section use molar flow rate, nref, as a reference quantity.
If your reference meter outputs a flow rate in a different quantity,
such as standard volume rate,Vstdref, actual volume
rate,Vactref, or mass rate, mref, convert your
reference meter output to a molar flow rate using the following
equations, noting that while values for volume rate, mass rate,
pressure, temperature, and molar mass may change during an emission
test, you should ensure that they are as constant as practical for each
individual set point during a flow meter calibration:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.210

Where:

nref = reference molar flow rate.
Vstdref = reference volume flow rate corrected to a
standard pressure and a standard temperature.
Vactref = reference volume flow rate at the actual
pressure and temperature of the flow rate.
mref = reference mass flow.
pstd = standard pressure.
pact = actual pressure of the flow rate.
Tstd = standard temperature.
Tact = actual temperature of the flow rate.
R = molar gas constant.
Mmix = molar mass of the flow rate.

Example 1:

Vstdref = 1000.00 ft\3/min\ = 0.471948 m\3/s\
pstd = 29.9213 in Hg @ 32 [deg]F = 101.325 kPa = 101325 Pa =
101325 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Tstd = 68.0 [deg]F = 293.15 K
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.211

nref = 19.619 mol/s

Example 2:

mref = 17.2683 kg/min = 287.805 g/s
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.212

nref = 10.0000 mol/s

    (b) * *
    (3) Perform a least-squares regression of Vrev, versus
Ks, by calculating slope, a1, and intercept,
a0, as described for a floating intercept in Sec.  1065.602.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Calculate the Reynolds number, Re#, for each
reference molar flow rate, nref, using the throat diameter
of the venturi, dt. Because the dynamic viscosity, [micro],
is needed to compute Re#, you may use your own fluid
viscosity model to determine [micro] for your calibration gas (usually
air), using good engineering judgment. Alternatively, you may use the
Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model to approximate [micro], as
shown in the following sample calculation for Re#:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.213

    Where, using the Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model as
captured in Table 4 of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.214

Where:

[micro]0 = Sutherland reference viscosity.
T0 = Sutherland reference temperature.
S = Sutherland constant.

               Table 4 of Sec.   1065.640--Sutherland Three-Coefficient Viscosity Model Parameters
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                           [micro] 0         T0           S         Temperature   Pressure limit
                                       ------------------------------------------  range within         \b\
                                                                                2% ---------------
                Gas \a\                      (kg/                                    error \b\
                                         (m[middot]s))      (K)          (K)     ----------------      (kPa)
                                                                                (K)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air...................................  1.716[middot]1          273          111     170 to 1900          <=1800
                                                   0-5
CO2...................................  1.370[middot]1          273          222     190 to 1700          <=3600
                                                   0-5
H2O...................................  1.12[middot]10-         350         1064     360 to 1500         <=10000
                                                     5
O2....................................  1.919[middot]1          273          139     190 to 2000          <=2500
                                                   0-5
N2....................................  1.663[middot]1          273          107     100 to 1500          <=1600
                                                   0-5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use tabulated parameters only for the pure gases, as listed. Do not combine parameters in calculations to
  calculate viscosities of gas mixtures.
\b\ The model results are valid only for ambient conditions in the specified ranges.

Example:

[micro]0 = 1.716[middot]10-5 kg/(m[middot]s)
T0 = 273 K
S = 111 K

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.215

[micro] = 1.838[middot]10-5 kg/(m[middot]s)
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
nref = 57.625 mol/s
dt = 152.4 mm = 0.1524 m
Tin = 298.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.216

Re# = 7.538[middot]105
* * * * *
    (3) Perform a least-squares regression analysis to determine the
best-fit coefficients for the equation and calculate SEE as described
in Sec.  1065.602. When using Eq. 1065.640-12, treat Cd as y
and the radical term as yref and use Eq. 1065.602-12 to
calculate SEE. When using another mathematical expression, use the same
approach to substitute that expression into the numerator of Eq.
1065.602-12 and replace the 2 in the denominator with the number of
coefficients in the mathematical expression.
* * * * *

0
351. Amend Sec.  1065.642 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c)(1) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.642  PDP, SSV, and CFV molar flow rate calculations.

* * * * *
    (b) SSV molar flow rate. Calculate SSV molar flow rate, n, as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.217

Where:

Cd = discharge coefficient, as determined based on the
Cd versus Re# equation in Sec.
1065.640(d)(2).
Cf = flow coefficient, as determined in Sec.
1065.640(c)(3)(ii).
At = venturi throat cross-sectional area.
pin = static absolute pressure at the venturi inlet.
Z = compressibility factor.
Mmix = molar mass of gas mixture.
R = molar gas constant.
Tin = absolute temperature at the venturi inlet.

Example:

At = 0.01824 m\2\
pin = 99.132 kPa = 99132 Pa = 99132 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 298.15 K
Re# = 7.232[middot]10\5\
[gamma] = 1.399
[beta] = 0.8
[Delta]p = 2.312 kPa

    Using Eq. 1065.640-7:

rssv = 0.997

    Using Eq. 1065.640-6:

Cf = 0.274

    Using Eq. 1065.640-5:

Cd = 0.990
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.218

n = 58.173 mol/s

    (c) * * *
    (1) To calculate n through one venturi or one combination of
venturis, use its respective mean Cd and other constants you
determined according to Sec.  1065.640 and calculate n as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.219

Where:

Cf = flow coefficient, as determined in Sec.
1065.640(c)(3).

Example:

Cd = 0.985
Cf = 0.7219
At = 0.00456 m2
pin = 98.836 kPa = 98836 Pa = 98836 kg/
(m[middot]s2)
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m2[middot]kg)/
(s2[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 378.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.220

n = 33.690 mol/s
* * * * *

0
352. Add Sec.  1065.643 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.643  Carbon balance error verification calculations.

    This section describes how to calculate quantities used in the
carbon balance error verification described in Sec.  1065.543.
Paragraphs (a) through (c) of this section describe how to calculate
the mass of carbon for a test interval from carbon-carrying fluid
streams, intake air into the system, and exhaust emissions,
respectively. Paragraph (d) of this section describes how to use these
carbon masses to calculate four different quantities for evaluating
carbon balance error. Use rectangular or trapezoidal integration
methods to calculate masses and amounts over a test interval from
continuously measured or calculated mass and molar flow rates.
    (a) Fuel and other fluids. Determine the mass of fuel, DEF, and
other carbon-carrying fluid streams, other than intake air, flowing
into the system, mfluidj, for each test interval. Note that
Sec.  1065.543 allows you to omit all flows other than fuel. You may
determine the mass of DEF based on ECM signals for DEF flow rate. You
may determine fuel mass during field testing based on ECM signals for
fuel flow rate. Calculate the mass of carbon from the combined

carbon-carrying fluid streams flowing into the system as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.221

Where:

j = an indexing variable that represents one carbon-carrying fluid
stream.
N = total number of carbon-carrying fluid streams into the system
over the test interval.
wC = carbon mass fraction of the carbon-carrying fluid
stream as determined in Sec.  1065.655(d).
mfluid = the mass of the carbon-carrying fluid stream
determined over the test interval.

Example:

N = 2
wCfuel = 0.869
wCDEF = 0.065
mfuel = 1119.6 g
mDEF = 36.8 g
mCfluid = 0.869[middot]1119.6 + 0.065[middot]36.8 = 975.3 g

    (b) Intake air. Calculate the mass of carbon in the intake air,
mCair, for each test interval using one of the methods in
this paragraph (b). The methods are listed in order of preference. Use
the first method where all the inputs are available for your test
configuration. For methods that calculate mCair based on the
amount of CO2 per mole of intake air, we recommend measuring
intake air concentration, but you may calculate xCO2int
using Eq. 1065.655-10 and letting xCO2intdry = 375
[micro]mol/mol.
    (1) Calculate mCair, using the following equation if you
measure intake air flow:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.222

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
nint = measured amount of intake air over the test
interval.
xCO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
intake air.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nint = 62862 mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot]62862[middot]0.000369 = 278.6 g

    (2) Calculate mCair, using the following equation if you
measure or calculate raw exhaust flow and you calculate chemical
balance terms:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.223

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
nexh = calculated or measured amount of raw exhaust over
the test interval.
xH2Oexh = amount of H2O in exhaust per mole of
exhaust.
xCO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
intake air.
xdil/exhdry = amount of excess air per mole of dry
exhaust. Note that excess air and intake air have the same
composition, so xCO2dil = xCO2int and
xH2Odil = xH2Oint for the chemical balance
calculation for raw exhaust.
xint/exhdry = amount of intake air required to produce
actual combustion products per mole of dry exhaust.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nexh = 62862 mol
xH2Oexh = 0.034 mol/mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
xdil/exhdry = 0.570 mol/mol
xint/exhdry = 0.465 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot]62862[middot](1 -
0.034)[middot]0.000369[middot](0.570 + 0.465) = 278.6 g

    (3) Calculate mCair, using the following equation if you
measure raw exhaust flow:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.224

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
nexh = measured amount of raw exhaust over the test
interval.
xCO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
intake air.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nexh = 62862 mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot]62862[middot]0.000369 = 278.6 g

    (4) Calculate mCair, using the following equation if you
measure diluted exhaust flow and dilution air flow:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.225

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
ndexh = measured amount of diluted exhaust over the test
interval as determined in Sec.  1065.642.
ndil = measured amount of dilution air over the test
interval as determined in Sec.  1065.667(b).
xCO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
intake air.

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
ndexh = 942930 mol
ndil = 880068 mol
xCO2int = 369 [micro]mol/mol = 0.000369 mol/mol
mCair = 12.0107[middot](942930 - 880068)[middot]0.000369 =
278.6 g

    (5) Determined mCair based on ECM signals for intake air
flow as described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section.
    (6) If you measure diluted exhaust, determine mCair as
described in paragraph (b)(4) of this section using a calculated amount
of dilution air over the test interval as determined in Sec.
1065.667(d) instead of the measured amount of dilution air.
    (c) Exhaust emissions. Calculate the mass of carbon in exhaust
emissions, mCexh, for each test interval as follows:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.226

Where:

MC = molar mass of carbon.
mCO2 = mass of CO2 over the test interval as
determined in Sec.  1065.650(c).
MCO2 = molar mass of carbon dioxide.
mCO = mass of CO over the test interval as determined in
Sec.  1065.650(c).
MCO = molar mass of carbon monoxide.
mTHC = mass of THC over the test interval as determined
in Sec.  1065.650(c).
MTHC = effective C1 molar mass of total
hydrocarbon as defined in Sec.  1065.1005(f)(2).

Example:

MC = 12.0107 g/mol
mCO2 = 4567 g
MCO2 = 44.0095 g/mol
mCO = 0.803 g
MCO = 28.0101 g/mol
mTHC = 0.537 g
MTHC = 13.875389 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.227

    (d) Carbon balance error quantities. Calculate carbon balance error
quantities as follows:
    (1) Calculate carbon mass absolute error, [epsi]aC, for
a test interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.228

Where:

mCexh = mass of carbon in exhaust emissions over the test
interval as determined in paragraph (d) of this section.
mCfluid = mass of carbon in all the carbon-carrying fluid
streams flowing into the system over the test interval as determined
in paragraph (a) of this section.
mCair = mass of carbon in the intake air flowing into the
system over the test interval as determined in paragraph (b) of this
section.

Example:

mCexh = 1247.2 g
mCfluid = 975.3 g
mCair = 278.6 g
[Ograve]aC = 1247.2-975.3-278.6 = -6.7 g

    (2) Calculate carbon mass rate absolute error,
[isin]aCrate, for a test interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.229

Where:

t = duration of the test interval.

