PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK William C. Herz Director of Scientific Programs M E M O R A N D U M TO: Product Testing Recipient FROM: William C. Herz, Director, Scientific Programs SUBJECT: Superphosphates Product Testing Dossier DATE: March 15, 2003 It is with great pleasure that The Fertilizer Institute ( TFI) announces the completion and distribution of the final product testing dossier for Superphosphates ( GTSP, SSP CAS # s 8011 76 5 / 65996 95 4).

As you are aware, TFI sponsored this four   year program to develop and summarize screening level hazard information for high production volume ( HPV) chemicals. The data elements generated represent a broad overview of human health and ecological parameters. These include a physical  chemical characterization, environmental fate, mammalian toxicity and ecotoxicity. A health and environmental safety data summary dossier was prepared for each of the 23 materials. It summarizes the available literature data, new testing data, category description and read across data as well as provides a conclusion regarding the inherent hazards of the material.

Upon receipt of this data a 90 calendar day regulatory trigger starts within which you must update your material safety data sheets ( MS DS). Upon first product shipment you must also notify your distributors and employers once the MS DS has been updated. These regulatory requirements are detailed in 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 5) and 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 6)( i). The requirements are found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration " Hazard Communication Standard" ( 29 CFR 1910.1200).

Please note that by receipt of this data; you agree not to distribute or sell this data beyond your own company. PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY DATA SUMMARY DOCUMENT SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE CAS NO. 8011 76 5 CAS NO. 65996 95 4 Prepared for:

THE FERTILIZER INSTITUTE January 27, 2003 THE WEINBERG GROUP INC. 1220 Nineteenth St, NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20036 2400 e mail science@ weinberggroup. com WASHINGTON NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO BRUSSELS PARIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW.................................................................................................. 1 SIDS DATA PROFILE......................................................................................................... 8 SIDS DATA SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 9 1. GENERAL INFORMATION................................................................................... 11 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA............................................................................. 14 3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS.................................................... 16 4. ECOTOXICITY........................................................................................................ 19 5. TOXICITY................................................................................................................ 23 6. REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 32 APPENDICES Appendix A SIDS Data Availability Summary Appendix B SIDS Data Summaries for the Phosphate Compounds Category: Diammonium Phosphate, Liquid Polyphosphate, Monoammonium Phosphate, and Super Phosphates ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BCF Bioconcentration Factor bw Body Weight DAP Diammonium Phosphate DOT Department of Transportation FDA U. S. Food and Drug Administration FIFRA Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act g/ L Grams per Liter GLP Good Laboratory Practices GTSP Granular Triple Super Phosphate g/ mL Grams per Milliliter HSDB Hazardous Substance Data Bank IPCS International Programme for Chemical Safety KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Koc Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient Kow Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient LC50 Median Lethal Concentration LD50 Median Lethal Dose LOAEL Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level LOEC Lowest Observable Effect Concentration LOEL Lowest Observable Effect Level M Molar MAP Monoammonium Phosphate Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) mg/ kg Milligrams per Kilogram mg/ kg/ day Milligrams per Kilogram per Day mg/ L Milligrams per Liter MHb Methyl Hemoglobin mm Hg Millimeters of Mercury mmol/ L Millimoles per Liter NaNo3 Sodium Nitrate NFPA National Fire Prevention Association ( NH4 ) 2 NO3 Ammonium Nitrate NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NO3 Nitrate NOAEL No Observable Adverse Effect Level NOEC No Observable Effect Concentration NOEL No Observable Effect Level OECD Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Pa Pascal ppm Parts per Million SCAS Semi Continuous Activated Sludge SIDS Screening Information Data Set SSP Single Super Phosphate TLm Median Toxicity Level TLV Threshold Limit Value TFI The Fertilizer Institute UAN Urea Ammonia Nitrogen Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW I. Introduction The Fertilizer Institute, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a Product Testing Project to collect, review, summarize, and where necessary develop additional health and environmental safety data for 23 of its high production volume inorganic fertilizer materials. These data and summaries provide valuable information that can be used to update Material Safety Data Sheets, answer customers' questions, and support product stewardship efforts. The chemical industry is also participating in a voluntary program of comparable scope for high production volume organic chemicals. 1 The 23 fertilizer materials were divided into five categories ( i. e., ammonia compounds, nitrate compounds, phosphate compounds, salts and acids) based on their primary constituents as shown in Table 1. The use of categories is a recognized and accepted method that allows health and environmental safety data from one chemical in the category to be used to represent one or more other related chemicals in the category ( USEPA 1999). The key is to find similar, or at least predictable, patterns and trends among the chemicals in a category. In this way, data can be pooled, resources are optimized, and fewer animals are used in testing, all without losing the ability to evaluate the hazards and safety of the individual chemicals. Note that some of the materials fall into more than one category ( e. g., diammonium phosphate [ DAP] is in both the phosphate and ammonia categories).

Searches were conducted using on line databases, standard scientific data compendia, and other published sources for toxicity, ecotoxicity, environmental fate, and physical chemical properties. The collected data were reviewed for quality and acceptability and then summarized according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD) Screening Information Data Set ( SIDS) dossier format ( OECD 1997). The OECD countries ( including the United States) have agreed on a set of tests and on types of data that are generally necessary to characterize the chemical behavior and potential hazards of chemicals released into the environment. The OECD SIDS dossier was chosen as a standard format for the TFI Product Testing Project in order that it would be scientifically defensible, broadly applicable and easily understandable to a wide range of stakeholders.

The following sections of this Executive Overview provide the rationale for development of the Phosphate Compounds category ( Section II); a synopsis of the available data related to the physical chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of the phosphate compounds in this category ( Section III); and a conclusion regarding the adequacy of the data to sufficiently characterize the category and the need for additional testing ( Section IV).

The data for single superphosphate ( SSP) and granular triple superphosphate ( GTSP) are summarized together in the Chemical Profile and Data Summary tables. Because the 1 HPV Chemical Challenge Program; USEPA 1999 ( http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ chemrtk/ volchall. htm)

1 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) evaluation of data adequacy relies on a category approach, the Data Summary table references Appendix B when data are available for one or more of the other materials in the category for those data elements where no SSP or GTSP data are available. Appendix B provides a summary of the data for all of the phosphate compounds in the category. The individual studies for SSP and GTSP themselves are presented in subsequent pages of this document. Separate data summary documents are available for each of the phosphate compounds in the category.

II. Rationale for the Phosphate Compounds Category The phosphate compounds category for fertilizer materials includes diammonium phosphate ( DAP), monoammonium phosphate ( MAP), liquid polyphosphate, single superphosphate ( SSP), and granular triple superphosphate ( GTSP) 2 . These compounds are grouped because of chemical composition similarities; phosphate being a primary component. All four compounds in the category contain phosphorus, hydrogen and oxygen. Three of the compounds also contain nitrogen. In additional, the four compounds have similar and generally predictable patterns of behavior in the environment as well as toxicological properties.

Phosphate compounds disassociate in water, and therefore may be regarded as degradable ( European Commission 2000a). They are used by all living organisms and both the anion and cation are nutrients for algae ( European Commission 2000b). The primary contributor to aquatic toxicity appears to be the un ionized ammonia component of DAP and MAP, although excess phosphate may also have an effect ( Johnson and Sanders 1977), especially for the superphosphates. As a nutrient, phosphate may also stimulate growth in algae ( Aufderheide and Bussard 2000). When GTSP is applied to soil, the water soluble monocalcium phosphate rapidly dissolves into the soil solution and is quickly precipitated as available dicalcium phosphate. Inorganic phosphates are generally retained by most soils in fixed forms and therefore little is lost by leaching ( European Commission 2000a). Liquid polyphosphate fertilizers behave essentially as salts in soil ( Lohry 2001).

Phosphate compounds are Generally Recognized As Safe ( GRAS) by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration ( 21 CFR 582.1141; Bhat and Ramaswamy 1993) which allows them to be used as food and color additives. Phosphate is an essential nutrient required by all organisms for proper metabolism. Orthophosphates in general are absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. The transport of phosphate from the lumen of the gut is an active, energy dependent process, and there are factors that appear to modify the degree of its intestinal absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, and this effect has been reported to precede the action of the vitamin on transport of calcium ion. In general, in adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed from the bowel, and that which is absorbed from the gut is almost entirely excreted into the urine.

