guardrails/railings/grabrails. These devices must meet the following
criteria:
    (i) Steps, handholds, ladders and guardrails/railings/grabrails
must meet the criteria of SAE J185 (May 2003) (incorporated by
reference, see Sec.  1926.6) or ISO 11660-2:1994(E) (incorporated by
reference, see Sec.  1926.6) except where infeasible.
    (ii) Walking/stepping surfaces, except for crawler treads, must
have slip-resistant features/properties (such as diamond plate metal,
strategically placed grip tape, expanded metal, or slip-resistant
paint).
    (4) Tower cranes manufactured after November 8, 2011 must be
equipped so as to provide safe access and egress between the ground and
the cab, machinery platforms, and tower (mast), by the provision of
devices such as steps, handholds, ladders, and guardrails/railings/
grabrails. These devices must meet the following criteria:
    (i) Steps, handholds, ladders, and guardrails/railings/grabrails
must meet the criteria of ISO 11660-1:2008(E) (incorporated by
reference, see Sec.  1926.6) and ISO 11660-3:2008(E) (incorporated by
reference, see Sec.  1926.6) or SAE J185 (May 2003) (incorporated by
reference, see Sec.  1926.6) except where infeasible.
    (ii) Walking/stepping surfaces must have slip-resistant features/
properties (such as diamond plate metal, strategically placed grip
tape, expanded metal, or slip-resistant paint).
    (d) Personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems. Personal fall
arrest system components must be used in personal fall arrest and fall
restraint systems and must conform to the criteria in Sec.  1926.502(d)
except that Sec.  1926.502(d)(15) does not apply to components used in
personal fall arrest and fall restraint systems. Either body belts or
body harnesses must be used in personal fall arrest and fall restraint
systems.
    (e) For non-assembly/disassembly work, the employer must provide
and ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are
on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than
6 feet above a lower level as follows:
    (1) When moving point-to-point:
    (i) On non-lattice booms (whether horizontal or not horizontal).
    (ii) On lattice booms that are not horizontal.
    (iii) On horizontal lattice booms where the fall distance is 15
feet or more.
    (2) While at a work station on any part of the equipment (including
the boom, of any type), except when the employee is at or near draw-
works (when the equipment is running), in the cab, or on the deck.
    (f) For assembly/disassembly work, the employer must provide and
ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees who are on a
walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge more than 15
feet above a lower level, except when the employee is at or near draw-
works (when the equipment is running), in the cab, or on the deck.
    (g) Anchorage criteria.
    (1) Sections 1926.502(d)(15) and 1926.502(e)(2) apply to equipment
covered by this subpart only to the extent delineated in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
    (2) Anchorages for personal fall arrest and positioning device
systems.
    (i) Personal fall arrest systems must be anchored to any apparently
substantial part of the equipment unless a competent person, from a
visual inspection, without an engineering analysis, would conclude that
the criteria in Sec.  1926.502(d)(15) would not be met.
    (ii) Positioning device systems must be anchored to any apparently
substantial part of the equipment unless a competent person, from a
visual inspection, without an engineering analysis, would conclude that
the criteria in Sec.  1926.502(e)(2) would not be met.
    (iii) Attachable anchor devices (portable anchor devices that are
attached to the equipment) must meet the anchorage criteria in Sec.
1926.502(d)(15) for personal fall arrest systems and Sec.
1926.502(e)(2) for positioning device systems.
    (3) Anchorages for fall restraint systems. Fall restraint systems
must be anchored to any part of the equipment that is capable of
withstanding twice the maximum load that an employee may impose on it
during reasonably anticipated conditions of use.
    (h) Tower cranes.
    (1) For work other than erecting, climbing, and dismantling, the
employer must provide and ensure the use of fall protection equipment
for employees who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected
side or edge more than 6 feet above a lower level, except when the
employee is at or near draw-works (when the equipment is running), in
the cab, or on the deck.
    (2) For erecting, climbing, and dismantling work, the employer must
provide and ensure the use of fall protection equipment for employees
who are on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge
more than 15 feet above a lower level.
    (i) [Reserved.]
    (j) Anchoring to the load line. A personal fall arrest system is
permitted to be anchored to the crane/derrick's hook (or other part of
the load line) where all of the following requirements are met:
    (1) A qualified person has determined that the set-up and rated
capacity of the crane/derrick (including the hook, load line and
rigging) meets or exceeds the requirements in Sec.  1926.502(d)(15).
    (2) The equipment operator must be at the work site and informed
that the equipment is being used for this purpose.
    (3) No load is suspended from the load line when the personal fall
arrest system is anchored to the crane/derrick's hook (or other part of
the load line).
    (k) Training. The employer must train each employee who may be
exposed to fall hazards while on, or hoisted by, equipment covered by
this subpart on all of the following:
    (1) the requirements in this subpart that address fall protection.
    (2) the applicable requirements in Sec. Sec.  1926.500 and
1926.502.

Sec.  1926.1424  Work area control.

    (a) Swing radius hazards.
    (1) The requirements in paragraph (a)(2) of this section apply
where there are accessible areas in which the equipment's rotating
superstructure (whether permanently or temporarily

mounted) poses a reasonably foreseeable risk of:
    (i) Striking and injuring an employee; or
    (ii) Pinching/crushing an employee against another part of the
equipment or another object.
    (2) To prevent employees from entering these hazard areas, the
employer must:
    (i) Train each employee assigned to work on or near the equipment
(``authorized personnel'') in how to recognize struck-by and pinch/
crush hazard areas posed by the rotating superstructure.
    (ii) Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or
similar barriers to mark the boundaries of the hazard areas. Exception:
When the employer can demonstrate that it is neither feasible to erect
such barriers on the ground nor on the equipment, the hazard areas must
be clearly marked by a combination of warning signs (such as ``Danger--
Swing/Crush Zone'') and high visibility markings on the equipment that
identify the hazard areas. In addition, the employer must train each
employee to understand what these markings signify.
    (3) Protecting employees in the hazard area.
    (i) Before an employee goes to a location in the hazard area that
is out of view of the operator, the employee (or someone instructed by
the employee) must ensure that the operator is informed that he/she is
going to that location.
    (ii) Where the operator knows that an employee went to a location
covered by paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the operator must not
rotate the superstructure until the operator is informed in accordance
with a pre-arranged system of communication that the employee is in a
safe position.
    (b) Where any part of a crane/derrick is within the working radius
of another crane/derrick, the controlling entity must institute a
system to coordinate operations. If there is no controlling entity, the
employer (if there is only one employer operating the multiple pieces
of equipment), or employers, must institute such a system.

Sec.  1926.1425  Keeping clear of the load.

    (a) Where available, hoisting routes that minimize the exposure of
employees to hoisted loads must be used, to the extent consistent with
public safety.
    (b) While the operator is not moving a suspended load, no employee
must be within the fall zone, except for employees:
    (1) Engaged in hooking, unhooking or guiding a load;
    (2) Engaged in the initial attachment of the load to a component or
structure; or
    (3) Operating a concrete hopper or concrete bucket.
    (c) When employees are engaged in hooking, unhooking, or guiding
the load, or in the initial connection of a load to a component or
structure and are within the fall zone, all of the following criteria
must be met:
    (1) The materials being hoisted must be rigged to prevent
unintentional displacement.
    (2) Hooks with self-closing latches or their equivalent must be
used. Exception: ``J'' hooks are permitted to be used for setting
wooden trusses.
    (3) The materials must be rigged by a qualified rigger.
    (d) Receiving a load. Only employees needed to receive a load are
permitted to be within the fall zone when a load is being landed.
    (e) During a tilt-up or tilt-down operation:
    (1) No employee must be directly under the load.
    (2) Only employees essential to the operation are permitted in the
fall zone (but not directly under the load). An employee is essential
to the operation if the employee is conducting one of the following
operations and the employer can demonstrate it is infeasible for the
employee to perform that operation from outside the fall zone: (1)
Physically guide the load; (2) closely monitor and give instructions
regarding the load's movement; or (3) either detach it from or
initially attach it to another component or structure (such as, but not
limited to, making an initial connection or installing bracing).

    Note:  Boom free fall is prohibited when an employee is in the
fall zone of the boom or load, and load line free fall is prohibited
when an employee is directly under the load; see Sec.  1926.1426.

Sec.  1926.1426  Free fall and controlled load lowering.

    (a) Boom free fall prohibitions.
    (1) The use of equipment in which the boom is designed to free fall
(live boom) is prohibited in each of the following circumstances:
    (i) An employee is in the fall zone of the boom or load.
    (ii) An employee is being hoisted.
    (iii) The load or boom is directly over a power line, or over any
part of the area extending the Table A of Sec.  1926.1408 clearance
distance to each side of the power line; or any part of the area
extending the Table A clearance distance to each side of the power line
is within the radius of vertical travel of the boom or the load.
    (iv) The load is over a shaft, except where there are no employees
in the shaft.
    (v) The load is over a cofferdam, except where there are no
employees in the fall zone of the boom or the load.
    (vi) Lifting operations are taking place in a refinery or tank
farm.
    (2) The use of equipment in which the boom is designed to free fall
(live boom) is permitted only where none of the circumstances listed in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section are present and:
    (i) The equipment was manufactured prior to October 31, 1984; or
    (ii) The equipment is a floating crane/derrick or a land crane/
derrick on a vessel/flotation device.
    (b) Preventing boom free fall. Where the use of equipment with a
boom that is designed to free fall (live boom) is prohibited, the boom
hoist must have a secondary mechanism or device designed to prevent the
boom from falling in the event the primary system used to hold or
regulate the boom hoist fails, as follows:
    (1) Friction drums must have:
    (i) A friction clutch and, in addition, a braking device, to allow
for controlled boom lowering.
    (ii) A secondary braking or locking device, which is manually or
automatically engaged, to back-up the primary brake while the boom is
held (such as a secondary friction brake or a ratchet and pawl device).
    (2) Hydraulic drums must have an integrally mounted holding device
or internal static brake to prevent boom hoist movement in the event of
hydraulic failure.
    (3) Neither clutches nor hydraulic motors must be considered brake
or locking devices for purposes of this subpart.
    (4) Hydraulic boom cylinders must have an integrally mounted
holding device.
    (c) Preventing uncontrolled retraction. Hydraulic telescoping booms
must have an integrally mounted holding device to prevent the boom from
retracting in the event of hydraulic failure.
    (d) Load line free fall. In each of the following circumstances,
controlled load lowering is required and free fall of the load line
hoist is prohibited:
    (1) An employee is directly under the load.
    (2) An employee is being hoisted.
    (3) The load is directly over a power line, or over any part of the
area extending the Table A of Sec.  1926.1408 clearance distance to
each side of the power line; or any part of the area extending the
Table A of Sec.  1926.1408

clearance distance to each side of the power line is within the radius
of vertical travel of the load.
    (4) The load is over a shaft.
    (5) The load is over a cofferdam, except where there are no
employees in the fall zone of the load.

Sec.  1926.1427  Operator qualification and certification.

