[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 133 (Thursday, July 11, 2019)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 33008]
[FR Doc No: C1-2018-27903]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 81

[EPA-R05-OAR-2018-0368; EPA-R05-OAR-2018-0556; FRL-9988-38-Region 5]

Air Plan Approval; Illinois; Indiana; Revised Designation of
Illinois and Indiana 2012 PM2.5 Unclassifiable Areas

Correction

    In rule document 2018-27903, appearing on pages 66631-66635, in the
issue of Thursday, December 27, 2018, make the following correction:

Sec.  81.315  Indiana. [Corrected]

0
On page 66634, in the table titled ``Indiana--2012 Annual
PM2.5 NAAQS [Primary]'', in the second column titled ``Date
\2\'', the dates that read ``1/28/2018'', should read 01/28/2019''.

[FR Doc. C1-2018-27903 Filed 7-10-19; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 1301-00-D


[Federal Register Volume 75, Number 78 (Friday, April 23, 2010)]
[Notices]
[Pages 21372-21373]
[FR Doc No: 2010-9400]

=======================================================================
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Investment Company Act Release No. 29209; File No. 812-13718]

Calvert Social Investment Fund, et al.; Notice of Application

April 19, 2010.
AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission'').

ACTION: Notice of an application under section 6(c) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940 (``Act'') for an exemption from rule 12d1-2(a)
under the Act.

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Summary of Application: Applicants request an order to permit funds of
funds relying on rule 12d1-2 under the Act to invest in certain
financial instruments.

Applicants: Calvert Social Investment Fund (the ``Trust''), Calvert
Asset Management Company, Inc. (``CAMCO'') and Calvert Distributors,
Inc. (``CDI'').

Filing Dates: The application was filed on November 17, 2009, and
amended on March 23, 2010.

Hearing or Notification of Hearing: An order granting the application
will be issued unless the Commission orders a hearing. Interested
persons may request a hearing by writing to the Commission's Secretary
and serving applicants with a copy of the request, personally or by
mail. Hearing requests should be received by the Commission by 5:30
p.m. on May 14, 2010 and should be accompanied by proof of service on
applicants, in the form of an affidavit or, for lawyers, a certificate
of service. Hearing requests should state the nature of the writer's
interest, the reason for the request, and the issues contested. Persons
who wish to be notified of a hearing may request notification by
writing to the Commission's Secretary.

ADDRESSES: Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street,
NE., Washington, DC 20549-1090; Applicants: 4550 Montgomery Avenue,
Suite 1000N, Bethesda, Maryland 20814.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lewis B. Reich, Senior Counsel, at
(202) 551-6919, or Jennifer L. Sawin, Branch Chief, at<PHONE_NUMBER>
(Division of Investment Management, Office of Investment Company
Regulation).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The following is a summary of the
application. The complete application may be obtained via the
Commission's Web site by searching for the file number, or an applicant
using the Company name box, at http://www.sec.gov/search/search.htm or
by calling<PHONE_NUMBER>.

Applicants' Representations

    1. The Trust is organized as a Massachusetts business trust, and is
registered with the Commission as an open-end management investment
company. The existing Applicant Funds (as defined below) are series of
the Trust that operate as funds of funds. CAMCO, a Delaware
corporation, is a subsidiary of Calvert Group, Ltd. that serves as
investment adviser to the existing Applicant Funds and the Underlying
Funds (as defined below) in which those Applicant Funds invest. CAMCO
is, and any other Adviser (as defined below) will be, registered as an
investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as
amended. CDI, a Delaware corporation, is a subsidiary of Calvert Group,
Ltd. and a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended (``Exchange Act''), that serves as distributor for
the existing Applicant Funds and the Underlying Funds.
    2. Applicants request the exemption to the extent necessary to
permit any existing or future registered open-end management company or
series thereof that (i) Is advised by CAMCO or any investment adviser
controlling, controlled by or under common control with CAMCO
(collectively with CAMCO, ``Advisers''); (ii) is part of the same
``group of investment companies'' as defined in section 12(d)(1)(G) of
the Act, as the Trust; (iii) invests in shares of other registered
open-end investment companies (``Underlying Funds'') in reliance on
section 12(d)(1)(G) of the Act; and (iv) is also eligible to invest in
securities (as defined in section 2(a)(36) of the Act) in reliance on
rule 12d1-2 under the Act (each an ``Applicant Fund'') to also invest,
to the extent consistent with its investment objective, policies,
strategies and limitations, in financial instruments that may not be
securities within the meaning of section 2(a)(36) of the Act (``Other
Investments'').\1\ Applicants also request that the order exempt any
entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with CAMCO or
CDI that now or in the future acts as principal underwriter with
respect to the transactions described in the application.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Every existing entity that currently intends to rely on the
requested order is named as an applicant. Any existing or future
entity that relies on the order in the future will do so only in
accordance with the terms and condition in the application.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. Consistent with its fiduciary obligations under the Act, each
Applicant Fund's board of trustees or directors will review the
advisory fees charged by the Applicant Fund's Adviser to ensure that
they are based on services provided that are in addition to, rather
than duplicative of, services provided pursuant to the advisory
agreement of any investment company in which that Applicant Fund may
invest.

Applicants' Legal Analysis

    1. Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the Act provides that no registered
investment company may acquire securities of another investment company
if such securities represent more than 3% of the acquired company's
outstanding voting stock or more than 5% of the acquiring company's
total assets, or if such securities, together with the securities of
other investment companies, represent more than 10% of the acquiring
company's total assets. Section 12(d)(1)(B) of the Act provides that no
registered open-end investment company may sell its securities to
another investment company if the sale will cause the acquiring company
to own more than 3% of the acquired company's voting stock, or cause
more than 10% of the acquired company's voting stock to be owned by
investment companies and companies controlled by them.
    2. Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the Act provides that section 12(d)(1)
will not apply to securities of an acquired company purchased by an
acquiring company if: (i) The acquired company and acquiring company
are part of the same group of investment companies; (ii) the acquiring
company holds only securities of acquired companies that are part of
the same group of investment companies, government securities, and
short-term paper; (iii) the aggregate sales loads and distribution-
related fees of the acquiring company and the acquired company are not
excessive under rules adopted pursuant to section 22(b) or section
22(c) of the Act by a securities association registered under section
15A of the Exchange Act or by the Commission; and (iv) the acquired
company has a policy that prohibits it from acquiring securities of
registered open-end investment companies or registered unit investment
trusts in reliance on section 12(d)(1)(F) or (G) of the Act.
    3. Rule 12d1-2 under the Act permits a registered open-end
investment company or a registered unit investment trust that relies on
section 12(d)(1)(G) of the Act to acquire, in addition to securities
issued by another registered investment company in the same group of
investment companies, government securities, and short-term paper: (1)
Securities issued by an investment company that is not in the same
group of investment companies, when the acquisition is in reliance on
section 12(d)(1)(A) or 12(d)(1)(F) of the Act; (2) securities (other
than securities issued by an investment company); and (3) securities
issued by a money market fund, when the investment is in reliance on
rule 12d1-1 under the Act. For the purposes of rule 12d1-2,
``securities'' means any security as defined in section 2(a)(36) of the
Act.
    4. Section 6(c) of the Act provides that the Commission may exempt
any person, security, or transaction from any provision of the Act, or
from any rule under the Act, if such exemption is necessary or
appropriate in the public interest and consistent with the protection
of investors and the purposes fairly intended by the policies and
provisions of the Act.
    5. Applicants state that the proposed arrangement would comply with
the provisions of rule 12d1-2 under the Act, but for the fact that the
Applicant Funds may invest a portion of their assets in Other
Investments. Applicants request an order under section 6(c) of the Act
for an exemption from rule 12d1-2(a) to allow the Applicant Funds to
invest in Other Investments while investing in Underlying Funds.
Applicants assert that permitting the Applicant Funds to invest in
Other Investments as described in the application would not raise any
of the concerns that the requirements of section 12(d)(1) were designed
to address.

