Sec.  1065.610  Duty-cycle generation.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) Determine the lowest and highest engine speeds corresponding
to 98% of Pmax, using linear interpolation, and no
extrapolation, as appropriate.
    (iii) Determine the engine speed corresponding to maximum power,
fnPmax, by calculating the average of the two speed values
from paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. If there is only one speed
where power is equal to 98% of Pmax, take fnPmax
as the speed at which Pmax occurs.
* * * * *
    (vi) Determine the lowest and highest engine speeds corresponding
to the value calculated in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this section, using
linear interpolation as appropriate. Calculate fntest as the
average of these two speed values. If there is only one speed
corresponding to the value calculated in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this
section, take fntest as the speed where the maximum of the
sum of the squares occurs.
* * * * *
    (2) For engines with a high-speed governor that will be subject to
a reference duty cycle that specifies normalized speeds greater than
100%, calculate an alternate maximum test speed, fntest,alt,
as specified in this paragraph (a)(2). If fntest,alt is less
than the measured maximum test speed, fntest, determined in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, replace fntest with
fntest,alt. In this case, fntest,alt becomes the
``maximum test speed'' for that engine. Note that Sec.  1065.510 allows
you to apply an optional declared maximum test speed to the final
measured maximum test speed determined as an outcome of the comparison
between fntest, and fntest,alt in this paragraph
(a)(2). Determine fntest,alt as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.160

Where:

fntest,alt = alternate maximum test speed
fnhi,idle = warm high-idle speed
fnidle = warm idle speed
% speedmax = maximum normalized speed from duty cycle
    Example:
fnhi,idle = 2200 r/min
fnidle = 800 r/min
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.161

fntest,alt = 2133 r/min
* * * * *
    (b) Maximum test torque, Ttest. For constant-speed engines,
determine the measured Ttest from the torque and power-
versus-speed maps, generated according to Sec.  1065.510, as follows:
    (1) For constant speed engines mapped using the methods in Sec.
1065.510(d)(5)(i) or (ii), determine Ttest as follows:
    (i) Determine maximum power, Pmax, from the engine map
generated according to Sec.  1065.510 and calculate the value for power
equal to 98% of Pmax.
    (ii) Determine the lowest and highest engine speeds corresponding
to 98% of Pmax, using linear interpolation, and no
extrapolation, as appropriate.
    (iii) Determine the engine speed corresponding to maximum power,
fnPmax, by calculating the average of the two speed values
from paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. If there is only one speed
where power is equal to 98% of Pmax, take fnPmax
as the speed at which Pmax occurs.
    (iv) Transform the map into a normalized power-versus-speed map by
dividing power terms by Pmax and dividing speed terms by
fnPmax. Use Eq. 1065.610-1 to calculate a quantity
representing the sum of squares from the normalized map.
    (v) Determine the maximum value for the sum of the squares from the
map and multiply that value by 0.98.
    (vi) Determine the lowest and highest engine speeds corresponding
to the value calculated in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this section, using
linear interpolation as appropriate. Calculate fntest as the
average of these two speed values. If there is only one speed
corresponding to the value calculated in paragraph (a)(1)(v) of this
section, take fntest as the speed where the maximum of the
sum of the squares occurs.
    (vii) The measured Ttest is the mapped torque at
fntest.
    (2) For constant-speed engines using the two-point mapping method
in Sec.  1065.510(d)(5)(iii), you may follow paragraph (a)(1) of this
section to determine the measured Ttest, or you may use the
measured torque of the second point as the measured Ttest
directly.
    (3) Transform normalized torques to reference torques according to
paragraph (d) of this section by using the measured maximum test torque
determined according to paragraph (b)(1) of this section--or use your
declared maximum test torque, as allowed in Sec.  1065.510.
    (c) * * *
    (1) % speed. If your normalized duty cycle specifies % speed
values, use your warm idle speed and your maximum test speed to
transform the duty cycle, as follows:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.162

    Example:
% speed = 85% = 0.85
fntest = 2364 r/min
fnidle = 650 r/min
fnref = 0.85  (2364-650) + 650
fnref = 2107 r/min

    (2) A, B, and C speeds. If your normalized duty cycle specifies
speeds as A, B, or C values, use your power-versus-speed curve to
determine the lowest speed below maximum power at which 50% of maximum
power occurs. Denote this value as nlo. Take nlo
to be warm idle speed if all power points at speeds below the maximum
power speed are higher than 50% of maximum power. Also determine the
highest speed above maximum power at which 70% of maximum power occurs.
Denote this value as nhi. If all power points at speeds
above the maximum power speed are higher than 70% of maximum power,
take nhi to be the declared maximum safe engine speed or the
declared maximum representative engine speed, whichever is lower. Use
nhi and nlo to calculate reference values for A,
B, or C speeds as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.163

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.164

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.165

    Example:
nlo = 1005 r/min
nhi = 2385 r/min
fnrefA = 0.25  (2385-1005) + 1005
fnrefB = 0.50  (2385-1005) + 1005
fnrefC = 0.75  (2385-1005) + 1005
fnrefA = 1350 r/min
fnrefB = 1695 r/min
fnrefC = 2040 r/min
* * * * *

0
264. Section 1065.640 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c),
(d), and (e)(3) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.640  Flow meter calibration calculations.

* * * * *
    (a) Reference meter conversions. The calibration equations in this
section use molar flow rate, nref, as a reference quantity.
If your reference meter outputs a flow rate in a different quantity,
such as standard volume rate, vstdref, actual volume rate,
vactref, or mass rate, mref, convert your
reference meter output to a molar flow rate using the following
equations, noting that while values for volume rate, mass rate,
pressure, temperature, and molar mass may change during an emission
test, you should ensure that they are as constant as practical for each
individual set point during a flow meter calibration:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.166

Where:

nref = reference molar flow rate.
vstdref = reference volume flow rate, corrected to a
standard pressure and a standard temperature.
vactref = reference volume flow rate at the actual
pressure and temperature of the flow rate.
mref = reference mass flow.
pstd = standard pressure.
pact = actual pressure of the flow rate.
Tstd = standard temperature.
Tact = actual temperature of the flow rate.
R = molar gas constant.
Mmix = molar mass of the flow rate.
    Example 1:
vstdref = 1000.00 ft\3\/min = 0.471948 m\3\/s
pstd = 29.9213 in Hg @32[emsp14][deg]F = 101.325 kPa =
101325 Pa = 101325 kg/(ms\2\)
Tstd = 68.0[emsp14][deg]F = 293.15 K
R = 8.314472 J/(molK) = 8.314472 (m\2\kg)/
(s\2\molK)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.167

nref = 19.619 mol/s

    Example 2:
mref = 17.2683 kg/min = 287.805 g/s
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.168

nref = 10.0000 mol/s

    (b) PDP calibration calculations. Perform the following steps to
calibrate a PDP flow meter:
    (1) Calculate PDP volume pumped per revolution, Vrev,
for each restrictor position from the mean values determined in Sec.
1065.340 as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.169

Where:

nref = mean reference molar flow rate.
R = molar gas constant.
Tin = mean temperature at the PDP inlet.
Pin = mean static absolute pressure at the PDP inlet.
fnPDP = mean PDP speed.
    Example:
nref = 25.096 mol/s
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 299.5 K
Pin = 98.290 kPa = 98290 Pa = 98290 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
fnPDP = 1205.1 r/min = 20.085 r/s

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.170

Vrev = 0.03166 m\3\/r

    (2) Calculate a PDP slip correction factor, Ks, for each
restrictor position from the mean values determined in Sec.  1065.340
as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.171

Where:
fnPDP = mean PDP speed.
Pout = mean static absolute pressure at the PDP outlet.
Pin = mean static absolute pressure at the PDP inlet.
    Example:
fnPDP = 1205.1 r/min = 20.085 r/s
Pout = 100.103 kPa
Pin = 98.290 kPa
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.172

Ks = 0.006700 s/r

    (3) Perform a least-squares regression of Vrev, versus
Ks, by calculating slope, a1, and intercept,
a0, as described in Sec.  1065.602.
    (4) Repeat the procedure in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this
section for every speed that you run your PDP.
    (5) The following table illustrates a range of typical values for
different PDP speeds:

                           Table 1 of Sec.   1065.640--Example of PDP Calibration Data
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      fnPDP (revolution/s)                          a1 (m\3\/s)         a0 (m\3\/revolution)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12.6...........................................................              0.841                         0.056
16.5...........................................................              0.831                        -0.013
20.9...........................................................              0.809                         0.028
23.4...........................................................              0.788                        -0.061
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (6) For each speed at which you operate the PDP, use the
appropriate regression equation from this paragraph (b) to calculate
flow rate during emission testing as described in Sec.  1065.642.
    (c) Venturi governing equations and permissible assumptions. This
section describes the governing equations and permissible assumptions
for calibrating a venturi and calculating flow using a venturi. Because
a subsonic venturi (SSV) and a critical-flow venturi (CFV) both operate
similarly, their governing equations are nearly the same, except for
the equation describing their pressure ratio, r (i.e., rSSV
versus rCFV). These governing equations assume one-
dimensional isentropic inviscid flow of an ideal gas. Paragraph (c)(5)
of this section describes other assumptions that may apply. If good
engineering judgment dictates that you account for gas compressibility,
you may either use an appropriate equation of state to determine values
of Z as a function of measured pressure and temperature, or you may
develop your own calibration equations based on good engineering
judgment. Note that the equation for the flow coefficient,
Cf, is based on the ideal gas assumption that the isentropic
exponent, [gamma], is equal to the ratio of specific heats,
Cp/Cv. If good engineering judgment dictates
using a real gas isentropic exponent, you may either use an appropriate
equation of state to determine values of [gamma] as a function of
measured pressures and temperatures, or you may develop your own
calibration equations based on good engineering judgment.
    (1) Calculate molar flow rate, n, as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.173

Where:

    Cd = discharge coefficient, as determined in
paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
    Cf = flow coefficient, as determined in paragraph
(c)(3) of this section.
    At = venturi throat cross-sectional area.
    pin = venturi inlet absolute static pressure.
    Z = compressibility factor.
    Mmix = molar mass of gas mixture.
    R = molar gas constant.
    Tin = venturi inlet absolute temperature.

    (2) Using the data collected in Sec.  1065.340, calculate
Cd for each flow rate using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.174

Where:

nref = a reference molar flow rate.

    (3) Determine Cf using one of the following methods:
    (i) For CFV flow meters only, determine CfCFV from the
following table based on your values for [beta] and [gamma], using
linear interpolation to find intermediate values:

 Table 2 of Sec.   1065.640-CfCFV Versus [beta] and [gamma] for CFV Flow
                                 Meters
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                  CfCFV
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       [gamma]dexh =
         [beta]              [gamma]exh = 385        [gamma]air = 399
------------------------------------------------------------------------
            0.000                   0.6822                  0.6846
            0.400                   0.6857                  0.6881
            0.500                   0.6910                  0.6934
            0.550                   0.6953                  0.6977
            0.600                   0.7011                  0.7036
            0.625                   0.7047                  0.7072
            0.650                   0.7089                  0.7114
            0.675                   0.7137                  0.7163
            0.700                   0.7193                  0.7219
            0.720                   0.7245                  0.7271
            0.740                   0.7303                  0.7329
            0.760                   0.7368                  0.7395
            0.770                   0.7404                  0.7431
            0.780                   0.7442                  0.7470
            0.790                   0.7483                  0.7511
            0.800                   0.7527                  0.7555
            0.810                   0.7573                  0.7602
            0.820                   0.7624                  0.7652
            0.830                   0.7677                  0.7707
            0.840                   0.7735                  0.7765
            0.850                   0.7798                  0.7828
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (ii) For any CFV or SSV flow meter, you may use the following
equation to calculate Cf for each flow rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.175

Where:

[gamma] = isentropic exponent. For an ideal gas, this is the ratio
of specific heats of the gas mixture, Cp/Cv.
r = pressure ratio, as determined in paragraph (c)(4) of this
section.
[beta] = ratio of venturi throat to inlet diameters.

    (4) Calculate r as follows:
    (i) For SSV systems only, calculate rSSV using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.176

Where:

[Delta]pSSV = Differential static pressure; venturi inlet
minus venturi throat.

    (ii) For CFV systems only, calculate rCFV iteratively
using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.177

    (5) You may apply any of the following simplifying assumptions or
develop other values as appropriate for your test configuration,
consistent with good engineering judgment:
    (i) For raw exhaust, diluted exhaust, and dilution air, you may
assume that the gas mixture behaves as an ideal gas: Z = 1.
    (ii) For raw exhaust, you may assume [gamma] = 1.385.
    (iii) For diluted exhaust and dilution air, you may assume [gamma]
= 1.399.
    (iv) For diluted exhaust and dilution air, you may assume the molar
mass of the mixture, Mmix, is a function only of the amount
of water in the dilution air or calibration air, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.178

Where:

Mair = molar mass of dry air.
xH2O = amount of H2O in the dilution air or
calibration air, determined as described in Sec.  1065.645.
MH2O = molar mass of water.

