Ranges of Chronic RQs ** by Body Weight Exposure Scenario ( Crop) 15 g 35 g 1000 g Pecan, Grasses grown for seed 0.02  1.51 0.02   1.29 0.0   0.69 Stone Fruits 0.02   1.13 0.01   0.96 0.01   0.52 Turf and Ornamentals, ground cover 0.18   13 0.16   11 0.08   6 * Based on an EPA default 35 foliar dissipation half life. ** Represent a variety of food items, including short grass; tall grass; broadleaf plants and small insects; and fruits, pods, seeds, and large insects. RQs in bold are above EPA's level of concern ( LOC).

When the Agency revised the chronic dose based RQs using chemical specific foliar dissipation half life data, almost all pecan, stone fruit, and grasses grown for seed chronic RQs do not exceed the Agency's chronic LOC of 1 except for the smallest weight class of mammal feeding on short grass in pecans ( the RQ only barely exceeds at 1.04). For turf, chronic RQs do not exceed the Agency's chronic LOC for all weight classes of mammals feeding on fruits, pods, large insects/ seeds; however, turf RQs exceed the Agency's chronic LOC for mammals feeding on short and tall grass, and broadleaf plants and small insects.

Table 17b. Revised Chronic Dose Based RQs for Terrestrial Mammals Exposed to Propiconazole ( 14.4 day half life) * Ranges of Chronic RQs** by Body Weight Exposure Scenario ( Crop) 15 g 35 g 1000 g Pecan, Grasses grown for seed 0.01   1.04 0.01   0.89 0.01   0.47 Stone Fruits 0.00   0.89 0.01   0.76 0.01   0.41 Turf and Ornamentals, ground cover 0.13   9.64 0.11   8.23 0.06   4.41 * Based on a chemical specific 14.4 day foliar dissipation half life. ** Represent a variety of food items, including short grass; tall grass; broadleaf plants and small insects; and fruits, pods, seeds, and large insects. RQs in bold are above EPA's level of concern ( LOC).

Avian acute RQs based on the default 35 day foliar dissipation half life do not exceed the Agency's LOC of 0.5 except RQs for the smallest weight class of birds feeding on short grass 45 derived from maximum residues from multiple applications to turf and ornamental uses ( see bolded numbers in Table 18a). When these RQs were revised using chemical specific foliar dissipation half life data, only the RQ of 0.53 for smallest weight class of bird feeding on short grass exceeds the LOC of 0.5 ( Table 18b). However, RQs based on predicted maximum residues and multiple applications to turf and ornamentals exceed the listed species LOC of 0.1 for all weight classes of birds feeding on short grass and tall grass and for smaller birds feeding on broadleaf forage and small insects based. For RQs based on predicted, mean residues resulting from multiple applications to turf and ornamentals, only birds feeding on short grass exceed the endangered species LOC. No other exposure scenarios result in RQs that exceed the Agency's LOCs. Acute RQs are summarized in Tables 18a and b below; ranges are based on a variety of food items, weight classes of birds, and number of applications.

Dietary based avian chronic RQs presented in Table 18a show that the chronic LOC is slightly exceeded for use of propiconazole on turf. However, chronic data for birds showed no treatment related effects at any of the test levels up to 1000 mg/ kg diet and, as such, a LOAEC could not be determined. Consequently, the actual NOAEC could be much greater than that observed in the study used to assess chronic avian risk and the RQs could be lower. Dietary based chronic avian RQs only exceeded the LOC for multiple applications to turf and the highest RQ was 1.3 ( Chronic LOC is 1). In addition, these RQs have been further refined by using chemicalspecific foliar dissipation half life data resulting in a maximum RQ of only 1.02 ( Table 18a). Based on the lack of observed effects in the chronic study, and the fact that RQs based on this study only slightly exceed the LOC, the Agency does not consider there to be chronic avian risks of concern for propiconazole.

Table 18a. Acute and Chronic RQs for Birds Exposed to Propiconazole ( 35 day half life).*

Ranges of Acute RQs** Ranges of Chronic RQs** Exposure Scenario ( Crop) Based on Maximum Residues Based on Mean Residues Based on Single Application Based on Multiple Applications Barley, Rye, Triticale 0.00   0.02 0.00   0.01 0.0016   0.027 NA Wheat 0.00   0.02 0.00   0.00 0.0021   0.034 0.0011   0.02 Pecan, Grasses grown for seed 0.00   0.08 0.00   0.03 0.0034   0.054 0.009   0.149 Corn, Celery 0.00   0.03 0.00   0.01 0.0   0.03 0.0   0.05 Peanut 0.00   0.06 0.00   0.02 0.00   0.05 0.01   0.1 Rice, Wild Rice 0.00   0.1 0.00   0.03 0.0034   0.054 0.004   0.08 Stone Fruits 0.00   0.061 0.00   0.02 0.0017   0.027 0.007   0.112 Turf and Ornamentals, ground cover 0.00   0.70 0.00   0.25 0.027   0.427 0.08   1.3 Turf and Ornamentals, lawns, turf, golf courses 0.00   0.63 0.00   0.22 0.027   0.427 0.074   1.18 46 Table 18a. Acute and Chronic RQs for Birds Exposed to Propiconazole ( 35 day half life).*

Ranges of Acute RQs** Ranges of Chronic RQs** Exposure Scenario ( Crop) Based on Maximum Residues Based on Mean Residues Based on Single Application Based on Multiple Applications Turf and Ornamentals, sod farm 0.00   0.54 0.00   0.19 0.027   0.427 0.06   1.02 * Based on an EPA default 35 foliar dissipation half life. ** Represent a variety of food items, including short grass; tall grass; broadleaf plants and small insects; and fruits, pods, seeds, and large insects. RQs are also based on different weight classes of birds and single and multiple applications. RQs in bold are above EPA's level of concern ( LOC).

Table 18b. Revised Acute and Chronic RQs for Birds Exposed to Propiconazole ( 14.4 day half life).*

Exposure Scenario ( Crop) Ranges of Acute RQs ( based on multiple applications) Ranges of Chronic RQs ( based on multiple applications)

Turf and Ornamentals, ground cover 0.00   0.53 0.06   0.96 Turf and Ornamentals, lawns, turf, golf courses 0.00   0.45 0.05   0.81 Turf and Ornamentals, sod farm 0.00   0.37 0.04   0.66 * Based on a chemical specific 14.4 day foliar dissipation half life. ** Represent a variety of food items, including short grass; tall grass; broadleaf plants and small insects; and fruits, pods, seeds, and large insects. RQs are also based on different weight classess of birds and single and multiple applications. RQs in bold are above EPA's level of concern ( LOC).

Non Target Insects & Other Terrestrial Organisms. EPA currently does not estimate RQs for terrestrial non target insects. In addition, there were no data on non target terrestrial insects, such as honeybees. Propiconazole does not appear to have any adverse effects on soil microbes as evidenced by soil biochemical analysis. Also, propiconazole showed no toxicity to earthworms.

Non Target Terrestrial Plants. Terrestrial plants inhabiting dry and semi aquatic ( wetland) areas may be exposed to pesticides from runoff and/ or spray drift. Therefore, EPA estimated exposure to terrestrial plants using the Terr PLANT model based on the maximum label application rate, a default amount of runoff based on solubility, and default assumptions regarding drift. EECs for non target plants resulting from a single application of propiconazole are presented in Table 19. 47 Table 19. Propiconazole EECs derived from the Terr PLANT screening model ( and based on a single application)

Crop Application Rate ( lbs ai/ A) Application Method Total loading to adjacent areas ( lb ai/ A) Total loading to semi aquatic areas ( lb ai/ A) Drift EEC ( lb ai/ A)

Ground spray 0.0034 0.0236 0.0011 Stone fruit 0.1125 Aerial spray 0.0079 0.0281 0.0056 Ground spray 0.0024 0.0168 0.008 Wheat 0.08 Aerial spray 0.0056 0.020 0.004 Ground spray 0.0068 0.0473 0.0023 Grasses grown for seed, forage, fodder grasses 0.225 Aerial spray 0.0158 0.0563 0.0113 Ground spray 0.0534 0.3738 0.178 Turf and ornamentals   ground cover 1.78 Chemigation 0.12446 0.4450 0.089 EPA determines the potential effects a pesticide can produce in nontarget plants by reviewing guideline toxicity studies that describe acute effects toxicity information for various terrestrial plants. Tier 2 terrestrial plant data are available to show effect of technical propiconazole on both seedling emergence and vegetative vigor. The seedling emergence study considered percent emergence, plant height, and plant dry weight to determine the EC25 and NOAEC for each of the species tested at use rates of 0.0185, 0.056, 0.167, 0.5, and 1.5 lb ai/ A. The monocots tested included onion, corn, oats, and ryegrass. Although the dicot species included carrot, soybean, lettuce, cucumber, tomato, and cabbage, only cabbage showed a dose response sufficient to derive an EC25. The other dicot species appeared to be unaffected by the treatments. Therefore, for the purposes of risk assessment, the EC25 is assumed to be > 1.5 lb ai/ A for all of these species except cabbage. The EC25 for cabbage is 0.18 lb ai/ A, and the NOAEC is 0.056 lb ai/ A based on plant dry weight. The vegetative vigor study was performed using the same species and application rates as the seedling emergence studies. Plant height and plant dry weight were the parameters measured to determine a dose response. Ryegrass was determined to be the most sensitive monocot based on plant height, with an EC25 of 0.315 lb ai/ A and a NOAEC of 0.0185 lb ai/ A. As with the seedling emergence study, cabbage was the most sensitive dicot based on plant dry weight, with an EC25 of 0.039 lb ai/ A and a NOAEC of 0.056 lb ai/ A. These data are summarized in Table 20 below.

Table 20. Acute Toxicity of Propiconazole to Terrestrial Plants Species EC25 ( lb ai/ A) NOAEC/ EC05 ( lb ai/ A) Effect Monocot Onion, corn, oat, rygrass > 1.5 1.5 Seedling emergence: emergence, shoot length, dry weight Ryegrass 0.315 0.0185 Vegetative vigor: plant height 48 Table 20. Acute Toxicity of Propiconazole to Terrestrial Plants Species EC25 ( lb ai/ A) NOAEC/ EC05 ( lb ai/ A) Effect Dicot 0.18 0.056 Seedling emergence: plant dry weight Cabbage 0.039 0.056 Vegetative vigor: plant dry weight EC25   25% Effect Concentration, statistically derived single dose or concentration that can be expected to cause effects in 25% of the test organisms; EC 05   5% Effect Concentration, statistically derived single dose or concentration that can be expected to cause effects in 5% of the test organisms; NOAEC   No adverse effects concentration.

Although propiconazole is a fungicide, it poses a potential risk to terrestrial plants for some uses. The Agency calculated RQs for seedling emergence effects ( using total exposure from drift and runoff) and RQs for vegetative vigor for exposure via spray drift. RQs for nonlisted and listed plant species are presented in Table 21 below. This screening level risk assessment for nontarget terrestrial plants suggests potential adverse effects on seedling emergence from runoff and spray drift to adjacent fields and potential risk of adverse effects on vegetative vigor from spray drift alone. RQs are below the LOC except for nonlisted dicots based on use on turf and listed dicots based on use in grasses grown for seed, rice, wild rice, peanut, and turf use. The RQs for terrestrial dicots ( 2.1 2.5) exceed the acute LOC of 1.0 for terrestrial plants in semi aquatic areas at the maximum application rate for turf. The RQs for listed terrestrial dicots in semi aquatic areas is greater than the LOC for use on turf and ornamentals and equal to the LOC for use on grass grown for seed, rice, wild rice, peanut, and turf use. For monocots, RQs for listed species exceed the LOC for spray drift from propiconazole use on turf and ornamentals.

Table 21. Acute Risk Quotients for Terrestrial and Semi Aquatic Plants Exposed to Propiconazole Scenario RQs for Nonlisted Species* RQs for Listed Species**

adjacent to treated sites in semiaquatic areas adjacent to treated sites in semiaquatic areas Use Sites Application Method Total Exposure Drift Total Drift Total Drift Total Drift Nontarget Dicots Aerial 0.09 0.30 < 0/ 31 0.30 0.04 0.20 1.01 0.20 Grasses grown for seed, Rice, Wild rice, Peanut Ground 0.04 0.06 0.26 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.84 0.04 Ground 0.03 0.46 2.1 0.46 0.95 0.32 6.68 0.32 Turf and ornamentals   ground cover Chemigation 0.7 2.28 2.47 2.28 2.23 1.59 7.95 1.59 Nontarget Monocots Aerial < 0.01 0.036 < 0.06 < 0.04 0.01 0.61 0.04 0.61 Grasses grown for seed, Rice, Wild rice, Peanut Ground < 0.005 0.007 < 0.03 0.007 0.005 0.12 0.03 0.12 Ground < 0.04 0.06 < 0.25 0.06 0.036 0.96 0.25 0.96 Turf and ornamentals   ground cover Chemigation < 0.08 0.28 < 0.3 0.28 0.083 4.81 0.30 4.81 * RQs for nonlisted species are based on EC25 ; ** RQs for listed species based on NOAEC or EC05. Total exposure includes runoff and drift ; drift is from spray drift alone. RQs for total exposure based on seedling emergence endpoint; RQs for spray drift are based on vegetative vigor endpoint. 49 EPA's screening level model Terr PLANT assumes that a certain default fraction of total pesticide applied will be transported to adjacent fields via surface runoff and spray drift. For propiconazole, Terr PLANT assumes that a default value of 2% propiconazole applied is available to nontarget plants in adjacent fields. Terr PLANT calculates exposure based only on a single application, whereas propiconazole labels allow for multiple applications of propiconazole ( i. e., as many as 5 applications to stone fruit). Therefore, Terr PLANT may potentially underestimate exposure and risk to plants. However, the effects of multiple applications would only be additive if the affected plants could not recover from the effects of successive applications. Furthermore, there is uncertainty in the likelihood of co exposure of spray drift and runoff, particularly after subsequent applications.

