6 YEAR PRCP TSER 0 0 RUNF TSER 0 0 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 110 Average Application Rate: Oregon Apples, Index Reservoir *** PRZM 3.1 Input Data File; ORAPPLEX. INP; Modified April 5, 1998 *** *** Modified for Carbaryl by Laurence Libelo, 6/ 21/ 00 *** *** Use rate changed to QUA (July 21, 1998 QUA Report) AVERAGE VALUES on 2/ 28/ 01 *** *** Crops simulated: Apples, Crabapples, and Quince *** *** Location Washington County, Oregon; Meadow/ Orchard Scenario; MLRA: A2 *** *** Manning's N: Assume sparse grass under mature trees (ca. 20 feet) *** *** Temperature data read *** *** This file is for scenario standardization; Reference chemical is Atrazine *** *** See ORAPPLEX. wpd for scenario details *** Carbaryl Cornelius silt loam, 15% slope, Hydrologic Group: C 0.740 0.150 2 17.000 1 3 9.2 10.3 11.8 13.6 15.30 15.3 14.2 12.5 10.9 9.4 8.6 9.1 4 0.43 3.30 1.0 10.0 5.4 2 15.00 354.0 1 1 0.25 17.0 100.000 3 91 71 71 0.0 600 1 3 0103 0105 0112 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.015 0.015 0.015 36 010448 150548 151248 1 010449 150549 151249 1 010450 150550 151250 1 010451 150551 151251 1 010452 150552 151252 1 010453 150553 151253 1 010454 150554 151254 1 010455 150555 151255 1 010456 150556 151256 1 010457 150557 151257 1 010458 150558 151258 1 010459 150559 151259 1 010460 150560 151260 1 010461 150561 151261 1 010462 150562 151262 1 010463 150563 151263 1 010464 150564 151264 1 010465 150565 151265 1 010466 150566 151266 1 111 010467 150567 151267 1 010468 150568 151268 1 010469 150569 151269 1 010470 150570 151270 1 010471 150571 151271 1 010472 150572 151272 1 010473 150573 151273 1 010474 150574 151274 1 010475 150575 151275 1 010476 150576 151276 1 010477 150577 151277 1 010478 150578 151278 1 010479 150579 151279 1 010480 150580 151280 1 010481 150581 151281 1 010482 150582 151282 1 010483 150583 151283 1 Use rate changed to QUA (July 21, 1998 QUA Report) AVERAGE VALUES on 2/ 28/ 01 2 apps@ 1.2 lb/ app *** *** Aerial Application: 5 apps of 2 lb a. i./ acre (3.3 kg/ ha), Aerial @ 95% eff. w/ 16% drift 72 1 0 0 Chemical Kd: 3.0 (silt Loam soil); AeSM: T1/ 2: 12 days; AnSM: T1/ 2 = 24 days *** Record 16: Application information; set specific to carbaryl *** 300448 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140548 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140549 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140550 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140551 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140552 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140553 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140554 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140555 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140556 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140557 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140558 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140559 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 112 300460 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140560 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140561 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300462 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140562 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140563 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140564 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140565 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140566 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140567 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140568 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140569 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140570 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140571 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140572 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140573 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140574 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140575 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140576 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140577 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140578 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140579 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140580 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140581 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140582 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 140583 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 113 *** Record 17: Filtra., disposit. foliar pest. after harvest, and plant uptake *** 0.0 3 0.0 *** Record 18: Foliar dissipation parameters *** 0.0 0.0 0.50 Cornelius silt loam, 15% slope, Hydrologic Group: C 148.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *** Record 26: Soil volatilization constants *** 0.0 0.0 0.0 *** Record 33 *** 5 *** Record 34 *** 1 15.0 1.30 0.329 0.0 0.0 0.0 *** Record 36: Soil half life rate constants; repeat for each horizon *** 0.058 0.058 0.0 *** Record 37: *** 0.1 0.329 0.099 2.30 3.0 *** Record 39: Omitted; parent/ daughter transformation rates *** 2 13.0 1.38 0.338 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 1.0 0.338 0.108 1.11 3.0 3 15.0 1.58 0.340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 1.0 0.340 0.110 0.21 3.0 4 55.0 1.52 0.358 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 5.0 0.358 0.148 0.145 3.0 5 50.0 1.46 0.202 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 5.0 0.202 0.142 0.07 3.0 0 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1 1 1

6 YEAR PRCP TSER 0 0 RUNF TSER 0 0 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 114 Maximum Reported Application Rate: Oregon Apples, Index Reservoir *** PRZM 3.1 Input Data File; ORAPPLEX. INP; Modified April 5, 1998 *** *** Modified for Carbaryl by Laurence Libelo, 6/ 21/ 00 *** Modified for Index Res. by Laurence Libelo, 3/ 7/ 01 *** Crops simulated: Apples, Crabapples, and Quince *** *** Location Washington County, Oregon; Meadow/ Orchard Scenario; MLRA: A2 *** *** Manning's N: Assume sparse grass under mature trees (ca. 20 feet) *** *** Temperature data read *** *** This file is for scenario standardization; Reference chemical is Atrazine *** *** See ORAPPLEX. wpd for scenario details *** Carbaryl Cornelius silt loam, 15% slope, Hydrologic Group: C 0.740 0.150 2 17.000 1 3 9.2 10.3 11.8 13.6 15.30 15.3 14.2 12.5 10.9 9.4 8.6 9.1 4 0.43 3.30 1.0 172.8 5.4 2 15.00 464 1 1 0.25 17.0 100.000 3 91 71 71 0.0 600 1 3 0103 0105 0112 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.015 0.015 0.015 36 010448 150548 151248 1 010449 150549 151249 1 010450 150550 151250 1 010451 150551 151251 1 010452 150552 151252 1 010453 150553 151253 1 010454 150554 151254 1 010455 150555 151255 1 010456 150556 151256 1 010457 150557 151257 1 010458 150558 151258 1 010459 150559 151259 1 010460 150560 151260 1 010461 150561 151261 1 010462 150562 151262 1 010463 150563 151263 1 010464 150564 151264 1 010465 150565 151265 1 010466 150566 151266 1 010467 150567 151267 1 115 010468 150568 151268 1 010469 150569 151269 1 010470 150570 151270 1 010471 150571 151271 1 010472 150572 151272 1 010473 150573 151273 1 010474 150574 151274 1 010475 150575 151275 1 010476 150576 151276 1 010477 150577 151277 1 010478 150578 151278 1 010479 150579 151279 1 010480 150580 151280 1 010481 150581 151281 1 010482 150582 151282 1 010483 150583 151283 1 Max reported rate  2 apps @ 1.6 lb A. I./ acre *** Aerial Application: 5 apps of 2 lb a. i./ acre (2.2 kg/ ha), Aerial @ 95% eff. w/ 16% drift 72 1 0 0 Chemical Kd: 3.0 (silt Loam soil); AeSM: T1/ 2: 12 days; AnSM: T1/ 2 = 24 days *** Record 16: Application information; set specific to carbaryl *** 300448 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140548 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140549 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140550 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140551 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140552 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140553 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140554 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140555 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140556 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140557 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140558 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140559 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140560 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 116 300461 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140561 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300462 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140562 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140563 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140564 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140565 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140566 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140567 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140568 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140569 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140570 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140571 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140572 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140573 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140574 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140575 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140576 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140577 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140578 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140579 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140580 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140581 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140582 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 140583 0 2 0.00 1.79 0.95 0.16 *** Record 17: Filtra., disposit. foliar pest. after harvest, and plant uptake *** 0.0 3 0.0 117 *** Record 18: Foliar dissipation parameters *** 0.0 0.0 0.50 Cornelius silt loam, 15% slope, Hydrologic Group: C 148.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 *** Record 26: Soil volatilization constants *** 0.0 0.0 0.0 *** Record 33 *** 5 *** Record 34 *** 1 15.0 1.30 0.329 0.0 0.0 0.0 *** Record 36: Soil half life rate constants; repeat for each horizon *** 0.058 0.058 0.0 *** Record 37: *** 0.1 0.329 0.099 2.30 3.0 *** Record 39: Omitted; parent/ daughter transformation rates *** 2 13.0 1.38 0.338 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 1.0 0.338 0.108 1.11 3.0 3 15.0 1.58 0.340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 1.0 0.340 0.110 0.21 3.0 4 55.0 1.52 0.358 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 5.0 0.358 0.148 0.145 3.0 5 50.0 1.46 0.202 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.029 0.0 5.0 0.202 0.142 0.07 3.0 0 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1 1 1

6 YEAR PRCP TSER 0 0 RUNF TSER 0 0 ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3 RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5 118 Maximum Application Rate: Sugar beets, Index Reservoir *** PRZM2 Version 3.12 Input Data File *** *** MNSUGAR1. inp Index Reservoir Scenario created on 12/ 13/ 99 *** *** Modified for CABRBARYL 6/ 21/ 00 by Laurence Libelo *** *** Bearden soil is a Benchmark soil with ca. 800K mapped acres in MLRA *** *** Sugar beets, conventional tillage *** *** Highest acreage sugarbeet state is MN; highest county in MN is Polk *** *** Manning's N value set to 0.02 for residues applied to fallow surfaces *** *** Application timing information provided by Russ Severson (?), *** University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service, Polk County, MN, *** (218) 281 8696 *** PCA for sugarbeets not available, use default PCA of 0.87 *** Chemical: Carbaryl Bearden Silty Clay Loam; HYGP: C; MLRA F 56, Polk County, Minnesota 0.760 0.500 0 12.00 1 3 4 0.28 0.12 0.50 172.80 3 3.00 600.0 1 1 0.10 20.00 80.00 3 91 82 91 0.00 100.00 1 3 0101 1605 1110 0.43 0.18 0.43 0.02 0.02 0.02 36 160548 061048 161048 1 160549 061049 161049 1 160550 061050 161050 1 160551 061051 161051 1 160552 061052 161052 1 160553 061053 161053 1 160554 061054 161054 1 160555 061055 161055 1 160556 061056 161056 1 160557 061057 161057 1 160558 061058 161058 1 160559 061059 161059 1 160560 061060 161060 1 160561 061061 161061 1 160562 061062 161062 1 160563 061063 161063 1 160564 061064 161064 1 160565 061065 161065 1 119 160566 061066 161066 1 160567 061067 161067 1 160568 061068 161068 1 160569 061069 161069 1 160570 061070 161070 1 160571 061071 161071 1 160572 061072 161072 1 160573 061073 161073 1 160574 061074 161074 1 160575 061075 161075 1 160576 061076 161076 1 160577 061077 161077 1 160578 061078 161078 1 160579 061079 161079 1 160580 061080 161080 1 160581 061081 161081 1 160582 061082 161082 1 160583 061083 161083 1 Application Schedule: 2 aerial app @ 1.5 lb a. i./ acre (1.68 kg/ ha, 95% app. eff, 16% spray drift 72 1 0 0 Carbaryl: Kd: 3.0; AeSM: T1/ 2 = 12 days; AnSM: T1/ 2 = 24 days 300448 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140548 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140549 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140550 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140551 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140552 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140553 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140554 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140555 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140556 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140557 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140558 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140559 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140560 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140561 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 120 300462 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140562 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140563 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140564 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140565 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140566 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140567 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140568 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140569 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140570 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140571 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140572 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140573 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140574 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140575 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140576 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140577 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140578 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140579 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140580 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140581 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140582 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 140583 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 0.0 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.50 Bearden Silty Clay Loam; Hydrologic Group C; 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 121 4 1 10.00 1.400 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.10 0.377 0.207 1.160 3.0 2 8.00 1.400 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 1.00 0.377 0.207 1.160 3.0 3 54.00 1.500 0.292 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 2.00 0.292 0.132 1.160 3.0 4 28.00 1.800 0.285 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 2.0 0.285 0.125 0.174 3.0 0 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1 1 1

1 YEAR *** PRCP TSER 0 0*** RUNF TCUM 0 0 *** ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3*** *** RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** *** EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** *** RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** 122 Average Application Rate: Sugar beets, Index Reservoir *** PRZM2 Version 3.12 Input Data File *** *** MNSUGAR1. inp Index Reservoir Scenario created on 12/ 13/ 99 *** *** Modified for CABRBARYL 6/ 21/ 00 by Laurence Libelo *** *** Use rate changed to QUA (July 21, 1998 QUA Report) AVERAGE VALUES on 2/ 28/ 01 *** *** Bearden soil is a Benchmark soil with ca. 800K mapped acres in MLRA *** *** Sugar beets, conventional tillage *** *** Highest acreage sugarbeet state is MN; highest county in MN is Polk *** *** Manning's N value set to 0.02 for residues applied to fallow surfaces *** *** Application timing information provided by Russ Severson (?), *** University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service, Polk County, MN, *** (218) 281 8696 *** PCA for sugarbeets not available, use default PCA of 0.87 *** Chemical: Carbaryl Bearden Silty Clay Loam; HYGP: C; MLRA F 56, Polk County, Minnesota 0.760 0.500 0 12.00 1 3 4 0.28 0.12 0.50 172.80 3 3.00 600.0 1 1 0.10 20.00 80.00 3 91 82 91 0.00 100.00 1 3 0101 1605 1110 0.43 0.18 0.43 0.02 0.02 0.02 36 160548 061048 161048 1 160549 061049 161049 1 160550 061050 161050 1 160551 061051 161051 1 160552 061052 161052 1 160553 061053 161053 1 160554 061054 161054 1 160555 061055 161055 1 160556 061056 161056 1 160557 061057 161057 1 160558 061058 161058 1 160559 061059 161059 1 160560 061060 161060 1 160561 061061 161061 1 160562 061062 161062 1 160563 061063 161063 1 160564 061064 161064 1 123 160565 061065 161065 1 160566 061066 161066 1 160567 061067 161067 1 160568 061068 161068 1 160569 061069 161069 1 160570 061070 161070 1 160571 061071 161071 1 160572 061072 161072 1 160573 061073 161073 1 160574 061074 161074 1 160575 061075 161075 1 160576 061076 161076 1 160577 061077 161077 1 160578 061078 161078 1 160579 061079 161079 1 160580 061080 161080 1 160581 061081 161081 1 160582 061082 161082 1 160583 061083 161083 1 Application Schedule: 1 aerial app @ 1.5 lb a. i./ acre (1.68 kg/ ha, 95% app. eff, 5% spray drift *** *** Application Schedule: 2 aerial app @ 1.5 lb a. i./ acre (1.68 kg/ ha, 95% app. eff, 16% spray drift 36 1 0 0 Carbaryl: Kd: 3.0; AeSM: T1/ 2 = 12 days; AnSM: T1/ 2 = 24 days 300448 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300462 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 124 300473 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 1.68 0.95 0.16 0.0 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.50 Bearden Silty Clay Loam; Hydrologic Group C; 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 1 10.00 1.400 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.10 0.377 0.207 1.160 3.0 2 8.00 1.400 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 1.00 0.377 0.207 1.160 3.0 3 54.00 1.500 0.292 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 2.00 0.292 0.132 1.160 3.0 4 28.00 1.800 0.285 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 2.0 0.285 0.125 0.174 3.0 0 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1 1 1

