building disparities and placement and installation of equipment.
    Response: EPA agrees with the commenter that this final rule, which
adds to the list of acceptable substitutes, is consistent with
requirements of the RFA. The commenter raises a concern that actions
that remove substitutes from the list of acceptable substitutes could
have implications for the RFA. EPA will address the RFA in any action
proposing and finalizing a decision to remove one or more substitutes
from the lists of acceptable substitutes.
    Comment: Traulsen commented that although this rule adding these
substitutes may not be affected by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
(UMRA) or Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), subsequent SNAP rules may.
    Response: EPA will address how these Acts apply to any subsequent
action in that separate action.
    Comment: Traulsen stated that it supports the Agency's adoption of
well-known and developed safety standards like those issued by UL and
other organizations under the application of the National Technology
Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA).
    Response: EPA appreciates the support for this aspect of the rule.
    Comment: Traulsen expressed interest in EPA's statement regarding
the position of deferring to agencies with jurisdiction in other areas,
with regards to Executive Order (EO) 13132: Federalism and 13175:
Tribal Governments. Specifically, the commenter is interested in how
those orders apply to the installation of equipment in localities where
the substitutes are regulated under different authorities, including
VOC and building occupancy codes.
    Response: This regulation does not impose direct requirements on
state, local, or tribal governments, nor does it preempt state, local,
or tribal law, the major concerns of EO 13132 and 13175. When using the
refrigerants in this final rule, technicians, end users, and
manufacturers would need to comply with the requirements in this final
rule and must also comply with state, local, or tribal laws. For
example, if local occupancy codes do not allow intentional release of
hydrocarbons on the premises, or if a state regulation limits VOC
releases, a technician may not be able to release hydrocarbon
refrigerants to the atmosphere, even if they would be permitted to do
so by this rule.

J. Relationship With Other Rules

    Comment: NAFEM, Master-Bilt Products, and private citizens raised
concerns about the relationship between this rule and the proposed
rule, Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Change of Listing Status for
Certain Substitutes under the Significant New Alternatives Policy
Program (August 6, 2014, 79 FR 46126). Among the concerns expressed are
that available alternatives to comply with the other proposed rule are
not commercially available drop-in replacements, thus requiring
redesign of equipment, additional testing, training, and cost; the
compliance date proposed in the other rule is too short; the potential
for detrimental effects of alternative refrigerants on energy
efficiency demanded by Department of Energy (DOE) standards; and the
charge size restrictions in this rule will mean many types of equipment
will not be able to use the refrigerants listed in this rule to comply
with the Change of Listing Status proposed rule.
    Response: The concerns raised by these commenters concern the basis
for certain decisions in the Change of Listing Status proposed rule,
including whether alternatives other than those we propose to list as
unacceptable are available and what is the appropriate date on which a
substitute is no longer acceptable for use. EPA will address these
issues concerning the Change of Listing Status proposed rule when we
take final action on that proposal. As discussed above in section
VI.B.2, ``Energy efficiency and indirect climate impacts,'' available
information supports reduced energy use with the refrigerants being
listed in this final rule. We note that we are continually reviewing
and listing additional alternatives for the various end-uses at issue.
    Comment: NAFEM stated that their industry has been inundated with
various DOE energy standards rulemakings, as well as this rule and the
proposed rule concerning changing the listing status of some
alternatives. The commenter mentioned the timing and cumulative impacts
of other government actions and requested a 60-day

extension to the comment period for EPA's proposal to change the
listing status of certain alternatives.
    Response: This comment concerns the comment period on a separate
rule. EPA responded to this request to extend the public comment period
on the proposal to change the listing status of certain alternatives by
granting a 14-day extension. For further information, please see EPA
Docket # EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0198, ``Protection of Stratospheric Ozone:
Change of Listing Status for Certain Substitutes under the Significant
New Alternatives Policy Program.''

K. Timing of Final Rule

    Comment: Daikin, EIA, and some private citizens requested EPA to
move forward with the final rule as quickly as possible, while NAFEM
requested that EPA delay both this final rule and the final rule to
change the listing status of certain alternatives. Commenters in favor
of finalizing the rule as quickly as possible cite environmental
reasons and point out that hydrocarbons are already widely in use
around the world. Commenters in favor of delay note the separate
proposal concerning the change of status of certain substitutes and
requested that EPA extend the compliance deadline to ensure adequate
training.
    Response: EPA appreciates the support from those commenters
requesting rapid promulgation of this rule. We agree that finalizing
this rule promptly allows for earlier use of the lower GWP refrigerants
in this rule and allows earlier and greater climate benefits than
delaying issuance of the rule. Training would be more useful for
technicians and manufacturer personnel if it addresses the requirements
of this final rule as set forth in the use conditions. We disagree with
the commenter who suggests that this rule should not be finalized, and
thus the substitutes should not be acceptable for use, until there is
``adequate training.'' Some companies have already begun training and
are prepared to use these refrigerants now. As we discussed in section
VI.F, ``Technician training'' above, we are not including a requirement
for technician training as a use condition. Further, we believe that
issuing this final rule with a delayed date of compliance would
increase risk to manufacturers and the public. A number of submitters
have provided EPA with the required 90-day notice prior to introducing
these substitutes into interstate commerce; therefore, delaying the
compliance date would not delay introduction of these substitutes, but
it would allow some equipment to be manufactured without meeting the
use conditions of this rule, which we believe are necessary to mitigate
risk sufficiently for these substitutes to be acceptable. If the
commenter is instead referring to delaying the date of compliance of
the Change of Listing Status Rule, we will address that compliance date
when we take final action on that rule.