Example:

[isin]aC = -6.7 g
t = 1202.2 s = 0.3339 hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.230

    (3) Calculate carbon mass relative error, [isin]rC, for
a test interval as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.276

Example:

[isin]aC = -6.7 g
mCfliud = 975.3 g
mCair = 278.6 g
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.231

    (4) Calculate composite carbon mass relative error,
[isin]rCcomp, for a duty cycle with multiple test intervals
as follows:
    (i) Calculate [isin]rCcomp using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.232

Where:

i = an indexing variable that represents one test interval.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the
standard-setting part.
mCexh = mass of carbon in exhaust emissions over the test
interval as determined in paragraph (c) of this section.
mCfluid = mass of carbon in all the carbon-carrying fluid
streams that flowed into the system over the test interval as
determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
mCair = mass of carbon in the intake air that flowed into
the system over the test interval as determined in paragraph (b) of
this section.
t = duration of the test interval. For duty cycles with multiple
test intervals of a prescribed duration, such as cold-start and hot-
start transient cycles, set t = 1 for all test intervals. For
discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles with multiple test intervals
of varying duration, set t equal to the actual duration of each test
interval.

    (ii) The following example illustrates calculation of
[isin]rCcomp, for cold-start and hot-start transient cycles:

N = 2
WF1 = 1/7
WF2 = 6/7
mCexh1 = 1255.3 g
mCexh2 = 1247.2 g
mCfluid1 = 977.8 g
mCfluid2 = 975.3 g
mCair1 = 280.2 g
mCair2 = 278.6 g
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.233

    (iii) The following example illustrates calculation of
[isin]rCcomp for multiple test intervals with varying
duration, such as discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
mCexh1 = 2.873 g
mCexh2 = 0.125 g
mCfluid1 = 2.864 g
mCfluid2 = 0.095 g
mCair1 = 0.023 g
mCair2 = 0.024 g
t1 = 123 s
t2 = 306 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.234

0
353. Amend Sec.  1065.650 by revising paragraphs (b)(3) introductory
text, (c)(1), (c)(2)(i) introductory text, (c)(3), (d) introductory
text, (d)(7), (f)(2) introductory text, and (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.650  Emission calculations.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (3) For field testing, you may calculate the ratio of total mass to
total work, where these individual values are determined as described
in paragraph (f) of this section. You may also use this approach for
laboratory testing, consistent with good engineering judgment. Good
engineering judgment dictates that this method not be used if there are
any work flow paths described in Sec.  1065.210 that cross the system
boundary, other than the primary output shaft (crankshaft). This is a
special case in which you use a signal linearly proportional to raw
exhaust molar flow rate to determine a value proportional to total
emissions. You then use the same linearly proportional signal to
determine total work using a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air,
and exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655, plus information about your
engine's brake-specific fuel consumption. Under this method, flow
meters need not meet accuracy specifications, but they must meet the
applicable linearity and repeatability specifications in subpart D or J
of this part. The result is a brake-specific emission value calculated
as follows:
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) Concentration corrections. Perform the following sequence of
preliminary calculations on recorded concentrations:
    (i) Use good engineering judgment to time-align flow and
concentration data to match transformation time, t50, to
within 1 s.
    (ii) Correct all gaseous emission analyzer concentration readings,
including continuous readings, sample bag readings, and dilution air
background readings, for drift as described in Sec.  1065.672. Note
that you must omit this step where brake-specific emissions are
calculated without the drift correction for performing the drift

validation according to Sec.  1065.550(b). When applying the initial
THC and CH4 contamination readings according to Sec.
1065.520(f), use the same values for both sets of calculations. You may
also use as-measured values in the initial set of calculations and
corrected values in the drift-corrected set of calculations as
described in Sec.  1065.520(f)(7).
    (iii) Correct all THC and CH4 concentrations for initial
contamination as described in Sec.  1065.660(a), including continuous
readings, sample bags readings, and dilution air background readings.
    (iv) Correct all concentrations measured on a ``dry'' basis to a
``wet'' basis, including dilution air background concentrations, as
described in Sec.  1065.659.
    (v) Calculate all NMHC and CH4 concentrations, including
dilution air background concentrations, as described in Sec.  1065.660.
    (vi) For emission testing with an oxygenated fuel, calculate any HC
concentrations, including dilution air background concentrations, as
described in Sec.  1065.665. See subpart I of this part for testing
with oxygenated fuels.
    (vii) Correct all the NOX concentrations, including
dilution air background concentrations, for intake-air humidity as
described in Sec.  1065.670.
    (2) * * *
    (i) Varying flow rate. If you continuously sample from a changing
exhaust flow rate, time align and then multiply concentration
measurements by the flow rate from which you extracted it. We consider
the following to be examples of changing flows that require a
continuous multiplication of concentration times molar flow rate: Raw
exhaust, exhaust diluted with a constant flow rate of dilution air, and
CVS dilution with a CVS flow meter that does not have an upstream heat
exchanger or electronic flow control. This multiplication results in
the flow rate of the emission itself. Integrate the emission flow rate
over a test interval to determine the total emission. If the total
emission is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass by
multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the
emission, m. Calculate m for continuous sampling with variable flow
using the following equations:
* * * * *
    (3) Batch sampling. For batch sampling, the concentration is a
single value from a proportionally extracted batch sample (such as a
bag, filter, impinger, or cartridge). In this case, multiply the mean
concentration of the batch sample by the total flow from which the
sample was extracted. You may calculate total flow by integrating a
changing flow rate or by determining the mean of a constant flow rate,
as follows:
    (i) Varying flow rate. If you collect a batch sample from a
changing exhaust flow rate, extract a sample proportional to the
changing exhaust flow rate. We consider the following to be examples of
changing flows that require proportional sampling: Raw exhaust, exhaust
diluted with a constant flow rate of dilution air, and CVS dilution
with a CVS flow meter that does not have an upstream heat exchanger or
electronic flow control. Integrate the flow rate over a test interval
to determine the total flow from which you extracted the proportional
sample. Multiply the mean concentration of the batch sample by the
total flow from which the sample was extracted. If the total emission
is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass by multiplying it
by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the emission, m. In the
case of PM emissions, where the mean PM concentration is already in
units of mass per mole of sample, MPM, simply multiply it by
the total flow. The result is the total mass of PM, mPM.
Calculate m for batch sampling with variable flow using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.235

Example:

MNOX = 46.0055 g/mol
N = 9000
XNOX= 85.6 [mu]mol/mol = 85.6[middot]10-6 mol/mol
ndexh1= 25.534 mol/s
ndexh2= 26.950 mol/s
[fnof]record = 5 Hz

    Using Eq. 1065.650-5:

[Delta]t = 1/5 = 0.2
mNOX = 46.0055[middot]85.6[middot]10-6[middot](25.534 +
26.950 +...+ nexh9000)[middot]0.2
mNOX = 4.201 g
    (ii) Constant flow rate. If you batch sample from a constant
exhaust flow rate, extract a sample at a proportional or constant flow
rate. We consider the following to be examples of constant exhaust
flows: CVS diluted exhaust with a CVS flow meter that has either an
upstream heat exchanger, electronic flow control, or both. Determine
the mean molar flow rate from which you extracted the constant flow
rate sample. Multiply the mean concentration of the batch sample by the
mean molar flow rate of the exhaust from which the sample was
extracted, and multiply the result by the time of the test interval. If
the total emission is a molar quantity, convert this quantity to a mass
by multiplying it by its molar mass, M. The result is the mass of the
emission, m. In the case of PM emissions, where the mean PM
concentration is already in units of mass per mole of sample,
MPM, simply multiply it by the total flow, and the result is
the total mass of PM, mPM.
    (A) Calculate m for sampling with constant flow using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.236

    (B) Calculate M for PM or any other analysis of a batch sample that
yields a mass per mole of sample using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.237

    (C) The following example illustrates a calculation of
mPM:

MPM = 144.0 [mu]g/mol = 144.0[middot]10-6 g/mol
n&dexh= 57.692 mol/s
[Delta]t = 1200 s
mPM = 144.0[middot]10-6[middot]57.692[middot]1200
mPM = 9.9692 g
* * * * *
    (d) Total work over a test interval. To calculate the total work
from the engine over a test interval, add the total work from all the
work paths described in Sec.  1065.210 that cross the system boundary
including electrical energy/work, mechanical shaft work, and fluid
pumping work. For all work paths, except the engine's primary output
shaft (crankshaft), the total work for the path over the test interval
is the integration of the net work flow rate (power) out of the system
boundary. When energy/work flows into the system boundary, this work
flow rate signal becomes negative; in this case, include these negative
work rate values in the integration to calculate total work from that
work path. Some work paths may result in a negative total work. Include
negative total work values from any work path in the calculated total
work from the engine rather than setting the values to zero. The rest
of this paragraph (d) describes how to calculate total work from the
engine's primary output shaft over a test interval. Before integrating
power on the engine's primary output shaft, adjust the speed and torque
data for the time alignment used in Sec.  1065.514(c). Any advance or
delay used on the feedback signals for cycle validation must also be
used for

calculating work. Account for work of accessories according to Sec.
1065.110. Exclude any work during cranking and starting. Exclude work
during actual motoring operation (negative feedback torques), unless
the engine was connected to one or more energy storage devices.
Examples of such energy storage devices include hybrid powertrain
batteries and hydraulic accumulators, like the ones illustrated in
Figure 1 of Sec.  1065.210. Exclude any work during reference zero-load
idle periods (0% speed or idle speed with 0 N[middot]m reference
torque). Note, that there must be two consecutive reference zero load
idle points to establish a period where the zero-load exclusion
applies. Include work during idle points with simulated minimum torque
such as Curb Idle Transmissions Torque (CITT) for automatic
transmissions in ``drive''. The work calculation method described in
paragraphs (d)(1) though (7) of this section meets the requirements of
this paragraph (d) using rectangular integration. You may use other
logic that gives equivalent results. For example, you may use a
trapezoidal integration method as described in paragraph (d)(8) of this
section.
* * * * *
    (7) Integrate the resulting values for power over the test
interval. Calculate total work as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.238

Where:

W = total work from the primary output shaft.
Pi = instantaneous power from the primary output shaft
over an interval i.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.239

Example:

N = 9000
[fnof]n1 = 1800.2 r/min
[fnof]n2 = 1805.8 r/min
T1 = 177.23 N[middot]m
T2 = 175.00 N[middot]m
Crev = 2[middot][pi] rad/r
Ct1 = 60 s/min
Cp = 1000 (N[middot]m[middot]rad/s)/kW
[fnof]record = 5 Hz
Ct2 = 3600 s/hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.240

P1 = 33.41 kW
P2 = 33.09 kW

    Using Eq. 1065.650-5:

[Delta]t = 1/5 = 0.2 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.241

W = 16.875 kW[middot]hr
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) Total work. To calculate a value proportional to total work
over a test interval, integrate a value that is proportional to power.
Use information about the brake-specific fuel consumption of your
engine, efuel, to convert a signal proportional to fuel flow
rate to a signal proportional to power. To determine a signal
proportional to fuel flow rate, divide a signal that is proportional to
the mass rate of carbon products by the fraction of carbon in your
fuel, wC. You may use a measured wC or you may
use default values for a given fuel as described in Sec.  1065.655(e).
Calculate the mass rate of carbon from the amount of carbon and water
in the exhaust, which you determine with a chemical balance of fuel,
DEF, intake air, and exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655. In the
chemical balance, you must use concentrations from the flow that
generated the signal proportional to molar flow rate, nj, in paragraph
(e)(1) of this section. Calculate a value proportional to total work as
follows:
* * * * *
    (g) Brake-specific emissions over a duty cycle with multiple test
intervals. The standard-setting part may specify a duty cycle with
multiple test intervals, such as with discrete-mode steady-state
testing. Unless we specify otherwise, calculate composite brake-
specific emissions over the duty cycle as described in this paragraph
(g). If a measured mass (or mass rate) is negative, set it to zero for
calculating composite brake-specific emissions, but leave it unchanged
for drift validation. In the case of calculating composite brake-
specific emissions relative to a combined emission standard (such as a
NOX + NMHC standard), change any negative mass (or mass
rate) values to zero for a particular pollutant before combining the
values for the different pollutants.
    (1) Use the following equation to calculate composite brake-
specific emissions for duty cycles with multiple test intervals all
with prescribed durations, such as cold-start and hot-start transient
cycles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.242

Where:

i = test interval number.
N[middot] = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the
standard-setting part.
m = mass of emissions over the test interval as determined in
paragraph (c) of this section.
W = total work from the engine over the test interval as determined
in paragraph (d) of this section.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.1428
WF2 = 0.8572
m1 = 70.125 g
m2 = 64.975 g
W1 = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
W2 = 25.783 kW[middot]hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.243

eNOXcomp = 2.548 g/kW[middot]hr

    (2) Calculate composite brake-specific emissions for duty cycles
with multiple test intervals that allow use of varying duration, such
as discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles, as follows:
    (i) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific
emissions over test intervals based on total mass and total work as
described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.244

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the
standard-setting part.
m = mass of emissions over the test interval as determined in
paragraph (c) of this section.
W = total work from the engine over the test interval as determined
in paragraph (d) of this section.
t = duration of the test interval.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
m1 = 1.3753 g

m2 = 0.4135 g
t1 = 120 s
t2 = 200 s
W1 = 2.8375 kW[middot]hr
W2 = 0.0 kW[middot]hr
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.245

eNOxcomp = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr

    (ii) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific
emissions over test intervals based on the ratio of mass rate to power
as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.246

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the
standard-setting part.
mi = mean steady-state mass rate of emissions over the test interval
as determined in paragraph (e) of this section.

P = mean steady-state power over the test interval as described in
paragraph (e) of this section.

Example:

N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
mi1 = 2.25842 g/hr
mi2 = 0.063443 g/hr
P1 = 4.5383 kW
P2 = 0.0 kW
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.247

eNOxcomp = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr
* * * * *

0
354. Amend Sec.  1065.655 by revising the section heading and
paragraphs (a), (c) introductory text, (c)(3), (d) introductory text,
(e), and (f)(3) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.655  Chemical balances of fuel, DEF, intake air, and
exhaust.

    (a) General. Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust may
be used to calculate flows, the amount of water in their flows, and the
wet concentration of constituents in their flows. With one flow rate of
either fuel, intake air, or exhaust, you may use chemical balances to
determine the flows of the other two. For example, you may use chemical
balances along with either intake air or fuel flow to determine raw
exhaust flow. Note that chemical balance calculations allow measured
values for the flow rate of diesel exhaust fluid for engines with urea-
based selective catalytic reduction.
* * * * *
    (c) Chemical balance procedure. The calculations for a chemical
balance involve a system of equations that require iteration. We
recommend using a computer to solve this system of equations. You must
guess the initial values of up to three quantities: The amount of water
in the measured flow, xH2Oexh, fraction of dilution air in
diluted exhaust, xdil/exh, and the amount of products on a
C1 basis per dry mole of dry measured flow,
xCcombdry. You may use time-weighted mean values of
combustion air humidity and dilution air humidity in the chemical
balance; as long as your combustion air and dilution air humidities
remain within tolerances of 0.0025 mol/mol of their
respective mean values over the test interval. For each emission
concentration, x, and amount of water, xH2Oexh, you must
determine their completely dry concentrations, xdry and
xH2Oexhdry. You must also use your fuel mixture's atomic
hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, [alpha], oxygen-to-carbon ratio, [beta],
sulfur-to-carbon ratio, [gamma], and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio, [delta];
you may optionally account for diesel exhaust fluid (or other fluids
injected into the exhaust), if applicable. You may calculate [alpha],
[beta], [gamma], and [delta] based on measured fuel composition or
based on measured fuel and diesel exhaust fluid (or other fluids
injected into the exhaust) composition together, as described in
paragraph (e) of this section. You may alternatively use any
combination of default values and measured values as described in
paragraph (e) of this section. Use the following steps to complete a
chemical balance:
* * * * *
    (3) Use the following symbols and subscripts in the equations for
performing the chemical balance calculations in this paragraph (c):

 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.655--Symbols and Subscripts for Chemical Balance
                                Equations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                Amount of dilution gas or excess air per
              x                             mole of exhaust
------------------------------------------------------------------------
xH2Oexh......................  amount of H2O in exhaust per mole of
                                exhaust
xCcombdry....................  amount of carbon from fuel and any
                                injected fluids in the exhaust per mole
                                of dry exhaust
xH2dry.......................  amount of H2 in exhaust per amount of dry
                                exhaust
KH2Ogas......................  water-gas reaction equilibrium
                                coefficient; you may use 3.5 or
                                calculate your own value using good
                                engineering judgment
xH2Oexhdry...................  amount of H2O in exhaust per dry mole of
                                dry exhaust
xprod/intdry.................  amount of dry stoichiometric products per
                                dry mole of intake air
xdil/exhdry..................  amount of dilution gas and/or excess air
                                per mole of dry exhaust
xint/exhdry..................  amount of intake air required to produce
                                actual combustion products per mole of
                                dry (raw or diluted) exhaust
xraw/exhdry..................  amount of undiluted exhaust, without
                                excess air, per mole of dry (raw or
                                diluted) exhaust
xO2int.......................  amount of intake air O2 per mole of
                                intake air
xCO2intdry...................  amount of intake air CO2 per mole of dry
                                intake air; you may use xCO2intdry = 375
                                [micro]mol/mol, but we recommend
                                measuring the actual concentration in
                                the intake air
xH2Ointdry...................  amount of intake air H2O per mole of dry
                                intake air
xCO2int......................  amount of intake air CO2 per mole of
                                intake air
xCO2dil......................  amount of dilution gas CO2 per mole of
                                dilution gas
xCO2dildry...................  amount of dilution gas CO2 per mole of
                                dry dilution gas; if you use air as
                                diluent, you may use xCO2dildry = 375
                                [micro]mol/mol, but we recommend
                                measuring the actual concentration in
                                the intake air
xH2Odildry...................  amount of dilution gas H2O per mole of
                                dry dilution gas
xH2Odil......................  amount of dilution gas H2O per mole of
                                dilution gas
x[emission]meas..............  amount of measured emission in the sample
                                at the respective gas analyzer
x[emission]dry...............  amount of emission per dry mole of dry
                                sample
xH2O[emission]meas...........  amount of H2O in sample at emission-
                                detection location; measure or estimate
                                these values according to Sec.
                                1065.145(e)(2)
xH2Oint......................  amount of H2O in the intake air, based on
                                a humidity measurement of intake air
[alpha]......................  atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the
                                fuel (or mixture of test fuels) and any
                                injected fluids

[beta].......................  atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel
                                (or mixture of test fuels) and any
                                injected fluids
[gamma]......................  atomic sulfur-to-carbon ratio of the fuel
                                (or mixture of test fuels) and any
                                injected fluids
[delta]......................  atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the
                                fuel (or mixture of test fuels) and any
                                injected fluids
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (d) Carbon mass fraction of fuel. Determine carbon mass fraction of
fuel, wC, based on the fuel properties as determined in
paragraph (e) of this section, optionally accounting for diesel exhaust
fluid's contribution to [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta], or other
fluids injected into the exhaust, if applicable (for example, the
engine is equipped with an emission control system that utilizes DEF).
Calculate wC using the following equation:
* * * * *
    (e) Fuel and diesel exhaust fluid composition. Determine fuel and
diesel exhaust fluid composition represented by [alpha], [beta],
[gamma], and [delta] as described in this paragraph (e). When using
measured fuel or diesel exhaust fluid properties, you must determine
values for [alpha] and [beta] in all cases. If you determine
compositions based on measured values and the default value listed in
Table 2 of this section is zero, you may set [gamma] and [delta] to
zero; otherwise determine [gamma] and [delta] (along with [alpha] and
[beta]) based on measured values. Determine elemental mass fractions
and values for [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] as follows:
    (1) For liquid fuels, use the default values for [alpha], [beta],
[gamma], and [delta] in Table 2 of this section or determine mass
fractions of liquid fuels for calculation of [alpha], [beta], [gamma],
and [delta] as follows:
    (i) Determine the carbon and hydrogen mass fractions according to
ASTM D5291 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010). When using
ASTM D5291 to determine carbon and hydrogen mass fractions of gasoline
(with or without blended ethanol), use good engineering judgment to
adapt the method as appropriate. This may include consulting with the
instrument manufacturer on how to test high-volatility fuels. Allow the
weight of volatile fuel samples to stabilize for 20 minutes before
starting the analysis; if the weight still drifts after 20 minutes,
prepare a new sample). Retest the sample if the carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen mass fractions do not add up to a total
mass of 100  0.5%; if you do not measure oxygen, you may
assume it has a zero concentration for this specification. You may also
assume that sulfur and nitrogen have a zero concentration for all fuels
except residual fuel blends.
    (ii) Determine oxygen mass fraction of gasoline (with or without
blended ethanol) according to ASTM D5599 (incorporated by reference in
Sec.  1065.1010). For all other liquid fuels, determine the oxygen mass
fraction using good engineering judgment.
    (iii) Determine the nitrogen mass fraction according to ASTM D4629
or ASTM D5762 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010) for all
liquid fuels. Select the correct method based on the expected nitrogen
content.
    (iv) Determine the sulfur mass fraction according to subpart H of
this part.
    (2) For gaseous fuels and diesel exhaust fluid, use the default
values for [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] in Table 2 of this
section, or use good engineering judgment to determine those values
based on measurement.
    (3) For nonconstant fuel mixtures, you must account for the varying
proportions of the different fuels. This paragraph (e)(3) generally
applies for dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines, but it also applies if
diesel exhaust fluid is injected in a way that is not strictly
proportional to fuel flow. Account for these varying concentrations
either with a batch measurement that provides averaged values to
represent the test interval, or by analyzing data from continuous mass
rate measurements. Application of average values from a batch
measurement generally applies to situations where one fluid is a minor
component of the total fuel mixture, for example dual-fuel and
flexible-fuel engines with diesel pilot injection, where the diesel
pilot fuel mass is less than 5% of the total fuel mass and diesel
exhaust fluid injection; consistent with good engineering judgment.
    (4) Calculate [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] using the
following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.248

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.249

Where:

N = total number of fuels and injected fluids over the duty cycle.
j = an indexing variable that represents one fuel or injected fluid,
starting with j = 1.
mj = the mass flow rate of the fuel or any injected fluid j. For
applications using a single fuel and no DEF fluid, set this value to
1. For batch measurements, divide the total mass of fuel over the
test interval duration to determine a mass rate.
wHj = hydrogen mass fraction of fuel or any injected
fluid j.
wCj = carbon mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid
j.
wOj = oxygen mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid
j.
wSj = sulfur mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid
j.
wNj = nitrogen mass fraction of fuel or any injected
fluid j.