2 SSP and GTSP are combined into this single Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary Document.

2 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) III. Summary of Data Available for the Phosphate Compounds Category Detailed data summaries for phosphate compounds are included in subsequent sections of this Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary Document for Single and Granular Triple Superphosphates. These data are briefly summarized here.

Physical Chemical Data The density of phosphate compounds varies from 0.93 1.83 g/ L. All phosphate compounds are highly soluble in water with solubility ranging from 18 588 g/ L at temperatures from 0 to 30 ° C. The one vapor pressure value reported for DAP indicates low volatility (< 100 Pa at 20 ° C). No specific data on the octanol water partition coefficient ( Kow ) are available, but based on the high water solubility it is expected that Kow and bioaccumulation potential would be low, although the body does absorb phosphates as necessary to carry out vital functions. These compounds dissociate and do not undergo oxidation reduction reactions so redox potentials are not applicable.

Environmental Fate and Pathway Little direct environmental fate testing has been conducted with the phosphate compounds, largely because such compounds generally dissociate in solution and therefore photodegradation and biodegradation mechanisms are less important. However, phosphates may be regarded as biodegradable, as they are utilized by all living organisms. The phosphorus cycle is well understood ( e. g. see www. ppi far. org/ ppiweb/ ppibase. nsf/$ webindex/ article= 678CA758852569B5005C148685E4A99F)

Ecotoxicity Acute 96 hour studies have been reported in the literature on various fish species. These reported LC50 values range from 90 5,900 mg/ L for DAP and other compounds in the phosphate category. Additional acute fish toxicity studies have been conducted for MAP and liquid polyphosphate according to OECD protocols and under Good Laboratory Practice ( GLP) conditions. Results indicate no toxicity at the highest nominal concentration ( 100 mg/ L) tested in both tests. MAP and liquid polyphosphate concentrations were calculated based on measurements of total phosphate. For the high concentration in each test, the measured concentrations were 85.9 and 101 mg/ L of MAP and liquid polyphosphate, respectively. Acute studies with Daphnia magna were not available for members of the phosphate category, but studies have been conducted with commercial grade superphosphate on a similar daphnid species, Daphnia carinata. These 72 hour studies resulted in LC50 values of approximately 1,800 mg/ L at both 22 and 30 º C. Results from acute toxicity testing of other aquatic invertebrates have also been reported, with LC50 values ranging from about 1,000 to over 5,000 mg/ L for DAP and superphosphates. Based on the standard Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act ( FIFRA) acute toxicity ratings for fish and Daphnia ( below), the compounds in this category are considered slightly toxic to practically non toxic.

3 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) EC/ LC50 ( mg/ L) Toxicity Description < 0.1 Very Highly Toxic 0.1 1 Highly Toxic 1 10 Moderately Toxic 10 100 Slightly Toxic > 100 Practically Non Toxic Additional studies have been conducted to evahe toxicity of DAP and GTSP to an alga species, Selenastrum capricornutum. Bothrials were tested according to OECD protocols under GLP conditions. The resultant 72 hr NOECs were 97.1 and 87.6 mg/ L, for DAP and GTSP, respectively. No anhibitory effects were observed in either test. Some stimulation of growth was noted in both tests, with resultant NOEC values of 3.57 and 21.6 mg/ L for DAP and GTpectively. This effect is consistent ith the known stimulatory ( nutrient) effect of phosphate compounds and reflects the ed 50s g bw. To provide additional data for the category, additional studies MAP, and liquid polyphosphate using the OECD " up and down" ditions. For all three compounds, rats received an initial dose of by oral gavage. All animals survived, gained weight, and appeared thy throughout the study period, with no signs of toxicity observed for any luate t mate dverse i SP res w phenomenon that some level of phosphate is essential ( e. g., fisheries productivity is dependent on sufficient nutrient availability) but excess nutrient levels can lead to overproduction.

Mammalian Toxicity Acute toxicity The only toxicity study available from the literature was one in which ewes were dos with a granular preparation of superphosphate. The reported LD for this study wa ,000 6,000 mg/ k 5 were initiated for DAP, protocol under GLP con 2000 mg/ kg bw active and heal of the test materials. Similarly, additional acute toxicity studies for exposure via the dermal route were conducted on DAP, MAP, and liquid polyphosphate using the OECD limit test protocol under GLP conditions. In dermal exposures of 5,000 mg/ kg bw, no signs of toxicity were observed and all animals survived, gained weight, and appeared active and healthy throughout the tests. Based on the standard FIFRA acute toxicity ratings for mammals ( below), the compounds in this category are considered to be of low to very low toxicity ( 40 CFR 156.62).

Toxicity Category I II III IV Toxicity Rating High Moderate Low Very Low Oral LD50   50 mg/ kg > 50 500 mg/ kg > 500 5000 mg/ kg > 5000 mg/ kg Dermal LC   200 mg/ kg 50> 200 2000 mg/ kg > 2000 20,000 mg/ kg > 20,000 mg/ kg Inhalation LC50   0.2 mg/ L > 0.2 2 > 2 20 mg/ L > 20 mg/ L mg/ L 4 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Skin and eye irritation No specific animal studies are available for skin and eye irritation. Data for the dermal studies described above indicate that skin exposures are not a significant concern. However, dust from the solid materials and coned solutions of the liquid materials can be mild irritants.

Genotoxicity In vitro bacterial and non bacterial genotoxicity studies have been conducted on DAP and TSP as representatives of the category. Using the OECD bacterial reverse mutation assa ( Ames) protocol under GLP conditions, S. typhimurium strains TA 98, TA 100, TA ted at concentrations of 50, 150, 500, 1,500, and 5,000 µ g/ plate. Using the OECD mammalian chromosome aberration test under GLP conditions, Chinese was incorporated into the food of mice at 500 mg/ day for 7 days. Chrmosomal aberrations were observed in the bone marrow and the authors concluded erphosphate was clastogenic and possibly mutagenic. Given the high doses of this study and the lack of effect noted in the in vitro studies conducted under by y athological parameters among the low, mid, and high dose animals showed effects. In the reproductive ere observed in a non dose related manner. No effects on offspring were observed in either study. For GTSP, the he nd centra t G y 1535, TA 1537 were tes hamster ovaries were tested at concentrations from 185 to 1,480 µ g/ mL. In all of the in vitro genotoxicity studies, results were negative in all cases both with and without metabolic activation. One in vivo study is reported in the literature from 1988 in which single superphosphate o that single sup GLP conditions, the genotoxicity potential appears to be low.

Repeated dose, reproductive and developmental toxicity Studies have been conducted on DAP and GTSP using the OECD Guideline 422 combined protocol that provides data on repeated dose exposures as well as reproductive and developmental endpoints. Doses of 250, 750, and 1500 mg/ kg/ day were given gavage to male and female rats daily ( 7 days/ week). Animals were divided between separate toxicity and reproductive subgroups. The exposure period for the toxicity subgroup was 35 days, while the exposure period for the reproductive subgroup was at most 28 days among males and 53 days among females. No treatment related mortalit or signs of overt clinical toxicity were observed in either subgroup. In the toxicity subgroup, several hematological, clinical chemistry, and histop subgroup, effects on body weight and food consumption w resulting NOAEL for reproductive/ developmental toxicity was 750 mg/ kg/ day. T resultant LOAELs were 250 and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day for the general toxicity and reproductive/ developmental toxicity, respectively. For DAP, the NOAEL for general toxicity was 250 mg/ kg/ day and for reproductive/ developmental toxicity was 1,500 mg/ kg/ day. The LOAELs were 500 and > 1,500 mg/ kg/ day for the general toxicity a reproductive/ developmental toxicity, respectively.