L. Other Comments

1. Propylene
    Comment: A.S Trust & Holdings commented that propylene, a component
of the refrigerant R-443A, is not toxic and included an industry
standard reference to prove this. This commenter also stated that they
thought EPA was confusing propylene with propylene glycol.
    Response: EPA has not proposed action on propylene or on R-443A in
this rule and is not taking action on propylene or R-443A at this time.
We included propylene in our analysis of air quality effects because
EPA has received a submission for R-443A, a blend containing propylene,
for use in residential air conditioners, including portable AC units.
In order to consider the potential ground-level ozone impacts of all
refrigerants under review for the end-uses in this rule, we analyzed
the potential impacts of propylene along with other hydrocarbon
refrigerants. However, our review has not progressed to include review
of R-443A's toxicity.
    We note that in our reviews of toxicity, we do not characterize
substances as ``toxic'' or ``non-toxic.'' Rather, EPA considers
exposure limits and potential exposure concentrations when assessing
the toxicity and determining whether a substitute should be listed as
acceptable and, if so, whether a use condition is necessary. For
example, for propane, EPA evaluated whether long-term exposure would
exceed a TLV of 1,000 ppm and whether short-term exposure would exceed
an AEGL of 6,900 ppm. If EPA uses the same approach for other
refrigerants mentioned by the commenter, we might use industry exposure
limits that are more difficult to achieve (e.g., TLV of 500 ppm for
propylene).
2. R-443A
    Comment: A.S Trust & Holdings commented on certain assumptions that
EPA mentioned as its likely approach to assessing R-443A, including
worst-case assumptions. This commenter referred EPA to his own risk
assessment provided to the Agency, as well as a sizing guide.
    Response: EPA has consistently evaluated alternatives through a
risk screen process that begins with a highly conservative worst-case
scenario, such as where the entire refrigerant charge of a window AC
unit leaks out rapidly in a specific room size. If a substitute's
concentrations remain below the LFL and relevant toxicity limits in the
worst-case scenario with highly conservative assumptions, we do no
further assessment. If the substitute's concentrations exceed the LFL
or a relevant toxicity limit in the worst-case scenario, then we
consider more typical scenarios based on less conservative assumptions.
EPA will consider the submitter's risk assessment and recommended
charge sizes as part of our ongoing review of R-443A. EPA has not
proposed action on R-443A in this rule and is not taking action on R-
443A at this time.
3. Reductions of HFC Emissions Under Other Sections of CAA Title VI
    Comment: CARB urges EPA to continue to use its existing authority
under the CAA Sections 608 and 609 to reduce HFC emissions from all
sources, including stationary refrigeration and AC, insulating foam,
consumer product aerosol propellants, and MVAC.
    Response: The comment's suggestions go beyond the scope of this
rule. Separate from this rulemaking action, EPA is considering input
from various stakeholders about possible actions under Section 608 and
other parts of the Act to address impacts of HFCs and would welcome any
comments the commenter would care to provide on this subject.
4. Refrigerants for Retrofit
    Comment: Hudson Technologies suggested that the determination that
a substitute is acceptable for use as a retrofit refrigerant for
existing equipment should be more highly scrutinized by EPA, even when
dealing with non-flammable substitutes. This commenter recommends that
EPA limit listings for acceptable refrigerants to use in new equipment
unless the substitute has a lower GWP and the use of the substitute in
existing equipment will not result in loss of efficiency.
    Response: This comment goes beyond the scope of this rulemaking.
This final rule establishes use conditions limiting the five
refrigerants listed to use in new equipment designed for that
refrigerant. EPA evaluates each submission on its merits and where a
submitter requests that a substitute be listed as acceptable for use in
retrofit equipment, we

consider such requests based on the same criteria that we consider in
reviewing all SNAP submissions.

VII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders
can be found at www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a significant regulatory action and was
therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
for review.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This action does not impose any new information collection burden
under the PRA. OMB has previously approved the information collection
activities contained in the existing regulations and has assigned OMB
control number 2060-0226. This final rule contains no new requirements
for reporting or recordkeeping.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act

    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. In
making this determination, the impact of concern is any significant
adverse economic impact on small entities. An agency may certify that a
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, has no
net burden or otherwise has a positive economic effect on the small
entities subject to the rule.
    Today's action allows equipment manufacturers the additional
options of using ethane, HFC-32, isobutane, propane, and R-441A in the
specified end-uses but does not mandate such use. Because refrigeration
and AC equipment for these refrigerants are not manufactured yet in the
U.S. for the end-uses (with the exception of limited test-marketing),
no change in business practice is required to meet the use conditions,
resulting in no adverse impact compared to the absence of this rule.
Provisions that allow venting of hydrocarbon refrigerants in the uses
addressed by this rule reduce regulatory burden. We have therefore
concluded that this action will relieve regulatory burden for all small
entities that choose to use one of the newly listed hydrocarbon
refrigerants.
    The use conditions of this rule apply to manufacturers of household
and commercial refrigerators and freezers, vending machines, non-
mechanical heat transfer equipment, very low temperature refrigeration
equipment for laboratories and room air conditioners that choose to use
these refrigerants.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 United States Code (U.S.C.) 1531-1538, and does not
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. This action imposes
no enforceable duty on any state, local, or tribal governments or the
private sector.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have tribal implications, as specified in E.O.
13175. It will not have substantial direct effects on tribal
governments, on the relationship between the Federal government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal government and Indian tribes. Thus, Executive Order
13175 does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health and Safety Risks

    This action is not subject to E.O. 13045 because it is not
economically significant as defined in E.O. 12866, and because the
environmental health or safety risks addressed by this action do not
present a disproportionate risk to children. This action's health and
risk assessments are contained in Section IV.C of the preamble and in
the risk screens in the docket for this rulemaking.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it is
not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy. Available information indicates that
these new systems may be more energy efficient than currently available
systems in some climates.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    This action includes technical standards. EPA has decided to use
standards from UL in the use conditions for the five listed
substitutes. EPA is incorporating by reference portions of current
editions of the UL Standards 250, ``Household Refrigerators and
Freezers'' (10th Edition, August 25, 2000), 471, ``Commercial
Refrigerators and Freezers'' (10th Edition, November 24, 2010), 541
``Refrigerated Vending Machines'' (7th Edition, December 30, 2011), and
484 ``Room Air Conditioners'' (8th Edition, August 3, 2012), which
include requirements for safe use of flammable refrigerants. This final
rule ensures that these new substitutes for household and commercial
refrigerators and freezers, vending machines, non-mechanical heat
transfer equipment, very low temperature refrigeration equipment, and
room air conditioners do not present significantly greater risk to
human health or the environment than other available substitutes. These
standards may be purchased by mail at: COMM 2000; 151 Eastern Avenue;
Bensenville, IL 60106; Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Telephone: 1-888-
853-3503 in the U.S. or Canada (other countries dial +1-415-352-2168);
Internet address: http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/ or www.comm-
2000.com.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes the human health or environmental risk addressed
by this action will not have potential disproportionately high and
adverse human health or environmental effects on minority, low-income
or indigenous populations because this action provides human health and
environmental protection for all affected populations without having
any disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental
effects on any population, including any minority or low-income
population. This final rule provides refrigerant substitutes that have
no ODP and lower GWP than other substitutes currently listed as
acceptable. The reduction in ODS and GHG emissions assists in restoring
the stratospheric ozone layer and provides climate benefits. The
results of this evaluation are contained in sections III. and IV. of
the preamble.