1 YEAR *** PRCP TSER 0 0*** RUNF TCUM 0 0 *** ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3*** *** RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** *** EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** *** RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** 125 Maximum Reported Application Rate: Sugar beets, Index Reservoir *** PRZM2 Version 3.12 Input Data File *** *** MNSUGAR1. inp Index Reservoir Scenario created on 12/ 13/ 99 *** *** Modified for CABRBARYL 6/ 21/ 00 by Laurence Libelo *** *** Use rate changed to QUA (July 21, 1998 QUA Report) AVERAGE VALUES on 2/ 28/ 01 *** *** Bearden soil is a Benchmark soil with ca. 800K mapped acres in MLRA *** *** Sugar beets, conventional tillage *** *** Highest acreage sugarbeet state is MN; highest county in MN is Polk *** *** Manning's N value set to 0.02 for residues applied to fallow surfaces *** *** Application timing information provided by Russ Severson (?), *** University of Minnesota Agricultural Extension Service, Polk County, MN, *** (218) 281 8696 *** PCA for sugarbeets not available, use default PCA of 0.87 *** Chemical: Carbaryl Bearden Silty Clay Loam; HYGP: C; MLRA F 56, Polk County, Minnesota 0.760 0.500 0 12.00 1 3 4 0.28 0.12 0.50 172.80 3 3.00 600.0 1 1 0.10 20.00 80.00 3 91 82 91 0.00 100.00 1 3 0101 1605 1110 0.43 0.18 0.43 0.02 0.02 0.02 36 160548 061048 161048 1 160549 061049 161049 1 160550 061050 161050 1 160551 061051 161051 1 160552 061052 161052 1 160553 061053 161053 1 160554 061054 161054 1 160555 061055 161055 1 160556 061056 161056 1 160557 061057 161057 1 160558 061058 161058 1 160559 061059 161059 1 160560 061060 161060 1 160561 061061 161061 1 160562 061062 161062 1 160563 061063 161063 1 160564 061064 161064 1 160565 061065 161065 1 126 160566 061066 161066 1 160567 061067 161067 1 160568 061068 161068 1 160569 061069 161069 1 160570 061070 161070 1 160571 061071 161071 1 160572 061072 161072 1 160573 061073 161073 1 160574 061074 161074 1 160575 061075 161075 1 160576 061076 161076 1 160577 061077 161077 1 160578 061078 161078 1 160579 061079 161079 1 160580 061080 161080 1 160581 061081 161081 1 160582 061082 161082 1 160583 061083 161083 1 Maximum raported application rate: 1 app @ 1.2 lb A. I./ acre *** Application Schedule: 2 aerial app @ 1.5 lb a. i./ acre (1.68 kg/ ha, 95% app. eff, 16% spray drift 36 1 0 0 Carbaryl: Kd: 3.0; AeSM: T1/ 2 = 12 days; AnSM: T1/ 2 = 24 days 300448 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300462 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 127 300476 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 1.34 0.95 0.16 0.0 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.50 Bearden Silty Clay Loam; Hydrologic Group C; 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 1 10.00 1.400 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.58 0.58 0.00 0.10 0.377 0.207 1.160 3.0 2 8.00 1.400 0.377 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 1.00 0.377 0.207 1.160 3.0 3 54.00 1.500 0.292 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 2.00 0.292 0.132 1.160 3.0 4 28.00 1.800 0.285 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.029 0.00 2.0 0.285 0.125 0.174 3.0 0 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 YEAR 5 1 1 1

1 YEAR *** PRCP TSER 0 0*** RUNF TCUM 0 0 *** ESLS TSER 0 0 1.0E3*** *** RFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** *** EFLX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** *** RZFX TSER 0 0 1.0E5*** 128 Maximum Application Rate: Florida Citrus, Index Reservoir PRZM3 Input File, flcit. inp (Jan 28 2000) *** original file source unknown *** *** Source of crop and soil data unknown *** *** modified for carbaryl by Laurence Libelo, 6/ 21/ 00 *** Location: Osceola County, FL.; Crop: citrus; MLRA 156A 0.77 0.15 0 25.00 1 1 4 0.10 0.13 1.00 172.8 3 1.00 600.0 1 1 0.10 100.00 80.00 3 94 84 89 0.00 100.00 1 3 0101 21 9 2209 0.10 0.10 0.10 .023 .023 .023 36 110548 170748 10848 1 110549 170749 10849 1 110550 170750 10850 1 110551 170751 10851 1 110552 170752 10852 1 110553 170753 10853 1 110554 170754 10854 1 110555 170755 10855 1 110556 170756 10856 1 110557 170757 10857 1 110558 170758 10858 1 110559 170759 10859 1 110560 170760 10860 1 110561 170761 10861 1 110562 170762 10862 1 110563 170763 10863 1 110564 170764 10864 1 110565 170765 10865 1 110566 170766 10866 1 110567 170767 10867 1 110568 170768 10868 1 110569 170769 10869 1 110570 170770 10870 1 110571 170771 10871 1 110572 170772 10872 1 110573 170773 10873 1 110574 170774 10874 1 110575 170775 10875 1 110576 170776 10876 1 110577 170777 10877 1 110578 170778 10878 1 110579 170779 10879 1 110580 170780 10880 1 129 110581 170781 10881 1 110582 170782 10882 1 110583 170783 10883 1 Application: 4 aerial appls @ 5 lb a. i./ ac/ year (5.6 kg/ ha) @95% eff, w/ 16% drift 144 1 0 0 CARBARYL on FL Cirtus 300448 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140548 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280548 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110648 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140549 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280549 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110649 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140550 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280550 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110650 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140551 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280551 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110651 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140552 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280552 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110652 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140553 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280553 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110653 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140554 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280554 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110654 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140555 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280555 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110655 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140556 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280556 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110656 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140557 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280557 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110657 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140558 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280558 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110658 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 130 300459 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140559 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280559 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110659 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140560 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280560 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110660 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140561 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280561 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110661 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300462 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140562 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280562 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110662 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140563 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280563 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110663 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140564 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280564 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110664 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140565 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280565 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110665 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140566 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280566 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110666 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140567 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280567 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110667 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140568 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280568 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110668 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140569 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280569 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110669 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140570 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280570 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110670 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140571 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280571 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 131 110671 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140572 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280572 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110672 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140573 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280573 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110673 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140574 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280574 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110674 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140575 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280575 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110675 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140576 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280576 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110676 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140577 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280577 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110677 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140578 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280578 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110678 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140579 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280579 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110679 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140580 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280580 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110680 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140581 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280581 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110681 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140582 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280582 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110682 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 140583 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 280583 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 110683 0 2 0.00 5.60 0.95 0.16 0. 1 132 0.00 0.000 0.50 Soil Series: Adamsville sand; Hydrogic Group C *** Kd for sandy loam = 1.7 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 0.00 00.00 3 1 10.000 1.440 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 .058 .058 0.000 0.100 0.086 0.036 0.580 1.7 2 10.000 1.440 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 .029 .029 0.000 1.000 0.086 0.036 0.580 1.7 3 80.000 1.580 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 .029 .029 0.000 5.000 0.030 0.023 0.116 1.7 0 WATR YEAR 10 PEST YEAR 10 CONC YEAR 10 1 6 11

1 DAY RUNF TSER 0 0 1. E0 133 Average Application Rate: Florida Citrus, Index Reservoir PRZM3 Input File, flcit. inp (Jan 28 2000) *** original file source unknown *** *** Source of crop and soil data unknown *** *** modified for carbaryl by Laurence Libelo, 6/ 21/ 00 *** Location: Osceola County, FL.; Crop: citrus; MLRA 156A 0.77 0.15 0 25.00 1 1 4 0.10 0.13 1.00 172.8 3 1.00 600.0 1 1 0.10 100.00 80.00 3 94 84 89 0.00 100.00 1 3 0101 21 9 2209 0.10 0.10 0.10 .023 .023 .023 36 110548 170748 10848 1 110549 170749 10849 1 110550 170750 10850 1 110551 170751 10851 1 110552 170752 10852 1 110553 170753 10853 1 110554 170754 10854 1 110555 170755 10855 1 110556 170756 10856 1 110557 170757 10857 1 110558 170758 10858 1 110559 170759 10859 1 110560 170760 10860 1 110561 170761 10861 1 110562 170762 10862 1 110563 170763 10863 1 110564 170764 10864 1 110565 170765 10865 1 110566 170766 10866 1 110567 170767 10867 1 110568 170768 10868 1 110569 170769 10869 1 110570 170770 10870 1 110571 170771 10871 1 110572 170772 10872 1 110573 170773 10873 1 110574 170774 10874 1 110575 170775 10875 1 110576 170776 10876 1 110577 170777 10877 1 110578 170778 10878 1 110579 170779 10879 1 110580 170780 10880 1 134 110581 170781 10881 1 110582 170782 10882 1 110583 170783 10883 1 Application = average  2 aps @ 3.4 lb A. I./ acre *** Application: 4 aerial appls @ 5 lb a. i./ ac/ year (5.6 kg/ ha) @95% eff, w/ 16% drift 72 1 0 0 CARBARYL on FL Cirtus 300448 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170548 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170549 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170550 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170551 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170552 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170553 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170554 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170555 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170556 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170557 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170558 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170559 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170560 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170561 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300462 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170562 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170563 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170564 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170565 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170566 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170567 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170568 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 135 170569 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170570 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170571 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170572 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170573 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170574 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170575 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170576 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170577 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170578 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300479 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170579 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170580 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170581 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170582 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 170583 0 2 0.00 3.81 0.95 0.16 0. 1 0.00 0.000 0.50 Soil Series: Adamsville sand; Hydrogic Group C *** Kd for sandy loam = 1.7 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 0.00 00.00 3 1 10.000 1.440 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 .058 .058 0.000 0.100 0.086 0.036 0.580 1.7 2 10.000 1.440 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 .029 .029 0.000 1.000 0.086 0.036 0.580 1.7 3 80.000 1.580 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 .029 .029 0.000 5.000 0.030 0.023 0.116 1.7 0 WATR YEAR 10 PEST YEAR 10 CONC YEAR 10 1 6 11  136 1 DAY RUNF TSER 0 0 1. E0 137 Maximum Reported Application Rate: Florida Citrus, Index Reservoir PRZM3 Input File, flcit. inp (Jan 28 2000) *** original file source unknown *** *** Source of crop and soil data unknown *** *** modified for carbaryl by Laurence Libelo, 6/ 21/ 00 *** Location: Osceola County, FL.; Crop: citrus; MLRA 156A 0.77 0.15 0 25.00 1 1 4 0.10 0.13 1.00 172.8 3 1.00 600.0 1 1 0.10 100.00 80.00 3 94 84 89 0.00 100.00 1 3 0101 21 9 2209 0.10 0.10 0.10 .023 .023 .023 36 110548 170748 10848 1 110549 170749 10849 1 110550 170750 10850 1 110551 170751 10851 1 110552 170752 10852 1 110553 170753 10853 1 110554 170754 10854 1 110555 170755 10855 1 110556 170756 10856 1 110557 170757 10857 1 110558 170758 10858 1 110559 170759 10859 1 110560 170760 10860 1 110561 170761 10861 1 110562 170762 10862 1 110563 170763 10863 1 110564 170764 10864 1 110565 170765 10865 1 110566 170766 10866 1 110567 170767 10867 1 110568 170768 10868 1 110569 170769 10869 1 110570 170770 10870 1 110571 170771 10871 1 110572 170772 10872 1 110573 170773 10873 1 110574 170774 10874 1 110575 170775 10875 1 110576 170776 10876 1 110577 170777 10877 1 110578 170778 10878 1 110579 170779 10879 1 138 110580 170780 10880 1 110581 170781 10881 1 110582 170782 10882 1 110583 170783 10883 1 Application = maximum reported 3 aps @ 4.26 lb A. I./ acre *** Application: 4 aerial appls @ 5 lb a. i./ ac/ year (5.6 kg/ ha) @95% eff, w/ 16% drift 108 1 0 0 CARBARYL on FL Cirtus 300448 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140548 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280548 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300449 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140549 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280549 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300450 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140550 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280550 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300451 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140551 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280551 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300452 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140552 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280552 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300453 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140553 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280553 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300454 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140554 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280554 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300455 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140555 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280555 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300456 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140556 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280556 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300457 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140557 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280557 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300458 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140558 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280558 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300459 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140559 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280559 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300460 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140560 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280560 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300461 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140561 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280561 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 139 300462 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140562 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280562 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300463 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140563 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280563 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300464 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140564 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280564 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300465 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140565 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280565 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300466 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140566 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280566 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300467 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140567 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280567 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300468 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140568 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280568 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300469 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140569 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280569 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300470 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140570 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280570 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300471 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140571 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280571 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300472 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140572 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280572 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300473 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140573 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280573 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300474 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140574 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280574 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300475 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140575 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280575 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300476 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140576 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280576 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300477 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140577 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280577 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300478 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140578 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280578 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140 300479 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140579 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280579 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300480 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140580 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280580 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300481 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140581 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280581 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300482 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140582 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280582 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 300483 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 140583 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 280583 0 2 0.00 4.77 0.95 0.16 0. 1 0.00 0.000 0.50 Soil Series: Adamsville sand; Hydrogic Group C *** Kd for sandy loam = 1.7 100.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00.0 0.00 00.00 3 1 10.000 1.440 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 .058 .058 0.000 0.100 0.086 0.036 0.580 1.7 2 10.000 1.440 0.086 0.000 0.000 0.000 .029 .029 0.000 1.000 0.086 0.036 0.580 1.7 3 80.000 1.580 0.030 0.000 0.000 0.000 .029 .029 0.000 5.000 0.030 0.023 0.116 1.7 0 WATR YEAR 10 PEST YEAR 10 CONC YEAR 10 1 6 11

1 DAY RUNF TSER 0 0 1. E0 APPENDIX A2: Results of Scigrow Run for Carbaryl RUN No. 1 FOR Carbaryl INPUT VALUES

APPL (#/ AC) APPL. URATE SOIL SOIL AEROBIC RATE NO. (#/ AC/ YR) KOC METABOLISM (DAYS)

5.000 4 20.000 211.0 12.0 141 GROUND WATER SCREENING CONCENTRATIONS IN PPB

.829154

A= 7.000 B= 216.000 C= .845 D= 2.334 RILP= 1.408 F= 1.382 G= .041 URATE= 20.000 GWSC= .829154 142 Appendix B: Ecological Risk Assessment ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT Risk characterization integrates the results of exposure and ecotoxicity data to evaluate the likelihood of adverse ecological effects, using for this purpose the risk quotient (RQ) method. RQs are calculated by dividing estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of the pesticide by acute and chronic toxicity values. Although EECs are primarily based on the maximum label application rates for that pesticide, EECs based on QUA average and maximum reported (Doane data) use rates were also considered in this assessment. The 74 carbaryl registered uses and application specifications (methods, maximum label use rates, number of applications, and interval between applications) used in the risk assessment for terrestrial organisms are summarized in Table 1.