    (a) The employer must ensure that, prior to operating any equipment
covered under subpart CC, the person is operating the equipment during
a training period in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section, or
the operator is qualified or certified to operate the equipment in
accordance with the following:
    (1) When a non-military government entity issues operator licenses
for equipment covered under subpart CC, and that government licensing
program meets the requirements of paragraphs (e)(2) and (j) of this
section, the equipment operator must either be:
    (i) Licensed by that government entity for operation of equipment
within that entity's jurisdiction; or
    (ii) qualified in compliance with paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) Where paragraph (a)(1) of this section is not applicable, the
certification or qualification must comply with one of the options in
paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section.
    (3) Exceptions: Operator qualification or certification under this
section is not required for operators of derricks (see Sec.
1926.1436), sideboom cranes (see Sec.  1926.1440), or equipment with a
maximum manufacturer-rated hoisting/lifting capacity of 2,000 pounds or
less (see Sec.  1926.1441).
    (4) Whenever operator qualification or certification is required
under Sec.  1926.1427, the employer must provide the qualification or
certification at no cost to operators who are employed by the employer
on November 8, 2010.
    (b) Option (1): Certification by an accredited crane operator
testing organization.
    (1) For a testing organization to be considered accredited to
certify operators under this subpart, it must:
    (i) Be accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency
based on that agency's determination that industry recognized criteria
for written testing materials, practical examinations, test
administration, grading, facilities/equipment and personnel have been
met.
    (ii) Administer written and practical tests that:
    (A) Assess the operator applicant regarding, at a minimum, the
knowledge and skills listed in paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this
section.
    (B) Provide different levels of certification based on equipment
capacity and type.
    (iii) Have procedures for operators to re-apply and be re-tested in
the event an operator applicant fails a test or is decertified.
    (iv) Have testing procedures for re-certification designed to
ensure that the operator continues to meet the technical knowledge and
skills requirements in paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (v) Have its accreditation reviewed by the nationally recognized
accrediting agency at least every three years.
    (2) An operator will be deemed qualified to operate a particular
piece of equipment if the operator is certified under paragraph (b) of
this section for that type and capacity of equipment or for higher-
capacity equipment of that type. If no accredited testing agency offers
certification examinations for a particular type and/or capacity of
equipment, an operator will be deemed qualified to operate that
equipment if the operator has been certified for the type/capacity that
is most similar to that equipment and for which a certification
examination is available. The operator's certificate must state the
type/capacity of equipment for which the operator is certified.
    (3) A certification issued under this option is portable and meets
the requirements of paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (4) A certification issued under this paragraph is valid for 5
years.
    (c) Option (2): Qualification by an audited employer program. The
employer's qualification of its employee must meet the following
requirements:
    (1) The written and practical tests must be either:
    (i) Developed by an accredited crane operator testing organization
(see paragraph (b) of this section); or
    (ii) Approved by an auditor in accordance with the following
requirements:
    (A) The auditor is certified to evaluate such tests by an
accredited crane operator testing organization (see paragraph (b) of
this section).
    (B) The auditor is not an employee of the employer.
    (C) The approval must be based on the auditor's determination that
the written and practical tests meet nationally recognized test
development criteria and are valid and reliable in assessing the
operator applicants regarding, at a minimum, the knowledge and skills
listed in paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (D) The audit must be conducted in accordance with nationally
recognized auditing standards.
    (2) Administration of tests.
    (i) The written and practical tests must be administered under
circumstances approved by the auditor as meeting nationally recognized
test administration standards.
    (ii) The auditor must be certified to evaluate the administration
of the written and practical tests by an accredited crane operator
testing organization (see paragraph (b) of this section).
    (iii) The auditor must not be an employee of the employer.
    (iv) The audit must be conducted in accordance with nationally
recognized auditing standards.
    (3) The employer program must be audited within 3 months of the
beginning of the program and at least every 3 years thereafter.
    (4) The employer program must have testing procedures for re-
qualification designed to ensure that the operator continues to meet
the technical knowledge and skills requirements in paragraphs (j)(1)
and (2) of this section. The re-qualification procedures must be
audited in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (5) Deficiencies. If the auditor determines that there is a
significant deficiency (``deficiency'') in the program, the employer
must ensure that:
    (i) No operator is qualified until the auditor confirms that the
deficiency has been corrected.
    (ii) The program is audited again within 180 days of the
confirmation that the deficiency was corrected.
    (iii) The auditor files a documented report of the deficiency to
the appropriate Regional Office of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration within 15 days of the auditor's determination that there
is a deficiency.
    (iv) Records of the audits of the employer's program are maintained
by the auditor for three years and are made available by the auditor to
the Secretary of Labor or the Secretary's designated representative
upon request.
    (6) A qualification under this paragraph is:
    (i) Not portable. Such a qualification meets the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section only where the operator is employed by
(and operating the equipment for) the employer that issued the
qualification.
    (ii) Valid for 5 years.
    (d) Option (3): Qualification by the U.S. military.
    (1) For purposes of this section, an operator who is an employee of
the U.S.

military is considered qualified if he/she has a current operator
qualification issued by the U.S. military for operation of the
equipment. An employee of the U.S. military is a Federal employee of
the Department of Defense or Armed Forces and does not include
employees of private contractors.
    (2) A qualification under this paragraph is:
    (i) Not portable. Such a qualification meets the requirements of
paragraph (a) of this section only where the operator is employed by
(and operating the equipment for) the employer that issued the
qualification.
    (ii) Valid for the period of time stipulated by the issuing entity.
    (e) Option (4): Licensing by a government entity.
    (1) For purposes of this section, a government licensing
department/office that issues operator licenses for operating equipment
covered by this standard is considered a government accredited crane
operator testing organization if the criteria in paragraph (e)(2) of
this section are met.
    (2) Licensing criteria.
    (i) The requirements for obtaining the license include an
assessment, by written and practical tests, of the operator applicant
regarding, at a minimum, the knowledge and skills listed in paragraphs
(j)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (ii) The testing meets industry recognized criteria for written
testing materials, practical examinations, test administration,
grading, facilities/equipment and personnel.
    (iii) The government authority that oversees the licensing
department/office, has determined that the requirements in paragraphs
(e)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section have been met.
    (iv) The licensing department/office has testing procedures for re-
licensing designed to ensure that the operator continues to meet the
technical knowledge and skills requirements in paragraphs (j)(1) and
(2) of this section.
    (3) A license issued by a government accredited crane operator
testing organization that meets the requirements of this option:
    (i) Meets the operator qualification requirements of this section
for operation of equipment only within the jurisdiction of the
government entity.
    (ii) Is valid for the period of time stipulated by the licensing
department/office, but no longer than 5 years.
    (f) Pre-qualification/certification training period. An employee
who is not qualified or certified under this section is permitted to
operate equipment only as an operator-in-training and only where the
requirements of this paragraph are met.
    (1) The employer must provide each operator-in-training with
sufficient training prior to operating the equipment to enable the
operator-in-training to operate the equipment safely under limitations
established by this section (including continuous monitoring) and any
additional limitations established by the employer.
    (2) The tasks performed by the operator-in-training while operating
the equipment must be within the operator-in-training's ability.
    (3) Trainer. While operating the equipment, the operator-in-
training must be continuously monitored by an individual (``operator's
trainer'') who meets all of the following requirements:
    (i) The operator's trainer is an employee or agent of the operator-
in-training's employer.
    (ii) The operator's trainer is either a certified operator under
this section, or has passed the written portion of a certification test
under one of the options in paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section,
and is familiar with the proper use of the equipment's controls.
    (iii) While monitoring the operator-in-training, the operator's
trainer performs no tasks that detract from the trainer's ability to
monitor the operator-in-training.
    (iv) For equipment other than tower cranes: The operator's trainer
and the operator-in-training must be in direct line of sight of each
other. In addition, they must communicate verbally or by hand signals.
For tower cranes: The operator's trainer and the operator-in-training
must be in direct communication with each other.
    (4) Continuous monitoring. The operator-in-training must be
monitored by the operator's trainer at all times, except for short
breaks where all of the following are met:
    (i) The break lasts no longer than 15 minutes and there is no more
than one break per hour.
    (ii) Immediately prior to the break the operator's trainer informs
the operator-in-training of the specific tasks that the operator-in-
training is to perform and limitations to which he/she must adhere
during the operator trainer's break.
    (iii) The specific tasks that the operator-in-training will perform
during the operator trainer's break are within the operator-in-
training's abilities.
    (5) The operator-in-training must not operate the equipment in any
of the following circumstances unless the exception stated in paragraph
(f)(5)(v) of this section is applicable:
    (i) If any part of the equipment, load line or load (including
rigging and lifting accessories), if operated up to the equipment's
maximum working radius in the work zone (see Sec.  1926.1408(a)(1)),
could get within 20 feet of a power line that is up to 350 kV, or
within 50 feet of a power line that is over 350 kV.
    (ii) If the equipment is used to hoist personnel.
    (iii) In multiple-equipment lifts.
    (iv) If the equipment is used over a shaft, cofferdam, or in a tank
farm.
    (v) In multiple-lift rigging operations, except where the
operator's trainer determines that the operator-in-training skills are
sufficient for this high-skill work.
    (g) Under this section, a testing entity is permitted to provide
training as well as testing services as long as the criteria of the
applicable accrediting agency (in the option selected) for an
organization providing both services are met.
    (h) Language and Literacy Requirements.
    (1) Tests under this section may be administered verbally, with
answers given verbally, where the operator candidate:
    (i) Passes a written demonstration of literacy relevant to the
work.
    (ii) Demonstrates the ability to use the type of written
manufacturer procedures applicable to the class/type of equipment for
which the candidate is seeking certification.
    (2) Tests under this section may be administered in any language
the operator candidate understands, and the operator's certificate must
note the language in which the test was given. The operator is
qualified under paragraph (b)(2) of this section to operate equipment
that is furnished with materials required by this subpart that are
written in the language of the certification. The operator may only
operate equipment furnished with such materials.
    (i) [Reserved.]
    (j) Certification criteria. Qualifications and certifications must
be based, at a minimum, on the following:
    (1) A determination through a written test that:
    (i) The individual knows the information necessary for safe
operation of the specific type of equipment the individual will
operate, including all of the following:
    (A) The controls and operational/performance characteristics.
    (B) Use of, and the ability to calculate (manually or with a
calculator), load/capacity information on a variety of configurations
of the equipment.
    (C) Procedures for preventing and responding to power line contact.
    (D) Technical knowledge similar to the subject matter criteria
listed in

Appendix C of this subpart applicable to the specific type of equipment
the individual will operate. Use of the Appendix C criteria meets the
requirements of this provision.
    (E) Technical knowledge applicable to:
    (1) The suitability of the supporting ground and surface to handle
expected loads.
    (2) Site hazards.
    (3) Site access.
    (F) This subpart, including applicable incorporated materials.
    (ii) The individual is able to read and locate relevant information
in the equipment manual and other materials containing information
referred to in paragraph (j)(1)(i) of this section.
    (2) A determination through a practical test that the individual
has the skills necessary for safe operation of the equipment, including
the following:
    (i) Ability to recognize, from visual and auditory observation, the
items listed in Sec.  1926.1412(d) (shift inspection).
    (ii) Operational and maneuvering skills.
    (iii) Application of load chart information.
    (iv) Application of safe shut-down and securing procedures.
    (k) Phase-in.
    (1) The provisions of this section are applicable November 8, 2010,
except for paragraphs (a)(2) and (f) which are applicable November 10,
2014.
    (2) When Sec.  1926.1427(a)(1) is not applicable, all of the
requirements in paragraphs (k)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section apply
until November 10, 2014:
    (i) The employer must ensure that operators of equipment covered by
this standard are competent to operate the equipment safely.
    (ii) Where an employee assigned to operate machinery does not have
the required knowledge or ability to operate the equipment safely, the
employer must train that employee prior to operating the equipment. The
employer must ensure that each operator is evaluated to confirm that
he/she understands the information provided in the training.

Sec.  1926.1428  Signal person qualifications.

    (a) The employer of the signal person must ensure that each signal
person meets the Qualification Requirements (paragraph (c) of this
section) prior to giving any signals. This requirement must be met by
using either Option (1) or Option (2) of this section.
    (1) Option (1)--Third party qualified evaluator. The signal person
has documentation from a third party qualified evaluator (see Qualified
Evaluator (third party), Sec.  1926.1401 for definition) showing that
the signal person meets the Qualification Requirements (see paragraph
(c) of this section).
    (2) Option (2)--Employer's qualified evaluator. The employer's
qualified (see Qualified Evaluator (not a third party), Sec.  1926.1401
for definition) evaluator assesses the individual and determines that
the individual meets the Qualification Requirements (see paragraph (c)
of this section) and provides documentation of that determination. An
assessment by an employer's qualified evaluator under this option is
not portable--other employers are not permitted to use it to meet the
requirements of this section.
    (3) The employer must make the documentation for whichever option
is used available at the site while the signal person is employed by
the employer. The documentation must specify each type of signaling
(e.g. hand signals, radio signals, etc.) for which the signal person
meets the requirements of paragraph (c) of this section.
    (b) If subsequent actions by the signal person indicate that the
individual does not meet the Qualification Requirements (see paragraph
(c) of this section), the employer must not allow the individual to
continue working as a signal person until re-training is provided and a
re-assessment is made in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section
that confirms that the individual meets the Qualification Requirements.
    (c) Qualification Requirements. Each signal person must:
    (1) Know and understand the type of signals used. If hand signals
are used, the signal person must know and understand the Standard
Method for hand signals.
    (2) Be competent in the application of the type of signals used.
    (3) Have a basic understanding of equipment operation and
limitations, including the crane dynamics involved in swinging and
stopping loads and boom deflection from hoisting loads.
    (4) Know and understand the relevant requirements of Sec.
1926.1419 through Sec.  1926.1422 and Sec.  1926.1428.
    (5) Demonstrate that he/she meets the requirements in paragraphs
(c)(1) through (4) of this section through an oral or written test, and
through a practical test.

Sec.  1926.1429  Qualifications of maintenance & repair employees.

    (a) Maintenance, inspection and repair personnel are permitted to
operate the equipment only where all of the following requirements are
met:
    (1) The operation is limited to those functions necessary to
perform maintenance, inspect the equipment, or verify its performance.
    (2) The personnel either:
    (i) Operate the equipment under the direct supervision of an
operator who meets the requirements of Sec.  1926.1427 (Operator
qualification and certification); or
    (ii) Are familiar with the operation, limitations, characteristics
and hazards associated with the type of equipment.
    (b) Maintenance and repair personnel must meet the definition of a
qualified person with respect to the equipment and maintenance/repair
tasks performed.