Example:

N = 1
j = 1
m1= 1
wH1 = 0.1239
wC1 = 0.8206
wO1 = 0.0547
wS1 = 0.00066
wN1 = 0.000095
MC = 12.0107

MH = 1.00794
MO = 15.9994
MS = 32.065
MN = 14.0067
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.250

[alpha] = 1.799
[beta] = 0.05004
[gamma] = 0.0003012
[delta] = 0.0001003

    (5) Table 2 follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.251

    (f) * * *
    (3) Fluid mass flow rate calculation. This calculation may be used
only for steady-state laboratory testing. You may not use this
calculation if the standard-setting part requires carbon balance error
verification as described in Sec.  1065.543. See Sec.
1065.915(d)(5)(iv) for application to field testing. Calculate
nexh based on mj using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.252

Where:

nexh = raw exhaust molar flow rate from which you
measured emissions.
j = an indexing variable that represents one fuel or injected fluid,
starting with j = 1.
N = total number of fuels and injected fluids over the duty cycle.
mj = the mass flow rate of the fuel or any injected fluid j.
wCj = carbon mass fraction of the fuel and any injected
fluid j.

Example:

N = 1
j = 1
m1= 7.559 g/s
wC1 = 0.869 g/g
MC = 12.0107 g/mol
[chi]Ccombdry1 = 99.87 mmol/mol = 0.09987 mol/mol
[chi]H20exhdry1 = 107.64 mmol/mol = 0.10764 mol/mol

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.253

nexh = 6.066 mol/s
* * * * *

0
355. Amend Sec.  1065.659 by revising paragraph (c)(2) and (3) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.659  Removed water correction.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) If the measurement comes from raw exhaust, you may determine
the amount of water based on intake-air humidity, plus a chemical
balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and exhaust as described in Sec.
1065.655.
    (3) If the measurement comes from diluted exhaust, you may
determine the amount of water based on intake-air humidity, dilution
air humidity, and a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and
exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655.
* * * * *

0
356. Amend Sec.  1065.660 by adding paragraphs (a)(5) and (6) and
revising paragraphs (b)(2) introductory text, (b)(2)(ii) introductory
text, (b)(2)(iii) introductory text, (b)(3) introductory text, (b)(4),
(c)(2), (d) introductory text, (d)(1) introductory text, (d)(1)(ii)
introductory text, (d)(1)(iii) introductory text, (d)(2), and (e) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.660  THC, NMHC, NMNEHC, CH4, and C2H6 determination.

    (a) * * *
    (5) You may calculate THC as the sum of NMHC and CH4 if
you determine CH4 with an FTIR as described in paragraph
(d)(2) of this section and NMHC with an FTIR using the additive method
from paragraph (b)(4) of this section.
    (6) You may calculate THC as the sum of NMNEHC,
C2H6, and CH4 if you determine
CH4 with an FTIR as described in paragraph (d)(2) of this
section, C2H6 with an FTIR as described in
paragraph (e) of this section, and NMNEHC with an FTIR using the
additive method from paragraph (c)(3) of this section.
    (b) * * *
    (2) For nonmethane cutters, calculate [chi]NMHC using
the nonmethane cutter's methane penetration fraction,
PFCH4[NMC-FID], and the ethane response factor penetration
fraction, RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID], from Sec.  1065.365, the THC
FID's methane response factor, RFCH4[THC-FID], from Sec.
1065.360, the initial THC contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC
concentration, [chi]THC[THC-FID]cor, as determined in
paragraph (a) of this section, and the dry-to-wet corrected methane
concentration, [chi]THC[NMC-FID]cor, optionally corrected
for initial THC contamination as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section.
* * * * *
    (ii) Use the following equation for penetration fractions
determined using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(e):
* * * * *
    (iii) Use the following equation for penetration fractions
determined using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(f)
or for penetration fractions determined as a function of molar water
concentration using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.
1065.365(d):
* * * * *
    (3) For a GC-FID or FTIR, calculate [chi]NMHC using the
THC analyzer's methane response factor, RFCH4[THC-FID], from
Sec.  1065.360, and the initial THC contamination and dry-to-wet
corrected THC concentration, [chi]THC[THC-FID]cor, as
determined in paragraph (a) of this section as follows:
* * * * *
    (4) For an FTIR, calculate [chi]NMHC by summing the
hydrocarbon species listed in Sec.  1065.266(c) as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.254

Where:

[chi]NMHC = concentration of NMHC.
[chi]HCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of
hydrocarbon species i as measured by the FTIR, not corrected for
initial contamination.
[chi]HCi-init = the C1-equivalent
concentration of the initial system contamination (optional) of
hydrocarbon species i, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the
FTIR.

Example:

[chi]C2H6 = 4.9 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]C2H4 = 0.9 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]C2H2 = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]C3H8 = 0.4 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]C3H6 = 0.5 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]C4H10 = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]CH2O = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]C2H4O = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]CH2O2 = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]CH4O = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]NMHC = 4.9 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 0.8 + 0.3 +
0.1 + 0.1
[chi]NMHC = 9.1 [mu]mol/mol
    (c) * * *
    (2) For a GC-FID, NMC FID, or FTIR, calculate
[chi]NMNEHC using the THC analyzer's methane response
factor, RFCH4[THC-FID], and ethane response factor,
RFC2H6[THC-FID], from Sec.  1065.360, the initial
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration,
[chi]THC[THC-FID]cor, as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section, the dry-to-wet corrected methane concentration,
[chi]CH4, as determined in paragraph (d) of this section,
and the dry-to-wet corrected ethane concentration,
[chi]C2H6, as determined in paragraph (e) of this section as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.255

Where:

[chi]NMNEHC = concentration of NMNEHC.
[chi]THC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
CH4.
[chi]CH4 = concentration of CH4, dry-to-wet
corrected, as measured by the GC-FID, NMC FID, or FTIR.
RFC2H6[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
C2H6.
[chi]C2H6 = the C1-equivalent concentration of
C2H6, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the
GC-FID or FTIR.

Example:

[chi]THC[THC-FID]cor = 145.6 [mu]mol/mol
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 0.970
[chi]CH4 = 18.9 [mu]mol/mol
RFC2H6[THC-FID] = 1.02
[chi]C2H6 = 10.6 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]NMNEHC = 145.6-0.970 [middot] 18.9-1.02 [middot] 10.6
[chi]NMNEHC = 116.5 [mu]mol/mol
* * * * *
    (d) CH4 determination. Use one of the following methods to
determine methane concentration, [chi]CH4:
    (1) For nonmethane cutters, calculate [chi]CH4 using the
nonmethane cutter's methane penetration fraction,
PFCH4[NMC-FID], and the ethane response

factor penetration fraction, RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID, from Sec.
1065.365, the THC FID's methane response factor,
RFCH4[THC-FID], from Sec.  1065.360, the initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration,
[chi]THC[THC-FID]cor, as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section, and the dry-to-wet corrected methane concentration,
[chi]THC[NMC-FID]cor, optionally corrected for initial THC
contamination as determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
* * * * *
    (ii) Use the following equation for penetration fractions
determined using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(e):
* * * * *
    (iii) Use the following equation for penetration fractions
determined using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(f)
or for penetration fractions determined as a function of molar water
concentration using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.
1065.365(d):
* * * * *
    (2) For a GC-FID or FTIR, [chi]CH4 is the actual dry-to-
wet corrected methane concentration as measured by the analyzer.
    (e) C2H6 determination. For a GC-FID or FTIR, [chi]C2H6
is the C1-equivalent, dry-to-wet corrected ethane
concentration as measured by the analyzer.

0
357. Amend Sec.  1065.665 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.665  THCE and NMHCE determination.

    (a) If you measured an oxygenated hydrocarbon's mass concentration,
first calculate its molar concentration in the exhaust sample stream
from which the sample was taken (raw or diluted exhaust), and convert
this into a C1-equivalent molar concentration. Add these
C1-equivalent molar concentrations to the molar
concentration of non-oxygenated total hydrocarbon (NOTHC). The result
is the molar concentration of total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE).
Calculate THCE concentration using the following equations, noting that
Eq. 1065.665-3 is required only if you need to convert your oxygenated
hydrocarbon (OHC) concentration from mass to moles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.256

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.257

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.258

Where:

[chi]THCE = the sum of the C1-equivalent
concentrations of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, alcohols, and
aldehydes.
[chi]NOTHC = the sum of the C1-equivalent
concentrations of NOTHC.
[chi]OHCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of oxygenated
species i in diluted exhaust, not corrected for initial
contamination.
[chi]OHCi-init = the C1-equivalent
concentration of the initial system contamination (optional) of
oxygenated species i, dry-to-wet corrected.
[chi]THC[THC-FID]cor = the C1-equivalent
response to NOTHC and all OHC in diluted exhaust, HC contamination
and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC-FID.
RFOHCi[THC-FID] = the response factor of the FID to
species i relative to propane on a C1-equivalent basis.
Mdexh = the molar mass of diluted exhaust as determine in
Sec.  1065.340.
mdexhOHCi = the mass of oxygenated species i in dilute
exhaust.
MOHCi = the C1-equivalent molecular weight of
oxygenated species i.
mdexh = the mass of diluted exhaust.
ndexhOHCi = the number of moles of oxygenated species i
in total diluted exhaust flow.
ndexh = the total diluted exhaust flow.
* * * * *

0
358. Amend Sec.  1065.667 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.667  Dilution air background emission correction.

* * * * *
    (d) You may determine the total flow of dilution air from the
measured dilute exhaust flow and a chemical balance of the fuel, DEF,
intake air, and dilute exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655. For this
paragraph (d), the molar flow of dilution air is calculated by
multiplying the dilute exhaust flow by the mole fraction of dilution
gas to dilute exhaust, [chi]dil/ex, from the dilute chemical
balance. This may be done by totaling continuous calculations or by
using batch results. For example, to use batch results, the total flow
of dilution air is calculated by multiplying the total flow of diluted
exhaust, ndexh, by the flow-weighted mean mole fraction of
dilution air in diluted exhaust, [chi]dil/exh. Calculate
[chi]dil/exh using flow-weighted mean concentrations of
emissions in the chemical balance, as described in Sec.  1065.655. The
chemical balance in Sec.  1065.655 assumes that your engine operates
stoichiometrically, even if it is a lean-burn engine, such as a
compression-ignition engine. Note that for lean-burn engines this
assumption could result in an error in emission calculations. This
error could occur because the chemical balance in Sec.  1065.655 treats
excess air passing through a lean-burn engine as if it was dilution
air. If an emission concentration expected at the standard is about 100
times its dilution air background concentration, this error is
negligible. However, if an emission concentration expected at the
standard is similar to its background concentration, this error could
be significant. If this error might affect your ability to show that
your engines comply with applicable standards in this chapter, we
recommend that you either determine the total flow of

dilution air using one of the more accurate methods in paragraph (b) or
(c) of this section, or remove background emissions from dilution air
by HEPA filtration, chemical adsorption, or catalytic scrubbing. You
might also consider using a partial-flow dilution technique such as a
bag mini-diluter, which uses purified air as the dilution air.
* * * * *

0
359. Amend Sec.  1065.675 by revising paragraph (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.675  CLD quench verification calculations.