To address uncertainties in the Terr PLANT model and further characterize the risk to nontarget terrestrial plants from runoff, EPA compared the EEC of 0.37 lb ai/ A from a single application of 1.78 lb ai/ A of propiconazole to turf, with peak runoff EECs simulated by PRIZM over 30 years. The transport of propiconazole from the peak runoff event for each of 30 years simulated by PRZM ranged from 0.009 lb ai/ A to 0.245 lb ai/ A. These EECs, which reflect 4 applications of propiconazole at 1.78 lb ai/ A, would result in acute RQs ranging from 0.05 to 1.4 if used in the risk assessment. Peak storm events simulated by PRZM would result in RQs at or above the LOC of 1.0 in 6 of the 30 years simulated, indicating a potential risk to plants adjacent to treated fields under certain conditions if the maximum rate and number of applications are applied. Additional details of this assessment may be found in the July 18, 2006 document, Terrestrial Plant Runoff Risk Assessment for Propiconazole on Turf Using PRZM. Use data indicate that typical rates in the states with the greatest use range from 0.7 to 1.2 lbs ai/ A. Since these typical rates are at least 1/ 3 less than the maximum rate, the 25% effect on seedling emergence represented by the toxicity endpoint might occur even less frequently than suggested by the PRZM model output.

EPA also used the AG DRIFT model, which simulates spray drift at various distances from the site of application, to further characterize exposure and risk to nontarget terrestrial plants. Pesticide application was simulated using low boom ground spray equipment to turf, using nozzles which produce a very fine to fine droplet size spectrum. Using the 90th percentile drift data generated by the Spray Drift Task Force on which AgDrift is based, the model predicted the distances to which point exposure would be equivalent to the EC25 values for various crops tested in the propiconazole vegetative vigor studies. As shown in Table 22 below, an AgDRIFT simulation for the four most sensitive plants in a vegetative vigor study showed that spray drift RQs from ground application of propiconazole to turf would exceed the LOC to distances of 3 ft, 7 ft, 13 ft and 43 ft, assuming 10 mph wind perpendicular to the spray path.

Table 22. Distance Where Spray Drift Deposition Equals EC25 Following Spray Application to Turf Vegetative Vigor EC25 for Sensitive Test Crops Corn 0.968 lb ai/ A Onion 0.334 lb ai/ A Soybean 0.16 lb ai/ A Cabbage 0.039 lb ai/ A Distance of Spray Drift Deposition with Ag DRIFT following application of 1.78 lb ai/ A to Turf 3.3 ft 6.6 ft 13.1 ft 42.7 ft The results indicate that exposure that would result in risk quotients at the acute LOC would be expected to occur within 50 feet of turf treated with propiconazole. An additional calculation was 50 done to determine the distance at which point deposition would be equivalent to the lowest NOAEC in the vegetative vigor test ( 0.0185 lb ai/ A for ryegrass). The calculated distance of 91.86 feet suggests that listed plants more than 100 feet of a treated field may be at less risk.

The next highest application rate for propiconazole after turf is 0.225 lb ai/ acre for grasses grown for seed, pecan, and rice, which is lower than the EC25 for all but soybeans and cabbage in the vegetative vigor test. However, drift from aerial application of 0.225 lb ai/ acre could result in point deposition equal to the cabbage vegetative vigor EC25 of 0.039 lb ai/ A up to a distance of 49 feet, assuming a default fine to medium droplet size spectrum. Drift from aerial application of 0.225 lb ai/ acre could result in point deposition equal to the ryegrass vegetative vigor NOAEC of 0.0185 lb ai/ A up to a distance of 118 feet, assuming the same fine to medium droplet size spectrum.

b. Aquatic Organisms Freshwater and Estuarine/ Marine Fish and Invertebrates. To assess potential risks to aquatic animals, the Agency considers predicted estimated environmental concentrations ( EECs) in surface water using the Tier II model PRZM/ EXAMS. Unlike the drinking water assessment described in the human health risk assessment section of this document, the exposure values used in the ecological risk assessment consider pesticide transport as a result of runoff, erosion, off target spray drift, and environmental fate of pesticides in surface water but do not include the Index Reservoir ( IR) and Percent Cropped Area ( PCA) factor refinements. These factors represent a drinking water reservoir, not the variety of aquatic habitats relevant to a risk assessment for aquatic animals, such as ponds adjacent to treated fields. Therefore, the EEC values used to assess exposure and risk to aquatic animals are not the same as those used to assess exposure and risk to humans from pesticides in drinking water.

The EECs of propiconazole used in the ecological risk assessment are summarized in Table 23 below. The highest EEC is 86.5 and is associated with the use of propiconazole on rice. The rice scenario represents the most conservative aquatic exposure estimate of the potential exposure scenarios for propiconazole; the rice EEC value of 86.5 ppb represents paddy discharge water with consideration of adsorption, degradation, and dilution but does not account for degradation after discharge. The turf scenario represents the next highest EECs; this scenario assumes use at the maximum rate, maximum number of applications, and minimum time interval between applications.

Table 23. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Propiconazole in Surface Water Use Scenario and State Peak ( µ g/ L) 96 hour average ( µ g/ L) 21 day average ( µ g/ L) 60 day average ( µ g/ L) 90 day average ( µ g/ L)

Wheat ND 3.70 3.64 3.41 3.12 3.08 Grass Seed OR 5.69 5.63 5.41 5.06 4.95 Rice 86.5 71.1 34.2 17.8 11.9 Pecans GA 12.15 11.93 11.21 10.15 9.49 51 Table 23. Estimated Environmental Concentrations of Propiconazole in Surface Water Use Scenario and State Peak ( µ g/ L) 96 hour average ( µ g/ L) 21 day average ( µ g/ L) 60 day average ( µ g/ L) 90 day average ( µ g/ L)

Peaches GA 3.35 3.28 3.01 2.55 2.35 Sweet Corn FL 13.28 13.00 12.32 10.70 9.77 Sweet Corn OR 4.49 4.46 4.30 4.09 4.06 Dry Beans MI 6.49 6.41 6.17 5.83 5.64 Peanuts NC 7.00 6.89 6.49 6.16 5.75 Barley ( based on ND Wheat) 1.92 1.89 1.79 1.66 1.61 Celery ( based on FL Carrots) 9.83 9.68 9.12 7.07 5.97 Turf PA 40.35 39.59 37.28 34.83 33.98 Turf FL 34.77 34.09 31.14 27.93 27.04 EPA determines the potential effects a pesticide can produce in an aquatic organism by reviewing guideline toxicity studies that describe acute and chronic effects for various aquatic animals. Table 24 below summarizes the toxicity effects and reference values used to assess risk of propiconazole to aquatic organisms. No acceptable guideline chronic toxicity studies were available for propiconazole in estuarine/ marine fish; however, the LC50 for spot was 2244 ug/ L, compared with an LC50 of 850 ug/ L for rainbow trout.

Table 24. Propiconazole Toxicity Reference Values for Aquatic Organisms.

Exposure Scenario Species Exposure Duration Toxicity Reference Value ( ppb) Toxicity Category or Effect Acute rainbow trout 96 hours LC50 = 850 Highly toxic Freshwater Fish Chronic Fathead minnow Early life stage NOAEC = 95 Mortality, length, weight Acute Daphnia magna 96 hours LC50 = 4800 Slightly toxic Freshwater Invertebrate Chronic Daphnia magna Study not suitable for use in risk assessment Acute Spot 96 hours LC50 = 2244 Moderately toxic Estuarine/ Marine Fish Chronic No acceptable guideline studies were available Acute Mysid shrimp 96 hours LC50 = 510 Highly toxic Estuarine/ Marine Invertebrates Chronic Mysid shrimp Life cycle NOAEC = 205 Mortality and number of offspring 52 Table 25 presents acute and chronic RQs for both estuarine/ marine and freshwater fish and invertebrates. Based on the maximum 1 in 10 year peak surface water concentrations and the most sensitive 96 hour LC50 values for fish and aquatic invertebrates, all propiconazole RQs are less than the Agency's LOC for acute risk ( 0.5). However, the freshwater fish RQ is equal to the acute listed species LOC of 0.05 based on EECs in surface water from turf use in Pennsylvania, but does not exceed based on EECs in surface water from turf use in Florida. In addition, the estuarine/ marine fish acute RQ exceeds the listed species LOC based on rice use. And finally, the estuarine/ marine invertebrate acute RQs exceed the acute listed species LOC ( 0.05) for both the turf and rice uses. No LOCs were exceeded for any other crop to which propiconazole is applied; RQs for the other crops are significantly less than the turf RQ and the LOC and therefore were not included in Table 25.

Chronic RQs that for freshwater fish and for estuarine/ marine invertebrates do not exceed the Agency's chronic LOC of 1 based on average surface water concentrations of propiconazole resulting from both the turf and rice scenarios and available toxicity data. These RQs are presented in Table 25 below. As previously mentioned, the Agency does not have adequate chronic toxicity data to assess chronic risks from propiconazole uses to estuarine/ marine fish or freshwater invertebrates. There is a data gap for these studies; however, the existing data may be upgraded.

Table 25. Summary of Acute and Chronic Risk Quotients for Aquatic Organisms Exposed to Propiconazole.

Freshwater RQs Estuarine/ Marine RQs Crop Scenario EECs ( ppb) Fish Invertebrates Fish Invertebrates Acute Risks Turf 40.35 ( peak) 0.05 0.008 0.02 0.08 Rice 86.5 0.1 0.02 0.04 0.17 Chronic Risks Turf 34.8 ( fish   60 day average) 37.3 ( invertebrate   21 day average) 0.36 No data No data 0.18 Rice 17.81 ( fish   60 day average) 34.24 ( invertebrates   60 day average) 0.19 No data No data 0.17 Aquatic Plants. EPA determines the potential effects a pesticide can produce in aquatic plants by reviewing guideline toxicity studies that describe acute and chronic effects for various aquatic plants. Table 25 summarizes the toxicity data used to assess risk of propiconazole to aquatic plants. These studies showed that the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, is the most senstive aquatic plants species of those tested with a NOAEC of 18 ug/ L. The NOAEC is used to calculate acute listed species RQs and the EC50 is used to calculate acute RQs for aquatic plants. 53 Table 26. Acute Toxicity of Propiconazole to Aquatic Plants Species EC50 ( ug ai/ L) NOAEC/ EC05 ( ug ai/ L) Effect Vascular Plants Duckweed ( Lemna gibba) 4828 < 2540 Frond count Non Vascular Plants Freshwater diatom ( Navicula pelliculosa) 93 51 Dry cell weight Blue green algae ( Skeletonema costatum) 21 < 18 Dry cell weight As shown in Table 27 below, the use of propiconazole on rice and turf may present risk to non vascular estuarine/ marine plants; both the acute and listed species RQs exceed the LOC of 1. In addition, the use of propiconazole on rice may present an acute risk to listed freshwater non vascular plants; the listed species RQs exceed the LOC of 1.

The RQs for freshwater vascular plants based on both turf and rice use and the RQs for freshwater non vascular plants based on turf use do not exceed the LOC. In addition, RQs based on EECs for other crops do not exceed the Agency's LOC and are therefore not presented in Table 27 below. As previously mentioned, the highest modeled EECs are for the use of propiconazole on rice.

Table 27. Risk Quotients for Aquatic Plants Exposed to Propiconazole.

Freshwater Vascular Plants Freshwater Non Vascular Plants Estuarine/ Marine Non Vascular Plants Crop EECs ( ppb) Listed Acute Listed Acute Listed Acute Turf   Florida 34.88 Not calculated, less than PA turf and not of concern > 1.93 1.66 Turf   Pennsylvania 40.35 > 0.016 0.008 0.79 0.43 > 2.24 1.92 Rice 86.5 > 0.03 0.02 1.7 0.93 > 4.81 4.12 RQs in bold are above EPA's level of concern ( LOC).

3. Endangered Species The screening level risk assessment for propiconazole indicates a potential for adverse effects on listed species as noted below, should exposure actually occur at modeled levels:

Terrestrial organisms   Mammals o Acute RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOCs for small mammals feeding on short grass, tall grass, broadleaf forage and small insects; 54 o Chronic RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOC for all mammals feeding on short grass, tall grass, broadleaf forage and small insects;   Birds o Acute RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOCs for all birds feeding on short grass and tall grass and for smaller birds feeding on broadleaf forage and small insects; o Chronic RQs for turf and ornamentals barely exceed the LOC. Although these RQs were based on a study that showed no effects at the highest dose tested; EPA cannot preclude potential adverse effects to listed species;   Plants o Acute RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOCs for listed terrestrial plants ( monocots and dicots) adjacent to treated sites and in semiaquatic areas; o Acute RQs for grasses grown for seed, rice, and peanuts are equal to the LOC for dicots in semi aquatic areas.