Applicants' Condition

    Applicants agree that any order granting the requested relief will
be subject to the following condition:
    Applicants will comply with all provisions of rule 12d1-2 under the
Act, except for paragraph (a)(2) to the extent that it restricts any
Applicant Fund from investing in Other Investments as described in the
application.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Investment Management,
under delegated authority.
Elizabeth M. Murphy,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2010-9400 Filed 4-22-10; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 76 (Thursday, April 22, 2021)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 21240-21243]
[FR Doc No: 2021-08179]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 39

[Docket No. FAA-2021-0314; Project Identifier MCAI-2020-00599-R]
RIN 2120-AA64

Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Helicopters

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

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SUMMARY: The FAA proposes to adopt a new airworthiness directive (AD)
for certain Airbus Helicopters Model EC155B1 helicopters. This proposed
AD was prompted by a report of difficulties when jettisoning the co-
pilot door during non-scheduled maintenance. This proposed AD would
require a functional check of the pilot and co-pilot door jettisoning
system and corrective actions if necessary, as specified in a European
Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD, which is proposed for incorporation
by reference (IBR). The FAA is proposing this AD to address the unsafe
condition on these products.

DATES: The FAA must receive comments on this proposed AD by May 24,
2021.

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, using the procedures found in 14 CFR
11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
     Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>.
     Mail: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket
Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail address above between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    For material that is proposed for IBR in this AD, contact the EASA,
Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany; telephone +49 221 8999
000; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>internet www.easa.europa.eu. You may
find this material on the EASA website at https://ad.easa.europa.eu.
You may view this material at the FAA, Office of the Regional Counsel,
Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room 6N-321, Fort Worth, TX
76177. For information on the availability of this material at the FAA,
call<PHONE_NUMBER>. It is also available in the AD docket on the
internet at https://www.regulations.gov

by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2021-0314.

Examining the AD Docket

    You may examine the AD docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2021-
0314; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains
this NPRM, any comments received, and other information. The street
address for Docket Operations is listed above. Comments will be
available in the AD docket shortly after receipt.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kathleen Arrigotti, Program Manager,
Large Aircraft Section, International Validation Branch, Compliance &
Airworthiness Division, FAA, 2200 South 216th St., Des Moines, WA
98198; telephone and fax<PHONE_NUMBER>; email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Comments Invited

    The FAA invites you to send any written relevant data, views, or
arguments about this proposal. Send your comments to an address listed
under ADDRESSES. Include ``Docket No. FAA-2021-0314; Project Identifier
MCAI-2020-00599-R'' at the beginning of your comments. The most helpful
comments reference a specific portion of the proposal, explain the
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data. The FAA
will consider all comments received by the closing date and may amend
this proposal because of those comments.
    Except for Confidential Business Information (CBI) as described in
the following paragraph, and other information as described in 14 CFR
11.35, the FAA will post all comments received, without change, to
https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information you
provide. The agency will also post a report summarizing each
substantive verbal contact received about this proposal.

Confidential Business Information

    CBI is commercial or financial information that is both customarily
and actually treated as private by its owner. Under the Freedom of
Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552), CBI is exempt from public
disclosure. If your comments responsive to this NPRM contain commercial
or financial information that is customarily treated as private, that
you actually treat as private, and that is relevant or responsive to
this NPRM, it is important that you clearly designate the submitted
comments as CBI. Please mark each page of your submission containing
CBI as ``PROPIN.'' The FAA will treat such marked submissions as
confidential under the FOIA, and they will not be placed in the public
docket of this NPRM. Submissions containing CBI should be sent to
Kathleen Arrigotti, Program Manager, Large Aircraft Section,
International Validation Branch, Compliance & Airworthiness Division,
FAA, 2200 South 216th St., Des Moines, WA 98198; telephone and fax 206-
231-3218; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Any commentary that the FAA
receives that is not specifically designated as CBI will be placed in
the public docket for this rulemaking.

Discussion

    The EASA (now European Union Aviation Safety Agency), which is the
Technical Agent for the Member States of the European Union, has issued
EASA AD 2015-0157, dated July 30, 2015 (EASA AD 2015-0157) (also
referred to as the Mandatory Continuing Airworthiness Information, or
the MCAI), to correct an unsafe condition for Airbus Helicopters Model
EC 155 B1 helicopters, all serial numbers delivered after manufacturing
before June 30, 2015, and equipped with a pilot or co-pilot door
jettisoning system in accordance with Airbus Helicopters Modification
POST MOD 0752C05, except helicopters on which Aircraft Maintenance
Manual (AMM) Task 52-11-00-712 was accomplished on both pilot and co-
pilot doors since the last crew door installation.
    This proposed AD was prompted by a report of difficulties when
jettisoning the co-pilot door during non-scheduled maintenance. The FAA
is proposing this AD to address jamming of the affected door
jettisoning mechanism, which could reduce the ability of the flightcrew
to evacuate in the event of an emergency situation. See the MCAI for
additional background information.

Related IBR Material Under 1 CFR Part 51

    EASA AD 2015-0157 describes procedures for doing a functional check
of the pilot and co-pilot door jettisoning system and corrective
actions. The corrective actions include greasing the tenons and
restoring the jettison system. This material is reasonably available
because the interested parties have access to it through their normal
course of business or by the means identified in the ADDRESSES section.

FAA's Determination and Requirements of This Proposed AD

    This product has been approved by the aviation authority of another
country, and is approved for operation in the United States. Pursuant
to the bilateral agreement with the State of Design Authority, the FAA
has been notified of the unsafe condition described in the MCAI
referenced above. The FAA is proposing this AD after evaluating all the
relevant information and determining the unsafe condition described
previously is likely to exist or develop in other products of the same
type design.

Proposed AD Requirements

    This proposed AD would require accomplishing the actions specified
in EASA AD 2015-0157, described previously, as incorporated by
reference, except for any differences identified as exceptions in the
regulatory text of this proposed AD.

Explanation of Required Compliance Information

    In the FAA's ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of the AD
process, the FAA initially worked with Airbus and EASA to develop a
process to use certain EASA ADs as the primary source of information
for compliance with requirements for corresponding FAA ADs. The FAA has
since coordinated with other manufacturers and civil aviation
authorities (CAAs) to use this process. As a result, EASA AD 2015-0157
will be incorporated by reference in the FAA final rule. This proposed
AD would, therefore, require compliance with EASA AD 2015-0157 in its
entirety, through that incorporation, except for any differences
identified as exceptions in the regulatory text of this proposed AD.
Using common terms that are the same as the heading of a particular
section in the EASA AD does not mean that operators need comply only
with that section. For example, where the AD requirement refers to
``all required actions and compliance times,'' compliance with this AD
requirement is not limited to the section titled ``Required Action(s)
and Compliance Time(s)'' in the EASA AD. Service information specified
in EASA AD 2015-0157 that is required for compliance with EASA AD 2015-
0157 will be available on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov
by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2021-0314 after the FAA
final rule is published.

Costs of Compliance

    The FAA estimates that this proposed AD affects 14 helicopters of
U.S. registry. The FAA estimates the following costs to comply with
this proposed AD:

                                      Estimated Costs for Required Actions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Cost per       Cost on U.S.
                          Labor cost                              Parts cost        product         operators
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 work-hours x $85 per hour = $680...........................              $0             $680           $9,520
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The FAA estimates the following costs to do any necessary on-
condition action that would be required based on the results of any
required actions. The FAA has no way of determining the number of
helicopters that might need this on-condition action:

                 Estimated Costs of On-Condition Actions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Cost per
              Labor cost                   Parts cost        product
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 work-hour x $85 per hour = $85......              $0              $85
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authority for This Rulemaking

    Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
    The FAA is issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General requirements.
Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight
of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing regulations for
practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary
for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within the scope of that
authority because it addresses an unsafe condition that is likely to
exist or develop on products identified in this rulemaking action.

