Literature Search Regarding Detection and Quantitation Limit Concepts June 2002 Introduction Beginning in 2001, DynCorp staff conducted a search of published literature to identify articles that discuss detection and quantitation limit concepts. This literature search effort was conducted under EPA Contract No. 68 C 01 091 to support an evaluation of detection and quantitation limit concepts by the EPA Office of Water.

The principal goal of this literature search effort was to determine if any new detection or quantitation limit concepts had been published in the literature since an earlier search conducted for EPA by Science Applications International Corporation ( SAIC) in 1997 and 1998. That search resulted in an annotated bibliography developed by SAIC and delivered to EPA in 1998.

The results of the DynCorp literature search are summarized in Attachment 1.

How the search was conducted This search was conducted using two major techniques:

  a search of an on line citation index ( an index of articles cited by other authors) and   a general on line search of published literature.

On line citation index search Because the search was intended to identify detection and quantitation limit concepts and not specific numeric limits associated with a particular analytical method, DynCorp began by searching for references to the major concepts known to EPA. These included the Agency s method detection limit ( MDL) and any other terms that have been suggested to the Agency as alternative detection or quantitation limit concepts. In addition to searching for these concepts, DynCorp also searched the citation index to identify references to the original authors of these concepts and for any other authors who either cited the original concepts, the original papers underlying those concepts, or the authors of those concepts. DynCorp used a similar approach to find any papers that cited the references identified in the earlier literature search by SAIC.

DynCorp staff evaluated the full title of each identified citation to determine its relevance to EPA s objective. Where available electronically and at no additional cost, DynCorp staff also reviewed the abstract and/ or full paper to further characterize relevance. All papers that were determined to be relevant, or even possibly relevant, were obtained in hardcopy or electronic format for evaluation by EPA.

After reviewing all papers determined to be relevant to EPA s objective, DynCorp examined all of the references cited in those papers to identify additional papers of interest. These, too, were obtained in hardcopy or electronic format for evaluation by EPA, except where noted below General on line literature search DynCorp performed an on line direct search of published literature ( e. g., a literature database of published articles, not a citation index) using general terms such as " detection limit," " quantitation limit," or " calibration." As expected, this approach returned a very large numbers of papers that mention Detection and Quantitation Literature Search 1 June 2002 these terms, even if the focus of the paper was on something far removed from the development or assessment of concepts about detection and quantitation, and proved to be of limited value in serving EPA s objectives for the search. Therefore, DynCorp discontinued this effort and narrowed the on line literature search to a search for additional, uncited works by authors of the concepts known to EPA or identified through the citation index approach.

Papers determined to be relevant to EPA s objective were obtained in electronic or hardcopy format for evaluation by EPA, except where noted below.

How the results are presented DynCorp identified a total of 160 relevant publications using the approach described above. Thirty three ( 33) of these publications were also identified in the earlier search by SAIC. Of the 127 remaining publications, 35 were published since the SAIC search was completed.

Each of the 160 publications identified in the search is listed in Attachment 1, which provides the title, year of publication, authors, and source citation. The citations for the 33 papers identified in the earlier search by SAIC are included in the attachment, and can be identified by the phrase " annotated only" in parentheses after the title of the paper.

The final column of the attached spreadsheet is labeled " Category." All of the citations identified in the SAIC literature search and the current search conducted by DynCorp were placed in one of the six following categories, based on the principal characteristic of the article:

  Background  The citation discusses background information ( including early works by Currie, Kaiser, and others).   Calibration concept  The citation primarily deals with calibration of analytical instrumentation   Critique  The major thrust of the citation is to critique one or more concepts, as opposed to introducing a new concept   Multi laboratory concept  The citation describes an approach to developing detection and/ or quantitation limits that relies on multi laboratory measurements   Single laboratory concept  The citation describes an approach to developing detection and/ or quantitation limits that relies on single laboratory measurements   Single laboratory, multi level concept  The citation describes an approach to developing detection and/ or quantitation limits that relies on single laboratory measurements but explicitly includes multiple concentrations.

