1 United States Prevention, Pesticides EPA 738 R 06 013 Environmental Protection and Toxic Substances June 2006 Agency ( 7508C)

62910 Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Dichlorvos ( DDVP) 2 Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision ( IRED) Document for Dichlorvos ( DDVP)

List A Case Number 0302 Approved by: Date: Debra Edwards, Ph. D. Director Special Review and Reregistration Division 3 Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 8 I. Introduction........................................................................................................................... 8 II. Chemical Overview............................................................................................................ 11 A. Chemical Identity ........................................................................................................... 11 B. Use and Usage Profile ..................................................................................................... 12 III. Links to the DDVP Risk Assessments.............................................................................. 13 IV. Interim Risk Management and Reregistration Decision................................................. 13 A. Determination of Interim Reregistration Eligibility ..................................................... 13 B. Public Comments and Responses................................................................................... 14 C. Regulatory Position ........................................................................................................ 14 1. Food Quality Protection Act Findings........................................................................ 14 a. " Risk Cup" Determination...................................................................................... 14 b. Determination of Safety to U. S. Population ( Including Infants and Children)..... 15 c. Endocrine Disruptor Effects ................................................................................... 15 d. Cumulative Risks .................................................................................................... 16 2. Tolerance Summary .................................................................................................... 17 D. Regulatory Rationale...................................................................................................... 20 1. Human Health Risk Management .............................................................................. 20 a. Aggregate Risk Mitigation ( food, drinking water, and residential exposure)....... 20 b. Occupational Risk Mitigation................................................................................. 21 2. Ecological Risk Management and Mitigation ............................................................ 21 3. Other Labeling Requirements .................................................................................... 22 4. Threatened and Endangered Species Considerations................................................ 22 5. General Risk Mitigation.............................................................................................. 22 V. What Registrants Need to Do ............................................................................................ 23 A. Manufacturing Use Products......................................................................................... 23 1. Additional Generic Data Requirements ..................................................................... 23 2. Labeling for Manufacturing Use Products ................................................................ 24 B. End Use Products ........................................................................................................... 24 1. Additional Product Specific Data Requirements ....................................................... 24 2. Labeling for End Use Products................................................................................... 24 APPENDIX A: Dichlorvos Use Patterns Eligible For Reregistration.................................. 32 APPENDIX B. Table of Generic Data Requirements and Studies Used to Make the Reregistration Decision for DDVP ......................................................................................... 46 APPENDIX C: Bibliography................................................................................................. 51 APPENDIX D: Technical Support Documents..................................................................... 67 APPENDIX E: Generic Data Call In .................................................................................... 71 APPENDIX E: Product Specific Data Call In ...................................................................... 72 APPENDIX G: EPA's Batching of DDVP Products for Meeting Acute Toxicity Data Requirements for Reregistration............................................................................................ 73 Appendix H: List of Registrants Sent Data Call Ins ............................................................ 80 Appendix I: List of Available Related Documents and Electronically Available Forms .... 81 4 APPENDIX J: Dichlorvos ( DDVP) HED Chapter of the Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document ( RED)..................................................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX K: Revised EFED risk assessment for the Dichlorvos Reregistration Eligibility Document .............................................................................................................................. 237 5 DDVP Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision Team EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Special Review and Reregistration Division Dayton Eckerson Eric Olson Health Effects Division William Dykstra Susan Hummel Ray Kent David Jaquith David Hrdy Environmental Fate and Effects Division Diana Eignor Ibrahim Abdel Saheb Biological and Economic Analysis Division Donald Atwood TJ Wyatt John Faulkner Registration Division George LaRocca 6 Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations AGDCI Agricultural Data Call In ai Active Ingredient aPAD Acute Population Adjusted Dose BCF Bioconcentration Factor CFR Code of Federal Regulations cPAD Chronic Population Adjusted Dose CSF Confidential Statement of Formulation CSFII USDA Continuing Surveys for Food Intake by Individuals DCI Data Call In DEEM Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model DFR Dislodgeable Foliar Residue DNT Developmental Neurotoxicity EC Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulation EDWC Estimated Drinking Water Concentration EEC Estimated Environmental Concentration EPA Environmental Protection Agency EUP End Use Product FDA Food and Drug Administration FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FFDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act FQPA Food Quality Protection Act GLN Guideline Number IR Index Reservoir LC50 Median Lethal Concentration. A statistically derived concentration of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50% of test animals. It is usually expressed as the weight of a substance per weight or volume of water, air, or feed, e. g., mg/ l, mg/ kg, or ppm. LD50 Median Lethal Dose. A statistically derived single dose that can be expected to cause death in 50% of the test animals when administered by the route indicated ( oral, dermal, inhalation). It is expressed as a weight of substance per unit weight of animal, e. g., mg/ kg. LOC Level of Concern LOAEL Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level MATC Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration µ g/ g Micrograms Per Gram µ g/ L Micrograms Per Liter mg/ kg/ day Milligram Per Kilogram Per Day mg/ L Milligram Per Liter MOE Margin of Exposure MRID Master Record Identification Number. EPA's system for recording and tracking studies submitted. MUP Manufacturing Use Product NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level OPP EPA Office of Pesticide Programs 7 OPPTS EPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances PAD Population Adjusted Dose PCA Percent Crop Area PDP USDA Pesticide Data Program PHED Pesticide Handler's Exposure Data PHI Pre harvest Interval ppb Parts Per Billion PPE Personal Protective Equipment ppm Parts Per Million PRZM/ EXAMS Q* Tier II Surface Water Computer Model The Carcinogenic Potential of a Compound, Quantified by the EPA's Cancer Risk Model RAC Raw Agriculture Commodity RED Reregistration Eligibility Decision REI Restricted Entry Interval RfD Reference Dose RQ Risk Quotient SCI GROW Tier I Ground Water Computer Model SAP Science Advisory Panel SF Safety Factor SLC Single Layer Clothing TGAI Technical Grade Active Ingredient USDA United States Department of Agriculture USGS United States Geological Survey UF Uncertainty Factor UV Ultraviolet WPS Worker Protection Standard 8 Abstract This document presents EPA's interim reregistration and tolerance reassessment decisions for the pesticide dichlorvos ( DDVP). Final risk management decisions for DDVP will be issued once the cumulative risks for all of the organophosphate pesticides have been addressed. EPA may need to pursue further risk management measures for DDVP once the cumulative risks are considered.

Pending completion of the organophosphate cumulative assessment, EPA has determined that DDVP will be eligible for reregistration and that tolerances will be reassessed once recent use deletions and label amendments requested by the registrant become effective. These use deletions and label amendments are summarized later in this document. EPA has assessed the human health and ecological risks associated with the remaining uses of DDVP and has determined that risks do not exceed levels of concern. Therefore, no additional risk mitigation measures are necessary at this time. Additional data are required to confirm these decisions.

EPA's screening level ecological risk assessment indicated potential risks of concern resulting from DDVP use to control flying insects and granular bait uses. However, because the screening level assessment methods included conservative assumptions, EPA believes that actual risks associated with these uses will not exceed levels of concern and no further mitigation is needed.

Based on EPA's screening level assessment, potential risks to federally listed threatened and endangered species (" listed species") cannot be precluded at this time. In the future EPA will conduct a species specific risk analysis. A determination that there is a likelihood of effects to any listed species may result in further limitations on DDVP use, additional risk mitigation measures, and/ or consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service and/ or the National Marine Fisheries Service as appropriate.

The Agency is issuing this Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision ( IRED) document for DDVP, as announced in a Notice of Availability published in the Federal Register. There will be a 60 day public comment period for this document to allow stakeholders the opportunity to review and provide comments on this document.

I. Introduction The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act ( FIFRA) was amended in 1988 to accelerate the reregistration of products with active ingredients registered prior to November 1, 1984. The Act calls for the development and submission of data to support the reregistration of an active ingredient, as well as a review of all data submitted to EPA. Reregistration involves a thorough review of the scientific database underlying a pesticide's registration. The purpose of the Agency's review is to reassess the potential hazards arising from the currently registered uses of a pesticide, to determine the need for additional data on health and environmental effects, and to determine whether or not the pesticide meets the " no unreasonable adverse effects" criteria of FIFRA. 9 On August 3, 1996, the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 ( FQPA) was signed into law. This Act amended FIFRA and the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act ( FFDCA) to require reassessment of all existing tolerances for pesticides in food by August 3, 2006. EPA decided that, for those chemicals that have tolerances and are undergoing reregistration, tolerance reassessment would be accomplished through the reregistration process. Under FQPA, in reassessing these tolerances, the Agency must consider, among other things, aggregate risks from non occupational sources of pesticide exposure, whether there is increased susceptibility among infants and children, and the cumulative effects of pesticides that have a common mechanism of toxicity. When the Agency determines that risks are not of concern and concludes that there is a reasonable certainty of no harm to any population subgroup, the tolerances are considered reassessed.

FQPA requires EPA to consider available information concerning the cumulative effects of a particular pesticide's residues and " other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity" when considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance. Potential cumulative effects of chemicals with a common mechanism of toxicity are considered because low level exposure to multiple chemicals causing a common toxic effect by a common mechanism could lead to the same adverse health effect as would a higher level of exposure to any one of these individual chemicals. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the policy statements released by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs concerning common mechanism determinations and procedures for cumulating effects from substances found to have a common mechanism on EPA's website at http:// epa. gov/ pesticides/ cumulative/.

DDVP is a member of the organophosphate class of pesticides. The Agency has classified the organophosphate pesticides and their common degradates as having a common mechanism of toxicity. The Agency is completing its cumulative risk assessment for this class, and the cumulative risks of these chemicals are being considered in the Agency's final tolerance assessment decision for DDVP and the other organophosphates. The Agency may need to pursue further risk mitigation for DDVP to address any risks identified in the cumulative assessment for the organophosphate pesticides.

This document presents EPA's revised human health and ecological risk assessments ( see Appendices J and K), its progress toward tolerance reassessment, and the interim reregistration eligibility decision for DDVP. The document consists of six sections. Section I contains the regulatory framework for reregistration/ tolerance reassessment. Section II provides the chemical identity and a profile of the use and usage of the chemical. Section III references the revised human health and ecological risk assessments attached as Appendices to this document. Section IV presents the Agency's risk management, reregistration eligibility, and tolerance reassessment decision. Section V summarizes any data requirements necessary to confirm the reregistration eligibility decision as well as label changes necessary to implement the risk mitigation measures outlined in the IRED. Section VI provides information on how to access related documents. Finally, the Appendices list related information and supporting documents and present the human health and ecological risk assessments. The preliminary and revised risk assessments for 10 DDVP in their entirety are available in the Public Docket, under docket number OPP 2002 0302, and in the Federal Docket Management System ( FDMS) at http:// www. regulations. gov.

Readers should be aware that the current human health risk assessment reflects recent changes in the DDVP registration voluntarily requested by the registrant. The changes requested in the registrant's terms and conditions letter, dated May 9, 2006, are summarized below. The Agency is in the process of approving the changes as requested in the letter. The full letter is available in the docket.

Voluntary Deletion of the Following:

Product Types 1. 100 gram ( g) pest strip 2. 80 g pest strip ( contingent on EPA granting the replacement registration for the 80g pest strip) 3. 65 g pest strip ( contingent on EPA granting the replacement registration for the 65g pest strip) 4. 21 g pest strip ( contingent on EPA granting the registration for 16 g pest strip) 5. Total release fogger The registrant will split its end use registrations so that there will be one end use label for the large pest strips ( 65 g & 80 g) and another for the small pest strips ( 10.5 g, 5.25 g, and a new 16 g).

Use Patterns 6. Lawn, Turf, and Ornamentals 7. Crack and Crevice Application Method 8. Mushroom house hand held fogger 9. Greenhouse hand held fogger 10. Warehouse hand held fogger Label Amendments Occupational Exposure  Applicators 1. Mushroom house Hose End Sprayer  add coveralls to personal protective equipment requirements.

Occupational  Post Application 2. Mushroom houses   18 hour re entry interval ( REI) 3. Greenhouse  12 hour REI Pest Strips 65 and 80 g pest strips Label language to read: 11 " For use in unoccupied areas; not for use in homes except garages, attics, crawl spaces, and sheds occupied for less than 4 hours per day.

Also for use in boathouses, museum collections, animal buildings, and milk rooms, or enclosed areas thereof, occupied for less than 4 hours per day.

For use in unoccupied areas such as trash dumpsters, catch basins, bulk raw grain bins, storage bins, insect traps, enclosed utility boxes, and storage units. Also for use in non perishable packaged and bagged and bulk stored processed and raw agricultural commodities ( including soybeans, corn, grains, cocoa beans and peanuts).

Also for use in the following unoccupied structures, provided they are unoccupied for more than 4 months immediately following placement of a pest strip: vacation homes, cabins, mobile homes, boats, farm houses, and ranch houses."

16 g ( new), 10.5 g, 5.25 g pest strips Label language to read:

" Within homes, use only in closets, wardrobes, and cupboards. Also for use in storage units, garages, attics, crawl spaces, boathouses, museum collections, garbage cans, trash dumpsters, animal buildings, milk rooms, catch basins, bulk raw grain, and storage bins."