Regulatory Findings

    The FAA determined that this proposed AD would not have federalism
implications under Executive Order 13132. This proposed AD would not
have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship
between the national Government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
    For the reasons discussed above, I certify this proposed
regulation:
    (1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
    (2) Would not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
    (3) Would not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39

    Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.

The Proposed Amendment

    Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part 39 as follows:

PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.

Sec.  39.13  [Amended]

0
2. The FAA amends Sec.  39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness
directive:

Airbus Helicopters: Docket No. FAA-2021-0314; Project Identifier
MCAI-2020-00599-R.

(a) Comments Due Date

    The FAA must receive comments by May 24, 2021.

(b) Affected Airworthiness Directives (ADs)

    None.

(c) Applicability

    This AD applies to Airbus Helicopters Model EC155B1 helicopters,
certificated in any category, all serial numbers manufactured before
June 30, 2015, and equipped with a pilot or co-pilot door
jettisoning system in accordance with Airbus Helicopters
modification POST MOD 0752C05, except helicopters on which Aircraft
Maintenance Manual (AMM) task 52-11-00-712 was accomplished on both
pilot and co-pilot doors since the last crew door installation.

(d) Subject

    Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC) Code 5210, Passenger/Crew
Doors.

(e) Reason

    This AD was prompted by a report of difficulties when
jettisoning the co-pilot door during non-scheduled maintenance. The
FAA is issuing this AD to address jamming of the affected door
jettisoning mechanism, which could reduce the ability of the
flightcrew to evacuate in the event of an emergency situation.

(f) Compliance

    Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.

(g) Requirements

    Except as specified in paragraph (h) of this AD: Comply with all
required actions and compliance times specified in, and in
accordance with European Aviation Safety Agency (now European Union
Aviation Safety Agency) (EASA) AD 2015-0157, dated July 30, 2015
(EASA AD 2015-0157).

(h) Exceptions to EASA AD 2015-0157

    (1) Where EASA AD 2015-0157 refers to its effective date, this
AD requires using the effective date of this AD.
    (2) The ``Remarks'' section of EASA AD 2015-0157 does not apply
to this AD.
    (3) Where EASA AD 2015-0157 refers to flight hours (FH), this AD
requires using hours time-in-service.
    (4) Where paragraph (2) of EASA AD 2015-0157 provides an option
to contact Airbus Helicopters for approved instructions and
accomplish those instructions, for this AD, the option is to repair
the jettison system in accordance with FAA-approved procedures.
    (5) Where the service information referenced in EASA AD 2015-
0157 specifies to ``speak to Airbus Helicopters,'' this AD requires
repairing the jettison system in accordance with FAA-approved
procedures.

    (6) Where the service information referenced in EASA AD 2015-
0157 specifies to discard certain parts, this AD requires removing
the parts from service instead.

(i) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)

    (1) The Manager, International Validation Branch, FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the
procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector or local Flight
Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending information
directly to the Manager of the International Validation Branch, send
it to: Manager, International Validation Branch, FAA, 10101 Hillwood
Pkwy., Fort Worth, TX 76177; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>    (2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office.

(j) Related Information

    (1) For EASA AD 2015-0157, contact the EASA, Konrad-Adenauer-
Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany; telephone +49 221 8999 000; email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>internet www.easa.europa.eu. You may find this
EASA AD on the EASA website at https://ad.easa.europa.eu. You may
view this material at the FAA, Office of the Regional Counsel,
Southwest Region, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Room 6N-321, Fort Worth, TX
76177. For information on the availability of this material at the
FAA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. This material may be found in the AD docket
on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and
locating Docket No. FAA-2021-0314.
    (2) For more information about this AD, contact Kathleen
Arrigotti, Program Manager, Large Aircraft Section, International
Validation Branch, Compliance & Airworthiness Division, FAA, 2200
South 216th St., Des Moines, WA 98198; telephone and fax 206-231-
3218; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
    Issued on April 14, 2021.
Gaetano A. Sciortino,
Deputy Director for Strategic Initiatives, Compliance & Airworthiness
Division, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2021-08179 Filed 4-21-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


                                     REPLY FORM

      1 .       Owner's Name                                                           2. Control No.

            THIS INFORMATION  REQUEST  IS AUTHORIZED BY LAW. WHILE YOU ARE NOT REQUIRED TO RESPOND, YOUR COOPERATION IS NEEDED TO MAKE THE RESULTS OF THIS INVESTIGATION VALID

      3.        Do you own/lease a                   vehicle with the vehicle identification number

(VIN)	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___	___?     _____yes      _____no
4.       If so, list the Make                                                      Model
5.        Current odometer reading                                      miles.
6.        Are you the original owner/lessee?         yes 	    _____no
7.        Is your  vehicle ______ automatic    ______ manual
   8. 	 Are you interested in participating in this program?
        	 yes	  _____ no 	             _______ need more information.

  9. 	May we contact you at your convenience:

        Home Phone: (_____) - _____________________	Best time to call:            a.m. ______p.m.
        Work Phone:  (_____) - _____________________	Best time to call:            a.m. ______p.m.
        Cell Phone:      (        ) - _____________________	 Best time to call: _______ a.m.             p.m.
           IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS, PLEASE CALL US TOLL FREE AT<PHONE_NUMBER>.

      WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO PARTICIPATE, PLEASE RETURN THIS FORM IN THE POSTAGE PAID ENVELOPE.

                                                                    OMB No.  2060-0086 Form No.  5900-306 Expires ###

                            Privacy Act Statement
Title 42, United States Code, Section 7451, Compliance by vehicles and engines in actual use, authorizes the collection of this information.  The primary use is to provide an instrument by which individuals may indicate interest in and eligibility for participating in EPA's Light-Duty In-Use Testing Program.  Additional disclosures of this information may be made pursuant to published routine uses, including to appropriate agencies for law enforcement purposes and to contractors working for EPA who have a need to know in the course of that work.
Providing the requested information is voluntary, but failing to do so will result in EPA's inability to approve your participation in the Light-Duty In-Use Testing Program.

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to vary from 1 to 60 minutes per response, with an average of 30 minutes per response, including time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.  Send comments regarding the burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection on information,  including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Chief, Information Policy Branch, PM-223, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M St., S.W. Washington, DC. 20460: and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office Of Management and Budget, Washington, DC. 20503.


[Federal Register Volume 84, Number 242 (Tuesday, December 17, 2019)]
[Notices]
[Pages 69007-69010]
[FR Doc No: 2019-27080]

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-87716; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2019-089]

Self-Regulatory Organizations; The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC;
Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Amend Rule 5815 To Preclude
Stay During Hearing Panel Review of Staff Delisting Determinations in
Certain Circumstances