Although there is some degree of overlap between categories, and some papers could probably be classified in more than one category, each citation was classified into only one category for the purposes of this search.

A seventh category called " Not found" was used for three papers that were identified in the literature search, but copies of which could not readily be obtained. One paper is from a German journal that was not available via interlibrary loan. A second article was also not available via interlibrary loan. The third citation is an abstract by Currie, from 1983. Given that the work of Currie is well represented in the other citations and the fact that this citation appears to be only an abstract, additional efforts were not expended to obtain a copy.

The references presented in Attachment 1 were sorted by category and year of publication and are displayed with the most recent citations in each category first.

Detection and Quantitation Literature Search 2 June 2002 Summary The principal goal of this literature search effort was to determine if any new detection or quantitation limit concepts had been published in the literature since the search by SAIC in 1997 1998. As anticipated, citations were identified that relate to the recent efforts of the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO), the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists ( IUPAC), and the American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM). Additional articles critiquing various concepts were identified as well.

However, no previously unknown detection or quantitation limit concepts were uncovered as a result of this effort.

Detection and Quantitation Literature Search 3 June 2002 ATTACHMENT 1 Results of the Literature Search Regarding Detection and Quantitation Limit Concepts June 2002 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Some Case Studies of Skewed ( and other ab normal) Data 2001 L. A. Currie Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 370: 705 718 Background Distributions Arising in Low Level Environmental Research Legislative Limits Below Detection Capability 2000 S. L. R. Ellison, V. J. Barwick, A. Accreditation Quality Assurance 5: 308 313 Background Williams International Recommendations Offered on Analytical 1999 L. A. Currie Analytica Chimica Acta 391: 103 Background Detection and Quantification Concepts and Nomenclature Detection and Quantifation Limits: Origins and Historical 1999 L. A. Currie Analytica Chimica Acta 391: 127 134 Background Overview 1996 ASMS Fall Workshop: Limits to Confirmation, 1997 R. Baldwin, R. A. Bethem, R. K. Boyd, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry 8: 1180 Background Quantitation, and Detection W. L. Budde, T. Cairns, R. D. Gibbons, 1190 J. D. Henion, M. A. Kaiser,