    Example:
Mair = 28.96559 g/mol
xH2O = 0.0169 mol/mol
MH2O = 18.01528 g/mol
Mmix = 28.96559 [middot] (1- 0.0169) + 18.01528 [middot]
0.0169
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol

    (v) For diluted exhaust and dilution air, you may assume a constant
molar mass of the mixture, Mmix, for all calibration and all
testing as long as your assumed molar mass differs no more than 1% from the estimated minimum and maximum molar mass during
calibration and testing.
    You may assume this, using good engineering judgment, if you
sufficiently control the amount of water in calibration air and in
dilution air or if you remove sufficient water from both calibration
air and dilution air. The following table gives examples of permissible
ranges of dilution air dewpoint versus calibration air dewpoint:

  Table 3 of Sec.   1065.640--Examples of Dilution Air and Calibration Air Dewpoints at Which You May Assume a
                                                  Constant Mmix
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                     assume the
                                                                     following       for the following ranges of
             If calibration Tdew ([deg]C) is . . .               constant Mmix (g/      Tdew ([deg]C) during
                                                                     mol) . . .          emission tests \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dry............................................................           28.96559                     dry to 18
0..............................................................           28.89263                     dry to 21
5..............................................................           28.86148                     dry to 22
10.............................................................           28.81911                     dry to 24
15.............................................................           28.76224                     dry to 26
20.............................................................           28.68685                      -8 to 28
25.............................................................           28.58806                      12 to 31
30.............................................................           28.46005                      23 to 34
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Range valid for all calibration and emission testing over the atmospheric pressure range (80.000 to 103.325)
  kPa.

    (6) The following example illustrates the use of the governing
equations to calculate Cd of an SSV flow meter at one
reference flow meter value. Note that calculating Cd for a
CFV flow meter would be similar, except that Cf would be
determined from Table 2 of this section or calculated iteratively using
values of [beta] and [gamma] as described in paragraph (c)(2) of this
section.

    Example:
nref = 57.625 mol/s
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol [middot] K) = 8.314472 (m\2\ [middot] kg)/(s\2\
[middot] mol [middot] K)
Tin = 298.15 K
At = 0.01824 m\2\
pin = 99.132 kPa = 99132.0 Pa = 99132 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
[gamma] = 1.399
[beta] = 0.8
[Delta]p = 2.312 kPa

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.179

Cf = 0.274
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.314

Cd = 0.982

    (d) SSV calibration. Perform the following steps to calibrate an
SSV flow meter:
    (1) Calculate the Reynolds number, Re#, for each
reference molar flow rate, nref, using the throat diameter
of the venturi, dt. Because the dynamic viscosity, [mu], is
needed to compute Re#, you may use your own fluid viscosity
model to determine [mu] for your calibration gas (usually air), using
good engineering judgment. Alternatively, you may use the Sutherland
three-coefficient viscosity model to approximate [mu], as shown in the
following sample calculation for Re#:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.315

    Where, using the Sutherland three-coefficient viscosity model:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.180

Where:

[mu][ihel0] = Sutherland reference viscosity.
T[ihel0] = Sutherland reference temperature.
S = Sutherland constant.

                                  Table 4 of Sec.   1065.640-- Sutherland Three-Coefficient Viscosity Model Parameters
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                            [mu][ihel0]        T[ihel0]            S          Temperature range within          Pressure limit \b\
                                         ---------------------------------------------------   2% error \b\ --------------------------------
                 Gas \a\                                                                    ----------------------------
                                          kg/(m[middot]s)         K                K                      K                            kPa
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Air.....................................   1.716 [middot]              273              111  170 to 1900...............  <= 1800
                                                   10-\5\
CO[ihel2]...............................   1.370 [middot]              273              222  190 to 1700...............  <= 3600
                                                   10-\5\
H[ihel2]................................    1.12 [middot]              350             1064  360 to 1500...............  <= 10000
                                                   10-\5\
O[ihel2]................................   1.919 [middot]              273              139  190 to 2000...............  <= 2500
                                                   10-\5\
N[ihel2]................................   1.663 [middot]              273              107  100 to 1500...............  <= 1600
                                                   10-\5\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Use tabulated parameters only for the pure gases, as listed. Do not combine parameters in calculations to calculate viscosities of gas mixtures.
\b\ The model results are valid only for ambient conditions in the specified ranges.

    Example:
[mu]0 = 1.716 [middot] 10-\5\ kg/(m[middot]s)
T[ihel0] = 273 K
S = 111 K

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.181

[mu] = 1.838 [middot] 10-5 kg/(m[middot]s)
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol
nref = 57.625 mol/s
dt = 152.4 mm = 0.1524 m
Tin = 298.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.182

Re# = 7.538[middot]108

    (2) Create an equation for Cd as a function of
Re#, using paired values of the two quantities. The equation
may involve any mathematical expression, including a polynomial or a
power series. The following equation is an example of a commonly used
mathematical expression for relating Cd and Re#:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.183

    (3) Perform a least-squares regression analysis to determine the
best-fit coefficients for the equation and calculate SEE as described
in Sec.  1065.602.
    (4) If the equation meets the criterion of SEE <= 0.5% [middot]
Cdmax, you may use the equation for the corresponding range
of Re#, as described in Sec.  1065.642.
    (5) If the equation does not meet the specified statistical
criterion, you may use good engineering judgment to omit calibration
data points; however you must use at least seven calibration data
points to demonstrate that you meet the criterion. For example, this
may involve narrowing the range of flow rates for a better curve fit.
    (6) Take corrective action if the equation does not meet the
specified statistical criterion even after omitting calibration data
points. For example, select another mathematical expression for the
Cd versus Re# equation, check for leaks, or
repeat the calibration process. If you must repeat the calibration
process, we recommend applying tighter tolerances to measurements and
allowing more time for flows to stabilize.
    (7) Once you have an equation that meets the specified statistical
criterion, you may use the equation only for the corresponding range of
Re#.
    (e) * * *
    (3) If the standard deviation of all the Cd values is
less than or equal to 0.3% of the mean Cd, use the mean
Cd in Eq. 1065.642-4, and use the CFV only up to the highest
venturi pressure ratio, r, measured during calibration using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.184

Where:

[Delta]pCFV = Differential static pressure; venturi inlet
minus venturi outlet.
* * * * *

0
265. Section 1065.642 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.642  PDP, SSV, and CFV molar flow rate calculations.

    This section describes the equations for calculating molar flow
rates from various flow meters. After you calibrate a flow meter
according to Sec.  1065.640, use the calculations described in this
section to calculate flow during an emission test.
    (a) PDP molar flow rate. (1) Based on the speed at which you
operate the PDP for a test interval, select the corresponding slope,
a1, and intercept, a0, as calculated in Sec.
1065.640, to calculate PDP molar flow rate,, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.185

Where:

fnPDP = pump speed.
Vrev = PDP volume pumped per revolution, as determined in
paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
pin = static absolute pressure at the PDP inlet.
R = molar gas constant.
Tin = absolute temperature at the PDP inlet.

    (2) Calculate Vrev using the following equation:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.186

pout = static absolute pressure at the PDP outlet.
    Example:
a1 = 0.8405 (m\3\/s)
fnPDP = 12.58 r/s
Pout = 99.950 kPa
Pin = 98.575 kPa = 98575 Pa = 98575 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
a0 = 0.056 (m\3\/r)
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 323.5 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.187

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.188

n = 29.428 mol/s

    (b) SSV molar flow rate. Calculate SSV molar flow rate, n, as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.316

Where:

Cd = discharge coefficient, as determined based on the
Cd versus Re# equation in Sec.
1065.640(d)(2).
Cf = flow coefficient, as determined in Sec.
1065.640(c)(2)(ii).
At = venturi throat cross-sectional area.
Pin = static absolute pressure at the venturi inlet.
Z = compressibility factor.
Mmix = molar mass of gas mixture.
R = molar gas constant.
Tin = absolute temperature at the venturi inlet.

    Example:
At = 0.01824 m\2\
pin = 99.132 kPa = 99132 Pa = 99132 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 298.15 K
Re# = 7.232[middot]10\5\
[gamma] = 1.399
[beta] = 0.8
[Delta]p = 2.312 kPa

    Using Eq. 1065.640-7, rssv = 0.997

    Using Eq. 1065.640-6, Cf = 0.274

    Using Eq. 1065.640-5, Cd = 0.990
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.189

n = 58.173 mol/s

    (c) CFV molar flow rate. If you use multiple venturis and you
calibrate each venturi independently to determine a separate discharge
coefficient, Cd (or calibration coefficient, Kv),
for each venturi, calculate the individual molar flow rates through
each venturi and sum all their flow rates to determine CFV flow rate,
n. If you use multiple venturis and you calibrated venturis in
combination, calculate n using the sum of the active venturi throat
areas as At, the square root of the sum of the squares of
the active venturi throat diameters as dt, and the ratio of
the venturi throat to inlet diameters as the ratio of the square root
of the sum of the active venturi throat diameters (dt) to
the diameter of the common entrance to all the venturis (D).
    (1) To calculate n through one venturi or one combination of
venturis, use its respective mean Cd and other constants you
determined according to Sec.  1065.640 and calculate n as follows:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.190

    Example:
Cd = 0.985
Cf = 0.7219
At = 0.00456 m\2\
pin = 98.836 kPa = 98836 Pa = 98836 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
Z = 1
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
Tin = 378.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.191

n = 33.690 mol/s

    (2) To calculate the molar flow rate through one venturi or a
combination of venturis, you may use its respective mean,
Kv, and other constants you determined according to Sec.
1065.640 and calculate its molar flow rate n during an emission test.
Note that if you follow the permissible ranges of dilution air dewpoint
versus calibration air dewpoint in Table 3 of Sec.  1065.640, you may
set Mmix-cal and Mmix equal to 1. Calculate n as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.192

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.193

Vstdref = volume flow rate of the standard at reference
conditions of 293.15 K and 101.325 kPa.
Tin-cal = venturi inlet temperature during calibration.
Pin-cal = venturi inlet pressure during calibration.
Mmix-cal = molar mass of gas mixture used during
calibration.
Mmix = molar mass of gas mixture during the emission test
calculated using Eq. 1065.640-9.

    Example:
Vstdref = 0.4895 m\3\
Tin-cal = 302.52 K
Pin-cal = 99.654 kPa = 99654 Pa = 99654 kg/
(m[middot]s\2\)
pin = 98.836 kPa = 98836 Pa = 98836 kg/(m[middot]s\2\)
pstd = 101.325 kPa = 101325 Pa = 101325 kg/
(m[middot]s\2\)
Mmix-cal = 28.9656 g/mol = 0.0289656 kg/mol
Mmix = 28.7805 g/mol = 0.0287805 kg/mol
Tin = 353.15 K
Tstd = 293.15 K
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K) = 8.314472 (m\2\[middot]kg)/
(s\2\[middot]mol[middot]K)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.194

n = 16.457 mol/s

0
266. Section 1065.645 is amended by revising paragraphs (c) and (d) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.645  Amount of water in an ideal gas.

* * * * *
    (c) Relative humidity. If you measure humidity as a relative
humidity, RH, determine the amount of water in an ideal gas,
xH2O, as follows:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.195

Where:

xH2O = amount of water in an ideal gas.
RH = relative humidity.
pH2O = water vapor pressure at 100% relative humidity at
the location of your relative humidity measurement, Tsat
= Tamb.
pabs = wet static absolute pressure at the location of
your relative humidity measurement.