RQs are compared to levels of concern (LOC) criteria used by OPP for determining potential risk to nontarget organisms and the subsequent need for possible regulatory action. The criteria indicate that a pesticide used as directed has the potential to cause adverse effects on nontarget organisms. Levels of concern currently address the following risk presumption categories: (1) acute  potential for acute risk; regulatory action may be warranted in addition to restricted use classification, (2) acute restricted use  potential for acute risk, but may be mitigated through restricted use classification, (3) acute endangered species  potential for acute risk to endangered species; regulatory action may be warranted, and (4) chronic risk  the potential for chronic risk is high, and regulatory action may be warranted. Currently, EFED does not perform assessments for chronic risk to plants, acute or chronic risks to nontarget insects, or chronic risk from granular/ bait formulations to birds or mammals. Risk presumptions and the corresponding risk quotients and levels of concern are summarized in Table 2.

In addition, the Agency considers any incident data that is submitted concerning adverse effects on nontarget species. 143 Table 1. Uses, application rates, and application intervals used in the risk assessment for carbaryl 1 Uses Non granular Formulations Granular/ Bait Use/ Crop Appl Rate (lb ai/ A) No. Appl Interval (days) Max lb/ year Rate (lb ai/ A)

Asparagus 2 5 3 10 2 Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, collards, cabbage, mustard greens, lettuce, parsley, spinach, celery, Swiss chard, (beets, carrots, potato, radish, horseradish, parsnip, rutabaga, salsify 2 37 62 Corn (field, pop) 2 4 14 8

Sorghum 2 3 7 6

Rice (tadpole shrimp) 1. 5 2 7 4

Corn (sweet) 2 8 3 16 2 Flax, millet, wheat, pasture, grasses, noncropland, 1.5 2 14 3

Cucurbits (melons, cucumbers, squash, pumpkin) 1 6 7 6

Alfalfa, clover 1. 5 8 30 12

Rangeland 1 1  1

Solanaceous crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant), tobacco 2 4 7 8 2 Legumes (beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas, soybean) 1.5 4 7 6

Peanuts, sweet potatoes 2 4 7 8

Sugar beets 1. 5 2 14 4 1.5 Small fruits & berries (grape, blueberry, caneberry, cranberry, strawberry) 2 5 7 10

Strawberry     2 Sunflower 1. 5 2 7 3

Citrus (orange, lemon, grapefruit) 5, 16 4 14 20

Olives 7. 5 2 14 15

Pome fruits (apple, pear) 3 5 14 15

Stone fruits (peach, apricot, cherry, nectarine, plum/ prune) 4 3 14 14

Tree nuts (almond, chestnut, filbert, pecan, pistachios, walnut) 5 3 7 15

Forested areas (non urban) 1 2 7 2

Trees and ornamentals 1 6 7 6 9. 1 Turfgrass 8 2 7 16 9.1 Ticks   9. 1 Oyster beds 1  10 1 Aerial and ground application methods for all uses 144 Table 2. Risk presumptions for terrestrial animals Risk Presumption Risk Quotient (RQ) Level of Concern (LOC)

Birds Acute Risk EEC 1 /LC50 or LD50/ sqft 2 or LD50/ day 3 0.5 Acute Restricted Use EEC/ LC50 or LD50/ sqft or LD50/ day (or LD50 < 50 mg/ kg) 0.2 Acute Endangered Species EEC/ LC50 or LD50/ sqft or LD50/ day 0.1 Chronic Risk EEC/ NOAEC 1 Wild Mammals Acute Risk EEC/ LC50 or LD50/ sqft or LD50/ day 0.5 Acute Restricted Use EEC/ LC50 or LD50/ sqft or LD50/ day (or LD50 < 50 mg/ kg) 0.2 Acute Endangered Species EEC/ LC50 or LD50/ sqft or LD50/ day 0.1 Chronic Risk EEC/ NOAEC 1 1 abbreviation for Estimated Environmental Concentration (ppm) on avian/ mammalian food items 2 mg/ ft 2 3 mg of toxicant consumed/ day LD50 * wt. of bird LD50 * wt. of bird Risk presumptions for aquatic animals Risk Presumption RQ LOC Acute Risk EEC 1 /LC50 or EC50 0.5 Acute Restricted Use EEC/ LC50 or EC50 0.1 Acute Endangered Species EEC/ LC50 or EC50 0.05 Chronic Risk EEC/ NOAEC 1 1 EEC = (ppm or ppb) in water Risk presumptions for plants Risk Presumption RQ LOC Plant Inhabiting Terrestrial and Semi Aquatic Areas Acute Risk EEC 1 /EC25 1 Acute Endangered Species EEC/ EC05 or NOAEC 1 Aquatic Plants Acute Risk EEC 2 /EC50 1 Acute Endangered Species EEC/ EC05 or NOAEC 1 1 EEC = lbs a. i./ A 2 EEC = (ppb or ppm) in water 145 Exposure and Risk to Nontarget Terrestrial Animals For nongranular pesticide applications (e. g., liquid, dust), the estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) on food items following product application are compared to LC50 values to assess risk. The predicted 0 day maximum and mean residues of a pesticide that may be expected to occur on selected avian or mammalian food items immediately following a direct single application at 1 lb a. i./ A are tabulated in Table 3.

Table 3. Estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) on avian and mammalian food items (ppm) following a single application at 1 lb a. i./ A)

Food Items EEC (ppm) Predicted Maximum Residue 1 EEC (ppm) Predicted Mean Residue 1 Short grass 240 85 Tall grass 110 36 Broadleaf/ forage plants and small insects 135 45 Fruits, pods, seeds, and large insects 15 7 1 Predicted maximum and mean residues are for a 1 lb a. i./ a application rate and are based on Hoerger and Kenaga (1972) as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994).

The following toxicity endpoints are used in the risk assessment of carbaryl:

Avian acute oral LD50 rock dove = 1000 mg/ kg Avian subacute dietary LC50 bobwhite quail = >5000 ppm Avian chronic (reproduction) NOAEC mallard duck = 300 ppm Mammalian acute oral LD50 rat = 301 mg/ kg Mammalian chronic (reproduction) NOAEC rat = 80 ppm Freshwater fish acute LC50 salmon = 0.25 ppm Freshwater fish acute (TEP) LC50 trout = 1.2 ppm Freshwater fish chronic NOAEC minnow = 0.21 ppm Freshwater invertebrate acute LC50 stonefly = 1.7 ppb Freshwater invertebrate chronic NOAEC waterflea = 1.5 ppb Estuarine/ marine fish acute LC50 minnow = 2.6 ppm Estuarine/ marine mollusc acute EC50 oyster = 2.7 ppm Estuarine/ marine shrimp EC50 mysid = 5.7 ppb Estuarine/ marine fish chronic NOAEC no data Estuarine/ marine aquatic invertebrate chronic NOAEC no data 146 Avian Acute and Chronic Risk Risk from Exposure to Nongranular Products Since the avian LC50 is greater than 5,000 ppm (Appendix C), with zero mortality observed at this concentration for the four avian species tested, carbaryl is classified as practically nontoxic to birds, and the avian LC50 value for carbaryl can be considered a NOAEC value. Therefore, for the avian risk assessment, acute RQs for nongranular carbaryl are compared to an acute risk LOC of 1, rather than to the established avian risk LOCs shown in Table 2. On this basis, no avian acute risk LOCs are exceeded for nongranular carbaryl at maximum label application rates (Table 4).

Based on an avian NOAEC of 300 ppm and maximum label application rates, the avian chronic risk LOC is exceeded for most nongranular uses (Table 4). For birds feeding on short grasses, the avian chronic risk LOC is exceeded for all uses, except rangeland. For tall grass feeders, the avian chronic LOC is exceeded for all uses, except sugar beets, wheat, millet, flax, pasture, grasses, noncropland, rangeland, and non urban forested areas. For birds feeding on broadleaf/ forage plants and small insects the avian chronic LOC is exceeded for all uses except for rangeland and non urban forested areas. The chronic LOC for birds feeding on fruits, pods, seeds, and large insects is not exceeded for any of the carbaryl uses.

In addition to maximum label use rates, avian acute and chronic RQs were also calculated for nongranular carbaryl using QUA average use rates (Table 5a) for 70 use sites, as well as maximum reported (Doane data) use rates for 42 use sites (Table 5b). The acute risk LOCs are not exceeded for any nongranular carbaryl use at less than maximum label use rates. When RQs are based on average application rates, the chronic risk LOC is exceeded for 39 of 70 uses. For RQs based on maximum reported use rates, the chronic risk LOC is met or exceeded for 34 of 42 uses (Table 5b). 147 Table 4. Avian acute and chronic RQs for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a bobwhite quail LC50 of >5000 ppm, a mallard duck NOAEC of 300 ppm, and maximum label application rates.

Uses Appl. Rate No. Appl. Interval Food Items Maximum EEC 1 (ppm) LC50 (ppm) NOAEC (ppm) Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chron. RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Citrus (orange, lemon, grapefruit) 5 lb ai/ A 4 appl 14 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 3320.98 1522.12 1868.05 207.56 >5000 300 <0.66 <0.30 <0.37 <0.04 11.07 5.07 6.23 0.69 Citrus (California) 16 lb ai/ A 1 appl Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 3840.00 1760.00 2160.00 240.00 >5000 300 <0.77 <0.35 <0.43 <0.05 12.80 5.87 7.20 0.80 Olives 7.5 lb ai/ A 2 appl 14 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 3164.15 1450.23 1779.83 197.76 >5000 300 <0.63 <0.29 <0.36 <0.04 10.55 4.83 5.93 0.66 Pome fruits (apple, pear) 3 lb ai/ A 5 appl 14 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 2230.10 1022.13 1254.43 139.38 >5000 300 <0.45 <0.20 <0.25 <0.03 7.43 3.41 4.18 0.46 Stone fruits (peaches, apricot, cherry, nectarine, plum/ prune) 4 lb ai/ A 3 appl 14 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 2238.92 1026.17 1259.39 139.93 >5000 300 <0.45 <0.21 <0.25 <0.03 7.46 3.42 4.20 0.47 Tree nuts (almond, chestnut, filbert, pecan, pistachios, walnut) 5 lb ai/ A 3 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 3154.09 1445.62 1774.18 197.13 >5000 300 <0.63 <0.29 <0.35 <0.04 10.51 4.82 5.91 0.66 Corn (field, pop) 2 lb ai/ A 4 appl 14 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 1328.39 608.85 747.22 83.02 >5000 300 <0.27 <0.12 <0.15 <0.02 4.43 2.03 2.49 0.28 Corn (sweet) 2 lb ai/ A 8 appl 3 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 3148.03 1442.85 1770.77 196.75 >5000 300 <0.63 <0.29 <0.35 <0.04 10.49 4.81 5.90 0.66 Rice, sunflower 1. 5 lb ai/ A 2 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 673.40 308.64 378.79 42.09 >5000 300 <0.13 <0.06 <0.08 <0.01 2.24 1.03 1.26 0.14 Sugar beets, wheat, millet, flax, pasture, grasses, noncropland 1.5 lb ai/ A 2 appl 14 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 632.83 290.05 355.97 39.55 >5000 300 <0.13 <0.06 <0.07 <0.01 2.11 0.97 1.19 0.13 Asparagus 2 lb ai/ A 5 appl 3 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 2138.64 980.21 1202.99 133.67 >5000 300 <0.43 <0.20 <0.24 <0.03 7.13 3.27 4.01 0.45 148 Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, mustard greens, celery, lettuce, parsley, spinach, beets, potato, carrot, horseradish, parsnip, rutabaga, salsify, sorghum 2 lb ai/ A 3 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 1261.64 578.25 709.67 78.85 >5000 300 <0.25 <0.12 <0.14 <0.02 4.21 1.93 2.37 0.26 Table 4. Avian acute and chronic RQs for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a bobwhite quail LC50 of >5000 ppm, a mallard duck NOAEC of 300 ppm, and maximum label application rates.