Measurement precision and 1/ f Noise in Analytical 1996 Y. Hayashi, R. Matsuda, R. B. Poe Journal of Chromatography A 722: 157 167 Background Instruments Fossil and Bio mass Combustion: C 14 for Source 1994 L. A. Currie, G. A. Klouda, D. B. Nuclear Instr. And Methods in Physics Res. B 92: 404 409 Background Identification, Chemical Tracer Development, and Model Klinedinst, A. E. Sheffield, A. J. T. Jull, Validation D. J. Donahue, M. V. Connolly Interlaboratory Comparison of Instruments Used for the 1994 D. E. Kimbrough, J. Wakakuwa Analyst 119: 383 388 Background Determination of Elements in Acid Digestates of Solids Throwaway Data 1994 L. H. Keith Environmental Science & Technology 28: 389A 390A Background EPA's Office of Water Surges Toward MDL Solution 1994 Larry Keith Radian Background In Pursuit of Accuracy: Nomenclature, Assumptions, and 1992 L. A. Currie Pure & Applied Chemistry 64: 455 472 Background Standards ( annotated only) Interlaboratory Aspects of Detection Limits Used for 1988 L. B. Rogers ACS Symposium Series 361: 94 108 Background Regulatory and Control Purposes Noise and Detection Limits in Signal Integrating Analytical 1988 H. C. Smit, H. Steigstra ACS Symposium Series 361: 126 148 Background Methods Effects of Analytical Calibration Models on Detection Limit 1988 K. G. Owens, C. F. Bauer, C. L. Grantr ACS Symposium Series 361: 194 207 Background Estimates Real World Limitations to Detection 1988 D. Kurtz, J. Taylor, L. Sturdivan, ACS Symposium Series 361: 288 316 Background W. Crummett, C. Midkiff, R. Watters Jr, L. Wood, W. Hanneman, W. Horwitz Detection Limits  A Systematic Approach to Detection 1986 S. A. Borman Analytical Chemistry 58: A986 Background Limits is Needed When Trace Determinations are to be Performed Chemometrics and Analytical Chemistry 1984 L. A. Currie Chemometrics 56: 115 146 Background Quality Control in Water Analyses 1983 C. Kirchmer ES& T 17: 174A 181A Background Validation of Analytical Methods 1983 J. K. Taylor Analytical Chemistry 55: 600A 602A, 608A Background Trace Analyses for Wastewaters  Author's response 1982 D. Foerst Envir. Sci. & Tech. 16: 430A  431A Background Zur Theorie der Eichfunktion bei der spektrochemischen 1982 V. H. Kaiser DK 535: 309 319 Background Analyse The Reliability of Detection Limits in Analytical Chemistry 1980 J. D. Winefordner, J. L. Ward Analytical Letters 13: 1293 1297 Background Page 1 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category A Review and Tutorial Discussion of Noise and Sign to 1978 C. T. J. Alkemade, W. Snelleman, Noise Ratios in Analytical Spectrometry  I. Fundamental G. D. Boutilier, B. D. Pollard, Principles of Signal to Noise Ratios J. D. Winefordner, T. L. Chester, N. Omenetto A Review and Tutorial Discussion of Noise and Sign to 1978 G. D. Boutilier, B. D. Pollard, Noise Ratios in Analytical Spectrometry  II. Fundamental J. D. Winefordner, T. L. Chester, Principles of Signal to Noise Ratios N. Omenetto A Tutorial Review of Some Elementary Concepts in the 1978 P. W. J. M. Boumans Statistical Evaluation of Trace Element Measurements Analysis of Lead in Polluted Coastal Seawater 1976 C. Patterson, D. Settle, B. Glover Multielement Analysis with an Inductively Coupled 1976 Plasma/ Optical Emission System Interlaboratory Lead Analyses of Standardized Samples of 1974 Seawater Statistical and Mathematical Methods in Analytical 1972 Chemistry Studies of Flame and Plasma Torch Emission for 1972 Simultaneous Multi Element Analysis I. Preliminary Investigations Quantitative Determination: Application to Radiochemistry 1968 Qualitative and Quantitative Sensitivity in Flame 1966 Photometry The Limit of Detection of Analytical Methods 1962 Spectrochimica Acta 33B: 383 399 Spectrochimica Acta 33B: 401 415 Spectrochimica Acta 33B: 625 634 Marine Chemistry 4: 305 319 R. M. Ajhar, P. D. Dalager, A. L. Davison American Laboratory 72 78 P. Brewer, N. Frew, N. Cutshall, Marine Chemistry 2: 69 84 J. J. Wagner, R. A. Duce, P. R. Walsh, G. L. Hoffman, J. W. R. Dutton, W. F. Fitzgerald L. A. Currie, J. J. Filliben, J. R. DeVoe Anal. Chem. 44: 497R 512R P. W. J. M. Boumans, F. J. De Boer Spectrochimica Acta 27B: 391 414 Lloyd Currie Anal. Chem. 40: 586 593 J. Ramirez Munoz Talanta 13: 87 101 J. B. Roos Analyst 87: 832 833 Background Background Background Background Background Background Background Background Background Background Background A Careful Consideration of the Calibration Concept Weighted Random Effects Regression Models with Application to Interlaboratory Calibration Guidelines for Calibration in Analytical Chemistry Part I. Fundamentals and Single Component Calibration ( IUPAC recommendations 1998)

