standard operating procedures, abnormal procedures, non-normal
procedures, emergency procedures, airplane performance, and airplane
limitations.
    23. Amend Sec.  121.543 by adding paragraph (c), to read as
follows:

Sec.  121.543  Flight crewmembers at controls.

* * * * *
    (c) The requirements of Sec.  121.543 will expire on [date 5 years
and 120 days after publication of the final rule]. After [date 5 years
and 120 days after publication of the final rule], the requirements of
Sec.  121.1241 apply.
* * * * *
    24. Revise Sec.  121.683 to read as follows:

Sec.  121.683  Crewmember and dispatcher record.

    (a) Each certificate holder must maintain current records for each
crewmember and dispatcher in accordance with the following
requirements:
    (1) The records must show whether the crewmember or aircraft
dispatcher complies with the applicable sections of this chapter,
including proficiency and route checks, airplane and route
qualifications, training, and all required physical examinations,
flight time, and duty and rest periods.
    (2) Training records must include qualifications, instruction,
certificate and ratings, and satisfactory proficiency evaluations. For
flight crewmembers, the training records must also include both
satisfactory and unsatisfactory performance evaluations and comments
and evaluations made by an evaluator designated under Sec. Sec.
121.1251, 121.1271, 125.295, or 135.337 of this chapter.
    (3) For flight crewmembers and aircraft dispatchers, records must
show any disciplinary action that was taken with respect to the
individual that was not later overturned.
    (4) For flight crewmembers and aircraft dispatchers, records must
show any release from employment or resignation, termination, or
disqualification with respect to employment.
    (b) Except for records on flight time, and duty and rest periods,
crewmember and aircraft dispatcher records must be maintained for at
least 5 years. Flight attendant records must be maintained for at least
12 months. For aircraft dispatchers, records kept under paragraph
(a)(4) of this section must be kept for 6 months.
    (c) Each certificate holder conducting supplemental operations must
maintain the records required by this section at its principal base of
operations, or at another location used by it and approved by the
Administrator.
    (d) Computer record systems approved by the Administrator may be
used in complying with the requirements of this section.
    25. Amend Sec.  121.805 by removing paragraph (b)(4), redesignating
paragraph (b)(5) as paragraph (b)(4), and revising the newly
redesignated paragraph paragraph (b)(4)(iii), to read as follows:

Sec.  121.805  Crewmember training for in-flight medical events.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (iii) Recurrent training, to include performance drills, in the
proper use of an automated external defibrillator and in
cardiopulmonary resuscitation at least once every 12 months.
* * * * *

Sec.  121.901  [Amended]

    26. Amend Sec.  121.901(b) by removing the reference to ``Sec.
121.401'' and adding in its place ``Sec.  121.1331, or the provisions
of subpart N and O of this part, as applicable''.

Sec.  121.909  [Amended]

    27. Amend Sec.  121.909(d) by removing the reference to ``Sec.
121.405(e)'' and adding in its place ``Sec.  121.1337(e) or Sec.
121.405, as applicable''.
    28. Add subpart BB to part 121 consisting of Sec. Sec.  121.1201
through 121.1391 to read as follows:

Subpart BB--Requirements for Qualification, Service, and Use of
Crewmembers

General

Sec.
121.1201 Applicability.
121.1202 Interim requirements for training programs transitioning
from the requirements of subparts N and O.
121.1203 Certificate holder responsibility for compliance with this
subpart.
121.1205 Definitions.
121.1207 Certification requirements: Crewmembers, flight
instructors, check pilots, check captain, and check flight
engineers.
121.1209 English language requirement.
121.1211 Medical certificate requirements.
121.1213 Pilot monitoring (not flying) duties.

Flight Crewmember

121.1221 Flight Crewmember: Training and evaluation.
121.1223 Flight Crewmember: Recurrent training and evaluation
schedule for continuing qualification.
121.1225 Flight Crewmember: Operating experience.
121.1227 Pilot: Consolidation.
121.1229 Pilot: Recent experience.
121.1231 Flight engineer: Recent experience.
121.1233 Line checks.
121.1235 Pilot: Routes and airports.
121.1237 Pilot: Operating limitations and crew pairing.
121.1239 Flight crewmember: Requalification.
121.1241 Flight crewmembers at controls.

Check Pilot and Check Flight Engineer Qualification

121.1251 Eligibility: Check pilot, check flight engineer, Aircrew
Program Designee (APD), and Flight instructor.
121.1253 Check pilot and check flight engineer: Training,
evaluation, approval, and recent experience.
121.1255 Check captain: Additional training requirements.
121.1257 Check pilot, check captain, and check flight engineer:
Initial cadre.

Aircrew Program Designee Qualification

121.1271 Aircrew Program Designee (APD): Training, evaluation, and
recent experience.

Flight Instructor Qualification

121.1281 Flight instructor: Qualification and training.

Flight Attendant Instructor Qualification

121.1291 Flight attendant instructor: Qualification and training.

Flight Attendant

121.1301 Flight attendant: Training and evaluation.
121.1303 Flight attendant: Continuing qualification.
121.1305 Flight attendant: Aircraft operating experience.
121.1307 Flight attendant: Recent experience.
121.1309 Flight attendant: Requalification.

Check Flight Attendant Qualification

121.1321 Check flight attendant: Eligibility, approval,
qualification, and continuing qualification.
121.1323 Check flight attendant: Initial cadre.

General Training Program Requirements

121.1331 Training program: General.
121.1333 Training program: General curriculum by aircraft type.
121.1335 Training program: Category of training programmed hours.

121.1337 Training program: Approval and amendment process.
121.1339 Training program: Special rules.
121.1341 Training program: Administering training, evaluation, and
operating experience.
121.1343 Training program: Knowledge and comprehension assessment.
121.1345 Training program: Mandatory use of flight simulation
training devices.
121.1347 Training program: Qualification and approval of qualified
flight simulation training devices.
121.1349 Training program: Limitations on the use of flight
simulation training devices.
121.1351 Training program: Training equipment other than flight
simulation training devices.
121.1353 Training program: Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) and
Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) Course of Instruction.
121.1355 Training program: Continuous analysis process.

Training Category Requirements

121.1361 Training category requirements: Standards used in academic
and job performance training segments.
121.1363 Training category requirements: Crewmember new hire.
121.1365 Training category requirements: Pilot and flight engineer
initial, conversion, transition, and upgrade, academic and job
performance training.
121.1367 Training category requirements: Pilot and flight engineer
recurrent academic, recurrent job performance, and recurrent
aircraft emergency equipment training.
121.1369 Training category requirements: Flight attendant initial
and transition training.
121.1371 Training category requirements: Flight attendant
eligibility for transition training.
121.1373 Training category requirements: Flight attendant emergency
training.
121.1375 Training category requirements: Flight attendant recurrent
training.
121.1377 Training category requirements: Flight instructor initial,
transition, and recurrent academic training.
121.1379 Training category requirements: Flight instructor initial
and transition job performance training.
121.1381 Training category requirements: Check pilot, check flight
engineer, or check flight attendant initial, transition, and
recurrent academic training.
121.1383 Training category requirements: Check pilot and check
flight engineer initial, transition, and recurrent job performance
training.
121.1385 Qualification requirements: Check pilots authorized to
conduct line checks.
121.1387 Training category requirements: Initial, transition, and
recurrent academic training for persons authorized to administer
flight attendant proficiency tests.

Other Training Requirements

121.1391 Differences training and evaluation.

Subpart BB--Requirements for Qualification, Service, and Use of
Crewmembers

General

Sec.  121.1201  Applicability.

    (a) This subpart prescribes the following:
    (1) Requirements for qualification, service, and use for:
    (i) Persons who serve in operations under this part as crewmembers,
flight instructors, check pilots, check flight engineers, aircrew
program designees (APDs), flight attendant instructors, check flight
attendants, or persons authorized to conduct flight attendant
proficiency tests.
    (ii) Persons who serve in operations under part 135 of this chapter
for a certificate holder that is permitted or required by Sec.  135.3
of this chapter to conduct training curricula in compliance with this
subpart.
    (2) Requirements applicable to each certificate holder for
establishing, obtaining approval of, and maintaining a training
program, for crewmembers, flight instructors, check pilots, check
flight engineers, APDs, flight attendant instructors, check flight
attendants, and persons authorized to conduct flight attendant
proficiency tests, who serve under this part.
    (3) Requirements applicable to persons other than the certificate
holder's employees who are used by the certificate holder to assist in
meeting the certificate holder's responsibilities under this subpart.
    (b) Any person qualified in a duty position for the certificate
holder before [date 120 days after publication of the final rule], or
qualified under the provisions in subparts N and O of this part, may
continue to serve in that duty position for that certificate holder
without complying with new hire training under Sec.  121.1363, initial
training under Sec.  121.1365 or Sec.  121.1369, operating experience
under Sec.  121.1305, or emergency training under Sec.  121.1373.

Sec.  121.1202  Interim requirements for training programs
transitioning from the requirements of subparts N and O.

    (a) Contrary provisions of this subpart notwithstanding, a person
who has submitted a training program for approval before [date 120 days
after publication of the final rule] that was constructed in accordance
with the applicable provisions of subparts N and O of this part in
effect on or before [date 119 days after publication of the final
rule], may complete the approval and implementation process and conduct
operations in compliance with the applicable provisions of subparts N
and O of this part instead of the provisions of subpart BB of this
part.
    (b) A certificate holder must submit a transition plan to the FAA
no later than [date 4 years and 120 days after publication of the final
rule]. The transition plan must include the following:
    (1) Subpart BB training program(s), as applicable.
    (2) Plan for transition for crewmembers from the provisions of
subparts N and O to the provisions of subpart BB of this part.
    (3) A transition completion date that is before [date 5 years and
120 days after the publication of the final rule].
    (c) During the transition, the certificate holder may use people to
conduct operations under this part provided those people are trained
under the applicable provisions of subparts N and O of this part, or
subpart BB of this part. While a certificate holder may simultaneously
operate training programs in compliance with the applicable provisions
of subparts N and O of this part and subpart BB of this part, each
individual (crewmember or aircraft dispatcher) must be trained and
qualified under the requirements of either the applicable provisions of
subparts N and O of this part, or the applicable provisions of subpart
BB of this part.
    (d) The certificate holder may not use a crewmember, nor may a
crewmember serve, in a duty position unless that person is current and
qualified to perform the duties to which he or she is assigned. If,
during the operation of the aircraft, one required crewmember is
current and qualified in accordance with the appropriate provisions of
subparts N and O of this part, and another required crewmember is
current and qualified in accordance with subpart BB of this part, the
lesser operating requirements apply for that duty position for that
operation.

Sec.  121.1203  Certificate holder responsibility for compliance with
this subpart.

    Responsibility for compliance with the requirements of this subpart
applies as follows:
    (a) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that its
approved training program, including all portions of the training
program conducted by persons other than the part 119 certificate
holder's employees, meets the requirements of this subpart.
    (b) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that all
training program procedures, manuals, and other materials submitted for
initial or final approval are kept up to date.

    (c) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that all
training and evaluation is completed in accordance with the
requirements of this subpart. Training or evaluation that does not meet
the definition of complete, as used in this subpart, must be repeated
to ensure that the requirements of this subpart are met.

Sec.  121.1205  Definitions.