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

    This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of
the United States. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5
U.S.C. 804(2).

VIII. References

    This preamble references the following documents, which are also in
the Air Docket at the address listed in Section I.B.1. Unless specified
otherwise, all documents are available electronically through the
Federal Docket Management System, Docket # EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0748.

    AHRI, 2012. AHRI Guideline N-2012: Assignment of Refrigerant
Container Colors. 2012.
    AIRAH, 2013. Flammable Refrigerants--Safety Guide. Australian
Institute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating. 2013.
    ASHRAE, 2010. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE). Standard 34-2010 (supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE
Standard 34-2007): Designation and Safety Classification of
Refrigerants. 2010.
    A.S. Trust & Holdings, 2012. Significant New Alternatives Policy
Program Submission to the United States Environmental Protection
Agency for R-441A in retail food refrigeration.
    A/S Vestfrost, 2012. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program
Submission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for
isobutane in retail food refrigeration.
    Climate Action Plan, 2013. The President's Climate Action Plan.
Executive Office of the President. June, 2013. Available online at
www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf.
    Chinese Household Electrical Appliance Association (CHEAA),
2013. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program Submission to the
United States Environmental Protection Agency for Propane (R-290) in
residential and light commercial air conditioning and dehumidifiers.
    Daikin, 2011. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program
Submission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for
HFC-32 in residential and light commercial air conditioning.
    EPA, 2007. Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses for
Demonstrating Attainment of Air Quality Goals for Ozone,
PM2.5, and Regional Haze. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. April 2007.
    EPA, 2015. Derivation of Charge Limits for Room Air
Conditioners. Staff memo to Air Docket. 2015.
    ICF, 2014a. Assessment of the Potential Impact of Hydrocarbon
Refrigerants on Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations.
    ICF, 2014b. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12, HCFC-22 and
R-502 in Retail Food Refrigeration; Substitute: Isobutane (R-600a)
    ICF, 2014c. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12, HCFC-22 and
R-502 in Retail Food Refrigeration; Substitute: R-441A
    ICF, 2014d. Risk Screen on Substitute for CFC-12, CFC-13, R-
13B1, and R-503 in Very Low Temperature Refrigeration and Non-
Mechanical Heat Transfer; Substitute: Ethane (R-170)
    ICF, 2014e. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and R-502 in
Vending Machines; Substitute: R-441A
    ICF, 2014f. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and R-502 in
Vending Machines; Substitute: Isobutane (R-600a)
    ICF, 2014g. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and R-502 in
Vending Machines; Substitute: Propane (R-290)
    ICF, 2014h. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and HCFC-22 in
Household Refrigerators and Household Freezers.; Substitute: Propane
(R-290).
    ICF, 2014i. Risk Screen on Substitutes for HCFC-22 in
Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps;
Substitute: Propane (R-290)
    ICF, 2014j. Risk Screen on Substitutes for HCFC-22 in
Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps;
Substitute: HFC-32 (Difluoromethane)
    ICF, 2014k. Risk Screen on Substitutes for HCFC-22 in
Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps;
Substitute: R-441A
    ICF, 2015a. Potential impacts of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)
generated from HFC-32 in room air conditioners. January, 2015.
    ICF, 2015b. Potential Impacts of Hydrocarbon Refrigerants during
Recycling and Disposal of Appliances. January, 2015.
    IEC 60225-2-40. Safety of Household and Similar Electrical
Appliances, Part 2-40: Particular Requirements for Electrical Heat
Pumps, Air-Conditioners and Dehumidifiers. 5th Edition. December,
2013.
    Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007. Climate
Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working
Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen,
M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/
ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
    Montzka, S.A., 2012. HFCs in the Atmosphere: Concentrations,
Emissions and Impacts, ASHRAE/NIST Conference 2012.
    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2013.
NOAA emissions data on HFCs. Available online at ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/hats/hfcs/.
    Oak Ridge National Lab (ORNL), 1997. J. Sand, S. Fischer, and V.
Baxter, ``Energy and Global Warming Impacts of HFC Refrigerants and
Emerging Technologies,'' 1997, Oak Ridge National Lab.
    Ravishankara et al., 1994. Ravishankara, A.R., A.A. Turnipseed,
N.R. Jensen, S. Barone, M. Mills, C. J. Howard, and S. Solomon. Do
hydrofluorocarbons destroy stratospheric ozone? Science 263: 71-75.
1994.
    Sheldon, 1989. Sheldon, L.S., et al. 1989. ``An Investigation of
Infiltration and Indoor Air Quality.'' New York State Energy
Research & Development Authority, Report 90-11. As cited in ICF,
2014h, Risk screen for propane in household refrigerators and
freezers.
    UL 250. Household Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition.
Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing
a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. August 2000.
    UL 471. Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition.
Supplement SB: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing
a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. November 2010.
    UL 484. Room Air Conditioners. 8th edition. Supplement SA:
Requirements for Refrigerated Venders Employing a Flammable
Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. August 2012.
    UL 541. Refrigerated Vending Machines. 7th edition. Supplement
SA: Requirements for Room Air Conditioners Employing a Flammable
Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. December 2011.
    UL 60335-2-40. Safety of Household and Similar Electrical
Appliances, Part 2-40: Particular Requirements for Electrical Heat
Pumps, Air-Conditioners and Dehumidifiers. First Edition. November,
2012.
    World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 2010. Scientific
Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010, Global Ozone Research and
Monitoring Project--Report No. 52, 516 pp., Geneva, Switzerland,
2011. This document is accessible at www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone_2010/ozone_asst_report.html.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Recycling, Reporting
and recordkeeping requirements, Stratospheric ozone layer.

    Dated: February 27, 2015.
Gina McCarthy,
Administrator.
    For the reasons stated in the preamble, 40 CFR part 82 is amended
as follows:

PART 82--PROTECTION OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE

0
1. The authority citation for part 82 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7414, 7601, 7671-7671q.

Subpart F--Recycling and Emissions Reduction

0
2. Amend Sec.  82.154 by adding paragraph (a)(1)(iii) to read as
follows:

Sec.  82.154  Prohibitions.

