deg]
bearing from the Central Wisconsin: RWY 35-LOC extending from the 7-
mile radius from the airport to 11.2 miles south of the airport; adds
an extension 1 mile each side of the 257[deg] bearing from the Central
Wisconsin: RWY 08-LOC extending from the 7-mile radius of the airport
to 11.5 miles west of the airport; and removes the extension north of
the airport as the amended extension would be contained within the
Wausau, WI, Class E airspace so would be redundant.
    This action is due to an airspace review conducted as part of the
decommissioning of the Wausau VOR, which provided navigation
information for the instrument procedures at this airport, as part of
the VOR MON Program.
    FAA Order JO 7400.11, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points,
is published yearly and effective on September 15.

Regulatory Notices and Analyses

    The FAA has determined that this regulation only involves an
established body of technical regulations for which frequent and
routine amendments are necessary to keep them operationally current, is
non-controversial and unlikely to result in adverse or negative
comments. It, therefore: (1) is not a ``significant regulatory action''
under Executive Order 12866; (2) is not a ``significant rule'' under
DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures (44 FR 11034; February 26,
1979); and (3) does not warrant preparation of a regulatory evaluation
as the anticipated impact is so minimal. Since this is a routine matter
that only affects air traffic procedures and air navigation, it is
certified that this rule, when promulgated, does not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the
criteria of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

Environmental Review

    The FAA has determined that this action qualifies for categorical
exclusion under the National Environmental Policy Act in accordance
with FAA Order 1050.1F, ``Environmental Impacts: Policies and
Procedures,'' paragraph 5-6.5.a. This airspace action is not expected
to cause any potentially significant environmental impacts, and no
extraordinary circumstances exist that warrant preparation of an
environmental assessment.

Lists of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71

    Airspace, Incorporation by reference, Navigation (air).

Adoption of the Amendment

    In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation
Administration amends 14 CFR part 71 as follows:

PART 71--DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR
TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND REPORTING POINTS

0
1. The authority citation for part 71 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g); 40103, 40113, 40120; E.O.
10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959-1963 Comp., p. 389.

Sec.  71.1   [Amended]

0
2. The incorporation by reference in 14 CFR 71.1 of FAA Order JO
7400.11F, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points, dated August 10,
2021, and effective September 15, 2021, is amended as follows:

Paragraph 6005 Class E Airspace Areas Extending Upward From 700
Feet or More Above the Surface of the Earth.

* * * * *

AGL WI E5 Mosinee, WI [Amended]

Central Wisconsin Airport, WI
    (Lat. 44[deg]46'39'' N, long. 89[deg]40'00'' W)
Central Wisconsin: RWY 35-LOC
    (Lat. 44[deg]47'02'' N, long. 89[deg]40'34'' W)
Central Wisconsin: RWY 08-LOC
    (Lat. 44[deg]47'07'' N, long. 89[deg]38'30'' W)

    That airspace extending upward from 700 feet above the surface
within a 7-mile radius of the Central Wisconsin Airport, and within
1 mile each side of the 170[deg] bearing from the Central Wisconsin:
RWY 35-LOC extending from the 7-mile radius of the airport to 11.2
miles south of the airport, and within 1 mile each side of the
257[deg] bearing from the Central Wisconsin: RWY 08-LOC extending
from the 7-mile radius of the airport to 11.5 miles west of the
airport.

    Issued in Fort Worth, Texas, on June 21, 2022.
Wayne L. Eckenrode,
Acting Manager, Operations Support Group, ATO Central Service Center.
[FR Doc. 2022-13569 Filed 6-27-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P