    For the purpose of this subpart, the following terms and their
definitions apply:
    Academic training. The structured training conducted on the ground
in a classroom or other location for the purpose of acquiring
knowledge, procedural skills, and cognitive skills needed to perform in
operations under this part.
    Actual fire. A fire fueled by ignited combustible material, in
controlled conditions, of sufficient magnitude and duration to complete
crewmember training requirements for the firefighting drill as
contained in the Pilot QPS, Flight Engineer QPS, and Flight Attendant
QPS.
    Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). A document that contains aircraft
operating limitations, operating procedures, and performance
information. The FAA may review and approve amendments to the operating
limitations section of the AFM. Amendments to the AFM that are adopted
via Airworthiness Directives are enforceable by the FAA.
    Approved fire extinguisher device. A training device that has been
approved by the Administrator for use in meeting crewmember training
requirements for operation of a specific type of aircraft installed
hand fire extinguisher as contained in the Pilot QPS, Flight Engineer
QPS, and Flight Attendant QPS.
    Approved protective breathing equipment (PBE) device. A training
device that has been approved by the Administrator for use in meeting
crewmember training requirements for operation of a specific type of
protective breathing equipment as contained in the Pilot, Flight
Engineer and Flight Attendant QPS.
    Base month. The month in which a recurrent activity is due.
    Basic Qualification (flight attendant). All requirements that a
person must complete prior to working his or her first flight for a
certificate holder as a flight attendant. It includes new hire
training, initial training, emergency training, and differences
training, as applicable, as well as aircraft operating experience.
    Categories of training. Parts of a curriculum that relate to
qualification experience levels, first time qualification for a
certificate holder, first time qualification in group (applicable to
flight crewmembers), configuration differences within type or series,
maintaining and regaining qualification, and changes in operations.
Categories of training include: New hire, initial, transition,
conversion (full and core), upgrade (full and core), emergency,
differences, recurrent, requalification, and special.
    Certificate holder. A person certificated under part 119 of this
chapter that conducts operations under part 121, or a person
certificated under part 119 of this chapter that conducts operations
under part 135 of this chapter and is permitted or required by Sec.
135.3 of this chapter to conduct training curricula in compliance with
this subpart.
    Check captain. A person qualified as pilot in command who is
current and qualified on the navigation system necessary for the route
to be flown and the aircraft on which he or she will be supervising
operating experience, and who is specifically approved by the Principal
Operations Inspector for supervising operating experience.
    Check flight attendant. A person who meets the qualification and
training requirements for a check flight attendant and is authorized to
evaluate a person who is completing aircraft operating experience as
required by the Flight Attendant QPS.
    Check person. A person who meets the training and qualification
requirements to serve as an aircrew program designee, check pilot,
check flight engineer, or check flight attendant.
    Combat. To properly fight an actual fire or simulated fire using an
appropriate type of fire extinguisher until that fire is extinguished.
    Complete. To fully carry out the training or evaluation required by
this subpart, including being eligible to receive or administer the
training or evaluation, and demonstrating the required level of
proficiency. In addition, for flight crewmembers, performing the
training or evaluation in a flight simulation training device (FSTD)
appropriately qualified in accordance with the requirements of part 60
of this chapter.
    Consolidation. The process by which a person through practice and
practical experience increases proficiency in newly acquired knowledge
and skills.
    Conversion training. A category of training used to qualify a
person as a flight crewmember for a certificate holder when the person
has been previously qualified in the same crewmember duty position in
the same aircraft type(s) for another certificate holder conducting
operations under this part. Conversion training may be required to
reestablish recency or for Requalification training for the certificate
holder. Conversion training may be either ``core'' or ``full'' as
specified in the QPS.
    Crewmember Duty Position. A crewmember duty position is a pilot in
command, second in command, flight engineer, or flight attendant
serving in operations under this part.
    Current. Current means satisfying the recency of experience
requirements prescribed in Sec.  121.1229, Sec.  121.1231, or Sec.
121.1307.
    Currently Serving. Currently serving means current and qualified as
defined in this subpart.
    Curriculum. A curriculum is the training required to qualify a
person for a crewmember duty position or a training or evaluation duty
position for an aircraft type. The curriculum for each duty position
includes categories of training and the appropriate segments for each
category.
    Differences training. A category of training on a particular
aircraft type when the Administrator finds additional training is
necessary before that person serves in the same capacity on a
particular variation within a series of an aircraft type or a different
series within an aircraft type.
    Eligibility Period. The eligibility period consists of the month in
which the recurrent activity is due (the ``base month''), the month
before and the month after (the ``grace month'').
    Emergency training (flight attendant). A category of training that
qualifies flight attendants to conduct emergency procedures, operate
emergency equipment, and enhance passenger and crewmember
survivability.
    Environment. A combination of external, physical, and surrounding
conditions that affect aircraft performance, aircraft and equipment
operation, and decisionmaking.
    Evaluation. Any testing, checking, proficiency review or
observation activities in which a person's knowledge and skills are
assessed by a person authorized to perform that evaluation.
    Exit device. Exit device means emergency exit doors, plugs, and
hatches, including window exits, floor level exits, tailcone exits,
ventral stairs, flight deck exits, and any other exit designed for
passenger or crewmember egress from the aircraft.

    Flight Attendant Jumpseat. A flight attendant jumpseat is a seat
located in the cabin of an aircraft that meets the requirements of
Sec.  121.311(g).
    Flight Attendant Operating Manual (FAOM). An FAA-approved document
that includes the instructions and information necessary to allow the
flight attendant to perform his or her required safety related duties
and responsibilities with the highest possible degree of safety. The
FAOM contains standard operating procedures, abnormal or non-normal
procedures, and emergency procedures.
    Flight Crewmember. A pilot in command, second in command, or flight
engineer.
    Flight Crewmember Operating Manual (FCOM). An FAA-approved document
that includes the instructions and information necessary to allow a
flight crewmember to perform his or her required safety related duties
and responsibilities with the highest possible degree of safety. The
FCOM contains standard operating procedures, abnormal or non-normal
procedures, and emergency procedures. The FCOM also contains
information such as ground and flight operations tasks, flight deck
checklists, systems descriptions, and evacuation procedures.
    Flight tasks. The maneuvers and procedures necessary to operate the
aircraft in various phases of flight operations and environments.
    Group. A broad categorization of aircraft based on propulsion
methods. Group I is propeller driven, including reciprocating powered
and turbopropeller powered. Group II is turbojet powered.
    Initial Cadre. The specific persons approved by the FAA for the
start-up time frame necessary, not to exceed 24 months, for a new part
119 certificate holder to initiate operations under part 119 of this
chapter, or for a current part 119 certificate holder to initiate
operations of a new aircraft type not operated previously or to
initiate a new type of operation.
    Initial training (flight attendant). A category of training
required to qualify a person to serve as a flight attendant on an
aircraft type when the person has not served as a flight attendant for
at least 180 days in operations under this part for the certificate
holder.
    Initial training (flight crewmembers). A category of training that
is required to qualify a person to serve as a flight crewmember for the
first time in group or for the first time in operations under this
part.
    Initial training (flight instructors, check persons, flight
attendant instructors, and persons authorized to conduct flight
attendant proficiency tests). A category of training that is required
to qualify a person to serve for the first time for the certificate
holder as a flight instructor, check person, flight attendant
instructor, and a person authorized to conduct flight attendant
proficiency tests.
    Job performance training. The structured training conducted in an
aircraft, in a flight simulation training device approved under part 60
of this chapter, in another training device approved under this part,
or in a classroom for the purpose of obtaining required psychomotor
skills for crewmembers.
    Lesson. A part of a segment of training. A module could be a
lesson, or a module could have several lessons.
    Line operating flight time. Flight time performed in operations
under this part.
    Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). Training in a simulator with
a complete flight crew using representative flight segments that
contain procedures that may be expected in line operations. A
qualification LOFT is an approved flight simulator course of LOFT to
transition from a structured flight training syllabus to representing
line operations. A recurrent LOFT is an approved flight simulator
course of LOFT that must be used to meet recurrent job performance
training requirements.
    Line Qualified. Qualified to serve as a flight crewmember in
operations under this part.
    Module. Modules of instruction are subsets of a training segment
that include major subject areas for training and evaluation.
    Month. Calendar month.
    New Hire training. A category of training required to qualify a
person to serve as a crewmember for the first time for the certificate
holder under this part.
    Observation Drill. Observation drill means a drill where a person
watches without actively participating in the training or evaluation.
    Observer Seat. An observer seat is a seat on the flight deck, or a
forward passenger seat with headset or speaker, that provides adequate
visibility of the flight controls, instruments, and external views that
is used by the FAA for conducting en route inspections.
    Operating cycle. A complete flight segment consisting of the time
from push back/power back, taxi out, takeoff, climb, en route portion,
descent, landing, taxi in, parking, and shutdown.
    Practice. A physical or verbal exercise of skills in an instructor
led environment that encourages interaction among participants for the
specific area of knowledge.
    Procedure. A procedure is a step-by-step method used to complete a
specific task. Types of procedures are:
    (1) Standard operating procedure. A procedure associated with
systems that are functioning in their usual manner.
    (2) Abnormal or Non-normal operating procedure. A procedure
associated with systems that are not functioning in their usual manner
and that require crewmember action for continued safe flight and
landing.
    (3) Emergency procedure. A procedure requiring immediate crewmember
action to protect the aircraft and occupants from serious harm.
    Proficiency. Demonstrated sufficient awareness of existing
circumstances, competence in the necessary knowledge and skill, and
performance of the relevant task (maneuver or procedure) within the
operating range of environments to the standards identified and
required by the appropriate QPS.
    Proficiency check. An assessment of crewmember proficiency during
which limited training or practice is allowed. The assessment is of
knowledge and skill in tasks to the standards identified and required
by the appropriate QPS. The proficiency check must be conducted by a
check person.
    Proficiency review. An assessment of pilot or flight engineer
proficiency during which limited training or practice is allowed. The
assessment is of knowledge and skill in tasks to the standards
identified and required by the appropriate QPS. The proficiency review
must be conducted by a check person, or a flight instructor authorized
to conduct proficiency reviews.
    Proficiency test. An assessment of crewmember proficiency during
which additional training or practice is not allowed. The assessment is
of knowledge and skill in tasks to the standards identified and
required by the appropriate QPS. For flight crewmembers, when a
proficiency test is not for the purpose of obtaining an airman
certificate or rating, it must be conducted by a check pilot. When a
proficiency test is conducted for the purpose of obtaining an airman
certificate or rating, it must be conducted by an APD or an FAA
Inspector. For flight attendants, the proficiency test may only be
conducted by a person authorized to administer flight attendant
proficiency tests or an FAA Inspector.
    Programmed hours. The required academic and job performance hours
set forth in this subpart for categories of training.

    Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE) drill. An emergency drill in
which a crewmember combats an actual fire or simulated fire while using
PBE.
    Qualification Performance Standards (QPS). FAA standards providing
all of the tasks and areas of training and evaluation, including
activities, procedures, and knowledge needed to qualify a person to
serve under this part. The QPSs are in part 121 appendices as follows:
appendix Q: Pilot Qualification Performance Standards; appendix R:
Flight Engineer Qualification Performance Standards; appendix S: Flight
Attendant Qualification Performance Standards; and appendix T, Aircraft
Dispatcher Qualification Performance Standards.
    Qualified. Qualified, when used in reference to an individual,
means:
    (1) For a flight attendant crewmember duty position or a flight
attendant training or evaluation duty position, an individual who has
completed the certificate holder's FAA-approved curriculum for the
aircraft type to serve in that position under this part.
    (2) For a flight crewmember duty position or a flight crewmember
training or evaluation duty position, an individual who has completed
the certificate holder's FAA-approved curriculum for the aircraft type
to serve in that position under this part and holds the appropriate
U.S. medical certificate and airman certificates and ratings.
    Recurrent Flight Attendant Training Cycle. The 12 month period in
which required tasks are trained and evaluated in accordance with the
Flight Attendant QPS.
    Recurrent training. A category of training that must be completed
within the specified eligibility period to enable a qualified person to
continue to serve in a crewmember duty position or a training or
evaluation duty position for the certificate holder under this part.
    Requalification training. A category of training required to allow
crewmembers to become qualified again to serve in a crewmember duty
position for the certificate holder in operations under this part.
    Segments of training. Each category of training has two segments.
One segment is ``academic.'' This is training and evaluation that
provides students with the required knowledge and cognitive skills
necessary to perform the tasks required for the crewmember duty
position or training or evaluation duty position. The other segment is
``job performance.'' This segment is training and evaluation in the
duty or job setting. This segment provides students with the practical,
hands on experience of integrating knowledge and skills and learning
the related motor skills necessary to perform the job.
    Serve. To perform the duties and discharge the responsibilities
required under this part.
    Simulated fire. An artificial duplication of smoke or flame used to
create various aircraft firefighting scenarios, such as lavatory,
galley oven, and aircraft seat fires.
    Simulator Only Instructors and Check Persons. Simulator Only
Instructors and Check Persons are persons who have completed the
training necessary to qualify as a crewmember and meet the recency of
experience requirements prescribed in this subpart, as applicable, but
may not serve as a required flight crewmember in operations under this
part.
    Special training. A category of training necessary to address
changes to the certificate holder's operations or to correct
deficiencies identified by the certificate holder's continuous analysis
process. Special training is temporary and is integrated into the
approved training program.
    Training. Instruction and practice.
    Training center evaluator. An individual who meets the requirements
of Sec.  142.55 of this chapter.
    Training or Evaluation Duty Position. Flight instructors, flight
attendant instructors, check persons, check captains, and persons
authorized to conduct flight attendant proficiency tests.
    Training program. A certificate holder's training curricula,
personnel, facilities, equipment, and other resources used to meet the
training requirements under this subpart.
    Transition training (check persons and persons authorized to
conduct flight attendant proficiency tests). A category of training
required to qualify check persons and persons authorized to conduct
flight attendant proficiency tests to serve in a training or evaluation
duty position on an aircraft type for the certificate holder when they
have previously served in the same training or evaluation duty position
on a different aircraft type in the same group for that certificate
holder.
    Transition training (flight attendants). A category of training
that allows a flight attendant to qualify on an aircraft type if the
flight attendant has been qualified for at least 180 days and served in
the previous 180 days on an aircraft as a flight attendant for that
certificate holder.
    Transition training (flight crewmembers). A category of training
required to qualify flight crewmembers who have qualified and served in
the same duty position on a different aircraft type in the same group
in operations under this part.
    Upgrade training. Refers to core upgrade or full upgrade training.
    (1) Core Upgrade: A category of training required to qualify flight
crewmembers as either PIC or SIC in an aircraft type in which they have
been previously qualified and served as SIC or flight engineer
respectively for that certificate holder. A pilot may complete core
upgrade when it has been 9 months or less since the person served as
SIC or flight engineer for that certificate holder.
    (2) Full Upgrade. A category of training required to qualify flight
crewmembers as either PIC or SIC in an aircraft type in which they have
been previously qualified and served as SIC or flight engineer
respectively. A pilot may complete full upgrade when it has been more
than 9 months but less than 36 months since the person has qualified
and served as SIC or flight engineer for that certificate holder, or
when it has been 36 months or less since the person served as SIC or
flight engineer for another certificate holder in operations under this
part.

Sec.  121.1207  Certification requirements: Crewmembers, flight
instructors, check pilots, check captain, and check flight engineers.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a crewmember, flight instructor, check pilot, check captain,
or check flight engineer in a training program or in operations under
this part, unless that person meets the following requirements, as
applicable:
    (1) Pilots.
    (i) To act as pilot in command of an aircraft, or as second in
command of an aircraft that requires three or more pilots in a flag or
supplemental operation, a pilot must hold an airline transport pilot
certificate and an appropriate type, category, and class rating for
that aircraft.
    (ii) To act as a second in command of an aircraft that requires
only two pilots in flag operations or in international supplemental
operations, a pilot must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate
with appropriate type, category, and class ratings for that aircraft,
and an instrument rating.
    (iii) To act as a second in command in domestic operations, a pilot
must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate with appropriate
category and class ratings for that aircraft, and an instrument rating.
    (2) Flight Engineers. To serve as a flight engineer, a person must
hold a flight engineer certificate with the appropriate aircraft class
rating.

    (3) Flight Instructors, Check Pilots, Check Captains, and Check
Flight Engineers. No person may use, nor may any person serve, as a
flight instructor, check pilot, check captain, or check flight engineer
in a training program or in operations under this part, with respect to
the aircraft type involved, unless the person holds the airman
certificates and ratings required to serve as a pilot in command or
flight engineer, as applicable, in operations under this part.
    (4) Flight Attendant. A person is considered to hold a Certificate
of Demonstrated Proficiency and is eligible to serve as a flight
attendant once the Administrator is notified by a certificate holder
that the person has the demonstrated proficiency to be a flight
attendant.
    (b) A person who is currently serving as a pilot or flight engineer
for the certificate holder or a person who is engaged in training and
evaluation activities for the certificate holder (as described in Sec.
121.1331(d)) may be issued the appropriate certificate or type rating
if that person meets the following requirements:
    (1) The applicable eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, and
experience required by part 61 or part 63 of this chapter.
    (2) The applicable training requirements of this subpart.
    (3) The proficiency test requirements of Sec.  121.1365(b)(1). The
FAA or an APD must administer the proficiency test.

Sec.  121.1209  English language requirement.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a flight crewmember, flight attendant, or person acquiring flight
attendant operating experience in operations under this part, unless
that person has demonstrated to an individual qualified to conduct
evaluations under this part, that he or she can:
    (a) Read, write, speak, and understand the English language.
    (b) Have his or her English language and writings understood.

Sec.  121.1211  Medical certificate requirements.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, on an aircraft as a required flight crewmember in operations
under this part unless that person has a valid medical certificate
required by Sec.  61.23 or Sec.  63.31 of this chapter, as appropriate
for the duty being performed.
    (b) No medical certificate is required to serve in an FSTD.

Sec.  121.1213  Pilot monitoring (not flying) duties.

    Each pilot who is seated at the pilot controls of the aircraft or
FSTD, while not flying the aircraft or FSTD, is required to accomplish
pilot monitoring duties as appropriate in accordance with the FCOM.
Pilot monitoring duties are subject to the same oversight and
evaluation as pilot flying duties.

Flight Crewmember

Sec.  121.1221  Flight Crewmember: Training and evaluation.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a required flight crewmember in operations under this part unless
that person has completed the required curriculum for that aircraft
type and crewmember duty position.
    (a) A curriculum consists of the programmed hours, including
training and evaluation, as specified in Sec.  121.1335 and in the
appropriate QPS, and the following training categories.
    (1) New hire training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1363.
    (2) Initial, conversion, transition, or upgrade training as
prescribed in Sec.  121.1365, as applicable.
    (3) Differences training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1391.
    (4) Recurrent training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1367, according
to the schedule prescribed in Sec.  121.1223.
    (5) Requalification training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1239.
    (6) Special training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1337.
    (b) Continuity of training. Within 120 days of beginning first time
qualification a person must have completed in the following order:
    (1) The required new hire training as described in paragraph (a)(1)
of this section, if the person is qualifying for the first time for the
certificate holder.
    (2) The required initial, conversion, transition, or upgrade
training categories and academic and job performance training segments
described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, as applicable; and
differences training as described in paragraph (a)(3) of this section,
if applicable.
    (3) A proficiency test as prescribed in Sec.  121.1365(b)(1).
    (4) A qualification LOFT as prescribed in Sec.  121.1365(b)(2).
    (c) Failure to complete training within 120 days. If a person fails
to complete the required curriculum within the 120 days, as required by
paragraph (b) of this section, the person must repeat the entire
curriculum. No credit is given for any of the training previously
completed if the entire curriculum is not completed within 120 days.
    (d) Complete Flight Crew. Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of
this section, a complete flight crew is required for training under
this part and each flight crewmember duty position must be filled by a
person qualified to serve in the required duty position.
    (1) For aircraft certificated for 2 pilots: Each pilot duty
position must be occupied by a person who is qualified to serve in that
crewmember duty position (a line qualified crew member, a simulator-
only instructor, a flight instructor, a check pilot, a check captain,
or an APD), or by a student training to serve in that crewmember duty
position.
    (2) For aircraft certificated for 2 pilots and a flight engineer:
Each pilot duty position and the Flight Engineer duty position must be
occupied by a person who is qualified to serve in that crewmember duty
position (a line qualified crew member, a simulator-only instructor, a
flight instructor, a check pilot, a check captain, a check flight
engineer, or an APD), or by a student training to serve in that
crewmember duty position. After the minimum hours of job performance
training have been completed, at the discretion of the instructor,
training on specific piloting tasks may be conducted without the flight
engineer duty position being filled. In these situations, the flight
engineer's panel in the simulator must be properly set for the pilot
training tasks and must not require further monitoring or adjustment.

Sec.  121.1223  Flight Crewmember: Recurrent training and evaluation
schedule for continuing qualification.

    (a) To serve as a flight crewmember, a person must complete the
recurrent academic and job performance training segments for each
aircraft type, as prescribed in Sec.  121.1367, in accordance with the
associated programmed hours specified in Sec.  121.1335. Each flight
crewmember must complete all of the academic subjects and all of the
job performance tasks and environments in accordance with the
applicable QPS.
    (b) A flight crewmember must complete a recurrent academic training
module, a recurrent job performance training module, and aircraft
emergency equipment training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1367 and at the
interval specified in the applicable QPS.
    (c) A flight crewmember must complete recurrent academic and job
performance training modules by the end of the eligibility period. The
eligibility period consists of the base month, the month before the
base month and the month after the base month. The base month is the
9th month following

the month during which the proficiency test required in Sec.
121.1365(b)(1) is completed; the 9th month following the month in which
the proficiency test authorized in Sec.  121.1239 is completed; or the
9th month following the completion of the recurrent academic and job
performance training modules when adjusting the base month in
accordance with Sec.  121.1223(d).
    (d) The base month may be adjusted by completing the required
recurrent academic and recurrent job performance training modules
within the time frames described in Sec.  121.1223(f) at any time prior
to the beginning of the eligibility period described in paragraph (c)
of this section.
    (e) A flight crewmember who has not completed recurrent training by
the end of the base month may continue to serve until the end of the
eligibility period. However, if the recurrent requirements are not
completed during the eligibility period and the base month is not
adjusted forward as described in paragraph (d) of this section, the
person is unqualified for that flight crewmember duty position on the
first day of the month following the eligibility period. The
unqualified person may not serve in that flight crewmember duty
position until requalified. The person must complete the applicable
phase of the requalification training category in accordance with Sec.
121.1239 to become requalified.
    (f) Time required to complete recurrent training:
    (1) Academic Training. A flight crewmember must complete each
required recurrent academic training and evaluation within the
preceding number of months specified in the applicable QPS. The
academic training must begin and end within the eligibility period, and
end within 30 days from the beginning of the academic training.
    (2) Job Performance Training. A flight crewmember must complete
required job performance training and evaluation within the preceding
number of months specified in the applicable QPS. The job performance
training must begin and end within the eligibility period, and end
within 96 hours from the beginning of the training.

Sec.  121.1225  Flight Crewmember: Operating experience.