5 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) IV. Conclusion for the Phosphate Compounds Category A substantial amount of data has been produced for the compounds in the phosphat compounds category. These data include GLP studies on the acute oral and dermal toxicity of DAP, MAP, and liquid phosphate and bacterial and non bacterial genotoxicit studies on DAP and GTSP. Additionally, GLP acute fish studies were conducted on liquid polyphosphate and MAP, and GLP algae studies were conducted on DA GTSP. Combined repeat dose/ reproductive/ developmental studies were also conducted on DAP and GTSP. The results indicate that these compounds are slightly toxic to practically non toxic for aquatic organisms and of low to very low toxicity for mammals The compounds in the phosphate category are adeq e y P and . uately characterized.

6 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) TABLE 1: CATEGORIES FOR PRODUCT TESTING PROJECT CATEGORY COMPOUND CAS NUMBER Ammonia Compounds Anhydrous ammonia Aqua ammonia Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium thiosulfate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN)* Ammonium phosphate sulfate Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Urea 7664 41 7 1336 21 6 6484 52 2 7783 20 2 7783 18 8 15978 77 5 12593 60 1 7783 28 0 7722 76 1 57 13 6 Nitrate Compounds Sodium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN)* 7631 99 4 6484 52 2 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 15978 77 5 Phosphate Compounds Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Liquid polyphosphate Single superphosphate** Granular triple superphosphate** 7783 28 0 7722 76 1  8011 76 5 65996 95 4 Salts Potassium chloride Potassium magnesium sulfate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Potassium sulfate Calcium sulfate 7447 40 7 14168 73 1 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 7778 80 5 7778 18 9 Acids Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid 7664 38 2 7697 37 2 7664 93 9 * = Nitrogen solutions are represented largely by Urea Ammonia Nitrogen ( UAN; 15978 77 5) ** = Single superphosphate and granular triple superphosphate are combined into a single dossier.  = No CAS number readily available 7 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) V. REFERENCES CITED 21 CFR 582.1141 as cited in Hazardous Substances Data Bank ( HSDB). 1999. Calcium Superphosphate . National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

40 CFR 156.62. Toxicity Category.

Aufderheide, J. A. and Bussard, J. B. 2000. Toxicity of triple superphosphate ( GTSP) to the unicellular green alga, Selenastrum Capricornutum. ABC Labs Study No. 46208.

Bhat, M. R. and Ramaswamy, C. 1993. Effect of ammonia, urea and diammonium phosphate ( DAP) on lung functions in fertilizer plant workers. Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 37: 222 224.

European Commission. 2000a. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

European Commission. 2000b. Diammonium Hydrogenorthophosphate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

Gilman. 1990. Pharm Basis Therap 8th Ed. p. 1501 as cited in HSDB. 1999. Calcium Superphosphate . National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Gudi, R. and Brown, C. 2001. In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test: granular triple super phosphate ( GTSP). BioReliance Study No. AA43RC. 331. BTL.

Johnson, W. W. and Sanders, H. O. 1977. Chemical forest fire retardants: Acute toxicity to five freshwater fishes and a scud. Technical Papers of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Lohry, R. 2001. Ortho vs. poly. The Fluid Journal. Issue # 35, 9( 4): 1 3.

OECD. 1997. SIDS Manual. OECD Secretariat, 3rd Revision, July 1997.

USEPA. 1999. Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program. www. epa. gove/ chemrtk/ catdoc29. pdf.

8 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA PROFILE Date: March 11, 2003 1.01 A. CAS No. 65996 95 4 8011 76 5 1.01 C. CHEMICAL NAME ( OECD NAME) Single Superphosphate Triple Superphosphate 1.01 D CAS DESCRIPTOR Single Superphosphate Triple Superphosphate 1.01 G STRUCTURAL FORMULA H4 P2 O8 OTHER CHEMICAL IDENTITY INFORMATION Not applicable 1.5 QUANTITY Greater than 1 million tonnes per annum 1.7 USE PATTERN Both single and triple superphosphates are used exclusively as fertilizer materials.

1.9 SOURCES AND LEVELS OF EXPOSURE Low human exposure is expected because SSP and GTSP are manufactured in closed systems. Exposure to dusts and direct contact with the material is possible during fertilizer application. ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION The data for single and triple superphosphates should be evaluated in combination with the other materials in the phosphates category.

8 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA SUMMARY Date: January 27, 2003 SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ( CAS NO. 8011 76 5) TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ( CAS NO. 65996 95 4) SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 110 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point See Appendix B results* 2.3 Density 1,035 kg/ m3 2.4 Vapor Pressure See Appendix B results* 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient No data available 2.6A Water Solubility 18 g/ L at 20 ° C 2.6B pH value 2.8 2.9 in 10% water suspension 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability See Appendix B results* 2.9 Flammability See Appendix B results* 2.10 Explosive Properties See Appendix B results* 2.11 Oxidizing Properties See Appendix B results* 2.12 Oxidation: Reduction Potential No data available ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation No data available 3.1.2 Stability in Water See Appendix B results* 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Stable 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated, Fugacity Level III 1x10 6 % to air 49.8% to water 50.1% to soil 0.092% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation Biodegradable 3.7 Bioaccumulation See Appendix B results* ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute Toxicity to Fish Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Tilapia mossambica 96 hrs LC50 = 1,560 5,900 ppm 4.2A Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia carinata LC50 = 1,790 1,825 mg/ L 4.2B Acute Toxicity to Other Aquatic Organisms Moina micrura, Cyclops viridis, 72 hrs LC50 = 1,625 2,305 ppm Branchiura sowerbyi, Planorbis exustus, Lymnaea leuteola, Viviparus bengalensis, Chironomus sp 96 hrs LC50 = 1,133 5,005 ppm 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Selenastrum capricornutum OECD 201 NOEC ( toxicity) = 87.6 mg/ L NOEC ( stimulation) = 21.6 mg/ L 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria No data available 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish No data available 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates No data available 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms No data available 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants See text 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species No data available 9 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ( CAS NO. 8011 76 5) TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ( CAS NO. 65996 95 4) SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Sheep LD50 = 5,000 6,000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity No data available 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity See Appendix B results* 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity, Other Routes No data available 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/ Corrosion Mild irritant 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/ Corrosion Mild irritant 5.3 Skin Sensitization No data available 5.4 Repeated Dose Toxicity Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 750 mg/ kg/ day 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium OECD 471 Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster ovaries OECD 473 Negative 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo See Appendix B results* 5.7 Carcinogenicity No data available 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 750 mg/ kg/ day 5.9 Developmental Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 750 mg/ kg/ day 5.10 Additional Information See text 5.11 Human Experience See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits No TLV established * See Appendix B results for data on other chemicals in the phosphate category.

10 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.01 SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. CAS number 8011 76 5 ( Single superphosphate) 65996 95 4 ( Triple superphosphate)

B. Name ( IUPAC name) Single superphosphate Superphosphates, concentrated C. Name ( OECD name) Single superphosphate Triple superphosphate D. CAS Descriptor Not applicable E. EINECS Number 232 379 5 ( Single superphosphate) 266 030 3 ( Triple superphosphate)

F. Molecular Formula H4 O8 P2 G. Structural Formula H4 O8 P2 SMILES: OP( O)(= O) OOP( O)(= O) O H. Substance Group Not applicable I. Substance Remark Not applicable J. Molecular Weight 194.1 1.02 OECD INFORMATION A. Sponsor Country Not applicable B. Lead Organization Name of Lead Organization: Not applicable C. Name of Responder Name: Mr. William C. Herz, Director of Scientific Programs Address/ Phones: The Fertilizer Institute Union Center Plaza 820 First Street, NE, Suite 430 Washington, DC 20002 USA Tel: ( 202) 962 0490 Fax: ( 202) 962 0577 11 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 1.1 GENERAL SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. Type of Substance element [ ]; inorganic [ X]; natural substance [ ]; organic [ ]; organometallic [ ]; petroleum product [ ]

B. Physical State ( at 20 ° C and 1.013 hPa)

gaseous [ ]; liquid [ ]; solid [ X]

C. Purity > 98%

1.2 SYNONYMS Superphosphate Single superphosphate ( SSP) Normal superphosphate Ordinary superphosphate Triple superphosphate ( TSP) Granular triple superphosphate ( GTSP)

1.3 IMPURITIES Remarks: None identified 1.4 ADDITIVES Remarks: None identified 1.5 QUANTITY Remarks: 0.5 to 1 million tonnes per annum. 1.5 million tons produced in US in 1994. Estimated greater than 4 million tonnes worldwide in 1999. References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition. SRI Consulting Chemical Industries Newsletter, May/ June 1996.