Aquatic Organisms   Freshwater o Acute fish RQ for Pennsylvania turf is equal to LOC for listed species; Florida turf scenario does not exceed LOC; o Acute fish RQ for rice exceeds LOC for listed species; o Because no data are available to evaluate chronic risks to freshwater invertebrates, EPA has a potential concern for listed species;   Estuarine/ Marine o Acute invertebrate RQs for turf and rice exceed LOC for listed species; o Because no data are available to evaluate chronic risks to estuarine/ marine fish, EPA has a potential concern for listed species;   Plants o Acute RQs for turf exceed LOCs for listed estuarine/ marine nonvascular plants; and o Acute RQs for rice exceed LOCs for listed freshwater and estuarine/ marine nonvascular plants.

These conclusions are based solely on EPA's screening level assessment and do not constitute " may effect" findings under the Endangered Species Act for any listed species.

4. Ecological Incidents EPA completed a review of the Ecological Incident Information System ( EIIS) database for ecological incidents involving propiconazole in November 2005. This database reported a total of six incidents associated with the use of propiconazole: four involving damage to terrestrial plants, and the remaining two involving damage to fish and shrimp. However, because no environmental sampling was conducted to evaluate pesticide residues, there is considerable uncertainty about the credibility of these incidents. Therefore, all of the propiconazole incidents were classified as having a " possible" rather than a " probable" or 55 " highly probable: association with propiconazole. No detailed information was available for the terrestrial plant incidents; therefore, the extent of damage and recovery is not known. IV. Risk Management, Reregistration, and Tolerance Reassessment A. Determination of Reregistration Eligibility Section 4( g)( 2)( A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether or not products containing the active ingredient are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic ( i. e., active ingredient specific) data required to support reregistration of products containing propiconazole as an active ingredient. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support reregistration of all products containing propiconazole.

The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary, occupational, residential, and ecological risk associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient propiconazole. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient propiconazole, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects to make decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that products containing the active ingredient propiconazole are eligible for reregistration provided that: ( i) required product specific data are submitted, ( ii) the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted, and ( ii) label amendments are made to reflect these measures. Necessary label changes are described in Section V. Appendix A summarizes the uses of propiconazole that are eligible for reregistration. Appendix B identifies the generic data requirements that the Agency reviewed as part of its determination of reregistration eligibility of propiconazole, and lists the submitted guideline studies that the Agency found acceptable. Data gaps are identified as generic data requirements that have not been satisfied with acceptable data.

Based on its evaluation of propiconazole, the Agency has determined that propiconazole products, unless labeled and used as specified in this document, would present risks inconsistent with FIFRA. Accordingly, should a registrant fail to implement any of the risk mitigation measures identified in this document, the Agency may take regulatory action to address the risk concerns from the use of propiconazole. If all changes outlined in this document are incorporated into the product labels, then all current risks for propiconazole will be adequately mitigated for the purposes of this determination under FIFRA. Once an Endangered Species assessment is completed, further changes to these registrations may be necessary as explained in Section III. B. 3. of this document.

B. Public Comments and Responses Through the Agency's public participation process, EPA worked with stakeholders and the public to reach the regulatory decisions for propiconazole. EPA released its preliminary risk assessments for propiconazole for public comment on February 15, 2006, for a 60 day public comment period ( Phase 3 of the public participation process). During the public 56 comment period on the risk assessments, which closed on April 17, 2006, the Agency received comments from the American Mushroom Institute, the University of Georgia, the University of Hawaii, the US Triazole Task Force, and the major technical registrants, Janssen Pharmaceutica Inc. and Syngenta Crop Protection. These comments in their entirety, responses to the comments, as well as the preliminary and revised risk assessments, are available in the public docket ( EPA HQ OPP 2005 0497) at the address given above and in the EPA's electronic docket at http:// www. regulations. gov.

C. Regulatory Position 1. Food Quality Protection Act Findings a. " Risk Cup" Determination As part of the FQPA tolerance reassessment process, EPA assessed the risks associated with this pesticide. The Agency has determined that, if the mitigation described in this document is adopted and labels are amended, human health risks as a result of exposures to propiconazole are within acceptable levels. In other words, EPA has concluded that the tolerances for propiconazole meet FQPA safety standards. In reaching this determination, EPA has considered the available information on the special sensitivity of infants and children, as well as exposures to propiconazole from all possible sources.

b. Determination of Safety to U. S. Population The Agency has determined that the established tolerances for propiconazole, with amendments and changes as specified in this document, meet the safety standards under the FQPA amendments to section 408( b)( 2)( D) of the FFDCA, and that there is a reasonable certainty no harm will result to the general population or any subgroup from the use of propiconazole. In reaching this conclusion, the Agency has considered all available information on the toxicity, use practices and exposure scenarios, and the environmental behavior of propiconazole and its free triazole degradates.

As discussed in Section III, the aggregate risks from propiconazole from food, drinking water, and residential exposure are not of concern. Furthermore, aggregate risks from the free triazoles ( 1,2,4 triazole, traizole acetic acid, and triazole alanine) are not of concern. The aggregate risk assessment for the free triazoles considers all currently registered uses of all triazole fungicides.

c. Determination of Safety to Infants and Children EPA has determined that the established tolerances for propiconazole, with amendments and changes as specified in this document, meet the safety standards under the FQPA amendments to section 408( b)( 2)( C) of the FFDCA, that there is a reasonable certainty of no harm for infants and children. The safety determination for infants and children considers factors on the toxicity, use practices and environmental behavior noted above for the general population, but also takes into account the possibility of increased dietary exposure 57 due to the specific consumption patterns of infants and children, as well as the possibility of increased susceptibility to the toxic effects of propiconazole residues in this population subgroup.

In determining whether or not infants and children are particularly susceptible to toxic effects from exposure to residues of propiconazole, the Agency considered the completeness of the hazard database for developmental and reproductive effects, the nature of the effects observed, and other information. On the basis of this information, the FQPA SF has been removed ( i. e., reduced to 1X) for propiconazole. In addition, the Agency determined whether infants and children show potential susceptibility from exposure to residues of the free triazole degradates 1,2,4 triazole, triazole acetic acid, and triazole alanine. EPA retained a 10X FQPA SF for 1,2,4 triazole based on nervous system effects and database uncertainties, including a data gap for acute and developmental neurotoxicity studies. ( A developmental neurotoxicity study is required for 1,2,4 triazole.) The Agency also retained a 10X FQPA SF for the triazole conjugates to address concerns for increased susceptibility seen in the available rat developmental toxicity and two generation reproduction and to address uncertainties associated with an incomplete database. There are data gaps for rabbit developmental toxicity studies with triazole alanine and triazole acetic acid, a chronic rat study with triazole alanine, and a combined 90 day/ subchronic neurotoxicity rat study for triazole acetic acid. The rationale for the decisions on the FQPA SF for both propiconazole and the free triazoles can be found in Section III and in the documents, Propiconazole   3X database uncertainty factor used in risk assessment, dated December 29, 2005 and 1,2,4 Triazole, Triazole Alanine, Triazole Acetic Acid: Human Health Aggregate Risk Assessment in Support of Reregistration and Registration Actions for Triazole derivative Fungicide Compounds, dated February 7, 2006, both of which may be found in the docket EPA HQ OPP 2005 0497.

2. Endocrine Disruptor Effects EPA is required under the FFDCA, as amended by FQPA, to develop a screening program to determine whether certain substances ( including all pesticide active and other ingredients) " may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogen, or other endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate." Following recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee ( EDSTAC), EPA determined that there was a scientific basis for including, as part of the program, the androgen and thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA also adopted EDSTAC's recommendation that EPA include evaluations of potential effects in wildlife. For pesticides, EPA will use FIFRA and, to the extent that effects in wildlife may help determine whether a substance may have an effect in humans, FFDCA authority to require the wildlife evaluations. As the science develops and resources allow, screening of additional hormone systems may be added to the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program ( EDSP). In the available toxicity studies on propiconazole, there was no evidence of estrogen, androgen, and/ or thyroid mediated toxicity. Although the available toxicity data for 1,2,4 triazole indicate potential estrogen, androgen, and thyroid effects, the Agency believes that the current risk assessment is protective of these effects. When additional appropriate screening and/ or testing protocols being considered by the Agency's EDSP have been developed, propiconazole may be subjected to further screening and/ or testing to better 58 characterize effects related to endocrine disruption.

3. Cumulative Risks Section 408( b)( 2)( D)( v) of FIFRA requires that, when considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the Agency consider " available information" concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and " other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity." Other substances are considered to account for the possibility that low level exposures to multiple chemical substances that cause a common effect by a common mechanism could lead to the same adverse health effect as would a higher level of exposure to each individual substance. For the purposes of this reregistration eligibility decision, EPA has concluded that propiconazole does not share a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. The Agency reached this conclusion after a thorough internal review and external review of the data supporting a common mechanism of toxicity for a number of chemical classes. Propiconazole and the other triazole fungicides share the common metabolites 1,2,4 triazole, triazole alanine, and triazole acetic acid, which are considered in this RED.

D. Tolerance Reassessment Summary 1. Tolerance Definition EPA has established tolerances for propiconazole in/ on animal and plant commodities under 40 CFR § 180.434. These tolerances are currently expressed in terms of the combined residues of propiconazole ( 1[[ 2( 2,4 dichlorophenyl) 4 propyl 1,3 dioxolan 2 yl] methyl] 1H 1,2,4 triazole) and its metabolites determined as residues converted to 2,4 dichlorobenzoic acid ( DCBA) and expressed as parent compound. As part of the tolerance reassessment for propiconazole, the tolerance expression should be revised to parent propiconazole per se, ( 1 [[ 2( 2,4 dichlorophenyl) 4propyl 1,3 dioxolan 2 yl] methyl] 1H 1,2,4 triazole). Because the analytical method is a common moiety method detecting all residues ( parent and metabolites) that are converted to DCBA, the field trial studies reported total residues, and tolerance levels based on these data may be overestimated. ( Future field trial studies should use a method that analyzes for both parent and metabolites.) Although the free triazoles are not included in tolerance expression; they are considered in the risk assessment supporting tolerance reassessment. A summary of the residues considered in the risk assessment and in the tolerance expression for propiconazole is given in Table 28.

Table 28. Summary of Propiconazole Residues of Concern for Tolerance Expression and Risk Assessment For Risk Assessment1 Matrix Propiconazole Free Triazoles For Tolerance Expression Plants, rotational crops, livestock Parent plus all metabolites convertible to 2,4 DCBA 1,2,4 triazole, triazole alanine, triazole acetic acid Parent only Water Parent only 1,2,4 triazole Not applicable 59 Table 28. Summary of Propiconazole Residues of Concern for Tolerance Expression and Risk Assessment For Risk Assessment1 Matrix Propiconazole Free Triazoles For Tolerance Expression 1Three risk assessments were conducted, one for propiconazole parent, one for 1,24, triazole, and a combined assessment for the triazole conjugates, triazole alanine and triazole acetic acid.

2. Tolerance Reassessment Summary The reassessments of tolerances for some commodities are contingent upon the implementation of requested label revision( s). The propiconazole tolerance reassessment is summarized in Table 29.

Table 29. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for Propiconazole Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Reassessed Tolerance, ppm Comment [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Tolerances Established Under 40 CFR § 180.434( a)

for Raw Agricultural Commodities ( RACs)

Banana 0.2 0.2 [ Banana]

Barley, grain 0.1 0.3 Available residue data for wheat support raising barley tolerance.

Barley, straw 1.5 15.0 Available residue data for wheat support raising the barley tolerance.

Cattle, fat 0.1 0.1 Maximum theoretical dietary burden ( MTDB) of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Cattle, kidney 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.01 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Cattle, liver 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.33 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Cattle, meat byproducts, except kidney and liver 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Cattle, meat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.04 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Celery 5.0 5.0 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Corn, field, grain 0.1 0.1 Tolerance expires on November 30, 2008.

Corn, field, stover 12 12 Tolerance expires on November 30, 2008.

Corn, field, forage 12 12 Tolerance expires on November 30, 2008. 60 Table 29. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for Propiconazole Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Reassessed Tolerance, ppm Comment [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Corn, sweet, kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.1 0.1 Tolerance expires on November 30, 2008.

Fruit, stone, group 12 1.0 1.0 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Goat, fat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Goat, kidney 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.01 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Goat, liver 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.33 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Goat, meat byproducts, except kidney and liver 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Goat, meat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.04 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Grass, forage 0.5 0.5 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Grass, hay 40 40 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Grass, straw 40 40 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Hog, fat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Hog, kidney 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.01 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Hog, liver 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.33 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Hog, meat byproducts, except kidney and liver 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Hog, meat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.04 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Horse, fat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Horse, kidney 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.01 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Horse, liver 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.33 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Horse, meat byproducts, except kidney and liver 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Horse, meat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.04 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level. 61 Table 29. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for Propiconazole Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Reassessed Tolerance, ppm Comment [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Milk 0.05 0.05 MTDB of 0.03 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Mushroom 0.1 0.1 Pending approval of a label use on mushrooms and submission of directions for use ( OPPTS 860.1200). Use supported by IR 4.