A Comparison of Uncertainty Criteria for Calibration ( annotated only) Constant Width Calibration Intervals for Linear Regression ( annotated only) Regression and Calibration with Nonconstant Error Variance Calibration with Randomly Changing Standard Curves ( annotated only) Linear Calibration When the Coefficient of Variation is Constant ( annotated only) Analytical Method Comparisons by Estimates of Precision and Lower Detection Limit 2001 S. D. Phillips, W. T. Estler, T. Doiron, Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Calibration K. R. Eberhardt, M. S. Levenson Technology 106: 371 379 2001 R. D. Gibbons, D. K. Bhaumik Technometrics 43: 192 198 Calibration 1998 K. Danzer, L. A. Currie Pure and Applied Chemistry 70: 993 1014 Calibration 1996 R. W. Mee, K. R. Eberhardt Technometrics 38: 221 229 Calibration 1994 K. R. Eberhardt, R. W. Mee Journal of Quality Technology 26: 21 29 Calibration 1990 M. Davidian, P. D. Haaland Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 9: 231 248 Calibration 1989 D. F. Vecchia, H. K. Iyer, P. L. Chapman Technometrics 31: 83 90 Calibration 1988 Y. C. Yao, D. F. Vecchia, H. K. Iyer Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Franklin A. Graybill, Calibration 297 309 1986 D. M. Holland, F. F. McElroy Environmental Science & Technology 20: 1157 1161 Calibration Design Considerations for Calibration ( annotated only) 1986 J. P. Buonaccorsi Technometrics 28: 149 155 Calibration Page 2 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Multivariate Calibration when the Error Covariance Matrix is Structured ( annotated only) An Implementation of the Scheffé Approach to Calibration Using Spline Functions, Illustrated by a Pressure Volume Calibration ( annotated only)

Measuring and Maximizing Precision in Analyses Based on Use of Calibration Graphs Calibration in Quantitative Analysis: Part2. Confidence Regions for the Sample Content in the Case of Linear Calibration Relations Design Aspects of Scheffe s Calibration Theory using Linear Splines ( annotated only) Nonconstant Variance Regression Techniques for Calibration Curvev Based Analysis Calibration in Quantitative Analysis Calibration Curves with Nonuniform Variance Elimination of the Bias in the Course of Calibration ( annotated only) Optimal Designs for the Inverse Regression Method of Calibration ( annotated only) A Statistical Theory of Calibration ( annotated only) On the Problem of Calibration ( annotated only) Statistical Processing of Calibration Data in Quantitative Analysis by Gas Chromatography Estimation of a Linear Function for a Calibration Line: Consideration of a Recent Proposal A Note on Regression Methods in Calibration ( annotated only) Classical and Inverse Regression Methods of Calibration in Extrapolation ( annotated only) Optimal Experimental Designs for Estimating the Independent Variable in Regression ( annotated only) Classical and Inverse Regression Methods of Calibration ( annotated only)