    Example:
RH = 50.77% = 0.5077
pabs = 99.980 kPa
Tsat = Tamb = 20 [deg]C
    Using Eq. 1065.645-1,
pH2O = 2.3371 kPa
xH2O = (0.5077 [middot] 2.3371)/99.980
xH2O = 0.011868 mol/mol

    (d) Dewpoint determination from relative humidity and dry bulb
temperature. This paragraph (d) describes how to calculate dewpoint
temperature from relative humidity, RH. This is based on ``ITS-90
Formulations for Vapor Pressure, Frostpoint Temperature, Dewpoint
Temperature, and Enhancement Factors in the Range -100 to + 100
[deg]C'' (Hardy, B., The Proceedings of the Third International
Symposium on Humidity & Moisture, Teddington, London, England, April
1998). Calculate pH20sat as described in paragraph (a) of
this section based on setting Tsat equal to Tamb.
Calculate pH20scaled by multiplying pH20sat by
RH. Calculate the dewpoint, Tdew, from pH20 using
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.196

Where:

ln(pH2O) = the natural log of pH2Oscaled,
which is the water vapor pressure scaled to the relative humidity at
the location of the relative humidity measurement, Tsat =
Tamb

    Example:
RH = 39.61% = 0.3961
Tsat = Tamb = 20.00 [deg]C = 293.15K
    Using Eq. 1065.645-1,
pH2Osat = 2.3371 kPa
pH2Oscaled = (0.3961 [middot] 2.3371) = 0.925717 kPa =
925.717 Pa
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.197

0
267. Section 1065.650 is amended by adding paragraph (c)(6) and
revising paragraphs (e)(2), (f)(2), (f)(4), and (g)(2)(ii) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.650  Emission calculations.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) Mass of NMNEHC. If the test fuel has less than 0.010 mol/mol of
ethane and you omit the NMNEHC calculations as described in Sec.
1065.660(c)(1), take the corrected mass of NMNEHC to be 0.95 times the
corrected mass of NMHC.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) To calculate an engine's mean steady-state total power, P, add
the mean steady-state power from all the work paths described in Sec.
1065.210 that cross the system boundary including electrical power,
mechanical shaft power, and fluid pumping power. For all work paths,
except the engine's primary output shaft (crankshaft), the mean steady-
state power over the test interval is the integration of the net work
flow rate (power) out of the system boundary divided by the period of
the test interval. When power flows into the system boundary, the
power/work flow rate signal becomes negative; in this case, include
these negative power/work rate values in the integration to calculate
the mean power from that work path. Some work paths may result in a
negative mean power. Include negative mean power values from any work
path in the mean total power from the engine rather than setting these
values to zero. The rest of this paragraph (e)(2) describes how to
calculate the mean power from the engine's primary output shaft.
Calculate P using Eq. 1065.650-13, noting that P, fn, and T
refer to mean power, mean rotational shaft frequency, and mean torque
from the primary output shaft. Account for the power of simulated
accessories according to Sec.  1065.110 (reducing the mean primary
output shaft power or torque by the accessory power or torque). Set the
power to zero during actual motoring operation (negative feedback
torques), unless the engine was connected to one or more energy storage
devices. Examples of such energy storage devices include hybrid
powertrain batteries and hydraulic accumulators, like the ones
illustrated in Figure 1 of Sec.  1065.210. Set the power to zero for
modes with a zero reference load (0 N[middot]m reference torque or 0 kW
reference power). Include power during idle modes with simulated
minimum torque or power.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.198

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) Total work. To calculate a value proportional to total work
over a test interval, integrate a value that is proportional to power.
Use information about the brake-specific fuel consumption of your
engine, efuel, to convert a signal proportional to fuel flow
rate to a signal proportional to power. To determine a signal
proportional to fuel flow rate, divide a signal that is proportional to
the mass rate of carbon products by the fraction of carbon in your
fuel, wC. You may use a measured wC or you may
use default values for a given fuel as described in Sec.  1065.655(e).
Calculate the mass rate of carbon from the amount of carbon and water
in the exhaust, which you determine with a chemical balance of fuel,
intake air, and exhaust as described in Sec.  1065.655. In the chemical
balance, you must use concentrations from the flow that generated the
signal proportional to molar flow rate, nj, in paragraph (e)(1) of this
section. Calculate a value proportional to total work as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.199

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.200

* * * * *
    (4)

    Example:  The following example shows how to calculate mass of
emissions using proportional values:
N = 3000
[fnof]record = 5 Hz
efuel = 285 g/(kW[middot]hr)
wfuel = 0.869 g/g
MC = 12.0107 g/mol
nj1 = 3.922 mol/s = 14119.2 mol/hr
[khgr]Ccombdry1 = 91.634 mmol/mol = 0.091634 mol/mol
[khgr]H2Oexh1 = 27.21 mmol/mol = 0.02721 mol/mol
    Using Eq. 1065.650-5,
[Delta]t = 0.2 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.201

W = 5.09 (kW[middot]hr)

    (g) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Use the following equation if you calculate brake-specific
emissions over test intervals based on the ratio of mass rate to power
as described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.202

Where:

i = test interval number.
N = number of test intervals.
WF = weighting factor for the test interval as defined in the
standard-setting part.

mi = mean steady-state mass rate of emissions over the test interval
as determined in paragraph (e) of this section.
P = mean steady-state power over the test interval as described in
paragraph (e) of this section.

    Example:
N = 2
WF1 = 0.85
WF2 = 0.15
mi1 = 2.25842 g/hr
mi2 = 0.063443 g/hr
P1 = 4.5383 kW
P2 = 0.0 kW
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.203

eNOxcomposite = 0.5001 g/kW[middot]hr
* * * * *

0
268. Section 1065.655 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising paragraphs (a), (b), (c) introductory text, (c)(3), and
(d).
0
b. By redesignating paragraphs (e) and (f) as paragraphs (f) and (g),
respectively.
0
c. By adding a new paragraph (e).
0
d. By revising the newly redesignated paragraph (f)(3).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.655  Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust.

    (a) General. Chemical balances of fuel, intake air, and exhaust may
be used to calculate flows, the amount of water in their flows, and the
wet concentration of constituents in their flows. With one flow rate of
either fuel, intake air, or exhaust, you may use chemical balances to
determine the flows of the other two. For example, you may use chemical
balances along with either intake air or fuel flow to determine raw
exhaust flow. Note that chemical balance calculations require measured
values for the flow rate of diesel exhaust fluid, if applicable.
    (b) Procedures that require chemical balances. We require chemical
balances when you determine the following:
    (1) A value proportional to total work, W, when you choose to
determine brake-specific emissions as described in Sec.  1065.650(f).
    (2) Raw exhaust molar flow rate either from measured intake air
molar flow rate or from fuel mass flow rate as described in paragraph
(f) of this section.
    (3) Raw exhaust molar flow rate from measured intake air molar flow
rate and dilute exhaust molar flow rate, as described in paragraph (g)
of this section.
    (4) The amount of water in a raw or diluted exhaust flow,
[chi]H2Oexh, when you do not measure the amount of water to
correct for the amount of water removed by a sampling system. Correct
for removed water according to Sec.  1065.659.
    (5) The calculated total dilution air flow when you do not measure
dilution air flow to correct for background emissions as described in
Sec.  1065.667(c) and (d).
    (c) Chemical balance procedure. The calculations for a chemical
balance involve a system of equations that require iteration. We
recommend using a computer to solve this system of equations. You must
guess the initial values of up to three quantities: The amount of water
in the measured flow, [chi]H2Oexh, fraction of dilution air
in diluted exhaust, [chi]dil/exh, and the amount of products
on a C1 basis per dry mole of dry measured flow,
[chi]Ccombdry. You may use time-weighted mean values of
combustion air humidity and dilution air humidity in the chemical
balance; as long as your combustion air and dilution air humidities
remain within tolerances of 0.0025 mol/mol of their
respective mean values over the test interval. For each emission
concentration, [chi], and amount of water, [chi]H2Oexh, you
must determine their completely dry concentrations, [chi]dry
and [chi]H2Oexhdry. You must also use your fuel mixture's
atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, [alpha], oxygen-to-carbon ratio,
[beta], sulfur-to-carbon ratio, [gamma], and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio,
[delta], you may optionally account for diesel exhaust fluid (or other
fluids injected into the exhaust), if applicable. You may calculate
[alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] based on measured fuel and diesel
exhaust fluid composition or you may use default values as described in
paragraph (e) of this section. Use the following steps to complete a
chemical balance:
* * * * *
    (3) Use the following symbols and subscripts in the equations for
performing the chemical balance calculations in this paragraph (c):

[chi]dil/exh = amount of dilution gas or excess air per
mole of exhaust.
[chi]H2Oexh = amount of H2O in exhaust per
mole of exhaust.
[chi]Ccombdry = amount of carbon from fuel in the exhaust
per mole of dry exhaust.
[chi]H2dry = amount of H2 in exhaust per
amount of dry exhaust.
KH2Ogas = water-gas reaction equilibrium coefficient. You
may use 3.5 or calculate your own value using good engineering
judgment.
[chi]H2Oexhdry = amount of H2O in exhaust per
dry mole of dry exhaust.
[chi]prod/intdry = amount of dry stoichiometric products
per dry mole of intake air.
[chi]dil/exhdry = amount of dilution gas and/or excess
air per mole of dry exhaust.
[chi]int/exhdry = amount of intake air required to
produce actual combustion products per mole of dry (raw or diluted)
exhaust.
[chi]raw/exhdry = amount of undiluted exhaust, without
excess air, per mole of dry (raw or diluted) exhaust.
[chi]O2int = amount of intake air O2 per mole
of intake air.
[chi]CO2intdry = amount of intake air CO2 per
mole of dry intake air. You may use [chi]CO2intdry = 375
[mu]mol/mol, but we recommend measuring the actual concentration in
the intake air.
[chi]H2Ointdry = amount of intake air H2O per
mole of dry intake air.
[chi]CO2int = amount of intake air CO2 per
mole of intake air.
[chi]CO2dil = amount of dilution gas CO2 per
mole of dilution gas.
[chi]CO2dildry = amount of dilution gas CO2
per mole of dry dilution gas. If you use air as diluent, you may use
[chi]CO2dildry = 375 [micro]mol/mol, but we recommend
measuring the actual concentration in the intake air.
[chi]H2Odildry = amount of dilution gas H2O
per mole of dry dilution gas.
[chi]H2Odil = amount of dilution gas H2O per
mole of dilution gas.
[chi][emission]meas = amount of measured emission in the
sample at the respective gas analyzer.
[chi][emission]dry = amount of emission per dry mole of
dry sample.
[chi]H2O[emission]meas = amount of H2O in
sample at emission-detection location. Measure or estimate these
values according to Sec.  1065.145(e)(2).
[chi]H2Oint = amount of H2O in the intake air,
based on a humidity measurement of intake air.
[alpha] = atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
[beta] = atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
[gamma] = atomic sulfur-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
[delta] = atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
* * * * *

    (d) Carbon mass fraction of fuel. Determine carbon mass fraction of
fuel,

wC, based on the fuel properties as determined in paragraph
(e) of this section, accounting for diesel exhaust fluid's contribution
to [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta], or that of any other fluid
injected into the exhaust, if applicable. Calculate wC using
the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.204

Where:

wC = carbon mass fraction of the fuel (or mixture of test
fuels) and any injected fluids.
MC = molar mass of carbon.
[alpha] = atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
MH = molar mass of hydrogen.
[beta] = atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
MO = molar mass of oxygen.
[gamma] = atomic sulfur-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
MS = molar mass of sulfur.
[delta] = atomic nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuel (or mixture of
test fuels) and any injected fluids.
MN = molar mass of nitrogen.