Oat, forage 10.0 10.0 [ Oat, forage]

Oat, grain 0.1 0.1 [ Oat, grain]

Oat, hay 30.0 2.0 Available data for wheat support lowering tolerance for oat hay.

Oat, straw 1.0 1.0 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Peanut 0.2 0.2 Tolerance expires November 30, 2008.

Peanut, hay 20.0 20.0 Tolerance expires November 30, 2008.

Pecans 0.1 Reassign Tolerance should be reassigned concomitant with establishing a tolerance of 0.1 ppm for Nut, tree, Group 14 Pineapple 0.1 0.1 Tolerance expires November 30, 2008. Pineapple processing study required.

Pineapple, fodder 0.1 Revoke No longer considered a significant livestock feed item, revoke. Tolerance expires November 30, 2008.

Plum, prune, fresh 1.0 Revoke Tolerance should be revoked because a crop group tolerance has been established for Fruit, stone, Group 12.

Rice, grain 0.1 0.3 Available residue data support raising tolerance.

Rice, straw 3.0 3.0 Available residue data support maintaining tolerance at current level.

Rye, grain 0.1 0.3 Available residue data support raising tolerance.

Rye, straw 1.5 15.0 Available residue data for wheat straw support raising the tolerance.

Sheep, fat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Sheep, kidney 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.01 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level. 62 Table 29. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for Propiconazole Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Reassessed Tolerance, ppm Comment [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Sheep, liver 2.0 2.0 MTDB of 1.33 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Sheep, meat byproducts, except kidney and liver 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.08 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level Sheep, meat 0.1 0.1 MTDB of 0.04 ppm supports maintaining tolerance at current level.

Wheat, grain 0.1 0.30 Available residue data support raising tolerance.

Wheat, straw 1.5 15.0 Available residue data support raising tolerance.

Tolerances To Be Proposed Under 40 CFR § 180.434( a)

for Raw Agricultural Commodities Grain, aspirated grain fractions 20 ( sorghum) 5.0 Available residue data support lowering tolerance. Time limited tolerance for sorghum Section 18 registration expires June 30, 2008.

Barley, hay None established 2.0 Translate from wheat hay Corn, pop, grain None established 0.1 Translate from field corn Corn, pop, stover None established 12 Translate from field corn Corn, sweet, forage None established 12 Translate from field corn Corn, sweet, stover None established 12 Translate from field corn Nut, tree, group 14 None established 0.1 [ Nut, tree. Group 14]

Rice, bran None established 1.0 Rice processing study shows 2.9x concentration factor for rice bran.

Rice, hulls None established 1.2 Rice processing study shows 3.8x processing factor for rice hulls.

Rye, forage None established 2.0 Available residue data support tolerance.

Wheat, forage None established 2.0 Available residue data support tolerance.

Wheat, hay None established 2.0 Available residue data support tolerance.

Wheat, bran None established 1.0 Available residue data support tolerance.

Time limited Tolerances Established Under 40 CFR § 180.434( b)

for FIFRA § 18 Emergency Exemptions Blueberry 1.0 N/ A T olerance expires December 31, 2007.

Cranberry 1.0 N/ A T olerance expires December 31, 2007. 63 Table 29. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for Propiconazole Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Reassessed Tolerance, ppm Comment [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Dry bean 0.5 N/ A Tolerance expired December 31, 2005. [ Bean, dry]

Dry bean forage 8.0 N/ A Tolerance expired December 31, 2005. [ Bean, dry, forage]

Dry bean hay 8.0 N/ A Tolerance expired December 31, 2005. [ Bean, dry, hay]

Grain, aspirated grain fractions 20 ( sorghum) 5.0 Available residue data support lowering tolerance. Tolerance expires June 30, 2008.

Sorghum, grain, grain 0.2 N/ A Tolerance expires June 30, 2008.

Sorghum, grain, stover 1.5 N/ A Tolerance expires June 30, 2008.

Soybean 2.0 N/ A Tolerance expires December 31, 2009.

Soybean, forage 10.0 27N/ A Tolerance expires December 31, 2009.

Soybean, hay 25.0 N/ A Tolerance expires December 31, 2009.

Tolerances Established Under 40 CFR § 180.434( c) for Regional Registrations Sunflower None established TBD T o be determined pending submission of field trial data.

Mint, tops ( leaves and stems) 0.3 0.3 Regional registration for use west of the Cascade Mountains only. [ Peppermint, tops] [ Spearmint, tops]

Wild rice 0.5 0.5 Regional registration for use only in Minnesota. [ Rice, wild]

a. Tolerances for Raw Agricultural Commodities ( RACs) Established Under 40 CFR § 180.434( a)

The Agency has recently updated the list of raw agricultural and processed commodities and feedstuffs derived from crops ( Table 1, OPPTS GLN 860.1000). As a result of these changes, tolerances must be established for raw agricultural commodities recently added to the list in Table 1, OPPTS GLN 860.1000 and certain tolerances for crops in a crop group should be reassigned. The established tolerance for plums should be revoked because a stone fruit group tolerance has been established. The established tolerance for pineapple fodder should be revoked because this commodity is no longer considered a significant livestock feed item. The established tolerances for RACs listed under 40 CFR § 180.434( a) are reassessed at the same levels except those listed for barley, rice, rye, and wheat; higher tolerances are required for these crops to reflect the results of recent field trials. The established tolerances for cattle, goat, hog, horse, and sheep commodities listed under 40 CFR § 180.434( a) are reassessed at the same levels as well, because EPA is unable to separate the parent residues from the metabolites, and because the pending petitions for new uses are likely to result in an increased dietary burden. 64 b. Tolerances for RACs to be Proposed under 40 CFR § 180.434( a)

Because of changes to Table 1 in OPPTS GDLN 860.1000, new tolerances must be proposed for barley hay, rye forage, and wheat forage and hay. The required data for wheat hay and forage will be translated to barley hay and rye forage. Because the tolerance level for oat hay was not determined from residue data but was calculated from the oat forage level using a 3x dry down factor, the required data for wheat hay should be translated to oat hay to provide a more realistic level for this tolerance. Based on the cited field trials with Stratego   Twin Pak   and Stratego   , the Agency proposes new tolerances on wheat hay and forage at 2.0 ppm. The Agency now recommends that wheat hay data be translated to oats to establish a more appropriate level for the oat hay tolerance at 2.0 ppm.

The Agency is translating the wheat grain, wheat straw, wheat hay, and wheat forage data to barley and rye grain, straw, hay and forage. Therefore, the reassessed tolerances for barley grain and rye grain should be 0.3 ppm, for barley and rye straw should be 15.0 ppm. New tolerances for barley hay and rye forage should be established at 2.0 ppm. Data from a wheat processing study indicate the need for 1.0 ppm tolerance for wheat bran and a 5.0 ppm tolerance for aspirated grain fractions. The available rice processing data indicate that residues of propiconazole may concentrate in rice bran at 2.9x, in rice hulls at 3.8x, and in polished rice at 0.12x. Based on a highest average field trial ( HAFT) residue value of 0.28 ppm, new tolerances of 1.0 and 1.2 ppm must be proposed for rice bran and hull, respectively.

The commodity definitions for the corn RAC tolerances are currently expressed as corn per se. When the definition is revised to " corn, field," tolerances for popcorn grain and stover, expressed in terms of " corn, pop," will need to be established at levels of 0.1 ppm and 12 ppm, respectively. In addition, tolerances for " corn, sweet, forage" and " corn, sweet, stover" will need to be established at 12 ppm. Processing data are required for pineapple juice.

c. Time Limited Tolerances Established Under 40 CFR § 180.434( b)

Time limited tolerances have been established for blueberry; cranberry; grain, aspirated fractions; sorghum grain, grain; sorghum grain, stover; soybean; soybean forage; and soybean hay to support FIFRA Section 18 registrations for these commodities. These timelimited tolerances have expiration dates ranging from December 31, 2007 to December 31, 2009. Where appropriate, FIFRA Section 3 tolerances will be established for these crops; e. g., permanent tolerance for aspirated grain fractions. Although time limited tolerances were established in the past for dry bean, dry bean forage, and dry bean hay, these tolerances expired on December 31, 2005.

d. Tolerances with Regional Registrations Established Under 40 CFR § 180.434( c)

Tolerances with regional registrations have been established for the following RACs as defined: mint, tops ( leaves and stems) and wild rice. The tolerance for mint is restricted to use 65 west of the Cascade Mountains only, and the tolerance for wild rice is restricted to Minnesota. Sufficient field trial data are available to reassess the established tolerances with regional registrations for mint and wild rice at the same levels.

3. Codex Harmonization The Codex Alimentarius Commission has established several maximum residue limits ( MRLs) for propiconazole in/ on various raw agricultural commodities. The Codex MRLs are expressed in terms of propiconazole per se, which is harmonized with the US tolerance expression. EPA has harmonized tolerance levels on most commodities with Codex MRLs to the extent possible. A comparison of the Codex MRLs and corresponding reassessed U. S. tolerances is presented in Table 30.

Table 30. Codex MRLs for Propiconazole and Applicable U. S. Tolerances. Current Codex MRLs Commodity ( As Defined by Codex) MRL ( mg/ kg) Step Reassessed U. S. Tolerance ( ppm) Recommendation and Comments Almonds 0.05 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration.

Banana 0.1 CXL 0.2* Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate.

Barley ( grain) 0.05 CXL 0.3* Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate. Coffee beans 0.1 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration. Edible offal ( mammalian) 0.05 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration.

Eggs 0.05 CXL N/ A MRL set at limit of quantification ( LOQ). Current U. S. tolerance of 0.1 will be revoked because poultry metabolism data show no finite residues in eggs. Grapes 0.5 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration Mango 0.05 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration. Meat ( from mammals other than marine) 0.05 CXL 0.1* MRL set at LOQ. Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate.

Milks 0.01 CXL 0.05* Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate. MRL set at LOQ. Oat ( grain) 0.05 CXL 0.1 MRL set at LOQ.

Peanut 0.05 CXL 0.1* Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate. Peanut, whole 0.1 CXL N/ A Not currently regulated by U. S. EPA.

Pecan 0.05 CXL 0.1* Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate.

Poultry meat 0.05 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration. MRL set at LOQ. Rape seed 0.05 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration.

Rye 0.05 CXL 0.3* MRL set at LOQ. Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate.

Stone fruits 1.0 CXL 1.0 U. S. established crop group tolerance for stone fruits. Sugar beet 0.05 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration. Sugar beet leaves or tops 0.5 CXL N/ A No current U. S. registration. 66 Table 30. Codex MRLs for Propiconazole and Applicable U. S. Tolerances. Current Codex MRLs Commodity ( As Defined by Codex) MRL ( mg/ kg) Step Reassessed U. S. Tolerance ( ppm) Recommendation and Comments Sugar cane 0.05 CXL N/ A Registered in U. S. for use as seed piece treatment, which is considered a non food use.

Wheat 0.05 CXL 0.30* Unable to harmonize due to higher U. S. use rate. MRL set at LOQ. * US Tolerance cannot be harmonized with Codex MRLs because US GAP requires higher tolerances than Codex MRL.

4. Residue Analytical Method Plant commodities. Residue methods AG 454, AG 454B and AG 626 ( both are modification of method AG 454) were used to determine residues of propiconazole and its metabolites on samples of raw agricultural and processed commodities from field trials and processing studies. The methods use a single moiety detection in which residues are converted to 2,4 DCBA, determined as the 2,4 DCBA methyl ester, and reported as propiconazole equivalents using a conversion factor of 1.79. The reported level of quantification ( LOQ) for this method is 0.05 ppm. Concurrent method recoveries were acceptable. Previously, EPA required enforcement method validation for Method AG 454A using bananas. These data are no longer needed.

For enforcement purposes, residue method AG 354 is available for the determination of propiconazole per se in/ on plant commodities using gas chromatography and flame ionization detection, and the reported LOQ is 0.05 ppm. The Multiresidue Methods Section 302 ( Luke Method; Protocol D) also picks up parent propiconazole.

Animal commodities. Residue methods AG 517 and AG 629 ( a modification of method AG 517) were used for determination of propiconazole and its metabolites in animal commodities. The methods use a single moiety detection in which residues are converted to 2,4 DCBA, determined as the 2,4 DCBA methyl ester, and reported as propiconazole equivalents using a conversion factor of 1.79. The method LOQ is 0.05 ppm for residues in meat, poultry, and eggs and 0.02 ppm for residues in milk. Samples from the ruminant and poultry feeding studies were analyzed using method AG 359 ( an early version of method AG 517) and method AG 517. For enforcement purpose, the Multiresidue Methods Section 302 ( Luke Method; Protocol D) picks up parent propiconazole.

Multiresidue methods. The October 1999 FDA PESTDATA database ( PAM Volume I, Appendix I) indicates that propiconazole is completely recovered (> 80%) using Multiresidue Methods Section 302 ( Luke Method; Protocol D). The recovery of propiconazole metabolites CGA 91305, CGA 118244, and 1,2,4 triazole is variable using Section 302. Propiconazole and metabolites CGA 91305, CGA 118244, and 1,2,4 triazole are not recovered using Multiresidue Methods Sections 303 ( Mills, Onley, and Gaither; Protocol E, nonfatty) and 304 ( Mills, fatty food). E. Regulatory Rationale 67 The following is a summary of the rationale for mitigation measures necessary for managing risks associated with the use of propiconazole and for products containing propiconazole to be eligible for reregistration. Where labelling revisions are warranted, specific language is set forth in Table 31 of this document.