II. Chemical Overview A. Chemical Identity Chemical Structure:

Empirical Formula: C4 H7 Cl2 04 P Common Name: Dichlorvos ( DDVP)

CAS Name: 2,2 Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate CAS Registry Number: 62 73 7 OPP Chemical Code: 084001 12 Case Number: 0302 Technical or Manufacturing Use Registrants: AMVAC Chemical Corporation Regulatory History   First registered for use in 1948.   EPA initiated special review in 1988 ( PD1) for carcinogenicity, liver effects, and cholinesterase inhibition.   Preliminary determinations ( PD2/ 3) issued in 1995, proposing cancellation of certain uses, and label modifications for other uses to mitigate risk B. Use and Usage Profile The following is information on the currently registered uses of DDVP. A detailed table of food and feed uses, or uses which require tolerances or tolerance consideration, is contained in Appendix A.

Pesticide type/ target pests: Dichlorvos ( 2, 2 Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate), also known as DDVP, is an organophosphate insecticide. Target pests are flies, gnats, mosquitoes, chiggers, ticks, cockroaches, armyworms, chinch bugs, clover mites, crickets, cutworms, grasshoppers, and sod webworms.

Mode of Action: Inhibition of cholinesterase.

Formulations: Granules for bait, liquid, resin impregnated, ready to use sprays and foggers. Methods of Application: Applied with ready to use aerosol spray cans, spray equipment, wall mounted foggers, and through slow release from impregnated materials, such as resin strips and pet collars.

Use Sites: DDVP is registered to control insect pests in agricultural sites, commercial, institutional and industrial sites; in and around homes; and on pets. DDVP is also used in greenhouses; mushroom houses; storage areas for bulk, packaged and bagged raw and processed agricultural commodities; food manufacturing/ processing plants; animal premises; and non food areas of food handling establishments. It is also registered for direct dermal pour on treatment of cattle and poultry. DDVP is not registered for direct use on any field grown commodities.

Application Rates: The maximum rate is 2.0 gm ai/ 1000 cu. ft. for liquid formulations in greenhouses and warehouses; and 0.09 lb ai/ 1000 cu. ft. for 13 impregnated material.

Annual Usage in the U. S.: Approximately 54% used for commodities in bulk storage, distribution warehouses and processing plants; 28% for livestock and poultry; and 15% for Pest Control Operator/ structural use.

Related Pesticides: DDVP is closely related to naled and trichlorfon, which are members of the organophosphate class of pesticides. Naled and trichlorfon both metabolize or degrade to DDVP in food, water, or the environment. Tolerances Currently, there are 27 tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 108.235 for DDVP on agricultural ( food and feed) crops and animal commodities. See Table 1 for a complete list of the DDVP tolerances.

III. Links to the DDVP Risk Assessments Please refer to Appendices J and K for the Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments for DDVP, dated June 20, 2005, and June 22, 2006, respectively, for details on the risks associated with the use of DDVP. These documents are also available in the public docket EPA HQ OPP 2002 0302, located on line in the Federal Docket Management System ( FDMS) http:// www. regulations. gov.

IV. Interim Risk Management and Reregistration Decision A. Determination of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Section 4( g)( 2)( A) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to determine, after submission of relevant data concerning an active ingredient, whether or not products containing the active ingredient are eligible for reregistration. The Agency has previously identified and required the submission of the generic ( technical grade) data to support reregistration of products containing DDVP as an active ingredient. The Agency has completed its review of these generic data, and has determined that the data are sufficient to support interim reregistration of products containing DDVP once the use deletions and label amendments discussed above become effective. Additional data are required to confirm this determination.

The Agency has completed its assessment of the dietary ( both food and drinking water), residential, occupational, and ecological risks associated with the use of pesticide products containing the active ingredient DDVP. Based on a review of these data and on public comments on the Agency's assessments for the active ingredient DDVP, the Agency has sufficient information on the human health and ecological effects of DDVP to make interim decisions as part of the tolerance reassessment process under FFDCA and reregistration process under FIFRA, as amended by FQPA. The Agency has determined that products containing DDVP will be eligible for reregistration provided that ( i) label amendments are made to reflect the use deletions, use amendments, and other measures identified in the registrant's May 9, 2006 terms and conditions letter, and ( ii) any additional measures needed to reduce cumulative risks 14 are adopted. Label changes and language are listed in Section V. Appendix A provides a detailed table of those uses eligible for reregistration. Appendix B identifies generic data the Agency reviewed as part of its interim determination of reregistration eligibility of DDVP, and lists the studies the Agency found acceptable and that satisfy the data requirement. Data gaps are identified as either outstanding generic data requirements that have not been satisfied with acceptable data or additional data requirements necessary to confirm the decision presented here.

Because the Agency has not yet addressed the potential cumulative risk for all of the organophosphates, this reregistration eligibility decision does not fully satisfy the requirements for reassessment of the existing DDVP food residue tolerances as called for by FQPA. When the Agency has addressed potential organophosphate cumulative risks, DDVP tolerances will be reassessed. At that time, the Agency will also meet the FQPA requirements and make a final decision on the reregistration eligibility determination for DDVP. Additionally, once an endangered species assessment is completed, further changes to these registrations may be necessary as explained in Section IV. D. 4 of this document.

B. Public Comments and Responses During the public comment period on the revised ecological risk assessment, which closed on June 30, 2005, the Agency received comments from AMVAC Chemical Corporation, Beyond Pesticides, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Cereal Food Processors, Inc. These comments in their entirety are available in the public docket EPA HQ OPP 2002 0302, located on line in the Federal Docket Management System ( FDMS) http:// www. regulations. gov. During the public comment period on the human health assessment, which closed on December 11, 2000, the Agency received comments from the Norwegian Agricultural Inspection Service, Pesticide Applicators Education Program, Natural Resources Defense Council ( NRDC), AMVAC Chemical Corporation, University of Georgia Entomology Department, North American Miller's Association, California Pistachio Commission, Fumigation Service & Supply, Inc., U. S. Department of Agriculture ( USDA), and California Department of Pesticide Regulation. The Agency's responses to substantive comments for both comment periods are available in memoranda in the public docket. It is important to note that the Agency's responses to the public comments reflected the Agency's position at the time that the responses were written. This DDVP IRED supersedes previous Agency responses to public comments.

C. Regulatory Position 1. Food Quality Protection Act Findings a. " Risk Cup" Determination As part of the FQPA tolerance reassessment process, EPA assessed the risks associated with DDVP. This assessment is for this individual organophosphate and does not attempt to fully reassess these tolerances as required under FQPA. FQPA requires the Agency to evaluate food tolerances on the basis of cumulative risk from substances sharing a common mechanism of toxicity, such as a common biochemical interaction of organophosphate pesticides with cholinesterase which may lead to a myriad of cholinergic effects. The Agency will finalize the 15 cumulative risk assessment and risk management decisions for the entire class of organophosphates shortly.

DDVP is closely related to naled and trichlorfon, which are also members of the organophosphate class of pesticides. Naled and trichlorfon both metabolize or degrade to DDVP in food, water, or the environment. Therefore, FQPA requires OPP to estimate aggregate risk from all sources of DDVP, including DDVP derived from naled and trichlorfon. The current assessment addressed the risks posed by DDVP resulting from the uses of DDVP, naled, and trichlorfon.

The Agency has made an interim conclusion that tolerances for DDVP meet the FQPA safety standards and that the risk from aggregate exposure ( from food, drinking water, and residential sources) is within the DDVP " risk cup." The Agency has determined that the human health risks from these combined exposures are within acceptable levels. In reaching this determination, EPA has considered the available information on the special sensitivity of infants and children.

b. Determination of Safety to U. S. Population ( Including Infants and Children)

The Agency has made an interim decision that the established tolerances for DDVP, with label amendments and changes as specified in this IRED document, meet the safety standards under the FQPA amendments to Section 408( b)( 2)( D) and 408( b)( 2)( c) of the FFDCA, and that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the general U. S. population, infants, children, or any other subgroup, from the use of DDVP. The safety determination considers factors such as the toxicity, use practices and exposure scenarios, and environmental behavior of DDVP.

In determining whether or not infants and children are particularly susceptible to toxic effects from DDVP residues, the Agency considered the completeness of the hazard database for developmental and reproductive effects, the nature of the effects observed, and other information. The Agency evaluated the hazard and exposure data to determine if the FQPA10X safety factor should be retained, reduced, or removed. In doing so, the Agency concluded that the FQPA Safety Factor for DDVP can be reduced to 1X, except for certain scenarios, for which the FQPA factor is retained at 3X to account for the lack of a NOAEL. The exposure scenarios that have retained a 3X FQPA Safety Factor due to a lack of a NOAEL are: short term incidental oral; short, intermediate, and long term dermal; short and intermediate term inhalation of vapors; and short and intermediate term inhalation during application. In the case of DDVP, the Agency has concluded that the FQPA Safety Factor should be reduced based on the lack of preand or postnatal susceptibility resulting following exposure to DDVP, the lack of residual uncertainties for pre and/ or postnatal toxicity, and the fact that the DDVP food, drinking water, and residential assessments are not expected to underestimate exposure. For more details on the DDVP FQPA Safety Factor, refer to the Human Health Risk Assessment, dated June 22, 2006 ( Appendix J).

c. Endocrine Disruptor Effects 16 EPA is required under the FFDCA, as amended by FQPA, to develop a screening program to determine whether certain substances ( including all pesticide active and other ingredients) " may have an effect in humans that is similar to an effect produced by a naturally occurring estrogen, or other endocrine effects as the Administrator may designate." Following recommendations of its Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee ( EDSTAC), EPA determined that there was a scientific basis for including, as part of the program, the androgen and thyroid hormone systems, in addition to the estrogen hormone system. EPA also adopted EDSTAC's recommendation that EPA include evaluations of potential effects in wildlife. For pesticides, EPA will use FIFRA and, to the extent that effects in wildlife may help determine whether a substance may have an effect in humans, FFDCA authority to require the wildlife evaluations. As the science develops and resources allow, screening for additional hormone systems may be added to the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program ( EDSP). In the available toxicity studies on DDVP, there was no estrogen, androgen, and/ or thyroid mediated toxicity. When additional appropriate screening and/ or testing protocols being considered under the Agency's EDSP have been developed, DDVP may be subjected to further screening and/ or testing to better characterize effects related to endocrine disruption.

d. Cumulative Risks FQPA stipulates that when determining the safety of a pesticide chemical EPA shall base its assessment of the risk posed by the chemical on, among other things, available information concerning the cumulative effects to human health that may result from dietary, residential, or other non occupational exposure to other substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity. The reason for consideration of other substances is due to the possibility that low level exposures to multiple chemical substances that cause a common toxic effect by a common mechanism could lead to the same adverse health effect as would a higher level of exposure to any of the other substances individually. A person exposed to a pesticide at a level that is considered safe may in fact experience harm if that person is also exposed to other substances that cause a common toxic effect by a mechanism common with that of the subject pesticide, even if the individual exposure levels to the other substances are also considered safe.

For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the policy statements released by the Agency concerning common mechanism determinations and procedures for cumulating effects from substances found to have a common mechanism. These may be found on EPA's website at http:// www. epa. gov/ pesticides/ cumulative.

DDVP is a member of the organophosphate ( OP) class of pesticides. EPA considers organophosphates to express toxicity through a common biochemical interaction with cholinesterase and, consequently the organophosphate pesticide risks are considered as a group. EPA published the final guidance that it now uses for identifying substances that have a common mechanism of toxicity ( FR 64( 24) 5796 5799, February 5, 1999), " Proposed Guidance for Cumulative Risk Assessment for Chemicals that Have a Common Mechanism of Toxicity." This document was made available for public comment in the Federal Register ( 65 FR 40644, June 30, 2000) and the Agency presented this approach to the FIFRA/ FQPA Science Advisory Panel 17 in late September, 2000. The revised methods, based on SAP's review, were used to conduct preliminary and revised cumulative risk assessments for organophosphate pesticides in 2002 ( US EPA, 2002) and can be found at http:// www. epa. gov/ scipoly/ sap/ 2002/ index. htm. The revised cumulative risk assessment for OPs, ( US EPA, 2002a) can be found on the Agency's web site http:// www. epa. gov/ pesticides/ cumulative/ rra op/. It assesses the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple OPs, including DDVP.

Once the aggregate, single chemical assessments are completed for all the individual organophosphates, the Agency will issue the final cumulative risk assessment for these compounds. For purposes of this interim decision, EPA has considered risks for only DDVP and its degradates.

2. Tolerance Summary A tolerance summary and interim tolerance reassessment decision is presented for DDVP in Table 1 below. Currently there are 27 tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 180.235 for DDVP on agricultural ( food and feed) crops and animal commodities. DDVP residues are currently expressed in terms of the parent compound only, with the exception of cucumbers, lettuce, mushrooms, and tomatoes, which are expressed as naled. The registrants are not supporting tolerances for several crops and animal commodities, including cucumbers, lettuce, radishes, and tomatoes. These tolerances will be proposed to be revoked. EPA will propose to raise the tolerances for fat, meat, and meat byproducts of cattle, goats, horses, and sheep were raised to harmonize with the Codex maximum residue limit ( MRL).

The tolerances in 40 CFR § 180.235 for nonperishable packaged, bagged or bulk raw food and for packaged or bagged nonperishable processed foods ( formerly in 40 CFR § 185.1900) do not refer to specific commodities.

Table 1. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for DDVP.

Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Tolerance Reassessment, ppm Comment/ [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.235( a)( 1)*

Cattle, fat 0.02( N) 0.05 Cattle, meat 0.02( N) 0.05 Cattle, mbyp 0.02( N) 0.05 EPA will propose to raise the tolerance to harmonize with the Codex maximum residue limit ( MRL).