Sec.  1926.1430  Training.

    The employer must provide training as follows:
    (a) Overhead powerlines. The employer must train each employee
specified in Sec.  1926.1408(g) and Sec.  1926.1410(m) in the topics
listed in Sec.  1926.1408(g).
    (b) Signal persons. The employer must train each employee who will
be assigned to work as a signal persons who does not meet the
requirements of Sec.  1926.1428(c) in the areas addressed in that
paragraph.
    (c) Operators.
    (1) Operators-in-Training for equipment where certification or
qualification is required by this subpart. The employer must train each
operator-in-training in the areas addressed in Sec.  1926.1427(j). The
employer must provide re-training if the operator-in-training does not
pass a qualification or certification test.
    (2) Transitional Period. During the four-year phase-in period for
operator certification or qualification, as provided in Sec.
1926.1427(k), employers must train each operator who has not yet been
certified or qualified in the areas addressed in Sec.  1926.1427(j).
    (3) Operators excepted from the requirements of Sec.  1926.1427.
The employer must train each operator excepted under Sec.  1926.1427(a)
from the requirements of Sec.  1926.1427 on the safe operation of the
equipment the operator will be using.
    (4) The employer must train each operator of the equipment covered
by this subpart in the following practices:
    (i) On friction equipment, whenever moving a boom off a support,
first raise the boom a short distance (sufficient to take the load of
the boom) to determine if the boom hoist brake needs to be adjusted. On
other types of equipment with a boom, the same practice is applicable,
except that typically there is no means of adjusting the brake; if the

brake does not hold, a repair is necessary. See Sec.  1926.1417(f) and
(j) for additional requirements.
    (ii) Where available, the manufacturer's emergency procedures for
halting unintended equipment movement.
    (d) Competent persons and qualified persons. The employer must
train each competent person and each qualified person regarding the
requirements of this subpart applicable to their respective roles.
    (e) Crush/pinch points. The employer must train each employee who
works with the equipment to keep clear of holes, and crush/pinch points
and the hazards addressed in Sec.  1926.1424 (Work area control).
    (f) Tag-out. The employer must train each operator and each
additional employee authorized to start/energize equipment or operate
equipment controls (such as maintenance and repair employees), in the
tag-out and start-up procedures in Sec. Sec.  1926.1417(f) and (g).
    (g) Training administration.
    (1) The employer must evaluate each employee required to be trained
under this subpart to confirm that the employee understands the
information provided in the training.
    (2) The employer must provide refresher training in relevant topics
for each employee when, based on the conduct of the employee or an
evaluation of the employee's knowledge, there is an indication that
retraining is necessary.
    (3) Whenever training is required under subpart CC, the employer
must provide the training at no cost to the employee.

Sec.  1926.1431  Hoisting personnel.

    The requirements of this section are supplemental to the other
requirements in this subpart and apply when one or more employees are
hoisted.
    (a) The use of equipment to hoist employees is prohibited except
where the employer demonstrates that the erection, use, and dismantling
of conventional means of reaching the work area, such as a personnel
hoist, ladder, stairway, aerial lift, elevating work platform, or
scaffold, would be more hazardous, or is not possible because of the
project's structural design or worksite conditions. This paragraph does
not apply to work covered by subpart R (Steel Erection) of this part.
    (b) Use of personnel platform.
    (1) When using equipment to hoist employees, the employees must be
in a personnel platform that meets the requirements of paragraph (e) of
this section.
    (2) Exceptions: A personnel platform is not required for hoisting
employees:
    (i) Into and out of drill shafts that are up to and including 8
feet in diameter (see paragraph (o) of this section for requirements
for hoisting these employees).
    (ii) In pile driving operations (see paragraph (p) of this section
for requirements for hoisting these employees).
    (iii) Solely for transfer to or from a marine worksite in a marine-
hoisted personnel transfer device (see paragraph (r) of this section
for requirements for hoisting these employees).
    (iv) In storage-tank (steel or concrete), shaft and chimney
operations (see paragraph (s) of this section for requirements for
hoisting these employees).
    (c) Equipment set-up.
    (1) The equipment must be uniformly level, within one percent of
level grade, and located on footing that a qualified person has
determined to be sufficiently firm and stable.
    (2) Equipment with outriggers or stabilizers must have them all
extended and locked. The amount of extension must be the same for all
outriggers and stabilizers and in accordance with manufacturer
procedures and load charts.
    (d) Equipment criteria.
    (1) Capacity: Use of suspended personnel platforms. The total load
(with the platform loaded, including the hook, load line and rigging)
must not exceed 50 percent of the rated capacity for the radius and
configuration of the equipment, except during proof testing.
    (2) Capacity: Use of boom-attached personnel platforms. The total
weight of the loaded personnel platform must not exceed 50 percent of
the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the equipment
(except during proof testing).
    (3) Capacity: Hoisting personnel without a personnel platform. When
hoisting personnel without a personnel platform pursuant to paragraph
(b)(2) of this section, the total load (including the hook, load line,
rigging and any other equipment that imposes a load) must not exceed 50
percent of the rated capacity for the radius and configuration of the
equipment, except during proof testing.
    (4) When the occupied personnel platform is in a stationary working
position, the load and boom hoist brakes, swing brakes, and operator
actuated secondary braking and locking features (such as pawls or dogs)
or automatic secondary brakes must be engaged.
    (5) Devices.
    (i) Equipment (except for derricks and articulating cranes) with a
variable angle boom must be equipped with all of the following:
    (A) A boom angle indicator, readily visible to the operator, and
    (B) A boom hoist limiting device.
    (ii) Articulating cranes must be equipped with a properly
functioning automatic overload protection device.
    (iii) Equipment with a luffing jib must be equipped with:
    (A) A jib angle indicator, readily visible to the operator, and.
    (B) A jib hoist limiting device.
    (iv) Equipment with telescoping booms must be equipped with a
device to indicate the boom's extended length clearly to the operator,
or must have measuring marks on the boom.
    (v) Anti two-block. A device which automatically prevents damage
and load failure from contact between the load block, overhaul ball, or
similar component, and the boom tip (or fixed upper block or similar
component) must be used. The device(s) must prevent such damage/failure
at all points where two-blocking could occur. Exception: This device is
not required when hoisting personnel in pile driving operations.
Instead, paragraph (p)(2) of this section specifies how to prevent two-
blocking during such operations.
    (vi) Controlled load lowering. The load line hoist drum must have a
system, other than the load line hoist brake, which regulates the
lowering rate of speed of the hoist mechanism. This system or device
must be used when hoisting personnel.

    Note: Free fall of the load line hoist is prohibited (see Sec.
1926.1426(d); the use of equipment in which the boom hoist mechanism
can free fall is also prohibited (see Sec.  1926.1426(a)(1).

    (vii) Proper operation required. Personnel hoisting operations must
not begin unless the devices listed in this section are in proper
working order. If a device stops working properly during such
operations, the operator must safely stop operations. Personnel
hoisting operations must not resume until the device is again working
properly. Alternative measures are not permitted. (See Sec.  1926.1417
for tag-out and related requirements.)
    (6) Direct attachment of a personnel platform to a luffing jib is
prohibited.
    (e) Personnel platform criteria.
    (1) A qualified person familiar with structural design must design
the personnel platform and attachment/suspension system used for
hoisting personnel.
    (2) The system used to connect the personnel platform to the
equipment

must allow the platform to remain within 10 degrees of level,
regardless of boom angle.
    (3) The suspension system must be designed to minimize tipping of
the platform due to movement of employees occupying the platform.
    (4) The personnel platform itself (excluding the guardrail system
and personal fall arrest system anchorages), must be capable of
supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least five times the
maximum intended load.
    (5) All welding of the personnel platform and its components must
be performed by a certified welder familiar with the weld grades, types
and material specified in the platform design.
    (6) The personnel platform must be equipped with a guardrail system
which meets the requirements of subpart M of this part, and must be
enclosed at least from the toeboard to mid-rail with either solid
construction material or expanded metal having openings no greater than
\1/2\ inch (1.27 cm). Points to which personal fall arrest systems are
attached must meet the anchorage requirements in subpart M of this
part.
    (7) A grab rail must be installed inside the entire perimeter of
the personnel platform except for access gates/doors.
    (8) Access gates/doors. If installed, access gates/doors of all
types (including swinging, sliding, folding, or other types) must:
    (i) Not swing outward. If due to the size of the personnel
platform, such as a 1-person platform, it is infeasible for the door to
swing inward and allow safe entry for the platform occupant, then the
access gate/door may swing outward.
    (ii) Be equipped with a device that prevents accidental opening.
    (9) Headroom must be sufficient to allow employees to stand upright
in the platform.
    (10) In addition to the use of hard hats, employees must be
protected by overhead protection on the personnel platform when
employees are exposed to falling objects. The platform overhead
protection must not obscure the view of the operator or platform
occupants (such as wire mesh that has up to \1/2\ inch openings),
unless full protection is necessary.
    (11) All edges exposed to employee contact must be smooth enough to
prevent injury.
    (12) The weight of the platform and its rated capacity must be
conspicuously posted on the platform with a plate or other permanent
marking.
    (f) Personnel platform loading.
    (1) The personnel platform must not be loaded in excess of its
rated capacity.
    (2) Use.
    (i) Personnel platforms must be used only for employees, their
tools, and the materials necessary to do their work. Platforms must not
be used to hoist materials or tools when not hoisting personnel.
    (ii) Exception: Materials and tools to be used during the lift, if
secured and distributed in accordance with paragraph (f)(3) of this
section may be in the platform for trial lifts.
    (3) Materials and tools must be:
    (i) Secured to prevent displacement.
    (ii) Evenly distributed within the confines of the platform while
it is suspended.
    (4) The number of employees occupying the personnel platform must
not exceed the maximum number the platform was designed to hold or the
number required to perform the work, whichever is less.
    (g) Attachment and rigging.
    (1) Hooks and other detachable devices.
    (i) Hooks used in the connection between the hoist line and the
personnel platform (including hooks on overhaul ball assemblies, lower
load blocks, bridle legs, or other attachment assemblies or components)
must be:
    (A) Of a type that can be closed and locked, eliminating the throat
opening.
    (B) Closed and locked when attached.
    (ii) Shackles used in place of hooks must be of the alloy anchor
type, with either:
    (A) A bolt, nut and retaining pin, in place; or
    (B) Of the screw type, with the screw pin secured from accidental
removal.
    (iii) Where other detachable devices are used, they must be of the
type that can be closed and locked to the same extent as the devices
addressed in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section. Such
devices must be closed and locked when attached.
    (2) Rope bridle. When a rope bridle is used to suspend the
personnel platform, each bridle leg must be connected to a master link
or shackle (see paragraph (g)(1) of this section) in a manner that
ensures that the load is evenly divided among the bridle legs.
    (3) Rigging hardware (including wire rope, shackles, rings, master
links, and other rigging hardware) and hooks must be capable of
supporting, without failure, at least five times the maximum intended
load applied or transmitted to that component. Where rotation resistant
rope is used, the slings must be capable of supporting without failure
at least ten times the maximum intended load.
    (4) Eyes in wire rope slings must be fabricated with thimbles.
    (5) Bridles and associated rigging for suspending the personnel
platform must be used only for the platform and the necessary
employees, their tools and materials necessary to do their work. The
bridles and associated rigging must not have been used for any purpose
other than hoisting personnel.
    (h) Trial lift and inspection.
    (1) A trial lift with the unoccupied personnel platform loaded at
least to the anticipated liftweight must be made from ground level, or
any other location where employees will enter the platform, to each
location at which the platform is to be hoisted and positioned. Where
there is more than one location to be reached from a single set-up
position, either individual trial lifts for each location, or a single
trial lift, in which the platform is moved sequentially to each
location, must be performed; the method selected must be the same as
the method that will be used to hoist the personnel.
    (2) The trial lift must be performed immediately prior to each
shift in which personnel will be hoisted. In addition, the trial lift
must be repeated prior to hoisting employees in each of the following
circumstances:
    (i) The equipment is moved and set up in a new location or returned
to a previously used location.
    (ii) The lift route is changed, unless the competent person
determines that the new route presents no new factors affecting safety.
    (3) The competent person must determine that:
    (i) Safety devices and operational aids required by this section
are activated and functioning properly. Other safety devices and
operational aids must meet the requirements of Sec.  1926.1415 and
Sec.  1926.1416.
    (ii) Nothing interferes with the equipment or the personnel
platform in the course of the trial lift.
    (iii) The lift will not exceed 50 percent of the equipment's rated
capacity at any time during the lift.
    (iv) The load radius to be used during the lift has been accurately
determined.
    (4) Immediately after the trial lift, the competent person must:
    (i) Conduct a visual inspection of the equipment, base support or
ground, and personnel platform, to determine whether the trial lift has
exposed any defect or problem or produced any adverse effect.
    (ii) Confirm that, upon the completion of the trial lift process,
the test weight has been removed.
    (5) Immediately prior to each lift:
    (i) The platform must be hoisted a few inches with the personnel
and materials/tools on board and inspected by a competent person to
ensure that it is secure and properly balanced.