    (a)(1) * * *
    (iii) Effective June 9, 2015:

    (A) Isobutane (R-600a) and R-441A in retail food refrigerators and
freezers (stand-alone units only);
    (B) Propane (R-290) in household refrigerators, freezers, and
combination refrigerators and freezers;
    (C) Ethane (R-170) in very low temperature refrigeration equipment
and equipment for non-mechanical heat transfer;
    (D) R-441A, propane, and isobutane in vending machines; and
    (E) Propane and R-441A in self-contained room air conditioners for
residential and light commercial air conditioning and heat pumps.
* * * * *

Subpart G--Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

0
3. Appendix R to Subpart G is revised to read as follows:

Appendix R to Subpart G of Part 82--Substitutes Subject to Use
Restrictions Listed in the December 20, 2011, final rule, Effective
February 21, 2012, and in the April 10, 2015 Final Rule, Effective May
11, 2015

                            Substitutes That Are Acceptable Subject to Use Conditions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Further
             End-use                  Substitute           Decision         Use conditions        information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Household refrigerators,          Isobutane (R-600a)  Acceptable subject  These refrigerants  Applicable OSHA
 freezers, and combination        Propane (R-290)...   to use conditions.  may be used only    requirements at
 refrigerators and freezers.      R-441A............                       in new equipment    29 CFR part 1910
(New equipment only)............                                           designed            must be followed,
                                                                           specifically and    including those
                                                                           clearly             at 29 CFR
                                                                           identified for      1910.106
                                                                           the refrigerant     (flammable and
                                                                           (i.e., none of      combustible
                                                                           these substitutes   liquids),
                                                                           may be used as a    1910.110 (storage
                                                                           conversion or       and handling of
                                                                           ``retrofit''        liquefied
                                                                           refrigerant for     petroleum gases),
                                                                           existing            1910.157
                                                                           equipment           (portable fire
                                                                           designed for a      extinguishers),
                                                                           different           and 1910.1000
                                                                           refrigerant).       (toxic and
                                                                          These refrigerants   hazardous
                                                                           may be used only    substances).
                                                                           in a refrigerator  Proper ventilation
                                                                           or freezer, or      should be
                                                                           combination         maintained at all
                                                                           refrigerator and    times during the
                                                                           freezer, that       manufacture and
                                                                           meets all           storage of
                                                                           requirements        equipment
                                                                           listed in           containing
                                                                           Supplement SA to    hydrocarbon
                                                                           the 10th edition    refrigerants
                                                                           of the              through adherence
                                                                           Underwriters        to good
                                                                           Laboratories (UL)   manufacturing
                                                                           Standard for        practices as per
                                                                           Household           29 CFR 1910.106.
                                                                           Refrigerators and   If refrigerant
                                                                           Freezers, UL 250,   levels in the air
                                                                           dated August 25,    surrounding the
                                                                           2000. In cases      equipment rise
                                                                           where the final     above one-fourth
                                                                           rule includes       of the lower
                                                                           requirements more   flammability
                                                                           stringent than      limit, the space
                                                                           those of the 10th   should be
                                                                           edition of UL       evacuated and re-
                                                                           250, the            entry should
                                                                           appliance must      occur only after
                                                                           meet the            the space has
                                                                           requirements of     been properly
                                                                           the final rule in   ventilated.
                                                                           place of the       Technicians and
                                                                           requirements in     equipment
                                                                           the UL Standard.    manufacturers
                                                                          The charge size      should wear
                                                                           must not exceed     appropriate
                                                                           57 g (2.01 oz) in   personal
                                                                           any refrigerator,   protective
                                                                           freezer, or         equipment,
                                                                           combination         including
                                                                           refrigerator and    chemical goggles
                                                                           freezer in each     and protective
                                                                           circuit.            gloves, when
                                                                                handling these
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Special care
                                                                                should be taken
                                                                                to avoid contact
                                                                                with the skin
                                                                                since these
                                                                                refrigerants,
                                                                                like many
                                                                                refrigerants, can
                                                                                cause freeze
                                                                                burns on the
                                                                                skin.
                                                                                A Class B dry
                                                                                powder type fire
                                                                                extinguisher
                                                                                should be kept
                                                                                nearby.
                                                                                Technicians should
                                                                                only use spark-
                                                                                proof tools when
                                                                                working on
                                                                                refrigerators and
                                                                                freezers with
                                                                                these
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Any recovery
                                                                                equipment used
                                                                                should be
                                                                                designed for
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Any refrigerant
                                                                                releases should
                                                                                be in a well-
                                                                                ventilated area,
                                                                                such as outside
                                                                                of a building.
                                                                                Only technicians
                                                                                specifically
                                                                                trained in
                                                                                handling
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants
                                                                                should service
                                                                                refrigerators and
                                                                                freezers
                                                                                containing these
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Technicians
                                                                                should gain an
                                                                                understanding of
                                                                                minimizing the
                                                                                risk of fire and
                                                                                the steps to use
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants
                                                                                safely.