December 11, 2019.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given that
on November 27, 2019, The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (``Nasdaq'' or the
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(``SEC'' or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in
Items I and II below, which Items have been prepared by the Exchange.
The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the
proposed rule change from interested persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to amend Exchange Rule 5815 regarding review
of Nasdaq Staff (``Staff'') Delisting Determinations by Hearings
Panels. The proposed change would preclude the stay of a Staff
Delisting Determination during the review period in three specified
circumstances outlined below.
    The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange's
website at http://nasdaq.cchwallstreet.com, at the principal office of
the Exchange, and at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in
Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in
sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such
statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    Nasdaq administers a series of rules that govern the initial and
continued listing qualifications required of companies listed on the
Exchange.\3\ Newly listing companies must demonstrate compliance with
all initial listing requirements before they are listed. Once listed,
Nasdaq staff (``Staff'') monitors each company to ensure

continued compliance with the Listing Rules. In the event that a
company fails to maintain compliance with the Listing Rules, Staff will
issue a notification informing the company of the deficiency. Where
allowed by Nasdaq's rules, Staff's notification may provide for a cure
or compliance period, allow the company to submit a plan of compliance
for Staff to review, or state the Staff's determination that the
company should be delisted from the Exchange (a ``Delisting
Determination'').\4\ In instances where the company is allowed a cure
or compliance period, Staff will send a Delisting Determination at the
end of the cure or compliance period if the company has not regained
compliance; in instances where the company is allowed to submit a plan
of compliance, Staff will send a Delisting Determination if Staff does
not accept the company's plan of compliance or if the company does not
timely complete its plan and regain compliance. The Delisting
Determination will inform the company of the factual basis for the
Staff's determination, provide instructions regarding obligations to
disclose the Delisting Determination to the public, and inform the
company of its right for review of the Delisting Determination by a
Hearings Panel.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ See Nasdaq Rules 5300, 5400, and 5500 Series, outlining
requirements for companies seeking to conduct an initial listing on
Nasdaq Global Select Market, Nasdaq Global Market and Nasdaq Capital
Market, respectively, as well as requirements for continued listing
once an initial listing has been completed.
    \4\ See Nasdaq Rule 5810, listing the categories of deficiency
notifications, information contained in deficiency notifications and
Delisting Determinations, company disclosure obligations upon being
informed of a deficiency or delisting, and types of deficiencies and
notifications.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Nasdaq Rule 5815(a) allows a company to request a written or oral
hearing before a Hearings Panel to review a Delisting Determination,
public reprimand letter or denial of a listing application. Under the
existing rules, this request for a hearing generally will stay the
suspension and delisting action pending the issuance of a written
decision from the Hearings Panel.\5\
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    \5\ See Nasdaq Rule 5815(a)(1). In the case of a Delisting
Determination related to the requirements to timely file periodic
reports with the Commission, the delisting action is only stayed for
15 calendar days unless the company specifically requests and the
Hearings Panel grants a further stay.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 5815 to remove the stay
provision in certain situations so that a company's securities will be
suspended from trading on Nasdaq during the pendency of the Hearings
Panel's review. Specifically, removal of the stay provision will apply
to companies that have received a Delisting Determination: In the case
of proposed 5815 (a)(1)(B)(ii)(a), following the completion of a
business combination with an operating company that fails to satisfy
the requirements of Nasdaq Rule IM-5101-2; in the case of proposed 5815
(a)(1)(B)(ii)(b), following a business combination with a non-Nasdaq
entity that results in a change of control under Rule 5110(a) where the
initial listing application has yet to be approved; and in the case of
proposed 5815 (a)(1)(B)(ii)(c), in connection with a company that has
declared bankruptcy or announced liquidation pursuant to rule 5110(b).
After considering the record in the matter, including an oral hearing
if elected by the company, the Hearings Panel can reinstate the company
and allow trading to continue on Nasdaq.\6\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ The proposed rule change would suspend the security from
trading under proposed Rule 5815(a)(1)(B)(ii), rather than halt
trading in the security pursuant to Nasdaq's authority under Rule
4120(a)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Companies Whose Business Plan Is To Complete One or More Acquisitions
and Business Combinations With non-Nasdaq Entities Resulting in a
Change of Control

    Under Listing Rule IM-5101-02, Nasdaq will permit the listing of a
company whose business plan is to complete an initial public offering
and engage in a merger or acquisition with one or more unidentified
companies within a specific period of time. Such a company is required
to keep the proceeds of its initial public offering in an escrow
account and, until the company has completed one or more business
combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of
the value of the escrow account, must meet the requirements for initial
listing following each business combination.\7\ Nasdaq Staff may, after
having reviewed such a company, determine that the combined company
does not meet the initial listing requirements and, in such a case,
will issue a Delisting Determination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ See Nasdaq Rule IM-5101-2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Similarly, a Nasdaq-listed company must apply for initial listing
on the Exchange in connection with a transaction whereby the company
combines with a non-Nasdaq entity, resulting in a change of control of
the company and potentially allowing the non-Nasdaq entity to obtain a
Nasdaq listing.\8\ If the company's application for initial listing has
not been approved prior to consummation of the transaction, Nasdaq will
issue a Delisting Determination.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ See Nasdaq Rule 5110(a).
    \9\ Nasdaq Staff provides written notice to a company if it
determines that a transaction, as then proposed, will result in a
change of control pursuant to Listing Rule 5110(a). In this
notification, Nasdaq Staff advises the company that the combined
entity will be required to submit an initial listing application and
listing agreement prior to consummating the transaction, satisfy all
initial inclusion criteria immediately upon consummation of the
transaction and pay all required fees. Upon receipt of this
notification, the company may appeal Staff's determination that
Listing Rule 5110(a) is applicable to the transaction. As such, a
company would only be subject to suspension under the proposed rule
if it does not contest the applicability of Rule 5110(a), or if the
Panel has already concluded that the rule is applicable, and if the
company does not satisfy the initial inclusion requirements upon
consummation of the transaction. See Nasdaq FAQ 413, available at
https://listingcenter.nasdaq.com/Material_Search.aspx?materials=413&mcd=LQ&criteria=2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In each case, under existing Nasdaq rules, if a company requests
review by a Hearings Panel, the Delisting Determination is stayed
during the pendency of such review and the company's shares will
continue to trade on the Exchange. The proposed rule change will modify
the rules so that suspension of the company's shares is not stayed in
connection with a Delisting Determination for the following reasons.
    For both categories of companies outlined above, the Exchange
believes immediate suspension is appropriate and necessary in order to
prevent a company from listing shares on the Exchange despite it having
never established compliance with the Exchange's initial listing
requirements. In each case, the company that must satisfy the initial
listing requirements is effectively a new business entity and, as a
result, is required by Nasdaq's rules to demonstrate compliance with
the Exchange's initial listing standards. To allow such companies to
trade on the Exchange without first demonstrating compliance with the
initial listing standards misleads the investing public by giving the
appearance that the company has met the standards imposed by Nasdaq.
Moreover, the company could then use the benefits of its Nasdaq listing
and trading to achieve compliance with the initial listing requirements
it does not satisfy.\10\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ In 2011, the Securities and Exchange Commission noted that
``. . . the listing standards provide the means for an exchange to
screen issuers that seek to become listed, and to provide listed
status only to those that are bona fide companies with sufficient
public float, investor base, and trading interest likely to generate
depth and liquidity sufficient to promote fair and orderly markets.
Meaningful listing standards also are important given investor
expectations regarding the nature of securities that have achieved
an exchange listing, and the role of an exchange in overseeing its
market and assuring compliance with its listing standards.''
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 65708 (November 8, 2011), 76 FR
70799 at 70802 (November 15, 2011) (approving SR-NASDAQ-2011-073).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Nasdaq believes that adopting this rule change will align the
process for listing a company following a business combination (with an
acquisition