* * * * *
    (d) Calculate quench as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.259

Where:

quench = amount of CLD quench.
[chi]NOdry = concentration of NO upstream of a humidity
generator, according to Sec.  1065.370(e)(4).
[chi]NOwet = measured concentration of NO downstream of a
humidity generator, according to Sec.  1065.370(e)(9).
[chi]H2Oexp = maximum expected mole fraction of water
during emission testing, according to paragraph (b) of this section.
[chi]H2Omeas = measured mole fraction of water during the
quench verification, according to Sec.  1065.370(e)(7).
[chi]NOmeas = measured concentration of NO when NO span
gas is blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(10).
[chi]NOact = actual concentration of NO when NO span gas
is blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(11) and calculated according to Eq. 1065.675-2.
[chi]CO2exp = maximum expected concentration of
CO2 during emission testing, according to paragraph (c)
of this section.
[chi]CO2act = actual concentration of CO2 when
NO span gas is blended with CO2 span gas, according to
Sec.  1065.370(d)(9).
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.260

Where:

[chi]NOspan = the NO span gas concentration input to the
gas divider, according to Sec.  1065.370(d)(5).
[chi]CO2span = the CO2 span gas concentration
input to the gas divider, according to Sec.  1065.370(d)(4).

Example:

[chi]NOdry = 1800.0 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]NOwet = 1739.6 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]H2Oexp = 0.030 mol/mol
[chi]H2Omeas = 0.030 mol/mol
[chi]NOmeas = 1515.2 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]NOspan = 3001.6 [mu]mol/mol
[chi]CO2exp = 3.2%
[chi]CO2span = 6.1%
[chi]CO2act = 2.98%
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.261

quench = (-0.0036655-0.014020171) [middot] 100% = -1.7685671%

0
360. Amend Sec.  1065.695 by adding paragraph (c)(8)(v) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.695  Data requirements.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (8) * * *
    (v) Carbon balance error verification, if performed.
* * * * *

0
361. Amend Sec.  1065.701 by revising paragarphs (b) and (f) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.701  General requirements for test fuels.

* * * * *
    (b) Fuels meeting alternate specifications. We may allow you to use
a different test fuel (such as California LEV III gasoline) if it does
not affect your ability to show that your engines would comply with all
applicable emission standards in this chapter using the test fuel
specified in this subpart.
* * * * *
    (f) Service accumulation and field testing fuels. If we do not
specify a service-accumulation or field-testing fuel in the standard-
setting part, use an appropriate commercially available fuel such as
those meeting minimum specifications from the following table:

 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.701--Examples of Service-Accumulation and Field-
                              Testing Fuels
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                            Reference
         Fuel category                Subcategory         procedure \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel........................  Light distillate and    ASTM D975.
                                 light blends with
                                 residual.

                                Middle distillate.....  ASTM D6985.
                                Biodiesel (B100)......  ASTM D6751.
Intermediate and residual fuel  All...................  See Sec.
                                                         1065.705.
Gasoline......................  Automotive gasoline...  ASTM D4814.
                                Automotive gasoline     ASTM D4814.
                                 with ethanol
                                 concentration up to
                                 10 volume %.
Alcohol.......................  Ethanol (E51-83)......  ASTM D5798.
                                Methanol (M70-M85)....  ASTM D5797.
Aviation fuel.................  Aviation gasoline.....  ASTM D910.
                                Gas turbine...........  ASTM D1655.
                                Jet B wide cut........  ASTM D6615.
Gas turbine fuel..............  General...............  ASTM D2880.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Incorporated by reference; see Sec.   1065.1010.

0
362. Amend Sec.  1065.703 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.703  Distillate diesel fuel.

* * * * *
    (b) There are three grades of #2 diesel fuel specified for use as a
test fuel. See the standard-setting part to determine which grade to
use. If the standard-setting part does not specify which grade to use,
use good engineering judgment to select the grade that represents the
fuel on which the engines will operate in use. The three grades are
specified in Table 1 of this section.

                                     Table 1 of Sec.   1065.703--Test Fuel Specifications for Distillate Diesel Fuel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                               Ultra low
                 Property                                Unit                   sulfur        Low sulfur      High sulfur       Reference procedure a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cetane Number............................  ...............................           40-50           40-50           40-50  ASTM D613.
Distillation range:
    Initial boiling point................  [deg]C.........................         171-204         171-204         171-204  ASTM D86.
    10 pct. point........................  ...............................         204-238         204-238         204-238
    50 pct. point........................  ...............................         243-282         243-282         243-282
    90 pct. point........................  ...............................         293-332         293-332         293-332
    Endpoint.............................  ...............................         321-366         321-366         321-366
Gravity..................................  [deg]API.......................           32-37           32-37           32-37  ASTM D4052.
Total sulfur.............................  mg/kg..........................            7-15         300-500        800-2500  ASTM D2622, ASTM D5453, or
                                                                                ASTM D7039.
Aromatics, min. (Remainder shall be        g/kg...........................             100             100             100  ASTM D5186.
 paraffins, naphthenes, and olefins).
Flashpoint, min..........................  [deg]C.........................              54              54              54  ASTM D93.
Kinematic Viscosity......................  mm\2\/s........................         2.0-3.2         2.0-3.2         2.0-3.2  ASTM D445.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Incorporated by reference, see Sec.   1065.1010. See Sec.   1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.

* * * * *

0
363. Amend Sec.  1065.705 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.705  Residual and intermediate residual fuel.

* * * * *
    (c) The fuel must meet the specifications for one of the categories
in the following table:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.262

0
364. Amend Sec.  1065.710 by revising paragraphs (b)(2) and (c) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.710  Gasoline.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Table 1 of this section identifies limit values consistent with
the units in the reference procedure for each fuel property. These
values are generally specified in international units. Values presented
in parentheses are for information only. Table 1 follows:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.263

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
* * * * *
    (c) The specifications of this paragraph (c) apply for testing with
neat gasoline. This is sometimes called indolene or E0 test fuel.
Gasoline for

testing must have octane values that represent commercially available
fuels for the appropriate application. Test fuel specifications apply
as follows:

                   Table 2 of Sec.   1065.710--Test Fuel Specifications for Neat (E0) Gasoline
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Specification
                                                     ------------------------------------- Reference procedure a
           Property                     Unit                              Low-temperature
                                                       General testing        testing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distillation Range:
    Evaporated initial boiling  [deg]C..............  24-35 \b\........  24-36...........  ASTM D86.
     point.
    10% evaporated............  [deg]C..............  49-57............  37-48...........
    50% evaporated............  [deg]C..............  93-110...........  82-101..........
    90% evaporated............  [deg]C..............  149-163..........  158-174.........
    Evaporated final boiling    [deg]C..............  Maximum, 213.....  Maximum, 212....
     point.
Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons...  volume %............  Maximum, 35......  Maximum, 30.4...  ASTM D1319 or ASTM
                                                                                D5769.
Olefins \c\...................  volume %............  Maximum, 10......  Maximum, 17.5...  ASTM D1319 or ASTM
                                                                                D6550.
Lead..........................  g/liter.............  Maximum, 0.013...  Maximum, 0.013..  ASTM D3237.
Phosphorous...................  g/liter.............  Maximum, 0.0013..  Maximum, 0.005..  ASTM D3231.
Total sulfur..................  mg/kg...............  Maximum, 80......  Maximum, 80.....  ASTM D2622.
Dry vapor pressure equivalent   kPa.................  60.0-63.4 b e....  77.2-81.4.......  ASTM D5191.
 \d\.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Incorporated by reference; see Sec.   1065.1010. See Sec.   1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.
\b\ For testing at altitudes above 1219 m, the specified initial boiling point range is (23.9 to 40.6) [deg]C
  and the specified volatility range is (52.0 to 55.2) kPa.
\c\ ASTM D6550 prescribes measurement of olefin concentration in mass %. Multiply this result by 0.857 and round
  to the first decimal place to determine the olefin concentration in volume %.
\d\ Calculate dry vapor pressure equivalent, DVPE, based on the measured total vapor pressure, pT, in kPa using
  the following equation: DVPE(kPa) = 0.956[middot]pT - 2.39 or DVPE(psi) = 0.956[middot]pT - 0.347. DVPE is
  intended to be equivalent to Reid Vapor Pressure using a different test method.
\e\ For testing unrelated to evaporative emissions, the specified range is (55.2 to 63.4) kPa.

* * * * *

0
365. Amend Sec.  1065.715 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.715  Natural gas.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, natural
gas for testing must meet the specifications in the following table:

  Table 1 of Sec.   1065.715--Test Fuel Specifications for Natural Gas
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Property                             Value a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Methane, CH4...................  Minimum, 0.87 mol/mol.
Ethane, C2H6...................  Maximum, 0.055 mol/mol.
Propane, C3H8..................  Maximum, 0.012 mol/mol.
Butane, C4H10..................  Maximum, 0.0035 mol/mol.
Pentane, C5H12.................  Maximum, 0.0013 mol/mol.
C6 and higher..................  Maximum, 0.001 mol/mol.
Oxygen.........................  Maximum, 0.001 mol/mol.
Inert gases (sum of CO2 and N2)  Maximum, 0.051 mol/mol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Demonstrate compliance with fuel specifications based on the
  reference procedures in ASTM D1945 (incorporated by reference in Sec.
   1065.1010), or on other measurement procedures using good engineering
  judgment. See Sec.   1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.

* * * * *

0
366. Amend Sec.  1065.720 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.720  Liquefied petroleum gas.

    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, liquefied
petroleum gas for testing must meet the specifications in the following
table:

               Table 1 of Sec.   1065.720(a)--Test Fuel Specifications for Liquefied Petroleum Gas
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Property                           Value                        Reference procedure a
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Propane, C3H8.........................  Minimum, 0.85 m\3\/m\3\..  ASTM D2163.
Vapor pressure at 38 [deg]C...........  Maximum, 1400 kPa........  ASTM D1267 or
                                                                   \b\ ASTM D2598.
Volatility residue (evaporated          Maximum, -38 [deg]C......  ASTM D1837.
 temperature, 35 [deg]C).
Butanes...............................  Maximum, 0.05 m\3\/m\3\..  ASTM D2163.
Butenes...............................  Maximum, 0.02 m\3\/m\3\..  ASTM D2163.
Pentenes and heavier..................  Maximum, 0.005 m\3\/m\3\.  ASTM D2163.
Propene...............................  Maximum, 0.1 m\3\/m\3\...  ASTM D2163.
Residual matter (residue on             Maximum, 0.05 ml pass \c\  ASTM D2158.
 evaporation of 100 ml oil stain
 observation).
Corrosion, copper strip...............  Maximum, No. 1...........  ASTM D1838.
Sulfur................................  Maximum, 80 mg/kg........  ASTM D6667.

Moisture content......................  pass.....................  ASTM D2713.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Incorporated by reference; see Sec.   1065.1010. See Sec.   1065.701(d) for other allowed procedures.
\b\ If these two test methods yield different results, use the results from ASTM D1267.
\c\ The test fuel must not yield a persistent oil ring when you add 0.3 ml of solvent residue mixture to a
  filter paper in 0.1 ml increments and examine it in daylight after two minutes.

* * * * *

0
367. Amend Sec.  1065.750 by revising paragraph (a)(1)(ii) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.750  Analytical gases.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Contamination as specified in the following table:

 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.750--General Specifications for Purified Gases a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Constituent                Purified air          Purified N2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
THC (C1-equivalent)...........  <=0.05 [mu]mol/mol....  <=0.05 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
CO............................  <=1 [mu]mol/mol.......  <=1 [mu]mol/mol.
CO2...........................  <=10 [mu]mol/mol......  <=10 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
O2............................  0.205 to 0.215 mol/mol  <=2 [mu]mol/mol.
NOX...........................  <=0.02 [mu]mol/mol....  <=0.02 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
N2O b.........................  <=0.02 [mu]mol/mol....  <=0.02 [mu]mol/
                                                         mol.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a We do not require these levels of purity to be NIST-traceable.
b The N2O limit applies only if the standard-setting part requires you
  to report N2O or certify to an N2O standard.