    Example:
[alpha] = 1.8
[beta] = 0.05
[gamma] = 0.0003
[delta] = 0.0001
MC = 12.0107
MH = 1.00794
MO = 15.9994
MS = 32.065
MN = 14.0067
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.205

wC = 0.8206

    (e) Fuel and diesel exhaust fluid composition. Determine fuel and
diesel exhaust fluid composition represented by [alpha], [beta],
[gamma], and [delta] as described in this paragraph (e). When using
measured fuel or diesel exhaust fluid properties, you must determine
values for [alpha] and [beta] in all cases. If you determine
compositions based on measured values and the default value listed in
Table 1 of this section is zero, you may set [gamma] and [delta] to
zero; otherwise determine [gamma] and [delta] (along with [alpha] and
[beta]) based on measured values. Determine elemental mass fractions
and values for [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] as follows:
    (1) For liquid fuels, use the default values for [alpha], [beta],
[gamma], and [delta] in Table 1 of this section or determine mass
fractions of liquid fuels for calculation of [alpha], [beta], [gamma],
and [delta] as follows:
    (i) Determine the carbon and hydrogen mass fractions according to
ASTM D5291 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010). When using
ASTM D5291 to determine carbon and hydrogen mass fractions of gasoline
(with or without blended ethanol), use good engineering judgment to
adapt the method as appropriate. This may include consulting with the
instrument manufacturer on how to test high-volatility fuels. Allow the
weight of volatile fuel samples to stabilize for 20 minutes before
starting the analysis; if the weight still drifts after 20 minutes,
prepare a new sample. Retest the sample if the carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen mass fractions do not add up to a total mass of 100 0.5%; if you do not measure oxygen, you may assume it has a zero
concentration for this specification.
    (ii) Determine oxygen mass fraction of gasoline (with or without
blended ethanol) according to ASTM D5599 (incorporated by reference in
Sec.  1065.1010). For all other liquid fuels, determine the oxygen mass
fraction using good engineering judgment.
    (iii) Determine the nitrogen mass fraction according to ASTM D4629
or ASTM D5762 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010) for all
liquid fuels. Select the correct method based on the expected nitrogen
content.
    (iv) Determine the sulfur mass fraction according to subpart H of
this part.
    (2) For gaseous fuels and diesel exhaust fluid, use the default
values for [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] in Table 1 of this
section, or use good engineering judgment to determine those values
based on measurement.
    (3) For nonconstant fuel mixtures, you must account for the varying
proportions of the different fuels. This generally applies for dual-
fuel engines, but it also applies if diesel exhaust fluid is injected
in a way that is not strictly proportional to fuel flow. Account for
these varying concentrations either with a batch measurement that
provides averaged values to represent the test interval, or by
analyzing data from continuous mass rate measurements. Application of
average values from a batch measurement generally applies to situations
where one fluid is a minor component of the total fuel mixture, for
example dual-fuel engines with diesel pilot injection, where the diesel
pilot fuel mass is less than 5% of the total fuel mass and diesel
exhaust fluid injection; consistent with good engineering judgment.
    (4) Calculate [alpha], [beta], [gamma], and [delta] using the
following equations:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.206

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.207

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.208

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.209

Where:

M = total number of fuels and injected fluids over the duty cycle.
j = an indexing variable that represents one fuel or injected fluid,
starting with j = 1.
mj = the mass flow rate of the fuel or any injected fluid
j. For applications using a single fuel and no DEF fluid, set this
value to 1. For batch measurements, divide the total mass of fuel
over the test interval duration to determine a mass rate.
WHj = hydrogen mass fraction of fuel or any injected
fluid j.
WCj = carbon mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid
j.
WOj = oxygen mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid
j.
WSj = sulfur mass fraction of fuel or any injected fluid
j.
WNj = nitrogen mass fraction of fuel or any injected
fluid j.

    Example:
N = 1
j = 1
mj = 1
WHj = 0.1239
WCj = 0.8206
WOj = 0.0547
WSj = 0.00066
WNj = 0.000095
MC = 12.0107
MH = 1.00794
MO = 15.9994
MS = 32.065
MN = 14.0067
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.210

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.317

[alpha] = 1.799
[beta] = 0.05004
[gamma] = 0.0003012
[delta] = 0.0001003

             Table 1 of Sec.   1065.655--Default Values of [alpha], [beta],[gamma], [delta], and WC
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Carbon mass
            Fuel or injected fluid             Atomic hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen-to-  fraction, WC g/
                                                 carbon ratios CH[alpha]O[beta]S[gamma]N[delta]          g
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gasoline.....................................  CH1.85O0S0N0.....................................           0.866
E10 Gasoline.................................  CH1.92O0.03S0N0..................................           0.833
E15 Gasoline.................................  CH1.95O0.05S0N0..................................           0.817
E85 Gasoline.................................  CH2.73O0.38S0N0..................................           0.576
E100 Ethanol.................................  CH3O0.5S0N0......................................           0.521
M100 Methanol................................  CH4O1S0N0........................................           0.375
#1 Diesel....................................  CH1.93O0S0N0.....................................           0.861
#2 Diesel....................................  CH1.80O0S0N0.....................................           0.869
Liquefied petroleum gas......................  CH2.64O0S0N0.....................................           0.819
Natural gas..................................  CH3.78 O0.016S0N0................................           0.747
Residual fuel blends.........................    Must be determined by measured fuel properties as described in
                                                                paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
                                              ------------------------------------------------------------------
Diesel exhaust fluid.........................  CH17.85O7.92S0N2.................................           0.065
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (f) * * *
    (3) Fluid mass flow rate calculation. This calculation may be used
only for steady-state laboratory testing. See Sec.  1065.915(d)(5)(iv)
for application to field testing. Calculate nexh based on
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.211

Where:

nexh = raw exhaust molar flow rate from which you
measured emissions.
N = total number of fuels and injected fluids over the duty cycle.
j = an indexing variable that represents one fuel or injected fluid,
starting with j = 1.
mj = the mass flow rate of the fuel or any injected fluid
j.

    Example:
N = 1
j = 1
mj = 7.559 g/s
wC = 0.869 g/g
MC = 12.0107 g/mol
XCcombdry = 99.87 mmol/mol = 0.09987 mol/mol
XH20exhdry = 107.64 mmol/mol = 0.10764 mol/mol
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.212

nexh = 6.066 mol/s
* * * * *

0
269. Section 1065.660 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising the section heading.
0
b. By revising paragraphs (a)(2) and (3).
0
c. By adding paragraph (a)(4).
0
d. By revising paragraph (b)(3).
0
e. By adding paragraph (b)(4).
0
f. By redesignating paragraph (c) as paragraph (d).
0
g. By adding a new paragraph (c).
0
h. By revising newly redesignated paragraph (d).
0
i. By adding paragraph (e).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.660  THC, NMHC, NMNEHC, CH4, and
C2H6 determination.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) For the NMHC determination described in paragraph (b) of this
section, correct xTHC[THC-FID] for initial THC contamination
using Eq. 1065.660-

1. You may correct xTHC[NMC-FID] for initial contamination
of the CH4 sample train using Eq. 1065.660-1, substituting
in CH4 concentrations for THC.
    (3) For the NMNEHC determination described in paragraph (c) of this
section, correct xTHC[THC-FID] for initial THC contamination
using Eq. 1065.660-1. You may correct xTHC[NMC-FID] for
initial contamination of the CH4 sample train using Eq.
1065.660-1, substituting in CH4 concentrations for THC.
    (4) For the CH4 determination described in paragraph (d)
of this section, you may correct xTHC[NMC-FID] for initial
THC contamination of the CH4 sample train using Eq.
1065.660-1, substituting in CH4 concentrations for THC.
    (b) * * *
    (3) For a GC-FID or FTIR, calculate xNMHC using the THC
analyzer's response factor (RF) for CH4, from Sec.
1065.360, and the initial THC contamination and dry-to-wet corrected
THC concentration xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in
paragraph (a) of this section as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.213

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
CH4.
xCH4 = concentration of CH4, dry-to-wet
corrected, as measured by the GC-FID or FTIR.

    Example:
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 145.6 [mu]mol/mol
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 0.970
xCH4 = 18.9 [mu]mol/mol
xNMHC = 145.6-0.970 [middot] 18.9
xNMHC = 127.3 [mu]mol/mol
    (4) For an FTIR, calculate xNMHC by summing the
hydrocarbon species listed in Sec.  1065.266(c) as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.214

Where:

xNMHC = concentration of NMHC.
xHCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of
hydrocarbon species i as measured by the FTIR, not corrected for
initial contamination.
xHCi-init = the C1-equivalent concentration of
the initial system contamination (optional) of hydrocarbon species
i, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the FTIR.
    Example:
xC2H6 = 4.9 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H4 = 0.9 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H2 = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
xC3H8 = 0.4 [mu]mol/mol
xC3H6 = 0.5 [mu]mol/mol
xC4H10 = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
xCH2O = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H4O = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H2O2 = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
xCH4O = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
xNMHC = 4.9 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 0.8 + 0.3 +
0.1 + 0.1
xNMHC = 9.1 [mu]mol/mol

    (c) NMNEHC determination. Use one of the following methods to
determine NMNEHC concentration, xNMNEHC:
    (1) If the content of your test fuel contains less than 0.010 mol/
mol of ethane, you may omit the calculation of NMNEHC concentrations
and calculate the mass of NMNEHC as described in Sec.  1065.650(c)(6).
    (2) For a GC-FID or FTIR, calculate xNMNEHC using the
THC analyzer's response factors (RF) for CH4 and
C2H6, from Sec.  1065.360, and the initial
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration
xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.215

Where:

xNMNEHC = concentration of NMNEHC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
CH4.
xCH4 = concentration of CH4, dry-to-wet
corrected, as measured by the GC-FID or FTIR.
RFC2H6[THC-FID] = response factor of THC-FID to
C2H6.
xC2H6 = the C1-equivalent concentration of
C2H6, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the
GC-FID or FTIR.
    Example:
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 145.6 [mu]mol/mol
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 0.970
xCH4 = 18.9 [mu]mol/mol
RFC2H6[THC-FID] = 1.02
xC2H6 = 10.6 [mu]mol/mol
xNMHC = 145.6--0.970 [middot] 18.9--1.02 [middot] 10.6
xNMHC = 116.5 [mu]mol/mol

    (3) For an FTIR, calculate xNMNEHC by summing the
hydrocarbon species listed in Sec.  1065.266(c) as follows:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.216

Where:

xNMNEHC = concentration of NMNEHC.
xHCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of
hydrocarbon species i as measured by the FTIR, not corrected for
initial contamination.
xHCi-init = the C1-equivalent concentration of
the initial system contamination (optional) of hydrocarbon species
i, dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the FTIR.
    Example:
xC2H4 = 0.9 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H2 = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
xC3H8 = 0.4 [mu]mol/mol
xC3H6 = 0.5 [mu]mol/mol
xC4H10 = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
xCH2O = 0.8 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H4O = 0.3 [mu]mol/mol
xC2H2O2 = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
xCH4O = 0.1 [mu]mol/mol
xNMNEHC = 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.4 + 0.5 + 0.3 + 0.8 + 0.3 + 0.1 +
0.1
xNMNEHC = 4.2 [mu]mol/mol

    (d) CH4 determination. Use one of the following methods
to determine CH4 concentration, xCH4:
    (1) For nonmethane cutters, calculate xCH4 using the
nonmethane cutter's penetration fraction (PF) of CH4 and the
response factor penetration fraction (RFPF) of
C2H6 from Sec.  1065.365, the response factor
(RF) of the THC FID to CH4 from Sec.  1065.360, the initial
THC contamination and dry-to-wet corrected THC concentration
xTHC[THC-FID]cor as determined in paragraph (a) of this
section, and the dry-to-wet corrected CH4 concentration
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor optionally corrected for initial THC
contamination as determined in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (i) Use the following equation for penetration fractions determined
using an NMC configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(d):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.217

Where:

xCH4 = concentration of CH4.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by
the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID
during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = the combined ethane response factor
and penetration fraction of the nonmethane cutter, according to
Sec.  1065.365(d).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec.  1065.360(d).

    Example:
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 10.4 [mu]mol/mol
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [mu]mol/mol
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.019
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.218

xCH4 = 7.69 [mu]mol/mol

    (ii) For penetration fractions determined using an NMC
configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(e), use the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.219

Where:

xCH4 = concentration of CH4.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by
the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID
during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter ethane penetration
fraction, according to Sec.  1065.365(e).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec.  1065.360(d).
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4
penetration fraction, according to Sec.  1065.365(e).

    Example:
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 10.4 [mu]mol/mol
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [mu]mol/mol
PFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.020
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = 0.990

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.220

xCH4 = 7.25 [mu]mol/mol

    (iii) For penetration fractions determined using an NMC
configuration as outlined in Sec.  1065.365(f), use the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.221

Where:

xCH4 = concentration of CH4.
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination (optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by
the NMC FID during sampling through the NMC.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = concentration of THC, initial THC
contamination and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC FID
during sampling while bypassing the NMC.
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = the combined ethane response factor
and penetration fraction of the nonmethane cutter, according to
Sec.  1065.365(f).
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = nonmethane cutter CH4
penetration fraction, according to Sec.  1065.365(f).
RFCH4[THC-FID] = response factor of THC FID to
CH4, according to Sec.  1065.360(d).

    Example:
xTHC[NMC-FID]cor = 10.4 [mu]mol/mol
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = 150.3 [mu]mol/mol
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID] = 0.019
PFCH4[NMC-FID] = 0.990
RFCH4[THC-FID] = 1.05
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.222

xCH4 = 7.78 [mu]mol/mol

    (2) For a GC-FID or FTIR, xCH4 is the actual dry-to-wet
corrected CH4 concentration as measured by the analyzer.
    (e) C2H6 determination. For a GC-FID or FTIR, xC2H6 is
the C1-equivalent, dry-to-wet corrected
C2H6 concentration as measured by the analyzer.

0
270. Section 1065.665 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.665  THCE and NMHCE determination.