    (a) Except as provided in this section, no certificate holder may
use any person, nor may any person serve, as a required flight
crewmember on an aircraft, unless the person has completed the
operating experience and operating cycles required by this section for
that aircraft type and in that duty position in operations under this
part. The certificate holder must ensure that the flight crewmember
completing operating experience and operating cycles is current and
qualified for the duty position in accordance with this part.
    (b) Pilots must complete operating experience and operating cycles
as follows:
    (1) General. Operating experience must include at least four
operating cycles and 21 hours in operations under this part. At least
one cycle must be flown as the pilot monitoring the aircraft. At least
two cycles must be flown as the pilot flying the aircraft, of which at
least one must be flown with the automatic pilot disengaged after
takeoff until departing the terminal area and prior to approach upon
entering the terminal area. A pilot will receive one hour of credit
towards the 21 hours required by this paragraph for each operating
cycle completed in excess of the four operating cycles required.
Operating experience must be started no later than 60 days and
completed within 120 days of completing the proficiency test given at
the end of initial, transition, upgrade, or conversion training. If
operating experience is not started within 60 days or completed within
120 days of completing the proficiency test, another proficiency test
is required to re-initiate operating experience.
    (2) Pilot in command.
    (i) A qualifying pilot in command completing operating experience
and operating cycles must complete all of the following:
    (A) Serve as the second in command of record.
    (B) Perform the duties of a pilot in command under the supervision
of a check pilot or check captain, except as provided in paragraph (d)
of this section.
    (C) Be given a line check conducted by an appropriately qualified
check pilot during the final portion of operating experience. The line
check must consist of at least two operating cycles. During one of the
cycles the qualifying pilot in command must perform the duties of the
pilot flying the aircraft. In the other cycle, the qualifying pilot in
command must perform the pilot monitoring duties.
    (D) In addition to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i)(A)
through (C) of this section, a qualifying pilot in command receiving
operating experience after completing initial or upgrade training, must
perform the duties of a pilot in command during at least one operating
cycle under the observation of an APD authorized to conduct these
observations or an FAA inspector.
    (ii) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, the check
pilot or check captain supervising operating experience must serve as
the pilot in command and occupy a pilot station under the following
requirements:
    (A) While supervising the transitioning or converting pilot in
command until the qualifying pilot in command has completed the
following, at which time the check pilot or check captain may occupy
the observer's seat for the remaining portion of the operating
experience:
    (1) Made at least two takeoffs and landings in the aircraft type
used.
    (2) Satisfactorily demonstrated to the check pilot or check captain
the ability to perform the duties of a pilot in command of that
aircraft type.
    (B) While supervising an initial or upgrading pilot in command.
    (3) Second in command. A second in command pilot must perform the
duties of a second in command under the supervision of an appropriately
qualified check pilot or check captain.
    (c) A flight engineer must perform the duties of a flight engineer
for at least 10 hours of operating experience in operations under this
part under the supervision of a check flight engineer, a check pilot, a
check captain, or a flight engineer who is specifically authorized by
the POI to supervise operating experience.
    (d) During operating experience following transition, conversion,
or upgrade training, the check pilot or check captain may take a rest
period during the en route cruise portion of flight, if the following
conditions are met:
    (1) The pilot obtaining operating experience meets the requirements
of paragraphs (b)(2)(ii)(A)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (2) The relief pilot meets the requirements in Sec.
121.1241(b)(3).
    (e) In the case of an aircraft not previously used by the
certificate holder in operations under this part, operating experience
for pilots and flight engineers completed in the aircraft during
proving flights or ferry flights may be used to meet this requirement.
    (f) Credit for operating experience hours may only be taken while
the pilot or flight engineer is under the direct supervision of the
check pilot or check captain.

Sec.  121.1227  Pilot: Consolidation.

    (a) Pilots completing the proficiency test given at the end of
initial, transition, or conversion training must

complete at least 100 hours of LOFT for consolidation in that aircraft
type for the certificate holder. The consolidation hours must be
completed within 120 days after completing the proficiency test.
    (1) If the consolidation flight time in an aircraft type is
interrupted by flight time in another aircraft type, the pilot must
complete refresher training to refresh the pilot's knowledge and
skills, as provided in the certificate holder's approved training
program. The refresher training must be completed in the aircraft type
in which consolidation was started before continuing the consolidation.
The refresher training must be conducted by a flight instructor or
check pilot qualified under this part.
    (2) Consolidation must be started no later than 60 days after
completion of the proficiency test given at the end of initial,
transition, or conversion training. If consolidation is not started
within 60 days of completing the proficiency test, another proficiency
test is required to re-initiate consolidation.
    (b) If consolidation is not completed within 120 days of completing
the proficiency test given at the end of initial, transition, or
conversion training, the certificate holder may extend the 120-day
period to no more than 150 days if both of the following conditions are
met:
    (1) The pilot continues to meet all other applicable requirements
of this subpart.
    (2) On or before the 120th day the pilot completes refresher
training conducted by an appropriately qualified and authorized
instructor or check pilot to refresh the pilot's knowledge and skills,
as provided in the certificate holder's approved training program, or a
check pilot determines that the pilot has retained an adequate level of
proficiency after observing that pilot in a supervised line operating
flight.
    (c) If consolidation is not completed within 150 days of completing
the proficiency test given at the end of initial, transition, or
conversion training, the certificate holder may extend the 150-day
period to no more than 210 days if both of the following conditions are
met:
    (1) The pilot continues to meet all other applicable requirements
of this subpart.
    (2) On or before the 150th day the pilot completes a proficiency
check in a Level C or D full flight simulator qualified in accordance
with part 60 of this chapter.
    (d) If consolidation is not completed within 210 days of completing
the proficiency test given at the end of initial, transition, or
conversion training, the remaining line operating flight time that is
necessary to complete consolidation must be supervised by a check
pilot.
    (e) If consolidation is not completed by the time the proficiency
test required by Sec.  121.1223 is completed for the first recurrent
period, consolidation must start over.

Sec.  121.1229  Pilot: Recent experience.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a required pilot unless the person has made, within the
preceding 90 days, at least three takeoffs and landings as the pilot
flying in the aircraft type in which the person is to serve. The three
takeoffs and landings required by this paragraph must be satisfied by
compliance with either paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, but not a
combination of paragraph (b) and (c) of this section.
    (b) If a pilot satisfies the requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section through the use of an aircraft, the pilot must complete three
operating cycles in the aircraft type in which the pilot serves.
    (c) If a pilot satisfies the requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section through the use of a full flight simulator (FFS), the FFS must
be qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter and approved
for takeoff and landing maneuvers. The pilot must complete in a single
simulator session at least three takeoffs and landings and the
maneuvers and procedures prescribed in the QPS. One takeoff and one
landing must be included in a LOFT environment under Sec.  121.1353.
    (d) If it has been 90 days or less since the pilot's recency has
lapsed, the pilot may regain recency by completing at least three
takeoffs and landings using the maneuvers and procedures specified in
the Pilot QPS in an FFS qualified for takeoffs and landings in
accordance with part 60 of this chapter. All three takeoffs and
landings must be conducted in a LOFT environment as provided in Sec.
121.1353.
    (e) If it has been more than 90 days since the pilot's recency has
lapsed, the pilot may only regain recency by completing the core
conversion training category in accordance with the pilot QPS.
Completing core conversion to reestablish recency of experience does
not change the pilot's recurrent training base month.

Sec.  121.1231  Flight engineer: Recent experience.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a required flight engineer unless, within the preceding 90
days, the person has performed the duties of a flight engineer during
at least three takeoffs and landings in the aircraft type in which the
person is to serve. The three takeoffs and landings required by this
paragraph must be satisfied by compliance with either paragraph (b) or
(c) of this section, but not a combination of paragraphs (b) and (c) of
this section.
    (b) If a flight engineer satisfies the requirements of paragraph
(a) of this section through the use of an aircraft, the flight engineer
must complete three operating cycles in the aircraft type in which the
flight engineer serves.
    (c) If a flight engineer satisfies the requirements of paragraph
(a) of this section through the use of an FFS, the FFS must be
qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter and approved for
takeoff and landing maneuvers. When an FFS is used, the flight engineer
must complete in a single simulator session at least three takeoffs and
landings and the maneuvers and procedures prescribed in the QPS. One
takeoff and one landing must be included in a LOFT environment under
Sec.  121.1353.
    (d) If it has been 90 days or less since the flight engineer's
recency has lapsed, the flight engineer may regain recency by
completing a proficiency check in accordance with the Flight Engineer
QPS. This proficiency check must be administered with a complete flight
crew, with each crewmember duty position filled by a person who is
qualified or in student status to serve in that crewmember duty
position.
    (e) If it has been more than 90 days since the flight engineer's
recency has lapsed, the flight engineer may only regain recency by
completing the core conversion training category in accordance with the
flight engineer QPS. Completing core conversion to reestablish recency
of experience does not change the flight engineer's recurrent training
base month.

Sec.  121.1233  Line checks.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a pilot in command, unless, within the preceding 24 months,
that person has completed a line check for that certificate holder in
one of the aircraft types in which he or she is to serve. During the
line check, the person must perform the duties and responsibilities of
a pilot in command.
    (b) A pilot in command line check for domestic and flag operations
must be administered by a check pilot or APD who is current and
qualified on both the route and the aircraft type. A pilot in command
line check for supplemental operations must be administered by a check
pilot or APD who is current and

qualified in the aircraft type and must be conducted on an instrument
flight rules flight plan.
    (c) A line check conducted under this part must consist of at least
two operating cycles during operations under this part. In one of the
cycles the pilot in command must perform the duties of the pilot flying
the aircraft. In the other cycle, the pilot in command must perform the
pilot monitoring duties.
    (d) The check pilot or APD conducting the line check must evaluate
the entire flight crew in the performance of their duties during the
line check of the pilot in command required by paragraph (a) of this
section. The check pilot or APD will record the evaluation of the pilot
in command and any other required flight crewmember that demonstrates a
lack of proficiency. If any required flight crewmember performs below
standard on any tasks, that person may not serve as a required flight
crewmember in operations under this part until he or she receives
training on such tasks, and completes a proficiency test in those
tasks.
    (e) Check pilots or APDs conducting line checks must conduct a
debriefing of the flight crew that includes technical and resource
management competencies.
    (f) On flights with a flight engineer as a required crewmember,
check pilots or APDs who meet the qualification requirements of this
subpart to conduct pilot in command line checks will evaluate flight
engineer performance during the line check. The check pilot or APD is
not required to hold a flight engineer certificate to conduct flight
engineer evaluations during line checks.
    (g) If a pilot does not receive the line check required by
paragraph (a) of this section, the pilot may not serve as pilot in
command in operations under this part until he or she completes the
following:
    (1) If it has been more than 24 months, but less than 30 months
since the pilot received his or her last line check, the pilot must
complete a line check. The check pilot or APD must serve as the pilot
in command during the line check and must occupy a pilot duty station.
    (2) If it has been 30 months or more since the pilot received his
or her last line check, the pilot must complete the core conversion
training category in accordance with the pilot QPS and complete a line
check. The check pilot or APD must serve as the pilot in command during
the line check and must occupy a pilot duty station. Completing core
conversion to satisfy the line check requirement does not change the
pilot's recurrent training base month.
    (h) If a pilot in command fails the line check required by
paragraph (a) of this section, the pilot may not serve in operations
under this part until he or she successfully completes within 60 days
of the date of failure all of the following:
    (1) Recurrent academic training without adjusting the recurrent
base month.
    (2) A proficiency check.
    (3) A qualification LOFT, consisting of at least two operating
cycles, one under normal conditions, and one that includes abnormal or
emergency issues.
    (4) Two operating cycles during line operations under the
supervision of a check pilot or APD, followed by a line check. The
check pilot or APD must serve as the pilot in command and occupy a
pilot duty station during the operating cycles required by this section
and the line check.
    (i) If a pilot in command fails to meet the requirements of
paragraph (h) of this section within 60 days of the date of the failed
line check, the pilot in command may not serve in operations under this
part until the pilot in command completes the following:
    (1) Full conversion training without adjusting the recurrent base
month.
    (2) A proficiency check.
    (3) A qualification LOFT, consisting of at least two operating
cycles, one under normal conditions, and one that includes abnormal or
emergency issues.
    (4) Two operating cycles during line operations under the
supervision of a check pilot or APD, followed by a line check. The
check pilot or APD must serve as the pilot in command and occupy a
pilot duty station during the operating cycles required by this section
and the line check.

Sec.  121.1235  Pilot: Routes and airports.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a pilot, unless that pilot has current information provided
by the certificate holder regarding routes, airports and terminal areas
into which that pilot operates. The certificate holder must ensure that
each pilot has adequate knowledge and skill to use the information. The
certificate holder must provide information on at least the following
subjects:
    (1) Weather.
    (2) Navigation facilities.
    (3) Communication procedures, including airport visual aids.
    (4) Terrain and obstructions.
    (5) Minimum safe flight levels.
    (6) En route and terminal area arrival and departure procedures,
holding procedures and authorized instrument approach procedures for
the airports involved.
    (7) Congested areas and physical layout of each airport in the
terminal area in which the pilot will operate.
    (8) Notices to Airmen.
    (b) Each certificate holder must provide a system acceptable to the
Administrator for disseminating the information required by paragraph
(a) of this section to the pilots and appropriate flight operations
personnel. The system must also provide an acceptable means for showing
compliance with pilot qualification for special areas, routes, and
airports.
    (c) The Administrator may determine that certain airports (due to
items such as surrounding terrain, obstructions, or complex approach or
departure procedures) are special airports requiring special airport
qualifications and that certain areas or routes require a special type
of navigation qualification.
    (d) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a pilot in special airport operations unless, within the
preceding 18 months, the pilot has met one of the following
requirements:
    (1) Made a takeoff and landing at the special airport while serving
as a pilot flying the aircraft.
    (2) Qualified by using photographs and diagrams approved by the
Administrator for the special airport.
    (3) Qualified by using written descriptions and diagrams of the
special characteristics of the airport only in those cases where the
country in which the airport is located does not allow photographs to
be taken of the airport. The written descriptions and diagrams must be
approved by the Administrator.