Household refrigerators,          Isobutane (R-600a)  Acceptable subject  As provided in      Room occupants
 freezers, and combination        Propane (R-290)...   to use conditions.  clauses SA6.1.1     should evacuate
 refrigerators and freezers.      R-441A............                       and SA6.1.2 of UL   the space
(New equipment only)............                                           Standard 250,       immediately
                                                                           10th edition, the   following the
                                                                           following           accidental
                                                                           markings must be    release of this
                                                                           attached at the     refrigerant.
                                                                           locations          If a service port
                                                                           provided and must   is added then
                                                                           be permanent:       household
                                                                          (a) On or near any   refrigerators,
                                                                           evaporators that    freezers, and
                                                                           can be contacted    combination
                                                                           by the consumer:    refrigerator and
                                                                           ``DANGER- Risk of   freezers using
                                                                           Fire or             these
                                                                           Explosion.          refrigerants
                                                                           Flammable           should have
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   service aperture
                                                                           Do Not Use          fittings that
                                                                           Mechanical          differ from
                                                                           Devices To          fittings used in
                                                                           Defrost             equipment or
                                                                           Refrigerator. Do    containers using
                                                                           Not Puncture        non-flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant         refrigerant.
                                                                           Tubing.''.          ``Differ'' means
                                                                          (b) Near the         that either the
                                                                           machine             diameter differs
                                                                           compartment:        by at least 1/16
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   inch or the
                                                                           Fire or             thread direction
                                                                           Explosion.          is reversed
                                                                           Flammable           (i.e., right-
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   handed vs. left-
                                                                           To Be Repaired      handed). These
                                                                           Only By Trained     different
                                                                           Service             fittings should
                                                                           Personnel. Do Not   be permanently
                                                                           Puncture            affixed to the
                                                                           Refrigerant         unit at the point
                                                                           Tubing.''.          of service and
                                                                          (c) Near the         maintained until
                                                                           machine             the end-of-life
                                                                           compartment:        of the unit, and
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk     should not be
                                                                           of Fire or          accessed with an
                                                                           Explosion.          adaptor.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.
                                                                           Consult Repair
                                                                           Manual/Owner's
                                                                           Guide Before
                                                                           Attempting To
                                                                           Service This
                                                                           Product. All
                                                                           Safety
                                                                           Precautions Must
                                                                           Be Followed.''.
                                                                          (d) On the
                                                                           exterior of the
                                                                           refrigerator:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion.
                                                                           Dispose of
                                                                           Properly In
                                                                           Accordance With
                                                                           Federal Or Local
                                                                           Regulations.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          (e) Near any and
                                                                           all exposed
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           tubing:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion Due To
                                                                           Puncture Of
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Tubing; Follow
                                                                           Handling
                                                                           Instructions
                                                                           Carefully.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          All of these
                                                                           markings must be
                                                                           in letters no
                                                                           less than 6.4 mm
                                                                           (1/4 inch) high.
                                                                          The refrigerator,
                                                                           freezer, or
                                                                           combination
                                                                           refrigerator and
                                                                           freezer must have
                                                                           red,
                                                                           Pantone[supreg]
                                                                           Matching System
                                                                           (PMS) #185 marked
                                                                           pipes, hoses, or
                                                                           other devices
                                                                           through which the
                                                                           refrigerant is
                                                                           serviced
                                                                           (typically known
                                                                           as the service
                                                                           port) to indicate
                                                                           the use of a
                                                                           flammable
                                                                           refrigerant. This
                                                                           color must be
                                                                           present at all
                                                                           service ports and
                                                                           where service
                                                                           puncturing or
                                                                           otherwise
                                                                           creating an
                                                                           opening from the
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           circuit to the
                                                                           atmosphere might
                                                                           be expected
                                                                           (e.g., process
                                                                           tubes). The color
                                                                           mark must extend
                                                                           at least 2.5
                                                                           centimeters (1
                                                                           inch) from the
                                                                           compressor and
                                                                           must be replaced
                                                                           if removed.

Retail food refrigerators and     Isobutane (R-600a)  Acceptable subject  As provided in      Room occupants
 freezers (stand-alone units      Propane (R-290)...   to use conditions.  clauses SB6.1.2     should evacuate
 only).                           R-441A............                       to SB6.1.5 of UL    the space
(New equipment only)............                                           Standard 471,       immediately
                                                                           10th edition, the   following the
                                                                           following           accidental
                                                                           markings must be    release of this
                                                                           attached at the     refrigerant.
                                                                           locations          If a service port
                                                                           provided and must   is added then
                                                                           be permanent:       retail food
                                                                          (a) On or near any   refrigerators and
                                                                           evaporators that    freezers using
                                                                           can be contacted    these
                                                                           by the consumer:    refrigerants
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   should have
                                                                           Fire or             service aperture
                                                                           Explosion.          fittings that
                                                                           Flammable           differ from
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   fittings used in
                                                                           Do Not Use          equipment or
                                                                           Mechanical          containers using
                                                                           Devices To          non-flammable
                                                                           Defrost             refrigerant.
                                                                           Refrigerator. Do    ``Differ'' means
                                                                           Not Puncture        that either the
                                                                           Refrigerant         diameter differs
                                                                           Tubing.''.          by at least 1/16
                                                                          (b) Near the         inch or the
                                                                           machine             thread direction
                                                                           compartment:        is reversed
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   (i.e., right-
                                                                           Fire or             handed vs. left-
                                                                           Explosion.          handed). These
                                                                           Flammable           different
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   fittings should
                                                                           To Be Repaired      be permanently
                                                                           Only By Trained     affixed to the
                                                                           Service             unit at the point
                                                                           Personnel. Do Not   of service and
                                                                           Puncture            maintained until
                                                                           Refrigerant         the end-of-life
                                                                           Tubing.''.          of the unit, and
                                                                          (c) Near the         should not be
                                                                           machine             accessed with an
                                                                           compartment:        adaptor.
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.
                                                                           Consult Repair
                                                                           Manual/Owner's
                                                                           Guide Before
                                                                           Attempting To
                                                                           Service This
                                                                           Product. All
                                                                           Safety
                                                                           Precautions Must
                                                                           be Followed.''.
                                                                          (d) On the
                                                                           exterior of the
                                                                           refrigerator:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion.
                                                                           Dispose of
                                                                           Properly In
                                                                           Accordance With
                                                                           Federal Or Local
                                                                           Regulations.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          (e) Near any and
                                                                           all exposed
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           tubing:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion Due To
                                                                           Puncture Of
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Tubing; Follow
                                                                           Handling
                                                                           Instructions
                                                                           Carefully.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          All of these
                                                                           markings must be
                                                                           in letters no
                                                                           less than 6.4 mm
                                                                           (1/4 inch) high.
                                                                          The refrigerator
                                                                           or freezer must
                                                                           have red,
                                                                           Pantone[supreg]
                                                                           Matching System
                                                                           (PMS) #185 marked
                                                                           pipes, hoses, and
                                                                           other devices
                                                                           through which the
                                                                           refrigerant is
                                                                           serviced,
                                                                           typically known
                                                                           as the service
                                                                           port, to indicate
                                                                           the use of a
                                                                           flammable
                                                                           refrigerant. This
                                                                           color must be
                                                                           present at all
                                                                           service ports and
                                                                           where service
                                                                           puncturing or
                                                                           otherwise
                                                                           creating an
                                                                           opening from the
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           circuit to the
                                                                           atmosphere might
                                                                           be expected
                                                                           (e.g., process
                                                                           tubes). The color
                                                                           mark must extend
                                                                           at least 2.5
                                                                           centimeters (1
                                                                           inch) from the
                                                                           compressor and
                                                                           must be replaced
                                                                           if removed.