1.6 LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION Remarks: No specific labeling required.

12 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 1.7 USE PATTERN A. General Type of Use: Category:

main Wide dispersive use industrial Agricultural industry use Fertilizer Remarks: Both single and triple superphosphate are used exclusively as fertilizer materials. Reference: 1) European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition. 2) Hazardous Substances Data Bank ( HSDB). 1999. Calcium Superphosphate . National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 3) Lauriente, D. H. 1996. Normal superphosphate ( abstract). Chemical Economic Handbook. p. 760 5500 A. 4) Lauriente, D. H. 1996. Triple superphosphate ( abstract). Chemical Economic Handbook. p. 760 5000 A.

B. Uses in Consumer Products Remarks: Superphosphates may be components of lawn and garden fertilizers.

1.8 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUE Exposure limit value Type: OSHA PEL Value: 15 mg/ m3 total dust; 5 mg/ m3 respirable fraction. Remark: No specific limit has been set, however, the federal OSHA PEL for particulates not otherwise regulated applies to all fertilizer dusts. Regulated limits may vary in local jurisdictions.

1.9 SOURCES OF EXPOSURE Remarks: The primary source of exposure is skin and eye contact and inhalation. Triple superphosphate is imported as a granular material and dry blended with other granular raw materials ( potassium chloride and limestone) to produce PK fertilizers. The finished products are handled by industrial operators, merchants, and farm workers.

13 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) References: Kemira Ince Ltd. Ince, Chester. [ cited in European Commission 1996]

1.10 ADDITIONAL REMARKS A. Options for disposal Remarks: Single and Triple Superphosphates should be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. Generally a sufficient method is to sweep spilled substance into covered containers, and wash away the remainder with plenty of water. References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 MELTING POINT ( a) Value: 110 ° C Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

2.2 BOILING POINT Remarks: No data available.

2.3 DENSITY ( Relative Density)

( a) Type: Bulk density [ X]; Density [ ]; Relative Density [ ] Value: 1,035 kg/ m3 Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

14 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) ( b) Type: Bulk density [ ]; Density [ X]; Relative Density [ ] Value: 2.22 mg/ L Temperature: 18 ° C Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Data for calcium superphosphate ( CAS # 7758 23 8) References: Budavari, S. ( ed.). 1996. The Merck Index. 12th ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories. p. 1736.

2.4 VAPOR PRESSURE Remarks: No specific data available.

2.5 PARTITION COEFFICIENT logPow Remarks: No specific data available.

2.6 WATER SOLUBILITY A. Solubility Value: 1.8 g/ 100 mL Temperature: 30 ° C Description: Miscible [ ]; Of very high solubility [ X]; Of high solubility [ ]; Soluble [ ]; Slightly soluble [ ] Of low solubility [ ]; Of very low solubility [ ]; Not soluble [ ] Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Decomposes in hot water. Data for calcium superphosphate ( CAS # 7758 23 8), which is the only water soluble component. References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition. Lide, D. R.. ( ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 1991. 72nd ed. Boston: CRC Press.

B. pH Value, pKa Value pH Value: 2.8 2.9 Concentration: 10% water suspension Temperature: Not specified Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X]

15 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

2.7 FLASH POINT ( liquids)

Remarks: Not applicable.

2.8 AUTO FLAMMABILITY ( solid/ gases)

Remarks: No data available.

2.9 FLAMMABILITY Remarks: No data available.

2.10 EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES Remarks: No data available.

2.11 OXIDIZING PROPERTIES Remarks: No data available.

2.12 OXIDATION: REDUCTION POTENTIAL Remarks: No data available.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS 3.1 STABILITY 3.1.1 PHOTODEGRADATION Remarks: No data available.

3.1.2 STABILITY IN WATER Remarks: No data available.

16 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 3.1.3 STABILITY IN SOIL Type: Field trial [ ]; Laboratory [ ]; Other [ X] Test substance: Triple superphosphate Remarks: When triple superphosphate is applied to soil, the water soluble monocalcium phosphate rapidly dissolves in the soil solution. In calcareous, neutral, or slightly acidic soil, it is quickly precipitated as available dicalcium phosphate by calcium ions present in the soil solution. In acidic soil, phosphate is precipitated by iron and aluminum compounds. References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

3.2 MONITORING DATA ( ENVIRONMENTAL)

Remarks: No data available.

3.3 TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS INCLUDING ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS 3.3.1 TRANSPORT Type of measurement: Adsorption [ ]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ ]; Other [ X] Remarks: Inorganic phosphates are retained by most soils in " fixed" forms. Very little phosphorus is lost by leaching. The largest losses occur in sandy soils, which have both low capacity to retain water and low buffer capacity for the phosphate. The main way in which phosphorus originating in fertilizers may reach natural water is through surface runoff and erosion of the soil. These losses are normally small. References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

3.3.2 THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION ( FUGACITY CALCULATION)

Method: Fugacity Level III ( Mackay type) Mass Distribution by Environmental Compartment: Air 1.1 x 10 6 % Water 49.8% Soil 50.1% Sediment 0.092%

17 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Remarks: Analysis is performed on calcium super phosphate References: USEPA. 2000. EPISUITE Estimation Program V. 3.10. US Environmental Protection Agency.

3.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN MODE OF DEGRADABILITY IN ACTUAL USE Remarks: No data available.

3.5 BIODEGRADATION Remarks: Phosphates may be regarded as degradable. They are utilized by all living organisms which, ordinarily, do not change the oxidation number of phosphorus. However, some bacteria under anaerobic conditions can reduce phosphates to phosphine ( PH3 ). References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

3.6 BOD5 , COD OR RATIO BOD5 / COD Remarks: No data available.

3.7 BIOACCUMULATION Remarks: No data available.

3.8 ADDITIONAL REMARKS ( a) Remarks: An increase of cadmium content in the triple superphosphate fertilized soils compared to unfertilized soils has been found at 5 out of 9 locations of agricultural research stations where fertilizers contained < 10 mg Cd/ kg in treated soil versus 0.29 mg Cd/ kg in untreated soil. These experiments have shown little cadmium accumulation in corn ( Zea mays L.), soybean ( Glycine max. Merr.), wheat ( Triticum aestivum) and timothy forage ( Phleum pratense L.) cropped on soils which have received triple superphosphate at normal recommended phosphorus rates over 50 years. References: Mortvedt, J. J. 1987. J. Environ. Qual. 16: 137 142. ( cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.).

18 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) ( b) Remarks: In triple superphosphate fertilized soils at the rate of 175 kg P/ ha/ yr over a 36 y period, cadmium levels in the treated plots were an average of 14 times greater than those of the control plots ( 1 versus 0.07 mg Cd/ kg). About 71% of the accumulated cadmium has been found in the soil surface ( 0 to 15 cm). Cadmium levels in grain and leaves of barley cropped on heavy fertilized soils were not greater than those of barley grown on the control soils. However, when soils from both plots were used in greenhouse pot experiments, cadmium uptake by Swiss chard was significantly higher from the triple superphosphate soil. No yield depression was observed. References: Mulla, D. J. et al. 1980. J. Environ. Qual. 9: 408 412. ( cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.).

( c) Remarks: After nine annual applications of triple superphosphate fertilizer at the rate of 1,344 kg/ ha ( 16 fold the optimum rate), cadmium concentrations in fertilized and unfertilized snap bean seed ( Phaseolus vulgaris) beet blade petioles root ( Beta vulgaris), cabbage heads and core leaves and grain ( Zea mays) were similar. References: Mortvedt, J. J. 1985. Chem. Abst. 102: 203169J. [ cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.].