1. Human Health Risk Management a. Aggregate Risk Mitigation for Propiconazole Acute, short term, and chronic aggregate risks for propiconazole are below the Agency's level of concern. EPA has considered the contribution of acute and chronic dietary exposure from food and drinking water as well as exposures to residential handlers and postapplication residential exposures in the aggregate risk assessment for propiconazole. Therefore, no mitigation is necessary at this time. However, a wood wipe study is required for propiconazole to confirm EPA's conclusions on post application residential exposure to treated wood.

b. Aggregate Risk Mitigation for Free Triazoles Acute, short and intermediate term, and chronic aggregate risks for the degradates 1,2,4 triazole, triazole alanine, and triazole acetic acid are below the Agency's level of concern. The Agency considered the contribution of acute and chronic dietary risks from food and drinking water as well as residential handler and post application exposures in the aggregate risk assessment for the free triazoles. Therefore, no mitigation is necessary at this time.

c. Occupational Risk Mitigation A wide range of factors is considered in making risk management decisions for worker risks. These factors include, in addition to the estimated MOEs, incident data, the nature and severity of adverse effects observed in the animal studies, uncertainties in the risk assessment, alternative registered pesticides, the importance of the chemical in integrated pest management ( IPM) programs, and other factors. Mitigation measures may include reducing application rates, adding personal protective equipment ( PPE) to end product labels, requiring the use of engineering controls, and other measures.

Occupational exposure assessments are completed by the Agency considering the use of baseline PPE and, if warranted, for handlers, increasing levels of PPE and engineering controls in order to estimate the potential impact on exposure and risk. The target MOE for propiconazole is 100, based on information provided in Section III of this document. When MOEs for occupational risk are less than 100, EPA strives to reduce worker risks through the use of PPE and engineering controls or other mitigation measures. In some cases, the Agency may accept MOEs less than 100 when all mitigation measures that are feasible and practical have been applied, particularly when there are critical pest management needs associated with the use of the pesticide. 68 Handler Risk Mitigation Agricultural Uses. The Agency evaluated handler risks for both liquid and wettable powder formulations of propiconazole. For liquid formulations, handler risks for most scenarios were of concern for mixer/ loaders wearing baseline clothing ( long sleeve shirt, long pants, shoes, and socks), but these risks can be mitigated with the addition of chemicalresistant gloves ( i. e., MOEs with gloves are > 100). Therefore all handlers using liquid formulations of propiconazole must wear chemical resistant gloves and all labels must reflect this requirement. For wettable powders, which are all formulated in water soluble packs, handler risks were below the Agency's level of concern ( MOEs are > 100) with baseline clothing. Provided that all wettable powder formulations are in water soluble packs, no additional mitigation is necessary. In addition, gloves are required for all handlers involved in seed piece treatments or dips because seed piece treatment is a potentially messy operation. All current propiconazole labels require gloves for this use.

Antimicrobial Uses. Material Preservative. The Agency evaluated handler risks associated with use of propiconazole as a material preservative in paints, caulks, textiles, and as a wood preservative. When propiconazole is used as a material preservative, short term handler MOEs range from < 1 to 6,500 at baseline ( long sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes and socks) and from 300 to 26,000 with the addition of chemical resistant gloves. Likewise, intermediate term handler MOEs range from < 1 to 2,200 at baseline and 100 to 8,600 with chemical resistant gloves. Workers applying paint containing propiconazole as an in can preservative have a combined short term MOE of 75 for airless sprayer and intermediate term MOEs of 55 and 25, for brush/ roller or airless sprayer, respectively, at baseline. Although the use of chemical resistant gloves improves the MOEs for painting, EPA cannot require workers using paint containing propiconazole to wear gloves because paint is considered a treated article when it contains propiconazole as an in can preservative. Treated articles are exempt from FIFRA labeling requirements.

To mitigate risk to painters, the registrant has agreed to decrease the amount of propiconazole that may be used as a preservative in paint from 0.35% to 0.125% a. i. When paint contains 0.125% propiconazole, MOEs are expected to increase about threefold, resulting in short and intermediate term MOEs for painters using brush/ roller > 100; and MOEs for painters using an airless sprayer > 100 for short term exposure and ~ 75 for intermediate term exposure. However, there is some uncertainty in the dermal component of these MOEs because the underlying exposure monitoring data is from cooling tower workers ( no gloves) rather than from painters, and only two replicates are available for cooling tower exposure. Because of these uncertainties, the Agency is requiring additional worker exposure monitoring studies for painters using brush rollers and airless sprayers as confirmatory data. The propiconazole registrants are members of the Antimicrobial Exposure Assessment Task Force II ( AEATF II), which will be conducting these studies. In addition, EPA is assuming that 40% of propiconazole in paint is biologically available and absorbed through the skin, based on a rat dermal penetration study with technical grade propiconazole. However, this may differ from the absorption of propiconazole in paint because the paint matrix may limit dermal absorption. Registrants have agreed to conduct a dermal absorption study to determine how much propiconazole is absorbed through the skin when this chemical is suspended in a 69 paint matrix. EPA is requiring a dermal absorption study for a paint product containing propiconazole as part of this RED. At this time, the Agency believes that reducing the percent active ingredient in paint is sufficient to mitigate risk concerns for painters, given the uncertainties in underlying exposure monitoring data and dermal absorption of propiconazole in paint.

Wood Preservative. For blender/ spray operators, chemical operators, and diptank operators, short term combined MOEs range from 400 to 850 with gloves, and intermediate term MOEs range from 130 to 280 with gloves. Handler MOEs for high pressure/ high volume spray treatment range from 150 to 1,500 for short term exposure and from 50 to 500 for intermediate term exposure; these MOEs assume the use of chemical resistant gloves. The MOE of 50 is for application of propiconazole to mushroom houses in a high volume spray of 1000 gallons per day. However, according to Phase 3 comments from the American Mushroom Institute, no more than 100 gallons are applied in a mushroom house in a given day ( MOE is 500), thus addressing the risk concern. For workers pressure treating wood, the combined short term MOE ranges from 260 to 2,200 and the intermediate term MOE ranges from 86 to 730 with gloves. For workers pressure treating wood, the combined intermediate term dermal and inhalation MOE is 86 with gloves, which falls within the negligible risk range. Also, EPA used monitoring data for other wood preservatives to estimate handler exposure to propiconazole used as a wood preservative. This assumes that the exposure patterns at treatment facilities using other wood preservatives would be the same as for propiconazole. Given this uncertainty, no mitigation is warranted at this time, but a confirmatory worker monitoring study for pressure treatment of wood will be required as part of this RED. Registrants have agreed to conduct this additional worker exposure monitoring study.

Post Application Worker Risk Mitigation Agricultural Uses. Agricultural workers re entering sites previously treated with propiconazole have short term MOEs ranging from 150 to 36,000 on the day of pesticide application. Because these MOEs are all below the Agency's level of risk concern, no mitigation is necessary. Intermediate term MOEs for re entry workers range from 97 ( for cut flowers) to 37,000. However, all MOES are > 100 on the day after pesticide application; including the MOE for cut flowers, which is 104. Although the MOE on is slightly less than 100 on day 0, EPA considers this MOE of 97 to be within the same negligible risk range as the MOE of 104 on day 1. Therefore, the Agency does not believe that the risk reduction justifies a 24 hour REI for propiconazole. The current restricted entry interval ( REI) for propiconazole is 12 hours on some labels; which is consistent with the Worker Protection Standard ( WPS) requirement based on the acute toxicity of technical propiconazole ( Toxicity Category III). The REI may increase depending on the toxicity of propiconazole end use products; this will be determined during product reregistration.

Antimicrobial Uses. Machinists who are exposed to propiconazole in metal working fluids have a combined short term inhalation and dermal MOE of 4,800 and a combined intermediate term MOE of 1,600. Because these MOEs are > 100, and below the Agency's level of concern, no mitigation is needed for post application risk from metalworking fluids. Saw mill workers who are exposed to wood after it is treated have short term dermal MOEs 70 ranging from 150 to 2,700 and inhalation MOEs ranging from 150 to 5,500. Intermediateterm MOEs ( for workers exposed for a longer duration) range from 51 to 2000 for dermal exposure and 1,900 to 44,000 for inhalation exposure. Intermediate term dermal MOEs are of concern only for one scenario: workers performing clean up activities. However, these MOEs are based on data for a surrogate chemical, which is also used as a wood preservative in saw mills, but with a different percent active ingredient, application rates, etc. As previously mentioned, there are no adequate data showing how much propiconazole residue is dislodged from treated wood. As a result, EPA believes that the risk to clean up crew workers is an overestimate and risks are not of concern. Moreover, all other exposure scenarios for this industry are low and not of concern, and it is not practical to impose restrictions. To address these uncertainties EPA is requiring confirmatory exposure monitoring data for postapplication workers handling wood treated with propiconazole as well as the confirmatory wood wipe study previously mentioned.

2. Non Target Organism ( Ecological) Risk Management Ecological risk mitigation measures may include lowering application rates, reducing the number of applications allowed in a year, restricting the timing of applications, extending the time between applications, and changing pesticide use to minimize runoff or spray drift. In some situations, certain uses or application methods may need to be deleted to address ecological risk concerns.

The screening level risk assessment for propiconazole suggests that exposure to propiconazole is likely to result in some exceedance of EPA's acute or endangered species LOC for birds, mammals, terrestrial and aquatic plants, and chronic LOC for mammals. However, for birds, the acute RQ of 0.53 is very close to the LOC of 0.5. The Agency has addressed these risk concerns to the extent feasible while considering some of the factors listed above. Specific risk mitigation measures are described in the following sections.

EPA does not currently have enough chronic toxicity data to quantify risks for propiconazole for freshwater invertebrates ( Daphnia) and estuarine/ marine fish, because of outstanding data requirements from a previous DCI. Chronic toxicity data must be submitted to support the continued registration of propiconazole.

a. Terrestrial Organisms Birds and Mammals Mammals. Acute mammalian RQs for propiconazole are below the LOC for all propiconazole uses except turf. The acute mammalian RQs for turf exceeded the listed species LOC for mammals feeding on short grass, tall grass, or broadleaf forage and small insects. Acute RQs for multiple applications of propiconazole to turf exceeded the acute LOC of 0.5 for 15 g and 35 g smaller mammals in the short grass food category only. When the Agency revised the RQs for turf using chemical specific data on foliar dissipation half life, rather than the 35 day default used in the original screening level risk assessment, only acute RQs for small mammals feeding on short grass exceeded the LOC. However, with the revised RQs, the listed species LOC of 0.1 is 71 exceeded for all weight classes of mammals feeding on short grass, tall grass, and broadleaf plants and small insects. In the screening level risk assessment for propiconazole, EPA used the labeled turf application rate of 1.78 lbs ai/ A with 2 4 applications per year. Actual use data show that much lower rates and fewer applications are used, even in the states with the greatest use.

Although the revised RQs were calculated with propiconazole specific foliar dissipation data, the data set was small. The resulting RQs could overestimate or underestimate potential risk to mammals. Therefore, a confirmatory foliar dissipation study is required as part of this RED. This study would measure dissipation of propiconazole over time from foliage of several representative crop groups.

Chronic risks to mammals were calculated using both the dietary and dose based RQs. Dietary based mammalian RQs based on maximum residues ranged from 1.1 to 2.6 and exceeded the chronic LOC for multiple applications to turf. However, dose based chronic RQs were as high as 13 for mammals foraging in short grass following multiple applications of propiconazole to turf. For turf, chronic RQs only begin to exceed LOCs after the 3rd application and no chronic LOCs are exceeded after 2 applications. RQs based on mean residues would be lower. Acute risks would also be lower based on fewer applications. All other exposure scenarios resulted in RQs below the Agency's LOC. When EPA refined the chronic dose based RQs as mentioned above, the only chronic RQs exceeding the LOC are for small mammal feeding on short grass following application of propiconazole to pecans ( the RQ of 1.04 only barely exceeds the LOC of 1). For turf, chronic RQs exceed the Agency's chronic LOC for mammals feeding on grasses, broadleaf plants, and small insects.

The greatest use of propiconazole on turf occurs in the Midwestern United States, New York, and Pennsylvania. EPA proprietary data show that lawn care operators applied 15,000 lbs annually, and turf management and nursery and greenhouse operations applied 75,000 lbs annually from 1998 to 2001. Average annual application rates to golf course turf range from 0.2 to 1.3 lbs ai/ A, with 17 states reporting annual use propiconazole at an average annual rate of 0.5 lb ai/ A or less. In states with the greatest use, the average annual application rate ranged from 0.7 to 1.2 lbs ai/ A. The mammalian RQs presented above are based on multiple applications at the labelled application rate of 1.78 lbs ai/ A, and are therefore believed to overstate risk to mammals from typical use.