    (ii) The following conditions must be determined by a competent
person to exist before the lift of personnel proceeds:
    (A) Hoist ropes must be free of deficiencies in accordance with
Sec.  1926.1413(a).
    (B) Multiple part lines must not be twisted around each other.
    (C) The primary attachment must be centered over the platform.
    (D) If the load rope is slack, the hoisting system must be
inspected to ensure that all ropes are properly seated on drums and in
sheaves.
    (6) Any condition found during the trial lift and subsequent
inspection(s) that fails to meet a requirement of this standard or
otherwise creates a safety hazard must be corrected before hoisting
personnel. (See Sec.  1926.1417 for tag-out and related requirements.)
    (i) [Reserved.]
    (j) Proof testing.
    (1) At each jobsite, prior to hoisting employees on the personnel
platform, and after any repair or modification, the platform and
rigging must be proof tested to 125 percent of the platform's rated
capacity. The proof test may be done concurrently with the trial lift.
    (2) The platform must be lowered by controlled load lowering,
braked, and held in a suspended position for a minimum of five minutes
with the test load evenly distributed on the platform.
    (3) After proof testing, a competent person must inspect the
platform and rigging to determine if the test has been passed. If any
deficiencies are found that pose a safety hazard, the platform and
rigging must not be used to hoist personnel unless the deficiencies are
corrected, the test is repeated, and a competent person determines that
the test has been passed. (See Sec.  1926.1417 for tag-out and related
requirements.)
    (4) Personnel hoisting must not be conducted until the competent
person determines that the platform and rigging have successfully
passed the proof test.
    (k) Work practices.
    (1) Hoisting of the personnel platform must be performed in a slow,
controlled, cautious manner, with no sudden movements of the equipment
or the platform.
    (2) Platform occupants must:
    (i) Keep all parts of the body inside the platform during raising,
lowering, and horizontal movement. This provision does not apply to an
occupant of the platform when necessary to position the platform or
while performing the duties of a signal person.
    (ii) Not stand, sit on, or work from the top or intermediate rail
or toeboard, or use any other means/device to raise their working
height.
    (iii) Not pull the platform out of plumb in relation to the
hoisting equipment.
    (3) Before employees exit or enter a hoisted personnel platform
that is not landed, the platform must be secured to the structure where
the work is to be performed, unless the employer can demonstrate that
securing to the structure would create a greater hazard.
    (4) If the platform is tied to the structure, the operator must not
move the platform until the operator receives confirmation that it is
freely suspended.
    (5) Tag lines must be used when necessary to control the platform.
    (6) Platforms without controls. Where the platform is not equipped
with controls, the equipment operator must remain at the equipment
controls, on site, and in view of the equipment, at all times while the
platform is occupied.
    (7) Platforms with controls. Where the platform is equipped with
controls, all of the following must be met at all times while the
platform is occupied:
    (i) The occupant using the controls in the platform must be a
qualified person with respect to their use, including the safe
limitations of the equipment and hazards associated with its operation.
    (ii) The equipment operator must be at a set of equipment controls
that include boom and swing functions of the equipment, and must be on
site and in view of the equipment.
    (iii) The platform operating manual must be in the platform or on
the equipment.
    (8) Environmental conditions.
    (i) Wind. When wind speed (sustained or gusts) exceeds 20 mph at
the personnel platform, a qualified person must determine if, in light
of the wind conditions, it is not safe to lift personnel. If it is not,
the lifting operation must not begin (or, if already in progress, must
be terminated).
    (ii) Other weather and environmental conditions. A qualified person
must determine if, in light of indications of dangerous weather
conditions, or other impending or existing danger, it is not safe to
lift personnel. If it is not, the lifting operation must not begin (or,
if already in progress, must be terminated).
    (9) Employees being hoisted must remain in direct communication
with the signal person (where used), or the operator.
    (10) Fall protection.
    (i) Except over water, employees occupying the personnel platform
must be provided and use a personal fall arrest system. The system must
be attached to a structural member within the personnel platform. When
working over or near water, the requirements of Sec.  1926.106 apply.
    (ii) The fall arrest system, including the attachment point
(anchorage) used to comply with paragraph (i) of this section, must
meet the requirements in Sec.  1926.502.
    (11) Other load lines.
    (i) No lifts must be made on any other of the equipment's load
lines while personnel are being hoisted, except in pile driving
operations.
    (ii) Factory-produced boom-mounted personnel platforms that
incorporate a winch as original equipment. Loads are permitted to be
hoisted by such a winch while employees occupy the personnel platform
only where the load on the winch line does not exceed 500 pounds and
does not exceed the rated capacity of the winch and platform.
    (12) Traveling--equipment other than derricks.
    (i) Hoisting of employees while the equipment is traveling is
prohibited, except for:
    (A) Equipment that travels on fixed rails; or
    (B) Where the employer demonstrates that there is no less hazardous
way to perform the work.
    (C) This exception does not apply to rubber-tired equipment.
    (ii) Where employees are hoisted while the equipment is traveling,
all of the following criteria must be met:
    (A) Equipment travel must be restricted to a fixed track or runway.
    (B) Where a runway is used, it must be a firm, level surface
designed, prepared and designated as a path of travel for the weight
and configuration of the equipment being used to lift and travel with
the personnel platform. An existing surface may be used as long as it
meets these criteria.
    (C) Equipment travel must be limited to boom length.
    (D) The boom must be parallel to the direction of travel, except
where it is safer to do otherwise.
    (E) A complete trial run must be performed to test the route of
travel before employees are allowed to occupy the platform. This trial
run can be performed at the same time as the trial lift required by
paragraph (h) of this section which tests the lift route.
    (13) Traveling--derricks. Derricks are prohibited from traveling
while personnel are hoisted.
    (l) [Reserved.]
    (m) Pre-lift meeting. A pre-lift meeting must be:
    (1) Held to review the applicable requirements of this section and
the procedures that will be followed.
    (2) Attended by the equipment operator, signal person (if used for
the

lift), employees to be hoisted, and the person responsible for the task
to be performed.
    (3) Held prior to the trial lift at each new work location, and
must be repeated for any employees newly assigned to the operation.
    (n) Hoisting personnel near power lines. Hoisting personnel within
20 feet of a power line that is up to 350 kV, and hoisting personnel
within 50 feet of a power line that is over 350 kV, is prohibited,
except for work covered by subpart V of this part (Power Transmission
and Distribution).
    (o) Hoisting personnel in drill shafts. When hoisting employees
into and out of drill shafts that are up to and including 8 feet in
diameter, all of the following requirements must be met:
    (1) The employee must be in either a personnel platform or on a
boatswain's chair.
    (2) If using a personnel platform, paragraphs (a) through (n) of
this section apply.
    (3) If using a boatswain's chair:
    (i) The following paragraphs of this section apply: (a), (c),
(d)(1), (d)(3), (d)(4), (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), (f)(1), (f)(2)(i),
(f)(3)(i), (g), (h), (k)(1), (k)(6), (k)(8), (k)(9), (k)(11)(i), (m),
(n). Where the terms ``personnel platform'' or ``platform'' are used in
these paragraphs, substitute them with ``boatswain's chair.''
    (ii) A signal person must be stationed at the shaft opening.
    (iii) The employee must be hoisted in a slow, controlled descent
and ascent.
    (iv) The employee must use personal fall protection equipment,
including a full body harness, attached independent of the crane/
derrick.
    (v) The fall protection equipment must meet the applicable
requirements in Sec.  1926.502.
    (vi) The boatswain's chair itself (excluding the personal fall
arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without
failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended
load.
    (vii) No more than one person must be hoisted at a time.
    (p) Hoisting personnel for pile driving operations. When hoisting
an employee in pile driving operations, the following requirements must
be met:
    (1) The employee must be in a personnel platform or boatswain's
chair.
    (2) For lattice boom cranes: Clearly mark the cable (so that it can
easily be seen by the operator) at a point that will give the operator
sufficient time to stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, or use a
spotter who is in direct communication with the operator to inform the
operator when this point is reached. For telescopic boom cranes:
Clearly mark the cable (so that it can be easily seen by the operator)
at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to stop the
hoist to prevent two-blocking, and use a spotter who is in direct
communication with the operator to inform the operator when this point
is reached.
    (3) If using a personnel platform, paragraphs (b) through (n) of
this section apply.
    (4) If using a boatswain's chair:
    (i) The following paragraphs of this section apply: (a), (c),
(d)(1), (d)(3), (d)(4), (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), (f)(1), (f)(2)(i),
(f)(3)(i), (g), (h), (j), (k)(1), (k)(6), (k)(8), (k)(9), (k)(11)(i),
(m), and (n). Where the terms ``personnel platform'' or ``platform''
are used in these paragraphs, substitute them with ``boatswains
chair.''
    (ii) The employee must be hoisted in a slow, controlled descent and
ascent.
    (iii) The employee must use personal fall protection equipment,
including a full body harness, independently attached to the lower load
block or overhaul ball.
    (iv) The fall protection equipment must meet the applicable
requirements in Sec.  1926.502.
    (v) The boatswain's chair itself (excluding the personal fall
arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without
failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended
load.
    (vi) No more than one person must be hoisted at a time.
    (q) [Reserved.]
    (r) Hoisting personnel for marine transfer. When hoisting employees
solely for transfer to or from a marine worksite, the following
requirements must be met:
    (1) The employee must be in either a personnel platform or a
marine-hoisted personnel transfer device.
    (2) If using a personnel platform, paragraphs (a) through (n) of
this section apply.
    (3) If using a marine-hoisted personnel transfer device:
    (i) The following paragraphs of this section apply: (a), (c)(2),
(d)(1), (d)(3), (d)(4), (e)(1) through (5), (e)(12), (f)(1), (g), (h),
(j), (k)(1), (k)(8), (k)(9), (k)(10)(ii), (k)(11)(i), (k)(12), (m), and
(n). Where the terms ``personnel platform'' or ``platform'' are used in
these paragraphs, substitute them with ``marine-hoisted personnel
transfer device.''
    (ii) The transfer device must be used only for transferring
workers.
    (iii) The number of workers occupying the transfer device must not
exceed the maximum number it was designed to hold.
    (iv) Each employee must wear a U.S. Coast Guard personal flotation
device approved for industrial use.
    (s) Hoisting personnel for storage-tank (steel or concrete), shaft
and chimney operations. When hoisting an employee in storage tank
(steel or concrete), shaft and chimney operations, the following
requirements must be met:
    (1) The employee must be in a personnel platform except when the
employer can demonstrate that use of a personnel platform is
infeasible; in such a case, a boatswain's chair must be used.
    (2) If using a personnel platform, paragraphs (a) through (n) of
this section apply.
    (3) If using a boatswain's chair:
    (i) The following paragraphs of this section apply: (a), (c),
(d)(1), (d)(3), (d)(4), (e)(1), (e)(2), (e)(3), (f)(1), (f)(2)(i),
(f)(3)(i), (g), (h), (k)(1), (k)(6), (k)(8), (k)(9), (k)(11)(i), (m),
(n). Where the terms ``personnel platform'' or ``platform'' are used in
these paragraphs, substitute them with ``boatswains chair.''
    (ii) The employee must be hoisted in a slow, controlled descent and
ascent.
    (iii) The employee must use personal fall protection equipment,
including a full body harness, attached independent of the crane/
derrick. When there is no adequate structure for attachment of personal
fall arrest equipment as required in Sec.  1926.502(d)(15), the
attachment must be to the lower load block or overhaul ball.
    (iv) The fall protection equipment must meet the applicable
requirements in Sec.  1926.502.
    (v) The boatswain's chair itself (excluding the personal fall
arrest system anchorages), must be capable of supporting, without
failure, its own weight and at least five times the maximum intended
load.
    (vi) No more than one person must be hoisted at a time.

Sec.  1926.1432  Multiple-crane/derrick lifts--supplemental
requirements.