    (a) If you measured an oxygenated hydrocarbon's mass concentration,
first calculate its molar concentration in the exhaust sample stream
from which the sample was taken (raw or diluted exhaust), and convert
this into a C1-equivalent molar concentration. Add these
C1-equivalent molar concentrations to the molar
concentration of non-oxygenated total hydrocarbon (NOTHC). The result
is the molar concentration of total hydrocarbon equivalent (THCE).
Calculate THCE concentration using the following equations, noting that
Eq. 1065.665-3 is required only if you need to convert your oxygenated
hydrocarbon (OHC) concentration from mass to moles:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.223

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.224

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.225

Where:

xTHCE = the sum of the C1-equivalent
concentrations of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, alcohols, and
aldehydes.
xNOTHC = the sum of the C1-equivalent
concentrations of NOTHC.
xOHCi = the C1-equivalent concentration of
oxygenated species i in diluted exhaust, not corrected for initial
contamination.
xOHCi-init = the C1-equivalent concentration
of the initial system contamination (optional) of oxygenated species
i, dry-to-wet corrected.
xTHC[THC-FID]cor = the C1-equivalent response
to NOTHC and all OHC in diluted exhaust, HC contamination and dry-
to-wet corrected, as measured by the THC-FID.
RFOHCi[THC-FID] = the response factor of the FID to
species i relative to propane on a C1-equivalent basis.
C# = the mean number of carbon atoms in the particular
compound.
Mdexh = the molar mass of diluted exhaust as determine in
Sec.  1065.340.
mdexhOHCi = the mass of oxygenated species i in dilute
exhaust.
MOHCi = the C1-equivalent molecular weight of
oxygenated species i.
mdexh = the mass of diluted exhaust
ndexhOHCi = the number of moles of oxygenated species i
in total diluted exhaust flow.
ndexh = the total diluted exhaust flow.

    (b) If we require you to determine nonmethane hydrocarbon
equivalent (NMHCE), use the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.226

Where:

xNMHCE = the sum of the C1-equivalent
concentrations of nonoxygenated nonmethane hydrocarbon (NONMHC),
alcohols, and aldehydes.
RFCH4[THC-FID] = the response factor of THC-FID to
CH4.
xCH4 = concentration of CH4, HC contamination
(optional) and dry-to-wet corrected, as measured by the gas
chromatograph FID.
* * * * *

0
271. Section 1065.667 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.667  Dilution air background emission correction.

* * * * *
    (c) You may determine the total flow of dilution air by subtracting
the calculated raw exhaust molar flow as described in Sec.  1065.655(g)
from the measured dilute exhaust flow. This may be done by totaling
continuous calculations or by using batch results.
* * * * *

0
272. Section 1065.675 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.675  CLD quench verification calculations.

* * * * *
    (d) Calculate quench as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.227

Where:

quench = amount of CLD quench.
xNOdry = concentration of NO upstream of a bubbler,
according to Sec.  1065.370(e)(4).
xNOwet = measured concentration of NO downstream of a
bubbler, according to Sec.  1065.370(e)(9).
xH2Oexp = maximum expected mole fraction of water during
emission testing, according to paragraph (b) of this section.
xH2Omeas = measured mole fraction of water during the
quench verification, according to Sec.  1065.370(e)(7).
xNOmeas = measured concentration of NO when NO span gas
is blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(10).
xNOact = actual concentration of NO when NO span gas is
blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(11) and calculated according to Eq. 1065.675-2.
xCO2exp = maximum expected concentration of
CO2 during emission testing, according to paragraph (c)
of this section.
xCO2act = actual concentration of CO2 when NO
span gas is blended with CO2 span gas, according to Sec.
1065.370(d)(9).

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.228

Where:

xNOspan = The NO span gas concentration input to the gas
divider, according to Sec.  1065.370(d)(5).
xCO2span = the CO2 span gas concentration
input to the gas divider, according to Sec.  1065.370(d)(4).

    Example:
xNOdry = 1800.0 [mu]mol/mol
xNOwet = 1739.6 [mu]mol/mol
xH2Oexp = 0.030 mol/mol
xH2Omeas = 0.030 mol/mol
xNOmeas = 1515.2 [mu]mol/mol
xNOspan = 3001.6 [mu]mol/mol
xCO2exp = 3.2%
xCO2span = 6.1%
xCO2act = 2.98%
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.229

quench = (-0.0036655-0.014020171)[middot]100% = -1.7685671%
* * * * *

0
273. Section 1065.680 is added to subpart G to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.680  Adjusting emission levels to account for infrequently
regenerating aftertreatment devices.

    This section describes how to calculate and apply emission
adjustment factors for engines using aftertreatment technology with
infrequent regeneration events that may occur during testing. These
adjustment factors are typically calculated based on measurements
conducted for the purposes of engine certification, and then used to
adjust the results of testing related to demonstrating compliance with
emission standards. For this section, ``regeneration'' means an
intended event during which emission levels change while the system
restores aftertreatment performance. For example, exhaust gas
temperatures may increase temporarily to remove sulfur from adsorbers
or to oxidize accumulated particulate matter in a trap. Also,
``infrequent'' refers to regeneration events that are expected to occur
on average less than once over a transient or ramped-modal duty cycle,
or on average less than once per mode in a discrete-mode test.
    (a) Apply adjustment factors based on whether there is active
regeneration during a test segment. The test segment may be a test
interval or a full duty cycle, as described in paragraph (b) of this
section. For engines subject to standards over more than one duty
cycle, you must develop adjustment factors under this section for each
separate duty cycle. You must be able to identify active regeneration
in a way that is readily apparent during all testing. All adjustment
factors for regeneration are additive.
    (1) If active regeneration does not occur during a test segment,
apply an upward adjustment factor, UAF, that will be added to the
measured emission rate for that test segment. Use the following
equation to calculate UAF:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.318

Where:

EFA[cycle] = the average emission factor over the test
segment as determined in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
EFL[cycle] = measured emissions over a complete test
segment in which active regeneration does not occur.

    Example:
EFARMC = 0.15 g/kW[middot]hr
EFLRMC = 0.11 g/kW[middot]hr
UAFRMC = 0.15 - 0.11 = 0.04 g/kW[middot]hr

    (2) If active regeneration occurs or starts to occur during a test
segment, apply a downward adjustment factor, DAF, that will be
subtracted from the measured emission rate for that test segment. Use
the following equation to calculate DAF:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.230

Where:

EFH[cycle] = measured emissions over the test segment
from a complete regeneration event, or the average emission rate
over multiple complete test segments with regeneration if the
complete regeneration event lasts longer than one test segment.

    Example:
EFARMC = 0.15 g/kW[middot]hr
EFHRMC = 0.50 g/kW[middot]hr
DAFRMC = 0.50 - 0.15 = 0.35 g/kW[middot]hr

    (3) Note that emissions for a given pollutant may be lower during
regeneration, in which case EFL would be greater than
EFH, and both UAF and DAF would be negative.
    (4) Calculate the average emission factor, EFA, as
follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.231

Where:

F[cycle] = the frequency of the regeneration event during
the test segment, expressed in terms of the fraction of equivalent
test segments during which active regeneration occurs, as described
in paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
    Example:
FRMC = 0.10
EFARMC = 0.10 [middot] 0.50 + (1.00 - 0.10) [middot] 0.11
= 0.15 g/kW[middot]hr

    (5) The frequency of regeneration, F, generally characterizes how
often a regeneration event occurs within a series of test segments.
Determine F using the following equation, subject to the provisions of
paragraph (a)(6) of this section:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.232

Where:

ir[cycle] = the number of successive test segments
required to complete an active regeneration, rounded up to the next
whole number.
if[cycle] = the number of test segments from the end of
one complete regeneration event to the start of the next active
regeneration, without rounding.

    Example:
irRMC = 2
ifRMC = 17.86
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.233

    (6) Use good engineering judgment to determine ir and
if, as follows:
    (i) For engines that are programmed to regenerate after a specific
time interval, you may determine the duration of a regeneration event
and the time between regeneration events based on the engine's design
parameters. For other engines, determine these values based on
measurements from in-use operation or from running repetitive duty
cycles in a laboratory.
    (ii) For engines subject to standards over multiple duty cycles,
such as for transient and steady-state testing, apply this same
calculation to determine a value of F for each duty cycle.
    (iii) Consider an example for an engine that is designed to
regenerate its PM filter 500 minutes after the end of the last
regeneration event, with the regeneration event lasting 30 minutes. If
the RMC takes 28 minutes, irRMC = 2 (30 / 28 = 1.07, which
rounds up to 2), and ifRMC = 500 / 28 = 17.86.
    (b) Develop adjustment factors for different types of testing as
follows:
    (1) Discrete-mode testing. Develop separate adjustment factors for
each test mode (test interval) of a discrete-mode test. When measuring
EFH, if a regeneration event has started but is not complete
when you reach the end of the sampling time for a test interval, extend
the sampling period for that test interval until the regeneration event
is complete.
    (2) Ramped-modal and transient testing. Develop a separate set of
adjustment factors for an entire ramped-modal cycle or transient duty
cycle. When measuring EFH, if a regeneration event has
started but is not complete when you reach the end of the duty cycle,
start the next repeat test as soon as possible, allowing for the time
needed to complete emission measurement and installation of new filters
for PM measurement; in that case EFH is the average emission
level for the test segments that included regeneration.
    (3) Accounting for cold-start measurements. For engines subject to
cold-start testing requirements, incorporate cold-start operation into
your analysis as follows:
    (i) Determine the frequency of regeneration, F, in a way that
incorporates the impact of cold-start operation in proportion to the
cold-start weighting factor specified in the standard-setting part. You
may use good engineering judgment to determine the

effect of cold-start operation analytically.
    (ii) Treat cold-start testing and hot-start testing together as a
single test segment for adjusting measured emission results under this
section. Apply the adjustment factor to the composite emission result.
    (iii) You may apply the adjustment factor only to the hot-start
test result if your aftertreatment technology does not regenerate
during cold operation as represented by the cold-start transient duty
cycle. If we ask for it, you must demonstrate this by engineering
analysis or by test data.
    (c) If an engine has multiple regeneration strategies, determine
and apply adjustment factors under this section separately for each
type of regeneration.

0
274. Section 1065.690 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.690  Buoyancy correction for PM sample media.

* * * * *
    (c) Air density. Because a PM balance environment must be tightly
controlled to an ambient temperature of (22 1) [deg]C and
humidity has an insignificant effect on buoyancy correction, air
density is primarily a function of atmospheric pressure. Therefore you
may use nominal constant values for temperature and humidity when
determining the air density of the balance environment in Eq. 1065.690-
2.
* * * * *

Subpart H--Engine Fluids, Test Fuels, Analytical Gases and Other
Calibration Standards

0
275. A new Sec.  1065.735 is added to subpart H to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.735  Diesel exhaust fluid.

    (a) Use commercially available diesel exhaust fluid that represents
the product that will be used in your in-use engines.
    (b) Diesel exhaust fluid for testing must generally conform to the
specifications referenced in the definition of ``diesel exhaust fluid''
in Sec.  1065.1001. Use marine-grade diesel exhaust fluid only for
marine engines.

0
276. Section 1065.750 is amended by adding new paragraphs (a)(3)(xii)
and (xiii) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.750  Analytical gases.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (xii) CH4, C2H6, balance purified
air and/or N2 (as applicable).
    (xiii) CH4, CH2O,
CH2O2, C2H2,
C2H4, C2H4O,
C2H6, C3H8,
C3H6, CH4O, and
C4H10. You may omit individual gas constituents
from this gas mixture. If your gas mixture contains oxygenated
hydrocarbon, your gas mixture must be in balance purified
N2, otherwise you may use balance purified air.
* * * * *

Subpart K--Definitions and Other Reference Information

0
277. Section 1065.1001 is amended as follows:
0
a. By adding definitions for ``Average'' and ``C1-
equivalent'' in alphabetical order.
0
b. By removing the definition for ``C1 equivalent (or
basis)''.
0
c. By adding a definition for ``Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF)'' in
alphabetical order.
0
d. By revising the definitions for ``Hydrocarbon (HC)'' and
``Linearity''.
0
e. By adding a definition for ``Nonmethane nonethane hydrocarbon
(NMNEHC)'' in alphabetical order.
    The added and revised definitions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1001  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Average means the arithmetic mean of a sample.
* * * * *
    C1-equivalent means a convention of expressing HC concentrations
based on the total number of carbon atoms present, such that the
C1-equivalent of a molar HC concentration equals the molar
concentration multiplied by the mean number of carbon atoms in each HC
molecule. For example, the C1-equivalent of 10 [micro]mol/
mol of propane (C3H8) is 30 [mu]mol/mol.
C1-equivalent molar values may be denoted as ``ppmC'' in the
standard-setting part. Molar mass may also be expressed on a
C1 basis. Note that calculating HC masses from molar
concentrations and molar masses is only valid where they are each
expressed on the same carbon basis.
* * * * *
    Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) means a liquid reducing agent (other
than the engine fuel) used in conjunction with selective catalytic
reduction to reduce NOX emissions. Diesel exhaust fluid is
generally understood to be an aqueous solution of urea conforming to
the specifications of ISO 18611 or ISO 22241.
* * * * *
    Hydrocarbon (HC) means THC, THCE, NMHC, NMNEHC, NMOG, or NMHCE, as
applicable. Hydrocarbon generally means the hydrocarbon group on which
the emission standards are based for each type of fuel and engine.
* * * * *
    Linearity means the degree to which measured values agree with
respective reference values. Linearity is quantified using a linear
regression of pairs of measured values and reference values over a
range of values expected or observed during testing. Perfect linearity
would result in an intercept, a0, equal to zero, a slope,
a1, of one, a coefficient of determination, r\2\, of one,
and a standard error of the estimate, SEE, of zero. The term
``linearity'' is not used in this part to refer to the shape of a
measurement instrument's unprocessed response curve, such as a curve
relating emission concentration to voltage output. A properly
performing instrument with a nonlinear response curve will meet
linearity specifications.
* * * * *
    Nonmethane nonethane hydrocarbon (NMNEHC) means the sum of all
hydrocarbon species except methane and ethane. Refer to Sec.  1065.660
for NMNEHC determination.
* * * * *

0
278. Section 1065.1005 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b), and
(f)(2) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1005  Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of
measure.