Cucumbers 0.5 1 Revoke The registrant is not supporting use of DDVP on this commodity. Tolerance has been revoked.

Eggs 0.05( N) 0.05 Goats, fat 0.02( N) 0.05 Goats, meat 0.02( N) 0.05 Goats, mbyp 0.02( N) 0.05 EPA will propose to raise the tolerance to harmonize with the Codex maximum residue limit ( MRL).

Horses, fat 0.02( N) 0.05 EPA will propose to raise the tolerance to harmonize with the 18 Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Tolerance Reassessment, ppm Comment/ [ Correct Commodity Definition]

Horses, meat 0.02( N) 0.05 Horses, mbyp 0.02( N) 0.05 Codex maximum residue limit ( MRL).

Lettuce 1.0 1 Revoke The registrant is not supporting use of DDVP on this commodity. Tolerance has been revoked.

Milk 0.02( N) 0.05 EPA will propose to raise the tolerance to harmonize with the Codex maximum residue limit ( MRL).

Mushrooms 0.5 1 0.5 The tolerance should be revised to be expressed in terms of DDVP.

Poultry, fat 0.05( N) 0.05 Poultry, meat 0.05( N) 0.05 Poultry, mbyp 0.05( N) 0.05 Radishes 0.5 Revoke The registrant is not supporting use of DDVP on this commodity.

Raw agricultural commodities, nonperishable, bulk stored regardless of fat content ( post H) 0.5 4.0 The required residue data showed that a higher tolerance is needed. EPA will propose to raise the tolerance. [ Raw agricultural commodities, nonperishable, bulk stored]

Raw agricultural commodities, nonperishable, packaged or bagged, containing 6 percent fat or less ( post H) 0.5 Raw agricultural commodities, nonperishable, packaged or bagged, containing more than 6 percent fat ( post H) 2.0 4.0 The required residue data showed that a higher tolerance is needed. EPA will propose to raise the tolerance. [ Raw agricultural commodities, nonperishable, packaged and bagged]

Sheep, fat 0.02( N) 0.05 Sheep, meat 0.02( N) 0.05 Sheep, mbyp 0.02( N) 0.05 EPA will propose to raise the tolerance to harmonize with the Codex maximum residue limit ( MRL).

Tomatoes ( pre and post H) 0.05 1 Revoke The registrant is not supporting use of DDVP on this commodity.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.235( a)( 2)

Edible swine tissue 2 0.1 Revoke Residue data have been required and not submitted.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.235( a)( 3)

Packaged or bagged nonperishable processed food 0.5 4.0 The required residue data showed that a higher tolerance is needed, and the tolerance should be moved 19 Commodity Current Tolerance, ppm Tolerance Reassessment, ppm Comment/ [ Correct Commodity Definition]

to § 180.235( a)( 1). EPA will propose to raise the tolerance. [ Processed food, nonperishable, packaged or bagged]

Tolerances to be Proposed Under 40 CFR § 180.235( a)

Soybean, hulls  15.0 Soybean hulls have been added to the Agency's list of regulated processed commodities since DDVP tolerances were set.

Aspirated grain fractions  20.0 Aspirated grain fractions have been added to the Agency's list of regulated processed commodities since DDVP tolerances were set. The tolerance is required when residues in the aspirated grain fractions are greater than the residues in soybean grain residues.

N Negligible residues * Concurrently with the revocation of the tolerance for edible swine tissue in § 180.235( a)( 2) and the moving of the tolerance for packaged or bagged nonperishable processed food in § 180.235( a)( 3), § 180.235( a)( 1) should be redesignated § 180.235( a). 1 Residues expressed as naled. Another registrant has expressed interest in supporting the tolerance on tomato. However, data have been required and not submitted. 2 Resulting both from its use as an anthelmintic in swine feed and as an insecticide applied directly to swine; prescribed by 21 CFR 558.205 as a feed additive in swine, with a tolerance of 0.1 ppm for residues of DDVP in edible swine tissue listed in 21 CFR 556.180.

The Codex Alimentarius Commission has established several maximum residue limits ( MRLs) for residues of DDVP in/ on various commodities. The Codex MRLs are expressed in terms of DDVP per se and are based on residues likely to be found at harvest or slaughter. The Codex MRL and the U. S. tolerance expressions are compatible. A comparison of the Codex MRLs and the corresponding reassessed U. S. tolerances is presented in Table 2.

The following conclusions can be made regarding efforts to harmonize U. S. tolerances with Codex MRLs: ( i) compatibility between the U. S. tolerances and Codex MRLs exists for milks, mushrooms, meat ( from mammals other than marine mammals), and poultry meat; and ( ii) incompatibility of the U. S. tolerances and Codex MRLs remains at present for cereal grains because of differences in good agricultural practices. However, the difference between the U. S. tolerance and Codex MRL for cereal grains is relatively small and unlikely to result in trade concerns in international commerce. 20 Table 2. Codex MRLs and Applicable U. S. Tolerances for DDVP Commodity MRL ( mg/ kg) Reassessed U. S. Tolerance, ppm Recommendation Cereal grains 5 4.0 Meat ( from mammals other than marine mammals) 0.05* 0.05 Compatibility exists Milks 0.02 (*) 0.02 Compatibility exists Mushrooms 0.5 0.5 Compatibility exists Poultry meat 0.05 0.05 Compatibility exists Wheat bran, Unprocessed 10

Wheat flour 1

Wheat germ 10

Wheat wholemeal 2  1 (*) = At or about the limit of detection.

D. Regulatory Rationale The Agency has determined that products containing DDVP will be eligible for reregistration provided that the use deletions, use amendments, worker protections, and label language amendments included in the IRED and in the registrant's May 9, 2006, terms and conditions letter for the DDVP registration are implemented.

1. Human Health Risk Management a. Aggregate Risk Mitigation ( food, drinking water, and residential exposure)

As discussed in the revised human health risk assessment ( Appendix J), upon implementation of the use deletions, use amendments, and the labeling amendments reflected in the DDVP registrant's May 9th, 2006, letter to EPA, all aggregate ( food, drinking water, and residential) risks of concern from use of DDVP will have been addressed; therefore, no further risk mitigation will be necessary for this interim reregistration eligibility decision.

The preliminary human health risk assessment indicated the possibility of drinking water and inhalation exposures of concern from the degradation of trichlorfon into DDVP from trichlorfon turf use. However, since the preliminary risk assessment was written, the registrant for trichlorfon submitted soil dissipation data which indicated that, under predominant soil pH conditions, the actual rate at which trichlorfon degrades into DDVP is significantly lower than assumed in the preliminary risk assessment. As a result, the Agency does not believe that there will be significant drinking water or inhalation exposures to DDVP from the use of trichlorfon on turf. As noted below, confirmatory data in the form of a turf transferable residue ( TTR) study will be required from the trichlorfon registrant to verify that the revised assessment of drinking water and inhalation exposure is accurate. 21 b. Occupational Risk Mitigation As discussed in the revised human health risk assessment ( Appendix J), upon implementation of the use deletions, use amendments, worker protections, and labeling amendments reflected in the DDVP registrant's May 9th, 2006, letter to EPA, the occupational risks of concern from use of DDVP will have been addressed. No further mitigation is necessary.

2. Ecological Risk Management and Mitigation As discussed in the ecological risk assessment attached as Appendix K, the following potential risks of concern were identified by Agency screening level modeling:

  For use on turf, the chronic level of concern ( LOC) was exceeded for birds, and the chronic and acute endangered species LOCs were exceeded for certain mammalian species. Turf use modeling also resulted in acute, acute endangered species, and chronic LOC exceedences for freshwater invertebrates.

  For the flying insect exposure scenario, the chronic level of concern ( LOC) was exceeded for birds, and the chronic and acute endangered species LOCs were exceeded for certain mammal species.

  For the bait exposure scenario, acute risk and acute endangered species LOCs were exceeded for birds. Chronic risk from bait use could not be assessed due to insufficient data.

As noted above, the registrant has requested that all uses on lawns, turf, and ornamentals be deleted from its registration; therefore, the above referenced risks from the turf use scenarios will not occur. Regarding the remaining two uses for which ecological concerns were identified, flying insect spray and granular bait use, modeling for both uses predicts only small exceedences of the risk quotients ( RQs). For the flying insect exposure scenario, most of the chronic RQs were below 5, with a high of 8.3 for 15 g short grass eating mammals. It is important to note also that the exposure assumptions for the flying insect risk estimate represents an extreme worst case scenario: the maximum application rate was assumed to be applied 75 times per year. For the large majority of users, such year round insect control regimens at the maximum treatment levels are not necessary. Moreover, even for climates where target insect infestations are a yearround problem, it is unlikely that treatments will continue uninterrupted every 3 to 5 days for an entire year.

For the granular bait use, the highest estimated RQ was just under 1 for 20 g birds; the rest of the estimated RQs were below 0.2. Given these very low exceedences in the Agency's screening level modeling at maximum use rate, the Agency does not believe that this use of DDVP presents a risk of concern. Therefore EPA is not requiring additional mitigation measures. 22 3. Other Labeling Requirements In order to be eligible for reregistration, DDVP use and user safety information also needs to be included in the labeling of all end use products containing DDVP. For the specific label statements and a list of additional data requirements necessary to confirm this decision, refer to Section V of this RED document.

4. Threatened and Endangered Species Considerations The Agency has developed the Endangered Species Protection Program to identify pesticides whose use may cause adverse impacts on threatened and endangered species and to implement mitigation measures that address these impacts. The Endangered Species Act requires federal agencies to ensure that their actions are not likely to jeopardize listed species or adversely modify designated critical habitat. To analyze the potential of registered pesticide uses that may affect any particular species, EPA uses basic toxicity and exposure data developed for REDs and then considers ecological parameters, pesticide use information, geographic relationship between specific pesticide uses and species locations, and biological requirements and behavioral aspects of the particular species. When conducted, this species specific analysis will take into consideration risk mitigation measures that are being implemented as a result of this IRED.

For the remaining outdoor uses of DDVP flying ( insect and granular bait), the Agency's level of concern for Federally listed threatened and endangered species were exceeded for endangered bird species and small mammals. There also may be the potential for indirect adverse effects for some listed species that are dependent on this taxonomic group. These findings are based on EPA's screening level assessment and do not constitute a may affect finding under the Endangered Species Act.

Following this future species specific analysis, a determination that there is a likelihood of potential effects to a listed species may result in limitations on use of DDVP, other measures to mitigate any potential effects, or consultations with the Fish and Wildlife Service and/ or the National Marine Fisheries as appropriate. If the Agency determines use of DDVP " may effect" listed species or their designated critical habitat, EPA will employ the provisions in the Services regulations ( 50 CFR Part 402). EPA is not requiring specific DDVP label language at the present time relative to threatened and endangered species. If, in the future, specific measures are necessary for the protection of listed species, the Agency will implement them through the Endangered Species Program.

5. General Risk Mitigation DDVP end use products may also contain other registered pesticides. Although the Agency is not proposing any mitigation measures for products containing DDVP specific to Federally listed threatened and endangered species, the Agency needs to address potential risks from other end use products. Therefore, the Agency requires that users adopt all threatened and endangered species risk mitigation measures for all active ingredients in the product. If a 23 product contains multiple active ingredients with conflicting threatened and endangered species risk mitigation measures, the more stringent measure( s) must be adopted.

V. What Registrants Need to Do The Agency has determined that DDVP is eligible for reregistration provided ( i) label amendments are made to reflect the use deletions, use amendments, and other measures identified in the registrant's May 9, 2006, terms and conditions letter, as well as this IRED, and ( ii) any additional measures needed to reduce cumulative risks are adopted. The Agency intends to issue Data Call Ins ( DCIs) for generic ( technical or manufacturing use grade) data and product specific data. Generally, registrants will have 90 days from receipt of a generic DCI to complete and submit response forms or request time extension and/ or waiver requests with a full written justification. Table 3 below presents the additional generic data the Agency intends to require for DDVP to be eligible for reregistration. For product specific DCIs, registrants will have eight months to submit data and amend labels. In order for products containing DDVP to be eligible for reregistration, all product labels must be amended to incorporate the specific changes and language presented in Table 4 below. Table 4 also describes how the required language should be incorporated.

A. Manufacturing Use Products 1. Additional Generic Data Requirements The generic database supporting the reregistration of DDVP has been reviewed and determined to be complete. However, the following additional data requirements have been identified by the Agency as confirmatory and are included in the generic DCI for this IRED.

Table 3. Confirmatory Data Requirements for the Reregistration of DDVP Data Requirement New OPPTS Guideline Number ( GLN) Old Guideline Number Storage Stability The reregistration requirements for storage stability data are not fulfilled. Information pertaining to the storage intervals and conditions of samples of the following commodities must be submitted: packaged and bagged raw agricultural commodities and processed food; bulk stored raw agricultural commodities; milk; eggs; and meat, fat, and meat byproducts of dairy cows and poultry. Alternatively, the registrant may demonstrate that there are sufficient residue data which are supported by storage stability data to support all registered uses of DDVP. 860.1380 171 4e Magnitude of Residues: Swine The reregistration requirements for data pertaining to this guideline topic are not completely fulfilled. A dermal magnitude of the residue study must be submitted for swine. No additional data are required for milk and edible tissues of ruminants, and for eggs and edible tissues of poultry. 860.1480 171 4j In addition, a confirmatory exposure study will be required for trichlorfon based on the DDVP risk assessment. A TTR study ( GDLN 875.2500) with analyses for trichlorfon and DDVP in the turf and in the toddler breathing zone above the turf ( 18") is requested to confirm 24 the exposure estimates in this document. The study must be conducted at an appropriate pH ( approx. 7). The air concentrations of DDVP must be expressed in mg/ L. A field dissipation study may be substituted, provided it meets these requirements. A DCI for this confirmatory data will be sent to the trichlorfon registrant.