company or following a business combination resulting in a change of
control) with the process for other companies that must meet the
initial listing requirements before they are allowed to list and trade
on Nasdaq.
Bankruptcy
    Under Nasdaq Rule 5110(b), Staff may use its discretionary
authority to delist a company's listing in the event it has filed for
protection under the federal bankruptcy laws, or comparable foreign
laws, or has announced that liquidation has been authorized by its
board of directors, even if the company's securities otherwise meet all
requirements for continued listing on the Exchange.\11\ The proposed
rule change will modify the rules so that suspension in trading in the
company's shares is not stayed when a company has requested an appeal
after received a Delisting Determination for these reasons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Nasdaq Rule 5110(b) also requires a company emerging from
bankruptcy protection to demonstrate compliance with the Exchange's
initial listing standards in order to be listed on the Exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Nasdaq believes that it is appropriate to eliminate the stay during
the pendency of the Hearings Panel's review where Nasdaq Staff has
determined to delist a company in bankruptcy proceedings. In these
cases, the company has acknowledged its serious financial straits and,
in Nasdaq's experience, there is generally no residual equity for the
current stockholders. Continued trading of the company's shares during
the duration of the Hearings Panel's review is inadvisable in light of
these facts and could create investor confusion about the company's
ability to satisfy Nasdaq's listing requirements.\12\ Instead, Nasdaq
believes it would better enhance investor protection if the company's
shares were suspended during the review process.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ Rule 5110(b) requires a company emerging from bankruptcy
protection to demonstrate compliance with the Exchange's initial
listing standards in order to continue to be listed on the Exchange.
Of 37 Delisting Determinations related to bankruptcy between 2016
and 2018, only one company remained listed and demonstrated
compliance with the initial listing requirements upon emerging from
bankruptcy.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes that its proposal is consistent with Section
6(b) of the Act,\13\ in general, and furthers the objectives of Section
6(b)(5) of the Act,\14\ in particular, in that it is designed to
promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove impediments
to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a national
market system, and, in general to protect investors and the public
interest, by preventing companies that have not demonstrated compliance
with the Exchange's initial listing standards, and companies that have
sought bankruptcy protection, from trading on the Exchange during the
pendency of the Hearings Panel's review of a Delisting Determination.
Nasdaq believes that allowing such companies to continue trading on the
Exchange is confusing to investors and raises investor protection
concerns.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \14\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the case of companies whose business plan is to complete one or
more acquisitions and companies that complete a business combinations
with a non-Nasdaq entity resulting in a change in control, allowing
continued trading on the Exchange would permit companies that are
effectively new entities to be listed without having completed the
standard vetting process conducted by the Exchange of all new listed
companies and demonstrating compliance with all initial listing
requirements. Likewise, due to the uncertainty of the outcome, and the
limited information provided during bankruptcy proceedings, continued
listing of a company's shares on the Exchange during such proceedings
exposes investors to increased risk. The proposed rule will protect
investors by preventing continued trading in such company's securities
until an independent Hearings Panel reviews the Delisting Determination
and determines that continued trading on Nasdaq is appropriate.
    The proposed rule change is also consistent with Section 6(b)(7) of
the Act in that it provides a fair procedure for the prohibition or
limitation by the Exchange of any person with respect to access to
services offered. Under the proposed rule change, companies whose
business plan is to complete one or more acquisitions or a business
combination with a non-Nasdaq entity resulting in a change of control
would be treated the same as any other company that is applying for
listing on The Nasdaq Stock Market. No company may trade on The Nasdaq
Stock Market until it demonstrates compliance with the listings
qualifications rules of the Exchange. This standard is applied to new
companies and companies that previously traded on the Exchange but have
now undergone a change in business status that requires demonstration
of compliance with the Exchange's listing rules.
    In the case of a company undergoing bankruptcy, the proposed rule
change is fair because the company's shares will be suspended only for
the duration of an independent Hearing Panel's consideration of the
company's appeal. The proposed rule would not immediately delist a
company's shares. A company subject to a Delisting Determination
pursuant to bankruptcy would be given an opportunity to present its
case to an impartial Hearings Panel. Once the Hearings Panel has issued
a written decision, the company's shares may then resume trading if the
Hearings Panel deems it appropriate. Fairness requirements do not
mandate continued trading, only the ability to have an impartial
Hearings Panel review the Staff's Delisting Determination. Limitations
on trading during the pendency of the Hearings Panel's review is
appropriate in light of the need to protect prospective investors.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will
impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in
furtherance of the purposes of the Act. The proposed rule would be
applied equally to all listed companies whose business plan is to
complete one or more acquisitions, that complete a business
combinations with a non-Nasdaq entity resulting in a change in control,
or that seek bankruptcy protection. In addition, the proposed rule
change will align the process for listing a new company following a
business combination with an acquisition company or following a
business combination resulting in a change of control with the process
for other newly listing companies, which must meet the initial listing
requirements prior to being listed.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    No written comments were either solicited or received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action

    Within 45 days of the date of publication of this notice in the
Federal Register or within such longer period up to 90 days (i) as the
Commission may designate if it finds such longer period to be
appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to
which the Exchange consents, the Commission shall: (a) By order approve
or disapprove such proposed rule change, or (b) institute proceedings
to determine

whether the proposed rule change should be disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please include
File Number SR-NASDAQ-2019-089 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2019-089. This
file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently,
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on
the Commission's internet website (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml).
Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in
the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC
20549 on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and
3:00 p.m. Copies of such filing also will be available for inspection
and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments
received will be posted without change. Persons submitting comments are
cautioned that we do not redact or edit personal identifying
information from comment submissions. You should submit only
information that you wish to make available publicly. All submissions
should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2019-089, and should be submitted
on or before January 7, 2020.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

J. Matthew DeLesDernier,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2019-27080 Filed 12-16-19; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 234 (Friday, December 4, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 78279-78282]
[FR Doc No: 2020-26684]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 39

[Docket No. FAA-2020-1106; Project Identifier MCAI-2020-01065-T]
RIN 2120-AA64

Airworthiness Directives; Airbus SAS Airplanes

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The FAA proposes to adopt a new airworthiness directive (AD)
for certain Airbus SAS Model A350-941 and A350-1041 airplanes. This
proposed AD was prompted by reports that suitable corrosion protection
treatment had not been applied to certain areas of the seat track. This
proposed AD would require a one-time detailed inspection of the seat
tracks between certain frames for suitable corrosion protection or
presence of corrosion, and on-condition actions if necessary, as
specified in a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD, which
will be incorporated by reference. The FAA is proposing this AD to
address the unsafe condition on these products.

DATES: The FAA must receive comments on this proposed AD by January 19,
2021.

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, using the procedures found in 14 CFR
11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
     Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>.
     Mail: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket
Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail address above between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    For material incorporated by reference (IBR) in this AD, contact
the EASA, Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany; telephone +49
221 8999 000; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>internet www.easa.europa.eu.
You may find this IBR material on the EASA website at https://ad.easa.europa.eu. You may view this IBR material at the FAA,
Airworthiness Products Section, Operational Safety Branch, 2200 South
216th St., Des Moines, WA. For information on the availability of this
material at the FAA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. It is also available in the AD
docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for
and locating Docket No. FAA-2020-1106.

Examining the AD Docket

    You may examine the AD docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2020-
1106; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains
this NPRM, any comments received, and other information. The street
address for Docket Operations is listed above. Comments will be
available in the AD docket shortly after receipt.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kathleen Arrigotti, Aerospace
Engineer, Large Aircraft Section, International Validation Branch, FAA,
2200 South 216th St., Des Moines, WA 98198; telephone and fax 206-231-
3218; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Comments Invited

    The FAA invites you to send any written relevant data, views, or
arguments about this proposal. Send your comments to an address listed
under the ADDRESSES section. Include ``Docket No. FAA-2020-1106;
Project Identifier MCAI-2020-01065-T'' at the beginning of your
comments. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion of the
proposal, explain the reason for any recommended change, and include
supporting data. The FAA will consider all comments received by the
closing date and may amend the proposal because of those comments.
    Except for Confidential Business Information (CBI) as described in
the following paragraph, and other information as described in 14 CFR
11.35, the FAA will post all comments received, without change, to
https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information you
provide. The agency will also post a report summarizing each
substantive verbal contact received about this proposed AD.