Uses Appl. Rate No. Appl. Interval Food Items Maximum EEC 1 (ppm) LC50 (ppm) NOAEC (ppm) Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chron. RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Cucurbits (cucumbers, melons, squash, pumpkin), trees and ornamentals 1 lb ai/ A 6 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 1047.00 479.88 588.94 65.44 >5000 300 <0.21 <0.10 <0.12 <0.01 3.49 1.60 1.96 0.22 Solanaceous (tomato, pepper, eggplant), peanuts, tobacco, sweet potato 2 lb ai/ A 4 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 1578.32 723.40 887.80 98.64 >5000 300 <0.32 <0.14 <0.18 <0.02 5.26 2.41 2.96 0.33 Legumes (beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas, soybeans) 1.5 lb ai/ A 4 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 1183.74 542.55 665.85 73.98 >5000 300 <0.24 <0.11 <0.13 <0.01 3.95 1.81 2.22 0.25 Small fruits & berries (grapes, blueberry, caneberry, cranberry, strawberry) 2 lb ai/ A 5 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 1854.01 849.75 1042.88 115.88 >5000 300 <0.37 <0.17 <0.21 <0.02 6.18 2.83 3.48 0.39 Alfalfa, clover 1. 5 lb ai/ A 8 appl 30 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 796.72 365.16 448.15 49.79 >5000 300 <0.16 <0.07 <0.09 <0.01 2.66 1.22 1.49 0.17 Rangeland 1 lb ai/ A 1 appl Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 240.00 110.00 135.00 15.00 >5000 300 <0.05 <0.02 <0.03 <0.00 0.80 0.37 0.45 0.05 Forested areas (non urban) 1 lb ai/ A 2 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 448.93 205.76 252.52 28.06 >5000 300 <0.09 <0.04 <0.05 <0.01 1.5 0.69 0.84 0.09 Turfgrass 8 lb ai/ A 2 appl 7 days Short grass Tall grass Broadleaf plants, sm. ins. Fruit, seeds, lg. insects 3591.46 1646.08 2020.19 224.47 5000 300 <0.72 <0.33 <0.40 <0.04 11.97 5.49 6.73 0.75 1 Predicted maximum residues are for a 1 lb a. i./ a application rate and are based on Hoerger and Kenaga (1972) as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994). 149 Table 5a. Avian acute and chronic risk quotients 1 for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl based on a bobwhite quail LC50 of >5000 ppm and, a mallard duck NOAEC of 300 ppm, and QUA average application rates for 70 uses Use site (Appl. Rate [lb ai/ A], No. Applications, Interval) Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC) Use Site Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50 ) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Alfalfa (1. 1, 1) Almonds (2. 1, 1) Apples (1. 2, 1) Asparagus (0. 9, 1) Beans, Dry (0. 5, 1) Beans, Lima, Fresh (0. 9, 1) Beans, Snap, Fresh (0. 9, 2, 7) Beans, Snap, Processed (0. 7, 2, 7) Beets (0. 5, 1) Blackberries (1. 7, 1) Blueberries (1. 7, 1) Broccoli (0. 8, 1) Brussels Sprouts (0. 9, 1) Chinese Cabbage (0. 2, 1) Fresh Cabbage (1. 0, 2, 7) Cantaloupes (0. 8, 1) Carrots (0. 9, 2, 7) Cauliflower (1.1, 1) Celery (1. 0, 2, 7) Cherries (1. 9, 1) Citrus, other (1. 8, 2, 14) Corn, Field (1. 0, 1) Cranberries (2. 0, 1) Cucumbers (1.1, 1) Cucumbers, Processed (0. 6, 2, 7) Eggplant (1. 0, 2, 7) Flax (1. 1, 1) Grapefruit (1. 4, 2, 14) Grapes (1. 4, 2, 7) Hay (0. 8, 1) Hazelnuts (2.5, 1) Lemons (2. 7, 1) Lettuce (1. 1, 1) Lots/ Farmsteads (0.4, 2, 14) Melons (0. 7, 1) <0.05 <0.10 <0.06 <0.04 <0.02 <0.04 <0.08 <0.06 <0.02 <0.08 <0.08 <0.04 <0.04 <0.01 <0.09 <0.04 <0.08 <0.05 <0.09 <0.09 <0.15 <0.05 <0.10 <0.05 <0.05 <0.09 <0.05 <0.12 <0.13 <0.04 <0.12 <0.13 <0.05 <0.04 <0.03 0.88 1.68 0.96 0.72 0.40 0.72 1.35 1.05 0.40 1.36 1.36 0.64 0.72 0.16 1.50 0.64 1.35 0.88 1.50 1.52 2.53 0.80 1.60 0.88 0.90 1.50 0.88 1.97 2.10 0.64 2.00 2.16 0.88 0.75 0.56 Nectarines (3.8, 1) Okra (1. 9, 1) Olives (5. 3, 1) Oranges (3. 4, 1) Pasture (0. 9, 1) Peaches (1.0, 3, 7) Peanuts (0. 8, 1) Pears (1. 0, 1, 2 Pears, Dry (1. 0, 1) Peas, Green (1. 5, 1) Pecans (1.4, 2) Peppers, Bell (0. 9, 2) Peppers, Sweet (1. 3, 1) Pistachios (3.6, 1) Plums (3. 8, 1) Potatoes (0. 8, 2) Pumpkins (2. 0, 2) Raspberries (2. 8, 1) Rice (1. 1, 1) Sorghum (1. 1, 1) Soybeans (0. 9, 1) Squash (1. 4, 1) Strawberries (1. 4, 2) Sugar Beets (1. 3, 1) Sunflower (0. 7, 1) Sweet Corn, Fresh (1. 3, 3, 3) Sweet Potatoes (1. 6, 1) Tobacco (1.1, 2,7) Tomatoes, Fresh (0. 7, 3, 7) Tomatoes, Processed (1. 2, 1) Walnuts (1. 9, 1) Watermelons (0. 5, 1) Wheat, Spring (0. 6, 1) Wheat, Winter (0. 8, 1) Woodland (0. 7, 1) <0.18 <0.09 <0.25 <0.16 <0.04 <0.13 <0.04 <0.08 <0.05 <0.07 <0.13 <0.08 <0.06 <0.17 <0.18 <0.07 <0.18 <0.13 <0.05 <0.05 <0.04 <0.07 <0.13 <0.06 <0.02 <0.18 <0.08 <0.09 <0.09 <0.06 <0.09 <0.02 <0.03 <0.04 <0.02 3.04 1.52 4.24 2.72 0.72 2.10 0.64 1.41 0.80 1.20 2.10 1.35 1.04 2.88 3.04 1.20 2.99 2.24 0.88 0.88 0.72 1.12 2.10 1.04 0.32 2.94 1.28 1.50 1.47 0.96 1.52 0.40 0.48 0.64 0.32 1 Only the highest RQs  i. e. those based on short grass EECs  are included in this table. 150 Table 5b. Avian highest acute and chronic risk quotients 1 for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl based on a bobwhite quail LC50 of >5000 ppm and, a mallard duck NOAEC of 300 ppm, and maximum reported use rates (Doane data) for 42 use sites Use site [appl. rate (lb ai/ A), No. appl] Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC) Use Site [appl. rate (lb ai/ A) No. appl] Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50 ) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Alfalfa (1. 5, 1) Almonds (4, 1) Apples (3. 2, 1) Apricots (4, 1) Asparagus (4, 1) Beans, Lima, (1. 3, 1) Beans, snap (1. 6, 1) Cabbage (2, 1) Canola (0. 5, 1) Cantaloupe (1. 2, 1) Carrots (0. 8, 1) Cauliflower (1, 1) Celery (2, 1) Cherries (5, 1) Corn, Field (1. 5, 2, 14) Cucumbers (1, 1) Grapefruit (12.8, 1) Grapes (2. 5, 1) Lemons (8, 1) Lettuce (1, 1) Oranges (15, 1) <0.07 <0.19 <0.15 <0.19 <0.19 <0.06 <0.08 <0.10 <0.02 <0.06 <0.04 <0.05 <0.10 <0.24 <0.13 <0.05 <0.61 <0.12 <0.38 <0.05 <0.72 1.2 3.2 2.6 3.2 3.2 1.0 1.3 1.6 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.8 1.6 4.0 2.1 0.8 10.2 2.0 6.4 0.8 12.0 Peaches (5,1) Peanuts (2, 1) Pears (2, 1) Pecans (3, 2, 7) Peppers (2, 1) Pistachios (5, 1) Plums (4, 1) Potatoes (1. 5, 1) Pumpkins (1. 5, 1) Rice (1. 3, 1) Sorghum (0. 5, 1) Squash (1. 2, 1) Sugar Beets (1. 2, 1) Sunflower (1, 1) Strawberries (2, 1) Sweet Corn (1. 5, 2, 3) Tobacco (2, 1) Tomatoes (2, 1) Walnuts (4, 1) Watermelons (2, 1) Wheat (1,1) <0.24 <0.10 <0.10 <0.27 <0.10 <0.24 <0.19 <0.07 <0.07 <0.06 <0.02 <0.06 <0.06 <0.05 <0.10 <0.14 <0.10 <0.10 <0.19 <0.10 <0.05 4.0 1.6 1.6 4.5 1.6 4.0 3.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.6 2.3 1.6 1.6 3.2 1.6 0.8 1 Only the highest RQs  i. e. those based on short grass EECs  are included in this table.

Risk from Exposure to Granular Products Birds may be exposed to granular pesticides by ingesting granules when foraging for food or grit. Birds may also be exposed by other routes, such as by walking on exposed granules or by drinking water contaminated with granules. The number of lethal doses (LD50) that are available within one square foot immediately after application (LD50/ ft2) is used as the risk quotient for granular/ bait products. Risk quotients are calculated for birds in three separate weight classes: 1000 g (e. g. waterfowl), 180 g (e. g. upland gamebirds), and 20 g (e. g., songbirds).

Based on a rock dove LD50 of 1,000 mg/ kg and a mallard LD50 greater than 2,000 mg/ kg, technical carbaryl can be classified as slightly to practically nontoxic to birds on an acute basis. LD50 values for carbaryl as low as 16.2 mg/ kg and 56.2 mg/ kg have been reported for the starling and the red winged blackbird, respectively (Schafer et al., 1983). Although these data are based on simple screening tests, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes, they do suggest that passerine birds may be significantly more sensitive to carbaryl exposure than non passerine birds. The registrant is strongly encouraged to submit acute oral toxicity tests with passerine avian species. 151 The acute RQs for granular carbaryl are based on a rock dove LD50 of 1,000 (Table 6). The avian acute, restricted use, and endangered species LOCs are exceeded for birds in the 20 g weight class, for all granular carbaryl uses. Although for most uses the acute LOC is not exceeded for birds in the two higher weight classes, for the trees/ ornamentals, turfgrass, and tick control uses the avian acute risk LOC is also exceeded for birds in the 180 g weight class. No acute LOCs are exceeded for birds in the 1000 g weight class for any of the granular carbaryl uses.

Table 6. Avian acute risk quotients for granular carbaryl (broadcast, unincorporated) based on LD50 for rock dove (1,000 mg/ kg)

Uses Rate in lb ai/ A LD50 (mg/ kg) Body Weight (g) Acute RQ 1 (LD50/ ft 2 )

Asparagus, Brassica crops (broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, etc.), corn (field, sweet), sorghum, Solanaceous crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant), Leafy vegetables (celery, endive, lettuce, parsley, spinach, etc.), Roots and tubers (garden beets, carrots, radishes, potatoes, etc.), strawberries 2 1000 1000 1000 20 180 1000 1.04 0.16 0.02 Cucurbits (cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash) 1 1000 1000 1000 20 180 1000 0.52 0.06 0.01 Legumes ( beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas, southern peas) , wheat, millet, sugar beets 1.5 1000 1000 1000 20 180 1000 0.78 0.09 0.02 Trees and ornamentals, turfgrass, tick control 9. 15 1000 1000 1000 20 180 1000 4.76 0.53 0.10 1 RQ = App. Rate (lb ai/ a) * (453,590 mg/ lb/ 43,560 ft 2 /a) LD50 mg/ kg * Weight of Animal (kg)

Mammalian acute and chronic risk Estimating the potential for adverse effects to wild mammals is based upon EFED's draft 1995 SOP of mammalian risk assessments and methods used by Hoerger and Kenaga (1972) as modified by Fletcher et al. (1994). The concentration of carbaryl in the diet that is expected to be acutely lethal to 50% of the test population (LC50 ) is determined by dividing the LD50 value (usually rat LD50) by the % (decimal of) body weight consumed. A risk quotient is then determined by dividing the EEC by the derived LC50 value. Risk quotients are calculated for three separate weight classes of mammals (15, 35, and 1000 g), each presumed to consume four different kinds of food (grass, forage, insects, and seeds). The acute risk quotients for broadcast applications of nongranular products are tabulated below.

Risk from Exposure to Nongranular Products Short grass 152 The mammalian acute risk LOC is exceeded for all registered nongranular carbaryl uses, at maximum label application rates, for short grass feeders with a daily food consumption equal to 95% and 66% of their body weight, with RQ values ranging from 0.76 to 12.12 and from 0.53 to 8.42, respectively (Table 7). The acute risk LOC for herbivores consuming daily 15% of their body weight are exceeded for all uses (RQs: 0.56  1.91), except for the rice, sugar beets, wheat, millet, flax, pasture, grasses, noncropland, alfalfa, clover, and rangeland use site scenarios.

Broadleaf/ forage plans and small insects The acute risk LOC is exceeded for all nongranular carbaryl uses for small mammals feeding on broadleaf/ forage plants and small insects, with RQs in the 0.80  6.82 range for mammals with a daily food consumption equal to 95% of their body weights. It is also exceeded for all uses, except rangeland, for mammals consuming 66% of their body weights (RQs: 0.55 to 4.74). For mammals consuming 15 % of their body weight, the acute risk LOC is reached or exceeded for citrus, olives, pome fruits, stone fruits, tree nuts, sweet corn, asparagus, small fruits, berries, and turfgrass (RQs: 0.52  1.08). RQs equal or exceed the acute restricted use or the endangered species LOCs for most other uses.

Fruit, pods, seeds, and large insects For small mammals consuming 95% of these food items, the acute risk LOC is exceeded for citrus, olives, tree nuts, sweet corn, and turfgrass (RQs: 0.62  0.76). For mammals consuming 66% of their body weight the acute risk LOC is exceeded only for citrus in California (RQ: 0.53). For mammals that consume 15% of their body weight, the acute risk LOC is not exceeded for any use. 153 Table 7. Mammalian (herbivore/ insectivore) acute risk quotients for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg and maximum label use rates.