* * * * *
    (a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols
and units of measure for various quantities:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Units in terms of SI
    Symbol              Quantity                   Unit                 Unit symbol             base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[alpha].......  atomic hydrogen-to-      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
                 carbon ratio.
A.............  area...................  square meter...........  m\2\..................  m\2\.
a0............  intercept of least
                 squares regression.
a1............  slope of least squares
                 regression.
ag............  acceleration of Earth's  meter per square second  m/s\2\................  m[middot]s-2.
                 gravity.
[beta]........  ratio of diameters.....  meter per meter........  m/m...................  1.

[beta]........  atomic oxygen-to-carbon  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
                 ratio.
C............  number of carbon atoms
                 in a molecule.
Cd............  discharge coefficient..
Cf............  flow coefficient.......
[delta].......  atomic nitrogen-to-      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
                 carbon ratio.
d.............  Diameter...............  meter..................  m.....................  m.
DR............  dilution ratio.........  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
[egr].........  error between a
                 quantity and its
                 reference.
e.............  brake-specific emission  gram per kilowatt hour.  g/(kW[middot]hr)......  g[middot]3.6[middot]10-
                 or fuel consumption.                                                      6[middot];m-
                                                                                2[middot]kg-
                                                                                1[middot]s\2\.
F.............  F-test statistic.......
f.............  frequency..............  hertz..................  Hz....................  s-1.
fn............  angular speed (shaft)..  revolutions per minute.  r/min.................  [pi][middot]30-
                                                                                1[middot]s-1.
[gamma].......  ratio of specific heats  (joule per kilogram      (J/(kg[middot]K))/(J/   1.
                                          kelvin) per (joule per   (kg[middot]K)).
                                          kilogram kelvin).
[gamma].......  atomic sulfur-to-carbon  mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
                 ratio.
K.............  correction factor......  .......................  ......................  1.
Kv............  calibration coefficient  .......................  m\4\[middot];s[middot]  m\4\[middot]kg-
                                                                   K0.5/kg.                1s[middot]K0.5.
l.............  length.................  meter..................  m.....................  m.
[mu]..........  viscosity, dynamic.....  pascal second..........  Pa[middot]s...........  m-1[middot]kg[middot]s-
                                                                                1.
M.............  molar mass \1\.........  gram per mole..........  g/mol.................  10-
                                                                                3[middot]kg[middot]mo
                                                                                l-1.
m.............  mass...................  kilogram...............  kg....................  kg.
m.............  mass rate..............  kilogram per second....  kg/s..................  kg[middot]s-1.
[nu]..........  viscosity, kinematic...  meter squared per        m\2\/s................  m\2\[middot]s-1.
                                          second.
N.............  total number in series.
n.............  amount of substance....  mole...................  mol...................  mol.ROW>
n.............  amount of substance      mole per second........  mol/s.................  mol[middot]s-1.
                 rate.
P.............  power..................  kilowatt...............  kW....................  10\3\[middot]m\2\[midd
                                                                                ot]kg[middot]s-3.
PF............  penetration fraction...
p.............  pressure...............  pascal.................  Pa....................  m-1[middot]kg[middot]s-
                                                                                2.
[rho].........  mass density...........  kilogram per cubic       kg/m\3\...............  m-3[middot]kg.
                                          meter.
[Delta]p......  differential static      pascal.................  Pa....................  m-1[middot]kg[middot]s-
                 pressure.                                                                 2.
r.............  ratio of pressures.....  pascal per pascal......  Pa/Pa.................  1.
r2............  coefficient of
                 determination.
Ra............  average surface          micrometer.............  [mu]m.................  10-6[middot]m.
                 roughness.
Re...........  Reynolds number........
RF............  response factor........
RH............  relative humidity......
[sigma].......  non-biased standard
                 deviation.
S.............  Sutherland constant....  kelvin.................  K.....................  K.
SEE...........  standard estimate of
                 error.
T.............  absolute temperature...  kelvin.................  K.....................  K.
T.............  Celsius temperature....  degree Celsius.........  [deg]C................  K--273.15.
T.............  torque (moment of        newton meter...........  N[middot]m............  m\2\[middot]kg[middot]
                 force).                                                                   s-2.
[thgr]........  plane angle............  degrees................  [deg].................  rad.
t.............  time...................  second.................  s.....................  s.
[Delta]t......  time interval, period,   second.................  s.....................  s.
                 1/frequency.
V.............  volume.................  cubic meter............  m\3\..................  m\3\.
V.............  volume rate............  cubic meter per second.  m\3\/s................  m\3\[middot]s-1.
W.............  work...................  kilowatt-hour..........  kW[middot]hr..........  3.6-
                                                                                1[middot]10\6\[middot
                                                                                ]m\2\[middot]kg[middo
                                                                                t]s-2.
wC............  carbon mass fraction...  gram per gram..........  g/g...................  1.
x.............  amount of substance      mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
                 mole fraction \2\.
x.............  flow-weighted mean       mole per mole..........  mol/mol...............  1.
                 concentration.
y.............  generic variable.......
Z.............  compressibility factor.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (f)(2) of this section for the values to use for molar masses. Note that in the cases of NOX
  and HC, the regulations specify effective molar masses based on assumed speciation rather than actual
  speciation.
\2\ Note that mole fractions for THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NOTHC are expressed on a C1-equivalent basis.

    (b) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following
symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Symbol                              Species
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ar...................................  argon.
C....................................  carbon.
CH2O.................................  formaldehyde.
CH2O2................................  formic acid.
CH3OH................................  methanol.
CH4..................................  methane.
C2H4O................................  acetaldehyde.
C2H5OH...............................  ethanol.
C2H6.................................  ethane.
C3H7OH...............................  propanol.
C3H8.................................  propane.
C4H10................................  butane.
C5H12................................  pentane.
CO...................................  carbon monoxide.
CO2..................................  carbon dioxide.
H....................................  atomic hydrogen.
H2...................................  molecular hydrogen.
H2O..................................  water.
H2SO4................................  sulfuric acid.
HC...................................  hydrocarbon.
He...................................  helium.

\85\ Kr..............................  krypton 85.
N2...................................  molecular nitrogen.
NH3..................................  ammonia.
NMHC.................................  nonmethane hydrocarbon.
NMHCE................................  nonmethane hydrocarbon
                                        equivalent.
NMNEHC...............................  nonmethane-nonethane hydrocarbon.
NO...................................  nitric oxide.
NO2..................................  nitrogen dioxide.
NOX..................................  oxides of nitrogen.
N2O..................................  nitrous oxide.
NMOG.................................  nonmethane organic gases.
NONMHC...............................  non-oxygenated nonmethane
                                        hydrocarbon.
NOTHC................................  non-oxygenated total hydrocarbon.
O2...................................  molecular oxygen.
OHC..................................  oxygenated hydrocarbon.
\210\ Po.............................  polonium 210.
PM...................................  particulate matter.
S....................................  sulfur.
SVOC.................................  semi-volatile organic compound.
THC..................................  total hydrocarbon.
THCE.................................  total hydrocarbon equivalent.
ZrO2.................................  zirconium dioxide.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (2) This part uses the following molar masses or effective molar
masses of chemical species:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                        g/mol (10-
         Symbol                  Quantity        3[middot]kg[middot]mol-
                                                            1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mair....................  molar mass of dry air               28.96559
                           \1\.
MAr.....................  molar mass of argon..                 39.948
MC......................  molar mass of carbon.                12.0107
MCH3OH..................  molar mass of                       32.04186
                           methanol.
MC2H5OH.................  molar mass of ethanol               46.06844
MC2H4O..................  molar mass of                       44.05256
                           acetaldehyde.
MCH4N2O.................  molar mass of urea...               60.05526
MC3H8...................  molar mass of propane               44.09562
MC3H7OH.................  molar mass of                       60.09502
                           propanol.
MCO.....................  molar mass of carbon                 28.0101
                           monoxide.
MCH4....................  molar mass of methane                16.0425
MCO2....................  molar mass of carbon                 44.0095
                           dioxide.
MH......................  molar mass of atomic                 1.00794
                           hydrogen.
MH2.....................  molar mass of                        2.01588
                           molecular hydrogen.
MH2O....................  molar mass of water..               18.01528
MCH2O...................  molar mass of                       30.02598
                           formaldehyde.
MHe.....................  molar mass of helium.               4.002602
MN......................  molar mass of atomic                 14.0067
                           nitrogen.
MN2.....................  molar mass of                        28.0134
                           molecular nitrogen.
MNH3....................  molar mass of ammonia               17.03052
MNMHC...................  effective C1 molar                 13.875389
                           mass of nonmethane
                           hydrocarbon \2\.
MNMHCE..................  effective C1 molar                 13.875389
                           mass of nonmethane
                           hydrocarbon
                           equivalent \2\.
MNMNEHC.................  effective C1 molar                 13.875389
                           mass of nonmethane-
                           nonethane
                           hydrocarbon \2\.
MNOx....................  effective molar mass                 46.0055
                           of oxides of
                           nitrogen \3\.
MN2O....................  molar mass of nitrous                44.0128
                           oxide.
MO......................  molar mass of atomic                 15.9994
                           oxygen.
MO2.....................  molar mass of                        31.9988
                           molecular oxygen.
MS......................  molar mass of sulfur.                 32.065
MTHC....................  effective C1 molar                 13.875389
                           mass of total
                           hydrocarbon \2\.
MTHCE...................  effective C1 molar                 13.875389
                           mass of total
                           hydrocarbon
                           equivalent \2\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (f)(1) of this section for the composition of dry air.
\2\ The effective molar masses of THC, THCE, NMHC, NMHCE, and NMNEHC are
  defined on a C1 basis and are based on an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon
  ratio, [alpha], of 1.85 (with [beta], [gamma], and [delta] equal to
  zero).
\3\ The effective molar mass of NOX is defined by the molar mass of
  nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

* * * * *

0
279. Section 1065.1010 is amended by revising paragraphs (b) and (e) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1010  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (b) ASTM material. The following standards are available from ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken,
PA 19428-2959,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or http://www.astm.org:

    (1) ASTM D86-12, Standard Test Method for Distillation of
Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure, approved December 1,
2012 (``ASTM D86''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.703(b) and
1065.710(b) and (c).
    (2) ASTM D93-13, Standard Test Methods for Flash Point by
Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester, approved July 15, 2013 (``ASTM
D93''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (3) ASTM D130-12, Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness to
Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test, approved
November 1, 2012 (``ASTM D130''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.710(b).
    (4) ASTM D381-12, Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels
by Jet Evaporation, approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM D381''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (5) ASTM D445-12, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity
of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic
Viscosity), approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM D445''), IBR approved
for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (6) ASTM D525-12a, Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability
of Gasoline (Induction Period Method), approved September 1, 2012
(``ASTM D525''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (7) ASTM D613-13, Standard Test Method for Cetane Number of
Diesel Fuel Oil, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D613''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (8) ASTM D910-13a, Standard Specification for Aviation
Gasolines, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D910''), IBR approved
for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (9) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils,
approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D975''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.701(f).
    (10) ASTM D1267-12, Standard Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure
of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method), approved November
1, 2012 (``ASTM D1267''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (11) ASTM D1319-13, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types
in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption,
approved May 1, 2013 (``ASTM D1319''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.710(c).