4. ECOTOXICITY 4.1 ACUTE/ PROLONGED TOXICITY TO FISH Type of test: Static [ ]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ]; Other ( e. g. field test) [ ] Open system [ ]; Closed system [ ] Species: Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, and Tilapia mossambica Exposure period: 96 hours Results: LC50 ( 96 h; L. rohita) = 3,460 ppm superphosphate LC50 ( 96 h; C. catla) = 2,620 ppm superphosphate LC50 ( 96 h; C. mrigala) = 1,560 ppm superphosphate LC50 ( 96 h; C. carpio) = 3,900 ppm superphosphate LC50 ( 96 h; T. mossambica) = 5,900 ppm superphosphate Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [ X] Method: American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater . 1975.

19 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Bioassays were performed in the laboratory at 30.8 ° C using unchlorinated borehole water at pH 7.5. Tests were run for 96 hours in 15 L glass aquaria for fingerlings and in 500 mL beakers for hatchlings. Each aquarium held 25 hatchlings and each beaker held 8 to 16 fish. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Commercial grade superphosphate ( H4 P2 O8 ) Remarks: Single superphosphate was the less toxic to fish than urea, ammonium sulfate, or muriate of potash. Hatchlings were more resistant to superphosphate than were fingerlings of the same species. At 3,800 kg/ ha superphosphate, gills were choked with superphosphate particles causing rupture of gill capillaries. References: Konar, S. K. and Sarkar, S. K. 1983. Acute toxicity of agricultural fertilizers to fishes. Geobios 10: 6 9.

4.2 ACUTE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES A. Daphnia Type of test: Static [ ]; Semi static [ X]; flow through [ ]; Open system [ X]; Closed system [ ] Species: Daphnia carinata ( water flea) Exposure period: 72 hours Results: LC50 ( 22.7 ° C) = 1,790 mg/ L LC50 ( 30.8 ° C) = 1,825 mg/ L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ X]; ? [ ] Method: D. carinata collected from local ponds were acclimated to laboratory conditions for four days. Bioassays were performed according to American Public Health Association. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater . 1975. Experiments were run at 22.7 ° C and 30.8 ° C for 72 hours in 500 mL beakers using unchlorinated well water at pH 7.0. Twenty animals were kept per container and six replicates were conducted for each test and control. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Commercial grade superphosphate ( H4 P2 O8 ) Remarks: According to the authors, there should be no deleterious effects from the use of superphosphate at recommended rates for constant fertility of ponds. References: Sarkar, S. K. 1990. Toxicity evaluation of superphosphate on some aquatic invertebrates exposed to temperature. J. Environ. Biol. 11( 2): 97 100.

20 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) B. Other aquatic organisms Type of test: Static [ ]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ]; Open system [ ]; Closed system [ ] Species: Moina micrura ( zooplankton), Cyclops viridis ( zooplankton), Branchiura sowerbyi ( worm), Chironomus ( insect larvae), Dragonfly nymph ( insect larvae), Planorbis exustus ( mollusc), Lymnaea leuteola ( mollusc), Viviparus bengalensis ( mollusc) Exposure period: 72 hours or 96 hours Results: Avg. LC50 ( Moina micrura; 72 h) = 1,625 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Cyclops viridis; 72 h) = 2,305 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Branchiura sowerbyi; 96 h) = 3,320 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Chironomus; 96 h) = 1,510 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Dragonfly nymph; 96 h) = 1,133 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Planorbis exustus; 96 h) = 5,005 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Lymnaea leuteola; 96 h) = 2,950 ppm superphosphate Avg. LC50 ( Viviparus bengalensis; 96 h) = 2,350 ppm superphosphate Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [ X] Method: American Public Health Association 1975 Bioassays were performed under two different temperatures ( 22.7o C and 30.8o C) for 72 h in 500 mL beakers for plankton and for 96 h for other animals. Each container held 20 animals and six replicates were used for each test. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Commercial grade superphosphate ( N P2 O5  K2 O ratio = 0 16 0) Remarks: Plankton were most susceptible and molluscs were most tolerant to the fertilizer. This study indicates that superphosphate is practically nontoxic to aquatic invertebrates. No significant difference in toxicity was observed at the two temperatures tested. Results are reported as the average of the two values for each species. References: Sarkar, S. K. 1990. Toxicity evaluation of superphosphate on some aquatic invertebrates exposed to temperature. J. Environ. Biol. 11: 97 100.

21 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 4.3 TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS, e. g. algae Species: Selenastrum capricornutum Endpoint: Biomass [ X ]; Growth rate [ X ]; Other [ ] Exposure period: 72 hours Results: NOEC ( toxicity) = 87.6 mg/ L ( nominal > 100 mg/ L) NOEC ( stimulation) = 21.6 mg/ L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ X ]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Method: OECD 201, 1984. Open system [ X ]; Closed system [ ] GLP: Yes [ X ] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Granular Triple Superphosphate ( GTSP; CAS # 8011 76 5/ 65996 95 4) Remarks: No adverse inhibitory effects were observed. There was some stimulation at 50 mg/ L and above. This was consistent with the known stimulatory effect of phosphate compounds. The measured concentrations were calculated from total phosphate measurements. References: Aufderheide, J. A. and Bussard, J. B. 2000. Toxicity of granular triple super phosphate ( GTSP) to the unicellular green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. ABC Labs Study No. 46208.

4.4 TOXICITY TO BACTERIA Remarks: No data available.

4.5 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS 4.5.1 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO FISH Remarks: No data available.

4.5.2 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Remarks: No data available.

4.6 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS 4.6.1 TOXICITY TO SOIL DWELLING ORGANISMS Remarks: No data available.

22 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 4.6.2 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Species: Freesia and lettuce Endpoint: Emergence [ ]; Growth [ ]; Other [ X] Leaf scorch Exposure period: Not specified Results: In pot tests, leaf scorches on plants were observed only when applied triple superphosphate contained 1.86 2.78% F . Uptake of F by plants was reduced by increasing soil pH by liming. Injury symptoms on Freesia hybrida leaves were observed on plants fertilized with triple superphosphate containing 1.0 1.6% F . Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ?[ X] Test substance: Triple superphosphate Remarks: Reported in the IUCLID database based on two Chemical Abstracts citations. Data reporting is incomplete and it is difficult to assess validity. References: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

4.6.3 TOXICITY TO OTHER NON MAMMALIAN TERRESTRIAL SPECIES ( INCLUDING AVIAN)

Remarks: No data available.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS MONITORING ( INCLUDING BIOMAGNIFICATION)

Remarks: No data available.

4.8 BIOTRANSFORMATION AND KINETICS Remarks: No data available.

5. TOXICITY 5.1 ACUTE TOXICITY 5.1.1 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Sheep ( Romney ewes) Value: 5,000 6,000 mg/ kg bw 23 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Method: Superphosphate was a granulated preparation containing 9.9% phosphate ( 9.5% soluble in 2% citric acid). The pH of solution was 3.0. Six dry, five pregnant and five lactating ewes were dosed once a day with 25 200 g single superphosphate. Ewes were run at pasture and confined for three hours each day for blood and urine samples. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Superphosphate ( H4 P2 O8 ) Remarks: The wide range of doses and small number of treated animals did not allow for a precisely calculated LD50 . The LD50 was estimated based on 200 250 g for a 40 kg sheep. Ewes in all three groups given lethal doses developed similar clinical signs; an initial period of anorexia and mild depression starting within two days of the onset of dosing followed by a terminal illness, 24 to 48 hours prior to death, characterized by diarrhea and severe depression leading to semicoma and recumbency. Six ewes that received sub lethal doses were depressed and diarrheic for up to 6 days, but made a rapid recovery. References: O'Hara, P. J., McCausland, I. P., and Coup, M. R. 1982. Phosphatic fertiliser poisoning of sheep: experimental studies. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 30: 165 169.

5.1.2 ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY Remarks: No data available.

5.1.3 ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY Remarks: No data available.

5.1.4 ACUTE TOXICITY BY OTHER ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION Remarks: No data available.

5.2 CORROSIVENESS/ IRRITATION 5.2.1 SKIN IRRITATION/ CORROSION Remarks: Mild irritation. References: MSDS, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety ( cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.).

24 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 5.2.2 EYE IRRITATION/ CORROSION Remarks: Mild irritation. References: MSDS, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety ( cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.).