* * * * *

0
368. Amend Sec.  1065.790 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.790  Mass standards.

* * * * *
    (b) Dynamometer, fuel mass scale, and DEF mass scale calibration
weights. Use dynamometer and mass scale calibration weights that are
certified as NIST-traceable within 0.1% uncertainty. Calibration
weights may be certified by any calibration lab that maintains NIST-
traceability.

0
369. Amend Sec.  1065.905 by revising paragraph (f) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.905  General provisions.

* * * * *
    (f) Summary. The following table summarizes the requirements of
paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section:

          Table 1 of Sec.   1065.905--Summary of Testing Requirements Specified Outside of This Subpart
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     Applicability for       Applicability for
                                                                  laboratory  or similar  laboratory  or similar
              Subpart                  Applicability for field      testing with  PEMS      testing with  PEMS
                                              testing a            without restriction a    with restrictions a

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A: Applicability and general         Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
 provisions.
B: Equipment for testing...........  Use Sec.  Sec.   1065.101    Use all...............  Use all. Section
                                      and 1065.140 through the                             1065.910 specifies
                                      end of subpart B of this                             equipment specific to
                                      part, except Sec.  Sec.                              laboratory testing
                                      1065.140(e)(1) and (4),                              with PEMS.
                                      1065.170(c)(1)(vi), and
                                      1065.195(c). Section
                                      1065.910 specifies
                                      equipment specific to
                                      field testing.
C: Measurement instruments.........  Use all Section 1065.915     Use all except Sec.     Use all except Sec.
                                      allows deviations..          1065.295(c).            1065.295(c).
                                                                                Section1065.915 allows
                                                                                deviations.
D: Calibrations and verifications..  Use all except Sec.  Sec.    Use all...............  Use all. Section
                                      1065.308 and 1065.309.                               1065.920 allows
                                      Section 1065.920 allows                              deviations, but also
                                      deviations, but also has                             has additional
                                      additional specifications.                           specifications.
E: Test engine selection,            Do not use Use standard-     Use all...............  Use all.
 maintenance, and durability.         setting part..
F: Running an emission test in the   Use Sec.  Sec.   1065.590    Use all...............  Use all.
 laboratory.                          and 1065.595 for PM. Sec.
                                      Sec.   1065.930 and
                                      1065.935 to start and run
                                      a field test.
G: Calculations and data             Use all Section 1065.940     Use all...............  Use all. Section
 requirements.                        has additional calculation                           1065.940 has
                                      instructions.                                        additional
                                                                                calculation
                                                                                instructions
H: Fuels, engine fluids, analytical  Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
 gases, and other calibration
 materials.
I: Testing with oxygenated fuels...  Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.

K: Definitions and reference         Use all....................  Use all...............  Use all.
 materials.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Refer to paragraphs (d) and (e) of this section for complete specifications.

0
370. Amend Sec.  1065.910 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.910  PEMS auxiliary equipment for field testing.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) Tubing. We recommend using rigid 300 series stainless steel
tubing to connect between flexible connectors. Tubing may be straight
or bent to accommodate vehicle geometry. You may use ``T'' or ``Y''
fittings to join multiple connections, or you may cap or plug redundant
flow paths if the engine manufacturer recommends it.
* * * * *

0
371. Amend Sec.  1065.915 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.915  PEMS instruments.

    (a) Instrument specifications. We recommend that you use PEMS that
meet the specifications of subpart C of this part. For unrestricted use
of PEMS in a laboratory or similar environment, use a PEMS that meets
the same specifications as each lab instrument it replaces. For field
testing or for testing with PEMS in a laboratory or similar
environment, under the provisions of Sec.  1065.905(b), the
specifications in the following table apply instead of the
specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205:

                                 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.915--Recommended Minimum PEMS Measurement Instrument Performance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Rise time,  t10-90,
                                 Measured quantity   and Fall time,  t90-  Recording  update                      Repeatability a
          Measurement                  symbol                 10               frequency          Accuracy a                              Noise a

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine speed transducer.......  fn.................  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  5% of pt. or 1%   2% of pt. or 1%   0.5% of max.
                                                                                of max.           of max.
Engine torque estimator, BSFC   T or BSFC..........  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  8% of pt. or 5%   2% of pt. or 1%   1% of max.
 (This is a signal from an                                                                      of max.           of max.
 engine's ECM).
General pressure transducer     p..................  5 s................  1 Hz...............  5% of pt. or 5%   2% of pt. or      1% of max.
 (not a part of another                                                                         of max.           0.5% of max.
 instrument).
Atmospheric pressure meter....  patmos.............  50 s...............  0.1 Hz.............  250 Pa..........  200 Pa..........  100 Pa.
General temperature sensor      T..................  5 s................  1 Hz...............  1% of pt. K or 5  0.5% of pt. K or  0.5% of max 0.5 K.
 (not a part of another                                                                         K.                2 K.
 instrument).
General dewpoint sensor.......  Tdew...............  50 s...............  0.1 Hz.............  3 K.............  1 K.............  1 K.
Exhaust flow meter............  n......  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  5% of pt. or 3%   2% of pt........  2% of max.
                                                                                of max.
Dilution air, inlet air,        n......  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  2.5% of pt. or    1.25% of pt. or   1% of max.
 exhaust, and sample flow                                                                       1.5% of max.      0.75% of max.
 meters.
Continuous gas analyzer.......  x..................  5 s................  1 Hz...............  4% of pt. or 4%   2% of pt. or 2%   1% of max.
                                                                                of meas.          of meas.
Gravimetric PM balance........  mPM................  ...................  ...................  See Sec.          0.5 [mu]g.......
                                                                                1065.790.
Inertial PM balance...........  mPM................  ...................  ...................  4% of pt. or 4%   2% of pt. or 2%   1% of max.
                                                                                of meas.          of meas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Accuracy, repeatability, and noise are all determined with the same collected data, as described in Sec.   1065.305, and based on absolute values.
  ``pt.'' refers to the overall flow-weighted mean value expected at the standard; ``max.'' refers to the peak value expected at the standard over any
  test interval, not the maximum of the instrument's range; ``meas'' refers to the actual flow-weighted mean measured over any test interval.

* * * * *

0
372. Amend Sec.  1065.1001 by adding a definition for ``Enhanced-idle''
in alphabetical order and revising the definition for ``Test interval''
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1001  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Enhanced-idle means a mode of engine idle operation where idle
speed is elevated above warm idle speed as determined by the electronic
control module, for example during engine warm-up or to increase
exhaust temperature.
* * * * *
    Test interval means a duration of time over which you determine
mass of emissions. For example, the standard-setting part may specify a
complete laboratory duty cycle as a cold-start test interval, plus a
hot-start test interval. As another example, a standard-setting part
may specify a field-test interval, such as a ``not-to-exceed'' (NTE)
event, as a duration of time over which an engine operates within a
certain range of speed and torque. In cases where multiple test
intervals occur over a duty cycle, the standard-setting part may
specify additional calculations that weight and combine results to
arrive at composite values for comparison against the applicable
standards in this chapter.
* * * * *

0
373. Amend Sec.  1065.1005 by revising paragraphs (a), (c), (d), (e),
(f)(2), and (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1005  Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of
measure.

* * * * *
    (a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols
and units of measure for various quantities:

                               Table 1 of Sec.   1065.1005--Symbols for Quantities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Units in terms of SI
         Symbol                 Quantity               Unit             Unit symbol             base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a.......................  atomic hydrogen-to-  mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                           carbon ratio.
A.......................  area...............  square meter.......  m2.................  m2.
a0......................  intercept of least
                           squares regression.
a1......................  slope of least
                           squares regression.
ag......................  acceleration of      meter per square     m/s2...............  m[middot] s-2.
                           Earth's gravity.     second.
[beta]..................  ratio of diameters.  meter per meter....  m/m................  1.
[beta]..................  atomic oxygen-to-    mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                           carbon ratio.
C......................  number of carbon
                           atoms in a
                           molecule.
c.......................  power-specific       gram per kilowatt-   g/(kW[middot]hr)...  3.6-1 [middot] 10-9
                           carbon mass error    hour.                                     [middot] m-2 [middot]
                           coefficient.                                                   s2.
Cd......................  discharge
                           coefficient.
Cf......................  flow coefficient...
[delta].................  atomic nitrogen-to-  mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                           carbon ratio.
d.......................  diameter...........  meter..............  m..................  m.
d.......................  power-specific       gram per kilowatt-   g/(kW[middot]hr)...  3.6-1 [middot] 10-9
                           carbon mass rate     hour.                                     [middot] m-2 [middot]
                           absolute error                                                 s2.
                           coefficent.
DR......................  dilution ratio.....  mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
[egr]...................  error between a
                           quantity and its
                           reference.
[isin]..................  difference or error
                           quantity.
e.......................  brake-specific       gram per kilowatt    g/(kW[middot]hr)...  3.6-1 [middot] 10-9
                           emission or fuel     hour.                                     [middot] m-2 [middot]
                           consumption.                                                   s2.
F.......................  F-test statistic...
[fnof]..................  frequency..........  hertz..............  Hz.................  s-1.
[fnof]n.................  angular speed        revolutions per      r/min..............  [pi] [middot] 30-1
                           (shaft).             minute.                                   [middot] s-1.
[gamma].................  ratio of specific    (joule per kilogram  (J/(kg[middot]K))/   1.
                           heats.               kelvin) per (joule   (J/(kg[middot]K)).
                                                per kilogram
                                                kelvin).
[gamma].................  atomic sulfur-to-    mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                           carbon ratio.
K.......................  correction factor..  ...................  ...................  1.
Kv......................  calibration          ...................  m4 [middot] s        m4 [middot] kg-1
                           coefficient.                              [middot] K0.5/kg.    [middot] s [middot]
                                                                                K0.5.
l.......................  length.............  meter..............  m..................  m.
L.......................  limit..............
[mu]....................  viscosity, dynamic.  pascal second......  Pa[middot]s........  m-1 [middot] kg
                                                                                [middot] s-1.
M.......................  molar mass 1.......  gram per mole......  g/mol..............  10-3 [middot] kg
                                                                                [middot] mol-1.
m.......................  mass...............  kilogram...........  kg.................  kg.
m.......................  mass rate..........  kilogram per second  kg/s...............  kg [middot] s-1.
v.......................  viscosity,           meter squared per    m2/s...............  m2 [middot] s-1.
                           kinematic.           second.
N.......................  total number in
                           series.
n.......................  amount of substance  mole...............  mol................  mol.
n.......................  amount of substance  mole per second....  mol/s..............  mol [middot] s-1.
                           rate.
P.......................  power..............  kilowatt...........  kW.................  103 [middot] m2
                                                                                [middot] kg [middot] s-
                                                                                3.
PF......................  penetration
                           fraction.
p.......................  pressure...........  pascal.............  Pa.................  m-1 [middot] kg
                                                                                [middot] s-2.
[rho]...................  mass density.......  kilogram per cubic   kg/m3..............  m-3 [middot] kg.
                                                meter.
[Delta]p................  differential static  pascal.............  Pa.................  m-1 [middot] kg
                           pressure.                                                      [middot] s-2.
r.......................  ratio of pressures.  pascal per pascal..  Pa/Pa..............  1.
r.......................  coefficient of
                           determination.
Ra......................  average surface      micrometer.........  [mu]m..............  10-6 [middot] m.
                           roughness.
Re.....................  Reynolds number....
RF......................  response factor....
RH......................  relative humidity..
[sigma].................  non-biased standard
                           deviation.
S.......................  Sutherland constant  kelvin.............  K..................  K.