    (12) ASTM D1655-13a, Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine
Fuels, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM D1655''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (13) ASTM D1837-11, Standard Test Method for Volatility of
Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, approved October 1, 2011 (``ASTM
D1837''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (14) ASTM D1838-12a, Standard Test Method for Copper Strip
Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, approved December 1,
2012 (``ASTM D1838''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (15) ASTM D1945-03 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Natural Gas by Gas Chromatography, approved January 1,
2010 (``ASTM D1945''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.715(a).
    (16) ASTM D2158-11, Standard Test Method for Residues in
Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, approved January 1, 2011 (``ASTM
D2158''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (17) ASTM D2163-07, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene
Mixtures by Gas Chromatography, approved December 1, 2007 (``ASTM
D2163''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (18) ASTM D2598-12, Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain
Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from
Compositional Analysis, approved November 1, 2012 (``ASTM D2598''),
IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (19) ASTM D2622-10, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum
Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry,
approved February 15, 2010 (``ASTM D2622''), IBR approved for
Sec. Sec.  1065.703(b) and 1065.710(b) and (c).
    (20) ASTM D2699-13b, Standard Test Method for Research Octane
Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, approved October 1, 2013
(``ASTM D2699''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (21) ASTM D2700-13b, Standard Test Method for Motor Octane
Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, approved October 1, 2013
(``ASTM D2700''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (22) ASTM D2713-13, Standard Test Method for Dryness of Propane
(Valve Freeze Method), approved October 1, 2013 (``ASTM D2713''),
IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (23) ASTM D2784-11, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied
Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp), approved January 1,
2011 (``ASTM D2784''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.720(a).
    (24) ASTM D2880-13b, Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel
Oils, approved November 15, 2013 (``ASTM D2880''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (25) ASTM D2986-95a, Standard Practice for Evaluation of Air
Assay Media by the Monodisperse DOP (Dioctyl Phthalate) Smoke Test,
approved September 10, 1995 (``ASTM D2986''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.170(c). (Note: This standard was withdrawn by ASTM.)
    (26) ASTM D3231-13, Standard Test Method for Phosphorus in
Gasoline, approved June 15, 2013 (``ASTM D3231''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.710(b) and (c).
    (27) ASTM D3237-12, Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline By
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, approved June 1, 2012 (``ASTM
D3237''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b) and (c).
    (28) ASTM D4052-11, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative
Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter,
approved October 15, 2011 (``ASTM D4052''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.703(b).
    (29) ASTM D4629-12, Standard Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion
and Chemiluminescence Detection, approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM
D4629''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.655(e).
    (30) ASTM D4814-13b, Standard Specification for Automotive
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel, approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM
D4814''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (31) ASTM D4815-13, Standard Test Method for Determination of
MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C1 to
C4 Alcohols in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography, approved
October 1, 2013 (``ASTM D4815''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.710(b).
    (32) ASTM D5186-03 (Reapproved 2009), Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic
Content of Diesel Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical
Fluid Chromatography, approved April 15, 2009 (``ASTM D5186''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.703(b).
    (33) ASTM D5191-13, Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of
Petroleum Products (Mini Method), approved December 1, 2013 (``ASTM
D5191''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b) and (c).
    (34) ASTM D5291-10, Standard Test Methods for Instrumental
Determination of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum
Products and Lubricants, approved May 1, 2010 (``ASTM D5291''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.655(e).
    (35) ASTM D5453-12, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel,
Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence,
approved November 1, 2012 (``ASTM D5453''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.710(b).
    (36) ASTM D5599-00 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for
Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and
Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection, approved October 1,
2010 (``ASTM D5599''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.655(e) and
1065.710(b).
    (37) ASTM D5762-12 Standard Test Method for Nitrogen in
Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet Chemiluminescence,
approved April 15, 2012 (``ASTM D5762''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.655(e).
    (38) ASTM D5769-10, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, approved May 1, 2010 (``ASTM
D5769''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (39) ASTM D5797-13, Standard Specification for Fuel Methanol
(M70- M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, approved June 15,
2013 (``ASTM D5797''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (40) ASTM D5798-13a, Standard Specification for Ethanol Fuel
Blends for Flexible Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines, approved
June 15, 2013 (``ASTM D5798''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (41) ASTM D6348-12 [egr]1, Standard Test Method for
Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, approved February 1,
2012 (``ASTM D6348''), IBR approved for Sec. Sec.  1065.266(b) and
1065.275(b).
    (42) ASTM D6550-10, Standard Test Method for Determination of
Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography,
approved October 1, 2010 (``ASTM D6550''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.710(b).
    (43) ASTM D6615-11a, Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut
Aviation Turbine Fuel, approved October 1, 2011 (``ASTM D6615''),
IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (44) ASTM D6751-12, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel
Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels, approved August 1,
2012 (``ASTM D6751''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f).
    (45) ASTM D6985-04a, Standard Specification for Middle
Distillate Fuel Oil--Military Marine Applications, approved November
1, 2004 (``ASTM D6985''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.701(f). (Note:
This standard was withdrawn by ASTM.)
    (46) ASTM D7039-13, Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline,
Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray
Fluorescence Spectrometry, approved September 15, 2013 (``ASTM
D7039''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.710(b).
    (47) ASTM F1471-09, Standard Test Method for Air Cleaning
Performance of a High- Efficiency Particulate Air Filter System,
approved March 1, 2009 (``ASTM F1471''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.1001.
* * * * *
    (e) ISO material. The following standards are available from the
International Organization for Standardization, 1, ch. de la Voie-
Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, 41-22-749-01-11, or
http://www.iso.org:

    (1) ISO 2719:2002, Determination of flash point--Pensky-Martens
closed cup method (``ISO 2719''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.705(c).
    (2) ISO 3016:1994, Petroleum products--Determination of pour
point (``ISO 3016''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (3) ISO 3104:1994/Cor 1:1997, Petroleum products--Transparent
and opaque liquids--Determination of kinematic viscosity and
calculation of dynamic viscosity (``ISO 3104''), IBR approved for
Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (4) ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum
products--Laboratory determination of density--Hydrometer method
(``ISO 3675''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).

    (5) ISO 3733:1999, Petroleum products and bituminous materials--
Determination of water--Distillation method (``ISO 3733''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (6) ISO 6245:2001, Petroleum products--Determination of ash
(``ISO 6245''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (7) ISO 8217:2012(E), Petroleum products--Fuels (class F)--
Specifications of marine fuels, Fifth edition, August 15, 2012
(``ISO 8217''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(b) and (c).
    (8) ISO 8754:2003, Petroleum products--Determination of sulfur
content--Energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (``ISO
8754''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (9) ISO 10307-2(E):2009, Petroleum products--Total sediment in
residual fuel oils--Part 2: Determination using standard procedures
for ageing, Second Ed., February 1, 2009 (``ISO 10307''), as
modified by ISO 10307-2:2009/Cor.1:2010(E), Technical Corrigendum 1,
published May 15, 2010, IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (10) ISO 10370:1993/Cor 1:1996, Petroleum products--
Determination of carbon residue--Micro method (``ISO 10370''), IBR
approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (11) ISO 10478:1994, Petroleum products--Determination of
aluminium and silicon in fuel oils--Inductively coupled plasma
emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods (``ISO 10478''),
IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (12) ISO 12185:1996/Cor 1:2001, Crude petroleum and petroleum
products--Determination of density--Oscillating U-tube method (``ISO
12185''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (13) ISO 14596:2007, Petroleum products--Determination of sulfur
content--Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
(``ISO 14596''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.705(c).
    (14) ISO 14597:1997, Petroleum products--Determination of
vanadium and nickel content--Wavelength dispersive X-ray
fluorescence spectrometry (``ISO 14597''), IBR approved for Sec.
1065.705(c).
    (15) ISO 14644-1:1999, Cleanrooms and associated controlled
environments (``ISO 14644''), IBR approved for Sec.  1065.190(b).
* * * * *

Subpart L--Methods for Unregulated and Special Pollutants

0
280. Section 1065.1105 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (c)(4)
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1105  Sampling system design.

    (a) General. We recommend that you design your SVOC batch sampler
to extract sample from undiluted emissions to maximize the sampled SVOC
quantity. If you dilute your sample, we recommend using annular
dilution. If you dilute your sample, but do not use annular dilution,
you must precondition your sampling system to reach equilibrium with
respect to loss and re-entrainment of SVOCs to the walls of the
sampling system. To the extent practical, adjust sampling times based
on the emission rate of target analytes from the engine to obtain
analyte concentrations above the detection limit. In some instances you
may need to run repeat test cycles without replacing the sample media
or disassembling the batch sampler.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (4) Use a hydrophobic sorbent in a sealed sorbent module. Note that
this sorbent module is intended to be the final stage for collecting
the SVOC sample and should be sized accordingly. We recommend sizing
the module to hold 40 g of XAD-2 along with PUF plugs at either end of
the module, noting that you may vary the mass of XAD used for testing
based on the anticipated SVOC emission concentration and sample flow
rate.
* * * * *

0
281. Section 1065.1107 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1),
(a)(2), and (b) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1107  Sample media and sample system preparation; sample
system assembly.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) For capturing PM, we recommend using pure quartz filters with
no binder if you are not analyzing separately for SVOCs in gas and
particle phases. If you are analyzing separately, you must use
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters with PTFE support. Select the
filter diameter to minimize filter change intervals, accounting for the
expected PM emission rate, sample flow rate. Note that when repeating
test cycles to increase sample mass, you may replace the filter without
replacing the sorbent or otherwise disassembling the batch sampler. In
those cases, include all filters in the extraction.
    (2) For capturing gaseous SVOCs, utilize XAD-2 resin with or
without PUF plugs. Note that two PUF plugs are typically used to
contain the XAD-2 resin in the sorbent module.
    (b) Sample media and sampler preparation. Prepare pre-cleaned PM
filters and pre-cleaned PUF plugs/XAD-2 as needed. Store sample media
in containers protected from light and ambient air if you do not use
them immediately after cleaning. Use the following preparation
procedure, or an analogous procedure with different solvents and
extraction times:
* * * * *

0
282. Section 1065.1109 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1) and
(b)(4) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1109  Post-test sampler disassembly and sample extraction.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Remove the PM filter, PUF plugs, and all the XAD-2 from the
sampling system and store them at or below 5 [deg]C until analysis.
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) After completing the initial extraction, remove the solvent and
concentrate it to (4.0 0.5) ml using a Kuderna-Danish
concentrator that includes a condenser such as a three-ball Snyder
column with venting dimples and a graduated collection tube. Hold the
water bath temperature at (75 to 80) [deg]C. Using this concentrator
will minimize evaporative loss of analytes with lower molecular weight.
* * * * *

PART 1066--VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
283. The authority citation for part 1066 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart B-- Equipment, Measurement Instruments, Fuel, and
Analytical Gas Specifications

0
284. Section 1066.105 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(2)
introductory text, (c)(2)(i), (c)(2)(iv), (c)(2)(v), (c)(5)(i),
(c)(5)(iii), and (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.105  Ambient controls and vehicle cooling fans.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) You may use a road-speed modulated fan system meeting the
specifications of this paragraph (c)(2) for anything other than SC03
and AC17 testing. Use a road-speed modulated fan that achieves a linear
speed of cooling air at the blower outlet that is within 3.0 mi/hr (1.3 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed
when vehicle speeds are between 5 and 30 mi/hr, and within 6.5 mi/hr (2.9 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed
at higher vehicle speeds; however you may limit the fan's maximum
linear speed to 70 mi/hr. We recommend that the cooling fan have a
minimum opening of 0.2 m\2\ and a minimum width of 0.8 m.
    (i) Verify the air flow velocity for fan speeds corresponding to
vehicle speeds of 20 and 40 mi/hr using an instrument that has an
accuracy of 2% of the measured air flow speed.
* * * * *
    (iv) Verify that the uniformity of the fan's axial flow is constant
across the discharge area within a tolerance of 4.0

mi/hr of the vehicle's speed at fan speeds corresponding to 20 mi/hr,
and within 8.0 mi/hr at fan speeds corresponding to 40 mi/
hr. For example, at a vehicle speed of 20.2 mi/hr, axial flow at all
locations denoted by the ``+'' across the discharge nozzle must be
between 16.2 and 24.2 mi/hr. When measuring the axial air flow
velocity, use good engineering judgment to determine the distance from
the nozzle outlet at each point of the fan outlet grid. Use these
values to calculate a mean air flow velocity across the discharge area
at each speed setting. The instrument used to verify the air velocity
must have an accuracy of 2% of the measured air flow
velocity.
    (v) Use a multi-axis flow meter or another method to verify that
the fan's air flow perpendicular to the axial air flow is less than 15%
of the axial air flow, consistent with good engineering judgment.
Demonstrate this by comparing the perpendicular air flow velocity to
the mean air flow velocities determined in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) of this
section at vehicle speeds of 20 and 40 mi/hr.
* * * * *
    (5) * * *
    (i) Air flow volumes must be proportional to vehicle speed. Select
a fan size that will produce a flow volume of approximately 45 m\3\/s
at 60 mi/hr. If this fan is also the only source of test cell air
circulation or if fan operational mechanics make the 0 mi/hr air flow
requirement impractical, air flow of 2 mi/hr or less at 0 mi/hr vehicle
speed is allowed.
* * * * *
    (iii) Use a multi-axis flow meter or another method to verify that
the fan's air flow perpendicular to the axial air flow is less than 10%
of the axial air flow, consistent with good engineering judgment.
Demonstrate this by comparing the perpendicular air flow velocity to
the mean air flow velocities determined in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) of this
section at vehicle speeds of 20 and 40 mi/hr.
* * * * *
    (d) Allowable cooling fans for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR.
For all testing, use a road-speed modulated fan system that achieves a
linear speed of cooling air at the blower outlet that is within 3.0 mi/hr (1.3 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed
when vehicle speeds are between 5 and 30 mi/hr, and within 10 mi/hr (4.5 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed at
higher vehicle speeds. For vehicles above 19,500 pounds GVWR, we
recommend that the cooling fan have a minimum opening of 2.75 m\2\, a
minimum flow rate of 60 m\3\/s at a fan speed of 50 mi/hr, and a
minimum speed profile in the free stream flow, across the duct that is
15% of the target flow rate.