Uses, Application Rate, No. Applications, Interval Body Weight (g) % Body Weight Con_ sumed LC50 (LD50/% Body Wt Con_ sumed EEC: Short Grass (ppm) EEC: Forage & Small Insects (ppm) EEC: Fruit, Seeds, Lg Insects (ppm) Acute RQ: Short Grass Acute RQ: Forage & Small Insects Acute RQ: Large Insects Citrus, 5 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 3320.98 3320.98 3320.98 1868.05 1868.05 1868.05 207.56 207.56 207.56 10.48 7.28 1.65 5.90 4.10 0.93 0.66 0.46 0.10 Citrus (California), 16 lb ai/ A, 1 appl 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 3840.00 3840.00 3840.00 2160.00 2160.00 2160.00 240.00 240.00 240.00 12.12 8.42 1.91 6.82 4.74 1.08 0.76 0.53 0.12 Olives, 7.5 lb ai/ A 2 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 3164.15 3164.15 3164.15 1779.83 1779.83 1779.83 197.76 197.76 197.76 9.99 6.94 1.58 5.62 3.90 0.89 0.62 0.43 0.10 Pome fruits (apples, etc.), 3 lb ai/ A, 5 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 2230.10 2230.10 2230.10 1254.43 1254.43 1254.43 139.38 139.38 139.38 7.04 4.89 1.11 3.96 2.75 0.63 0.44 0.31 0.07 Stone fruits (peaches, etc.), 4 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 2238.92 2238.92 2238.92 1259.39 1259.39 1259.39 139.93 139.93 139.93 7.07 4.91 1.12 3.97 2.76 0.63 0.44 0.31 0.07 Tree nuts (pistachios, etc.), 5 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 3154.09 3154.09 3154.09 1774.18 1774.18 1774.18 197.13 197.13 197.13 9.95 6.92 1.57 5.60 3.89 0.88 0.62 0.43 0.10 Corn, field, 2 lb ai/ A 4 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 1328.39 1328.39 1328.39 747.22 747.22 747.22 83.02 83.02 83.02 4.19 2.91 0.66 2.36 1.64 0.37 0.26 0.18 0.04 Corn, sweet, 2 lb ai/ A 8 appl, 3 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 3148.03 3148.03 3148.03 1770.77 1770.77 1770.77 196.75 196.75 196.75 9.94 6.90 1.57 5.59 3.88 0.88 0.62 0.43 0.10 Rice (tadpole shrimp), sunflower, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 673.40 673.40 673.40 378.79 378.79 378.79 42.09 42.09 42.09 2.13 1.48 0.34 1.20 0.83 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.02 Sugar beets, wheat, millet, flax, pasture, grasses, noncropland 1.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 632.83 632.83 632.83 355.97 355.97 355.97 39.55 39.55 39.55 2.00 1.39 0.32 1.12 0.78 0.18 0.12 0.09 0.02 Asparagus, 2 lb ai/ A, 5 appl, 3 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 2138.64 2138.64 2138.64 1202.99 1202.99 1202.99 133.67 133.67 133.67 6.75 4.69 1.07 3.80 2.64 0.60 0.42 0.29 0.07 Cucurbits (cucumbers melons, squash, etc.), trees & ornamentals, 1 lb ai/ A, 6 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 1047.00 1047.00 1047.00 588.94 588.94 588.94 65.44 65.44 65.44 3.30 2.30 0.56 1.86 1.29 0.29 0.21 0.14 0.03 154 Solanaceous (peppers, tomatoes, eggplant), sweet potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, 2 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 1578.32 1578.32 1578.32 887.80 887.80 887.80 98.64 98.64 98.64 4.98 3.46 0.79 2.80 1.95 0.44 0.31 0.22 0.05 Table 7. Mammalian (herbivore/ insectivore) acute risk quotients for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg and maximum label use rates.

Uses, Application Rate, No. Applications, Interval Body Weight (g) % Body Weight Con_ sumed LC50 (LD50/% Body Wt Con_ sumed EEC: Short Grass (ppm) EEC: Forage & Small Insects (ppm) EEC: Fruit, Seeds, Lg Insects (ppm) Acute RQ: Short Grass Acute RQ: Forage & Small Insects Acute RQ: Large Insects Leafy veg (celery, lettuce, etc.), Brassica (broccoli, cabbage, etc.), roots & tubers (carrots, potatoes, etc.), sorghum, 2 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 1261.64 1261.64 1261.64 709.67 709.67 709.67 78.85 78.85 78.85 3.98 2.77 0.63 2.24 1.56 0.35 0.25 0.17 0.04 Legumes (beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas), 1.5 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 1183.74 1183.74 1183.74 665.85 665.85 665.85 73.98 73.98 73.98 3.74 2.60 0.59 2.10 1.46 0.33 0.23 0.16 0.04 Small fruits & berries (grapes, strawberries, etc.), 2 lb ai/ A, 5 appl 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 1854.01 1854.01 1854.01 1042.88 1042.88 1042.88 115.88 115.88 115.88 5.85 4.07 0.92 3.29 2.29 0.52 0.37 0.25 0.06 Alfalfa, clover, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 10 appl, 30 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 796.72 796.72 796.72 448.15 448.15 448.15 49.79 49.79 49.79 2.53 1.76 0.40 1.42 0.99 0.22 0.16 0.11 0.02 Rangeland, 1 lb ai/ A, 1 appl 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 240.00 240.00 240.00 135.00 135.00 135.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 0.76 0.53 0.12 0.43 0.30 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.01 Forested areas non urban), 1 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 448.93 448.93 448.93 252.52 252.52 252.52 28.06 28.06 28.06 1.42 0.98 0.22 0.80 0.55 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.01 Turfgrass, 8 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 95 66 15 316.84 456.06 2006.67 3591.46 3591.46 3591.46 2020.19 2020.19 2020.19 224.47 224.47 224.47 11.34 7.87 1.79 6.38 4.43 1.01 0.71 0.49 0.11 Although neither the acute risk nor the acute restricted use LOC is exceeded for granivores for any of the nongranular carbaryl uses, the acute endangered species LOC is reached or exceeded for citrus, olives, pome and stone fruits, tree nuts, sweet corn, and turfgrass (RQs: 0.10  0.16), and for citrus, olives, tree nuts, sweet corn, and turfgrass (RQs: 0.10  0.12), for granivores with daily food consumption equal to 21% and 15% of their body weight, respectively (Table 8). No acute LOCs are exceeded for granivores which consume daily 3% of their body weight. 155 Table 8. Mammalian (granivore) acute risk quotients for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg and maximum label use rates.

Uses, Application Rate, No. Applications, Interval Body Weight (g) % Body Weight Consumed LC50 (LD50 ÷ % Body Weight Consumed) EEC: Seeds (ppm) Acute RQ: Seeds Citrus, 5 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 207.56 207.56 207.56 0.14 0.10 0.02 Citrus (California), 16 lb ai/ A, 1 appl 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 240.00 240.00 240.00 0.16 0.12 0.00 Olives, 7.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 197.76 197.76 197.76 0.14 0.10 0.02 Pome fruits (apple, pear, etc.), 3 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 139.38 139.38 139.38 0.10 0.07 0.01 Stone fruits (peach, apricot, etc.), 4 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 139.93 139.93 139.93 0.10 0.07 0.01 Tree nuts (pistachios, etc.), 5 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 197.13 197.13 197.13 0.13 0.10 0.02 Corn, field, 2 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 83.02 83.02 83.02 0.06 0.04 0.02 Corn, sweet, 2 lb ai/ A, 8 appl, 3 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 196.75 196.75 196.75 0.13 0.10 0.00 Rice, sunflower, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 42.09 42.09 42.09 0.03 0.02 0.00 Sugar beets, wheat & millet, flax, pasture, grasses, noncropland, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 14 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 39.55 39.55 39.55 0.03 0.02 0.00 Asparagus, 4 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 133.67 133.67 133.67 0.09 0.07 0.01 Brassica crops (broccoli, cabbage, etc.), leafy veg (celery, lettuce, etc.), Roots & tubers (beets, carrot, potato, etc.), sorghum, 2 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 78.85 78.85 78.85 0.05 0.04 0.01 Cucurbits (cucumbers, melons, squash, etc.), trees and ornamentals, 1 lb ai/ A, 6 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 65.44 65.44 65.44 0.04 0.03 0.01 Solanaceous (pepper, tomato, eggplant), sweet potato, peanuts, tobacco, 2 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 98.64 98.64 98.64 0.07 0.05 0.01 156 Legumes (beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas), 1.5 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 73.98 73.98 73.98 0.05 0.04 0.01 Table 8. Mammalian (granivore) acute risk quotients for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg and maximum label use rates.

Uses, Application Rate, No. Applications, Interval Body Weight (g) % Body Weight Consumed LC50 (LD50 ÷ % Body Weight Consumed) EEC: Seeds (ppm) Acute RQ: Seeds Small fruits & berries (grapes, strawberries, etc.), 2 lb ai/ A, 5 appl 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 115.88 115.88 115.88 0.08 0.06 0.01 Alfalfa, clover, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 10 appl, 30 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 49.79 49.79 49.79 0.03 0.02 0.00 Rangeland, 1 lb ai/ A, 1 appl 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 15.00 15.00 15.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 Forested areas (non urban), 1 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 28.06 28.06 28.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 Turfgrass, 8 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days 15 35 1000 21 15 3 1433.33 2000.67 10033.33 224.47 224.47 224.47 0.15 0.11 0.02 Assummarized inTable9,at maximumlabelapplicationrates, themammalianchronicLOC (1) is exceeded for all registered uses of nongranular carbaryl for all food item groups, with chronic RQ values in the range of: 3.0  48.0 (for short grasses), 1.4  22.0 (for tall grasses), and 1.7  27.0 (for broadleaf/ forage plants, small insects). The mammalian chronic LOC is exceeded for the fruits/ pods/ seeds/ large insects food items for the following uses: citrus, olives, pome and stone fruits, tree nuts, field and sweet corn, asparagus, solanaceous vegetable crops, sweet potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, small fruits and berries, and turfgrass (chronic RQs = 1.0  3.0). 157 Table 9. Mammalian chronic risk quotients for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a developmental rat NOAEC of 80 ppm and maximum label application rates Site, Application Rate, Number of Applications, Interval Food Items Peak Mean EEC (ppm) Chronic RQ (EEC)/ NOAEC)

Citrus, 5 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 14 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 3320.98 1522.12 1868.05 207.56 41.51 19.03 23.35 2.59 Citrus (California), 16 lb ai/ A, 1 appl Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 3840.00 1760.00 2160.00 240.00 48.00 22.00 27.00 3.00 Olives, 7.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 14 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 3164.15 1450.23 1779.83 197.76 39.55 18.13 22.25 2.47 Pome fruits (apples, etc.), 3 lb ai/ A, 5 appl, 14 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 2230.10 1022.13 1254.43 139.38 27.88 12.78 15.68 1.74 Stone fruits (peaches, etc.), 4 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 14 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 2238.92 1026.17 1259.39 139.93 27.99 12.83 15.74 1.75 Tree nuts (pistachios, etc.), 5 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 3154.09 1445.62 1774.18 197.13 39.43 18.07 22.18 2.46 Corn, field, 2 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 14 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 1328.39 608.85 747.22 83.02 16.60 7.61 9.34 1.04 Corn, sweet, 2 lb ai/ A, 8 appl, 3 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 3148.03 1442.85 1770.77 196.75 39.35 18.04 22.13 2.46 Rice, sunflower, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 673.40 308.64 378.79 42.09 8.42 3.86 4.73 0.53 Asparagus, 2 lb ai/ A, 5 appl, 3 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 2138.64 980.21 1202.99 133.67 26.73 12.25 15.04 1.67 Brassica crops (broccoli, cabbage, etc.), leafy veg (celery, lettuce, etc.), roots & tubers (beets, carrots, potatoes, etc.), sorghum, 2 lb ai/ A, 3 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 1261.64 578.25 709.67 78.85 15.77 7.23 8.87 0.99 158 Table 9. Mammalian chronic risk quotients for multiple applications of nongranular carbaryl (broadcast) based on a developmental rat NOAEC of 80 ppm and maximum label application rates Site, Application Rate, Number of Applications, Interval Food Items Peak Mean EEC (ppm) Chronic RQ (EEC)/ NOAEC)

Cucurbits (cucumbers melons, squash, etc.), trees and ornamentals, 1 lb ai/ A, 6 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 1047.00 479.88 588.94 65.44 13.09 6.00 7.36 0.82 Solanaceous (peppers, tomatoes, eggplant), sweet potatoes, peanuts, tobacco, 2 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 1578.32 723.40 887.80 98.64 19.73 9.04 11.10 1.23 Legumes (beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas), 1.5 lb ai/ A, 4 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 1183.74 542.55 665.85 73.98 14.80 6.78 8.32 0.92 Sugar beets, wheat, millet, flax, pasture, grasses, noncropland 1.5 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 14 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 632.83 290.05 355.97 39.55 7.91 3.63 4.45 0.49 Small fruits & berries (grapes, strawberries, etc.), 2 lb ai/ A, 5 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 1854.01 849.75 1042.88 115.88 23.18 10.62 13.04 1.45 Alfalfa, clover, 1.5 lb ai/ A, 8 appl, 30 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 796.72 365.16 448.15 49.79 9.96 4.56 5.60 0.62 Rangeland, 1 lb ai/ A, 1 appl Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 240.00 110.00 135.00 15.00 3.00 1.38 1.69 0.19 Forested areas (non urban), 1 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 448.93 205.76 252.52 28.06 5.61 2.57 3.16 0.35 Turfgrass, 8 lb ai/ A, 2 appl, 7 days Short Grass Tall Grass Broad Leaf Seed Fruit 3591.46 1646.08 2020.19 224.47 44.89 20.58 25.25 2.81 In addition to maximum label use rates, mammalian acute and chronic RQs were also calculated for nongranular carbaryl using QUA average use rates data available for for 70 uses (Table 10a) and maximum reported (Doane data) use rates data available for 42 uses (Table 10b).

As summarized in Table 10a, when RQs are based on QUA average rates, the acute risk LOC is exceeded for 63 uses, whereas the restricted use LOC is exceeded for 69 uses (not exceeded only 159 for Chinese cabbage), and the endangered species LOC is exceeded for all 70 uses. The chronic risk LOC is exceeded for 69 uses (not exceeded only for Chinese cabbage).