2. Labeling for Manufacturing Use Products To ensure compliance with FIFRA, labeling on manufacturing use products ( MUP) should be revised to comply with all current EPA regulations, PR Notices, and applicable policies. The MUP labeling should bear the specific language presented in Table 4 below.

B. End Use Products 1. Additional Product Specific Data Requirements Section 4( g) ( 2) ( B) of FIFRA calls for the Agency to obtain any needed product specific data regarding the pesticide after a determination of eligibility has been made. The registrant must review previous data submissions to ensure they meet current EPA acceptance criteria and if not, commit to conduct new studies. If a registrant believes that previously submitted data meet current testing standards, then the study MRID numbers should be cited according to the instructions in the Requirement Status and Registrations Response Form provided for each product. The Agency intends to issue a separate product specific Data Call In outlining specific data requirements.

2. Labeling for End Use Products Labeling changes are necessary to implement measures outlined in the IRED. The specific changes and language required are presented in Table 4 below.

Except for pest strips, existing stocks time frames will be established case by case, depending on the number of products involved, the number of label changes, and other factors. Please refer to " Existing Stocks of Pesticide Products; Statement of Policy," Federal Register, Volume 56, No. 123, June 26, 1991.

For large pest strips ( 80 gram and 65 gram), the registrant shall stop distributing product with old labels on April 15, 2007, ( or 4 months after EPA approves their new labels, which ever is later); supplemental distributors shall have until December 31, 2007, to sell any old labeled product. As of January 1, 2008, the registrant and its supplemental distributors may sell only pest strips with the new label language. After December 31, 2007, the Registrant will reclaim any old labeled product from its distributors or end use registrants.

For small pest strips ( 16 gram, 10.5 gram, and 5.25 gram) the new label language is effective as of the date EPA approves the changes described above. The existing stocks time frames will be established per the " Existing Stocks of Pesticide Products; Statement of Policy," Federal Register, Volume 56, No. 123, June 26, 1991. 25 In order to be eligible for reregistration, amend all product labels to incorporate the risk mitigation measures outlined in the IRED. The following table describes how language on the labels should be amended.

Table 4: Summary of Labeling Changes for DDVP Description Amended Labeling Language Placement on Label For all Manufacturing Use Products " Only for formulation into:

( 1) Dry formulations for use in impregnated dispensers, impregnated resin dog and flea collars, and dry bait formulations:

( 2) The following impregnated resin pest strip products: 80, 65, 16, 10.5 and 5.25 grams ( 3) Ready to Use aerosol and total release fogger products intended for commercial use;

( 4) Liquid formulations for the following agricultural/ commercial uses: farm buildings, ( farmyards),

manure treatments on farm premises, dairy and farm premises, feed lots, including barns, feeding areas,

shelters and stables, dairy barns ( including milk rooms), equipment and barnyards, livestock feeding areas, pens, poultry droppings, poultry houses ( equipment and yards), greenhouses ( non food),

mushroom houses, beef cattle, poultry, dairy cattle, goats, horses ( including ponies), sheep, swine and turkeys, and;

( 5) Liquid formulations for use only in commercial application equipment such as conventional or ULV fogging equipment ( space treatment) for warehouses, silos, mushroom houses, greenhouses ( non food)

bulk bins and food/ feed processing, food/ feed manufacturing, handling and storage plants containing non perishable, packaged or bagged raw or processed food/ feed commodities or bulk raw or processed food commodities and non food feed areas processing/ manufacturing plants.

" Not for formulation into:

( 1) Products intended for use by residential consumers that contain more than .5% a. i. DDVP;

( 2) Ready to Use ( RTU) total release fogger products intended for use on residential sites;

( 3) Aerosol products intended to be used as crack and crevice or space sprays on residential sites;

( 4) Liquid formulations intended for use with hand held fogging or hand held smoke generator equipment;

( 5) Products intended for use in tobacco houses;

( 6) Products intended for use in the following types of food/ feed manufacturing establishments:

bottling plants ( including wineries, breweries, soft drinks, frozen food/ feed ( including pizza and ice cream plants;

( 7) Products intended for use in the following food/ feed processing establishments: meat, poultry and seafood slaughtering and/ or packing plants ( including edible fats and oils), frozen food/ feed plants ( including fruit and vegetables), dairy product plants ( including milk processing plants); Directions for Use 26 ( 8) Products intended for use on lawns, turf, or ornamentals."

One of these statements may be added to a label to allow reformulation of the product for a specific use or all additional uses supported by a formulator or user " This product may be used to formulate products for specific use( s) not listed on the MP label if the formulator, user group, or grower has complied with U. S. EPA submission requirements regarding support of such use( s)."

" This product may be used to formulate products for any additional use( s) not listed on the MP label if the formulator, user group, or grower has complied with U. S. EPA submission requirements regarding support of such use( s)." Directions for Use Environmental Hazards Statements Required by the IRED and Agency Label Policies " This product is toxic to birds, fish, and aquatic invertebrates. Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System ( NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA." Precautionary Statements End Use Products Intended for Occupational Use ( WPS and Non WPS)

PPE Requirements Established by the IRED1 for liquid formulations ( excludes Ready to Use aerosol products containing 5% or less a. i.

DDVP) " Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)"

" Some materials that are chemical resistant to this product are" ( registrant inserts correct chemicalresistant material). " If you want more options, follow the instructions for category" [ registrant inserts A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H] " on an EPA chemical resistance category selection chart."

Mixers, loaders, applications and other handlers must wear:

 long sleeve shirt,

 long pants,

 shoes and socks, and  chemical resistant gloves  A NIOSH approved respirator with:

 an organic vapor removing cartridge with a prefilter approved for pesticides ( MSHA/ NIOSH approval number prefix TC 23C) or,

 a canister approved for pesticides ( MSHA/ NIOSH approval number prefix TC 14G) or,

 an organic vapor removing cartridge or canister with any N, R, P, or HE prefilter. Immediately following/ below Precautionary Statements: Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals PPE Requirements Established by the IRED for Ready to Use ( RTU)

Aerosol products containing 5% or less a. i.

DDVP and products " Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE)"

" Some materials that are chemical resistant to this product are" ( registrant inserts correct chemicalresistant material). " If you want more options, follow the instructions for category" [ registrant inserts A, B, C, D, E, F, G, or H] " on an EPA chemical resistance category selection chart."

Applicators and other handlers must wear: Immediately following/ below Precautionary Statements: Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals 27 formulated as a granular baits.  long sleeve shirt,

 long pants,

 shoes and socks,

 chemical resistant gloves PPE Requirements Established by the IRED for Ready to Use pest strips and collars PPE not required User Safety Requirements for all products requiring PPE ( see above) " Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/ maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables exist, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry."

" Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this product's concentrate. Do not reuse them." Precautionary Statements: Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals immediately following the PPE requirements Engineering Controls for all Formulations None Required User Safety Recommendations All products:

" User Safety Recommendations Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet."

All products requiring PPE:

" Users should remove clothing/ PPE immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing.

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing." Precautionary Statements under:

Hazards to Humans and Domestic Animals immediately following Engineering Controls ( Must be placed in a box.)

Environmental Hazards Statements for products labeled for outdoor uses " ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS"

" This product is toxic to fish, birds, and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water, to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters or rinsate." Precautionary Statements under Environmental Hazards Environmental Hazards for Products labeled for Indoor Use that are packaged in containers " ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS"

" Do not discharge effluent containing this product into lakes, streams, ponds, estuaries, oceans, or other waters unless in accordance with the requirements of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Precautionary Statements under Environmental Hazards 28 equal to or greater than 5 gallons or 50 lbs ( NPDES) permit and the permitting authority has been notified in writing prior to discharge. Do not discharge effluent containing this product to sewer systems without previously notifying the local sewage treatment plant authority. For guidance contact your State Water Board or Regional Office of the EPA."

Restricted Entry Interval ( REI), Early Entry PPE and Ventilation Requirement for products with use directions for use within the scope of the Worker protection Standard for agricultural pesticides " NOTIFICATION: Before the start of the application, notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting fumigant warning signs at all entrances to the building. The signs must bear the skull and crossbones symbol and state: ( 1) " DANGER/ PELIGRO," ( 2) " Building under fumigation,

DO NOT ENTER/ NO ENTRE," ( 3) the date and time of fumigation, ( 4) " DDVP { or use brand name}

Fumigant in use," and name, address, and telephone number of the applicator. Post the fumigant warning sign instead of the WPS sign for this application, but follow all WPS requirements pertaining to location, legibility, size, and timing of posting and removal."

" Do not apply this product to a greenhouse or mushroom house that is attached to another structure,

including another greenhouse or mushroom house, unless the greenhouse or mushroom house to be treated is entirely sealed off from the other structures."

" A trained pesticide handler with immediate access to the PPE that this labeling requires for applicators must maintain constant visual or voice contact with any handler who is applying this product in a greenhouse or mushroom house or who enters the treated building before the ventilation is complete to perform any handling task."

" Entry ( including early entry that would otherwise be permitted under the WPS) by any person  other than a correctly trained and equipped handler who is performing a handling task permitted by the WPS and wearing the personal protective equipment required for handlers  is PROHIBITED in the entire greenhouse or mushroom house ( entire enclosed structure/ building) from the start of application until ventilation is complete in the greenhouse or mushroom house. Ventilation is complete either when 24 hours have elapsed following application and the building has been opened and aired or when a directindication short term concentration monitoring device ( e. g. Draeger tube) indicates that the DDVP air concentration is equal to, or less than 0.050 ppm ( 50% of the OSHA PEL). A trained pesticide handler with immediate access to the PPE that this labeling requires for applicators must maintain constant visual or voice contact with any handlers entering the treated building before the ventilation is complete."

" For Greenhouses: If ventilation is complete before 12 hours have elapsed following application ( e. g.,

Draeger tub reading), then a restricted entry interval of 12 hours is in effect. Do not enter or allow workers to enter during the restricted entry interval of 12 hours. Early entry as permitted by the Worker Protection Standard is permitted provided:

  the fumigant warning sign is removed, and   the following personal protective equipment is worn: coveralls, shoes and socks, and waterproof gloves." Agrigultural Use Reqirements Box 29 " For Mushroom Houses:

If ventilation is complete before 18 hours have elapsed following application ( e. g., Draeger tub reading),

then a restricted entry interval of 18 hours is in effect. Do not enter or allow workers to enter during the restricted entry interval of 18 hours. Early entry as permitted by the Worker Protection Standard is permitted provided:

  the fumigant warning sign is removed, and   the following personal protective equipment is worn: coveralls, shoes and socks, and waterproof gloves."

Entry Restrictions for products having occupational uses on the label not subject to the WPS ( applies to aerosols applied as a space spray,

fog or smoke) " NOTIFICATION: Before the start of the application, post fumigant warning signs at all entrances to the building. The signs must bear the skull and crossbones symbol and state: ( 1)

" DANGER/ PELIGRO," ( 2) " Building under fumigation, DO NOT ENTER/ NO ENTRE," ( 3) the date and time of fumigation, ( 4) " DDVP { or use brand name} Fumigant in use," and name, address, and telephone number of the applicator. The signs must be located prominently at each entrance, using a sign size and letter size that makes the sign clearly legible. All signs must be removed after the ventilation is complete and before routine entry by unprotected persons is permitted.

" Entry by any person  other than a correctly trained and equipped handler who is performing a task related to ventilation or air concentration monitoring and who is wearing the personal protective equipment required for handlers  is PROHIBITED in the entire enclosed structure/ building from the start of application until ventilation is complete. Ventilation is complete either when 24 hours have elapsed following application and the building has been opened and aired or when a direct indication short term concentration monitoring device ( e. g. Draeger tube) indicates that the DDVP air concentration is equal to, or less than 0.050 ppm ( 50% of the OSHA PEL)." If no WPS uses on the product label, place the appropriate statement in the Directions for Use Under General Precautions and Restrictions. If the product also contains WPS uses, then create a Non Agricultural Use Requirements box as directed in PR Notice 93 7 and place the appropriate statement inside that box.

Entry Restrictions for products having occupational uses on the label that are only applied as a surface spray. Entry Restriction for non WPS uses applied as a surface spray:

" Do not enter or allow others to enter until sprays have dried." If no WPS uses on the product label, place the appropriate statement in the Directions for Use Under General Precautions and Restrictions. If the product also contains WPS uses, then create a Non Agricultural Use Requirements box as directed in PR Notice 93 7 and place the appropriate statement inside that box. 30 General Application Restrictions " Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only handlers wearing specified PPE may be in the area during application." Place in the Direction for Use directly above the Agricultural Use Box.

Other Application Restrictions ( Risk Mitigation) Liquid Formulations:

" Use in hand held fogger or hand held smoke generator equipment is prohibited."

" Use in residential sites as a crack and crevice or space spray is prohibited"

" Use on Lawns, turf or ornamentals is prohibited".

Pest Strips ( 80 and 65 g):

" For use in unoccupied areas; not for use in homes except garages, attics, crawl spaces, and sheds occupied for less than 4 hours per day.

Also for use in boathouses, museum collections, animal buildings, and milk rooms, or enclosed areas thereof, occupied for less than 4 hours per day.