Birds. Avian acute RQs only exceed the Agency's LOC of 0.5 for turf and ornamental uses, when the smallest weight class of birds feeding on short grass following multiple propiconazole applications; for this scenario acute RQs range from 0 to 0.7. When these RQs were refined by using chemical specific foliar dissipation half life data, only the RQ of 0.53 for the smallest weight class of birds feeding on short grass exceeded the LOC of 0.5. Also, based on predicted maximum residues and multiple applications to turf and ornamentals, acute RQs exceed the listed species LOC of 0.1 for all weight classes of birds feeding on short grass and tall grass and for smaller birds feeding on broadleaf forage and small insects. Based on predicted, mean residues resulting from multiple applications to turf and ornamentals, only birds feeding on short grass exceed the endangered species LOC. Avian RQs did not exceed LOCs for any other uses.

Dietary based chronic avian RQs slightly exceed the LOC for the turf use. However, the 72 chronic toxicity study for birds showed no treatment related effects at any of the test levels up to 1000 mg/ kg diet and, as such, a LOAEC could not be determined. Consequently, the actual NOAEC could be much greater than that observed in the study used to assess chronic avian risk and the RQs could be lower. Dietary based chronic avian RQs only slightly exceeded the LOC of 1 for multiple applications to turf; the highest RQ was 1.3. In addition, when these RQs were further refined by using chemical specific foliar dissipation half life data, the maximum RQ is 1.02 and equivalent to the chronic LOC of 1. Therefore, at this time, EPA does not have a concern for chronic risks to birds and no mitigation is necessary.

Non Target Insects EPA does not have sufficient data to determine whether propiconazole use poses potential risks to non target insects. However, the Agency does not expect adverse effects to insects because propiconazole does not cause adverse effects to soil microbes or earthworms.

Plants Propiconazole poses a potential risk to terrestrial plants for some uses. Non listed and listed species RQs resulting from single applications of propiconazole range from < 1 to 7.95. RQs exceed the LOC for nonlisted dicots based on use on turf and listed dicots based on use in grasses grown for seed, rice, wild rice, peanut, and turf use. Dicot RQs for a single application of propiconazole to turf and ornamentals range from 0.59 to 2.47 for non listed species and 0.32 to 7.95 for listed species. Monocot RQs exceed only the LOC for listed species following a single application to turf and ornamentals; no other RQs exceed the LOC. As previously mentioned, the RQ for turf and ornamentals assumes application to turf at the maximum label rate 1.78 lb ai/ A; which is greater than the actual rates used on turf ( maximum of 0.7 to 1.2 lbs ai/ A).

As previously mentioned, underlying assumptions used to derive plant RQs introduce some uncertainty into the conclusions of the screening level risk assessment. For example, the Terr PLANT model assumes that 2% for propiconazole is lost to runoff from each of ten acres of a treated field to non target plants adjacent to the treated field. The Agency is currently developing a plant exposure model which, among other things, will use PRZM to estimate the amount of pesticide in runoff based on the persistence and mobility of the chemical, and soil and weather data in specific crop scenarios. Although this refined exposure model is not yet available, the transport of propiconazole in runoff from use on turf was estimated by PRZM as part of the aquatic risk assessment, and can be used to further characterize the potential for risk to terrestrial dicots.

The TERR PLANT model assumed an EEC of 0.36 lb ai/ A from a single application of 1.78 lb ai/ A on turf. The transport of propiconazole from the peak runoff event for each of 30 years simulated by PRZM ranged from 0.009 lb ai/ A to 0.245 lb ai/ A. These EECs, which reflect 4 applications of propiconazole at 1.78 lb ai/ A, would result in acute RQs ranging from 0.05 to 1.4 if used in the risk assessment. Peak storm events simulated by PRZM would result in RQs at or above the LOC of 1.0 in 7 of the 30 years simulated, indicating a potential risk to plants adjacent to treated fields under certain conditions if the maximum rate and number of applications are applied. Use data indicate that typical rates in the states with the greatest use range from 0.7 to 1.2 lbs ai/ A 73 per year. Since these typical rates are at least one third less than the maximum rate, the 25% effect on seedling emergence represented by the toxicity endpoint might occur even less frequently than suggested by the PRZM model output.

The Agency believes that the label changes to address spray drift will also reduce potential risks to terrestrial plants. The Ag DRIFT model shows deposition of fine to medium size spray droplets at levels equal to the vegetative vigor EC25 at distances ranging from 3 to 43 feet from the treated field. The spray drift mitigation will require use of medium coarse to coarse spray droplets to minimize drift. This larger droplet size is expected to reduce the distance from the treated field at which nontarget plants would be at risk for adverse effects ( vegetative vigor). If one runs an Ag DRIFT simulation using this larger droplet size spectrum, RQs for the three less sensitive plants would be below the the LOC at distances beyond 3 feet from the treated field; and the RQ for the most sensitive plant would be below the LOC at distances beyond 13 feet from the field. The distance to which deposition is at or above the LOC for the aerial application to grass grown for seed, pecans, rice, wild rice and peanuts is reduced from 49 feet to 26 feet, based on the most sensitive plant tested. As with seedling emergence, the vegetative vigor LOC represents an effect ( mainly plant height here, or dry weight) to 25% of test plants. The distance to which the endangered species LOC ( based on the no observed adverse effect level) is met is reduced by spray drift mitigation from 92 feet to 33 feet for the turf use, and from 118 feet to 75 feet for the aerial uses at 0.225 lb ai/ A, based on the most sensitive plant tested.

b. Aquatic Organisms Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates All RQs for freshwater fish and invertebrates are less than the Agency's LOC of 0.5 for acute risk. These RQs are considered to be conservative because they are based on the maximum 1 in 10 year peak surface water concentrations and the most sensitive 96 hour LC50 values for fish and aquatic invertebrates. For endangered species, however, the freshwater fish RQ is equal to the acute listed species LOC of 0.05 based on EECs in surface water from turf use in Pennsylvania, but does not exceed based on EECs in surface water from turf use in Florida.

Chronic RQs for freshwater fish do not exceed the Agency's chronic LOC of 1 based on average surface water concentrations of propiconazole resulting from the highest exposure scenarios, for use on turf and rice, and available toxicity data. As previously mentioned, the Agency does not have sufficient data to assess chronic risks from propiconazole uses to estuarine/ marine fish or freshwater invertebrates.

Estuarine/ Marine Fish and Invertebrates The Agency's screening level risk assessment shows that RQs for estuarine/ marine fish do not exceed the acute LOC for any use, but exceed the listed species LOC for the rice use. The estuarine/ marine invertebrate acute RQs exceed the acute listed species LOC ( 0.05) from the highest exposure scenarios, for use on turf and rice. The risk assessments must be further refined to determine whether propiconazole use on turf or rice is likely to occur in areas inhabited by 74 endangered species. As previously mentioned, the acute RQs are based on conservative inputs, including the maximum 1 in 10 year peak EEC and the most sensitive 90 hour LC50 value. In addition, the modeled application rate for turf is higher than what is actually used, even in the areas of greatest use. Furthermore, only one application of propiconazole is made to rice in most states, but two applications were modeled. No levels of concern were exceeded for any other crops.

Chronic RQs for estuarine/ marine invertebrates do not exceed the Agency's chronic LOC of 1 based on average surface water concentrations of propiconazole resulting from both the turf and rice scenarios and available toxicity data. As previously mentioned, EPA does not have sufficient data to assess chronic risks from propiconazole uses to estuarine/ marine fish.

Plants RQs for freshwater vascular plants based on both turf and rice use and the RQs for freshwater non vascular plants based on turf use do not exceed the LOC. The use of propiconazole on rice and turf may present risk to non vascular estuarine/ marine plants; both the acute and listed species RQs exceed the LOC of 1. In addition, the use of propiconazole on rice may present an acute risk to freshwater non vascular plants; the listed species RQs exceed the LOC of 1. However, as previously stated, the RQs are based on higher than typical application rates for turf, and the RQs for rice are based on two applications, where one application is commonly used.

3. Summary of Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures are necessary for the active ingredient propiconazole and for end use products containing propiconazole to be eligible for reregistration. These include use restrictions, voluntary cancellations and/ or use deletions, and personal protective equipment.

  Handlers using liquid formulations of propiconazole for agricultural use must wear chemical resistant gloves;   Handlers using propiconazole for seed piece treatment or dips must wear chemicalresistant gloves;   Wettable powder formulations of propiconazole must be packaged in water soluble bags;   Decrease the amount of propiconazole that may be used as a preservative in paint from 0.35% to 0.125% a. i.; and   Label restrictions to minimize spray drift, including restrictions on droplet size and application height.

Because the technical registrants have requested that the following uses be deleted from all labels, they are not eligible for reregistration:

  Use of propiconazole on apparel, carpet fibers, and home furnishings Registrants have requested that their registration be amended to delete these uses; and EPA issued a formal order deleting these uses on May 26, 2006. Therefore, these uses are not being 75 considered for reregistration.

F. Other Labeling Requirements To be eligible for reregistration, various use and safety information will be included in the labeling of all end use products containing propiconazole. For the specific labeling statements and a list of outstanding data, refer to Section V of this RED document.

1. Endangered Species Considerations As stated in Chapter III of this document, the Agency's screening level assessment preliminary risk assessment for propiconazole indicates a potential for adverse effects on listed species as noted below, should exposure actually occur at modeled levels:

Terrestrial organisms   Mammals o Acute RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOCs for small mammals feeding on short grass, tall grass, broadleaf forage and small insects; o Chronic RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOC for all mammals feeding on short grass, tall grass, broadleaf forage and small insects;   Birds o Acute RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOCs for all birds feeding on short grass and tall grass and for smaller birds feeding on broadleaf forage and small insects; o Chronic RQs for turf and ornamentals barely exceed the LOC. Although these RQs were based on a study that showed no effects at the highest dose tested; EPA cannot preclude potential adverse effects to listed species;   Plants o Acute RQs for turf and ornamentals exceed LOCs for listed terrestrial plants ( monocots and dicots) adjacent to treated sites and in semiaquatic areas; o Acute RQs for grasses grown for seed, rice, and peanuts are equal to the LOC for dicots in semi aquatic areas; Aquatic Organisms   Freshwater o Acute fish RQ for Pennsylvania turf is equal to LOC for listed species; Florida turf scenario does not exceed LOC; o Acute fish RQ for rice exceeds LOC for listed species; o Because no data are available to evaluate chronic risks to freshwater invertebrates, EPA has a potential concern for listed species;   Estuarine/ Marine o Acute invertebrate RQs for turf and rice exceed LOC for listed species; o Because no data are available to evaluate chronic risks to estuarine/ marine fish, EPA has a potential concern for listed species;   Plants 76 o Acute RQs for turf exceed LOCs for listed estuarine/ marine nonvascular plants; and o Acute RQs for rice exceed LOCs for listed freshwater and estuarine/ marine nonvascular plants.

Further, potential indirect effects to any species dependent upon a species that experiences effects from use of propiconazole cannot be precluded based on the screening level ecological risk assessment. These findings are based solely on EPA's screening level assessment and do not constitute " may affect" findings under the Endangered Species Act.

The Agency has developed the Endangered Species Protection Program to identify pesticides whose use may cause adverse impacts on endangered and threatened species, and to implement mitigation measures that address these impacts. The Endangered Species Act ( ESA) requires federal agencies to ensure that their actions are not likely to jeopardize listed species or adversely modify designated critical habitat. To analyze the potential of registered pesticide uses that may affect any particular species, EPA uses basic toxicity and exposure data developed for the REDs and considers it in relation to individual species and their locations by evaluating important ecological parameters, pesticide use information, geographic relationship between specific pesticide uses and species locations, and biological requirements and behavioral aspects of the particular species, as part of a refined species specific analysis. When conducted, this species specific analysis will take into consideration any regulatory changes recommended in this RED being implemented at that time.

Following this future species specific analysis, a determination that there is a likelihood of potential impact to a listed species or its critical habitat may result in: limitations on the use of propiconazole; other measures to mitigate any potential impact; or consultations with the Fish and Wildlife Service or the National Marine Fisheries Service as necessary. If the Agency determines that use of propiconazole " may affect" listed species or their designated critical habitat, EPA will employ the provisions in the Services regulations ( 50 CFR Part 402). Until that species specific analysis is completed, the risk mitigation measures being implemented through this RED will reduce the likelihood that endangered and threatened species may be exposed to propiconazole at levels of concern. EPA is not requiring specific propiconazole label language at the present time relative to threatened and endangered species. If, in the future, specific measures are necessary for the protection of listed species, the Agency will implement them through the Endangered Species Protection Program.

2. Spray Drift Management The Agency has been working closely with stakeholders to develop improved approaches for mitigating risks to human health and the environment from pesticide spray and dust drift. As part of the reregistration process, EPA will continue to work with all interested parties on this important issue.

From its assessment of propiconazole, as summarized in this document, the Agency concludes that certain drift mitigation measures are needed to address the risks from off target drift for propiconazole, including a requirement for medium to coarse droplet size. Label 77 statements implementing these measures are listed in the " spray drift management" section of the label table ( Table 31) in Section V of this RED document. In the future, propiconazole product labels may need to be revised to include additional or different drift label statements.