    (a) Plan development. Before beginning a crane/derrick operation in
which more than one crane/derrick will be supporting the load, the
operation must be planned. The planning must meet the following
requirements:
    (1) The plan must be developed by a qualified person.
    (2) The plan must be designed to ensure that the requirements of
this subpart are met.
    (3) Where the qualified person determines that engineering
expertise is needed for the planning, the employer must ensure that it
is provided.
    (b) Plan implementation.
    (1) The multiple-crane/derrick lift must be directed by a person
who meets the criteria for both a competent person and a qualified
person, or by a competent person who is assisted by

one or more qualified persons (lift director).
    (2) The lift director must review the plan in a meeting with all
workers who will be involved with the operation.

Sec.  1926.1433  Design, construction and testing.

    The following requirements apply to equipment that has a
manufacturer-rated hoisting/lifting capacity of more than 2,000 pounds.
    (a) Crawler, truck and locomotive cranes manufactured prior to
November 8, 2010 must meet the applicable requirements for design,
construction, and testing as prescribed in ANSI B30.5-1968
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6), PCSA Std. No. 2 (1968)
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6), the requirements in
paragraph (b) of this section, or the applicable DIN standards that
were in effect at the time of manufacture.
    (b) Mobile (including crawler and truck) and locomotive cranes
manufactured on or after November 8, 2010 must meet the following
portions of ASME B30.5-2004 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
1926.6) as applicable:
    (1) In section 5-1.1.1 (``Load Ratings--Where Stability Governs
Lifting Performance''), paragraphs (a)--(d) (including subparagraphs).
    (2) In section 5-1.1.2 (``Load Ratings--Where Structural Competence
Governs Lifting Performance''), paragraph (b).
    (3) Section 5-1.2 (``Stability (Backward and Forward)'').
    (4) In section 5-1.3.1 (``Boom Hoist Mechanism''), paragraphs (a),
(b)(1) and (b)(2), except that when using rotation resistant rope,
Sec.  1926.1414(c)(4)(ii)(A) applies.
    (5) In section 5-1.3.2 (``Load Hoist Mechanism''), paragraphs
(a)(2) through (a)(4) (including subparagraphs), (b) (including
subparagraphs), (c) (first sentence only) and (d).
    (6) Section 5-1.3.3 (``Telescoping Boom'').
    (7) Section 5-1.4 (``Swing Mechanism'').
    (8) In section 5-1.5 (``Crane Travel''), all provisions except 5-
1.5.3(d).
    (9) In section 5-1.6 (``Controls''), all provisions except 5-1.6.1
(c).
    (10) Section 5-1.7.4 (``Sheaves'').
    (11) Section 5-1.7.5 (``Sheave sizes'').
    (12) In section 5-1.9.1 (``Booms''), paragraph (f).
    (13) Section 5-1.9.3 (``Outriggers'').
    (14) Section 5-1.9.4 (``Locomotive Crane Equipment'').
    (15) Section 5-1.9.7 (``Clutch and Brake Protection'').
    (16) In section 5-1.9.11 (``Miscellaneous equipment''), paragraphs
(a), (c), (e), and (f).
    (c) Prototype testing: mobile (including crawler and truck) and
locomotive cranes manufactured on or after November 8, 2010 must meet
the prototype testing requirements in Test Option A or Test Option B of
this section. Tower cranes manufactured on or after November 8, 2010
must meet the prototype testing requirements in BS EN 14439:2006
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6).

    Note:  Prototype testing of crawler, locomotive and truck cranes
manufactured prior to November 8, 2010 must conform to paragraph (a)
of this section.

    (1) Test Option A.
    (i) The following applies to equipment with cantilevered booms
(such as hydraulic boom cranes): All the tests listed in SAE J1063
(Nov. 1993) Table 1 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) must
be performed to load all critical structural elements to their
respective limits. All the strength margins listed in SAE J1063 (Nov.
1993) Table 2 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) must be
met.
    (ii) The following applies to equipment with pendant supported
lattice booms: All the tests listed in SAE J987 (Jun. 2003) Table 1
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) must be performed to load
all critical structural elements to their respective limits. All the
strength margins listed in SAE J987 (Jun. 2003) Table 2 (incorporated
by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) must be met.
    (2) Test Option B. The testing and verification requirements of BS
EN 13000:2004 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) must be
met. In applying BS EN 13000:2004, the following additional
requirements must be met:
    (i) The following applies to equipment with cantilevered booms
(such as hydraulic boom cranes): The analysis methodology (computer
modeling) must demonstrate that all load cases listed in SAE J1063
(Nov. 1993) (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) meet the
strength margins listed in SAE J1063 (Nov. 1993) Table 2.
    (ii) The following applies to equipment with pendant supported
lattice booms: The analysis methodology (computer modeling) must
demonstrate that all load cases listed in SAE J987 (Jun. 2003)
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  1926.6) meet the strength margins
listed in SAE J987 (Jun. 2003) Table 2.
    (iii) Analysis verification. The physical testing requirements
under SAE J1063 (Nov. 1993) (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
1926.6) and SAE J987 (Jun. 2003) (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
1926.6) must be met unless the reliability of the analysis methodology
(computer modeling) has been demonstrated by a documented history of
verification through strain gauge measuring or strain gauge measuring
in combination with other physical testing.
    (d) All equipment covered by this subpart must meet the following
requirements:
    (1) Rated capacity and related information. The information
available in the cab (see Sec.  1926.1417(c)) regarding ``rated
capacity'' and related information must include, at a minimum, the
following information:
    (i) A complete range of the manufacturer's equipment rated
capacities, as follows:
    (A) At all manufacturer approved operating radii, boom angles, work
areas, boom lengths and configurations, jib lengths and angles (or
offset).
    (B) Alternate ratings for use and nonuse of option equipment which
affects rated capacities, such as outriggers, stabilizers, and extra
counterweights.
    (ii) A work area chart for which capacities are listed in the load
chart. (Note: An example of this type of chart is in ASME B30.5-2004,
section 5-1.1.3, Figure 11).
    (iii) The work area figure and load chart must clearly indicate the
areas where no load is to be handled.
    (iv) Recommended reeving for the hoist lines must be shown.
    (v) Recommended parts of hoist reeving, size, and type of wire rope
for various equipment loads.
    (vi) Recommended boom hoist reeving diagram, where applicable;
size, type and length of wire rope.
    (vii) Tire pressure (where applicable).
    (viii) Caution or warnings relative to limitations on equipment and
operating procedures, including an indication of the least stable
direction.
    (ix) Position of the gantry and requirements for intermediate boom
suspension (where applicable).
    (x) Instructions for boom erection and conditions under which the
boom, or boom and jib combinations, may be raised or lowered.
    (xi) Whether the hoist holding mechanism is automatically or
manually controlled, whether free fall is available, or any combination
of these.
    (xii) The maximum telescopic travel length of each boom telescopic
section.
    (xiii) Whether sections are telescoped manually or with power.
    (xiv) The sequence and procedure for extending and retracting the
telescopic boom section.
    (xv) Maximum loads permitted during the boom extending operation,
and any limiting conditions or cautions.
    (xvi) Hydraulic relief valve settings specified by the
manufacturer.

    (2) Load hooks (including latched and unlatched types), ball
assemblies and load blocks must be of sufficient weight to overhaul the
line from the highest hook position for boom or boom and jib lengths
and the number of parts of the line in use.
    (3) Hook and ball assemblies and load blocks must be marked with
their rated capacity and weight.
    (4) Latching hooks.
    (i) Hooks must be equipped with latches, except where the
requirements of paragraph (d)(4)(ii) of this section are met.
    (ii) Hooks without latches, or with latches removed or disabled,
must not be used unless:
    (A) A qualified person has determined that it is safer to hoist and
place the load without latches (or with the latches removed/tied-back).
    (B) Routes for the loads are pre-planned to ensure that no employee
is required to work in the fall zone except for employees necessary for
the hooking or unhooking of the load.
    (iii) The latch must close the throat opening and be designed to
retain slings or other lifting devices/accessories in the hook when the
rigging apparatus is slack.
    (5) Posted warnings. Posted warnings required by this subpart as
well as those originally supplied with the equipment by the
manufacturer must be maintained in legible condition.
    (6) An accessible fire extinguisher must be on the equipment.
    (7) Cabs. Equipment with cabs must meet the following requirements:
    (i) Cabs must be designed with a form of adjustable ventilation and
method for clearing the windshield for maintaining visibility and air
circulation. Examples of means for adjustable ventilation include air
conditioner or window that can be opened (for ventilation and air
circulation); examples of means for maintaining visibility include
heater (for preventing windshield icing), defroster, fan, windshield
wiper.
    (ii) Cab doors (swinging, sliding) must be designed to prevent
inadvertent opening or closing while traveling or operating the
machine. Swinging doors adjacent to the operator must open outward.
Sliding operator doors must open rearward.
    (iii) Windows.
    (A) The cab must have windows in front and on both sides of the
operator. Forward vertical visibility must be sufficient to give the
operator a view of the boom point at all times.
    (B) Windows may have sections designed to be opened or readily
removed. Windows with sections designed to be opened must be designed
so that they can be secured to prevent inadvertent closure.
    (C) Windows must be of safety glass or material with similar
optical and safety properties, that introduce no visible distortion or
otherwise obscure visibility that interferes with the safe operation of
the equipment.
    (iv) A clear passageway must be provided from the operator's
station to an exit door on the operator's side.
    (v) Areas of the cab roof that serve as a workstation for rigging,
maintenance or other equipment-related tasks must be capable of
supporting 250 pounds without permanent distortion.
    (8) Belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, fly
wheels, chains, and other parts or components that reciprocate, rotate
or otherwise move must be guarded where contact by employees (except
for maintenance and repair employees) is possible in the performance of
normal duties.
    (9) All exhaust pipes, turbochargers, and charge air coolers must
be insulated or guarded where contact by employees (except for
maintenance and repair employees) is possible in the performance of
normal duties.
    (10) Hydraulic and pneumatic lines must be protected from damage to
the extent feasible.
    (11) The equipment must be designed so that exhaust fumes are not
discharged in the cab and are discharged in a direction away from the
operator.
    (12) Friction mechanisms. Where friction mechanisms (such as brakes
and clutches) are used to control the boom hoist or load line hoist,
they must be:
    (i) Of a size and thermal capacity sufficient to control all rated
loads with the minimum recommended reeving.
    (ii) Adjustable to permit compensation for lining wear to maintain
proper operation.
    (13) Hydraulic load hoists. Hydraulic drums must have an integrally
mounted holding device or internal static brake to prevent load hoist
movement in the event of hydraulic failure.
    (e) The employer's obligations under paragraphs (a) through (c) and
(d)(7) through (13) of this section are met where the equipment has not
changed (except in accordance with Sec.  1926.1434 (Equipment
modifications)) and it can refer to documentation from the manufacturer
showing that the equipment has been designed, constructed and tested in
accordance with those paragraphs.

Sec.  1926.1434  Equipment modifications.

    (a) Modifications or additions which affect the capacity or safe
operation of the equipment are prohibited except where the requirements
of paragraphs (a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), or (a)(5) of this section
are met.
    (1) Manufacturer review and approval.
    (i) The manufacturer approves the modifications/additions in
writing.
    (ii) The load charts, procedures, instruction manuals and
instruction plates/tags/decals are modified as necessary to accord with
the modification/addition.
    (iii) The original safety factor of the equipment is not reduced.
    (2) Manufacturer refusal to review request. The manufacturer is
provided a detailed description of the proposed modification/addition,
is asked to approve the modification/addition, but it declines to
review the technical merits of the proposal or fails, within 30 days,
to acknowledge the request or initiate the review, and all of the
following are met:
    (i) A registered professional engineer who is a qualified person
with respect to the equipment involved:
    (A) Approves the modification/addition and specifies the equipment
configurations to which that approval applies, and
    (B) Modifies load charts, procedures, instruction manuals and
instruction plates/tags/decals as necessary to accord with the
modification/addition.
    (ii) The original safety factor of the equipment is not reduced.
    (3) Unavailable manufacturer. The manufacturer is unavailable and
the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section are
met.
    (4) Manufacturer does not complete the review within 120 days of
the request. The manufacturer is provided a detailed description of the
proposed modification/addition, is asked to approve the modification/
addition, agrees to review the technical merits of the proposal, but
fails to complete the review of the proposal within 120 days of the
date it was provided the detailed description of the proposed
modification/addition, and the requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and
(ii) of this section are met.
    (5) Multiple manufacturers of equipment designed for use on marine
work sites. The equipment is designed for marine work sites, contains
major structural components from more than one manufacturer, and the
requirements of paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section are met.
    (b) Modifications or additions which affect the capacity or safe
operation of the equipment are prohibited where the manufacturer, after
a review of the technical safety merits of the proposed modification/
addition, rejects the proposal and explains the reasons for

the rejection in a written response. If the manufacturer rejects the
proposal but does not explain the reasons for the rejection in writing,
the employer may treat this as a manufacturer refusal to review the
request under paragraph (a)(2) of this section.
    (c) The provisions in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not
apply to modifications made or approved by the U.S. military.