Confidential Business Information

    CBI is commercial or financial information that is both customarily
and actually treated as private by its owner. Under the Freedom of
Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552), CBI is exempt from public
disclosure. If your comments responsive to this NPRM contain commercial
or financial information that is customarily treated as private, that
you actually treat as private, and that is relevant or responsive to
this NPRM, it is important that you clearly designate the submitted
comments as CBI. Please mark each page of your submission containing
CBI as ``PROPIN.'' The FAA will treat such marked submissions as
confidential under the FOIA, and they will not be placed in the public
docket of this NPRM. Submissions containing CBI should be sent to
Kathleen Arrigotti, Aerospace Engineer, Large Aircraft Section,
International Validation Branch, FAA, 2200 South 216th St., Des Moines,
WA 98198; telephone and fax<PHONE_NUMBER>; email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Any commentary that the FAA receives which
is not specifically designated as CBI will be placed in the public
docket for this rulemaking.

Discussion

    The EASA, which is the Technical Agent for the Member States of the
European Union, has issued EASA AD 2020-0166, dated July 27, 2020 (EASA
AD 2020-0166) (also referred to as the Mandatory Continuing
Airworthiness Information, or the MCAI), to correct an unsafe condition
for certain Airbus SAS Model A350-941 and A350-1041 airplanes.
    This proposed AD was prompted by reports that suitable corrosion
protection treatment had not been applied to certain areas of the seat
track. The FAA is proposing this AD to address a potential structural
deficiency at certain seat track locations, providing insufficient
resistance to environmental damage. This condition, if not addressed,
could lead to seat or monument detachment during an emergency landing,
possibly resulting in injury to occupants and preventing safe
evacuation from the airplane. See the MCAI for additional background
information.

Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51

    EASA AD 2020-0166 describes procedures for a one-time detailed
inspection of the seat tracks between certain frames for suitable
corrosion protection or presence of corrosion, and on-condition actions
if necessary. On-condition actions include applying protection,
removing corrosion, measuring the dimensions of the seat rails, and
performing a splice repair.
    This material is reasonably available because the interested
parties have access to it through their normal course of business or by
the means identified in the ADDRESSES section.

FAA's Determination and Requirements of This Proposed AD

    This product has been approved by the aviation authority of another
country, and is approved for operation in the United States. Pursuant
to the FAA's bilateral agreement with the State of Design Authority,
the FAA has been notified of the unsafe condition described in the MCAI
and service information referenced above. The FAA is proposing this AD
because the FAA

evaluated all the relevant information and determined the unsafe
condition described previously is likely to exist or develop in other
products of the same type design.

Proposed AD Requirements

    This proposed AD would require accomplishing the actions specified
in EASA AD 2020-0166 described previously, as incorporated by
reference, except for any differences identified as exceptions in the
regulatory text of this AD.

Explanation of Required Compliance Information

    In the FAA's ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of the AD
process, the FAA initially worked with Airbus and EASA to develop a
process to use certain EASA ADs as the primary source of information
for compliance with requirements for corresponding FAA ADs. The FAA has
since coordinated with other manufacturers and civil aviation
authorities (CAAs) to use this process. As a result, EASA AD 2020-0166
will be incorporated by reference in the FAA final rule. This proposed
AD would, therefore, require compliance with EASA AD 2020-0166 in its
entirety, through that incorporation, except for any differences
identified as exceptions in the regulatory text of this proposed AD.
Using common terms that are the same as the heading of a particular
section in the EASA AD does not mean that operators need comply only
with that section. For example, where the AD requirement refers to
``all required actions and compliance times,'' compliance with this AD
requirement is not limited to the section titled ``Required Action(s)
and Compliance Time(s)'' in the EASA AD. Service information specified
in EASA AD 2020-0166 that is required for compliance with EASA AD 2020-
0166 will be available on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov
by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2020-1106 after the FAA
final rule is published.

Costs of Compliance

    The FAA estimates that this proposed AD affects 5 airplanes of U.S.
registry. The FAA estimates the following costs to comply with this
proposed AD:

                                      Estimated Costs for Required Actions
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Cost per       Cost on U.S.
                          Labor cost                              Parts cost        product         operators
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14 work-hours x $85 per hour = $1,190........................              $0           $1,190           $5,950
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The FAA estimates the following costs to do any necessary on-
condition actions that would be required based on the results of any
required actions. The FAA has no way of determining the number of
aircraft that might need these on-condition actions:

                 Estimated Costs of On-Condition Actions
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Cost per
              Labor cost                   Parts cost        product
------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 work-hours x $85 per hour = $510....              $0             $510
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    According to the manufacturer, some or all of the costs of this
proposed AD may be covered under warranty, thereby reducing the cost
impact on affected individuals. The FAA does not control warranty
coverage for affected individuals. As a result, the FAA has included
all known costs in the cost estimate.

Authority for This Rulemaking

    Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
    The FAA is issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General requirements.
Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with promoting safe flight
of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing regulations for
practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator finds necessary
for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within the scope of that
authority because it addresses an unsafe condition that is likely to
exist or develop on products identified in this rulemaking action.

Regulatory Findings

    The FAA determined that this proposed AD would not have federalism
implications under Executive Order 13132. This proposed AD would not
have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship
between the national Government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
    For the reasons discussed above, I certify this proposed
regulation:
    (1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
    (2) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
    (3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39

    Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.

The Proposed Amendment

    Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part 39 as follows:

PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.

Sec.  39.13  [Amended]

0
2. The FAA amends Sec.  39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness
directive (AD):

Airbus SAS: Docket No. FAA-2020-1106; Project Identifier MCAI-2020-
01065-T.

(a) Comments Due Date

    The FAA must receive comments by January 19, 2021.

(b) Affected ADs

    None.

(c) Applicability

    This AD applies to Airbus SAS Model A350-941 and A350-1041
airplanes, certificated in any category, as identified in European
Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD 2020-0166, dated July 27,
2020 (EASA AD 2020-0166).

(d) Subject

    Air Transport Association (ATA) of America Code 53, Fuselage.

(e) Reason

    This AD was prompted by reports that suitable corrosion
protection treatment had not been applied to certain areas of the
seat track. The FAA is issuing this AD to address a potential
structural deficiency at certain seat track locations, providing
insufficient resistance to environmental damage. This condition, if
not addressed, could lead to seat or monument detachment during an
emergency landing, possibly resulting in injury to occupants and
preventing safe evacuation from the airplane.

(f) Compliance

    Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.

(g) Requirements

    Except as specified in paragraph (h) of this AD: Comply with all
required actions and compliance times specified in, and in
accordance with, EASA AD 2020-0166.

(h) Exceptions to EASA AD 2020-0166

    (1) Where EASA AD 2020-0166 refers to its effective date, this
AD requires using the effective date of this AD.
    (2) The ``Remarks'' section of EASA AD 2020-0166 does not apply
to this AD.

(i) No Reporting Requirement

    Although the service information referenced in EASA AD 2020-0166
specifies to submit certain information to the manufacturer, this AD
does not include that requirement.

(j) Other FAA AD Provisions

    The following provisions also apply to this AD:
    (1) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs): The Manager,
Large Aircraft Section, International Validation Branch, FAA, has
the authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the
procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector or responsible Flight
Standards Office, as appropriate. If sending information directly to
the Large Aircraft Section, International Validation Branch, send it
to the attention of the person identified in paragraph (k)(2) of
this AD. Information may be emailed to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate principal
inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager of the
responsible Flight Standards Office.
    (2) Contacting the Manufacturer: For any requirement in this AD
to obtain instructions from a manufacturer, the instructions must be
accomplished using a method approved by the Manager, Large Aircraft
Section, International Validation Branch, FAA; or EASA; or Airbus
SAS's EASA Design Organization Approval (DOA). If approved by the
DOA, the approval must include the DOA-authorized signature.
    (3) Required for Compliance (RC): For any service information
referenced in EASA AD 2020-0166 that contains RC procedures and
tests: Except as required by paragraph (j)(2) of this AD, RC
procedures and tests must be done to comply with this AD; any
procedures or tests that are not identified as RC are recommended.
Those procedures and tests that are not identified as RC may be
deviated from using accepted methods in accordance with the
operator's maintenance or inspection program without obtaining
approval of an AMOC, provided the procedures and tests identified as
RC can be done and the airplane can be put back in an airworthy
condition. Any substitutions or changes to procedures or tests
identified as RC require approval of an AMOC.