V. What Registrants Need to Do The Agency has determined that propiconazole is eligible for reregistration, provided that the risk mitigation measures outlined in this document are adopted and label amendments are made to reflect these measures. To implement the risk mitigation measures, the registrants will be required to amend their product labeling to incorporate the label statements set forth in the Label Summary Table ( Table 31). In the near future, the Agency intends to issue Data Call In Notices ( DCIs) requiring label amendments, product specific data and additional generic ( technical grade) data. Generally, registrants will have 90 days from receipt of a DCI to complete and submit response forms or request time extension and/ or waiver requests with a full written justification. For product specific data, the registrant will have eight months to submit data and amended labels. For generic data, due dates can vary depending on the specific studies being required. Below are tables of additional generic data and label amendments that the Agency intends to require for propiconazole to be eligible for reregistration.

A. Manufacturing Use Products 1. Generic Data Requirements The generic database supporting the reregistration of propiconazole for the above eligible uses has been reviewed and determined to be substantially complete. However, there are a few outstanding generic data requirements for residue chemistry, aquatic toxicity, and environmental fate remaining, which must fulfilled to support the continued registration of propiconazole. ( See Data Gaps listed in Appendix B.) These outstanding data requirements, were included in previous DCIs and therefore will not be included in the generic DCI for this RED.

In addition, the Agency has identified data necessary to confirm the registration eligibility decision for propiconazole. These studies are listed herein and will be included in the generic DCI for this RED, which the Agency intends to issue at a future date. 78 Human Health OPPTS 860.1200 Directions for Use for Sunflower Breeder's Seed OPPTS 860.1500 Crop Field Trials for Sunflower Breeder's Seed OPPTS GDLN 870.7600 Dermal Penetration ( for Paint Containing Propiconazole)

OPPTS GDLN 875.1200 Dermal Exposure   Indoor, for the following scenarios: o Painters using brush/ roller o Painters using airless sprayer o Workers pressure treating wood o Workers handling treated wood OPPTS GDLN 875.1400 Inhalation Exposure   Indoor, for the following scenarios: o Painters using brush/ roller o Painters using airless sprayer o Workers pressure treating wood o Workers handling treated wood OPPTS GDLN 875.1100 Dermal Exposure   Outdoor, for painters using brush roller and airless sprayer OPPTS GDLN 875.1300 Inhalation Exposure   Outdoor, Outdoor, for painters using brush roller and airless sprayer Ecological Effects OPPTS GDLN 876.7200 Soil Residue Dissipation   modified for foliage dissipation Special Studies Dislodgeable Residues of Propiconzole from treated Wood ( wood wipe study for dimensional lumber)

Data Requirements for Free Triazoles The Agency is also requiring additional data for the free triazoles, 1,2,4 triazole, triazole alanine, and triazole acetic acid. However, any DCIs for the free triazoles will be issued separately from the DCI for propiconazole.

2. Labeling for Manufacturing Use Products To ensure compliance with FIFRA, manufacturing use product ( MUP) labeling should be revised to comply with all current EPA regulations, PR Notices, and applicable policies. The MUP labeling should bear the labeling contained in Table 31. 79 B. End Use Products 1. Additional Product Specific Data Requirements Section 4( g)( 2)( B) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to obtain any needed productspecific data regarding the pesticide after a determination of eligibility has been made. The registrant must review previous data submissions to ensure that they meet current EPA acceptance criteria and if not, commit to conduct new studies. If a registrant believes that previously submitted data meet current testing standards, then the study MRID numbers should be cited according to the instructions in the Requirement Status and Registrants Response Form provided for each product. The Agency intends to issue a separate productspecific data call in ( PDCI) outlining specific data requirements.

2. Labeling for End Use Products To be eligible for reregistration, labeling changes are necessary to implement measures outlined in Section IV above. Revised labels are due 8 months from the date of receipt of the PDCI mentioned above. Specific language to incorporate these changes is provided in Table 31. Generally, conditions for the distribution and sale of products bearing old labels/ labeling will be established when the label changes are approved. However, specific existing stocks time frames will be established case by case, depending on the number of products involved, the number of label changes, and other factors.

C. Labeling Changes Summary Table For propiconazole to be eligible for reregistration, all propiconazole labels must be amended to incorporate the risk mitigation measures outlined in Section IV. Table 31 describes how language on the labels should be amended.

D. Existing Stocks Registrants may generally distribute and sell products bearing old labels/ labeling for 18 months after the date of approval of revised labels implementing the changes described in this RED. Others, including end use registrants, may generally sell, distribute, and use existing stocks bearing previously approved labeling until these existing stocks have been exhausted, provided such sale, distribution, and use are in accordance with previously approved labeling. Existing stocks are defined as stocks of registered pesticide products currently in the United States, which have been packaged, labeled, and released for shipment. EPA's existing stocks policy is described in the Federal Register of June 26, 1991 ( 56 FR 29362; FRL 3846 4). 80 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label Manufacturing Use Products For all Manufacturing Use Products " Only for formulation into a fungicide/ material preservative/ wood preservative for the following uses:

[ Registrant, please insert]."

" Unless packaged in water soluble packaging, this product may not be formulated into wettable powder end use products."

" This product may not be formulated into end use products for use in carpet fibers, apparel, and furnishings ( except shower curtains)."

" This product may not be formulated into paints and stains unless the maximum concentration of propiconazole is less than or equal to 0.125% by weight." Directions for Use Environmental Hazards Statements " ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS"

" This product is toxic to fish and shrimp. Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes,

streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Eliminations System ( NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance, contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency." Precautionary Statements:

Environmental Hazards 81 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label End Use Products Intended for Occupational Use ( WPS and Non WPS)

PPE Requirements* for Wettable Powder ( WP)

Formulations.

Wettable Powder products labeled for use on agricultural or ornamental crops must be packaged in water soluble packaging to be eligible for reregistration. " Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)"

" Some materials that are chemical resistant to this product are [ Registrant, please insert correct material( s).] Follow the instructions for category [ insert A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H] on the chemicalresistance category selection chart in the EPA Label Review Manual, 3rd Edition ( EPA 735 B 03 001,

August 2003).

" Mixers, loaders, applicators, and other handlers must wear:

 long sleeved shirt and long pants,

 shoes and socks."

" In addition. mixers/ loader must wear  chemical resistant gloves and  a chemical resistant apron."

" All handlers using propiconazole as a seed piece treatment must wear  chemical resistant gloves and  a chemical resistant apron."

" See Engineering Controls for additional requirements." Immediately following/ below Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals 82 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label PPE Requirements* for Liquid Concentrate Formulations For all liquid formulations labeled for use on agricultural or ornamental crops, " Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)"

" Some materials that are chemical resistant to this product are [ registrant inserts correct material( s)]."

For more options, follow the instructions for category [ insert A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H] on the chemicalresistance category selection chart in the EPA Label Review Manual, 3rd Edition ( EPA 735 B 03 001,

August 2003).

" All handlers must wear:

 long sleeved shirt and long pants,

 shoes and socks, and  chemical resistant gloves."

" In addition, all handlers ( mixers, loaders, and applicators, or individuals performing one or more of these tasks), who are applying this pesticide using hand held equipment must wear  long sleeved shirt and long pants,

 shoes and socks, and  chemical resistant gloves."

" All handlers using propiconazole as a seed piece treatment must wear  chemical resistant gloves and  a chemical resistant apron. " Immediately following/ below Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals 83 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label PPE Requirements* for Liquid Concentrate Formulations For all liquid formulations labeled for use as a material preservative or wood preservative. " Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)"

" Some materials that are chemical resistant to this product are [ registrant inserts correct material( s)]."

For more options, follow the instructions for category [ insert A, B, C, D, E, F, G or H] on the chemicalresistance category selection chart in the EPA Label Review Manual, 3rd Edition ( EPA 735 B 03 001,

August 2003).

" Mixers and loaders using liquid formulations must wear:

 long sleeved shirt and long pants,

 shoes and socks, and  chemical resistant gloves." Immediately following/ below Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals Engineering Controls For all formulations labeled for use on agricultural or ornamental crops, aerial applicators must use enclosed cockpits. Enclosed Cockpits " Pilots must use an enclosed cockpit that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection Standard ( WPS) for agricultural pesticides [ 40 CFR 170.240( d)( 6)]." Immediately following/ below Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals 84 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label Engineering Controls:

Wettable Powder formulations must be packaged in water soluble packaging to be eligible for reregistration. " Engineering Controls:

Water soluble packets, when used correctly, qualify as a closed mixing/ loading system under the Worker Protection Standard for Agricultural Pesticides [ 40 CFR 170.240( d)( 4)]. Mixers and loaders using watersoluble packets must:

 wear the personal protective equipment required in the PPE section of this labeling for mixers and loaders  be provided, and must have immediately available for use in an emergency, such as a broken package, spill, or equipment breakdown, chemical resistant gloves, chemical resistant footwear,

and a PF 5 dust mist respirator." Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals immediately following the PPE requirements User Safety Requirements " Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/ maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry."

" Discard clothing or other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them." Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals immediately following the PPE requirements User Safety Recommendations " User Safety Recommendations"

" Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet."

" Users should remove clothing/ PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside, then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing."

" Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing." Precautionary Statements under: Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals ( Must be placed in a box.)

Environmental Hazards Statements " ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS"

For end use products containing directions for use on agricultural crops and ornamentals: " This product is toxic to fish and shrimp. Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present, or to inter tidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate."

For end use products intended for use as either a material preservative or wood preservative: " This product is toxic to fish and shrimp. Do not apply directly to water. Do not contaminate water when Precautionary Statements:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals 85 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label disposing of equipment wastewaters. Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes,

streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollutant Discharge Eliminations System ( NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance, contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the Environmental Protection Agency."

Restricted Entry Interval For products labeled for use on agricultural or ornamental crops. " Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval ( REI) of 12 hours." Directions for Use, in Agricultural Use Requirements box Early Reentry Personal Protective Equipment For Products Subject to WPS as required by Supplement 3 of PR Notice 93 7 " PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as soil or water, is  coveralls,

 shoes and socks, and  chemical resistant gloves made of any waterproof material." Directions for Use, in Agricultural Use Requirements Box General Application Restrictions " Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application." Place in the Directions for Use directly above the Agricultural Use Box Application Restrictions For products labeled for use as material preservatives " Do not apply more than [ Registrant, insert amount equal to 0.125% by weight] per gallon as a preservative for paints and stains." Directions for Use Use Restrictions For products labeled for use on agricultural or ornamental crops Do not harvest rice until 45 days after last application of propiconazole. The preharvest interval ( PHI) for rice is 45 days.

Note: The maximum allowable application rate and maximum allowable rate per year must be listed as pounds or gallons of formulated product per acre, not just as lbs ai/ A. Directions for Use 86 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label Spray Drift Label Language for Products Applied as a Spray " Spray Drift Management"

" A variety of factors including weather conditions ( e. g., wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity) and method of application can influence pesticide drift. The applicator must evaluate all factors and make appropriate adjustments when applying this product."

Wind Speed " Do not apply at wind speeds greater than 15 mph."

Droplet Size " Apply as a medium or coarser spray ( ASAE Standard 572)"

Temperature Inversions " If applying at wind speeds less than 3 mph, the applicator must determine if a) conditions of temperature inversion exist, or b) stable atmospheric conditions exist at or below nozzle height. Do not make applications into areas of temperature inversions or stable atmospheric conditions."

Other State and Local Requirements " Applicators must follow all state and local pesticide drift requirements regarding application of propiconazole. Where states have more stringent regulations, they must be observed."

Equipment " All application equipment must be properly maintained and calibrated using appropriate carriers or surrogates."

Additional requirements for aerial applications:

1. " The boom length must not exceed 75% of the wingspan or 90% of the rotor blade diameter."

2. " Release spray at the lowest height consistent with efficacy and flight safety. Do not release spray at a height greater than 10 feet above the crop canopy unless a greater height is required for aircraft safety."

3. " When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath must be displaced downwind. The applicator must compensate for this displacement at the up and downwind edge of the application area by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind." Directions for Use under General Precautions or Restrictions and/ or Application Instructions 87 Table 31. Summary of Labeling Changes for Propiconazole Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label Additional requirement for groundboom application:

1. " Do not apply with a nozzle height greater than 4 feet above the crop canopy."

End Use Products Primarily Used by Consumers/ Homeowners Environmental Hazards Statement " ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS"

" This product is toxic to fish and shrimp. Do not apply directly to water. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment washwaters or rinsate." " Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in water adjacent to treated areas." Precautionary Statements under Environmental Hazards Entry Restrictions Products applied as a spray:

" Do not allow adults, children, or pets to enter the treated area until sprays have dried."

Products applied dry:

" Do not allow adults, children, or pets to enter the treated area until dusts have settled." Directions for use under General Precautions and Restrictions General Application Restrictions " Do not apply this product in a way that will contact adults, children, or pets, either directly or through drift." Place in the Direction for Use * PPE that is established on the basis of Acute Toxicity of the end use product must be compared to the active ingredient PPE in this document. In the case of multiple active ingredients, the more protective PPE must be placed on the product labeling. For guidance on which PPE is considered more protective, see PR Notice 93 7. 88 VI. APPENDICES APPENDIX A1. Propiconazole Food/ Feed Use Patterns Eligible for Reregistration ( Case 3125)

Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Bananas and Plantains Preharvest foliar Ground Airblast,

highpressure handwand,

backpack sprayer 41.8% EC [ PR 040005] 0.086 8 for mist sprayer 4 for all other application methods 0.675 21 N/ A Apply before disease symptoms appear at the onset of the rainy season. Applications should be made using orchard oil and an emulsifier. Do not apply within 100 yards of non bagged bananas or directly to nonbagged bananas.