Sec.  121.1237  Pilot: Operating limitations and crew pairing.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a pilot in operations under this part unless either the pilot
in command or the second in command has at least 75 hours of line
operating flight time for that aircraft type, either as pilot in
command or second in command. The Administrator may, upon application
by the certificate holder, authorize deviations from the requirements
of this paragraph by an appropriate amendment to the operations
specifications in any of the following circumstances:
    (1) A new certificate holder does not employ any pilots who meet
the minimum requirements of this paragraph (a).

    (2) An existing certificate holder adds an aircraft type that was
not previously proven for use in its operations.
    (3) An existing certificate holder establishes a new domicile to
which it assigns pilots who will be required to become qualified on the
aircraft operated from that domicile.
    (b) If the second in command has fewer than 100 hours of flight
time as second in command in operations under this part in the aircraft
type being flown, and the pilot in command is not an appropriately
qualified check pilot, the pilot in command must make all takeoffs and
landings in any of the following conditions:
    (1) The prevailing visibility value in the latest weather report
for the airport is below \3/4\ mile.
    (2) The runway visual range for the runway to be used is below
4,000 feet.
    (3) The runway to be used has water, snow, slush or similar
conditions that may adversely affect aircraft performance.
    (4) The braking action on the runway to be used is reported to be
less than ``good.''
    (5) The crosswind component for the runway to be used is in excess
of 15 knots.
    (6) Windshear is reported in the vicinity of the airport.
    (7) Any time the pilot in command determines it to be prudent to
make the takeoffs and landings.
    (c) Except for check pilots, newly qualifying PIC in the aircraft
type, and as described in paragraph (d) of this section, no certificate
holder may use any person, nor may any person serve, as a PIC or SIC in
operations under this part unless the PIC has been trained for, is
assigned to, and operates the aircraft from the left hand pilot's seat,
and the SIC has been trained for, is assigned to, and operates the
aircraft from the right hand seat.
    (d) A certificate holder may authorize an assigned PIC to operate
the aircraft from the right hand pilot seat and to authorize the
assigned SIC to operate the aircraft from the left hand pilot seat
provided the pilots have completed either a training program for that
pilot seat or the seat dependent task training for that pilot seat in
accordance with the Pilot QPS. The responsibilities of the PIC and SIC
who exchange operating seats as described in this paragraph, remain
unchanged regardless of the pilot seat being occupied. Duties and
functions of the pilot flying and the pilot monitoring will change only
due to the limitations and requirements imposed by occupying the
opposite pilot seat.

Sec.  121.1239  Flight crewmember: Requalification.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a pilot or flight engineer if that person has become
unqualified by failing to complete recurrent academic or job
performance training segments including proficiency tests, proficiency
checks, and proficiency reviews, as required by Sec.  121.1223.
    (b) If a person fails to meet any of the requirements of paragraph
(a) of this section, then the person must complete the initial training
requirements of Sec.  121.1365 in accordance with the Pilot QPS,
including operating experience and proficiency test, or the person must
meet the requirements of this paragraph in accordance with the
appropriate requalification phase to be requalified. The
requalification phases are based on the person being unqualified and
the number of months after the month in which the person last served in
a crewmember duty position for the aircraft type in operations under
this part.
    (1) Phase I Requalification.
    (i) Eligibility for Phase I Requalification. An unqualified flight
crewmember may requalify by completing the Phase I Requalification
program if it has been less than 9 months since the month the person
last served in a crewmember duty position for the aircraft type.
    (ii) Phase I Requalification program. The flight crewmember must
complete all of the recurrent training modules or any modules that were
not completed. These requirements must be completed within 30 days of
beginning requalification training and less than 9 months from the
month the person last served in a crewmember duty position for the
aircraft type in operations under this part. The flight crewmember's
base month for recurrent training will not change.
    (2) Phase II Requalification.
    (i) Eligibility for Phase II Requalification. An unqualified flight
crewmember may requalify by completing the Phase II Requalification
program if it has been 9 months or more, but less than 27 months since
the month the person last served in a crewmember duty position for the
aircraft type in operations under this part.
    (ii) Phase II Requalification program. The flight crewmember must
complete the following Phase II Requalification requirements within 60
days of beginning requalification training and less than 27 months from
the month the person last served in a crewmember duty position for the
aircraft type in operations under this part:
    (A) The flight crewmember must complete the core conversion
training category. The Principal Operations Inspector will decide, on a
case by case basis, the number of programmed hours for academic and job
performance training. For academic training, the required programmed
hours may be more or less than the core conversion training hours. For
the job performance training segment, the programmed hours will be no
less than the minimum job performance programmed hours for the core
conversion training category required by the applicable QPS. A pilot in
command must also complete a line check.
    (B) The flight crewmember's recurrent base month must be changed as
appropriate to correspond to the month in which the proficiency test
was completed.
    (3) Phase III Requalification.
    (i) Eligibility for Phase III Requalification. An unqualified
flight crewmember must complete the Phase III Requalification program
if it has been 27 months or more since the month the person last served
in a crewmember duty position for the aircraft type in operations under
this part.
    (ii) Phase III Requalification program. The flight crewmember must
complete the following Phase III Requalification requirements within 90
days of beginning requalification training:
    (A) The flight crewmember must complete the full conversion
training category, except the programmed hours specified in the QPS do
not apply. The Principal Operations Inspector will decide, on a case by
case basis, the number of hours for academic and job performance
training. For job performance training, the programmed hours will be no
less than the minimum job performance programmed hours for the full
conversion training category required by the applicable QPS. A pilot
must also complete a qualification LOFT, and a pilot in command must
also complete a line check.
    (B) The flight crewmember's recurrent base month must be changed as
appropriate to correspond to the month in which the proficiency test
was completed.

Sec.  121.1241  Flight crewmembers at controls.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, each
required flight crewmember on flight deck duty must remain at the
assigned duty station with seat belt fastened while the aircraft is
taking off or landing, and while it is en route.

    (b) A required flight crewmember may leave the assigned duty
station only in the following situations:
    (1) If the crewmember's absence is necessary for the performance of
duties in connection with the operation of the aircraft.
    (2) If the crewmember's absence is in connection with physiological
needs.
    (3) If the crewmember (PIC or SIC) is taking a rest period, and
relief is provided during the en route cruise portion of the flight by
a pilot who meets all of the following:
    (i) Holds an airline transport pilot certificate and a type rating
on the aircraft.
    (ii) Is qualified as pilot in command or second in command on the
aircraft.
    (iii) Has completed operating experience in accordance with Sec.
121.1225.
    (iv) Has completed line operating flight time for consolidation, if
applicable, within the time prescribed in Sec.  121.1227.
    (v) Has completed either of the following:
    (A) Training for the duty station to be occupied.
    (B) Training for the opposite duty station and the seat dependent
task training described in the pilot QPS for the duty station to be
occupied.
    (vi) Is maintaining recency in accordance with Sec.  121.1229.
    (4) If the pilot in command is taking a rest period in accordance
with paragraph (b)(3) of this section, the pilot in command must
designate an acting pilot in command on the flight deck.

Check Pilot And Check Flight Engineer Qualification

Sec.  121.1251  Eligibility: Check pilot, check flight engineer,
Aircrew Program Designee (APD), and Flight Instructor.

    To be eligible to enter training as a check pilot, check flight
engineer, APD, or Flight Instructor, a person must meet the following
requirements:
    (a) For pilots:
    (1) Have an ATP certificate and a rating for the aircraft type in
which they are to serve.
    (2) Have served in one of the following capacities for at least 1
year in an aircraft of the same group in which that person is
authorized to instruct or evaluate:
    (i) A flight instructor in a certificate holder's approved training
program.
    (ii) A pilot in command.
    (iii) A Training Center Evaluator (TCE).
    (iv) A second in command.
    (3) Have completed the certificate holder's academic and job
performance training segments for pilot in command, in accordance with
Sec. Sec.  121.1365 and 121.1367, for the aircraft type on which they
are to serve as an instructor, check pilot, or APD.
    (b) For flight engineers:
    (1) Have a flight engineer certificate and a rating for the
aircraft type in which they are to serve.
    (2) Have served as a flight engineer for at least 1 year in an
aircraft of the same group in which that person is authorized to
instruct or evaluate.
    (3) Have completed the certificate holder's academic and job
performance training segments for flight engineer in accordance with
Sec. Sec.  121.1365 and 121.1367, for the aircraft type on which they
are to serve as an instructor, check flight engineer, or APD.

Sec.  121.1253  Check pilot and check flight engineer: Training,
evaluation, approval, and recent experience.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a check pilot or check flight engineer in a training program
established under this subpart, with respect to the aircraft type
involved, unless the person has satisfied the requirements of this
section.
    (a) Training:
    (1) For check pilots, the following:
    (i) The certificate holder's approved academic and job performance
training for check pilots, as required by Sec. Sec.  121.1381 and
121.1383.
    (ii) The seat dependent task training from both seats, in
accordance with the QPS.
    (2) For check flight engineers, the certificate holder's approved
academic and job performance training for check flight engineers, as
required by Sec. Sec.  121.1381 and 121.1383.
    (b) Evaluation:
    (1) For check pilots, the following observation checks:
    (i) To be authorized to conduct proficiency tests or proficiency
checks, the person must be observed conducting a proficiency test or
proficiency check in an FFS by an FAA inspector or an APD, and the
pilot undergoing the proficiency test or proficiency check for this
observation must be signed off by the FAA inspector or the APD as the
evaluator of record.
    (ii) To be authorized to conduct line checks, the person must be
observed conducting a line check by an FAA inspector or an APD, and the
pilot undergoing the line check for this observation must be signed off
by the FAA inspector or the APD as the evaluator of record.
    (2) For check flight engineers, to be authorized to conduct
proficiency tests or proficiency checks, the person must be observed
conducting a proficiency test or proficiency check in an FFS by an FAA
inspector or an APD, and the flight engineer undergoing the proficiency
test or proficiency check for this observation must be signed off by
the FAA inspector or the APD as the evaluator of record.
    (c) Approval:
    (1) For check pilots, after completing the requirements of
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the check pilot may be issued
an FAA letter of authorization to conduct the following, as applicable:
    (i) Proficiency tests, proficiency checks, or proficiency reviews,
or any combination.
    (ii) Line checks.
    (2) For check flight engineers, after completing the requirements
of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the check flight engineer
may be issued an FAA letter of authorization to conduct proficiency
tests, proficiency checks, or proficiency reviews, or any combination.
    (3) Check pilots and check flight engineers may conduct only those
activities listed on the FAA letter of authorization.
    (d) Recent experience:
    (1) Check pilots and check flight engineers must maintain recency
as a pilot or flight engineer as required by Sec.  121.1229 or Sec.
121.1231, as applicable. Check pilots and check flight engineers who
use the authorizations of Sec.  121.1229(c) or Sec.  121.1231(c), as
applicable, to maintain this recency of experience requirement, must
also, within 90 days before performing the duties of a check pilot or
check flight engineer, satisfy the following requirements:
    (i) The check pilot must have made at least five takeoffs and
landings in an FFS qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter
and approved for performing takeoffs and landings.
    (ii) The check flight engineer must have served as a flight
engineer on five takeoffs and landings in an FFS qualified in
accordance with part 60 of this chapter and approved for performing
takeoffs and landings.
    (2) After a person has been a check pilot or a check flight
engineer for 12 months:
    (i) The person may not serve as a check pilot or a check flight
engineer unless in the preceding 12 months the person has completed at
least eight evaluation activities for the certificate holder. The
minimum of eight activities must include at least one of each activity
he or she is authorized to conduct in accordance with the applicable
QPS. If the check pilot or check flight engineer fails to conduct at

least eight activities, that person may not serve as a check pilot or
check flight engineer until the person is re-observed by an FAA
inspector or an APD while conducting a proficiency test or proficiency
check. If the person has conducted eight activities but one or more of
the authorized activities have not been conducted:
    (A) The check pilot or check flight engineer may not serve as a
check pilot or check flight engineer until re-observed by an FAA
inspector or an APD while conducting a proficiency test or proficiency
check; or
    (B) The certificate holder must request that the FAA update the
check pilot's or check flight engineer's letter of authorization by
removing the non-conducted activities from the authorizations.
    (ii) Within the 12 months preceding performing the duties of a
check pilot or check flight engineer, the check pilot or check flight
engineer must have completed the following:
    (A) Attended all standardization meetings (required by Sec.
121.1355(a)(2)) for each aircraft type in which the person is
authorized to conduct check pilot or check flight engineer duties; and
    (B) If the check pilot or check flight engineer meets the
requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of this section by completing Sec.
121.1229(b) or Sec.  121.1231(b) through aircraft operations other than
line operations under this part, or by completing Sec.  121.1229(c) or
Sec.  121.1231(c) in a qualified and approved FFS, the check pilot or
check flight engineer must have observed the line operations of at
least one of the certificate holders for whom the check pilot or check
flight engineer performs evaluations. This observation must be part of
a Principal Operations Inspector approved line-observation program.