(k) Related Information

    (1) For information about EASA AD 2020-0166, contact the EASA,
Konrad-Adenauer-Ufer 3, 50668 Cologne, Germany; telephone +49 221
8999 000; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>internet www.easa.europa.eu. You
may find this EASA AD on the EASA website at https://ad.easa.europa.eu. You may view this material at the FAA,
Airworthiness Products Section, Operational Safety Branch, 2200
South 216th St., Des Moines, WA. For information on the availability
of this material at the FAA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. This material may be
found in the AD docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-
2020-1106.
    (2) For more information about this AD, contact Kathleen
Arrigotti, Aerospace Engineer, Large Aircraft Section, International
Validation Branch, FAA, 2200 South 216th St., Des Moines, WA 98198;
telephone and fax<PHONE_NUMBER>; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
    Issued on November 30, 2020.
Lance T. Gant,
Director, Compliance & Airworthiness Division, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 2020-26684 Filed 12-3-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 74 (Tuesday, April 17, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 16778-16780]
[FR Doc No: 2018-08012]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 165

[Docket Number USCG-2018-0205]
RIN 1625-AA00

Safety Zone; Barge PFE-LB444, San Joaquin River, Blackslough
Landing, CA

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Temporary final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone for
navigable waters of the San Joaquin River due to an unstable, partially
submerged barge with hull number PFE-LB444. The temporary safety zone
is needed to protect personnel, vessels, and the marine environment
from potential hazards created by the barge and associated recovery
efforts. Entry of vessels or persons into this zone is prohibited
unless specifically authorized by the Captain of the Port San
Francisco.

DATES: This rule is effective without actual notice from April 17, 2018
until April 30, 2018. For the purposes of enforcement, actual notice
will be used from March 30, 2018 until April 17, 2018.

ADDRESSES: To view documents mentioned in this preamble as being
available in the docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov, type USCG-
2018-0205 in the ``SEARCH'' box and click ``SEARCH.'' Click on Open
Docket Folder on the line associated with this rule.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule,
call or email Lieutenant Junior Grade Emily K. Rowan, U.S. Coast Guard
Sector San Francisco; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>, email
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Table of Abbreviations

CFR Code of Federal Regulations
DHS Department of Homeland Security
FR Federal Register
NPRM Notice of proposed rulemaking
Sec.  Section
U.S.C. United States Code

II. Background Information and Regulatory History

    The Coast Guard is issuing this temporary rule without prior notice
and opportunity to comment pursuant to authority under section 4(a) of
the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(b)). This
provision authorizes an agency to issue a rule without prior notice and
opportunity to comment when the agency for good cause finds that those
procedures are ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public
interest.'' Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the Coast Guard finds that good
cause exists for not publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM)
with respect to this rule because of the emergent nature of the
situation. Delaying the effective date of this rule would be
impracticable because immediate action is needed protect personnel,
vessels, and the marine environment from potential hazards associated
with the barge and associated recovery efforts.
    Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good cause
exists for making this rule effective less than 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register. A barge with hull number PFE-LB444
broke free from its mooring near Blackslough Landing and sank in the
navigable channel. This vessel has since been temporarily secured to
shore. The barge remains in an unstable condition and continues to
shift in orientation and aspect. A safety zone is needed to protect
personnel, vessels, and the marine environment from potential hazards
associated with the barge and associated recovery efforts.

III. Legal Authority and Need for Rule

    The Coast Guard is issuing this rule under authority in 33 U.S.C.
1231; 50 U.S.C. 191; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, 160.5; Department
of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1, which collectively
authorize the Coast Guard to establish safety zones. The Captain of the
Port San Francisco (COTP) has determined that potential hazards
associated with the barge and associated recovery efforts starting
March 30, 2018, will be a safety concern for anyone within a 90-yard
radius of the barge. This rule is needed to protect personnel, vessels,
and the marine environment in the navigable waters within the safety
zone.

IV. Discussion of the Rule

    This rule establishes a temporary safety zone from March 30, 2018
through April 30, 2018. The safety zone will cover all navigable waters
within 90 yards of the unstable barge and associated recovery efforts
centered in approximate position 37[deg]59'41.88'' N, 121[deg]25'8.88''
W (NAD 83). The effect of the temporary safety zone is intended to
protect personnel, vessels, and the marine environment in these
navigable waters from potential hazards associated with the barge and
associated recovery efforts. No vessel or person will be permitted to
enter the safety zone without obtaining permission from the COTP or a
designated representative.

V. Regulatory Analyses

    We developed this rule after considering numerous statutes and
Executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses
based on a number of these statutes and Executive orders, and we
discuss First Amendment rights of protestors.

A. Regulatory Planning and Review

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess the
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize
net benefits. Executive Order 13771 directs agencies to control
regulatory costs through a budgeting process. This rule has not been
designated a ``significant regulatory action,'' under Executive Order
12866. Accordingly, this rule has not been reviewed by the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB), and pursuant to OMB guidance it is exempt
from the requirements of Executive Order 13771.
    This regulatory action determination is based on the limited
duration and narrowly tailored geographic area of the safety zone.
Although this rule restricts access to the waters encompassed by the
safety zone, the effect of this rule will not be significant because
the local waterway users will be notified via public Broadcast Notice
to Mariners to ensure the safety zone will result in minimum impact.
The entities most likely to be affected are waterfront facilities,
commercial vessels, and pleasure craft engaged in recreational
activities.

B. Impact on Small Entities

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601-612, as
amended, requires federal agencies to consider the potential impact of
regulations on small entities during rulemaking. The term ``small
entities'' comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations
that are independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their
fields, and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than
50,000. The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this rule
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities.
    This rule may affect the following entities, some of which may be
small entities: Owners and operators of waterfront facilities,
commercial vessels, and pleasure craft engaged in recreational
activities and sightseeing, if these facilities or vessels are in the
vicinity of the safety zone at times when this zone is being enforced.
This rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities for the following reasons: (i) This rule will
encompass only a small portion of the waterway for a limited period of
time, and (ii) the maritime public will be advised in advance of these
safety zones via Broadcast Notice to Mariners.
    Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we want to assist small
entities in understanding this rule. If the rule would affect your
small business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction and you have
questions concerning its provisions or options for compliance, please
contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section.
    Small businesses may send comments on the actions of Federal
employees who enforce, or otherwise determine compliance with, Federal
regulations to the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory
Enforcement Ombudsman and the Regional Small Business Regulatory
Fairness Boards. The Ombudsman evaluates these actions annually and
rates each agency's responsiveness to small business. If you wish to
comment on actions by employees of the Coast Guard, call 1-888-REG-FAIR
(1-888-734-3247). The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small
entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy or
action of the Coast Guard.

C. Collection of Information

    This rule will not call for a new collection of information under
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520).

D. Federalism and Indian Tribal Governments

    A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132,
Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government. We have analyzed this rule under that Order and have
determined that it is consistent with the fundamental federalism
principles and preemption requirements described in Executive Order
13132.
    Also, this rule does not have tribal implications under Executive
Order 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal
Governments, because it does not have a substantial direct effect on
one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal
Government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian tribes. If
you believe this rule has implications for federalism or Indian tribes,
please contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT
section above.

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary
regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may
result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 (adjusted for
inflation) or more in any one year. Though this rule will not result in
such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere
in this preamble.