Very low temperature              Ethane (R-170)....  Acceptable subject  This refrigerant    Applicable OSHA
 refrigeration.                                        to use conditions.  may be used only    requirements at
Non-mechanical heat transfer....                                           in new equipment    29 CFR part 1910
(New equipment only)............                                           specifically        must be followed,
                                                                           designed and        including those
                                                                           clearly             at 29 CFR 1910.94
                                                                           identified for      (ventilation) and
                                                                           the refrigerant     1910.106
                                                                           (i.e., the          (flammable and
                                                                           substitute may      combustible
                                                                           not be used as a    liquids),
                                                                           conversion or       1910.110 (storage
                                                                           ``retrofit''        and handling of
                                                                           refrigerant for     liquefied
                                                                           existing            petroleum gases),
                                                                           equipment           1910.157
                                                                           designed for        (portable fire
                                                                           other               extinguishers),
                                                                           refrigerants).      and 1910.1000
                                                                          This refrigerant     (toxic and
                                                                           may only be used    hazardous
                                                                           in equipment that   substances).
                                                                           meets all          Proper ventilation
                                                                           requirements in     should be
                                                                           Supplement SB to    maintained at all
                                                                           the 10th edition    times during the
                                                                           of the              manufacture and
                                                                           Underwriters        storage of
                                                                           Laboratories (UL)   equipment
                                                                           Standard for        containing
                                                                           Commercial          hydrocarbon
                                                                           Refrigerators and   refrigerants
                                                                           Freezers, UL 471,   through adherence
                                                                           dated November      to good
                                                                           24, 2010. In        manufacturing
                                                                           cases where the     practices as per
                                                                           final rule          29 CFR 1910.106.
                                                                           includes            If refrigerant
                                                                           requirements more   levels in the air
                                                                           stringent than      surrounding the
                                                                           those of the 10th   equipment rise
                                                                           edition of UL       above one-fourth
                                                                           471, the            of the lower
                                                                           appliance must      flammability
                                                                           meet the            limit, the space
                                                                           requirements of     should be
                                                                           the final rule in   evacuated and re-
                                                                           place of the        entry should
                                                                           requirements in     occur only after
                                                                           the UL Standard.    the space has
                                                                          The charge size      been properly
                                                                           for the equipment   ventilated.
                                                                           must not exceed    Technicians and
                                                                           150 g (5.29 oz)     equipment
                                                                           in each circuit.    manufacturers
                                                                                should wear
                                                                                appropriate
                                                                                personal
                                                                                protective
                                                                                equipment,
                                                                                including
                                                                                chemical goggles
                                                                                and protective
                                                                                gloves, when
                                                                                handling ethane.
                                                                                Special care
                                                                                should be taken
                                                                                to avoid contact
                                                                                with the skin
                                                                                since ethane,
                                                                                like many
                                                                                refrigerants, can
                                                                                cause freeze
                                                                                burns on the
                                                                                skin.
                                                                                A Class B dry
                                                                                powder type fire
                                                                                extinguisher
                                                                                should be kept
                                                                                nearby.
                                                                                Technicians should
                                                                                only use spark-
                                                                                proof tools when
                                                                                working on
                                                                                equipment with
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Any recovery
                                                                                equipment used
                                                                                should be
                                                                                designed for
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Any refrigerant
                                                                                releases should
                                                                                be in a well-
                                                                                ventilated area,
                                                                                such as outside
                                                                                of a building.
                                                                                Only technicians
                                                                                specifically
                                                                                trained in
                                                                                handling
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants
                                                                                should service
                                                                                equipment
                                                                                containing
                                                                                ethane.
                                                                                Technicians
                                                                                should gain an
                                                                                understanding of
                                                                                minimizing the
                                                                                risk of fire and
                                                                                the steps to use
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants
                                                                                safely.

Very low temperature              Ethane (R-170)....  Acceptable subject  As provided in      Room occupants
 refrigeration.                                        to use conditions.  clauses SB6.1.2     should evacuate
Non-mechanical heat transfer....                                           to SB6.1.5 of UL    the space
(New equipment only)............                                           Standard 471,       immediately
                                                                           10th edition, the   following the
                                                                           following           accidental
                                                                           markings must be    release of this
                                                                           attached at the     refrigerant.
                                                                           locations          If a service port
                                                                           provided and must   is added then
                                                                           be permanent:       refrigeration
                                                                          (a) On or near any   equipment using
                                                                           evaporators that    this refrigerant
                                                                           can be contacted    should have
                                                                           by the consumer:    service aperture
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   fittings that
                                                                           Fire or             differ from
                                                                           Explosion.          fittings used in
                                                                           Flammable           equipment or
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   containers using
                                                                           Do Not Use          non-flammable
                                                                           Mechanical          refrigerant.
                                                                           Devices To          ``Differ'' means
                                                                           Defrost             that either the
                                                                           Refrigerator. Do    diameter differs
                                                                           Not Puncture        by at least 1/16
                                                                           Refrigerant         inch or the
                                                                           Tubing.''.          thread direction
                                                                          (b) Near the         is reversed
                                                                           machine             (i.e., right-
                                                                           compartment:        handed vs. left-
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   handed). These
                                                                           Fire or             different
                                                                           Explosion.          fittings should
                                                                           Flammable           be permanently
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   affixed to the
                                                                           To Be Repaired      unit at the point
                                                                           Only By Trained     of service and
                                                                           Service             maintained until
                                                                           Personnel. Do Not   the end-of-life
                                                                           Puncture            of the unit, and
                                                                           Refrigerant         should not be
                                                                           Tubing.''.          accessed with an
                                                                          (c) Near the         adaptor.
                                                                           machine            Example of non-
                                                                           compartment:        mechanical heat
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk     transfer using
                                                                           of Fire or          this refrigerant
                                                                           Explosion.          would be use in a
                                                                           Flammable           secondary loop of
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   a thermosiphon.
                                                                           Consult Repair
                                                                           Manual/Owner's
                                                                           Guide Before
                                                                           Attempting To
                                                                           Service This
                                                                           Product. All
                                                                           Safety
                                                                           Precautions Must
                                                                           be Followed.''.
                                                                          (d) On the
                                                                           exterior of the
                                                                           refrigerator:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion.
                                                                           Dispose of
                                                                           Properly In
                                                                           Accordance With
                                                                           Federal Or Local
                                                                           Regulations.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          (e) Near any and
                                                                           all exposed
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           tubing:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion Due To
                                                                           Puncture Of
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Tubing; Follow
                                                                           Handling
                                                                           Instructions
                                                                           Carefully.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          All of these
                                                                           markings must be
                                                                           in letters no
                                                                           less than 6.4 mm
                                                                           (1/4 inch) high.
                                                                          The refrigeration
                                                                           equipment must
                                                                           have red,
                                                                           Pantone[supreg]
                                                                           Matching System
                                                                           (PMS) #185 marked
                                                                           pipes, hoses, and
                                                                           other devices
                                                                           through which the
                                                                           refrigerant is
                                                                           serviced,
                                                                           typically known
                                                                           as the service
                                                                           port, to indicate
                                                                           the use of a
                                                                           flammable
                                                                           refrigerant. This
                                                                           color must be
                                                                           present at all
                                                                           service ports and
                                                                           where service
                                                                           puncturing or
                                                                           otherwise
                                                                           creating an
                                                                           opening from the
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           circuit to the
                                                                           atmosphere might
                                                                           be expected
                                                                           (e.g., process
                                                                           tubes). The color
                                                                           mark must extend
                                                                           at least 2.5
                                                                           centimeters (1
                                                                           inch) from the
                                                                           compressor and
                                                                           must be replaced
                                                                           if removed.