Sec.  121.1255  Check Captain: Additional training requirements.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a check captain in operations under this part with respect to the
aircraft type involved, unless the person is current and qualified as a
pilot in command and has done the following in an FSTD:
    (a) Learned the safety measures to be taken from either pilot seat
for emergency situations that are likely to develop during flight
operations.
    (b) Learned the potential consequences of improper, untimely or
unexecuted safety measures during flight operations.
    (c) Completed the seat dependent task training described in the
QPS.

Sec.  121.1257  Check pilot, check captain, and check flight engineer:
Initial cadre.

    (a) A certificate holder may use a person as a check pilot, check
captain, or check flight engineer even though the person does not meet
the experience, recency, crew pairing, or consolidation requirements of
the subpart, if the person meets the initial cadre requirements of this
section. The FAA will determine the period of initial cadre status and
may terminate initial cadre status entirely or for an individual check
pilot, check captain, or check flight engineer, if necessary. In no
case will initial cadre status exceed a period of 24 months.
    (b) To be an initial cadre check pilot, check captain, or check
flight engineer for a part 119 certificate holder and to continue to
serve in that capacity for the authorized period, a person must meet
all of the following requirements:
    (1) Be employed by the part 119 certificate holder.
    (2) Have served at least 3 years in the past 6 years as a pilot in
command or as a flight engineer, as applicable, on an aircraft of the
same group in which the person is to perform duties as an initial cadre
check pilot, check captain, or check flight engineer.
    (3) Have the appropriate certificates and ratings for the aircraft
type and pilot or flight engineer position.
    (4) Have completed the academic and job performance training
segments of the applicable training categories, as approved by the
Principal Operations Inspector for the part 119 certificate holder that
are required to serve as a pilot in command or flight engineer, as
applicable. For initial cadre check pilots, these requirements must be
completed for both pilot seats.
    (5) Perform each of the duties to be accomplished as a check pilot,
check captain, or check flight engineer under the observation of an FAA
inspector. When an observed activity must be made part of a training
record, the people undergoing the observed activities must be signed
off by the FAA inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (6) Be approved by the Principal Operations Inspector for the
specific duties to be performed.
    (c) Initial cadre check pilots, check captains, and check flight
engineers may obtain aircraft operating experience while supervising or
being supervised by other initial cadre check pilots, check captains,
and check flight engineers, and while being observed by the FAA.
Operating experience for initial cadre personnel may be obtained during
revenue passenger operations or during aircraft delivery flights, ferry
flights, repositioning flights, or proving flights.
    (d) An initial cadre check pilot, check captain, or check flight
engineer may not gain operating experience in operations under this
part unless there is at least one initial cadre check pilot on that
flight who has the following experience in the aircraft type:
    (1) Has at least 5 hours of operating experience at the pilot
controls; and
    (2) Has made at least two takeoffs and landings within the previous
60 days.
    (e) The part 119 certificate holder must propose for approval by
the Principal Operations Inspector, current employees, employees of
part 142 certificate holders, employees of other part 119 certificate
holders, or aircraft manufacturers as instructors, check pilots, and
aircrew program designees (APDs) for initial cadre duties. The FAA must
complete all evaluation of initial cadre check pilots and check flight
engineers.
    (f) Notwithstanding contrary provisions of Sec.  121.1227 for
consolidation of knowledge and skills (including operating experience
required under Sec.  121.1225), an initial cadre check pilot or check
captain may delay initiating line operating flight time for
consolidation. The initiation of consolidation may be delayed until 180
days after completing the proficiency test at the end of the initial or
transition training category, or until 10 days after the initial cadre
status is terminated by the Principal Operations Inspector, whichever
is sooner. Once consolidation is initiated, the pilot must acquire 100
hours of line operating experience within 120 days. If consolidation is
not completed as required by this paragraph, the pilot must restart
consolidation in accordance with Sec.  121.1227.
    (g) Notwithstanding contrary provisions of Sec.  121.1229 for
recent takeoff and landing experience, an initial cadre check pilot or
check captain may perform the duties of a pilot in command or second in
command in operations under this part if the initial cadre check pilot
or check captain has satisfied the following two requirements:
    (1) Has accumulated at least 5 hours of operating experience as the
pilot flying in the aircraft type.
    (2) Has made at least two takeoffs and landings as the pilot flying
within the previous 60 days in the aircraft type.
    (h) Notwithstanding contrary provisions of Sec.  121.1237 for crew
pairing, an initial cadre check pilot or check captain may perform the
duties of a pilot in command or second in command in operations under
this part without respect to the minimum number of hours of line
operating flight

time in that aircraft type accumulated by the pilot occupying the other
pilot position if the initial cadre check pilot or check captain has
satisfied the following two requirements:
    (1) Has accumulated at least 5 hours of operating experience as the
pilot flying in the aircraft type.
    (2) Has made at least two takeoffs and landings as the pilot flying
within the previous 60 days in the aircraft type.

Aircrew Program Designee Qualification

Sec.  121.1271  Aircrew Program Designee (APD): Training, evaluation,
and recent experience.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a pilot APD or a flight engineer APD in a training program
established under this subpart, with respect to the aircraft type
involved, unless the person meets the requirements of Sec.  121.1251
and has satisfied the requirements of this section.
    (a) Training:
    (1) For pilot APDs, the following:
    (i) The certificate holder's approved academic and job performance
training for check pilots, as required by Sec. Sec.  121.1381 and
121.1383.
    (ii) The seat dependent task training from both seats, in
accordance with the QPS.
    (2) For flight engineer APDs, the certificate holder's approved
academic and job performance training for check flight engineers, as
required by Sec. Sec.  121.1381 and 121.1383.
    (b) Evaluation:
    (1) For pilot APDs, the following observation checks:
    (i) To be authorized to conduct proficiency tests, the APD must be
observed conducting a proficiency test in an FFS by an FAA inspector,
and the pilot undergoing the proficiency test for this observation must
be signed off by the FAA inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (ii) To be authorized to conduct line checks, the APD must be
observed conducting a line check by an FAA inspector, and the pilot
undergoing the line check for this observation must be signed off by
the FAA inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (2) For flight engineer APDs, to be authorized to conduct
proficiency tests, the person must be observed conducting a proficiency
test in an FFS by an FAA inspector, and the flight engineer undergoing
the proficiency test for this observation must be signed off by the FAA
inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (c) Approval:
    (1) For pilot APDs, after completing the requirements of paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section, the pilot APD may be issued an FAA letter
of authorization and a certificate of designation to conduct the
following, as applicable:
    (i) Proficiency tests, or
    (ii) Line checks.
    (2) For flight engineer APDs, after completing the requirements of
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the flight engineer APD may be
issued an FAA letter of authorization and a certificate of designation
to conduct proficiency tests.
    (3) APDs may conduct only those activities listed on the FAA letter
of authorization.
    (d) Recent experience:
    (1) APDs must maintain recency as a pilot or flight engineer as
required by Sec.  121.1229 or Sec.  121.1231, as applicable. APDs who
use the authorizations of Sec.  121.1229(c) or Sec.  121.1231(c), as
applicable, to maintain this recency requirement, must also, within 90
days before performing the duties of an APD, satisfy the following
requirements:
    (i) The pilot APD must have made at least five takeoffs and
landings in an FFS qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter
and approved for performing takeoffs and landings.
    (ii) The flight engineer APD must have served as a flight engineer
on five takeoffs in an FFS qualified in accordance with part 60 of this
chapter and approved for performing takeoffs and landings.
    (2) After a person has been an APD for 12 months, within the 12
months preceding performing the duties of a pilot or flight engineer
APD, the APD must:
    (i) Have attended all standardization meetings (required by Sec.
121.1355(a)(2)) for each aircraft type in which the person is
authorized to conduct APD duties; and
    (ii) If the APD has met the requirements of paragraph (d)(1) of
this section by completing Sec.  121.1229(c) or Sec.  121.1231(c),
complete a Principal Operations Inspector approved line-observation
program by observing the certificate holder's line operations from the
observer seat.

Flight Instructor Qualification

Sec.  121.1281  Flight instructor: Qualification and training.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a flight instructor in a training program established under this
subpart, with respect to the aircraft type involved, unless the person
meets the requirements of Sec.  121.1251 and has satisfied the
requirements of this section.
    (a) Training:
    (1) For a pilot flight instructor, the following:
    (i) The FAA-approved training program for the certificate holder in
the appropriate category of academic and job performance training for
pilots, as required by Sec.  121.1365; and, when applicable, the
recurring academic and job performance training for pilots, as required
by Sec.  121.1367.
    (ii) The part 119 certificate holder's approved academic training
for pilot flight instructors, as required by Sec.  121.1377, and the
part 119 certificate holder's job performance training for pilot flight
instructors, as required by Sec.  121.1379.
    (iii) The seat-dependent task training from both seats, in
accordance with the QPS.
    (2) For a flight engineer flight instructor, the following:
    (i) The FAA-approved training program for the certificate holder in
the appropriate category of academic and job performance training for
flight engineers, as required by Sec.  121.1365; and, when applicable,
the recurring academic and job performance training for flight
engineers, as required by Sec.  121.1367.
    (ii) The part 119 certificate holder's approved academic training
for flight engineer flight instructors, as required by Sec.  121.1377,
and the part 119 certificate holder's job performance training for
flight engineer flight instructors, as required by Sec.  121.1379.
    (b) Evaluation:
    (1) For pilot flight instructors, the following observation checks:
    (i) To be authorized to conduct flight training:
    (A) The flight instructor must be observed conducting flight
training in an FFS by a check pilot; and
    (B) The pilot undergoing the flight training for this observation
must be signed off by the check pilot as the instructor of record.
    (ii) To be authorized to conduct proficiency reviews:
    (A) The flight instructor must be observed conducting a proficiency
review by a check pilot; and
    (B) The pilot undergoing the proficiency review for this
observation must be signed off by the check pilot as the evaluator of
record.
    (2) For flight engineer flight instructors, to be authorized to
conduct flight training:
    (i) The flight instructor must be observed conducting flight
training in an FFS by a check flight engineer; and
    (ii) The flight engineer undergoing the flight training for this
observation must