SEE.....................  standard error of
                           the estimate.
T.......................  absolute             kelvin.............  K..................  K.
                           temperature.
T.......................  Celsius temperature  degree Celsius.....  [deg]C.............  K-273.15.
T.......................  torque (moment of    newton meter.......  N[middot]m.........  m2 [middot] kg [middot]
                           force).                                                        s-2.
[theta].................  plane angle........  degrees............  [deg]..............  rad.
t.......................  time...............  second.............  s..................  s.
[Delta]t................  time interval,       second.............  s..................  s.
                           period, 1/
                           frequency.
V.......................  volume.............  cubic meter........  m3.................  m3.
V.......................  volume rate........  cubic meter per      m3/s...............  m3 [middot] s-1.
                                                second.
W.......................  work...............  kilowatt-hour......  kW[middot]hr.......  3.6 [middot] 106
                                                                                [middot] m2 [middot]
                                                                                kg [middot] s-2.
wC......................  carbon mass          gram per gram......  g/g................  1.
                           fraction.
x.......................  amount of substance  mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                           mole fraction.2
X.......................  flow-weighted mean   mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                           concentration.
y.......................  generic variable...
Z.......................  compressibility
                           factor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 See paragraph (f)(2) of this section for the values to use for molar masses. Note that in the cases of NOX and
  HC, the regulations specify effective molar masses based on assumed speciation rather than actual speciation.
2 Note that mole fractions for THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NOTHC are expressed on a C1-equivalent basis.

* * * * *
    (c) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixes for units and
unit symbols:

                  Table 3 of Sec.   1065.1005--Prefixes
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Symbol                     Prefix name          Factor
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[mu]..............................  micro...............            10-6
m.................................  milli...............            10-3
c.................................  centi...............            10-2
k.................................  kilo................             103
M.................................  mega................             106
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts for
modifying quantity symbols:

                Table 4 of Sec.   1065.1005--Superscripts
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                            Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y).......................  arithmetic mean.
overdot (such as y).......................  quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts for
modifying quantity symbols:

                 Table 5 of Sec.   1065.1005--Subscripts
------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Subscript                             Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a............................  absolute (e.g., absolute difference or
                                error).
abs..........................  absolute quantity.
act..........................  actual condition.
air..........................  air, dry.
amb..........................  ambient.
atmos........................  atmospheric.
bkgnd........................  background.
C............................  carbon mass.
cal..........................  calibration quantity.
CFV..........................  critical flow venturi.
comb.........................  combined.
comp.........................  composite value.
cor..........................  corrected quantity.
dil..........................  dilution air.
dew..........................  dewpoint.
dexh.........................  diluted exhaust.
dry..........................  dry condition.
dutycycle....................  duty cycle.
[isin].......................  related to a difference or error
                                quantity.
exh..........................  raw exhaust.
exp..........................  expected quantity.
fluid........................  fluid stream.
fn...........................  feedback speed.
frict........................  friction.
fuel.........................  fuel consumption.
hi,idle......................  condition at high-idle.
i............................  an individual of a series.
idle.........................  condition at idle.
in...........................  quantity in.

init.........................  initial quantity, typically before an
                                emission test.
int..........................  intake air.
j............................  an individual of a series.
mapped.......................  conditions over which an engine can
                                operate.
max..........................  the maximum (i.e., peak) value expected
                                at the standard over a test interval;
                                not the maximum of an instrument range.
meas.........................  measured quantity.
media........................  PM sample media.
mix..........................  mixture of diluted exhaust and air.
norm.........................  normalized.
out..........................  quantity out.
P............................  power.
part.........................  partial quantity.
PDP..........................  positive-displacement pump.
post.........................  after the test interval.
pre..........................  before the test interval.
prod.........................  stoichiometric product.
r............................  relative (e.g., relative difference or
                                error).
rate.........................  rate (divided by time).
record.......................  record rate.
ref..........................  reference quantity.
rev..........................  revolution.
sat..........................  saturated condition.
s............................  slip.
span.........................  span quantity.
SSV..........................  subsonic venturi.
std..........................  standard condition.
stroke.......................  engine strokes per power stroke.
T............................  torque.
test.........................  test quantity.
test,alt.....................  alternate test quantity.
uncor........................  uncorrected quantity.
vac..........................  vacuum side of the sampling system.
weight.......................  calibration weight.
zero.........................  zero quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) * * *
    (2) This part uses the following molar masses or effective molar
masses of chemical species:

                                    Table 7 of Sec.   1065.1005--Molar Masses
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                            g/mol (10-3[middot]kg[middot]mol-1)
              Symbol                              Quantity
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mair.............................  molar mass of dry air 1...............                    28.96559
MAr..............................  molar mass of argon...................                      39.948
MC...............................  molar mass of carbon..................                     12.0107
MCH3OH...........................  molar mass of methanol................                    32.04186
MC2H5OH..........................  molar mass of ethanol.................                    46.06844
MC2H4O...........................  molar mass of acetaldehyde............                    44.05256
MCH4N2O..........................  molar mass of urea....................                    60.05526
MC2H6............................  molar mass of ethane..................                    30.06904
MC3H8............................  molar mass of propane.................                    44.09562
MC3H7OH..........................  molar mass of propanol................                    60.09502
MCO..............................  molar mass of carbon monoxide.........                     28.0101
MCH4.............................  molar mass of methane.................                     16.0425
MCO2.............................  molar mass of carbon dioxide..........                     44.0095
MH...............................  molar mass of atomic hydrogen.........                     1.00794
MH2..............................  molar mass of molecular hydrogen......                     2.01588
MH2O.............................  molar mass of water...................                    18.01528
MCH2O............................  molar mass of formaldehyde............                    30.02598
MHe..............................  molar mass of helium..................                    4.002602
MN...............................  molar mass of atomic nitrogen.........                     14.0067
MN2..............................  molar mass of molecular nitrogen......                     28.0134
MNH3.............................  molar mass of ammonia.................                    17.03052
MNMHC............................  effective C1 molar mass of nonmethane                    13.875389
                                    hydrocarbon 2.
MNMHCE...........................  effective C1 molar mass of nonmethane                    13.875389
                                    hydrocarbon equivalent 2.
MNMNEHC..........................  effective C1 molar mass of nonmethane-                   13.875389
                                    nonethane hydrocarbon 2.
MNOx.............................  effective molar mass of oxides of                          46.0055
                                    nitrogen 3.

MN2O.............................  molar mass of nitrous oxide...........                     44.0128
MO...............................  molar mass of atomic oxygen...........                     15.9994
MO2..............................  molar mass of molecular oxygen........                     31.9988
MS...............................  molar mass of sulfur..................                      32.065
MTHC.............................  effective C1 molar mass of total                         13.875389
                                    hydrocarbon 2.
MTHCE............................  effective C1 molar mass of total                         13.875389
                                    hydrocarbon equivalent 2.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 See paragraph (f)(1) of this section for the composition of dry air.
2 The effective molar masses of THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NMNEHC are defined on a C1 basis and are based on an
  atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, [alpha], of 1.85 (with [beta], [gamma], and [delta] equal to zero).
3 The effective molar mass of NOX is defined by the molar mass of nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

* * * * *
    (g) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

     Table 10 of Sec.   1065.1005--Other Acronyms and Abbreviations
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Acronym                              Meaning
------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABS....................................  acrylonitrile-butadiene-
                                          styrene.
ASTM...................................  ASTM International.
BMD....................................  bag mini-diluter.
BSFC...................................  brake-specific fuel
                                          consumption.
CARB...................................  California Air Resources Board.
CFR....................................  Code of Federal Regulations.
CFV....................................  critical-flow venturi.
CI.....................................  compression-ignition.
CITT...................................  Curb Idle Transmission Torque.
CLD....................................  chemiluminescent detector.
CVS....................................  constant-volume sampler.
DEF....................................  diesel exhaust fluid.
DF.....................................  deterioration factor.
ECM....................................  electronic control module.
EFC....................................  electronic flow control.
e.g....................................  exempli gratia, for example.
EGR....................................  exhaust gas recirculation.
EPA....................................  Environmental Protection
                                          Agency.
FEL....................................  Family Emission Limit.
FID....................................  flame-ionization detector.
FTIR...................................  Fourier transform infrared.
GC.....................................  gas chromatograph.
GC-ECD.................................  gas chromatograph with an
                                          electron-capture detector.
GC-FID.................................  gas chromatograph with a flame
                                          ionization detector.
HEPA...................................  high-efficiency particulate
                                          air.
IBP....................................  initial boiling point.
IBR....................................  incorporated by reference.
i.e....................................  id est, in other words.
ISO....................................  International Organization for
                                          Standardization.
LPG....................................  liquefied petroleum gas.
MPD....................................  magnetopneumatic detection.
NDIR...................................  nondispersive infrared.
NDUV...................................  nondispersive ultraviolet.
NIST...................................  National Institute for
                                          Standards and Technology.
NMC....................................  nonmethane cutter.
PDP....................................  positive-displacement pump.
PEMS...................................  portable emission measurement
                                          system.
PFD....................................  partial-flow dilution.
PLOT...................................  porous layer open tubular.
PMD....................................  paramagnetic detection.
PMP....................................  Polymethylpentene.
pt.....................................  a single point at the mean
                                          value expected at the
                                          standard.
psi....................................  pounds per square inch.
PTFE...................................  polytetrafluoroethylene
                                          (commonly known as TeflonTM).
RE.....................................  rounding error.
RESS...................................  rechargeable energy storage
                                          system.
RFPF...................................  response factor penetration
                                          fraction.
RMC....................................  ramped-modal cycle.
rms....................................  root-mean square.
RTD....................................  resistive temperature detector.
SAW....................................  surface acoustic wave.
SEE....................................  standard error of the estimate.
SSV....................................  subsonic venturi.
SI.....................................  spark-ignition.
THC-FID................................  total hydrocarbon flame
                                          ionization detector.
TINV...................................  inverse student t-test function
                                          in Microsoft Excel.
UCL....................................  upper confidence limit.
UFM....................................  ultrasonic flow meter.
U.S.C..................................  United States Code
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
374. Amend Sec.  1065.1010 by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.1010  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (b) ASTM material. The following standards are available from ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959, (877) 909-ASTM, or http://www.astm.org:
    (1) ASTM D86-12, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum
Products at Atmospheric Pressure, approved December 1, 2012 (``ASTM
D86''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.703(b) and 1065.710(b) and
(c).
    (2) ASTM D93-13, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-
Martens Closed Cup Tester, approved July 15, 2013 (``ASTM D93''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (3) ASTM D130-12, Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper
from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test, approved November 1, 2012
(``ASTM D130''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (4) ASTM D381-12, Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by
Jet Evaporation, approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM D381''), IBR approved
for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (5) ASTM D445-12, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of
Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity),
approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM D445''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.703(b).
    (6) ASTM D525-12a, Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of
Gasoline (Induction Period Method), approved September 1, 2012 (``ASTM
D525''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (7) ASTM D613-13, Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel
Fuel Oil, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D613''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (8) ASTM D910-13a, Standard Specification for Aviation Gasolines,
approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D910''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.701(f).
    (9) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils,
approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D975''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.701(f).
    (10) ASTM D1267-12, Standard Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of
Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method), approved November 1,
2012 (``ASTM D1267''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (11) ASTM D1319-13, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in
Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, approved
May 1, 2013 (``ASTM D1319''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(c).
    (12) ASTM D1655-13a, Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine
Fuels, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D1655''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (13) ASTM D1837-11, Standard Test Method for Volatility of
Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, approved October