Table 10a. Mammalian (herbivores) highest acute and chronic risk quotients 1 for nongranular carbaryl based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg ppm, a developmental rat NOAEC of 80 ppm, and QUA average application rates for 70 uses Use site Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC) Use Site Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Alfalfa Almonds Apples Asparagus Beans, Dry Beans, Lima, Fresh Beans, Snap, Fresh Beans, Snap, Processed Beets Blackberries Blueberries Broccoli Brussels Sprouts Chinese Cabbage Fresh Cabbage Cantaloupes Carrots Cauliflower Celery Cherries Citrus, other Corn, Field Cranberries Cucumbers Cucumbers, Processed Eggplant Flax Grapefruit Grapes Hay Hazelnuts Lemons Lettuce Lots/ Farmsteads Melons 0.84 1.59 0.91 0.68 0.38 0.68 1.28 0.99 0.38 1.28 1.28 0.60 0.68 0.15 1.42 0.60 1.28 0.84 1.42 1.44 2.40 0.75 1.52 0.84 0.85 1.42 0.84 1.87 1.98 0.60 1.90 2.05 0.84 0.70 0.53 3.30 6.30 4.11 2.70 1.50 2.70 5.05 3.93 1.50 5.10 5.10 2.40 2.70 0.60 5.61 2.40 5.05 3.30 5.61 5.70 9.49 3.00 6.00 3.30 3.37 5.61 3.30 7.38 7.86 2.40 7.50 8.10 3.30 2.80 2.10 Nectarines Okra Olives Oranges Pasture Peaches Peanuts Pears Pears, Dry Peas, Green Pecans Peppers, Bell Peppers, Sweet Pistachios Plums Potatoes Pumpkins Raspberries Rice Sorghum Soybeans Squash Strawberries Sugar Beets Sunflower Sweet Corn, Fresh Sweet Potatoes Tobacco Tomatoes, Fresh Tomatoes, Processed Walnuts Watermelons Wheat, Spring Wheat, Winter Woodland 2.88 1.44 4.02 2.58 0.68 1.99 0.60 1.34 0.75 1.13 1.98 1.28 0.99 2.72 2.88 1.13 2.84 2.12 0.84 0.84 0.68 1.06 1.98 0.99 0.31 2.78 1.21 1.42 1.40 0.91 1.44 0.38 0.46 0.60 0.31 11.40 5.70 15.90 10.20 2.70 7.89 2.40 5.27 3.00 4.50 7.86 5.05 3.90 10.80 11.40 4.49 11.22 8.40 3.30 3.30 2.70 4.20 7.86 3.90 2.10 11.04 4.80 5.61 5.52 3.60 5.70 1.50 1.80 2.40 2.10 1 Only the highest RQs  i. e. those corresponding to 15 g mammals which have a daily food consumption equal to 95% of their body weight and based on short grass EECs  are included in this table.

When RQs are calculated using maximum reported application rates, the acute risk LOC is exceeded for 41 of the 42 uses (RQs: 0.60  11.36). The restricted use, endangered species, and chronic (RQs: 1.5  45) risk LOCs are exceeded for all 42 uses (Table 10b). 160 Table 10b Mammalian (herbivores) highest acute and chronic risk quotients 1 for nongranular carbaryl based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg ppm and, a developmental rat NOAEC of 80 ppm, and maximum reported use rates (Doane data) for 42 uses Use site [appl. rate (lb ai/ A), No. appl] Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC) Use Site [appl. rate (lb ai/ A) No. appl] Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Alfalfa (1. 5, 1) Almonds (4, 1) Apples (3. 2, 1) Apricots (4, 1) Asparagus (4, 1) Beans, Lima (1. 3, 1) Beans, snap (1. 6, 1) Cabbage (2, 1) Canola (0. 5, 1) Cantaloupe (1. 2, 1) Carrots (0. 8, 1) Cauliflower (1, 1) Celery (2, 1) Cherries (5, 1) Corn, Field (1. 5, 2, 14) Cucumbers (1, 1) Grapefruit (12.8, 1) Grapes (2. 5, 1) Lemons (8, 1) Lettuce (1, 1) Oranges (15, 1) 1.13 3.03 2.43 3.03 3.03 0.99 1.21 1.52 0.38 0.91 0.60 0.75 1.53 3.78 2.00 0.75 9.70 1.90 6.06 0.75 11.36 4.5 12.0 9.62 12.0 12.0 3.9 4.8 6.0 1.5 3.6 2.4 3.0 6.0 15.0 7.9 3.0 38.4 7.5 24.0 3.0 45.0 Peaches (5, 1) Peanuts (2, 1) Pears (2, 1) Pecans (3, 2, 7) Peppers (2, 1) Pistachios (5, 1) Plums (4, 1) Potatoes (1. 5, 1) Pumpkins (1. 5, 1) Rice (1. 3, 1) Sorghum (0. 5, 1) Squash (1. 2, 1) Sugar Beets (1. 2, 1) Sunflower (1, 1) Strawberries (2, 1) Sweet Corn (1. 5, 2, 3) Tobacco (2, 1) Tomatoes (2, 1) Walnuts (4, 1) Watermelons (2, 1) Wheat (1,1) 3.78 1.52 1.52 4.25 1.52 3.78 3.03 1.13 1.13 0.99 0.38 0.91 0.91 0.75 1.52 2.20 1.52 1.52 3.03 1.52 0.75 15.0 6.0 6.0 16.8 6.0 15.0 12.0 4.5 4.5 3.9 1.5 3.6 3.6 3.0 6.0 8.7 6.0 6.0 12.0 6.0 3.0 1 Only the highest RQs  i. e. those corresponding to 15 g mammals which have a daily food consumption equal to 95% of their body weight and based on short grass EECs  are included in this table.

Risk to Granular Products Mammals also may be exposed to granular/ bait pesticides through ingestion and by other routes, such as by walking on exposed granules or by drinking water contaminated with granules. The number of lethal doses (LD50) that are available within one square foot immediately after application (LD50/ ft2) is used as the risk quotient for granular/ bait products. Risk quotients are calculated for small mammals in three weight classes: 15 g, 35 g, and 1000 g.

The acute level of concern is exceeded for mammals in the 15 g and 35 g categories for all 40 registered granular uses (Table 11). For 1000 g mammals, the restricted use and endangered species LOCs are exceeded for applications to trees and ornamentals, turfgrass, and tick control. 161 Table 11. Mammalian acute risk quotients for granular carbaryl (broadcast, unincorporated) based on a rat LD50 of 301 mg/ kg Uses Rate in lb ai/ A Body Weight (g) Acute RQ 1 (LD50/ ft 2 )

Asparagus, Brassica crops (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, collards, etc.), corn (field, sweet), sorghum, solanaceous crops (tomato, pepper, eggplant), leafy vegetables (celery, lettuce, parsley, spinach, etc.), roots & tubers (beets, carrots, radishes, potatoes, etc.), strawberries 2 15 35 1000 4.61 1.98 0.07 Cucurbits (cucumber, melon, pumpkin, squash) 1 15 35 1000 2.30 0.99 0.03 Legumes ( beans, peas, lentils, cowpeas, southern peas), Wheat, millet, Sugar beets 1.5 15 35 1000 3.45 1.48 0.05 Trees and ornamentals, turfgrass, tick control 9. 15 15 35 1000 21.10 9.04 0.32 1 RQ = Appl. rate (lb ai/ a) * (453,590 mg/ lb/ 43,560 ft 2 /a) LD50 mg/ kg * weight of animal (kg)

Insects Currently EFED does not assess risk to nontarget insects. However, data from acceptable studies are used to recommend appropriate label precautions. Carbaryl, is highly toxic to domestic and wild bees and should be applied only under the conditions specified by the latest pollinator protection label language. Carbaryl has also been shown to be from moderately to highly toxic to predaceous and parasitic arthropods, including lace bugs, big eyed bugs, lady beetles, carabid ground beetles, hymenopterous parasitoids, predaceous mites, and spiders.

Terrestrial Plants There in no data to assess risk to terrestrial plants. However, based on precautionary label language about potential injury to several crop plants, the registrant needs to submit tier I and, if necessary, tier II Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence and Vegetative Vigor studies.

Exposure and Risk to Nontarget Aquatic Animals EFED calculates estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) using the PRZM/ EXAMS model. The EECs are used for assessing acute and chronic risks to aquatic organisms. Acute risk assessments are performed using peak EEC values for single and multiple applications. Chronic risk assessments are performed using the 21 day EECs for invertebrates and 56 day EECs for fish.

The PRZM/ EXAMS program uses basic environmental fate data and pesticide label application information to estimate the expected EECs following treatment of 10 hectares. The 162 model calculates the concentration (EEC) of a pesticide in a one hectare, two meter deep pond, taking into account the following: (1) adsorption to soil or sediment, (2) soil incorporation, (3) degradation in soil before washoff to a water body, and (4) degradation within the water body. The model also accounts for direct deposition of spray drift into the water body (assumed to be 1% and 5% of the application rate for ground and aerial applications, respectively). The environmental fate parameters used in the model for this pesticide are: soil KOC 211, solubility: 32 mg/ L, aerobic soil metabolism half life of 4 days, hydrolysis: stable at pH 5, 12 days at pH 7, 5 hrs at Ph9, water photolysis21days, aerobicaquaticmetabolismhalf life:4.9, anaerobicaquaticmetabolismhalf life: 4.9 days. EECs are tabulated in Table 12.

Table12.Tier IIsurfacewaterestimated environmentalconcentration(EEC)values derivedfromPRZM/EXAMS modeling for use in ecorisk assessment (Calculated using standard pond.)

Use Site, Application Method Number of Applications Per Year Application Rate (Pounds A. I. per Application) Surface Water Acute (ppb) (1 in 10 year peak single day concentration) 21 day (ppb) (1 in 10 year) 60 day (ppb) (1 in 10 year)

Sweet Corn (OH), air/ ground Maximum "Average" Maximum Reported 8 2 3 2 3.4 1 46 16 14 26 10 8 21 5 4 Field Corn (OH), air/ ground Maximum "Average" Maximum Reported 4 2 2 2 1 1.5 28 12 18 16 6 9.5 10 3 5 Apples (OR), air/ ground Maximum "Average" Maximum Reported 5 2 2 2 1.2 1.6 8.6 4.5 6.0 4.9 2.5 3 4 1 2 Sugar Beets (MN), air/ ground Maximum "Average" Maximum Reported 2 1 1 1.5 1.5 1.2 19 14 11 11 7 5 5 3 2 Citrus (FL), air/ ground Maximum "Average" Maximum Reported 4 2 3 5 3.4 4.3 274 145 232 137 67 112 79 33 55 Freshwater Fish Acuteand chronicriskquotientsfor freshwaterfish,basedon maximumlabel,QUAaverage, and maximum reported (Doane data) use rates are tabulated in Table 13. The acute risk LOC is exceeded only for the citrus scenario, for all three use rates modeled, whereas the endangered species LOC is met or exceeded for four scenarios, for all three use rates. The chronic risk LOC is is not exceeded for any use scenario, for any use rates. 163 Table 13. Risk quotients for freshwater fish based on an Atlantic salmon LC50 of 250 ppb and a fathead minnow NOAEC of 210 ppb, at maximum label use rates, QUA average use rates, and maximum reported use rates Site/ Appl. Method Use Rates LC50 (ppb) NOAEC (ppb) EEC Initial/ Peak (ppb) EEC 60 Day Ave. (ppb) Acute RQ (EEC/ LC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Sweet Corn (OH), air/ ground Maximum "Average" Max Rep 250 210 46 16 14 21 5 4 0.18 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.02 Field Corn (OH) air/ ground Maximum "Average" Max Rep 250 210 28 12 18 10 3 5 0.11 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.01 0.02 Apples (OR) air/ ground Maximum "Average" Max Rep 250 210 8.6 4.5 6.0 4 1 2 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 Sugar Beets (MN) air/ ground Maximum "Average" Max Rep 250 210 19 14 11 5 3 2 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 Citrus (FL) air/ ground Maximum "Average" Max Rep 250 210 274 145 232 79 33 55 1.10 0.58 0.93 0.38 0.16 0.26 The risk quotients for freshwater invertebrates exceed both the acute and chronic LOCs for all five use scenarios modeled, at maximum label use rates, QUA average rates, and maximum reported (Doane data) use rates (Table 14).

Table 14. Risk quotients for freshwater invertebrates based on a stonefly EC50 of 1.7 ppb and a water flea NOAEC of 1.5 ppb , at maximum label use rates, QUA average use rates, and maximum reported use rates Site/ Appl. Method Use Rates EC50 (ppb) NOAEC (ppb) EEC Initial/ Peak (ppb) EEC 21 Day Ave. (ppb) Acute RQ (EEC/ EC50) Chronic RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Sweet Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1.7 1.5 46 16 14 26 10 8 27.06 9.40 8.20 17.33 6.67 5.33 Field Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1.7 1.5 28 12 18 16 6 9.5 16.47 7.06 10.59 10.67 4.00 6.33 Apples (OR) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1.7 1.5 8. 6 4.5 6.0 4.9 2.5 3 5.06 2.65 3.30 3.27 1.67 2.00 Sugar Beets (MN) Maximum "Average" Max rep 1.7 1.5 19 14 11 11 7 5 11.18 8.24 6.47 7.33 4.67 3.33 Citrus (FL) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1.7 1.5 274 145 232 137 67 112 161.18 85.29 136.47 91.33 44.67 74.67 164 Estuarine and Marine Animals The acute risk LOC is not exceeded for any of the five use scenarios modeled using maximum label use rates, QUA average rates, and maximum reported rates (Table 15). The acute endangered species LOC is exceeded at maximum label rates for the citrus scenario. Due to the unavailability of core chronic toxicity data, it is not possible to evaluate chronic risk to estuarine/ marine fish at this time.