5.3 SKIN SENSITIZATION Remarks: No data available.

5.4 REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY ( a) Species: Rat Sex/ Strain: Male/ Female Crl: CD( SD) IGS BR Route of Administration: Gavage Exposure Period: Animals were divided between two subgroups ( toxicity and reproductive subgroups). The exposure period for the toxicity subgroup was 35 days, while the exposure period for the reproductive subgroup was at most 28 days among males and 53 days among females. Frequency of Treatment: Daily Doses: 0, 250, 750, and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day ( Doses were selected based on parameters assessed in a range finding study at concentrations up to 1,000 mg/ kg/ day) NOAEL: None assigned for general toxicity; however the stomach submucosal effect seen at all doses may have been a result of irritation due to the low pH ( 2 3) of the test solution that was gavaged. 750 mg/ kg/ day ( reproduction/ developmental toxicity) LOAEL: 250 mg/ kg/ day ( general toxicity) 1,500 mg/ kg/ day ( reproduction/ developmental toxicity) GLP: Yes Method: Toxicity subgroup: Animals comprising the toxicity subgroup ( 5 males and 5 females per dose group) were administered granular triple super phosphate ( GTSP) for 5 weeks ( 7 days/ week) via gavage administration. Among toxicity subgroup animals, functional observations ( sensory reactivity, grip strength, motor activity) and bleeds for hematology and blood chemistry were conducted during week 5 of treatment. Organ weights were recorded at termination during Week 6 and major organs and tissues ( and any other abnormalities observed at necropsy) were processed for microscopic examination.

25 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Reproductive subgroup: Animals comprising the reproductive subgroup ( 5 males and 10 females) were administered GTSP for a period encompassing approximately 53 continuous days via oral gavage: 14 days of initial treatment, plus a maximum of 14 days of cohabitation to ensure mating, and among females, at least 25 days to litter and rear their young until Day 4 of age. Histology for reproductive subgroup animals was restricted to retained reproductive organs ( and any other abnormalities observed at necropsy). Result: Toxicity subgroup: There were no treatment related deaths and no signs of overt clinical toxicity. During weeks 1 2, bodyweight gain was slightly reduced among toxicity subgroup females at 1,500 mg/ kg/ day. Several hematological and clinical chemistry parameters among mid and high dose animals were changed. Increases in platelet counts and a decrease in activated partial thromboplastin times were measured among 1,500 mg/ kg/ day males and females. Increased white blood cell counts were measured among females at 750 and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day, as well as increased numbers of neutrophils and basophils at 1,500 mg/ kg/ day ( females only). Total plasma protein levels were reduced among 750 and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day males and females. Phosphorus levels were reduced among 750 and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day males and females. Calcium levels were reduced among 750 and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day males, and bilirubin levels were reduced among 1,500 mg/ kg/ day females. Males at 1,500 mg/ kg/ day displayed decreased motor activity ( lower ambulatory and rearing activity). Histopathological examination of stomachs of males and females from all three dose groups revealed degenerative/ inflammatory changes including submucosal inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, acantholysis, and increased numbers of mucous secreting cells. These findings were clearly related to treatment and may have been associated with an irritant effect of the test formulations ( the pH of the administered test solutions was highly acidic ( between 2 and 3). Minimal cortical tubular basophilia was observed in the kidney among the majority of males ( the incidence among male rats was 0/ 5, 3/ 5, 4/ 5, and 4/ 5 among the 0, 250, 750, and 1,500 mg/ kg/ day male rats). One female in each of the treatment groups also displayed this finding. Mid and high dose male and female rats, and one low dose male rat displayed horizontal banding of the incisors. Histological processing of the teeth indicated that the banding was restricted to the enamel of the teeth, and may have been due to disrupted mineralization due to calcium or 26 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) phosphorous ion imbalances caused by high dosages of GTSP. Reproductive subgroup: There were no treatment related deaths and no signs of overt clinical toxicity. Mating performance and fertility were unaffected by treatment. Group mean bodyweights of offspring at Day 1 though Day 4 of age were slightly lower than control at 1,500 mg/ kg/ day ( although only females were statistically significantly different from control). Bodyweight and food consumption were reduced among all reproductive subgroup females during the first two weeks of treatments in a non dose related manner. Food consumption increased among all females after the first week of gestation, but then decreased again among females in the 750 and 1500 mg/ kg/ day dose groups during the first 4 days of lactation. Test substance: Granular Triple Super Phosphate ( GTSP) Reference: Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 2002. GTSP: 4 Week General Toxicity and Reproductive/ Developmental Toxicity Screening Test. Study Number WBG 002/ 022949.

( b) Species/ strain: Various Route of Administration: Oral feed Remarks: Several old ( 1966, 1972) studies were reported in the IUCLID Data Set in which the toxicity attributable to fluoride as a component of superphosphate was studied. Study periods generally were several weeks and fluoride concentrations which caused effects ranged from 130 to 600 ppm in the diet. The superphosphate was intended as a source of supplemental phosphorous in the diet. The relevance of these studies to fertilizer applications is uncertain. References: 1) European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition. 2) Ivy, R. E., Sullivan, T. W., Goldner, W. J., Graff, C. R., Peo, F. R. Jr. 1972. Poultry science Association Annual Meeting. Article mentioned by Martin , J. L. ( 1982) In " Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate." 3) Atkinton, F. 1966. Nature 211: 429 30. Article mentioned by Martin, J. L. ( 1982). A report prepared for The Fertilizer Institute in " Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts." 4) Labadie, M., Nicolas, A., Breton, J. C., Pestre Alexandre, M. 1972. Ingestion d'engrais phosphates: Etudes experimentales chez le mouton et le veau. Rev. Med. Vet. 123 ( 7): 931 936. 5) Zumpt, I. 1975. J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 46: 161 163. Article mentioned by Martin, J. L. ( 1982) in report 27 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) prepared for The Fertilizer Institute: Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts.

5.5 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VITRO A. Bacterial Test Type: Bacterial reverse mutation assay System of testing: Species/ strain: Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli WP2 uvrA Concentration: 50, 150, 500, 1,250, and 3,125 µ g/ plate for Salmonella and 150, 500, 1,250, 3,125, and 5,000 µ g/ plate for E. coli Metabolic activation: With [ ]; Without [ ]; With and Without [ X]; Results: Cytotoxicity conc: With metabolic activation: 5,000 µ g/ plate; none ( E. coli) Without metabolic activation: 5,000 µ g/ plate; none ( E. coli) Precipitation conc: Beginning at 1,250 µ g/ plate Genotoxic effects: + ?  With metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Without metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Method: OECD Guideline 471 ( Ninth Addendum; February 1998) GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Granular triple super phosphate ( GTSP), purity: 100% Remarks: 1 N HCl was selected as the solvent. At 25 mg/ mL, about 95% of the test article appeared soluble and 5% of the test article remained undissolved but formed a workable suspension. References: Wagner, V. O. and Klug, M. L. 2001. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay: Granular Triple Super Phosphate ( GTSP). BioReliance Study No. AA43RC. 503. BTL.

B. Non bacterial in vitro test Type: Mammalian chromosome aberration test System of testing: Species/ strain: Chinese hamster ovaries Concentration: 375, 750, and 1,500 µ g/ mL Metabolic activation: With [ ]; Without [ ]; With and Without [ X]; Results: Cytotoxicity conc: With metabolic activation: None Without metabolic activation: None Precipitation conc: None Genotoxic effects: + ?  With metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Without metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Method: OECD Guideline 473 ( Ninth Addendum; February 1998)

28 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Granular triple super phosphate ( GTSP): 100% References: Gudi, R. and Brown, C. 2001. In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test: Granular Triple Super Phosphate ( GTSP). BioReliance Study No. AA43RC. 331. BTL.