Sec.  1926.1435  Tower cranes.

    (a) This section contains supplemental requirements for tower
cranes; all sections of this subpart apply to tower cranes unless
specified otherwise.
    (b) Erecting, climbing and dismantling.
    (1) Section 1926.1403 (Assembly/Disassembly--selection of
manufacturer or employer procedures), Sec.  1926.1404 (Assembly/
Disassembly--general requirements (applies to all assembly and
disassembly operations)), Sec.  1926.1405 (Disassembly--additional
requirements for dismantling of booms and jibs (applies to both the use
of manufacturer procedures and employer procedures)), and Sec.
1926.1406 (Assembly/Disassembly--employer procedures--general
requirements), apply to tower cranes (except as otherwise specified),
except that the term ``assembly/disassembly'' is replaced by
``erecting, climbing and dismantling,'' and the term ``disassembly'' is
replaced by ``dismantling.''
    (2) Dangerous areas (self-erecting tower cranes). In addition to
the requirements in Sec.  1926.1404(e), for self-erecting tower cranes,
the following applies: Employees must not be in or under the tower,
jib, or rotating portion of the crane during erecting, climbing and
dismantling operations until the crane is secured in a locked position
and the competent person in charge indicates it is safe to enter this
area, unless the manufacturer's instructions direct otherwise and only
the necessary personnel are permitted in this area.
    (3) Foundations and structural supports. Tower crane foundations
and structural supports (including both the portions of the structure
used for support and the means of attachment) must be designed by the
manufacturer or a registered professional engineer.
    (4) Addressing specific hazards. The requirements in Sec.
1926.1404(h)(1) through (9) apply. In addition, the A/D director must
address the following:
    (i) Foundations and structural supports. The A/D director must
determine that tower crane foundations and structural supports are
installed in accordance with their design.
    (ii) Loss of backward stability. Backward stability before swinging
self erecting cranes or cranes on traveling or static undercarriages.
    (iii) Wind speed. Wind must not exceed the speed recommended by the
manufacturer or, where manufacturer does not specify this information,
the speed determined by a qualified person.
    (5) Plumb tolerance. Towers must be erected plumb to the
manufacturer's tolerance and verified by a qualified person. Where the
manufacturer does not specify plumb tolerance, the crane tower must be
plumb to a tolerance of at least 1:500 (approximately 1 inch in 40
feet).
    (6) Multiple tower crane jobsites. On jobsites where more than one
fixed jib (hammerhead) tower crane is installed, the cranes must be
located such that no crane can come in contact with the structure of
another crane. Cranes are permitted to pass over one another.
    (7) Climbing procedures. Prior to, and during, all climbing
procedures (including inside climbing and top climbing), the employer
must:
    (i) Comply with all manufacturer prohibitions.
    (ii) Have a registered professional engineer verify that the host
structure is strong enough to sustain the forces imposed through the
braces, brace anchorages and supporting floors.
    (8) Counterweight/ballast.
    (i) Equipment must not be erected, dismantled or operated without
the amount and position of counterweight and/or ballast in place as
specified by the manufacturer or a registered professional engineer
familiar with the equipment.
    (ii) The maximum counterweight and/or ballast specified by the
manufacturer or registered professional engineer familiar with the
equipment must not be exceeded.
    (c) Signs. The size and location of signs installed on tower cranes
must be in accordance with manufacturer specifications. Where these are
unavailable, a registered professional engineer familiar with the type
of equipment involved must approve in writing the size and location of
any signs.
    (d) Safety devices.
    (1) Section 1926.1415 does not apply to tower cranes.
    (2) The following safety devices are required on all tower cranes
unless otherwise specified:
    (i) Boom stops on luffing boom type tower cranes.
    (ii) Jib stops on luffing boom type tower cranes if equipped with a
jib attachment.
    (iii) Travel rail end stops at both ends of travel rail.
    (iv) Travel rail clamps on all travel bogies.
    (v) Integrally mounted check valves on all load supporting
hydraulic cylinders.
    (vi) Hydraulic system pressure limiting device.
    (vii) The following brakes, which must automatically set in the
event of pressure loss or power failure, are required:
    (A) A hoist brake on all hoists.
    (B) Swing brake.
    (C) Trolley brake.
    (D) Rail travel brake.
    (viii) Deadman control or forced neutral return control (hand)
levers.
    (ix) Emergency stop switch at the operator's station.
    (x) Trolley end stops must be provided at both ends of travel of
the trolley.
    (3) Proper operation required. Operations must not begin unless the
devices listed in this section are in proper working order. If a device
stops working properly during operations, the operator must safely stop
operations. The equipment must be taken out of service, and operations
must not resume until the device is again working properly. See Sec.
1926.1417(f). Alternative measures are not permitted to be used.
    (e) Operational aids.
    (1) Section 1926.1416 does not apply to tower cranes.
    (2) The devices listed in this section (``operational aids'') are
required on all tower cranes covered by this subpart, unless otherwise
specified.
    (3) Operations must not begin unless the operational aids are in
proper working order, except where the employer meets the specified
temporary alternative measures. More protective alternative measures
specified by the tower crane manufacturer, if any, must be followed.
See Sec.  1926.1417(j) for additional requirements.
    (4) If an operational aid stops working properly during operations,
the operator must safely stop operations until the temporary
alternative measures are implemented or the device is again working
properly. If a replacement part is no longer available, the use of a
substitute device that performs the same type of function is permitted
and is not considered a modification under Sec.  1926.1434.
    (5) Category I operational aids and alternative measures.
Operational aids listed in this paragraph that are not working properly
must be repaired no later than 7 calendar days after the deficiency
occurs. Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered

the necessary parts within 7 calendar days of the occurrence of the
deficiency, the repair must be completed within 7 calendar days of
receipt of the parts.
    (i) Trolley travel limiting device. The travel of the trolley must
be restricted at both ends of the jib by a trolley travel limiting
device to prevent the trolley from running into the trolley end stops.
Temporary alternative measures:
    (A) Option A. The trolley rope must be marked (so it can be seen by
the operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to
stop the trolley prior to the end stops.
    (B) Option B. A spotter who is in direct communication with the
operator must be used when operations are conducted within 10 feet of
the outer or inner trolley end stops.
    (ii) Boom hoist limiting device. The range of the boom must be
limited at the minimum and maximum radius. Temporary alternative
measures: Clearly mark the cable (so it can be seen by the operator) at
a point that will give the operator sufficient time to stop the boom
hoist within the minimum and maximum boom radius, or use a spotter who
is in direct communication with the operator to inform the operator
when this point is reached.
    (iii) Anti two-blocking device. The tower crane must be equipped
with a device which automatically prevents damage from contact between
the load block, overhaul ball, or similar component, and the boom tip
(or fixed upper block or similar component). The device(s) must prevent
such damage at all points where two-blocking could occur. Temporary
alternative measures: Clearly mark the cable (so it can be seen by the
operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to
stop the hoist to prevent two-blocking, or use a spotter who is in
direct communication with the operator to inform the operator when this
point is reached.
    (iv) Hoist drum lower limiting device. Tower cranes manufactured
after November 8, 2011 must be equipped with a device that prevents the
last 2 wraps of hoist cable from being spooled off the drum. Temporary
alternative measures: Mark the cable (so it can be seen by the
operator) at a point that will give the operator sufficient time to
stop the hoist prior to last 2 wraps of hoist cable being spooled off
the drum, or use a spotter who is in direct communication with the
operator to inform the operator when this point is reached
    (v) Load moment limiting device. The tower crane must have a device
that prevents moment overloading. Temporary alternative measures: A
radius indicating device must be used (if the tower crane is not
equipped with a radius indicating device, the radius must be measured
to ensure the load is within the rated capacity of the crane). In
addition, the weight of the load must be determined from a source
recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer), or by a
calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating a
steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight), or by
other equally reliable means. This information must be provided to the
operator prior to the lift.
    (vi) Hoist line pull limiting device. The capacity of the hoist
must be limited to prevent overloading, including each individual gear
ratio if equipped with a multiple speed hoist transmission. Temporary
alternative measures: The operator must ensure that the weight of the
load does not exceed the capacity of the hoist (including for each
individual gear ratio if equipped with a multiple speed hoist
transmission).
    (vii) Rail travel limiting device. The travel distance in each
direction must be limited to prevent the travel bogies from running
into the end stops or buffers. Temporary alternative measures: A
spotter who is in direct communication with the operator must be used
when operations are conducted within 10 feet of either end of the
travel rail end stops; the spotter must inform the operator of the
distance of the travel bogies from the end stops or buffers.
    (viii) Boom hoist drum positive locking device and control. The
boom hoist drum must be equipped with a control that will enable the
operator to positively lock the boom hoist drum from the cab. Temporary
alternative measures: The device must be manually set when required if
an electric, hydraulic or automatic control is not functioning.
    (6) Category II operational aids and alternative measures.
Operational aids listed in this paragraph that are not working properly
must be repaired no later than 30 calendar days after the deficiency
occurs. Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered the
necessary parts within 7 calendar days of the occurrence of the
deficiency, and the part is not received in time to complete the repair
in 30 calendar days, the repair must be completed within 7 calendar
days of receipt of the parts.
    (i) Boom angle or hook radius indicator.
    (A) Luffing boom tower cranes must have a boom angle indicator
readable from the operator's station.
    (B) Hammerhead tower cranes manufactured after November 8, 2011
must have a hook radius indicator readable from the operator's station.
    (C) Temporary alternative measures: Hook radii or boom angle must
be determined by measuring the hook radii or boom angle with a
measuring device.
    (ii) Trolley travel deceleration device. The trolley speed must be
automatically reduced prior to the trolley reaching the end limit in
both directions. Temporary alternative measure: The employer must post
a notice in the cab of the crane notifying the operator that the
trolley travel deceleration device is malfunctioning and instructing
the operator to take special care to reduce the trolley speed when
approaching the trolley end limits.
    (iii) Boom hoist deceleration device. The boom speed must be
automatically reduced prior to the boom reaching the minimum or maximum
radius limit. Temporary alternative measure: The employer must post a
notice in the cab of the crane notifying the operator that the boom
hoist deceleration device is malfunctioning and instructing the
operator to take special care to reduce the boom speed when approaching
the minimum or maximum radius limits.
    (iv) Load hoist deceleration device. The load speed must be
automatically reduced prior to the hoist reaching the upper limit.
Temporary alternative measure: The employer must post a notice in the
cab of the crane notifying the operator that the load hoist
deceleration device is malfunctioning and instructing the operator to
take special care to reduce the load speed when approaching the upper
limits.
    (v) Wind speed indicator. A device must be provided to display the
wind speed and must be mounted above the upper rotating structure on
tower cranes. On self erecting cranes, it must be mounted at or above
the jib level. Temporary alternative measures: Use of wind speed
information from a properly functioning indicating device on another
tower crane on the same site, or a qualified person estimates the wind
speed.
    (vi) Load indicating device. Cranes manufactured after November 8,
2011 must have a device that displays the magnitude of the load on the
hook. Displays that are part of load moment limiting devices that
display the load on the hook meet this requirement. Temporary
alternative measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a
source recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer), or
by a calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating
a steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight), or
by other equally reliable

means. This information must be provided to the operator prior to the
lift.
    (f) Inspections.
    (1) Section 1926.1412 (Inspections) applies to tower cranes, except
that the term ``assembly'' is replaced by ``erection.'' Section
1926.1413 (Wire rope--inspection) applies to tower cranes.
    (2) Pre-erection inspection. Before each crane component is
erected, it must be inspected by a qualified person for damage or
excessive wear.
    (i) The qualified person must pay particular attention to
components that will be difficult to inspect thoroughly during shift
inspections.
    (ii) If the qualified person determines that a component is damaged
or worn to the extent that it would create a safety hazard if used on
the crane, that component must not be erected on the crane unless it is
repaired and, upon reinspection by the qualified person, found to no
longer create a safety hazard.
    (iii) If the qualified person determines that, though not presently
a safety hazard, the component needs to be monitored, the employer must
ensure that the component is checked in the monthly inspections. Any
such determination must be documented, and the documentation must be
available to any individual who conducts a monthly inspection.
    (3) Post-erection inspection. In addition to the requirements in
Sec.  1926.1412(c), the following requirements must be met:
    (i) A load test using certified weights, or scaled weights using a
certified scale with a current certificate of calibration, must be
conducted after each erection.
    (ii) The load test must be conducted in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions when available. Where these instructions
are unavailable, the test must be conducted in accordance with written
load test procedures developed by a registered professional engineer
familiar with the type of equipment involved.
    (4) Monthly. The following additional items must be included:
    (i) Tower (mast) bolts and other structural bolts (for loose or
dislodged condition) from the base of the tower crane up or, if the
crane is tied to or braced by the structure, those above the upper-most
brace support.
    (ii) The upper-most tie-in, braces, floor supports and floor wedges
where the tower crane is supported by the structure, for loose or
dislodged components.
    (5) Annual. In addition to the items that must be inspected under
Sec.  1926.1412(f), all turntable and tower bolts must be inspected for
proper condition and torque.