Table 15. Acute risk quotients for estuarine/ marine fish based on a sheepshead minnow LC50 of 2.6 ppm and label maximum and QUA average use rates, at maximum label use rates, QUA average use rates, and maximum reported use rates Site/ Appl. Method Use Rates LC50 (ppb) EEC Initial/ Peak (ppb) (Max Rates) Acute RQ (EEC/ EC50)

Sweet Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 2600 46 16 14 0.02 0.01 0.00 Field Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 2600 28 12 18 0.01 0.00 0.01 Apples (OR) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 2600 8.6 4.5 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Sugar Beets (MN) Maximum "Average" Max rep 2600 19 14 11 0.00 0.00 0.00 Citrus (FL) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 2600 274 145 232 0.10 0.06 0.09 The acute risk LOC is exceeded for all five carbaryl use scenarios modeled at maximum label use rates, QUA average rates, and maximum reported (Doane data) rates (Table 16). Due to the unavailability of core chronic toxicity data, it is not possible to evaluate chronic risk to estuarine/ marine fish or invertebrates at this time. 165 Table 16. Acute risk quotients for estuarine/ marine invertebrates based on a mysid LC50 of 5.7 ppb and three sets of use rates, at maximum label use rates, QUA average use rates, and maximum reported use rates Site/ Appl. Method Use Rates LC50 (ppb) EEC Initial/ Peak (ppb) (Max Rates) Acute RQ (EEC/ EC50) (Max Rates)

Sweet Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 5.7 46 16 14 8.07 2.81 2.46 Field Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 5.7 28 12 18 4.91 2.10 3.16 Apples (OR) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 5.7 8. 6 4.5 6.0 1.51 0.79 1.05 Sugar Beets (MN) Maximum "Average" Max rep 5.7 19 14 11 3.33 2.46 1.93 Citrus (FL) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 5.7 274 145 232 48.07 25.44 40.70 Aquatic Plants Exposure to nontarget aquatic plants may occur through runoff or spray drift from adjacent treated sites or directly from such uses as aquatic weed or mosquito larvae control. An aquatic plant risk assessment for acute risk is usually made for aquatic vascular plants from the surrogate duckweed Lemna gibba. Non vascular acute risk assessments are performed using either algae or a diatom, whichever is the most sensitive species. An aquatic plant risk assessment for acuteendangered species is usually made for aquatic vascular plants from the surrogate duckweed Lemna gibba. To date, there are no known non vascular plant species on the endangered species list. Runoff and drift exposure is computed from GENEEC. The risk quotient is determined by dividing the pesticide's initial or peak concentration in water by the plant EC50 value.

Based on a single core aquatic plant toxicity study available, neither the acute risk nor the endangered species LOC is exceeded for any of the five use scenarios modeled, at maximum label, QUA average, and maximum reported use rates (Table 17). However, to fully assess carbaryl risk to aquatic plants, it is recommended that toxicity studies with Lemna gibba, Anabaena flos aquae, Skeletonema costatum, and a freshwater diatom be submitted. 166 Table 17. Risk quotients for aquatic plants based on a green alga EC50 of 1,1 ppm and a NOAEC of 0.37 ppm, at maximum label use rates, QUA average use rates, and maximum reported use rates Site/ Appl. Method Use Rates EC50 (ppb) NOAEC (ppb) EEC Initial/ Peak (ppb) Acute RQ (EEC/ EC50) Acute Endangered Species RQ (EEC/ NOAEC)

Sweet Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1100 370 46 16 14 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.04 0.04 Field Corn (OH) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1100 370 28 12 18 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.05 Apples (OR) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1100 370 8.6 4.5 6.0 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 Sugar Beets (MN) Maximum "Average" Max rep 1100 370 19 14 11 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.03 Citrus (FL) Maximum "Average" Max Rep 1100 370 274 145 232 0.25 0.13 0.21 0.74 0.39 0.63 Endangered Species The endangered species LOC for birds is met or exceeded for 72 of 74 nongranular carbaryl uses at maximum label use rates, for 18 of 70 carbaryl uses at QUA average use rates, and for 25 of 42 maximum reported use rates.

The acute endangered species LOC for mammals is met or exceeded for all (74) uses at maximum label rates, it is exceeded for all (70) uses at QUA average rates, and it is exceeded for all (42) uses at maximum reported use rates.

Based on five use scenarios modeled (sweet corn, field corn, apples, sugar beets, and citrus) for assessing risk to aquatic organisms, the freshwater fish endangered species LOC is met or exceeded for four use scenarios, at maximumlabel, QUA average, and maximumreported use rates. The estuarine/ marine fish endangered species LOC is exceeded for one scenario (citrus), at all three use rates modeled. The endangered species LOC for both freshwater and estuarine/ marine aquatic invertebrates is exceeded for all five scenarios and all three use rates modeled.

These data indicate that over half of carbaryl uses pose an acute risk to endangered species of birds, while all uses represent an acute risk to endangered species of mammals. With regard to aquatic species, most carbaryl uses are likely to present an acute risk to endangered species of freshwater fish and aquatic invertebrates, both freshwater and marine/ estuarine species. Only the highest use rates (citrus) are likely to pose an acute risk to endangered species of marine/ estuarine fish. 167 Appendix C: Toxicity Assessment Toxicity Assessment Toxicity testing reported in this section is not representative of the wide diversity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms in the United States. Two surrogate bird species, the bobwhite quail and the mallard duck, are used to represent the 680+ species of birds found in this country. For mammals, acute studies are usually limited to the Norway rat or the house mouse. Reptiles are not tested, as these are assumed to be subject to similar toxicological effects as birds. Of approximately 100,000 species of insects, spiders, and other terrestrial arthropods, toxicity tests are usually required only for the honey bee. Only two surrogate fish species (rainbow trout and bluegill sunfish) are used to represent the over 2,000 species of freshwater fish found in this country. Amphibians are not tested, as these are assumed to be subject to similar toxicological effects as fish. One crustacean, the water flea, is used to represent all freshwater invertebrates. Estuarine/ marine animal acute toxicity testing is usually limited to a crustacean, a mollusk, and a fish.

Toxicity to Terrestrial Animals Birds, Acute and Subacute Toxicity Based on a rock dove lower 95% confidence interval LD50 of 1,000 mg/ kg and a mallard LD50 greater than 2,000 mg/ kg, technical carbaryl can be classified as slightly to practically nontoxic to birds on an acute basis (Table 1). LD50 values for carbaryl as low as 16.2 mg/ kg and 56.2 mg/ kg have been reported for the starling and the red winged blackbird, respectively (Schafer et al., 1983). Although these data are based on simple screening tests, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes, they do suggest that passerine birds may be significantly more sensitive to carbaryl exposure than non passerine birds. The registrant is strongly encouraged to submit acute oral toxicity tests with passerine avian species. The guideline 71 1 is fulfilled (MRID 00160000). 168 Table 1. Summary of avian acute oral toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai LD50 (mg/ kg) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification 1 Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) 85 > 2,564 Practically non toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Core Canada Goose Branta canadensis 50 1,790 Slightly toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Supplemental Ring necked Pheasant male (Phasianus colchicus) 95 > 2,000 Practically non toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Supplemental Ring necked Pheasant female (Phasianus colchicus) 480g/ L 707 Moderately toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Supplemental Sharp tailed grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus 85 < 1000 Slightly toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Supplemental California quail Lophortyx californicus 480 g/ L > 2000 Practically non toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Supplemental Rock Dove (Columba livia) 85 1,000  3000 2 Slightly toxic to Practically non toxic 00160000 Hudson et al. (1984) Supplemental 1 Core study satisfies guideline requirements. Supplemental study is scientifically sound, but does not satisfy guidelines. 2 95% confidence interval Two subacute dietary studies using the TGAI are required to establish the toxicity of carbaryl to birds. The preferred test species are mallard duck and bobwhite quail. Results of these tests are summarized in Table 2. The LC50 is higher than 5000 ppm for both species. Therefore, carbaryl is categorized as practically nontoxic to avian species on a subacute dietary basis. An LC50 greater than 10,000 ppm has been reported by Hill and Camardese (1986), confirming that carbaryl's low toxicity to birds on a subacture, dietary basis. The guideline 71 2 is fulfilled (MRID 00028757, 00022923).

Table 2 : Summary of avian subacute dietary toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai 5 Day LC50 (ppm) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Ring necked Pheasant (Phasianus calchicus) 99.8 > 5,000 practically non toxic 00028757 Hill et al. (1975) Core Northern bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) 99.8 > 5,000 Practically non toxic 00028757 Hill et al. (1975) Core Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) 99.8. > 5,000 Practically non toxic 00022923 Hill et al. (1975) Supplemental Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) 99.8 > 5000 Practically non toxic 00022923 Hill et al. (1975) Core According to the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) database summarizing 6( a) 2 incident reports, bird kills attributed to carbaryl and involving blackbirds, ducks, starlings, grackles 169 turkey, and cardinals have been reported in Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, North Carolina and Michigan (# 1002048 001, #1000802 001, #1007720 020, ## 1000799 003, #1004375 004) .

Birds, Chronic Toxicity Exposure to carbaryl at levels equal to or greater than 1000 ppm in the mallard duck results in adverse reproductive effects, such as decreased number of eggs produced, increased number of cracked eggs, and decreased fertility (Table 3). Guideline 71 4 is fulfilled (ACC263701; MRID 00160044).

Table 3. Summary of avian reproduction toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai NOAEC (ppm) LOAC Endpoints MRID. No. Author/ Year Study Classification Northern bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) 99.9 > 3,000 N/ A 00160044 Fletcher (1986) Core Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) 99.9 300 Number of eggs produced ACC263701 Fletcher (1986) Core Mammals, Acute and Chronic As shown in Table 4, carbaryl is categorized as moderately toxic to small mammals on an acute oral basis (LD50 = 301 mg/ kg). Although at this time two generation rat reproduction study data are not available, a LOAEC of 600 ppm and a NOAEC of 80 ppm, based on decreased fetal body weights and increased incomplete ossification of multiple bones (from a rat prenatal development study, MRID# 44732901), suggest that carbaryl has the potential for chronic effects in mammals.

Table 4. Summary of mammalian toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai Test Type Toxicity Value Affected Endpoints MRID No.

Laboratory Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 99.0% Acute oral LD50 = 301.0 mg/ kg Morbidity 00148500 Laboratory Rat (Rattus norvegicus) 99.0% Prenatal Development NOAEC/ LOAEC 80 / 600 ppm Decreased fetal body weights and incomplete ossification of multiple bones 44732901 Domestic Dog (Canis familiaris) 99.0% Chronic NOAEC/ LOAEC 45 / 125 ppm Decreased plasma cholinesterase 40166701 42022801 Incidents involving small mammal kills (squirrels, ground squirrel, mole, rabbit) have been recorded in South Carolina and Virginia (# 1000504 039, #1000504 039). 170 Insect Toxicity Technical carbaryl is categorized as highly toxic to bees on an acute contact basis (Table 5). Guideline 141 1 is fulfilled (MRID 00036935, 05001991, 05004151).

Table 5. Summary of honey bee acute contact toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai Contact LD50 (µg/ bee) Oral LC50 (µg/ bee) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) tech. 1. 3 0.14 Highly toxic 05001991 Stevenson (1978) Core Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) tech 2.0  Highly toxic 00036935 Atkins et al. (1975) Core Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) tech 1.1 0. 11 Highly toxic 05004151 Stevenson (1968) Core The topical LD50 for alfalfa leaf cutter bee (Megachile pacifica = M. rotundata) = 262.4 µg/ g (05015678) ( Lee & Brindley 1974). However, exposing leaf cutter bees (Megachilidae), alkali bees (Halictidae), and honey bees (Apidae) to 24 hr residues from 80% WP carbaryl applied at the rate of 1 lb/ acre resulted, respectively, in a 85%, 78%, and 69% mortality rate (Johansen 1972) (ID #05000837). Some carbaryl formulations can be highly toxic to bees exposed to direct application, i. e. when bees are actively visiting blooming crops or weeds. Residual toxicity varies with the crops and weather conditions.

Carbaryl can also be from moderately to highly toxic to predaceous arthropods. These include lace bugs (Nabidae) (MRID #05010807), big eyed bugs (Geocoridae: Geocoris) (MRID #05010807, ), lady beetles (Coccinellidae: Coccinella, Cryptolaemus, Hippodamia, Lindorus, Rhodolia, Stethorus) (MRID #05013372, 05003978, 05005640), ground beetles (Carabidae: Scarites, Pterostichus, Bembidion, Harpalus) (MRID #05008149), hymenopterous parasitoids (Aphytis, Metaphycus, Spalangia, Leptomastix) (MRID #05003978, 05005640), predaceous mites (Amblyseius, Typhlodromus) (MRID #05004148, 05013359, 05009346), and spiders (MRID #05010807). Bee kill incidents have been reported for North Carolina, California, and Washington (# 1003826 016, #1003226 021, #1005855 001, #1001611 002).

Toxicity to Freshwater Aquatic Animals Freshwater Fish, Acute Results of toxicity tests with freshwater fish are tabulated in Table 6. Since the LC50 values for the species tested are in the 0.25  20.0 ppm range, carbaryl can therefore range from highly to slightly toxic to freshwater fish on an acute basis. Guidelines 72 1( a) and 72 1( c) are fulfilled (MRID 40098001, 00043115). 171 Table 6. Summary of freshwater fish acute toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai 96 hour LC50 (ppm) (nominal) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 99.5 1. 2 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytacha) 99.5 2. 4 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Supplemental Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 99.9 14.0 Slightly Toxic 00043115 McCann et al (1969) Core Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 99.9 5. 04 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) 99.9 7. 79 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 99.5 7. 7 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) 99.5 2. 6 Moderately Toxic 40094602 Johnson & Finley (1986) Core Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) 99.5 0. 25 Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) 99.5 6. 3 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) 99.5 3. 0 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) 99.5 0. 69 Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) 99.5 2. 4 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Yellow Pearch (Percs flavescens) 99.5 0. 35 Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) 99.5 0. 97 Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) 99.5 6. 4 Moderately Toxic 40094602 Johnson & Finley (1980) Core Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) 99.5 9. 5 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Black Bullhead (Ictalurus melas) 99.5 20.0 Slightly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Longnose Killifish (Fundulus similis) 99.7 1. 6 Moderately Toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 99.5 5. 3 Moderately Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core 172 Toxicity was determined for the typical end use product as well, with all LC50 values, except one, ranging from 1.4 to 49 ppm, which indicates that carbaryl can be classified as slightly to moderately toxic to freshwater fish (Table 7). Guidelines (b) and 72 1( d) are fulfilled (MRID #s 00059202, 00042381, 00151519, 00151417, 42397901, 00124383, 00124391).