0
285. Section 1066.110 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising paragraph (b)(1)(i).
0
b. By redesignating paragraphs (b)(1)(ii) through (vii) as paragraphs
(b)(1)(iii) through (viii), respectively.
0
c. By adding a new paragraph (b)(1)(ii).
0
d. By revising newly redesignated paragraph (b)(1)(vii).
0
e. By revising paragraph (b)(2)(i)(B).
0
f. By adding paragraph (b)(2)(iii)(C).
0
g. By revising paragraph (c).
    The additions and revisions read as follows:

Sec.  1066.110  Equipment specifications for emission sampling systems.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Minimize lengths of laboratory exhaust tubing. You may use a
total length of laboratory exhaust tubing up to 4 m without needing to
heat or insulate the tubing. However, you may use a total length of
laboratory exhaust tubing up to 10 m, or up to 15 m for samples not
involving PM measurement, if you insulate and/or heat the tubing to
minimize the temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the
whole tubing wall over the course of the emission test. The laboratory
exhaust tubing starts at the end of the vehicle's tailpipe and ends at
the first sample point or the first dilution point. The laboratory
exhaust tubing may include flexible sections, but we recommend that you
limit the amount of flexible tubing to the extent practicable. For
multiple-tailpipe configurations where the tailpipes combine into a
single flow path for emission sampling, the start of the laboratory
exhaust tubing may be taken at the last joint where the exhaust flow
first becomes a single, combined flow.
    (ii) For vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR, you may shorten the
tailpipe up to the outlet of the last aftertreatment device or
silencer, whichever is furthest downstream.
* * * * *
    (vii) Electrically ground the entire exhaust system, with the
exception of nonconductive flexible tubing, as allowed under paragraph
(b)(1)(iv) of this section.
    (2) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (B) You may sample background PM from the dilution tunnel at any
time before or after an emission test using the same sampling system
used during the emission test. For this background sampling, the
dilution tunnel blower must be turned on, the vehicle must be
disconnected from the laboratory exhaust tubing, and the laboratory
exhaust tubing must be capped. You may run this PM blank test in
combination with the dilute exhaust flow verification (propane check)
in 40 CFR 1065.341, as long as the exhaust tubing inlet to the CVS has
a filter meeting the requirements of 40 CFR 1065.140(b)(3).
* * * * *
    (iii) * * *
    (C) You may use a higher target filter face velocity as specified
in 40 CFR 1065.170(c)(1)(vi), up to 140 cm/s, if you need to increase
filter loading for PM measurement.
* * * * *
    (c) The following table summarizes the requirements of paragraph
(b)(2) of this section:

 Table 1 of Sec.   1066.110--Summary of Equipment Specifications From 40
        CFR Part 1065, Subpart B, That Apply for Chassis Testing
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Applicability for chassis
       40 CFR part 1065  references            testing under this part
------------------------------------------------------------------------
40 CFR 1065.140...........................  Use all except as noted:
                                            40 CFR 1065.140(b) applies
                                             as described in this
                                             section.
                                            Use 40 CFR 1065.140(c)(6),
                                             with the additional
                                             allowance described in this
                                             section.
                                            Do not use 40 CFR
                                             1065.140(d)(2)(iv).
                                            Use 40 CFR 1065.140(e)(1) as
                                             described in this section.
                                            Do not use 40 CFR
                                             1065.140(e)(2).
40 CFR 1065.145...........................  Use all except 40 CFR
                                             1065.145(b).
40 CFR 1065.150...........................  Use all.

40 CFR 1065.170...........................  Use all except as noted:
                                            Use 40 CFR
                                             1065.170(c)(1)(vi) as
                                             described in this section.
40 CFR 1065.190...........................  Use all.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
286. Section 1066.135 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(1) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1066.135  Linearity verification.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) Raw exhaust static pressure control.
* * * * *

0
287. Section 1066.140 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising paragraphs (e), (f)(6)(i), (f)(8), (f)(13), (g)(6)(i),
(g)(11), (h) introductory text, (h)(6)(i), (h)(7), (h)(9), and (h)(10).
0
b. By redesignating paragraph (j) as paragraph (i).
0
c. By revising Figure 1.
    The revisions read as follows:

Sec.  1066.140  Diluted exhaust flow calibration.

* * * * *
    (e) Configuration. Calibrate the system with any upstream screens
or other restrictions that will be used during testing and that could
affect the flow ahead of the flow meter. You may not use any upstream
screen or other restriction that could affect the flow ahead of the
reference flow meter, unless the flow meter has been calibrated with
such a restriction.
    (f) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (i) The mean flow rate of the reference flow meter,
Viref. This may include several measurements of different
quantities, such as reference meter pressures and temperatures, for
calculating Viref.
* * * * *
    (8) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (f)(6) and (7) of this section
to record data at a minimum of six restrictor positions ranging from
the wide-open restrictor position to the minimum expected pressure at
the PDP inlet or the maximum expected differential (outlet minus inlet)
pressure across the PDP during testing.
* * * * *
    (13) During emission testing ensure that the PDP is not operated
either below the lowest inlet pressure point or above the highest
differential pressure point in the calibration data.
    (g) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (i) The mean flow rate of the reference flow meter,
Viref. This may include several measurements of different
quantities for calculating Viref, such as reference meter
pressures and temperatures.
* * * * *
    (11) Use the SSV only between the minimum and maximum calibrated
Re#. If you want to use the SSV at a lower or higher
Re#, you must recalibrate the SSV.
* * * * *
    (h) CFV calibration. The calibration procedure described in this
paragraph (h) establishes the value of the calibration coefficient,
Kv, at measured values of pressure, temperature and air
flow. Calibrate the CFV up to the highest expected pressure ratio, r,
according to Sec.  1066.625. Calibrate the CFV as follows:
    (6) * * *
    (i) The mean flow rate of the reference flow meter,
Viref. This may include several measurements of different
quantities, such as reference meter pressures and temperatures, for
calculating Viref.
* * * * *
    (7) Incrementally close the restrictor valve or decrease the
downstream pressure to decrease the differential pressure across the
CFV, [Delta]pCFV.
* * * * *
    (9) Determine Kv and the highest allowable pressure
ratio, r, according to Sec.  1066.625.
    (10) Use Kv to determine CFV flow during an emission
test. Do not use the CFV above the highest allowed r, as determined in
Sec.  1066.625.
* * * * *

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.234

Subpart C--Dynamometer Specifications

0
288. Section 1066.210 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(3) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1066.210  Dynamometers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) The load applied by the dynamometer simulates forces acting on
the vehicle during normal driving according to the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.235

Where:

FR = total road-load force to be applied at the surface of the roll.
The total force is the sum of the individual tractive forces applied
at each roll surface.
i = a counter to indicate a point in time over the driving schedule.
For a dynamometer operating at 10 Hz intervals over a 600 second
driving schedule, the maximum value of i should be 6,000.
A = a vehicle-specific constant value representing the vehicle's
frictional load in lbf or newtons. See subpart D of this part.
Gi = instantaneous road grade, in percent. If your duty
cycle is not subject to road grade, set this value to 0.
B = a vehicle-specific coefficient representing load from drag and
rolling resistance, which are a function of vehicle speed, in lbf/
(mi/hr) or N[middot]s/m. See subpart D of this part.
v = instantaneous linear speed at the roll surfaces as measured by
the dynamometer, in mi/hr or m/s. Let vi-1 = 0 for i = 0.
C = a vehicle-specific coefficient representing aerodynamic effects,
which are a function of vehicle speed squared, in lbf/(mi/hr)\2\ or
N[middot]s\2\/m\2\. See subpart D of this part.
Me = the vehicle's effective mass in lbm or kg, including
the effect of rotating axles as specified in Sec.  1066.310(b)(7).
t = elapsed time in the driving schedule as measured by the
dynamometer, in seconds. Let ti-1 = 0 for i = 0.
M = the measured vehicle mass, in lbm or kg.
ag = acceleration of Earth's gravity, as described in 40
CFR 1065.630.
* * * * *

0
289. Section 1066.235 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(1)(i) and
(c)(2)(i) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.235  Speed verification procedure.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode. Set the dynamometer
speed to a value of approximately 4.5 m/s (10 mi/hr); record the output
of the frequency counter after 10 seconds. Determine the roll speed,
vact, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.236

Where:

f = frequency of the dynamometer speed sensing device, accurate to
at least four significant figures.
droll = nominal roll diameter, accurate to the nearest
1.0 mm, consistent with Sec.  1066.225(d).
n = the number of pulses per revolution from the dynamometer roll
speed sensor.

    Example:
f = 2.9231 Hz = 2.9231 s-1
droll = 904.40 mm = 0.90440 m
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.237

vact = 8.3053 m/s
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (i) Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode. Set the dynamometer
speed to a speed value of approximately 4.5 m/s (10 mi/hr). Tune the
stroboscope or photo tachometer until the signal matches the
dynamometer roll speed. Record the frequency. Determine the roll speed,
yact, using Eq. 1066.235-1, using the stroboscope or photo
tachometer's frequency for f.
* * * * *

0
290. Section 1066.245 is amended by revising paragraph (c) introductory
text to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.245  Response time verification.

* * * * *
    (c) Procedure. Use the dynamometer's automated process to verify
response time. You may perform this test either at two different
inertia settings corresponding approximately to the minimum and maximum
vehicle weights you expect to test or using base inertia and two
acceleration rates that cover the range of acceleration rates
experienced during testing (such as 0.5 and 8 (mi/hr)/s). Use good
engineering judgment to select road-load coefficients representing
vehicles of the appropriate weight. Determine the dynamometer's
settling response time, ts, based on the point at which
there are no measured results more than 10% above or below the final
equilibrium value, as illustrated in Figure 1 of this section. The
observed settling response time must be less than 100 milliseconds for
each inertia setting. Figure 1 follows:
* * * * *

0
291. Section 1066.250 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(1), (c)(2),
and (c)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  1066.250  Base inertia verification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) Warm up the dynamometer according to the dynamometer
manufacturer's instructions. Set the dynamometer's road-load inertia to
zero, turning off any electrical simulation of road load and inertia so
that the base inertia of the dynamometer is the only inertia present.
Motor the rolls to 5 mi/hr. Apply a constant force to accelerate the
roll at a nominal rate of 1 (mi/hr)/s. Measure the elapsed time to
accelerate from 10 to 40 mi/hr, noting the corresponding speed and time
points to the nearest 0.01 mi/hr and 0.01 s. Also determine mean force
over the measurement interval.

    (2) Starting from a steady roll speed of 45 mi/hr, apply a constant
force to the roll to decelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mi/hr/
s. Measure the elapsed time to decelerate from 40 to 10 mi/hr, noting
the corresponding speed and time points to the nearest 0.01 mi/hr and
0.01 s. Also determine mean force over the measurement interval.
* * * * *
    (5) Determine the base inertia, Ib, for each measurement
interval using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR25OC16.238

Where:

F = mean dynamometer force over the measurement interval as measured
by the dynamometer.