Celery Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ 100 737]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.1125 4 0.45 7 14 Foliar Aerial, ground,

and sprinkler irrigation Quilt ®

11.7% ai [ 100 1178] 0.1138 4 0.45 7 7 89 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Cereals ( Including Wheat, Barley, Triticale, and Rye)

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ 100 737]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.1125 2 0.167 NS For barley, oats, ryle, and triticales, apply to the emerging flag leaf; but do not apply after the ligule of the flag leaf emerges ( Feekes growth stage 9). For wheat only, apply until full head emergence ( Feekes growth stage 10.5).

Corn ( Including Field Corn, Field Corn Grown for Seed, Sweet Corn, and Popcorn)

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ 100 737]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.1125 2 0.45 7 14 ( sweet corn) Start treatment when disease appears and repeated on a 7 to 14 day schedule. Do not apply to field corn or field corn grown for seed after silking. Do not harvest forage from field corn,

field corn grown for seed, and popcorn within 30 days of application. Do not harvest sweet corn forage within 14 days of application.

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial ( post silk) 41.8% EC [ LA 020003]

[ KS 030002]

[ MN 990014]

[ NE 990006]

[ IL 040004] 0.1125 2 0.45 7 14 ( sweet corn)

30 ( seed, field,

and popcorn) Treatment should be started when disease appears and repeated on a 7 to 14 day schedule. Do not feed livestock treated forage or fodder and harvest of sweet corn forage within 14 days of application are prohibited. 90 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Between V4 to after silking Stratego ®

11.4% ai [ 264 779] 0.1125 2 0.29 7 30 ( forage)

before silking Corn Grown for Seed ( See Also " Corn")

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial,

and sprinkler irrigation 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ IN 990003] 0.1125 2 0.45 7 30 Treatment should be started when disease appears and repeated on a 7 to 14 day schedule. Making more than two applications after 50% silk and feeding livestock treated forage or fodder are prohibited.

Applications should be made in a minimum of 10 ( ground) or 5 ( aerial) gal of water/ A.

Preharvest Aerial,

ground, and sprinkler irrigation 41.8% EC 0.1125 2 0.45 7 7 When disease first appears. 91 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Grasses Grown for Seed Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ 100 737]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.225 ( 0.1125 bluegrass) 4 0.9 14 20 Use is limited to ID, MN, NE,

OR, and WA. Apply multiple treatments on a 14 to 21 day schedule. The feeding of treated hay is prohibited within 20 days of the last application,

and the grazing of treated areas is prohibited within 140 days.

Applications should be made in a minimum of 20 ( ground) or 10 ( aerial) gal of water/ A.

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ ID 950012]

[ OR 050012]

[ WA 950033]

[ IN 990003]

[ NV 010004]

[ MT 030004] 0.225 2 0.45 14 20 Apply just prior to anthesis.

Make second application 7 10 days later. Should be tank mixed with an appropriate surfactant. The feeding of treated hay is prohibited within 20 days of the last application,

and the grazing of treated areas is prohibited within 140 days.

Applications should be made in a minimum of 20 ( ground) or 10 ( aerial) gal of water/ A. 92 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Mint Preharvest foliar Ground 41.8% EC [ OR 050011] 0.1125 2 0.225 10 90 Apply when plants are 2 4"

high. Make second application 10 14 days later. Applications should be made in a minimum of 20 gal of water/ A.

Nectarines ( See " Stone fruits")

Oats Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617] 0.1125 1 0.1125 N/ A 40 Highest yields when applied to the emerging flag leaf; do not apply after the ligule of the flag leaf emerges ( Feekes growth stage 8). Applications should be made in a minimum of 10 ( ground) or 5 ( aerial) gal of water/ A.

Peaches ( See " Stone fruits")

Peanuts Preharvest foliar Chemigation or directed ground 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.225 2 0.45 14 21 Apply to crown and pegging zones. Begin applications 45 or 60 days after planting or at the first appearance of disease;

make second application 14 days or 3 4 weeks later.

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

41.8% EC [ 100 737]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.1125 4 0.45 10 14 Begin applications 35 40 days after planting and repeat on a 10 to 14 day schedule. 93 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 11.4% ai Stratego ®

[ 264 779] 0.1134 6 0.68 14 14 Pecans Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial Stratego ®

11.4% ai [ 264 779]

Tilt ®

41.8% EC [ 100 617]

Tilt Bravo SE ®

2.9 % ai [ 100 1192] 0.081 3 0.24 14 30 Apply on a 14 day schedule during bud break, prepollination sprays, or during nut formation and cover sprays. Use higher rates when disease pressure is heavier. Do not apply after shuck split.

Pineapple Seed Piece Treatment Postharvest Cold or hot water dip ( Seed treatment) 45% WP [ 100 780] 0.1125 lb ai/ 500 gal water 1 0.1125 lb ai/ 500 gal water N/ A N/ A Use is limited to Hawaii;

immerse or soak crowns ( seed pieces) for control of disease.

Plantains ( See " Bananas and Plantains")

Plums ( See " Stone fruits") 94 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Rice Preharvest foliar Aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ 100 737]

Stratego ® 11.4%

ai [ 264 779] 0.2813 or 0.16 2@ 0.1688 lb ai/ A or 1@ 0.2813 lb ai/ A 0.34 10 35 If   5% of tillers are infected, 2 appls. should be made, one at 1rst internode elongation ( up to 2 inch panicle) and one at swollen boot ( 10 14 days after 1rst appl. but before the boot splits and head emerges). If > 10% of tillers are infected, the higher single application rate should be made at first internode elongation. Do not use in California. In Arkansas,

do not use in areas of the following counties:

Mississippi, Poinsett, Cross, St.

Francis, and Lee. Do not use in rice fields where crayfish are commercially farmed. Do not drain water from treated rice fields into ponds used for commercial catfish farming.

Do not apply to stubble or ratoon crop rice. Do not use water drained from treated fields to irrigate other crops.

Wild Rice Preharvest foliar Aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 617]

[ 100 737]

45% WP [ 100 780] 0.225 2@ 0.1688 lb ai/ A or 1@ 0.225 lb ai/ A 0.34 10 NS Use is limited to Minnesota.

Apply at lower rate at both booting and heading, OR make one application at the higher rate at booting. Do not use water from treated fields to 95 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 irrigate other crops.

Rye ( See " Cereals")

Stone Fruits ( Sweet or tart Cherry, Apricots, Nectarines, Peaches, and Plums or Prune)

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ 100 702]

45% WP [ 100 781] 0.1125 2 0.225 10 Two applications may be made during the period beginning 10

14 days before harvest through the day of harvest.

Alternatively, the first application may be made at early bloom stage and the second application may be made as needed through petal fall.

Sugarcane Seed Piece Treatment Postharvest Cold or hot water dip 45% WP [ 100 780] 0.1125 lb ai/ 500 gal water 1 0.1125 lb ai/ 500 gal water N/ A N/ A Use is limited to Hawaii.

Immerse or soak cut seed pieces for control of disease.

Sunflower ( Breeder's seed)

Foliar spray 41.8% EC [ IL 050002]

[ TX 000006] 0.1125 4 0.45 7 N/ A Apply foliar spray, when disease first appears. 96 Application Type Application Equipment Formulation 1 [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Single Application Rate ( lb ai/ A) Maximum Number of Apps. per Season Maximum Seasonal Rate ( lb ai/ A) Minimum Application Interval ( days) Preharvest Interval ( PHI)

( days) Use Directions and Limitations 2 Wheat ( See also " Cereals")

Preharvest foliar Ground or aerial 41.8% EC [ GA 980003]

[ IN 980003]

[ MI 980001]

[ MN 980003]

[ MS 980004]

[ VA 980003]

[ WA 980018]

[ AR 030008]

[ MO 980003]

[ KS 030001]

[ TN 030002]

[ OH 040002]

[ KY 050002] 0.1125 1 0.1125 N/ A 40 Apply to the emerging flag leaf.

Do not apply after full head emergence ( Feekes growth stage 10.5).

1 The 41.8% EC formulations have been determined to contain 3.6 lb ai/ gal of propiconazole based on historical data.

2 Propiconazole may be tank mixed with other fungicides; however labels for EPA Reg. Nos. 100 702 and 100 781 state that tank mixing with Cyprex ® may cause crop injury.

Note: The 41.8% EC [ EPA Reg. Nos. 100 617 and 100 737] and the 45% WP [ EPA Reg. No. 100 780] are the only products currently registered for use on rotatable crops. The labels for these formulations state that soybeans may be planted as a double crop following a cereal crop which has been treated with the product, but soybean hay, forage, and fodder may not be used as any component of animal feed or bedding. The labels specify that any food/ feed crops not listed on the label should not be planted within 105 days of treatment. 97 APPENDIX A2: Maximum Rates and Applications for Nonfood Uses of Propiconazole Eligible for Reregistration Application Type and/ or Timing Application Equipment Typical Formulation [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Application Rate Maximum Number of Applications Per Crop Cycle Maximum Annual Application Rate ( lb ai/ A/ year) Minimum Retreatment Interval NONBEARING FRUIT AND NUT TREES Non bearing Apple Foliar Hose end and pump up sprayer Alamo ® 14.3% ai [ 100 741]

Tilt 41.8 % EC [ 100 617] 0.08 lb ai/ A Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ year 14 days Non bearing Nectarine, Peach Plum, Cherry Foliar Hose end and pump up sprayer Tilt ® 41.8% EC [ 100 617] 0.04 lb ai/ 100 gal Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ year 14 days Non bearing Pecan Non bearing Aerial, ground, hose end and pump up sprayer Tilt ® 41.8% EC [ 100 617] 0.12 lb ai/ 100 gal 3 7.2 lb ai/ A/ yr 14 days Non bearing Citrus June, July, August Aerial, ground, hose end and pump up sprayer Orbit ®

41.8% EC [ 100 702]

Banner GL ®

41.8% EC [ 100 736] 0.225 lb ai/ A Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ yr 14 days Non bearing Walnut Foliar Spray Tilt ® 41.8% EC [ 100 617] 0.08 lb ai/ 100 gal. Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ yr 14 days 98 Application Type and/ or Timing Application Equipment Typical Formulation [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Application Rate Maximum Number of Applications Per Crop Cycle Maximum Annual Application Rate ( lb ai/ A/ year) Minimum Retreatment Interval TURF AND ORNAMENTALS Ground Cover Foliar Hose end and pump up sprayer Banner GL ®

41.8% EC [ 100 736] 0.7524 lb ai/ A Not Specified 37 packets 14 days Lawns, Turf, and Golf Courses Foliar Hose end and pump up sprayer Ground boom sprayer Banner GL ®

41.8% EC [ 100 736]

Tilt ® 41.8% EC [ 100 617] 1.79 lb ai/ A Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ yr 14 days Industrial/ Commercial Lawns and Turf When needed Ground spray Banner GL ®

41.8% ai [ 100 736]

Tilt Bravo ® SE 2.9% [ 100 1192] 0.02 lb/ 1K sq. ft. 2 Not Specified 14 days Shade Trees ( injection)

Root Injection Alamo ®

14.3% liquid [ 100 741] 0.0069 lb ai/ DBH 1 Not Specified Not Applicable Shade Trees ( outdoor spray), Herbaceous Plants, Ornamental Woody Shrubs and Vines Hose end and pump up sprayer Banner GL ®

41.8% ai [ 100 736]

Tilt ® 41.8% EC [ 100 617] 0.24 lb ai/ 100 gal Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ yr Not Specified Sod Farm Turf Ground bloom Sprayer Alamo ® 1.79 lb ai/ A Not Specified 7.2 lb ai/ A/ yr 7 99 Application Type and/ or Timing Application Equipment Typical Formulation [ EPA Reg. No.] Maximum Application Rate Maximum Number of Applications Per Crop Cycle Maximum Annual Application Rate ( lb ai/ A/ year) Minimum Retreatment Interval 14.3% ai liquid [ 100 741]

Banner GL 41.8% ai [ 100 736]

Tilt ® 41.8% EC [ 100 617] Non bearing Blueberries Non bearing Spray 41.8% EC [ FL 940005] 0.169 lb ai/ A 5 0.85 lb ai/ A/ yr 28 days ( June October)

Non bearing Hazelnuts At emergence Aerial and ground 41.8% EC [ OR 040003] 0.225 lb ai/ A No more than 32 oz of Orbit ® / A/ season 0.90 14 days Note: PPZ 1.55% HG [ EPA Reg. No. 100 773] and PPZ 1.55% Multi purpose fungicide [ Reg. No. 100 952] are also used in residential consumer market. These labels have lower application rates than Alamo/ Banner MAXX [ EPA Reg No. 100 741]. 100 APPENDIX A3 Propiconazole Antimicrobial Uses Eligible for Reregistration Use Site Typical Formulation [ EPA Reg. No.]

% ai Maximum Application Rate Maximum Number of Applications/

Minimum Retreatment Interval Use Directions and Limitations Application Method from Labels Antimicrobial Uses   Material Preservative 50% SL [ 43813 37]