Table 7. Summary of freshwater fish acute toxicity for carbaryl (typical end use product)

Species % ai 96 hr LC50 (ppm) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 44 1.4 Moderately Toxic 00151417 Sousa (1985) Core Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 81.5 3. 3 Moderately Toxic 42397901 Lintott (1992) Core Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 50 3.45 Moderately Toxic 00124383 McCann (1971) Core Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 50 4.5 Moderately Toxic 00124383 McCann (1971) Core Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 30 49.0 Slightly Toxic 00059202 Mc Caan (1970) Core Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 5 290.0 Practically Nontoxic 00042381 McCann (1968) Core Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 44 9.8 Moderately Toxic 00151519 Sousa (1985) Core Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 50 22.0 Slightly Toxic 00124391 McCann (1971) Core Freshwater Fish, Chronic Results of the required early life stage with fish are summarized in Table 8, show that carbaryl has high potential for chronic toxicity to freshwater fish. Exposure to 680 ppb can result in growth effects to young. The guideline requirement 72 4( a) for freshwater fish is fulfilled (TOUCARO5).

Table 8. Summary of freshwater fish life cycle toxicity under flow through conditions for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai NOAEC/ LOAC (ppm) Endpoints Affected MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) 99 0.21/ 0.68 Reproduction TOUCARO5 Carlson (1972) Core Amphibians 173 According to a supplemental study with an end use product containing 50% carbaryl (MRID 00160000), the LD50 for, the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) is greater than 4,000 mg/ kg, or practically nontoxic.

Freshwater Invertebrates, Acute Since the EC50 falls in the range of 1.7  26 ppb, carbaryl is categorized as very highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates on an acute basis (Table 9). Toxicity studies with the typical end use product show that carbaryl is very highly toxic to daphnids, with an EC50 in the 4.29  13.0 ppb range (Table 10). Guideline 72 2 is fulfilled (MRID #s 40098001, 42397902, 42397903).

Table 9. Summary of freshwater invertebrate acute toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species/ Static or Flowthrough % ai 48 hour EC50 (ppb) (nominal) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Water flea (Daphnia magna) 99.5 5. 6 Very Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Stonefly (Classenia sabulosa) 99.5 96hr LC50= 5.6 Very Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Supplemental Stonefly (Isogenus sp.) 99.5 96hr LC50= 3.6 Very Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Supplemental Stonefly (Pteronarcella badia) 99.5 96hr LC50= 1.7 Very Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Supplemental Scud (Gammarus fasciatus) 99.5 96hr EC50= 26 Very Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Core Table 10. Acute toxicity to invertebrates (TEP)

Species % ai 48 hour EC50 (ppb) Toxicity category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Water flea (Daphnia magna) 49.0% 7.1 Very highly toxic 00150538 Nicholson and Surprenant (1985) Supplemental Water flea (Daphnia magna) 43.9% 13.0 Very highly toxic 00150540 Nicholson and Surprenant (1985) Supplemental Water flea (Daphnia magna) 47.3% 4.29 Very highly toxic 42432401 Lintott (1992) Supplemental Water flea (Daphnia magna) 43.7% 6.66 Very highly toxic 42397902 Lintott (1992) Core 174 Water flea (Daphnia magna) 81.5% 7.2 Very highly toxic 42397903 Lintott (1992) Core Freshwater Invertebrate, Chronic A 21 day toxicity study preformed with the water flea estimated a NOAEC and a LOAEC of 1.5 ppb and 3.3 ppb, respectively, based on affected reproduction (Table 11). Guideline 72 4( b) for freshwater invertebrates is fulfilled (MRID 00150901).

Table 11. Summary of freshwater aquatic invertebrate life cycle toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai 21 day NOAEC/ LOAEC (ppb) Endpoints Affected MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Water flea (Daphnia magna) 99.0% 1.5/ 3.3 Reproduction 00150901 Surprenant (1985) Core Toxicity to Estuarine and Marine Animals Estuarine/ Marine Fish, Acute Since the minnow LC50 is 2.6 ppm (Table 12), carbaryl is categorized as moderately toxic to estuarine/ marine fish on an acute basis. The guideline 72 3( a) is fulfilled (MRID 42372801).

Table 12. Summary of estuarine/ marine fish acute toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species/ Static % ai 96 hour LC50 (ppm) (nominal) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) 99 2.2 Moderately Toxic 00150539 Sousa and Surprenant (1985) Supplemental Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) 99.7% 2.6 Moderately Toxicc 42372801 Lintott (1992) Core Estuarine and Marine Fish, Chronic An estuarine/ marine fish early life stage toxicity test using the TGAI is required for carbaryl because the end use product is expected to be transported to this environment from the intended use site. Carbaryl is registered for ghost and mud shrimp control in oyster beds in Washington and has the potential to affect nontarget fish and invertebrates outside the application sites. In addition, the pesticide uses are such that its presence in water is likely to be continuous (multiple applications), 175 and chronic concerns have been noted for freshwater fish and marine and freshwater. At this point, the guideline 72 4( a) for estuarine/ marine fish is not fulfilled.

Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates, Acute As shown in Table 13, the 96 hour mysid shrimp LC50 for technical carbaryl falls is 5.7 ppb (MRID 42343401). Thus, this chemical is categorized as very highly toxic to estuarine/ marine shrimp species on an acute basis. By contrast, carbaryl is moderately toxicity to the oyster (LC50 = 2.7 ppm, MRID 00148221). Guidelines 72 3( b) and 72 3( c) are fulfilled.

Table 13. Summary of estuarine/ marine invertebrate acute toxicity for technical grade carbaryl Species % ai. 48 hour LC50 (ppb) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Brown Shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) 99.7 1. 5 Very Highly Toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 99 96 hr LC50 = 6.7 Very Highly Toxic 00150544 Hoberg and Surprenant (1985) Supplemental Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 99.7 96 hr LC50 = 5.7 Very Highly Toxic 42343401 Lintott (1992) Core Glass Shrimp (Palaemonetes kadiakensis) 99.5 5. 6 Very Highly Toxic 40098001 Mayer & Ellersieck (1986) Supplemental Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) 99.7 28 Very Highly Toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Pink Shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) 99.7 32 Very Highly Toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 99.7 96 hr LC50> 2 Very Highly Toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Core Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 99 2700 Moderately Toxic 00148221 Surprenant, et al. (1985) Core Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus) 99.7 320 Highly Toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Fairy Shrimp 95.3% 170 Highly toxic 40094602 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Eastern Oyster (Crassostria virginica) 95.0% >1,000 Moderately toxic 40228401 Mayer (1986) Supplemental Results of toxicity testing using the typical end use product are summarized in Table 14. Carbaryl TEPs are highly toxic to mysids, LC50 values ranging from 9.3 to 20.2 ppb (MRID #s 42397904, 42565601, and 42343402), and slightly toxic to oysters (LC50 = 23.6 ppm, MRID 42597301). Guidelines 72 3( e) and 72 3( f) are fulfilled. 176 Table 14. Summary of estuarine/ marine invertebrate acute toxicity for TEP Species % ai. 48 hour LC50 (ppb) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 81.5 9. 6 Very Highly Toxic 42397904 Lintott (1992) Core Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 81.5 9. 3 Very Highly Toxic 42565601 McElwee and Lintott (1992) Core Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 43.7% 96 hr LC50 = 20.2 Very Highly Toxic 42343402 Lintott (1992) Core Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 43.3% 96 hr LC50 = 23,600 Slightly Toxic 42597301 Lintott (1992) Supplemental Estuarine and Marine Invertebrate, Chronic There are no available chronic toxicity data for estuarine/ marine invertebrates. The guideline 72 4( b) for estuarine/ marine invertebrates is no fulfilled.

1 Naphthol Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms The major metabolite of carbaryl degradation by abiotic and microbially mediated processes is 1 naphthol. As summarized in Table 15, 1 naphthol is categorized as moderately to highly toxic to aquatic organisms on an acute basis, LC50 values ranging from 0.75 to 1.6 ppm for freshwater fish, from 1.2 to 1.8 ppm for estuarine/ marine fish, from 0.70 to 0.73 ppm for freshwater invertebrates, and from 0.21 to 2.5 ppm for estuarine/ marine invertebrates.

Terrestrial Plants Toxicity testing of terrestrial plants is required for non herbicide pesticides when the label warns that nontarget plants could be adversely affected. Carbaryl can be used as a fruit thinning agent on apples and pears. However, the label cautions that the product may result in fruit deformity under certain environmental conditions. The label also cautions that application to wet foliage or during periods of high humidity may cause injury to tender foliage. Label language indicates that carbaryl should not be used on Boston ivy, Virginia creeper, and maidenhair fern due to potential injury. Incidents have also been recorded for vegetable crops (tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, broccoli, pumpkin, squash, cucumbers) in New York and Pennsylvania (# 1009262 128; #1009305 001). Guideline 122 1 is not fulfilled. 177 Table 15 Summary of aquatic organisms acute toxicity for carbaryl degradate alpha naphthol Species 96 hour LC50 (ppm) (nominal) Toxicity Category MRID No. Author/ Year Study Classification Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 1.4 Moderately Toxic 40955204 Surprenant (1988) Core Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 1.6 Moderately Toxic 00164307 Surprenant (1986) Supplemental Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 0.76 Highly Toxic 40955203 Surprenant (1988) Core Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) 0.75 Highly Toxic 00164305 Surprenant (1986) Supplemental Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) 1.2 Moderately Toxic 40955201 Surprenant (1988) Core Sheepshead Minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) 1.8 Moderately Toxic 00164306 Surprenant (1986) Supplemental Waterflea (Daphnia magna) 48 hr LC50 = 0.73 Highly Toxic 40955205 Surprenant (1988) Core Waterflea (Daphnia magna) 48 hr LC50 = 0.70 Highly Toxic 00164310 Surprenant (1986) Supplemental Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 0.21 Highly Toxic 40955202 Surprenant (1988) Core Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia) 0.20 Highly Toxic 00164309 Surprenant (1986) Supplemental Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) 48 hr LC50 = 2.1 Moderately Toxic 00164308 Surprenant (1986) Core Aquatic Plants Aquatic plant testing is recommended for all pesticides having outdoor uses (Keehner. July 1999). The tests are performed on species from a cross section of the nontarget aquatic plant population. The preferred test species are duckweed (Lemna gibba), marine diatom (Skeletonema costatum), freshwater blue green algae (Anabaena flos aquae), freshwater green alga (Selenastrum capricornutum), and a freshwater diatom. Toxicity testing for aquatic plant species is required for carbaryl because of its registered forestry uses. Data based on a single available core toxicity study with the green alga Pseudokirchneria subcapitata (formerly Selenastrum capricornutum) indicates that the LC50 and NOAEC are, respectively, 1.1 ppm and 0.37 ppm (MRID #42372802). Guideline 122 2 is not fulfilled. 178 Appendix D: ELL FATE  Description and example worksheet ELL Fate Version 1.2 Developed by Laurence Libelo. February, 1999 This spreadsheet based model calculates the decay of a chemical applied to foliar surfaces for single or multiple applications. I t uses the same principle as the batch code models FATE and TERREEC for calculating terrestrial estimates exposure (TEEC) concentrations on plant surfaces following application.

A first order decay assumption is used to determine the concentration at each day after initial application based on the concentration resulting from the initial and additional applications. The decay is calculated by from the first order rate equation:

CT = Cie kT or in integrated form:

ln (CT/ Ci) = kT Where CT = concentration at time T Ci = initial concentration k = reaction rate constant T = time The program calculates concentration on each type of surface on a daily interval for one year. The maximum concentration during the year and the average concentration during the first 56 days are calculated.

The inputs used to calculate the amount of the chemical present are in highlighted in yellow on the spread sheet. Outputs are in blue. The inputs required are:

Application Rate: Half life: Frequency of Application: Maximum # Application per year:

The calculated concentrations are used to calculate Avian and Mammalian RQ values. The maximum calculated concentration is divided by user input values of Chronic No Observable Adverse Effects Level and acute LC50 to give RQs for each type of plant surface.

The rat LC 50 is calculated by dividing the mammalian LD 50 by 0.05 (to correct for actual food consumption)

For 15g, 35g and 1000 g mammals the RQ values are calculated by dividing the maximum concentration for each surface by the LD 50 or NOAEL corrected for consumption (0.95, 0.66 and .15 body wt. for herbivores and ) insectivores and 0.21, 0.15 and 0.3 body wt. for granivore) The number of days that the input value of Chronic No Observable Adverse Effects Level and acute LC50 are exceeded in the first 56 days is calculated by comparing the input value to the calculated concentration.

A graph of concentration on each plant surface vs time is plotted and a "level of concern" line can be added at a user specified level.

The maximum single application which can be applied and not exceed the toxicity input values if calculated by dividing the input value by the Kenaga maximum concentration for Short Grass (240). 179

Carbaryl Chemical Name: Citrus Use Formulation Inputs lbs a. i./ acre 5 Application Rate days 35 Half life days 14 Frequency of Application 4 Maximum # Apps./ Year Outputs 56 day Average Maximum Concentration Concentration (PPM)

(PPM) 2079.15 3320.98 Short Grass # days 952.94 1522.12 Tall Grass Exceeded 1169.52 1868.05 Broadleaf plants/ Insects on short grass 129.95 207.56 Seeds (in first 56) 0 5000 Acute LC 50 (ppm)

Avian Max Single Application 56 300 Chronic NOAEC (ppm) which does NOT exceed 20.833 Avian Acute Chronic RQ Acute RQ (lb a. i.)

1.250 Avian Chronic (Max. res. mult. apps.)

11.07 0.66 Short Grass 8.36 Mammalian Acute # days 5.07 0.30 Tall Grass 0.33 Mammalian Chronic Exceeded 6.23 0.37 Broadleaf plants/ Insects on short grass 0.69 0.04 Seeds (in first 56) 6020 Rat Calculated LC 50 (ppm)

56 301 Acute LD 50 (mg/ kg)

Mammalian 56 80 Chronic NOAEL (mg/ kg) 1000 g mammal 35 g mammal 15 g mammal Rat Chronic Rat Acute Dietary Dietary Acute RQ Acute RQ Acute RQ RQ RQ (mult. apps)

(mult. apps)