5.6 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VIVO Type: Mitotic chromosome anomalies Species/ strain: Albino Swiss mice Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ X] Route of Administration: Ingestion with food Exposure period: 7 days Doses: 500 mg/ day Results: Genotoxic effects: + ?  [ X] [ ] [ ] Method: Single superphosphate was fed to 7 10 week old mice for seven days at a rate of 500 mg/ day after mixing with basic food. Their bone marrow was separated from both femura and slides were prepared. Screening of any chromosomal abnormalities was made in 300 well spread metaphase plates. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Single super phosphate ( H4 P2 O8 ) Remarks: Of the 300 metaphase plates, 90 abnormal ones were found in treated animals in contrast to 15 among the controls, a six fold increase in chromosomal abnormalities. Among the gross types, clumping and stickiness of chromosomes as well as pulverization were observed. Among the individual types, the breaks were in the form of subchromatidal and chromatidal nature. Translocations, gaps, and constrictions were also observed. The frequency of chromosomal abnormality relative to controls increased by 40% whereas that of gross and individual types was by 5 and 35%, respectively. The breaking points of the affected chromosomes were somewhat localized in the distal region. According to the authors, single superphosphate, when administered to mammals, is clastogenic and appears to be mutagenic. References: Chaurasia, O. P. and Sinha, S. P. 1988. Induction of mitotic chromosome anomalies in mice by single super phosphate. Cytologia 53: 485 489.

29 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 5.7 CARCINOGENICITY Remarks: No data available.

5.8 TOXICITY TO REPRODUCTION Remarks: No data available.

5.9 DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY/ TERATOGENICITY Remarks: No data available.

5.10 OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION Type: General information on phosphates Remarks: Orthophosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the gastrointestinal tract. The transport of phosphate from the lumen of the gut is an active, energy dependent process, and there are factors that appear to modify the degree of its intestinal absorption. Vitamin D stimulates phosphate absorption, and this effect has been reported to precede the action of the vitamin on transport of calcium ion. In general, in adults, about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed from the bowel, and that which is absorbed from the gut is almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, there is a positive balance of phosphate. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This " hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is hypothesized to explain the physiological " anemia" of childhood. Reference: Gilman. Pharm Basis Therap 8th Ed. 1990. p. 1501. ( cited in HSDB 1999).

5.11 EXPERIENCE WITH HUMAN EXPOSURE ( a) Results: LDLO = 500 mg/ kg bw in humans Remarks: The minimum lethal dose of superphosphates ( SSP or TSP) as listed in a review of clinical toxicology of commercial products. The basis for this value cannot be determined because it came from an unavailable tertiary reference source.

30 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Reference: European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

( b) Remarks: Several studies were reported in IUCLID that review effects observed in workers engaged in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizer. The primary effects fluorosis, corneal sensitivity, and changes in external respiration indexes   were related to exposure to fluoride. References: The following sources were cited in European Commission 1996: 1) Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Volume 2. 1983. Superphosphates, p. 1680   AU Chauderon, J. 2) Fabbri, L., De Rosa, E., Potenze, I., Mapp, C., Rossi, A., Brignanti, F., Forin, F. 1974. Med. Lav. 69( 5): 594 64. 3) Article mentioned by J. L. Martin for Fertilizer Institute: Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts. 1982. p. 241. 4) Lisina, N. A. 1974. Zdravookhr. Kar. ( 10) 52. Article mentioned by J. L. Martin in a report prepared for The Fertilizer Institute: Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts. 1982. p. 244. 5) Toneva, L., Peneva, M. 1985. Chem. Abst. 102: 208633r. 6) Akhundov, R. F. et al. 1980. Chem. Abst. 92: 115669s. 7) Nekhamkis, A. N. 1976. Chem. Abst. 84: 34944k.

( c) Remarks: Excess inhalation of dust may cause irritation of the nose, throat and respiratory tract. Prolonged and repeated contact may cause mild irritation to the skin. In contact with the eyes, dust may cause irritation, redness and abrasion. Ingestion of large amounts of dust may cause gastrointestinal upset and abdominal pain. Reference: MSDS, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety ( cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.).

( d) Results: Overall, no statistically significant elevations in cause specific mortality were observed for the entire study population. However, when the analysis was stratified by duration of employment and length of follow up, a statistically significant ( P < .05) excess in lung cancer mortality was observed among workers with more than 31 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) 10 years of employment and follow up ( standardized mortality ratio = 411). Because of the small number of deaths involved, and because of a prior knowledge of a lung cancer cluster at this plant, the authors ( NIOSH) state that these findings should be viewed as suggestive, and that other investigations in plants with similar exposures are needed to clarify whether an occupationally related lung cancer excess truly exists. Remarks: A retrospective cohort mortality study of phosphate fertilizer production workers was undertaken to determine whether this group is at increased risk of dying from any cause, particularly from lung cancer. A total of 3,199 subjects who worked at a phosphate fertilizer production facility from 1953 1976 were followed through the end of 1977. Reference: Stayner, L. T., Meinhardt, T., Lemen, R., Bayliss, D., Herrick. R., Reeve, G. R., Smith, A. B., and Halperin, W. 1985. A retrospective cohort mortality study of a phosphate fertilizer production facility. Arch. Environ. Health 40: 133 138.

6. REFERENCES Akhundov, R. F. et al. 1980. Chem. Abst. 92: 115669s.

Atkinton, F. 1966. Nature 211: 429 30. Article mentioned by Martin, J. L. ( 1982). A report prepared for The Fertilizer Institute in " Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts."

Article mentioned by J. L. Martin for Fertilizer Institute: Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts. 1982. p. 241.

Aufderheide, J. A. and Bussard, J. B. 2000. Toxicity of granular triple superphosphate ( GTSP) to the unicellular green alga, Selenastrum capricornutum. ABC Labs Study No. 46208.

Budavari. Merck Index 12th Ed. 1996. p. 1736.

Chaurasia, O. P. and Sinha, S. P. 1988. Induction of mitotic chromosome anomalies in mice by single super phosphate. Cytologia. 53: 485 489.

Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, Volume 2. 1983. Superphosphates, p. 1680   AU Chauderon, J.

European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.

Fabbri, L., De Rosa, E., Potenze, I., Mapp, C., Rossi, A., Brignanti, F. and Forin, F. 1974. Med. Lav. 69( 5): 594 64. Article mentioned by J. L. Martin for Fertilizer Institute: Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts. 1982. p. 241.

32 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Gilman. Pharm Basis Therap 8th Ed. 1990. p. 1501. ( cited in HSDB 1999).

Gudi, R. and Brown, C. 2001. In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test: granular triple super phosphate ( GTSP). BioReliance Study No. AA43RC. 331. BTL.

Hazardous Substances Data Bank ( HSDB). 1999. Calcium Superphosphate . National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 2002. GTSP: 4 Week General Toxicity and Reproductive/ Developmental Toxicity Screening Test. Study Number WBG 002/ 022949.

Ivy, R. E., Sullivan, T. W., Goldner, W. J., Graff, C. R., Peo, F. R. Jr. 1972. Poultry science Association Annual Meeting. Article mentioned by Martin , J. L. ( 1982) In " Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate." Kemira Ince Ltd. Ince, Chester. [ cited in European Commission 1996].

Konar, S. K. and Sarkar, S. K. 1983. Acute toxicity of agricultural fertilizers to fishes. Geobios 10: 6 9.

Labadie, M., Nicolas, A., Breton, J. C., Pestre Alexandre, M. 1972. Rev. Med. Vet. 123 ( 7): 931 936.

Lauriente, D. H. 1996. Normal superphosphate ( abstract). Chemical Economic Handbook. p. 760 5500 A.

Lauriente, D. H. 1996. Triple superphosphate ( abstract). Chemical Economic Handbook. p. 760 5000 A.

Lide, D. R. ( ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 1991. 72nd ed. Boston: CRC Press.

Lisina, N. A. 1974. Zdravookhr. Kar. ( 10) 52. Article mentioned by J. L. Martin in a report prepared for The Fertilizer Institute: Review of the literature on the toxicity of phosphate salts. 1982. p. 244.

MSDS, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health & Safety ( cited in European Commission. 2000. Superphosphate, Concd. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD   ROM edition.).

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33 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Nekhamkis, A. N. 1976. Chem. Abst. 84: 34944k.

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34 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) APPENDIX A   SIDS Data Availability Summary Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Explanation of Appendix A Appendix A is a SIDS Data Summary table that provides an overview of availability and quality of the data used in this Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary for Single Superphosphate and Granular Triple Superphosphate. Y ( Yes) and N ( No) designations indicate whether data are available that meet the criteria for each column. The columns are described as:

Information: Data exist that were useful for describing the data element. These data may be from standard laboratory tests or from generally recognized published sources or professional experience.