Sec.  1926.1436  Derricks.

    (a) This section contains supplemental requirements for derricks,
whether temporarily or permanently mounted; all sections of this
subpart apply to derricks unless specified otherwise. A derrick is
powered equipment consisting of a mast or equivalent member that is
held at or near the end by guys or braces, with or without a boom, and
its hoisting mechanism. The mast/equivalent member and/or the load is
moved by the hoisting mechanism (typically base-mounted) and operating
ropes. Derricks include: A-frame, basket, breast, Chicago boom, gin
pole (except gin poles used for erection of communication towers), guy,
shearleg, stiffleg, and variations of such equipment.
    (b) Operation--procedures.
    (1) Section 1926.1417 (Operation) applies except for Sec.
1926.1417(c) (Accessibility of procedures).
    (2) Load chart contents. Load charts must contain at least the
following information:
    (i) Rated capacity at corresponding ranges of boom angle or
operating radii.
    (ii) Specific lengths of components to which the rated capacities
apply.
    (iii) Required parts for hoist reeving.
    (iv) Size and construction of rope must be included on the load
chart or in the operating manual.
    (3) Load chart location.
    (i) Permanent installations. For permanently installed derricks
with fixed lengths of boom, guy, and mast, a load chart must be posted
where it is visible to personnel responsible for the operation of the
equipment.
    (ii) Non-permanent installations. For derricks that are not
permanently installed, the load chart must be readily available at the
job site to personnel responsible for the operation of the equipment.
    (c) Construction.
    (1) General requirements.
    (i) Derricks must be constructed to meet all stresses imposed on
members and components when installed and operated in accordance with
the manufacturer's/builder's procedures and within its rated capacity.
    (ii) Welding of load sustaining members must conform to recommended
practices in ANSI/AWS D14.3-94 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
1926.6) or AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2002 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.
1926.6).
    (2) Guy derricks.
    (i) The minimum number of guys must be 6, with equal spacing,
except where a qualified person or derrick manufacturer approves
variations from these requirements and revises the rated capacity to
compensate for such variations.
    (ii) Guy derricks must not be used unless the employer has the
following guy information from the manufacturer or a qualified person,
when not available from the manufacturer:
    (A) The number of guys.
    (B) The spacing around the mast.
    (C) The size, grade, and construction of rope to be used for each
guy.
    (iii) For guy derricks manufactured after December 18, 1970, in
addition to the information required in paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this
section, the employer must have the following guy information from the
manufacturer or a qualified person, when not available from the
manufacturer:
    (A) The amount of initial sag or tension.
    (B) The amount of tension in guy line rope at anchor.
    (iv) The mast base must permit the mast to rotate freely with
allowance for slight tilting of the mast caused by guy slack.
    (v) The mast cap must:
    (A) Permit the mast to rotate freely.
    (B) Withstand tilting and cramping caused by the guy loads.
    (C) Be secured to the mast to prevent disengagement during
erection.
    (D) Be provided with means for attaching guy ropes.
    (3) Stiffleg derricks.
    (i) The mast must be supported in the vertical position by at least
two stifflegs; one end of each must be connected to the top of the mast
and the other end securely anchored.
    (ii) The stifflegs must be capable of withstanding the loads
imposed at any point of operation within the load chart range.
    (iii) The mast base must:
    (A) Permit the mast to rotate freely (when necessary).
    (B) Permit deflection of the mast without binding.
    (iv) The mast must be prevented from lifting out of its socket when
the mast is in tension.
    (v) The stiffleg connecting member at the top of the mast must:
    (A) Permit the mast to rotate freely (when necessary).
    (B) Withstand the loads imposed by the action of the stifflegs.
    (C) Be secured so as to oppose separating forces.
    (4) Gin pole derricks.
    (i) Guy lines must be sized and spaced so as to make the gin pole
stable in both boomed and vertical positions. Exception: Where the size
and/or

spacing of guy lines do not result in the gin pole being stable in both
boomed and vertical positions, the employer must ensure that the
derrick is not used in an unstable position.
    (ii) The base of the gin pole must permit movement of the pole
(when necessary).
    (iii) The gin pole must be anchored at the base against horizontal
forces (when such forces are present).
    (5) Chicago boom derricks. The fittings for stepping the boom and
for attaching the topping lift must be arranged to:
    (i) Permit the derrick to swing at all permitted operating radii
and mounting heights between fittings.
    (ii) Accommodate attachment to the upright member of the host
structure.
    (iii) Withstand the forces applied when configured and operated in
accordance with the manufacturer's/builder's procedures and within its
rated capacity.
    (iv) Prevent the boom or topping lift from lifting out under
tensile forces.
    (d) Anchoring and guying.
    (1) Load anchoring data developed by the manufacturer or a
qualified person must be used.
    (2) Guy derricks.
    (i) The mast base must be anchored.
    (ii) The guys must be secured to the ground or other firm
anchorage.
    (iii) The anchorage and guying must be designed to withstand
maximum horizontal and vertical forces encountered when operating
within rated capacity with the particular guy slope and spacing
specified for the application.
    (3) Stiffleg derricks.
    (i) The mast base and stifflegs must be anchored.
    (ii) The mast base and stifflegs must be designed to withstand
maximum horizontal and vertical forces encountered when operating
within rated capacity with the particular stiffleg spacing and slope
specified for the application.
    (e) Swingers and hoists.
    (1) The boom, swinger mechanisms and hoists must be suitable for
the derrick work intended and must be anchored to prevent displacement
from the imposed loads.
    (2) Hoists.
    (i) Base mounted drum hoists must meet the requirements in the
following sections of ASME B30.7-2001 (incorporated by reference, see
Sec.  1926.6):
    (A) Sections 7-1.1 (``Load ratings and markings'').
    (B) Section 7-1.2 (``Construction''), except: 7-1.2.13
(``Operator's cab''); 7-1.2.15 (``Fire extinguishers'').
    (C) Section 7-1.3 (``Installation'').
    (D) Applicable terms in section 7-0.2 (``Definitions'').
    (ii) Load tests for new hoists. The employer must ensure that new
hoists are load tested to a minimum of 110% of rated capacity, but not
more than 125% of rated capacity, unless otherwise recommended by the
manufacturer. This requirement is met where the manufacturer has
conducted this testing.
    (iii) Repaired or modified hoists. Hoists that have had repairs,
modifications or additions affecting their capacity or safe operation
must be evaluated by a qualified person to determine if a load test is
necessary. If it is, load testing must be conducted in accordance with
paragraphs (e)(2)(ii) and (iv) of this section.
    (iv) Load test procedure. Load tests required by paragraphs
(e)(2)(ii) or (e)(2)(iii) of this section must be conducted as follows:
    (A) The test load must be hoisted a vertical distance to assure
that the load is supported by the hoist and held by the hoist brake(s).
    (B) The test load must be lowered, stopped and held with the
brake(s).
    (C) The hoist must not be used unless a competent person determines
that the test has been passed.
    (f) Operational aids.
    (1) Section 1926.1416 (Operational aids) applies, except for Sec.
1926.1416(d)(1) (Boom hoist limiting device), Sec.  1926.1416(e)(1)
(Boom angle or radius indicator), and Sec.  1926.1416(e)(4) (Load
weighing and similar devices).
    (2) Boom angle aid. A boom angle indicator is not required but if
the derrick is not equipped with a functioning one, the employer must
ensure that either:
    (i) The boom hoist cable must be marked with caution and stop
marks. The stop marks must correspond to maximum and minimum allowable
boom angles. The caution and stop marks must be in view of the
operator, or a spotter who is in direct communication with the
operator; or
    (ii) An electronic or other device that signals the operator in
time to prevent the boom from moving past its maximum and minimum
angles, or automatically prevents such movement, is used.
    (3) Load weight/capacity devices.
    (i) Derricks manufactured more than one year after November 8, 2010
with a maximum rated capacity over 6,000 pounds must have at least one
of the following: load weighing device, load moment indicator, rated
capacity indicator, or rated capacity limiter. Temporary alternative
measures: The weight of the load must be determined from a source
recognized by the industry (such as the load's manufacturer), or by a
calculation method recognized by the industry (such as calculating a
steel beam from measured dimensions and a known per foot weight), or by
other equally reliable means. This information must be provided to the
operator prior to the lift. See Sec.  1926.1417(j) for additional
requirements.
    (ii) A load weight/capacity device that is not working properly
must be repaired no later than 30 days after the deficiency occurs.
Exception: If the employer documents that it has ordered the necessary
parts within 7 days of the occurrence of the deficiency, and the part
is not received in time to complete the repair in 30 days, the repair
must be completed within 7 days of receipt of the parts.
    (g) Post-assembly approval and testing--new or reinstalled
derricks.
    (1) Anchorages.
    (i) Anchorages, including the structure to which the derrick is
attached (if applicable), must be approved by a qualified person.
    (ii) If using a rock or hairpin anchorage, the qualified person
must determine if any special testing of the anchorage is needed. If
so, it must be tested accordingly.
    (2) Functional test. Prior to initial use, new or reinstalled
derricks must be tested by a competent person with no hook load to
verify proper operation. This test must include:
    (i) Lifting and lowering the hook(s) through the full range of hook
travel.
    (ii) Raising and lowering the boom through the full range of boom
travel.
    (iii) Swinging in each direction through the full range of swing.
    (iv) Actuating the anti two-block and boom hoist limit devices (if
provided).
    (v) Actuating locking, limiting and indicating devices (if
provided).
    (3) Load test. Prior to initial use, new or reinstalled derricks
must be load tested by a competent person. The test load must meet the
following requirements:
    (i) Test loads must be at least 100% and no more than 110% of the
rated capacity, unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer or
qualified person, but in no event must the test load be less than the
maximum anticipated load.
    (ii) The test must consist of:
    (A) Hoisting the test load a few inches and holding to verify that
the load is supported by the derrick and held by the hoist brake(s).
    (B) Swinging the derrick, if applicable, the full range of its
swing, at

the maximum allowable working radius for the test load.
    (C) Booming the derrick up and down within the allowable working
radius for the test load.
    (D) Lowering, stopping and holding the load with the brake(s).
    (iii) The derrick must not be used unless the competent person
determines that the test has been passed.
    (4) Documentation. Tests conducted under this paragraph must be
documented. The document must contain the date, test results and the
name of the tester. The document must be retained until the derrick is
re-tested or dismantled, whichever occurs first. All such documents
must be available, during the applicable document retention period, to
all persons who conduct inspections in accordance with Sec.  1926.1412.
    (h) Load testing repaired or modified derricks. Derricks that have
had repairs, modifications or additions affecting the derrick's
capacity or safe operation must be evaluated by a qualified person to
determine if a load test is necessary. If it is, load testing must be
conducted and documented in accordance with paragraph (g) of this
section.
    (i) [Reserved.]
    (j) Power failure procedures. If power fails during operations, the
derrick operator must safely stop operations. This must include:
    (1) Setting all brakes or locking devices.
    (2) Moving all clutch and other power controls to the off position.
    (k) Use of winch heads.
    (1) Ropes must not be handled on a winch head without the knowledge
of the operator.
    (2) While a winch head is being used, the operator must be within
reach of the power unit control lever.
    (l) [Reserved.]
    (m) Securing the boom.
    (1) When the boom is being held in a fixed position, dogs, pawls,
or other positive holding mechanisms on the boom hoist must be engaged.
    (2) When taken out of service for 30 days or more, the boom must be
secured by one of the following methods:
    (i) Laid down.
    (ii) Secured to a stationary member, as nearly under the head as
possible, by attachment of a sling to the load block.
    (iii) For guy derricks, lifted to a vertical position and secured
to the mast.
    (iv) For stiffleg derricks, secured against the stiffleg.
    (n) The process of jumping the derrick must be supervised by the A/
D director.
    (o) Derrick operations must be supervised by a competent person.
    (p) Inspections. In addition to the requirements in Sec.
1926.1412, the following additional items must be included in the
inspections:
    (1) Daily: Guys for proper tension.
    (2) Annual.
    (i) Gudgeon pin for cracks, wear, and distortion.
    (ii) Foundation supports for continued ability to sustain the
imposed loads.
    (q) Qualification and Training. The employer must train each
operator of a derrick on the safe operation of equipment the individual
will operate. Section 1926.1427 of this subpart (Operator qualification
and certification) does not apply.