For use in unoccupied areas such as trash dumpsters, catch basins, bulk raw grain bins, storage bins,

insect traps, enclosed utility boxes, and storage units. Also for use in non perishable packaged and bagged and bulk stored processed and raw agricultural commodities ( including soybeans, corn, grains,

cocoa beans and peanuts).

Also for use in the following unoccupied structures, provided they are unoccupied for more than 4 months immediately following placement of a pest strip: vacation homes, cabins, mobile homes, boats,

farm houses, and ranch houses."

Pest Strips ( 16, 10.5, and 5.25 g):

" Within homes, use only in closets, wardrobes, and cupboards. Also for use in storage units, garages,

attics, crawl spaces, boathouses, museum collections, garbage cans, trash dumpsters, animal buildings,

milk rooms, catch basins, bulk raw grain, and storage bins." Directions for Use End Use Products Intended for Residential Use 31 Application Restrictions " Do not apply this product in a way that will contact any person, pet, either directly or through drift.

Keep people and pets out of the area during application."

Pest Strips ( 80 and 65 g):

" For use in unoccupied areas; not for use in homes except garages, attics, crawl spaces, and sheds occupied for less than 4 hours per day.

Also for use in boathouses, museum collections, animal buildings, and milk rooms, or enclosed areas thereof, occupied for less than 4 hours per day.

For use in unoccupied areas such as trash dumpsters, catch basins, bulk raw grain bins, storage bins,

insect traps, enclosed utility boxes, and storage units. Also for use in non perishable packaged and bagged and bulk stored processed and raw agricultural commodities ( including soybeans, corn, grains,

cocoa beans and peanuts).

Also for use in the following unoccupied structures, provided they are unoccupied for more than 4 months immediately following placement of a pest strip: vacation homes, cabins, mobile homes, boats,

farm houses, and ranch houses."

Pest Strips ( 16, 10.5, and 5.25 g):

" Within homes, use only in closets, wardrobes, and cupboards. Also for use in storage units, garages,

attics, crawl spaces, boathouses, museum collections, garbage cans, trash dumpsters, animal buildings,

milk rooms, catch basins, bulk raw grain, and storage bins." Directions for Use under General Precautions and Restrictions Entry Restrictions Liquids applied as surface sprays:

" Do not allow people or pets to enter the treated area until sprays have dried." Directions for use under General Precautions and Restrictions 1 PPE that is established on the basis of Acute Toxicity of the end use product must be compared to the active ingredient PPE in this document. The more protective PPE must be placed in the product labeling. For guidance on which PPE is considered more protective, see PR Notice 93 7. 32 APPENDIX A: Dichlorvos Use Patterns Eligible For Reregistration Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Agricultural commodities ( bulk storage of nonperishable raw and processed agricultural commodities including raw grains, corn, soybeans, cocoa beans, and peanuts) 20% Impr Use of product where unwrapped food is stored or allowing the strip to come in contact with food or cooking utensils is prohibited.

20% Impr ] Use in kitchens, restaurants, or areas where food/ feed are prepared or processed, use in food/ feed processing or food/ feed manufacturing areas of food/ feed processing and food/ feed manufacturing plants are prohibited.

Premise treatment 20% Impr 10.5 g of product/

50 100 cu. ft or 80 g of product/

900 1200 cu. Ft Use in kitchens, restaurants, or areas where food is prepared or served and use in edible product areas of food processing plants are prohibited.

Greenhouses ( not containing food commodities)

Fog application 0.37 lb/ gal EC 0.004 lb/ 1,000 cu. ft Applications may be made using a cold aerosol generator. Hand held foggers are no longer permitted.

Mushroom houses 50% FlC 2% finished spray [ 6.25 oz/ 10,000 cu. ft] Applications may be made in 1,1,1 trichloroethane using a cold aerosol generator. Applications may be made twice a week during spawn run; thereafter use as needed. A 1 day PHI has been established for mushrooms.

2% finished spray [ 10 oz/ 10,000 cu. ft]

5 g/ 10,000 cu. ft Applications may be made in deodorized base kerosene using a cold aerosol generator.

Applications may be made twice a week during spawn run; thereafter use as needed. A 1 day PHI has been established for mushrooms.

Fog application [ hand held fogger is no longer permitted] 0.37 lb/ gal EC 0.004 lb/ 1,000 cu. ft Applications may be made using a cold aerosol generator. Applications may be made twice a week during spawn run; thereafter use as needed.

Brush on / coarse spray 2 lb/ gal EC 0.00125 lb/ 100 sq ft Coarse spray or paint on walls, around doors, ventilators & cracks before mushrooms come into production. Use as 0.5% solution   1 pint of 0.5% solution per 100 sq ft., up to 10 days before crop emerges on soil beds. Do not spray inside walls after mushrooms appear on beds. After mushrooms appear, spray only the outside of the building.

Food handling establishments ( including households; restaurants; theaters; food processing plants; industrial plants; and warehouses) 33 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Indoor treatment Directed spray application Indoor treatment Remote Fog Application 4 lb/ gal EC 20% PrL 0.5% finished spray 2.5 g/ 1000 cu. ft. Applications may be made with deodorized base oil or water using a low pressure sprayer to treat localized areas where insects may infest around baseboards, cracks, walls, doors, window frames, and localized areas of floors. Use in edible product areas of food processing plants,

restaurants, or other areas where food is commercially prepared or processed and use in serving areas while food is exposed is prohibited Application made by timer when buildings are unoccupied. Building should be closed and ventilation kept to a minimum. Lock all entrances, and do not allow unprotected workers to enter the building when being treated.

Food handling establishments ( including theaters; food processing plants; industrial plants; and warehouses)

Indoor treatment Space spray application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 2 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 1% finished spray [ 1 gal/ 64,000 cu. ft] Fogging or misting applications may be made with deodorized base oil or water using fogging or misting equipment to treat indoor areas. Applications are to be made when the plants are not in operation. Food should be removed and food handling equipment covered prior to application or washed with suitable cleaner and potable water after application.

Food handling establishments [ including areas for receiving, storage, packing ( canning, bottling, wrapping, boxing), preparing, edible waste storage,

and enclosed processing systems ( mills, dairies, edible oils, syrups), and serving areas]

Indoor crack and crevice treatment 0.25 lb/ gal EC 0.5 lb/ gal EC 0.1% finished spray Applications may be made in water or oil and may be applied by directing small amounts into crack and crevices, in points between different elements of construction, and between equipment legs and bases. Applications in food areas other than crack and crevice treatments are prohibited.

Nonfood/ feed areas of food handling establishments [ including garbage rooms, lavatories, floor drains ( sewers), entries and vestibules, offices,

locker rooms, machine rooms, boiler rooms, garages, mop closets, and storage ( after canning or bottling)] 34 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Indoor treatment Directed spray application 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 2 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 0.5% finished spray Applications may be made with deodorized base oil or water using a low pressure sprayer to treat localized areas where insects may infest around baseboards, cracks, walls, doors, window frames, and localized areas of floors. Use in edible product areas of food processing plants,

restaurants, or other areas where food is commercially prepared or processed and use in serving areas while food is exposed are prohibited.

4.48 lb/ gal SC [ 0.5% finished spray Applications may be made with deodorized base oil using a low pressure sprayer to treat localized areas where insects may infest around baseboards, cracks, walls, doors, window frames, and localized areas of floors. Use in food/ feed handling areas of food/ feed handling establishments, restaurants or other areas where food is commercially prepared or served and use to treat non perishable bagged or bulk raw or processed commodities is prohibited.

10 lb/ gal SC 0.5% finished spray For use in warehouses, silos, bulk bins, and food/ feed processing, food/ feed manufacturing,

handling and storage plants containing non perishable, packaged or bagged raw or processed food/ feed commodities or bulk raw or processed food commodities. Applications may be made with deodorized base oil using a low pressure sprayer to treat localized areas where insects may infest around baseboards, cracks, walls, doors, window frames, and localized areas of floors.

Use of this product in food processing plants, food handling areas of restaurants, or areas where food is prepared or served, and use to treat non perishable bagged and or bulk stored raw or processed agricultural commodities are prohibited. Contamination of food, water, food containers, or cooking utensils is prohibited.

Nonfood/ feed areas of food handling establishments [ including garbage rooms, lavatories, floor drains ( sewers), entries and vestibules, offices,

locker rooms, machine rooms, boiler rooms, garages, mop closets, and storage ( after canning or bottling)]

Indoor spot treatment 0.25 lb/ gal EC 0.5 lb/ gal EC 0.1% finished spray Applications may be made in water or oil and may be applied as a coarse spray or with a paint brush to areas where pests hide ( baseboard areas, around water pipes, surfaces behind and beneath sinks, lockers, tables, pallets, and similar areas). Applications may be repeated as needed. Use of this product in edible product areas of food processing plants, restaurants, or other areas where food is commercially prepared or processed and use in serving areas where food is exposed are prohibited. 35 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations 1.16 lb/ gal EC [ 0.5% finished spray Applications may be made in water and may be applied to areas where pests hide ( around baseboards, cracks, walls, door and window frames and localized areas of floors). Use of this product in food processing plants, food handling areas of restaurants, or areas where food is prepared or served, and use to treat non perishable bagged and or bulk stored raw or processed agricultural commodities are prohibited. Contamination of food, water, food containers, or cooking utensils is prohibited.

0.5% RTU 0.5% spray Applications may be made with a pump sprayer to areas where pests hide ( dark corners of room and closets, cracks and crevices in walls, behind and beneath sinks, stoves, refrigerators,

cabinets, washing machines, cupboards, bookcases, and around baseboards). Use of this product in food areas of food handling establishments, restaurants, or other areas where food is commercially prepared or processed and use in serving areas where food is exposed or while facility is operating are prohibited.

I ndoor treatment Space spray application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 4.48 lb/ gal SC 1% finished spray [ 1 gal/ 64,000 cu. ft] Fogging or misting applications may be made with deodorized base oil using fogging or misting equipment to treat indoor areas. Use in bottling plants, food contact areas or meat slaughter,

and/ or packing plants or in frozen food plants is prohibited.

Nonfood/ feed areas of food handling establishments [ including garbage rooms, lavatories, floor drains ( sewers), entries and vestibules, offices,

locker rooms, machine rooms, boiler rooms, garages, mop closets, and storage ( after canning or bottling)] ( continued)

I ndoor treatment Space spray application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 10 lb/ gal SC 1% finished spray [ 1 gal/ 64,000 cu. ft] For use in warehouses, silos, bulk bins, and food/ feed processing, food/ feed manufacturing,

handling and storage plants containing non perishable, packaged or bagged raw or processed food/ feed commodities or bulk raw or processed food commodities. Fogging or misting applications may be made with deodorized base oil using fogging or misting equipment to treat indoor areas. Use in bottling plants, food contact areas or meat slaughter, and/ or packing plants or in frozen food plants is prohibited. When using in food processing, handling, and storage areas: ( I) applications may be made only during times when plant is not in operation and no food products are exposed; if bulk, unpackaged food is exposed, it must be removed or covered prior to treatment; ( ii) all food processing surfaces should be covered during treatment or thoroughly cleaned before using.

Indoor premise treatment 0.5% PrL 0.5% spray Use as a space spray is prohibited. Applications may be applied to areas where pests hide ( cracks, around baseboards, cabinets, walls, and woodwork) and repeated as necessary. Use of this product in edible product areas of food processing plants, restaurants, or other areas where food is commercially prepared or processed and use to treat non perishable bagged and or bulk stored raw or processed agricultural commodities are prohibited. Contamination of utensils, food, water, and foodstuffs prohibited.

20% Impr 10.5 g of product/

50 100 cu. ft Use in kitchens, restaurants, or areas where food/ feed are prepared or processed, use in food/ feed processing or food/ feed manufacturing areas of food/ feed processing and food/ feed manufacturing plants are prohibited.

Animal Uses ( Premises) 36 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Farm buildings ( including animal shelters, barns, around feed lots, dairy barns, milk sheds, loafing pens, pig pens, poultry houses, hog barns,

stables, and other farm buildings)

Premise treatment Directed spray application 1 lb/ gal EC 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft] Applications may be made as a coarse, wet spray to all exterior and interior surfaces, treating window sills, around doors, fences, and ledges or as a directed spray to floors, baseboards,

crack and crevices in wall, and along base of walls. Applications may be made using water or oil based sprays; applications may be repeated as necessary. A 1 day preslaughter interval ( PSI) has been established.

2 lb/ gal EC 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft] Applications may be made as a coarse, wet spray to surfaces, treating window sills, doorways,

feed storage rooms, and alleyways. Applications may be made using water; applications may be repeated as necessary. Animals must be removed prior treatment. Application in areas where animals have received a direct application of DDVP within the past 8 hours is prohibited.

0.37 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft] Applications may be made as a coarse, wet spray to surfaces, treating window sills, doorways,

feed storage rooms, and alleyways. Applications may be made using water; applications may be repeated as necessary. Animals may be present during treatment. Contamination of water,

feed or foodstuffs, milk or milking utensils is prohibited.

Farm buildings ( including animal shelters, barns, around feed lots, dairy barns, milk sheds, poultry houses, hog barns, stables, and other farm buildings) ( continued) 37 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Premise treatment Directed spray application 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft] Applications may be made as a coarse, wet spray to surfaces, treating window sills, doorways,

feed storage rooms, and alleyways. Applications may be made using diesel oil or water;

applications may be repeated as necessary. Direct treatment of animals or humans and contamination of water, feed or foodstuffs, milk or milking utensils are prohibited.