be signed off by the check flight engineer as the instructor of record.
    (c) Acceptance and approval:
    (1) Acceptance of flight instructors: The certificate holder must
submit a list of all flight instructors and authorized activities to
the Principal Operations Inspector. The flight instructors must be
acceptable to the FAA.
    (2) Approval of flight instructors to conduct proficiency reviews:
The flight instructor must receive a letter of authorization from the
Principal Operations Inspector to conduct proficiency reviews.
    (d) Recent experience:
    (1) Flight instructors must maintain recency as a pilot or flight
engineer as required by Sec.  121.1229 or Sec.  121.1231, as
applicable. Flight instructors who use the authorizations of Sec.
121.1229(c) or Sec.  121.1231(c), as applicable, to maintain this
recency requirement, must also, within 90 days before performing the
duties of a flight instructor, satisfy the following requirements:
    (i) The pilot flight instructor must have made at least five
takeoffs and landings and the maneuvers and procedures prescribed in
the QPS in an FFS qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter
and approved for performing takeoffs and landings.
    (ii) The flight engineer flight instructor must have served as a
flight engineer on five takeoffs in an FFS qualified in accordance with
part 60 of this chapter and approved for performing takeoffs and
landings.
    (2) After a person has been a flight instructor for 12 months:
    (i) The person may not serve as a flight instructor unless in the
preceding 12 months the person has completed at least eight instructor
activities for the certificate holder. The minimum of eight instructor
activities must include at least one period of job performance
training, one LOFT, and, if authorized, one proficiency review. If the
person fails to conduct at least eight activities within the previous
12-month period, that person may not serve as a flight instructor
until:
    (A) The person is observed conducting job performance training or
LOFT by a check pilot or check flight engineer. This observation will
allow the person to conduct job performance training or LOFT.
    (B) The person is observed conducting a proficiency review by a
check pilot or check flight engineer. This observation will allow the
person to conduct job performance training, LOFT, or proficiency
reviews.
    (C) During the observation required by paragraph (d)(2)(i)(A) or
(d)(2)(i)(B) of this section, the check pilot or check flight engineer
must be the instructor or evaluator of record.
    (ii) If the person conducts at least eight activities within the
previous 12-month period, but one or more of the authorized activities
was not conducted within that period:
    (A) Before conducting the job performance training, LOFT, or
proficiency reviews, the person must be observed by a check pilot or
check engineer, as described in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section, as
appropriate; or
    (B) The certificate holder must revise the list of authorized
activities described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section to eliminate
the activities that were not conducted. If the person fails to conduct
a proficiency review, the certificate holder must advise the Principal
Operations Inspector and the letter of authorization will be rescinded.
    (iii) Within the 12 months preceding performing the duties of a
pilot or flight engineer flight instructor, the flight instructor must
have attended all standardization meetings (required by Sec.
121.1355(a)(2)) for each aircraft type and for each certificate holder
for which the person is authorized to conduct flight instructor duties.
    (e) If the flight instructor is authorized to conduct proficiency
reviews, the flight instructor must, within the preceding 24 months,
conduct a proficiency review under the observation of a check pilot or
check flight engineer approved by the Principal Operations Inspector to
conduct the observation. The proficiency review must be accomplished in
an FFS qualified under part 60 of this chapter as prescribed in the
applicable QPS.

Flight Attendant Instructor Qualification

Sec.  121.1291  Flight attendant instructor: Qualification and
training.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, no
certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve, as a
flight attendant instructor in a training program established under
this subpart unless that person meets the following requirements:
    (1) Within the past 12 months, completed basic qualification or
recurrent flight attendant training for the certificate holder, except
those performance drills that the person cannot physically perform. A
person may provide instruction only in those performance drills that
the person can perform at the time of instruction and that the person
has completed within the past 12 months as part of the person's basic
qualification or recurrent flight attendant training for the
certificate holder.
    (2) Within the past 12 months completed initial or recurrent flight
attendant instructor training as follows:
    (i) Training policies and procedures.
    (ii) Instructor duties, functions and responsibilities.
    (iii) The applicable regulations of this chapter and the
certificate holder's policies and procedures.
    (iv) Appropriate methods, procedures and techniques for conducting
academic training to include performance drills.
    (v) Evaluation of student performance.
    (vi) Appropriate action in the case of unsatisfactory performance.
    (vii) The approved methods, procedures and limitations for
instructing and evaluating in the required normal, abnormal and
emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft.
    (viii) Curriculum review.
    (b) A person who is a subject matter expert with specific technical
knowledge on a subject may be used to conduct flight attendant training
in accordance with the Flight Attendant QPS.

Flight Attendant

Sec.  121.1301  Flight attendant: Training and evaluation.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a required flight attendant in operations under this part unless
that person has completed the required curriculum for that aircraft
type and crewmember duty position.
    (a) A curriculum consists of the programmed hours, including
training and evaluation, as specified in Sec.  121.1335 and in the
flight attendant QPS, and the following training categories.
    (1) New hire training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1363.
    (2) Initial training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1369.
    (3) Emergency training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1373.
    (4) Differences training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1391.
    (5) Transition training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1369 for flight
attendants eligible under Sec.  121.1371.
    (6) Recurrent training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1375, according
to the schedule prescribed in Sec.  121.1303.
    (7) Requalification training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1309.
    (8) Special training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1337.
    (b) Continuity of training. Within 120 days of beginning first time
qualification

for the certificate holder, a person must have completed in the
following order:
    (1) New hire training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1363.
    (2) Initial training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1369.
    (3) Emergency training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1373.
    (c) Failure to complete training within 120 days. If a person fails
to complete the required curriculum within the 120 days, as required by
paragraph (b) of this section, the person must repeat the required
training categories. No credit is given for any of the training
previously completed if the entire curriculum is not completed within
120 days.

Sec.  121.1303  Flight attendant: Continuing qualification.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a flight attendant unless the person has completed the training
required by paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section within the
previous 12 months:
    (a) New hire training, initial training, transition training,
emergency training, and differences training, as applicable, as
described in Sec.  121.1301(a)(1) through (5).
    (b) Recurrent training as required by Sec.  121.1375.
    (1) A flight attendant must complete recurrent academic and job
performance training modules by the end of the eligibility period. The
eligibility period consists of the base month, the month before the
base month and the month after the base month.
    (2) A flight attendant who has not completed recurrent training by
the end of the base month may continue to serve until the end of the
eligibility period.
    (c) Requalification training as prescribed in Sec.  121.1309.

Sec.  121.1305  Flight attendant: Aircraft operating experience.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a flight attendant, unless that person has completed, for the
certificate holder, the aircraft operating experience required by this
section and the Flight Attendant QPS.
    (a) A person must complete aircraft operating experience for the
aircraft type on which the person is to serve as a flight attendant
within 90 days of completing initial training on that aircraft type.
    (b) A person receiving aircraft operating experience may not serve
as a required crewmember on that aircraft type.
    (c) Aircraft operating experience must be completed in passenger
carrying operations under this part or in proving flights conducted
under part 91 of this chapter.
    (d) A person may not begin aircraft operating experience for a
specific aircraft type until the person has completed initial training
for the aircraft type.
    (e) A check flight attendant qualified under this part must
supervise aircraft operating experience. In addition the following
requirements apply:
    (1) A check flight attendant may not supervise more than four
persons receiving aircraft operating experience on any one operating
cycle.
    (2) Not more than two check flight attendants may supervise
aircraft operating experience on any one operating cycle.
    (3) The number of persons receiving aircraft operating experience
on a particular aircraft may not exceed twice the number of flight
attendants required by Sec.  121.391 for that aircraft.
    (f) A person receiving aircraft operating experience must perform
the duties of a flight attendant on at least two operating cycles in
the aircraft type with a check flight attendant on board.
    (g) A person receiving aircraft operating experience must perform
the assigned duties of a flight attendant for a combined total of at
least 5 hours of aircraft operating experience.
    (h) Flight attendants completing transition training are not
subject to the aircraft operating experience requirements of this
section.

Sec.  121.1307  Flight attendant: Recent experience.

    (a) After a flight attendant has served for the first time in
operations under this part for the certificate holder, no certificate
holder may use that flight attendant, nor may any flight attendant
continue to serve as a flight attendant, unless within the preceding 6
months the person has served as a flight attendant for at least one
operating cycle for the certificate holder.
    (b) If a person has not met the recent experience requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section, the person must reestablish recent
experience as follows:
    (1) If it has been more than 6 months, but less than 36 months,
since the person served as a flight attendant for at least one
operating cycle for the certificate holder, the person must participate
in a ground-based briefing on all policies, procedures, and security
requirements pertinent to flight attendants that have been updated,
modified, or implemented since the last time the person served as a
flight attendant for the certificate holder. The briefing must be
conducted by a knowledgeable person employed by the certificate holder.
    (2) If it has been 36 months or more since the person served as a
flight attendant for at least one operating cycle for the certificate
holder, the person must do the following:
    (i) Meet the briefing requirements of paragraph (b)(1) of this
section.
    (ii) Serve as a flight attendant for one operating cycle on any
aircraft type for that certificate holder, but not as a required
crewmember.

Sec.  121.1309  Flight attendant: Requalification.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as a flight attendant if that person has become unqualified by failing
to meet the recurrent training requirements of Sec.  121.1303(b). The
requalification requirements for each phase must be completed before
the end of the applicable phase of requalification. To be requalified
the person must repeat the training required by Sec.  121.1301(a)(1),
(a)(3), (a)(4), and (a)(5), or satisfy one of the following
requirements:
    (a) Phase I Requalification program. If less than 12 months have
elapsed since the end of the person's base month for recurrent
training, the person may be requalified by completing either of the
following:
    (1) If the part 119 certificate holder is presently conducting the
recurrent flight attendant training cycle that the person missed, the
person must complete that training. The base month for recurrent
training does not change.
    (2) If the part 119 certificate holder is not presently conducting
the recurrent flight attendant training cycle that the person missed,
the person must complete the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and
(a)(2)(ii) of this section, and if applicable paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of
this section. The base month for recurrent training may be changed.
    (i) The current recurrent flight attendant training cycle.
    (ii) All missed training, including all study materials and
evaluations from the previous recurrent flight attendant training
cycle, which is still applicable but is not included in the current
recurrent flight attendant training cycle.
    (iii) Flight attendants qualified in extended overwater operations
must participate in a cabin preparation and evacuation drill (water),
if not part of the current recurrent flight attendant training cycle.
    (b) Phase II Requalification program. If 12 months or more, but
less than 24 months, have elapsed since the end of the person's base
month for recurrent

training, the person may be requalified by completing the requirements
of this paragraph. The base month may be changed.
    (1) The current recurrent flight attendant training cycle.
    (2) All missed training, including all study materials and
evaluations from the previous recurrent flight attendant training
cycle(s), which is still applicable but is not included in the current
recurrent flight attendant training cycle.
    (3) Flight attendants qualified in extended overwater operations
must participate in a cabin preparation and evacuation drill (water),
if not part of the current recurrent flight attendant training cycle.
    (4) Attend a ground-based briefing to review all new policies,
procedures, and security requirements, applicable to flight attendant
duties that have been implemented since the last time the flight
attendant completed recurrent training. The briefing must be conducted
by a knowledgeable person employed by the certificate holder. The
briefing must include all policies, procedures, and security
requirements applicable to flight attendants that have been updated,
modified, or implemented since the person last served as a flight
attendant for that certificate holder.
    (c) Phase III Requalification program. If 24 months or more have
elapsed since the end of the person's base month for recurrent
training, the person may be requalified by completing the requirements
of this paragraph. The flight attendant's recurrent base month may be
changed to correspond to the month in which the Phase III requirements
were completed.
    (1) New hire training, transition training, emergency training, and
differences training, as applicable, as described in Sec.  121.1301.
    (2) The flight attendant must receive 5 hours of aircraft operating
experience and two operating cycles on at least one aircraft type in
accordance with the Phase III Requalification requirements in the
Flight Attendant QPS.
    (3) The Administrator determines the number of programmed hours
required for each training category, but in no case will the programmed
hours be less than the minimum hours required in the Flight Attendant
QPS.

Check Flight Attendant Qualification

Sec.  121.1321  Check flight attendant: Eligibility, approval,
qualification, and continuing qualification.