OECD Study: The data were developed using standard OECD or essentially similar ( e. g., EPA harmonized protocols) guidelines.

GLP: The data were developed under standard Good Laboratory Practice provisions. These generally represent the highest quality data.

Other Study: Studies were conducted that could not be definitively identified as following OECD or GLP protocols. These studies were included when they were determined to be of adequate quality and provided relevant information to the characterization of the compound.

Estimation Method: In some cases, data may be estimated using established structure activity relationships. These methods are common for physical chemical parameters such as octanol water partition coefficients and water solubility.

Acceptable: This column indicates whether the data are deemed acceptable by standard acceptability criteria and professional judgment. Only the data meeting adequacy standards are included in this summary document.

SIDS Testing Recommended: This column indicates whether additional testing is recommended based on an evaluation of the available data summarized in this document. It is generally not necessary to fill all of the apparent data gaps in order to adequately characterize the inherent hazard of chemicals. Information from other data elements and from other chemicals in the category, along with professional judgment, are useful in the final determination of the need for further testing.

Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA AVAILABILITY SUMMARY DATE: January 27, 2003 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) Information OECD Study GLP Other Study Estimated Method Acceptable SIDS Testing Recommend STUDY Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Melting Point Boiling Point Density Vapor Pressure Partition Coefficient Water Solubility pH and pKa Values Auto Flammability Flammability Explosive Properties Oxidizing Properties Oxidation: Reduction Potential Y N Y N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y  Y   Y Y      N N N N N N N N N N N N OTHER P/ C STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N Y N Y N ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 Photodegradation Stability in Water Monitoring Data Transport and Distribution Biodegradation Bioaccumulation N N N Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N    Y Y  N N N N N N OTHER ENV FATE STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N N N Y N ECOTOXICITY 4.1 4.2A 4.2B 4.3 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 Acute Toxicity to Fish Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Acute Toxicity to Other Aquatic Organisms Toxicity to Algae Chronic Toxicity to Fish Chronic Toxicity to Daphnia Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Toxicity to Birds Y Y Y Y N N N Y N N N N Y N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y    Y  N N N N N N N N N OTHER ECOTOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N TOXICITY 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.11 Acute Oral Acute Inhalation Acute Dermal Skin and Eye Irritation Skin Sensitization Repeated Dose Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation . Chromosomal aberration Genetic Toxicity in vivo Carcinogencity Reproduction Toxicity Development/ Teratogenicity Human Experience Y N N Y N Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N N N N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y N N N N Y N N Y N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N Y   Y  Y Y Y Y  Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N OTHER TOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N Y N Y N Appendix B   SIDS Data Summaries for the Phosphate Compounds Category: Diammonium Phosphate, Liquid Polyphosphate, Monoammonium Phosphate, and Super Phosphates Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5) Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Diammonium Phosphate Liquid Polyphosphate Monoammonium Phosphate SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 155 ° C 190 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point Decomposes Decomposes 2.3 Density 0.93 1.619 g/ mL at 20o C 1.43 g/ mL at 60o C 1.83 g/ mL at 25o C 2.4 Vapor Pressure < 100 Pa at 20 ° C < 100 Pa at 20 ° C 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient 2.6A Water Solubility 588 g/ L at 20 ° C Miscible 328 g/ L at 20 ° C 2.6B pH and pKa values ~ 8 6.5 7 4.2 in 0.2M aqueous solution 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable Not flammable Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable Not applicable Not flammable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable Not flammable Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties Not explosive Not explosive Not explosive 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Not an oxidizer Not an oxidizer 2.12 Oxidation:

Reduction Potential 2.13A Additional Data See text Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Diammonium Phosphate Liquid Polyphosphate Monoammonium Phosphate SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation 3.1.2 Stability in Water Stable Stable Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Stable Behave as salts Stable 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 6.5 x 10 15 % to air 45.3% to water 54.6% to soil 0.0755% to sediment Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 3.98 x 10 12 % to air 45.3% to water 54.6% to soil 0.0755% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation Phosphorus cycle is well understood Phosphorus cycle is well understood Phosphorus cycle is well understood 3.7 Bioaccumulation Doesnot bioaccumulate Does not bioaccumulate Doesnot bioaccumulate Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Diammonium Phosphate Liquid Polyphosphate Monoammonium Phosphate SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Coho salmon, Chinook salmon, Rainbow trout, Bluegill, Largemout h bass, Tilapia, Fathead minnow 96 hrs LC50 = 90 1,875 mg/ L Oncorhync hus mykiss 96 hrs LC50 = > 101 mg/ L Oncorhync hus mykiss 96 hrs LC50 = > 85.9 mg/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicityto Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna Amphipod 96 hrs. LC50 = 40 52 mg/ L Snail, Worm 96 hrs. LC50 = 1,005

2,472 mg/ L 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Selenas

trum capricor

nutum 72 hrs NOEC ( toxicity)

= 97.1 mg DAP/ L NOEC ( stimulation) =

3.57 mg DAP/ L 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Diammonium Phosphate Liquid Polyphosphate Monoammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Diammonium Phosphate Liquid Polyphosphate Monoammonium Phosphate SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat OECD425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat OECD402 LD50 > 5000 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD402 LD50 > 5,000 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD402 LD50 > 5000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Irritant Mild irritant 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion Irritant Mild irritant 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 250 mg/ kg/ day 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhim

urium Bacterial reverse mutation assay ( OECD 471) Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster ovaries Chromosome aberration test ( OECD 473) Negative 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo 5.7 Carcinogenicity 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1500 mg/ kg/ day 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1500 mg/ kg/ day 5.10 Metabolism and Toxicokinetics Seetext Seetext 5.11 Human Experience Seetext Seetext Seetext Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Diammonium Phosphate Liquid Polyphosphate Monoammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 NoTLV established TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Super Phosphates SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 110 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point 2.3 Density 1,035 kg/ m3 2.4 Vapor Pressure 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient 2.6A Water Solubility 18 g/ L at 20 ° C 2.6B pH and pKa values 2.8 2.9 in 10%

water suspension 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability 2.9 Flammability 2.10 Explosive Properties 2.11 Oxidizing Properties 2.12 Oxidation:

Reduction Potential 2.13A AdditionalData Diammonium Phosphate ( DAP)

CAS # 7783 28 0 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Super Phosphates SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation 3.1.2 Stability in Water 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Stable 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 1x10 6 % to air 49.8% to water 50.1% to soil 0.092% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation Biodegradable 3.7 Bioaccumulation Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5)

Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Super Phosphates SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Tilapia mossambica 96 hrs LC50 = 1,560

5,900 ppm 4.2A Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia carinata LC50 = 1,790

1,825 mg/ L 4.2B Acute Toxicity to Other Aquatic Organisms Moina micrura,

Cyclops viridis 72 hrs LC50 = 1,625

2,305 ppm Branchiura sowerbyi, Planorbis exustus, Lymnaea leuteola, Viviparus bengalensis,

Chironomus sp 96 hrs LC50 = 1,133

5,005 ppm 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Selenastrum capricornu

tum OECD 201 NOEC ( toxicity) =

87.6 mg/ L NOEC ( stimulation) =

21.6 mg/ L 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5)

Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Super Phosphates DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Aquatic Invertebrates 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Seetext 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5)

Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 DATA ELEMENTS Super Phosphates SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Sheep LD50 = 5,000

6,000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Mild irritant 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion Mild irritant 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 750 mg/ kg/ day 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimuriu m OECD 471 Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster ovaries OECD 473 Negative 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Mice Chromosome aberration Clastogenic,

possibly mutagenic 5.7 Carcinogenicity 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 750 mg/ kg/ day 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 750 mg/ kg/ day Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5)

Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE PHOSPHATE CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Single Superphosphate ( CAS # 8011 76 5)

Triple Superphosphate ( CAS # 65996 95 4)

Super Phosphates DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.10 Mend See tabolism a Toxicokinetics text 5.11 H uman Experience l Seetext 1.8 O ccupationa Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3