Premise treatment Space spray application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 2 lb/ gal EC 1% finished spray [ 0.5 qt/ 8,000 cu. ft]

or 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 8,000 cu. ft] Fog applications may be made using diesel oil. Animals must be removed prior to treatment.

Prior to application, reduce air movement as much as possible by closing doors, windows, and other openings. Application in areas where animals have received a direct application of DDVP within the past 8 hours is prohibited.

Farm buildings ( including animal shelters, barns, around feed lots, dairy barns, milk sheds, poultry houses, hog barns, stables, and other farm buildings) ( continued) 38 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Premise treatment Space spray application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 1% finished spray [ 0.5 qt/ 8,000 cu. ft]

or 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 8,000 cu. ft] Fog applications may be made using diesel oil. Animals must be removed prior to treatment.

Prior to application, reduce air movement as much as possible by closing doors, windows, and other openings. Application in areas where animals have received a direct application of DDVP within the past 8 hours is prohibited. Contamination of water, feed or foodstuffs, milk or milking utensils is prohibited.

Premise treatment 1% G 0.04 oz/ 1,000 sq. ft Bait applications may be made to clean floor areas, ground areas outside enclosures, window sills, or other areas where flies congregate. Applications are to be made in such a manner that stock cannot come into contact with bait.

Farm buildings ( including animal shelters, barns, around feed lots, dairy barns, milk sheds, poultry houses, hog barns, stables, and other farm buildings) ( continued)

Premise treatment Space spray application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 1 lb/ gal EC 1% finished spray [ 0.5 qt/ 8,000 cu. ft] Fog applications may be made with animals present, provided a direct animal treatment of DDVP has not been made in the past 8 hours. Applications may be made using water or deodorized kerosene. Prior to application, reduce air movement as much as possible by closing doors, windows, and other openings. 39 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Animal buildings ( including horse barns, calf parlors, hog parlors, stables, poultry houses, tack rooms, and dog kennels)

Premise treatment 20% Impr 10.5 g of product/

50 100 cu. ft Contamination of water, food or foodstuffs, milk or milking equipment is prohibited. Use of product where unwrapped food is stored or allowing the strip to come in contact with food or cooking utensils is prohibited.

20% Impr 10.5 g of product/

50 100 cu. ft Contamination of water, food or foodstuffs, milk or milking equipment is prohibited.

Milk rooms ( including bulk storage rooms)

Premise treatment 20% Impr 10.5 g of product/

50 100 cu. ft Contamination of milk or milking equipment is prohibited. Use of product where unwrapped food is stored or allowing the strip to come in contact with food or cooking utensils is prohibited.

20% Impr 10.5 g of product/

50 100 cu. ft Contamination of milk or milking equipment is prohibited.

Feed lots, stockyards, corrals, and holding pens Outdoor premise treatment 1 lb/ gal EC Applications may be made as an overall mist spray to fences, feed bunkers, shade areas,

spillage areas, building walls, and other areas where flies congregate. Applications may be made in water using a mist blower or similar equipment at 3 to 14 day intervals.

0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC ] 0.5% finished spray [ 5 gal/ A]

0.2 lb/ A Applications may be made as an overall mist spray to fences, feed bunkers, spillage areas, and building walls. Applications may be made in diesel oil or water using a mist blower or similar equipment. Animals may be present during treatment. 40 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Poultry houses Premise treatment 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC [ 5481 200] 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft]

Not specified on the 2 lb/ gal EC [ 5481 73]

product label Applications may be made to manure, window sills, exterior walls, interior walls, feed room floors, and walkways. Only crack and crevice treatments are permitted for indoor use and applications are to be made out of reach of poultry ( EPA Reg. No. 5481 41 only).

1% G [ 5481 9] 0.04 oz/ 1,000 sq. ft Bait applications may be made to droppings under cages, on walkways, window sills, alley ways,

and other areas where flies congregate. Applications are to be made out of reach of birds.

Direct Animal Uses Cattle ( beef and dairy)

Animal mist spray treatment 1 lb/ gal EC [ 5481 41] 1% finished spray [ 2 fl. oz/ animal/ day] Application may be made in water as an atomized spray uniformly distributed over each animal.

Do not wet the skin.

2 lb/ gal EC [ 5481 73] 0.5% finished spray [ 4 fl. oz/ animal/ day] Application may be made in water as an atomized spray uniformly distributed over each animal.

Application more than once per day and application to calves less than 6 months of age are prohibited. 41 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC [

1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 1% finished spray [ 2 fl. oz/ animal/ day] Application may be made in deodorized base oil or water as an atomized spray uniformly distributed over each animal. Do not wet the hide. Application of more than 2 fl. oz. per animal per day and application to calves less than 6 months of age are prohibited. A 1 day PSI has been established ( EPA Reg. Nos. 5481 204 and 5481 220 only).

Cattle ( beef and dairy) ( continued)

Animal face paint treatment 1 lb/ gal EC 0.5% bait slurry [ 1 tsp/ face] Applications may be made to the animal's forehead daily for 14 days and thereafter as needed. 42 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations 0.37 lb/ gal 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 1% bait slurry [ 3 mL/ face] Application is to be made as a 6 inch line to the animal's forehead with a paint brush.

Cattle ( beef and dairy) ( continued) 43 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Manure treatment 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 0.5% finished spray [ 2 qt/ 100 sq. ft]

or 1% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 100 sq. ft] Applications may be made in water to control maggots in manure piles and garbage dumps.

Poultry Manure treatment 1 lb/ gal EC [ 5481 41] 0.5% finished spray [ 2 qt/ 100 sq. ft] Applications may be made in diesel oil or deodorized kerosene to control flies and maggots in poultry droppings.

Animal Uses  Oral Dosing ( Drug Use)

Swine Feed treatment N/ A 3 12.5 20.6 mg/ kg body weight Application is to be made by mixing active ingredient into feed and may be repeated in 4 5 weeks.

Wide Area and General Outdoor Treatment Outdoor areas ( including outside picnic areas, patios, and eating areas of drive in restaurants)

Outdoor spray application 2 lb/ gal SC 0.5 1% finished spray Applications may be made in deodorized spray base oil and repeated monthly or as needed.

Outdoor areas ( including picnic grounds, parking areas, loading docks, refuse areas, garbage collection and disposal areas, around drive in restaurants, food processing plants, and warehouses) 44 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Outdoor spray application 1 lb/ gal EC 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft] Applications may be made in water and repeated as needed. Direct use on animals and contamination of feed, foodstuffs, or water are prohibited.

Outdoor areas ( including picnic grounds, parking areas, loading docks, refuse areas, garbage collection and disposal areas, around drive in restaurants, food processing plants, and warehouses) ( continued)

Outdoor spray application 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 0.5% finished spray [ 1 qt/ 1,000 sq. ft] Applications may be made in diesel oil or water and repeated as needed. Direct use on animals or humans and contamination of water, food, food containers or cooking utensils are prohibited.

Outdoor areas ( including picnic grounds, parking areas, loading docks, refuse areas, garbage collection and disposal areas, around drive in restaurants, food processing plants, and warehouses) ( continued) 45 Site Application Type Formulation Application Rate, ai Use Directions and Limitations Outdoor fogging application [ Hand Held Foggers are no longer permitted] 0.37 lb/ gal EC 1.16 lb/ gal EC 1.59 lb/ gal EC 2 lb/ gal EC 4 lb/ gal EC 1.15 lb/ gal SC 4.48 lb/ gal SC 8.39 lb/ gal SC 10 lb/ gal SC 1% finished spray [ 5 10 pt/ A]

or 0.05 0.1 lb/ A Fogging or misting applications may be made with diesel oil or water using fogging or misting equipment to treat outdoor living areas, picnic areas, backyard areas, patios, loading docks,

outdoor latrines, parking areas, refuse areas around service stations, open air drive ins, ice cream stands, and garbage collection and disposal areas. Use in areas where food or feed crops are growing is prohibited.

Catch basins Outdoor treatment 20% Impr One strip One strip ( 10.5 or 80 g of product) is to be suspended 10 inches above water level for control of mosquitoes breeding in catch basins. 46 APPENDIX B. Table of Generic Data Requirements and Studies Used to Make the Reregistration Decision for DDVP GUIDE TO APPENDIX B Appendix B contains a listing of data requirements which support the reregistration for active ingredients within the case DDVP covered by this RED. In contains generic data requirements that apply nitrapyrin in all products, including data requirements for which a " typical formulation" is the test substance.

The data table is organized in the following formats:

1. Data requirement ( Column 1). The data requirements are listed in the order in which they appear in 40 CFR 158. The reference numbers accompanying each test refer to the test protocols set in the Pesticide Assessment Guidance, which is available from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. ( 703) 487 4650.

2. Use Pattern ( Column 2). This column indicates the use patterns for which the data requirements apply. The following letter designations are used for the given use patterns.