    (a) Eligibility for Training. To be eligible for training as a
check flight attendant for an aircraft type, a person must meet the
following requirements:
    (1) Have served as a flight attendant for at least the previous 12
months for the part 119 certificate holder.
    (2) Be current and qualified to serve as a flight attendant on that
aircraft type for the part 119 certificate holder.
    (b) Approval by the Administrator. A check flight attendant must be
approved by the Administrator for the specific duties to be performed
on the aircraft type. To be approved as a check flight attendant, the
flight attendant must meet the following requirements:
    (1) Continue to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section.
    (2) Complete the check flight attendant training requirements in
accordance with Sec.  121.1381.
    (c) Initial qualification. No certificate holder may use any
person, nor may any person serve, as a check flight attendant for the
first time on the aircraft type, unless the person meets the following
requirements for the part 119 certificate holder:
    (1) Meets the requirements of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section.
    (2) Supervises operating experience for at least one operating
cycle on the aircraft type under the observation of a check flight
attendant or an FAA inspector. The person undergoing operating
experience must be signed off by the check flight attendant or the FAA
inspector conducting the observation.
    (3) Meets the recent experience requirements of Sec.  121.1307(a)
to serve as a flight attendant.
    (d) Continuing qualification. No certificate holder may use a check
flight attendant, nor may any check flight attendant serve as a check
flight attendant, unless the check flight attendant meets the following
requirements for the part 119 certificate holder:
    (1) Maintains approval by the Administrator to perform specific
duties of a check flight attendant, as specified in paragraph (b) of
this section.
    (2) Meets the recent experience requirements of Sec.  121.1307(a)
to serve as a flight attendant.
    (3) Within the preceding 12 months, has completed recurrent check
flight attendant training in accordance with Sec.  121.1381(c)(1) and
(c)(3).
    (4) Within the preceding 12 months, has completed at least one
operating cycle as a flight attendant or check flight attendant on that
aircraft type.
    (5) Within the preceding 12 months, supervised aircraft operating
experience for at least one operating cycle.
    (e) Reestablishing recent experience. If the requirements of
paragraphs (d)(4) or (d)(5) of this section are not met, the person may
not serve as a check flight attendant until the person is observed
supervising aircraft operating experience in the aircraft type for at
least one cycle by another check flight attendant or an FAA inspector.

Sec.  121.1323  Check flight attendant: Initial cadre.

    (a) A certificate holder may use a person as a check flight
attendant even though the person does not meet the experience or
recency requirements of the subpart, if the person meets the initial
cadre requirements of this section. The FAA will determine the period
of initial cadre status and may terminate initial cadre status entirely
or for an individual check flight attendant, if necessary. In no case
will initial cadre status exceed a period of 24 months.
    (b) To be an initial cadre check flight attendant for a part 119
certificate holder, and to continue to serve in that capacity for the
authorized period, a person must meet all of the following
requirements:
    (1) Be employed by the part 119 certificate holder.
    (2) Have served at least 3 years in the past 6 years as a flight
attendant on an aircraft of the same group in which the person is to
perform duties as an initial cadre check flight attendant.
    (3) Have completed the training as specified in Sec.
121.1301(a)(1) through (6), as appropriate.
    (4) Be approved by the FAA for the specific duties to be performed.
    (c) To be an initial cadre check flight attendant for a part 119
certificate holder, a person must:
    (1) Meet all of the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section;
and
    (2) Perform the duties of a check flight attendant for the new part
119 certificate holder or a certificate holder transitioning to a new
aircraft type under the observation of an FAA inspector. This
observation check can be conducted during operations under this part or
during proving flights conducted under part 91 of this chapter. When an
observed activity must be made part of a training record, the people
undergoing the observed activities must be signed off by the FAA
inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (d) If the certificate holder wants FAA approval for a person to be
an initial cadre check flight attendant but that person has not met the
requirements of Sec.  121.1305, he or she can satisfy those
requirements by meeting the following:
    (1) Being observed by the FAA while supervising other flight
attendants, while supervising other check flight attendants, or while
performing the duties of a flight attendant; and

    (2) During operations conducted under this part or during proving
flights conducted under part 91 of this chapter.
    (e) Only employees of a part 142 certificate holder, part 119
certificate holder, or the aircraft manufacturer may administer the
training and evaluation activities for initial cadre check flight
attendants, in accordance with the Flight Attendant QPS and as approved
by the FAA. In addition, current and qualified check flight attendants
for the part 119 certificate holder that is adding a new aircraft type
do not need to meet the observation requirements of paragraph (c)(2) of
this section for the new aircraft type.

General Training Program Requirements

Sec.  121.1331  Training program: General.

    (a) Each certificate holder must establish and maintain a current
training program for each aircraft type used. Each curriculum in a
training program must be kept current with respect to any changes in
the requirements of this chapter or the certificate holder's policies
and operation. Each certificate holder must obtain initial and final
approval of its training program, as specified in Sec.  121.1337.
    (b) The training program must contain all of the following:
    (1) The requirements of this subpart.
    (2) The requirements of the crewmember QPS, as applicable.
    (3) The operating procedures for each required task in the
crewmember's QPS. These operating procedures are contained in the
information, duties, and responsibilities of crewmembers that are
contained in the manual required by Sec.  121.133.
    (4) For flight crewmembers, the procedures, limitations, and
performance information from the Flight Crew Operating Manual required
by Sec. Sec.  121.133 and 121.135.
    (c) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that its
crewmembers are adequately trained and crewmember training and
evaluation is conducted in accordance with the certificate holder's
approved training program.
    (d) Persons other than employees of the certificate holder may be
trained by the certificate holder for the purpose of instructing in the
certificate holder's training program, conducting evaluations in the
certificate holder's training program, or conducting evaluations of the
certificate holder's training program.
    (e) A certificate holder's training program must provide the
following, as applicable:
    (1) Curricula, categories of training, segments of training,
modules, and lessons applicable for use for the specific certificate
holder as required by this subpart and approved by the Administrator.
    (2) A sufficient number of academic and job performance
instructors, trained and qualified in accordance with this subpart, to
provide the approved training and evaluation.
    (3) A sufficient number of check pilots, check flight engineers and
check flight attendants, trained and qualified in accordance with this
subpart, to complete the training and evaluations required by this
subpart.
    (4) Flight simulation training devices required by this subpart,
qualified under part 60 of this chapter, and approved for use by the
Principal Operations Inspector responsible for approving the
certificate holder's training program. Flight simulation training
devices must be available in sufficient quantity to conduct the
training program as approved.
    (5) Training equipment other than flight simulation training
devices in accordance with Sec.  121.1351. This training equipment must
be available in sufficient quantity to conduct the training program as
approved.
    (6) Adequate academic and job performance training facilities.
    (7) Current training materials, examinations, forms, instructions,
and procedures for use in conducting the training and evaluation
required by this part with respect to each aircraft type, and if
applicable, the particular variations within that aircraft type.
    (f) No certificate holder may use a person as a crewmember, unless
the person responsible for instructing or evaluating an academic
training subject or job performance training task or environment, has
certified in writing or electronically that the crewmember is
knowledgeable and proficient in the specific subject, task, or
environment.
    (1) The documentation required by this paragraph must be made a
part of the crewmember's record required by subpart V of this part.
    (i) For flight attendants, the record must show if the individual
satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily completed each of the training
categories in Sec.  121.1301, as appropriate.
    (ii) For flight crewmembers, the record must show if the individual
satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily completed each of the training
categories in Sec.  121.1221, as appropriate. In addition, the record
must show if the individual satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily
completed each of the proficiency tests, proficiency checks, or
proficiency reviews required by this part. Records of unsatisfactory
results must include the specific items for which performance was
unsatisfactory.
    (2) When the record of certification required by this paragraph is
made by an entry in a computerized recordkeeping system, the identity
of the certifying instructor, check pilot, check flight engineer, or
check flight attendant must be recorded, and the record of the
certification must be completed by a means approved by the
Administrator.

Sec.  121.1333  Training program: General curriculum by aircraft type.

    (a) Each certificate holder must establish and maintain a current
written training program curriculum for each aircraft type operated by
that certificate holder under this part. Curricula must be available
for each crewmember position required for that aircraft type. Each
curriculum must include categories of training with segments containing
the appropriate subjects, tasks, and environments required by this
subpart and the appropriate QPS. The curriculum will be provided for
approval in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(7) of this
section.
    (b) Each training program curriculum must provide training and
evaluation as necessary to ensure that each crewmember:
    (1) Remains trained and proficient with respect to each aircraft
type, crewmember position, and type of operation in which the
crewmember serves.
    (2) Remains trained and proficient in the duties and
responsibilities for the aircraft type that are contained in the manual
required by Sec.  121.133 as outlined in Sec.  121.135.
    (3) For each flight crewmember, remains trained and knowledgeable
in the current operating limitations, procedures, loading, and
performance sections of the current Flight Crew Operating Manual or any
FAA approved alternative.
    (4) Qualifies in new equipment, facilities, procedures, and
techniques, including modifications to aircraft. Pilots must also
qualify in designated special airports and navigation routes and areas
as required by Sec.  121.1235.
    (5) Understands the nature and effects of safety hazards, and for
flight crewmembers, periodic weather extremes and their effect on
operations.
    (6) Knows and is able to apply, through all phases of flight, crew
resource management skills identified in the QPS.
    (c) Each training program curriculum must include all of the
following:

    (1) A list of academic training and evaluation modules including
the subjects that are provided.
    (2) A list of all job performance training and evaluation modules
including the tasks and environments. The list must include the
level(s) of FSTD in which each job performance task must be performed
and in which each environment may be encountered, unless the
certificate holder has been granted a deviation from the FSTD
requirements of this subpart in accordance with Sec.  121.1345.
    (3) Detailed descriptions or pictorial displays of the approved
standard operating procedures, abnormal procedures, non-normal
procedures, and emergency procedures that will be performed during job
performance training and evaluation. For a certificate holder that has
been granted a deviation under Sec.  121.1345, detailed descriptions or
pictorial displays of the approved normal, abnormal, and emergency
maneuvers, procedures, and functions that will be performed during each
job performance training module or during each proficiency test, check,
or review, indicating those maneuvers, procedures and functions that
are to be performed during job performance training and during each
proficiency test, check, or review.
    (4) An outline of the curriculum that includes academic and job
performance training and evaluation modules by subject, task, and
environment, as applicable.
    (5) Differences that relate to the variations of a particular
aircraft type to be included in all academic and job performance
training segments for purposes of training and evaluation.
    (6) A list of all the FSTD, and other training and evaluation
equipment that the certificate holder will use, including approval for
particular tasks or functions.
    (7) The approved programmed hours for each training segment.
    (8) A copy of each statement issued by the Administrator under
Sec.  121.1335(c) for reduction of baseline programmed hours.

Sec.  121.1335  Training program: Category of training programmed
hours.

    (a) Each certificate holder's training program submitted for
initial approval under this subpart must have at least the programmed
baseline hours of training as specified in the applicable crewmember
QPS. Training programmed hours include training and evaluation.
    (1) Academic training hours must be in a classroom provided by the
certificate holder unless otherwise approved by the Administrator.
Proposals for a training environment other than a classroom provided by
the certificate holder must be accompanied by a plan for assessing the
knowledge and cognitive skill requirements to be supported by the
proposed alternative environment, and for providing the testing of each
student to ensure the knowledge and skill requirements are met.
    (2) Programmed hours for flight crewmember job performance training
are for FSTD lessons for a specific duty position.
    (3) Programmed hours for flight attendant job performance training
must be completed in an environment that complies with the requirements
of the Flight Attendant QPS.
    (b) The certificate holder must have programmed hours approved by
the Principal Operations Inspector. A certificate holder may apply for
a reduction of training programmed hours based on the factors outlined
in Sec.  121.1337(f). The Administrator will not approve a reduction of
programmed hours below the minimum hours set forth in the applicable
crewmember QPS.
    (c) If approval of a reduction in training programmed hours is
granted, the Administrator provides the certificate holder with a
statement of the basis for the approval.
    (d) The Administrator may grant a deviation to certificate holders
described in Sec.  135.3 (b) and (c) of this chapter to allow reduced