Vending Machines................  Isobutane (R-600a)  Acceptable subject  These refrigerants  Applicable OSHA
(New equipment only)............  Propane (R-290)...   to use conditions.  may be used only    requirements at
                                  R-441A............                       in new equipment    29 part 1910 must
                                                                           specifically        be followed,
                                                                           designed and        including those
                                                                           clearly             at 29 CFR 1910.94
                                                                           identified for      (ventilation) and
                                                                           the refrigerants    1910.106
                                                                           (i.e., none of      (flammable and
                                                                           these substitutes   combustible
                                                                           may be used as a    liquids),
                                                                           conversion or       1910.110 (storage
                                                                           ``retrofit''        and handling of
                                                                           refrigerant for     liquefied
                                                                           existing            petroleum gases),
                                                                           equipment           1910.157
                                                                           designed for        (portable fire
                                                                           other               extinguishers),
                                                                           refrigerants).      and 1910.1000
                                                                          Detaching and        (toxic and
                                                                           replacing the old   hazardous
                                                                           refrigeration       substances).
                                                                           circuit from the   Proper ventilation
                                                                           outer casing of     should be
                                                                           the equipment       maintained at all
                                                                           with a new one      times during the
                                                                           containing a new    manufacture and
                                                                           evaporator,         storage of
                                                                           condenser, and      equipment
                                                                           refrigerant         containing
                                                                           tubing within the   hydrocarbon
                                                                           old casing is       refrigerants
                                                                           considered          through adherence
                                                                           ``new'' equipment   to good
                                                                           and not a           manufacturing
                                                                           retrofit of the     practices as per
                                                                           old, existing       29 CFR 1910.106.
                                                                           equipment.          If refrigerant
                                                                          These substitutes    levels in the air
                                                                           may only be used    surrounding the
                                                                           in equipment that   equipment rise
                                                                           meets all           above one-fourth
                                                                           requirements in     of the lower
                                                                           Supplement SA to    flammability
                                                                           the 7th edition     limit, the space
                                                                           of the              should be
                                                                           Underwriters        evacuated and re-
                                                                           Laboratories (UL)   entry should
                                                                           Standard for        occur only after
                                                                           Refrigerated        the space has
                                                                           Vending Machines,   been properly
                                                                           UL 541, dated       ventilated.
                                                                           December, 2011.    Technicians and
                                                                           In cases where      equipment
                                                                           the final rule      manufacturers
                                                                           includes            should wear
                                                                           requirements more   appropriate
                                                                           stringent than      personal
                                                                           those of the 7th    protective
                                                                           edition of UL       equipment,
                                                                           541, the            including
                                                                           appliance must      chemical goggles
                                                                           meet the            and protective
                                                                           requirements of     gloves, when
                                                                           the final rule in   handling these
                                                                           place of the        refrigerants.
                                                                           requirements in     Special care
                                                                           the UL Standard.    should be taken
                                                                          The charge size      to avoid contact
                                                                           for vending         with the skin
                                                                           machines must not   since these
                                                                           exceed 150 g        refrigerants,
                                                                           (5.29 oz) in each   like many
                                                                           circuit.            refrigerants, can
                                                                                cause freeze
                                                                                burns on the
                                                                                skin.
                                                                                A Class B dry
                                                                                powder type fire
                                                                                extinguisher
                                                                                should be kept
                                                                                nearby.
                                                                                Technicians should
                                                                                only use spark-
                                                                                proof tools when
                                                                                working on
                                                                                refrigeration
                                                                                equipment with
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Any recovery
                                                                                equipment used
                                                                                should be
                                                                                designed for
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Any refrigerant
                                                                                releases should
                                                                                be in a well-
                                                                                ventilated area,
                                                                                such as outside
                                                                                of a building.
                                                                                Only technicians
                                                                                specifically
                                                                                trained in
                                                                                handling
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants
                                                                                should service
                                                                                refrigeration
                                                                                equipment
                                                                                containing these
                                                                                refrigerants.
                                                                                Technicians
                                                                                should gain an
                                                                                understanding of
                                                                                minimizing the
                                                                                risk of fire and
                                                                                the steps to use
                                                                                flammable
                                                                                refrigerants
                                                                                safely.