1, 2011 (``ASTM D1837''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (14) ASTM D1838-12a, Standard Test Method for Copper Strip
Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, approved December 1, 2012
(``ASTM D1838''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (15) ASTM D1945-03 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography, approved January 1, 2010
(``ASTM D1945''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.715(a).
    (16) ASTM D2158-11, Standard Test Method for Residues in Liquefied
Petroleum (LP) Gases, approved January 1, 2011 (``ASTM D2158''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (17) ASTM D2163-07, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene
Mixtures by Gas Chromatography, approved December 1, 2007 (``ASTM
D2163''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (18) ASTM D2598-12, Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain
Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from
Compositional Analysis, approved November 1, 2012 (``ASTM D2598''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (19) ASTM D2622-16, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum
Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,
approved January 1, 2016 (``ASTM D2622''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.
1065.703(b) and 1065.710(b) and (c).
    (20) ASTM D2699-13b, Standard Test Method for Research Octane
Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, approved October 1, 2013 (``ASTM
D2699''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (21) ASTM D2700-13b, Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, approved October 1, 2013 (``ASTM
D2700''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (22) ASTM D2713-13, Standard Test Method for Dryness of Propane
(Valve Freeze Method), approved October 1, 2013 (``ASTM D2713''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (23) ASTM D2880-13b, Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel
Oils, approved November 15, 2013 (``ASTM D2880''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (24) ASTM D2986-95a, Standard Practice for Evaluation of Air Assay
Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test, approved
September 10, 1995 (``ASTM D2986''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.170(c). (Note: This standard was withdrawn by ASTM.)
    (25) ASTM D3231-13, Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in
Gasoline, approved June 15, 2013 (``ASTM D3231''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.710(b) and (c).
    (26) ASTM D3237-12, Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline By
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, approved June 1, 2012 (``ASTM D3237''),
IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b) and (c).
    (27) ASTM D4052-11, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative
Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter, approved
October 15, 2011 (``ASTM D4052''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (28) ASTM D4629-12, Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion and
Chemiluminescence Detection, approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM D4629''),
IBR approved for Sec.  1065.655(e).
    (29) ASTM D4814-13b, Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-
Ignition Engine Fuel, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D4814''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (30) ASTM D4815-13, Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE,
ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to C4 Alcohols in
Gasoline by Gas Chromatography, approved October 1, 2013 (``ASTM
D4815''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (31) ASTM D5186-03 (Reapproved 2009), Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content
of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography, approved April 15, 2009 (``ASTM D5186''), IBR approved
for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (32) ASTM D5191-13, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
Petroleum Products (Mini Method), approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM
D5191''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b) and (c).
    (33) ASTM D5291-10, Standard Test Methods for Instrumental
Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
and Lubricants, approved May 1, 2010 (``ASTM D5291''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.655(e).
    (34) ASTM D5453-19a, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel
Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence, approved July
1, 2019 (``ASTM D5453''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.703(b) and
1065.710(b).
    (35) ASTM D5599-00 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and
Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection, approved October 1, 2010
(``ASTM D5599''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.655(e) and
1065.710(b).
    (36) ASTM D5762-12 Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in Petroleum
and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence, approved April
15, 2012 (``ASTM D5762''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.655(e).
    (37) ASTM D5769-10, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, approved May 1, 2010 (``ASTM
D5769''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (38) ASTM D5797-13, Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol (M70-
M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, approved June 15, 2013
(``ASTM D5797''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (39) ASTM D5798-13a, Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends
for Flexible Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, approved June 15,
2013 (``ASTM D5798''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (40) ASTM D6348-12e1, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, approved February 1, 2012 (``ASTM
D6348''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.266(b) and 1065.275(b).
    (41) ASTM D6550-10, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography,
approved October 1, 2010 (``ASTM D6550''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.710(b).
    (42) ASTM D6615-11a, Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut
Aviation Turbine Fuel, approved October 1, 2011 (``ASTM D6615''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (43) ASTM D6667-14 (Reapproved 2019), Standard Test Method for
Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and
Liquefied Petroleum Gases by Ultraviolet Fluorescence, approved May 1,
2019 (``ASTM D6667''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (44) ASTM D6751-12, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend
Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels, approved August 1, 2012
(``ASTM D6751''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (45) ASTM D6985-04a, Standard Specification for Middle Distillate
Fuel Oil--Military Marine Applications, approved November 1, 2004
(``ASTM D6985''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f). (Note: This
standard was withdrawn by ASTM.)

    (46) ASTM D7039-15a (Reapproved 2020), Standard Test Method for
Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel,
Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, approved May 1,
2020 (``ASTM D7039''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.703(b) and
1065.710(b).
    (47) ASTM F1471-09, Standard Test Method for Air Cleaning
Performance of a High- Efficiency Particulate Air Filter System,
approved March 1, 2009 (``ASTM F1471''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.1001.
* * * * *

PART 1066--VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
375. The authority citation for part 1066 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

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376. Amend Sec.  1066.1 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (g) For additional information regarding the test procedures in
this part, visit our website at www.epa.gov, and in particular https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-fuel-emissions-testing/vehicle-testing-regulations.

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377. Amend Sec.  1066.135 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1066.135  Linearity verification.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Use instrument manufacturer recommendations and good
engineering judgment to select at least ten reference values,
yrefi, that cover the range of values that you expect during
testing (to prevent extrapolation beyond the verified range during
emission testing). We recommend selecting zero as one of your reference
values. For each range calibrated, if the deviation from a least-
squares best-fit straight line is 2% or less of the value at each data
point, concentration values may be calculated by use of a straight-line
curve fit for that range. If the deviation exceeds 2% at any point, use
the best-fit nonlinear equation that represents the data to within 2%
of each test point to determine concentration. If you use a gas divider
to blend calibration gases, you may verify that the calibration curve
produced names a calibration gas within 2% of its certified
concentration. Perform this verification between 10 and 60% of the
full-scale analyzer range.
* * * * *

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378. Amend Sec.  1066.210 by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1066.210  Dynamometers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) The load applied by the dynamometer simulates forces acting on
the vehicle during normal driving according to the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.264

Where:

FR = total road-load force to be applied at the surface of the roll.
The total force is the sum of the individual tractive forces applied
at each roll surface.
i = a counter to indicate a point in time over the driving schedule.
For a dynamometer operating at 10-Hz intervals over a 600-second
driving schedule, the maximum value of i should be 6,000.
A = a vehicle-specific constant value representing the vehicle's
frictional load in lbf or newtons. See subpart D of this part.
Gi = instantaneous road grade, in percent. If your duty
cycle is not subject to road grade, set this value to 0.
B = a vehicle-specific coefficient representing load from drag and
rolling resistance, which are a function of vehicle speed, in lbf/
(mi/hr) or N[middot]s/m. See subpart D of this part.
v = instantaneous linear speed at the roll surfaces as measured by
the dynamometer, in mi/hr or m/s. Let vi-1 = 0 for i = 0.
C = a vehicle-specific coefficient representing aerodynamic effects,
which are a function of vehicle speed squared, in lbf/(mi/
hr)2 or N[middot]s2/m2. See subpart
D of this part.
Me = the vehicle's effective mass in lbm or kg, including
the effect of rotating axles as specified in Sec.  1066.310(b)(7).
t = elapsed time in the driving schedule as measured by the
dynamometer, in seconds. Let ti-1 = 0 for i = 0.
M = the measured vehicle mass, in lbm or kg.
ag = acceleration of Earth's gravity = 9.80665 m/
s2.
* * * * *

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379. Amend Sec.  1066.255 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.255  Parasitic loss verification.

* * * * *
    (c) Procedure. Perform this verification by following the
dynamometer manufacturer's specifications to establish a parasitic loss
curve, taking data at fixed speed intervals to cover the range of
vehicle speeds that will occur during testing. You may zero the load
cell at a selected speed if that improves your ability to determine the
parasitic loss. Parasitic loss forces may never be negative. Note that
the torque transducers must be mathematically zeroed and spanned prior
to performing this procedure.
* * * * *

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380. Amend Sec.  1066.260 by revising paragraph (c)(4) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1066.260  Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) Calculate the power equivalent of friction compensation error,
FCerror, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.265

Where:

I = dynamometer inertia setting.
t = duration of the measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.01
s.
vinit = the roll speed corresponding to the start of the
measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.05 mi/hr.
vfinal = the roll speed corresponding to the end of the
measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.05 mi/hr.

Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 62.16 lbf[middot]s2/ft
t = 60.0 s
vinit = 9.2 mi/hr = 13.5 ft/s
vfinal = 10.0 mi/hr = 14.7 ft/s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.266

FCerror = -17.5 ft[middot]lbf/s =-0.032 hp
* * * * *

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381. Amend Sec.  1066.265 by revising paragraph (d)(1) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1066.265  Acceleration and deceleration verification.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Calculate the force setting, F, using the following equation:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.267

Where:

Ib = the dynamometer manufacturer's stated base inertia,
in lbf[middot]s2/ft.
a = nominal acceleration rate, in ft/s2.

Example:

Ib = 2967 lbm = 92.217 lbf[middot]s2/ft
a = 1 (mi/hr)/s = 1.4667 ft/s2
F = 92.217[middot][verbarlm]1.4667[verbarlm]
F = 135.25 lbf
* * * * *

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382. Amend Sec.  1066.270 by revising paragraphs (c)(4) and (d)(2) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1066.270  Unloaded coastdown verification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) Determine the mean coastdown force, F, for each speed and
inertia setting for each of the coastdowns performed using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.268

Where:

F = the mean force measured during the coastdown for each speed
interval and inertia setting, expressed in lbf and rounded to four
significant figures.
I = the dynamometer's inertia setting, in lbf[middot]s2/
ft.
vinit = the speed at the start of the coastdown interval,
expressed in ft/s to at least four significant figures.
vfinal = the speed at the end of the coastdown interval,
expressed in ft/s to at least four significant figures.
t = coastdown time for each speed interval and inertia setting,
accurate to at least 0.01 s.

Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 62.16 lbf[middot]s2/ft
vinit = 25 mi/hr = 36.66 ft/s
vfinal = 15 mi/hr = 22.0 ft/s
t = 5.00 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.269

F = 182.3 lbf
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) For vehicles above 20,000 pounds GVWR, the maximum allowable
error, Ferrormax, for all speed intervals and inertia
settings is 1.0% or the value determined from Eq. 1066.270-3
(substituting 8.8 lbf for 2.2 lbf in the numerator), whichever is
greater.
* * * * *

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383. Amend Sec.  1066.275 by revising paragraphs (b) and (d) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1066.275  Daily dynamometer readiness verification.

* * * * *
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 1 day before testing, and after major maintenance.
You may run this within 7 days before testing if you accumulate data to
support a less frequent verification interval.
* * * * *
    (d) Performance evaluation. The coastdown force error determined in
paragraph (c) of this section may not exceed the following:
    (1) For vehicles at or below 20,000 pounds GVWR, 1.0% or the value
determined from Eq. 1066.270-3, whichever is greater.
    (2) For vehicles above 20,000 pounds GVWR, 1.0% or the value
determined from Eq. 1066.270-3 (substituting 8.8 lbf for 2.2 lbf),
whichever is greater.
* * * * *

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384. Revise Sec.  1066.405 to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.405  Vehicle preparation, preconditioning, and maintenance.

    (a) Prepare the vehicle for testing (including measurement of
evaporative and refueling emissions if appropriate), as described in
the standard-setting part.
    (b) If you inspect a vehicle, keep a record of the inspection and
update your application for certification to document any changes that
result. You may use any kind of equipment, instrument, or tool that is
available at dealerships and other service outlets to identify
malfunctioning components or perform maintenance.