Sec.  1926.1437  Floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on
barges.

    (a) This section contains supplemental requirements for floating
cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges, pontoons, vessels
or other means of flotation (i.e., vessel/flotation device). The
sections of this subpart apply to floating cranes/derricks and land
cranes/derricks on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of
flotation, unless specified otherwise. The requirements of this section
do not apply when using jacked barges when the jacks are deployed to
the river, lake, or sea bed and the barge is fully supported by the
jacks.
    (b) General requirements. The requirements in paragraphs (c)
through (k) of this section apply to both floating cranes/derricks and
land cranes/derricks on barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of
flotation.
    (c) Work area control.
    (1) The requirements of Sec.  1926.1424 (Work area control) apply,
except for Sec.  1926.1424(a)(2)(ii).
    (2) The employer must either:
    (i) Erect and maintain control lines, warning lines, railings or
similar barriers to mark the boundaries of the hazard areas; or
    (ii) Clearly mark the hazard areas by a combination of warning
signs (such as, ``Danger--Swing/Crush Zone'') and high visibility
markings on the equipment that identify the hazard areas. In addition,
the employer must train each employee to understand what these markings
signify.
    (d) Keeping clear of the load. Section 1926.1425 does not apply.
    (e) Additional safety devices. In addition to the safety devices
listed in Sec.  1926.1415, the following safety devices are required:
    (1) Barge, pontoon, vessel or other means of flotation list and
trim device. The safety device must be located in the cab or, when
there is no cab, at the operator's station.
    (2) Positive equipment house lock.
    (3) Wind speed and direction indicator. A competent person must
determine if wind is a factor that needs to be considered; if wind
needs to be considered, a wind speed and direction indicator must be
used.
    (f) Operational aids.
    (1) An anti two-block device is required only when hoisting
personnel or hoisting over an occupied cofferdam or shaft.
    (2) Section 1926.1416(e)(4) (Load weighing and similar devices)
does not apply to dragline, clamshell (grapple), magnet, drop ball,
container handling, concrete bucket, and pile driving work performed
under this section.
    (g) Accessibility of procedures applicable to equipment operation.
If the crane/derrick has a cab, the requirements of Sec.  1926.1417(c)
apply. If the crane/derrick does not have a cab, the employer must
ensure that:
    (1) Rated capacities (load charts) are posted at the operator's
station. If the operator's station is moveable (such as with pendant-
controlled equipment), the load charts are posted on the equipment.
    (2) Procedures applicable to the operation of the equipment (other
than load charts), recommended operating speeds, special hazard
warnings, instructions and operators manual, must be readily available
on board the vessel/flotation device.
    (h) Inspections. In addition to meeting the requirements of Sec.
1926.1412 for inspecting the crane/derrick, the employer must inspect
the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation used to support
a floating crane/derrick or land crane/derrick, and ensure that:
    (1) Shift. For each shift inspection, the means used to secure/
attach the equipment to the vessel/flotation device is in proper
condition, including wear, corrosion, loose or missing fasteners,
defective welds, and (when applicable) insufficient tension.
    (2) Monthly. For each monthly inspection:
    (i) The means used to secure/attach the equipment to the vessel/
flotation device is in proper condition, including inspection for wear,
corrosion, and, when applicable, insufficient tension.
    (ii) The vessel/flotation device is not taking on water.
    (iii) The deckload is properly secured.
    (iv) The vessel/flotation device is watertight based on the
condition of the chain lockers, storage, fuel compartments, and
hatches.
    (v) The firefighting and lifesaving equipment is in place and
functional.

    (3) The shift and monthly inspections are conducted by a competent
person, and:
    (i) If any deficiency is identified, an immediate determination is
made by a qualified person whether the deficiency constitutes a hazard.
    (ii) If the deficiency is determined to constitute a hazard, the
vessel/flotation device is removed from service until the deficiency
has been corrected.
    (4) Annual: external vessel/flotation device inspection. For each
annual inspection:
    (i) The external portion of the barge, pontoons, vessel or other
means of flotation used is inspected annually by a qualified person who
has expertise with respect to vessels/flotation devices and that the
inspection includes the following items:
    (A) The items identified in paragraphs (h)(1) (Shift) and (h)(2)
(Monthly) of this section.
    (B) Cleats, bitts, chocks, fenders, capstans, ladders, and
stanchions, for significant corrosion, wear, deterioration, or
deformation that could impair the function of these items.
    (C) External evidence of leaks and structural damage; evidence of
leaks and damage below the waterline may be determined through internal
inspection of the vessel/flotation device.
    (D) Four-corner draft readings.
    (E) Firefighting equipment for serviceability.
    (ii) Rescue skiffs, lifelines, work vests, life preservers and ring
buoys are inspected for proper condition.
    (iii) If any deficiency is identified, an immediate determination
is made by the qualified person whether the deficiency constitutes a
hazard or, though not yet a hazard, needs to be monitored in the
monthly inspections.
    (A) If the qualified person determines that the deficiency
constitutes a hazard, the vessel/flotation device is removed from
service until it has been corrected. See requirements in Sec.
1926.1417(f).
    (B) If the qualified person determines that, though not presently a
hazard, the deficiency needs to be monitored, the deficiency is checked
in the monthly inspections.
    (5) Four-year: internal vessel/flotation device inspection. For
each four-year inspection:
    (i) A marine engineer, marine architect, licensed surveyor, or
other qualified person who has expertise with respect to vessels/
flotation devices surveys the internal portion of the barge, pontoons,
vessel, or other means of flotation.
    (ii) If the surveyor identifies a deficiency, an immediate
determination is made by the surveyor as to whether the deficiency
constitutes a hazard or, though not yet a hazard, needs to be monitored
in the monthly or annual inspections, as appropriate.
    (A) If the surveyor determines that the deficiency constitutes a
hazard, the vessel/flotation device is removed from service until it
has been corrected.
    (B) If the surveyor determines that, though not presently a hazard,
the deficiency needs to be monitored, the deficiency is checked in the
monthly or annual inspections, as appropriate.
    (6) Documentation. The monthly and annual inspections required in
paragraphs (h)(2) and (h)(4) of this section are documented in
accordance with Sec. Sec.  1926.1412 (e)(3) and 1926.1412(f)(7),
respectively, and that the four-year inspection required in paragraph
(h)(5) of this section is documented in accordance with Sec.
1926.1412(f)(7), except that the documentation for that inspection must
be retained for a minimum of 4 years. All such documents must be made
available, during the applicable document retention period, to all
persons who conduct inspections in accordance with Sec.  1926.1412.
    (i) [Reserved.]
    (j) Working with a diver. The employer must meet the following
additional requirements when working with a diver in the water:
    (1) If a crane/derrick is used to get a diver into and out of the
water, it must not be used for any other purpose until the diver is
back on board. When used for more than one diver, it must not be used
for any other purpose until all divers are back on board.
    (2) The operator must remain at the controls of the crane/derrick
at all times.
    (3) In addition to the requirements in Sec. Sec.  1926.1419 through
1926.1422 (Signals), either:
    (i) A clear line of sight must be maintained between the operator
and tender; or
    (ii) The signals between the operator and tender must be
transmitted electronically.
    (4) The means used to secure the crane/derrick to the vessel/
flotation device (see paragraph (n)(5) of this section) must not allow
any amount of shifting in any direction.
    (k) Manufacturer's specifications and limitations.
    (1) The employer must ensure that the barge, pontoons, vessel, or
other means of flotation must be capable of withstanding imposed
environmental, operational and in-transit loads when used in accordance
with the manufacturer's specifications and limitations.
    (2) The employer must ensure that the manufacturer's specifications
and limitations with respect to environmental, operational, and in-
transit loads for a barge, pontoon, vessel, or other means of flotation
are not exceeded or violated.
    (3) When the manufacturer's specifications and limitations are
unavailable, the employer must ensure that the specifications and
limitations established by a qualified person with respect to
environmental, operational and in-transit loads for the barge,
pontoons, vessel, or other means of flotation are not exceeded or
violated.
    (l) [Reserved.]
    (m) Floating cranes/derricks. For equipment designed by the
manufacturer (or employer) for marine use by permanent attachment to
barges, pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation:
    (1) Load charts.
    (i) The employer must not exceed the manufacturer load charts
applicable to operations on water. When using these charts, the
employer must comply with all parameters and limitations (such as
dynamic and environmental parameters) applicable to the use of the
charts.
    (ii) The employer must ensure that load charts take into
consideration a minimum wind speed of 40 miles per hour.
    (2) The employer must ensure that the requirements for maximum
allowable list and maximum allowable trim as specified in Table M1 of
this section are met.

                                Table M1
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Maximum    Maximum
                                                    allowable  allowable
                  Rated capacity                       list       trim
                                                    (degrees)  (degrees)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equipment designed for marine use by permanent
 attachment (other than derricks):
25 tons or less...................................          5          5
Over 25 tons......................................          7          7
Derricks designed for marine use by permanent
 attachment:
Any rated capacity................................         10         10
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) The employer must ensure that the equipment is stable under the
conditions specified in Tables M2 and M3 of this section. (Note:
Freeboard is the vertical distance between the water line and the main
deck of the vessel.)

                                Table M2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       Wind     Minimum
                    Operated at                       speed    freeboard
                                                      (mph)       (ft)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rated capacity....................................         60          2
Rated capacity plus 25%...........................         60          1
High boom, no load................................         60          2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                Table M3
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Operated at                          Wind speed
------------------------------------------------------------------------
For backward stability of the boom:
High boom, no load, full back list (least     90 mph.
 stable condition).
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) If the equipment is employer-made, it must not be used unless
the employer has documents demonstrating that the load charts and
applicable parameters for use meet the requirements of paragraphs
(m)(1) through (3) of this section. Such documents must be signed by a
registered professional engineer who is a qualified person with respect
to the design of this type of equipment (including the means of
flotation).
    (5) The employer must ensure that the barge, pontoons, vessel or
other means of flotation used:
    (i) Are structurally sufficient to withstand the static and dynamic
loads of the crane/derrick when operating at the crane/derrick's
maximum rated capacity with all planned and actual deck loads and
ballasted compartments.
    (ii) Have a subdivided hull with one or more longitudinal
watertight bulkheads for reducing the free-surface effect.
    (iii) Have access to void compartments to allow for inspection and
pumping.
    (n) Land cranes/derricks. For land cranes/derricks used on barges,
pontoons, vessels or other means of flotation, the employer must ensure
that:
    (1) The rated capacity of the equipment (including but not limited
to modification of load charts) applicable for use on land is reduced
to:
    (i) Account for increased loading from list, trim, wave action, and
wind.
    (ii) Be applicable to a specified location(s) on the specific
barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of flotation that will be used,
under the environmental conditions expected and encountered.
    (iii) The conditions required in paragraphs (n)(3) and (n)(4) of
this section are met.
    (2) The rated capacity modification required in paragraph (n)(1) of
this section is performed by the equipment manufacturer, or a qualified
person who has expertise with respect to both land crane/derrick
capacity and the stability of vessels/flotation devices.
    (3) For list and trim.
    (i) The maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim for
the barge, pontoon, vessel or other means of flotation must not exceed
the amount necessary to ensure that the conditions in paragraph (n)(4)
of this section are met. In addition, the maximum allowable list and
the maximum allowable trim does not exceed the least of the following:
5 degrees, the amount specified by the crane/derrick manufacturer, or,
when, an amount is not so specified, the amount specified by the
qualified person.
    (ii) The maximum allowable list and the maximum allowable trim for
the land crane/derrick does not exceed the amount specified by the
crane/derrick manufacturer, or, when, an amount is not so specified,
the amount specified by the qualified person.
    (4) For the following conditions:
    (i) All deck surfaces of the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means
of flotation used are above water.
    (ii) The entire bottom area of the barge, pontoons, vessel or other
means of flotation used is submerged.
    (5) Physical attachment, corralling, rails system and centerline
cable system meet the requirements in Option (1), Option (2), Option
(3), or Option (4) of this section, and that whichever option is used
also meets the requirements of paragraph (n)(5)(v) of this section.
    (i) Option (1)--Physical attachment. The crane/derrick is
physically attached to the barge, pontoons, vessel or other means of
flotation. Methods of physical attachment include crossed-cable systems
attached to the crane/derrick and vessel/flotation device, bolting or
welding the crane/derrick to the vessel/flotation device, strapping the
crane/derrick to the vessel/flotation device with chains, or other
methods of physical attachment.