Vending Machines................  Isobutane (R-600a)  Acceptable subject  As provided in      Room occupants
(New equipment only)............  Propane (R-290)...   to use conditions.  clauses SA6.1.2     should evacuate
                                  R-441A............                       to SA6.1.5 of UL    the space
                                                                           Standard 541, 7th   immediately
                                                                           edition, the        following the
                                                                           following           accidental
                                                                           markings must be    release of this
                                                                           attached at the     refrigerant.
                                                                           locations          If a service port
                                                                           provided and must   is added then
                                                                           be permanent:       refrigeration
                                                                          (a) On or near any   equipment using
                                                                           evaporators that    this refrigerant
                                                                           can be contacted    should have
                                                                           by the consumer:    service aperture
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   fittings that
                                                                           Fire or             differ from
                                                                           Explosion.          fittings used in
                                                                           Flammable           equipment or
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   containers using
                                                                           Do Not Use          non-flammable
                                                                           Mechanical          refrigerant.
                                                                           Devices To          ``Differ'' means
                                                                           Defrost             that either the
                                                                           Refrigerator. Do    diameter differs
                                                                           Not Puncture        by at least 1/16
                                                                           Refrigerant         inch or the
                                                                           Tubing.''.          thread direction
                                                                          (b) Near the         is reversed
                                                                           machine             (i.e., right-
                                                                           compartment:        handed vs. left-
                                                                           ``DANGER--Risk of   handed). These
                                                                           Fire or             different
                                                                           Explosion.          fittings should
                                                                           Flammable           be permanently
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.   affixed to the
                                                                           To Be Repaired      unit at the point
                                                                           Only By Trained     of service and
                                                                           Service             maintained until
                                                                           Personnel. Do Not   the end-of-life
                                                                           Puncture            of the unit, and
                                                                           Refrigerant         should not be
                                                                           Tubing.''.          accessed with an
                                                                          (c) Near the         adaptor.
                                                                           machine
                                                                           compartment:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant Used.
                                                                           Consult Repair
                                                                           Manual/Owner's
                                                                           Guide Before
                                                                           Attempting To
                                                                           Service This
                                                                           Product. All
                                                                           Safety
                                                                           Precautions Must
                                                                           be Followed.''.
                                                                          (d) On the
                                                                           exterior of the
                                                                           refrigerator:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion.
                                                                           Dispose of
                                                                           Properly In
                                                                           Accordance With
                                                                           Federal Or Local
                                                                           Regulations.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          (e) Near any and
                                                                           all exposed
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           tubing:
                                                                           ``CAUTION--Risk
                                                                           of Fire or
                                                                           Explosion Due To
                                                                           Puncture Of
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Tubing; Follow
                                                                           Handling
                                                                           Instructions
                                                                           Carefully.
                                                                           Flammable
                                                                           Refrigerant
                                                                           Used.''.
                                                                          All of these
                                                                           markings must be
                                                                           in letters no
                                                                           less than 6.4 mm
                                                                           (1/4 inch) high.
                                                                          The refrigeration
                                                                           equipment must
                                                                           have red,
                                                                           Pantone[supreg]
                                                                           Matching System
                                                                           (PMS) #185 marked
                                                                           pipes, hoses, and
                                                                           other devices
                                                                           through which the
                                                                           refrigerant is
                                                                           serviced,
                                                                           typically known
                                                                           as the service
                                                                           port, to indicate
                                                                           the use of a
                                                                           flammable
                                                                           refrigerant. This
                                                                           color must be
                                                                           present at all
                                                                           service ports and
                                                                           where service
                                                                           puncturing or
                                                                           otherwise
                                                                           creating an
                                                                           opening from the
                                                                           refrigerant
                                                                           circuit to the
                                                                           atmosphere might
                                                                           be expected
                                                                           (e.g., process
                                                                           tubes). The color
                                                                           mark must extend
                                                                           at least 2.5
                                                                           centimeters (1
                                                                           inch) from the
                                                                           compressor and
                                                                           must be replaced
                                                                           if removed.

Residential and light-commercial  HFC-32............  Acceptable subject  These refrigerants  Applicable OSHA
 air conditioning and heat        Propane (R-290)...   to use conditions.  may be used only    requirements at
 pumps--self-contained room air   R-441A............                       in new equipment    29 CFR part 1910
 conditioners only.                                                        specifically        must be followed,
(New equipment only)............                                           designed and        including those
                                                                           clearly             at 29 CFR 1910.94
                                                                           identified for      (ventilation) and
                                                                           the refrigerants    1910.106
                                                                           (i.e., none of      (flammable and
                                                                           these substitutes   combustible
                                                                           may be used as a    liquids),
                                                                           conversion or       1910.110 (storage
                                                                           ``retrofit''        and handling of
                                                                           refrigerant for     liquefied
                                                                           existing            petroleum gases),
                                                                           equipment           1910.157
                                                                           designed for        (portable fire
                                                                           other               extinguishers),
                                                                           refrigerants)       and 1910.1000
                                                                          These refrigerants   (toxic and
                                                                           may only be used    hazardous
                                                                           in equipment that   substances).
                                                                           meets all          Proper ventilation
                                                                           requirements in     should be
                                                                           Supplement SA and   maintained at all
                                                                           Appendices B        times during the
                                                                           through F of the    manufacture and
                                                                           8th edition of      storage of
                                                                           the Underwriters    equipment
                                                                           Laboratories (UL)   containing
                                                                           Standard for Room   hydrocarbon
                                                                           Air Conditioners,   refrigerants
                                                                           UL 484, dated       through adherence
                                                                           August 3, 2012.     to good
                                                                           In cases where      manufacturing
                                                                           the final rule      practices as per
                                                                           includes            29 CFR 1910.106.
                                                                           requirements more   If refrigerant
                                                                           stringent than      levels in the air
                                                                           those of the 8th    surrounding the
                                                                           edition of UL       equipment rise
                                                                           484, the            above one-fourth
                                                                           appliance must      of the lower
                                                                           meet the            flammability
                                                                           requirements of     limit, the space
                                                                           the final rule in   should be
                                                                           place of the        evacuated and re-
                                                                           requirements in     entry should
                                                                           the UL Standard.    occur only after
                                                                          The charge size      the space has
                                                                           for the entire      been properly
                                                                           air conditioner     ventilated.
                                                                           must not exceed    Technicians and
                                                                           the maximum         equipment
                                                                           refrigerant mass    manufacturers
                                                                           determined          should wear
                                                                           according to        appropriate
                                                                           Appendix F of UL    personal
                                                                           484, 8th edition    protective
                                                                           for the room size   equipment,
                                                                           where the air       including
                                                                           conditioner is      chemical goggles
                                                                           used. The charge    and protective
                                                                           size for these      gloves, when
                                                                           three               handling these
                                                                           refrigerants must   refrigerants.
                                                                           in no case exceed   Special care
                                                                           7,960 g (280.8 oz   should be taken
                                                                           or 17.55 lb) of     to avoid contact
                                                                           HFC-32; 1,000 g     with the skin
                                                                           (35.3 oz or 2.21    since these
                                                                           lbs) of propane;    refrigerants,
                                                                           or 1,000 g (35.3    like many
                                                                           oz or 2.21 lb) of   refrigerants, can
                                                                           R-441A. For         cause freeze
                                                                           portable air        burns on the
                                                                           conditioners, the   skin.
                                                                           charge size must   A Class B dry
                                                                           in no case exceed   powder type fire
                                                                           2,450 g (80.0 oz    extinguisher
                                                                           or 5.0 lb) of HFC-  should be kept
                                                                           32; 300 g (10.6     nearby.
                                                                           oz or 0.66 lbs)    Technicians should
                                                                           of propane; or      only use spark-
                                                                           330 g (11.6 oz or   proof tools when
                                                                           0.72 lb) of R-      working on air
                                                                           441A. The           conditioning