A. Terrestrial food B. Terrestrial feed C. Terrestrial non food D. Aquatic food E. Aquatic non food outdoor F. Aquatic non food industrial G. Aquatic non food residential H. Greenhouse food I. Greenhouse non food J. Forestry K. Residential L. Indoor food M. Indoor non food N. Indoor medical O. Indoor residential 3. Bibliographic Citation ( Column 3). If the Agency has acceptable data in its files, this column lists the identifying number of each study. This normally is the Master Record Identification ( MRID) number, but may be a " GS" number is no MRID number has been assigned. Refer to the Bibliography appendix for a complete citation of the study. 47 Appendix B. Data Supporting Guideline Requirements for the Reregistration of DDVP New Guideline Number Old Guideline Number Description Use Patterns Citations PRODUCT CHEMISTRY 830.1550 61 1 Product Identity and Composition All 40798101 830.1600 61 2A Description of materials used to produce the product All 40798101 830.1620 61 2B Description of production process Al 40798101 830.1670 61 2B Formation of Impurities All 40798101 830.1700 62 1 Preliminary Analysis All 40798102 830.1750 62 0 Certification of Limits All 40798102 830.1800 62 3 Analytical Method All 40798102 830.6302 63 2 Color All 40798103 830.6303 63 3 Physical State All 40798103 830.6304 63 4 Odor All 40798103 830.6313 63 13 Stability to normal and elevated temperatures, metals, and metal ions All 40798103, 41232401, 43890401 830.6367 63 17 Storage Stability 40798103 830.6320 63 20 Corrosion Characteristics 40798103 830.7000 63 12 pH All 40798103 830.7050 None UV/ Visible Absorption All 830.7200 63 5 Melting Point All 830.7220 63 6 Boiling Point All 40798103 830.7300 63 7 Density All 40798103 830.7550 63 11 Partition coefficient, shake flask method All 40798103 830.7840 63 8 Solubility All 40798103 830.7950 63 9 Vapor Pressure All 40798103 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICITY 850.2100 71 1A Avian Acute Oral Toxicity   Quail ALL 00160000, 40818301 850.2100 71 1A Avian Acute Oral Toxicity   Duck ALL 00160000 850.2200 71 2A Avian Dietary Toxicity   Quail ALL 00022923 850.2200 71 2B Avian Dietary Toxicity   Duck ALL 00022923 850.2300 71 4A Avian Reproduction   Quail ALL 43981701 850.2300 71 4B Avian Reproduction   Duck ALL 44233401 850.1075 72 1A Fish Toxicity Bluegill ALL 40094602 850.1075 72 1B Fish Toxicity Bluegill   TEP ALL 43284701 850.1075 72 1C Freshwater Fish Toxicity Rainbow Trout ALL 40098001 850.1075 72 1D Freshwater Fish Toxicity Rainbow Trout   TEP ALL 43284702 850.1010 72 2A Freshwater Invertebrate Toxicity ALL 40098001 850.1075 72 3A Estuarine/ Marine Toxicity   Fish ALL 43571403 850.1025 72 3B Estuarine/ Marine Toxicity   Mollusk ALL 43571404 850.1035 72 3C Estuarine/ Marine Toxicity   Shrimp ALL 43571405 850.1300 72 4 Freshwater Invertebrate Toxicity   Chronic ALL 43890301 72 3D Estuarine/ Marine Toxicity   Fish, TEP ALL 43571406 72 3E Estuarine/ Marine Toxicity   Mollusk, TEP ALL 43571407 72 3F Estuarine/ Marine Toxicity   Shrimp, TEP ALL 43571408 850.1350 72 4B Estuarine/ Marine Invertebrate Life ALL 43854301 48 New Guideline Number Old Guideline Number Description Use Patterns Citations Cycle 850.1400 72 4 Freshwater Fish Early Life Stage ALL 43788001 850.3020 141 1 Honey Bee Acute Contact ALL 00036935 850.5400 122 2 Aquatic Plant Growth ALL 40228401= 40098001 TOXICOLOGY 870.1100 81 1 Acute Oral Toxicity  Rat ALL 00005467, 45805701, 45805702, 45805703, 45842301 870.1200 81 2 Acute Dermal Toxicity   Rabbit/ Rat ALL 00005467 870.1300 81 3 Acute Inhalation Toxicity   Rat ALL 00137239 870.2400 81 4 Primary Eye Irritation  Rabbit ALL 00146921 870.2500 81 5 Primary Skin Irritation ALL 00146920 870.3100 82 1A Subchronic Oral Toxicity: 90 Day Study Rodent ALL 41004701 870.6100 Subchronic Neurotoxicity Study in Hens ALL 41004702 870.3700 83 3A Developmental Toxicity   Rat ALL 41951501 870.3700 83 3B Developmental Toxicity   Rabbit ALL 41802401 870.3800 83 4 2 Generation Reproduction   Rat ALL 42483901 870.4100 83 1A Chronic Feeding Toxicity Study   Rat ALL 870.4100 83 1B Chronic Feeding Toxicity Study  Nonrodent ALL 41593101 870.4200 83 2B Carcinogenicity Mice ALL 00057695, 00632569, 40299401 870.4300 83 5 Combined Chronic Toxicity/ Carcinogenicity: Rats ALL 40299401 870.6100 82 5A Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity  Hen ALL 43433501, 41004702 870.6200 81 8 Neurotoxicity Screening Battery ALL 42958101, 42655301 870.6300 83 6 Developmental Neurotoxicity ALL 46153302, 46239801 870.7485 85 1 General Metabolism ALL 41228701, 41839901 870.7600 85 3 Dermal Penetration and Absorption ALL 41435201 870.8223 Time Course of Cholinesterase Inhibition in Preweaning and Adult Wistar Rats/ 870.8223 ALL 46153303 Non Guideline Preliminary Developmental Neurotoxicity  Rat ALL 46153301 Multiple Oral Dosing on Erythrocyte Cholinesterase Inhibition in Healthy Male Volunteers ALL 44248801 Nonguideline Human Studies Cholinestrase Inhibition Following Oral Administration to Healthy Male Volunteers ALL 44416201 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE 835.2120 161 1 Hydrolysis ALL 41723101 835.2240 161 2 Photodegradation  Water ALL 43326601 835.2410 161 3 Photodegradation  Soil ALL 43642501 835.4100 162 1 Aerobic Soil Metabolism ALL 41723102 835.4200 162 2 Anaerobic Soil Metabolism ALL 43835701 835.1240 163 1 Leaching/ Adsorption/ Desorption ALL 41723103, 40034904, 41354105 835.6100 164 1 Terrestrial Field Dissipation ALL 44297701, 44386701 49 New Guideline Number Old Guideline Number Description Use Patterns Citations RESIDUE CHEMISTRY 860.1000 170 1 Reduction of Residue Dried Beans A, B 42910701 Cocoa Beans A, B 42910701 Coffee Beans A, B 42910701 Tomato A, B 42910701 Meat, Eggs, Pasteurized Milk A, B 42910701 Degradation  Packaged and Bagged Raw and Processed Commodities A, B 42858201 Degradation  Bulk Stored Raw and Processed Commodities A, B 42903801 860.1300 171 4A Nature of Residue   Plants A, B 00013545, 00074844 860.1300 171 4B Nature of Residue   Livestock A, B 00013546, 00066696, 00117261, 00117262, 00126462, 00126463, 42721601, 42951701 860.1340 171 4C Residue Analytical Method   Plants A, B 00042702, 00042704, 00042706, 00047472, 00049086, 00049971, 00049975, 00051556, 00074706, 00074777, 00107572, 00115993, 00117747, 00118115, 00139845 860.1340 171 4D Residue Analytical Method  Livestock A, B 00042702, 00042704, 00049086, 00049087, 00049975, 00060469, 00060470, 00060472, 00074706, 00115939, 00115993, 00117257, 00117747, 00118113, 00118592, 00118639, 00140392 860.1380 171 4E Storage Stability A, B 00074776, 00076809, 00140392, 43377701, Data Gap 860.1500 171 4K Crop Field Trials Radishes A, B 00118572, 00119536 Lettuce A, B 00033139, 00082271, 00118572, 00119536 Cucumbers A, B 00082271, 00107572, 00118572 Mushrooms A, B 00074658, 00117686, 00117690 Multiresidue Methods A, B 42611001 860.1360 171 4M Food Handling 860.1460 171 4I Grain Processing and Manufacturing Establishments A, B Bulk Stored Raw and Processed Commodities A, B 00117747, 42916601 Bulk stored peanuts A, B 43003101 50 New Guideline Number Old Guideline Number Description Use Patterns Citations Packaged and Bagged Raw and Processed Commodities A, B 00056593, 00056595, 00056596, 42853701 Magnitude of Residue in Meat, Milk, Poultry and Eggs 860.1480 171 4J Milk and the Fat, Meat, and Meat Byproducts of Cattle, Goats, Hogs, Horses, and Sheep A, B Eggs and the Fat, Meat, and Meat Byproducts of Poultry A, B 00118639, 00119537, 00139843, 00139844, 43047901, Data Gap Magnitude of Residue in Processed Food/ Feed 860.1520 171 4L Corn, field A, B Cottonseed A, B 42993501 Rice A, B 42993501 Peanuts A, B 42952601 Soybeans A, B 42993501 Wheat A, B 42993501 Wheat A, B 42993501 OCCUPATIONAL/ RESIDENTIAL EXPOSURE 51 APPENDIX C: Bibliography 1. CONTENTS OF BIBLIOGRAPHY. This bibliography contains citations of all studies considered relevant by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclusions stated elsewhere in the Reregistration Eligibility Document. Primary sources for studies in this bibliography have been the body of data submitted to EPA and its predecessor agencies in support of past regulatory decisions. Selections from other sources including the published literature, in those instances where they have been considered, are included.

2. UNITS OF ENTRY. The unit of entry in this bibliography is called a " study". In the case of published materials, this corresponds closely to an article. In the case of unpublished materials submitted to the Agency, the Agency has sought to identify documents at a level parallel to the published article from within the typically larger volumes in which they were submitted. The resulting " studies" generally have a distinct title ( or at least a single subject), can stand alone for purposes of review and can be described with a conventional bibliographic citation. The Agency has also attempted to unite basic documents and commentaries upon them, treating them as a single study.

3. IDENTIFICATION OF ENTRIES. The entries in this bibliography are sorted numerically by Master Record Identifier, or " MRID number". This number is unique to the citation, and should be used whenever a specific reference is required. It is not related to the six digit " Accession Number" which has been used to identify volumes of submitted studies ( see paragraph 4( d)( 4) below for further explanation). In a few cases, entries added to the bibliography late in the review may be preceded by a nine character temporary identifier. These entries are listed after all MRID entries. This temporary identifying number is also to be used whenever specific reference is needed.

4. FORM OF ENTRY. In addition to the Master Record Identifier ( MRID), each entry consists of a citation containing standard elements followed, in the case of material submitted to EPA, by a description of the earliest known submission. Bibliographic conventions used reflect the standard of the American National Standards Institute ( ANSI), expanded to provide for certain special needs.

a Author. Whenever the author could confidently be identified, the Agency has chosen to show a personal author. When no individual was identified, the Agency has shown an identifiable laboratory or testing facility as the author. When no author or laboratory could be identified, the Agency has shown the first submitter as the author.

b. Document date. The date of the study is taken directly from the document. When the date is followed by a question mark, the bibliographer has deduced the date from the evidence contained in the 52 document. When the date appears as ( 19??), the Agency was unable to determine or estimate the date of the document.

c. Title. In some cases, it has been necessary for the Agency bibliographers to create or enhance a document title. Any such editorial insertions are contained between square brackets.

d. Trailing parentheses. For studies submitted to the Agency in the past, the trailing parentheses include ( in addition to any self explanatory text) the following elements describing the earliest known submission:

( 1) Submission date. The date of the earliest known submission appears immediately following the word " received."

( 2) Administrative number. The next element immediately following the word " under" is the registration number, experimental use permit number, petition number, or other administrative number associated with the earliest known submission.

( 3) Submitter. The third element is the submitter. When authorship is defaulted to the submitter, this element is omitted.

( 4) Volume Identification ( Accession Numbers). The final element in the trailing parentheses identifies the EPA accession number of the volume in which the original submission of the study appears. The six digit accession number follows the symbol " CDL," which stands for " Company Data Library." This accession number is in turn followed by an alphabetic suffix which shows the relative position of the study within the volume.

Chemistry Bibliography 40798101 Feiler, W. ( 1988) DDVP: Product Identity and Composition. Unpublished compilation prepared by Amvac Chemical Corp. 25 p.

40798102 Feiler, W. ( 1988) DDVP: Analysis and Certification of Product Ingredients. Unpublished compilation prepared by Amvac Chemical Corp. 13 p.

40798103 Feiler, W. ( 1988) DDVP: Physical and Chemical Characteristics. Unpublished study prepared by Amvac Chemical Corp. 3 p.

41232401 Feiler, W. ( 1988) Supplement to: Stability of Technical Grade DDVP. Unpublished study prepared by Amvac Chemical Corp. 4 p.

43890401 Marsh, J. ( 1996) DDVP Stability: Lab Project Number: 4506 95 0071 AS 001: 4506 95 0071 AS 000: 4506 95 0071 AS. Unpublished study prepared by Ricerca, Inc. 48 p.

Ecological Effects Bibliography 53 00022923 Hill, E. F.; Heath, R. G.; Spann, J. W.; et al. ( 1975) Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Pollutants to Birds: Special Scientific Report Wildlife No. 191. ( U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center; unpublished report)

00036935 Atkins, E. L.; Greywood, E. A.; Macdonald, R. L. ( 1975) Toxicity of Pesticides and Other Agricultural Chemicals to Honey Bees: Labo ratory Studies. By University of California, Dept. of Entomology. UC, Cooperative Extension. ( Leaflet 2287; published study.)

00160000 40094602 Johnson, W.; Finley, M. ( 1980) Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates: Resource Publi cation 137. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D. C. 106 p.

40098001 Mayer, F.; Ellersieck, M. ( 1986) Manual of Acute Toxicity: Interpretation and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. US Fish & Wildlife Service, Resource Publication 160. 579 p.

40818301 Grimes, J.; Jaber, M. ( 1988) DDVP: An Acute Oral Toxicity Study with the Bobwhite: Final Report: Project No. 246 102. Unpub lished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 21 p.

43284701 Jones, F. ( 1994) DDVP 4 E Emulsifiable Concentrate: Acute Toxicity to Bluegill ( Lepomis machrochirus) under Flow Through Test Conditions: Lab Project Number: J9403007D. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 49 p.

43284702 Jones, F. ( 1994) DDVP 4 E Emulsifiable Concentrate: Acute Toxicity to Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) ( sic) under Flow Through Test Conditions: Lab Project Number: J9403007E. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 49 p.

43571403 Jones, F.; Davis, J. ( 1994) DDVP Technical Grade: Acute Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow ( Cyprinodon variegatus) Under Flow through Test Conditions: Lab Project Numbers: J9403007F: J9403007B. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 59 p.

43571404 Jones, F.; Davis, J. ( 1995) DDVP Technical Grade: Acute Effect on New Shell Growth of the Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea virginica): Lab Project Numbers: J9403007H: J9403007B. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 63 p.

43571405 Jones, F.; Davis, J. ( 1994) DDVP Technical Grade: Acute Toxicity to the Mysid ( Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow through Test Conditions: Lab Project Numbers: J9403007G: J9403007B. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 61 p.

43571406 Jones, F.; Davis, J. ( 1994) DDVP 4 E Emulsifiable Concentrate: Acute 54 Toxicity to Sheepshead Minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus, Under Flowthrough Test Conditions: Lab Project Numbers: J9403003I: J9403007B. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 60 p.

43571407 Jones, F.; Davis, J. ( 1994) DDVP 4 E Emulsifiable Concentrate: Acute Effect on New Shell Growth of the Eastern Oyster ( Crassostrea virginica): Lab Project Numbers: J9403007K: J9403007C. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 58 p.

43571408 Jones, F.; Davis, J. ( 1994) DDVP 4 E Emulsifiable Concentrate: Acute Toxicity to the Mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, Under Flow through Test Conditions: Lab Project Numbers: J9403007J: J9403007B. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 60 p.

43788001 Davis, J. ( 1995) DDVP Technical Grade: Toxicity to Embryos and Larvae of the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Under Flow Through Conditions: Lab Project Number: J9403007M. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 77 p.

43854301 Ward, S.; Davis, J. ( 1995) DDVP Technical Grade: Chronic Toxicity to the Mysid ( Mysidopsis bahia) Under Flow Through Conditions: Lab Project Number: J9407006A. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 90 p.

43890301 Ward, G.; Davis, J. ( 1995) DDVP Technical Grade: Chronic Life Cycle Toxicity to the Water Flea, Daphnia magna, Under Flow Through Test Conditions: Lab Project Number: J94030071: J9403007N. Unpublished study prepared by Toxikon Environmental Sciences. 74 p.

43981701 Cameron, D. ( 1996) DDVP: Bobwhite Quail Dietary Reproduction and Tolerance Studies: Lab Project Number: AVC 2: AVC 2/ 960139. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 324 p.

44233401 Redgrave, V. ( 1997) Mallard Duck Dietary Reproduction and Tolerance Studies: DDVP: Lab Project Number: AVC 7/ 961821: AVC 7. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Life Sciences Ltd. 243 p.