F. Environment

    We have analyzed this rule under Department of Homeland Security
Management Directive 023-01, which guides the Coast Guard in complying
with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321-
4370f), and have determined that this action is one of a category of
actions that do not individually or cumulatively have a significant
effect on the human environment. This rule involves safety zones of
limited size and duration. It is categorically excluded from further
review under Categorical Exclusion L60(d) of Appendix A, Table 1 of DHS
Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01, Rev. 01. A Record of Environmental
Consideration supporting this determination will be prepared and
submitted after issuance or publication in accordance with DHS
Instruction Manual 023-01-001-01, Rev. 01.

G. Protest Activities

    The Coast Guard respects the First Amendment rights of protesters.

Protesters are asked to contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER
INFORMATION CONTACT section to coordinate protest activities so that
your message can be received without jeopardizing the safety or
security of people, places or vessels.

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165

    Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard amends
33 CFR part 165 as follows:

PART 165--REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS

0
1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C 1231; 50 U.S.C. 191; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1,
6.04-6, and 160.5; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No.
0170.1

0
2. Add Sec.  165.T11-921 to read as follows:

Sec.  165.T11-921   Safety Zone; Barge PFE-LB444, San Joaquin River,
Blackslough Landing, CA.

    (a) Location. The following area is a safety zone: all navigable
waters within 90 yards of the unstable, partially submerged barge and
associated recovery efforts centered in approximate position
37[deg]59'41.88'' N, 121[deg]25'8.88'' W (NAD 83).
    (b) Enforcement period. The zone described in paragraph (a) of this
section will be enforced from March 30, 2018 through April 30, 2018.
The Captain of the Port San Francisco (COTP) will notify the maritime
community of periods during which these zones will be enforced via
Broadcast Notice to Mariners in accordance with 33 CFR 165.7.
    (c) Definitions. As used in this section, ``designated
representative'' means a Coast Guard Patrol Commander, including a
Coast Guard coxswain, petty officer, or other officer on a Coast Guard
vessel or a Federal, State, or local officer designated by or assisting
the COTP in the enforcement of the safety zone.
    (d) Regulations. (1) Under the general regulations in 33 CFR part
165, subpart C, entry into, transiting or anchoring within this safety
zone is prohibited unless authorized by the COTP or the COTP's
designated representative.
    (2) The safety zone is closed to all vessel traffic, except as may
be permitted by the COTP or a designated representative.
    (3) Vessel operators desiring to enter or operate within the safety
zone must contact the COTP or a designated representative to obtain
permission to do so. Vessel operators given permission to enter or
operate in the safety zone must comply with all directions given to
them by the COTP or a designated representative. Persons and vessels
may request permission to enter the safety zones on VHF-23A or through
the 24-hour Command Center at telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

    Dated: March 29, 2018
Anthony J. Ceraolo,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port, San Francisco.
[FR Doc. 2018-08012 Filed 4-16-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 9110-04-P


" The air in every American community will be safe and healthy to breathe. In particular, children, the elderly, and people with respiratory ailments will be protected from health risks of breathing polluted air."

EPA's Goal for ` Clean Air' Boston Great Smokey Mountains Particulate Air Pollution: ORD Gains Since 1997  What Lies Ahead?

Office of Research & Development U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington D. C. Cardiopulmonary disease appears to predispose to PM effects.

Schwartz et al, 1992 Fine PM relates to consistency of effect.

From whence the concerns about PM  To date, the NRC has issued 3 reports that identify important research needs and recommends a multi year portfolio of the highest priority research topics.

The final report is due in Feb 2004.

In 1998, Congress increased the EPA budget of $ 27.8 million for the PM program by $ 22.4 million per year

an increase that has been largely sustained through the ensuing five years.

What do we need to know about PM   is the problem real and how do we deal with it? 1. Outdoor Measures vs. Personal Exposure 2. Exposure of Susceptible Populations to PM Components 3. Characterization of Sources 5. Assessment of Hazardous PM Components 4. Air Quality Model Development & Testing 6. Dosimetry & Fate of Deposited PM 7. Combined Effects of PM and Gaseous Pollutants 8. Susceptible Subpopulations 9. Mechanisms of Injury 10. Analysis & Measurements 11. Technical Support   Atmospheric Measurements and Methods PM Research Needs to Minimize Health Risks A Road Map: The NRC Research Priorities for PM Supersites and EPA Monitoring Network ( OAQPS) Exposure, Atmospheric Measurement & Modeling, and Source Apportionment Exposure characterization; receptor modeling tools to assist regulators identify and effectively target sources Toxicological Studies Animal inhalation studies, cell biology & real time telemetry measurements in rodents Clinical Studies Human inhalation studies; Cardiopulmonary testing; in vitro exposure facilities Epidemiological Studies Acute / chronic & panel epidemiologic studies;

biomarker development; imputation of exposures Concentrator ( CAPs)

ORD PM Research Emission Source Characterization Source emission profiles for source attribution in ambient fine PM.

Validate multi pollutant controls. NCER STAR Program NCER STAR Program Minerals SO4 NH4 NO3 OC EC Unknown ( 4.3%) ( 34%)

( 13%)

( 1.1%)

( 20.9%)

( 3.9%)

( 23%) East Minerals SO4 NH4 NO3 OC EC ( 7.5%) ( 22.3%)

( 10.2%)

( 8.1%)

( 44.6%) ( 9%) Central Minerals SO4 NH4 NO3 OC EC ( 14%) ( 10.8%)

( 7.5%)

( 15.7%)

( 38.9%)

( 14.7%) West Particle Acidity Ambient PM   combustion and natural sources ( biologicals?)

Sunlight driven transformation products Gaseous Pollutants: SO2 NO2 NH3 O3 CO VOCs Assessing the Hazards of PM Complexities of Composition, Space & Time National Monitoring Network 01/ 02 Trends ( 54) Supplemental (~ 215 sites currently known)

Supersites Daily Sites IMPROVE IMPROVE Protocol Castnet conversion Deploy in 2002 Deploy in 2003 SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS Jay Turner Washington University St. Louis Spyros Pandis Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA Kenneth Demerjian University of Albany New York, NY John Froines UCLA Los Angeles, CA David Allen University of Texas, Austin Houston, TX John Watson Desert Research Institute Fresno, CA John Ondov University of Maryland Baltimore, MD Pilot Cooperative EPRI Atlanta, GA Principal Investigator Institution Location 12 FRM PM2.5 & PM10 National Ambient Air Monitoring Networks Routine Chemical Speciation Super

sites Program 772 MI patients OR = 1.69 ( 1.13 2.34) for a 20 µ g/ m3 increment in 24 hour PM2.5 Peters et al., 2001  0.6  0.4  0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Healthy Subjects Compromised Subjects HF LF HF LF Heart Rate Variability Liao et al., 2000  Evidence that PM affects the Cardiovascular System * *

SDNN PNN50 LF HF Total Ratio 0 1 2 3 4 Air CAPS Ratio CAPS /

Pre Devlin et al., 2002 Watkinson et al., 1998 ECG Abnormalities and death in fly ash exposed hypertensive rats Kodavanti et al., ( 2003) " Inhaled environmental combustion particles cause myocardial injury in the Wistar Kyoto rat." Toxicol Sci 71( 2): 237 245  First evidence of direct cardiac injury from inhaled emission PM EPM exposed 40X Air exposed 40X Society of Toxicology " Paper of the Year 2003"  Validation of PM associated health effects  Credibility of exposure measures  Plausible biological mechanisms  Development of predictive models and evaluative tools to implement the PM NAAQS Five years of Progress  PM composition is source driven   so likely are health outcomes  Effects of long term exposure to PM  ORD remains an essential partner to OAR in its efforts to meet EPA's Clean Air goal Where do we go from here?

 Biological mechanisms underlying response & susceptibility  PM attributes and source attribution of health effects  Air Quality Criteria Document for PM  Tools for implementing the NAAQS   " post sulfur era"