Toxicology Bibliography 00005467 Gaines, T. B. ( 1960) The acute toxicity of pesticides to rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2( 1): 88 99. ( Also in unpublished submission received Feb 14, 1961 under PP0299; submitted by Chemagro Corp., Kansas City, Mo.; CDL: 090320 Q)

00057695 Blair, D.; Dix, K. M.; Hunt, P. F.; et al. ( 1974) Two Year Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Dichlorvos Vapour: Group Research Report TLGR. 00 .74. ( Unpublished study, including letters dated Aug 6, 1974 from E. L. Hobson to L. Axelrod and Aug 8, 1974 from E. L. Hobson to John B. Ritch, received Oct 2, 1974 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by Shell, Ltd. in cooperation 55 with Sitting bourne Research Centre, submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D. C.; CDL: 120611 A)

137239 MacDonald, R.; Thorpe, E.; Hendy, R.; et al. ( 1982) Toxicology of Consumer Products: The Acute ( 4 H) Inhalation Toxicology of Dichlorvos Vapour in Rats and Mice: External Report SBER. 82.008. ( Unpublished study received Jan 24, 1984 under 201 125; prepared by Shell Research Ltd., Eng., submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC; CDL: 252309 A)

00146920 Mallory, V. ( 1984) Primary Dermal Irritation Study in Rabbits: 83/ EPA: VCR Insecticide: Summary: PH 420 BL 004 84. Unpublished study prepared by Pharmakon Research International, Inc. 2 p.

00146921 Mallory, V. ( 1984) Primary Eye Irritation Test EPA/ 82: VCR Insecticide: Summary: PH 421 BL 005 84. Unpublished study prepared by Pharmakon Research International, Inc. 2 p.

00632569 40299401 Chan, P. ( 1987) NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dichlorvos ( CAS No. 62 73 7) in F344/ N Rats and B63F1 Mice: ( Gavage Studies): NTP TR 342. Draft Technical Report of July, 1987 prepared for public review and comment. US Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Publication No. NIH 88 2598. 239 p.

41004701 Kleeman, J. ( 1988) 13 Week Gavage Toxicity Study with DDVP in Rats: Final Report: Project ID: HLA 6274 102. Unpublished study pre pared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 294 p.

41004702 Beavers, J.; Driscoll, C.; Dukes, V.; et al. ( 1988) DDVP: An Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity Study in Chickens: Final Report: Project No. 246 103. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 86 p.

41228701 Cheng, T. ( 1989) Metabolism of ( Carbon 14) DDVP in Rats: Project ID HLA 6274 105. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 322 p.

41435201 Jeffcoat, A. ( 1990) Dermal Absorption of Dichlorvos in Rats: Lab Project Number: 4615. Unpublished study prepared by Research Triangle Institute. 196 p.

41593101 Markiewicz, V. ( 1990) A 52 Week Chronic Toxicity Study on DDVP in Dogs: Lab Project Number: 2534/ 102. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 431 p.

41802401 Tyl, R.; Marr, M.; Myers, C. ( 1991) Development Toxicity Evaluation of DDVP Administered by Gavage to New Zealand White Rabbits: Lab Project Number: 60C 4629 30/ 40. Unpublished study prepared by Research Triangle Institute. 247 p. 56 41839901 Cheng, T. ( 1991) Supplement to: Metabolism of carbon 14 DDVP in Rats ( Preliminary and Definitive Phases) (...): Lab Project Number: HLA 6274 105 1. Unpublished study prepared by Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc. 89 p.

41951501 Tyl, R.; Marr, M.; Myers, C. ( 1991) Developmental Toxicity Evaluation of DDVP Administered by Gavage to CD ( Sprague Dawley) Rats: Lab Project Number: 60C 4629 10/ 20. Unpublished study prepared by Research Triangle Inst. 305 p.

42483901 Tyl, R.; Myers, C.; Marr, M. ( 1992) Two Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of DDVP Administered in Drinking Water to CD ( Sprague Dawley) Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number 60C 4629 170. Unpublished study prepared by Research Triangle Institute. 1225 p.

42655301 Lamb, I. ( 1993) An Acute Neurotoxicity Study of Dichlorvos in Rats: Final Report ( Text and Summary Data): Lab Project Number: WIL 188003. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs., Inc. 984 p.

42958101 Lamb, I. ( 1993) A Subchronic ( 13 Week) Neurotoxicity Study of Dichlorvos in Rats: Final Report: Lab Project Number: WIL 188004. Unpublished study prepared by WIL Research Labs, Inc. 1199 p.

43433501 Redgrave, V. ( 1994) DDVP: 28 Day Neurotoxicity in the Domestic Hen: Lab Project Number: AVC 1/ 921405: RAD 2/ 942053. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre, Ltd. 465 p.

44248801 Gledhill, A. ( 1997) Dichlorvos: A Single Blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomised Study to Investigate the Effects of Multiple Oral Dosing on Erythrocyte Cholinesterase Inhibition in Healthy Male Volunteers: Lab Project Number: CTL/ P/ 5392: XH6063. Unpublished study prepared by Zeneca Central Toxicology Lab. 52 p.

44416201 Gledhill, A. ( 1997) Dichlorvos: A Study to Investigate Erythrocyte Cholinestrase Inhibition Following Oral Administration to Healthy Male Volunteers: Lab Project Number: XH5170: Y09341: C05743. Unpublished study prepared by Zeneca Central Toxicology Lab. 104 p.

45805701 Twomey, K. ( 2002) Dichlorvos ( DDVP): Acute Cholinesterase Inhibition Study in Rats ( 1st Study): Summary Report: Lab Project Number: CO1001: Y09341/ 004: AR7079. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Laboratory. 24 p.

45805702 Twomey, K. ( 2002) Dichlorvos ( DDVP): Second Acute Cholinesterase Inhibition Study in Rats: Lab Project Number: CTL/ AR7126/ REGULATORY/ REPORT: AR7126: CTL/ AR7126/ REG/ REPT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Laboratory. 67 p. 57 45805703 Twomey, K. ( 2002) Dichlorvos ( DDVP): Third Acute Cholinesterase Inhibition Study in Rats: Lab Project Number: CTL/ AR38/ REGULATORY/ REPORT: AR7 138: CTL/ AR7138/ REG/ REPT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Laboratory. 136 p.

45842301 Moxon, M. ( 2002) Dichlorvos: Acute Cholinesterase Inhibition Study in Pre Weaning Rats: Lab Project Number: CTL/ AR7147/ REGULATORY/ REPORT: AR7147: CTL/ AR7147/ REG/ REPT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Laboratory. 49 p.

46153301 Milburn, G. ( 2003) Dichlorovos: Preliminary Developmental Neurotoxicity Study in Rats. Project Number: CTL/ RR0885/ REGULATORY/ REPORT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Lab. ( Syngenta). 290 p.

46153302 Milburn, G. ( 2003) Dichlorvos: Developmental Neurotoxicity Study in Rats. Project Number: 86/ REGULATORY/ REPORT, RR0886, CTL/ RR0886/ REG/ REPT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Lab. ( Syngenta). 2328 p.

46153303 Milburn, G. ( 2003) Dichlorvos: Time Course of Cholinesterase Inhibition in Pre Weaning and Adult Rats. Project Number: CTL/ AR7310/ REGULATORY/ REPORT, AR7310, CTL/ AR7310/ REG/ REPT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Lab. ( Syngenta). 176 p.

46239801 Milburn, G. ( 2004) Dichlorvos: Supplemental Developmental Neurotoxicity Study in Rats. Project Number: RR0988, CTL/ RR0988/ REG/ REPT, CTL/ RR0988/ REGULATORY/ REPORT. Unpublished study prepared by Central Toxicology Lab. 1341 p.

Environmental Fate Bibliography 40034904 Pack, D. ( 1986) Freundlich Adsorption Isotherms of Dichloracetic Acid: Laboratory Project Identificaton: 8614820. Unpublished study prepared by Chevron Chemical Co. 15 p.

41354105 Pack, D. ( 1987) Supplement to " Estimation of Soil Adsorption Coefficient of NALED from TLC Data": Lab Project Number: MEF0051/ 8716396A. Unpublished study prepared by Chevron Chemical Co. 4 p.

41723101 Vithala, R. ( 1990) DDVP Hydrolysis of C 14 DDVP in Aqueous Solutions Buffered at pH 5, 7, and 9: Lab Project Number: 006/ 006/ 001/ 89. Unpublished study prepared by Univ. of Pittsburgh, Center for Hazardous Materials Research. 141 p.

41723102 Vithala, R. ( 1990) DDVP Aerobic Soil Metabolism of C 14 DDVP: Lab Project Number: 006/ 006/ 004/ 89. Unpublished study prepared by Univ. of Pittsburgh, Center for Hazardous Materials Research. 7 p. 58 41723103 Vithala, R. ( 1990) DDVP Mobility of Unaged DDVP Using Batch Equilibrium Technique: Lab Project Number: 006/ 006/ 008/ 89. Unpublished study prepared by Univ. of Pittsburgh, Center for Hazardous Materials Research. 70 p.

43326601 Mobley, S. ( 1994) Aqueous Photolysis of ( carbon 14) DDVP ( Dichlorvos) in Artificial Light: Lab Project Number: 838: 1611. Unpublished study prepared by PTRL East, Inc. 95 p.

43642501 Misra, B. ( 1995) Photodegradation of ( Carbon 14) DDVP ( Dichlorvos) on Sandy Loam Soil Under Artificial Sunlight Irradiation: Final Report: Lab Project Number: ME 9400184. Unpublished study prepared by Pittsburgh Environmental Research Lab, Inc. 79 p.

43835701 Mobley, S. ( 1995) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of ( carbon 14) DDVP ( Dichlorvos): Lab Project Number: 882: 1847. Unpublished study prepared by PTRL East, Inc. 82 p.

44297701 Leppert, B. ( 1997) Dichlorvos: Terrestrial Dissipation of DDVP 2 E on Bareground Plot in California...: Final Report: Lab Project Number: 6293 150: SARS 96 CA 72: SARS 96 72. Unpublished study prepared by Stewart Agricultural Research Services, Inc. and Covance Lab., Inc. 404 p.

44386701 Leppert, B. ( 1997) Dichlorvos: Terrestrial Field Dissipation of DDVP 2 E on Bareground Plot in Missouri: Revised Final Report: Lab Project Number: SARS 96 MO 71: CHW 6293 147: SARS 96 71. Unpublished study prepared by Stewart Agricultural Research, Inc. and Corning Hazleton, Inc. 445 p.

Residue Chemistry Bibliography 00013545 Arthur, B. W.; Casida, J. E. ( 1957) Metabolism and selectivity of O, ODimethyl 2,2,2 trichloro 1 hydroxyethyl phosphonate and its acetyl and vinyl derivatives. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 5( 3): 186 191. ( Also In unpublished submission received Apr 16, 1965 under 5H1748; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D. C.; CDL: 22161 C)

00013546 Casida, J. E.; McBride, L.; Niedermeier, R. P. ( 1962) Metabolism of 2,2 Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate in relation to residues in milk and mammalian tissues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 10( 5): 370 377. ( Also In unpublished submission received Apr 16, 1965 under 5H1748; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D. C.; CDL: 221616 D)

00033139 Shell Chemical Company ( 1961) ? Residue Data for Vapona on Lettuce: RES 60 6. ( Unpublished study received May 26, 1964 under 201 125; CDL: 000814 A)

00033144 Shell Chemical Company ( 1963) Determination of Vapona^( R) I Insecti cide & Dichloroacetaldehyde Residues in Cucumbers, Lettuce, Mushrooms, 59 Spinach & Tomatoes following Application of Vapona Insecticide: RES 63 116. ( Unpublished study received May 26, 1964 under 201 125; CDL: 000814 F)

00042702 Shell Development Company ( 1964) Determination of Vapona( R) I Insecticide in Crops and Animal Products: Enzyme Inhibition Spectrophotometric Method. Method dated Jun 18, 1964. ( Unpublished study received Jun 18, 1964 under unknown admin. no.; CDL: 108831 A)

00042704 Citation: Shell Development Company ( 1964) Determination of Dichloroacetaldehyde Residues in Crops & Animal Tissue: GLC Electron Capture Method. Method MMS 50/ 64 dated Jun 19, 1964. ( Unpublished study received Jun 19, 1964 under unknown admin. no.; CDL: 108828 A)

00042706 Kiigemagi, U.; Terriere, L. C. ( 1964) A Tentative Method for the Determination of DDVP ( Vapona): Residues in Certain Vegetables. Method dated Jun 24, 1964. ( Unpublished study received Jun 24, 1964 under unknown admin. no.; prepared by Oregon State Univ., Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, submitted by ?; CDL: 108825 A)

00047472 Laboratoire de Recherche et D'Applications ( 1969) Residues in Unwrapped Foodstuffs Purchased from Shops. ( Unpublished study received May 1, 1970 under 0H2477; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D. C.; CDL: 221670 B)

00049086 Shell Chemical Company ( 1971) Determination of Vapona( R) I Insecticide in Agricultural Products. Analytical method PMS G 913/ 69 dated Jul 1, 1969. ( Unpublished study received on unknown date under 201 341; CDL: 222759 B)

00049087 Shell Development Company ( 1969) Residue Determination of Dichlorvos Analogs in Animal Feed, Blood, Body Tissue and Excrement, with Specific Reference to Dichlorvos and Its Methyl, Octyl and Dioctyl Analogs. Analytical method MMS R 201 dated Aug 1969. ( Unpublished study received on unknown date under 201 341; CDL: 222759 C)

00049971 U. S. Department of Agriculture ( 1962) Determination of DDVP Residues on Various Commodities by the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ( Colorimetric) Method. Method Pr 5e 62 dated Mar 1, 1962. ( Agricultural Marketing Service, Stored Product Insects Laboratory, unpublished study; CDL: 221633 H)

00049975 Shell Chemical Company ( 1966) Determination of Dichloroacetaldehyde Residues in Crops & Animal Tissue, GLC Electron Capture Method. Analytical method PMS G 900/ 66 dated Oct 6, 1966. ( Unpublished study received Apr 4, 1967 under 7H2166; CDL: 221633 L)