The Interpretation of Certain Regression Methods and their Use in Biological and Industrial Research ( annotated only) 1985 T. Naes Technometrics 27: 301 311 Calibration 1982 J. A. Lechner, C. P. Reeve, C. H. Technometrics 24: 229 234 Calibration Spiegelman 1982 D. G. Mitchell, J. S. Garden Talanta 29: 921 929 Calibration 1981 J. Agterdenbos, F. J. M. J. Maessen, J. Analytica Chimica Acta 132: 127 137 Calibration Balke 1980 C. H. Spiegelman, W. J. Studden Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 85: 295 Calibration 304 1980 J. S. Garden, D. G. Mitchell, W. N. Mills Anal. Chem. 52: 2310 2315 Calibration 1979 J. Agterdenbos 1979 L. Schwartz 1978 L. J. Naszódi 1973 M. A. Thomas, R. H. Myers 1973 H. Scheffé 1972 G. K. Shukla 1970 P. Bocek, J. Novak 1969 J. Berkson 1969 E. J. Williams 1969 R. G. Krutchkoff 1968 R. L. Ott, R. H. Myers 1967 R. G. Krutchkoff 1939 C. Eisenhart Analytica Chimica Acta 108: 315 323 Calibration Analytical Chem. 51: 723 727 Calibration Technometrics 20: 201 205 Calibration Communications in Statistics 2: 419 433 Calibration The Annals of Statistics 1: 1 37 Calibration Technometrics 14: 547 553 Calibration J. Chromatog. 51: 375 383 Calibration Technometrics 11: 649 660 Calibration Technometrics 11: 189 192 Calibration Technometrics 11: 605 608 Calibration Technometrics 10: 811 823 Calibration Technometrics 9: 425 439 Calibration The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 10: 162 186 Calibration The Three " Rs" for Relevant Detection, Reliable Quantitation and Respectable Reporting Limits 2000 Ann Rosecrance Env. Testing & Anal. 9: 13,50 Critique Detection and Quantification Capabilities and the Evaluation of Low Level Data: Some International Perspectives and Continuing Challenges 2000 L. A. Currie Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 245: 145 156 Critique Realistic Detection Limits from Confidence Bands 1999 J. R. Burdge, D. L. McTaggart, S. O. Farwell Journal of Chemical Education 76: 434 439 Critique Response to Comment of " An Alternative Minimum Level Definition for Analytical Quantification" 1999 Henry Kahn, William Telliard, Chuck White Env. Sci. & Tech. 33: 1315 Critique Comment on " An Alternative Minimum Level Definition for Analytical Quantification" 1999 H. G. Rigo Env. Sci & Tech. 33: 1311 1312 Critique Page 3 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Response to Comment on " An Alternative Minimum Level 1999 Robert Gibbons, David Coleman, Ray Env. Sci. & Tech. 33: 1313 1314 Critique Definition for Analytical Quantification" Maddalone Comment on " An Alternative Minimum Level Definition for 1998 Henry Kahn, William Telliard, Chuck Envir. Sci & Tech 32: 2346 2348 Critique Analytical Quantification" White Response to Comment on " An Alternative Minimum Level 1998 Robert Gibbons, David Coleman, Ray Envir. Sci & Tech 32: 2349 2353 Critique Definition for Analytical Quantification" Maddalone A Discussion of Issues Raised by Lloyd Currie and a Cross 1997 C. H. Spiegelman Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 37: 183 188 Critique Disciplinary View of Detection Limits and Estimating Parameters that are Often At or Near Zero ( annotated only)

A Mock Trial for Critical Values ( Detection Limits) 1997 C. H. Spiegelman, P. Tarlow STATS: The Magazine for Students of Statistics 20: 13 16 Critique ( annotated only) Comment on " An Alternative Minimum Level Definition for 1997 David Kimbrough Envir. Sci. & Tech. 31: 3727 3728 Critique Analytical Quantification" The Smallest Concentration 1997 R. F. Moran, E. N. Brown Clinical Chemistry 43: 856 857 Critique A Statistical Overview of Standard ( IUPAC and ACS) and 1997 J. Mocak, A. M. Bond, S. Meitchell, G. Pure and Applied Chemistry 69: 297 328 Critique New Procedures for Determining the Limits of Detection Scollary and Quantification: Application to Voltammetric and Stripping Techniques ( Technical Report)

Response to Comment on " An Alternative Minimum Level 1997 R. D. Gibbons, D. E. Coleman, R. F. Envir. Sci. & Tech 31: 3729 3731 Critique Definition for Analytical Quantification" Maddalone Some Conceptual and Statistical Issues in Analysis of 1996 R. D. Gibbons Environmetrics 7: 185 199 Critique Groundwater Monitoring Data Some Statistical and Conceptual Issues in the Detection of 1995 Robert Gibbons Environ. & Ecol. Statistics 2: 125 167 Critique Low Level Environmental Pollutants Comment on " Method Detection Limits in Solid Waste 1995 D. E. Coleman Environmental Science & Technology 29: 279 280 Critique Analysis" Comment on " Method Detection Limits in Solid Waste 1995 Janice Wakakuwa, David Kimbrough Envir. Sci. & Tech. 29: 281 282 Critique Analysis" " You Can't Compute With Less Thans" 1994 Ken Osborn, Ann Rosecrance East Bay Municipal Utility District, Core Laboratories Critique Limits of Detection 1994 N. Cressie Chemometrics Intelligent Laboratory Systems 22: 161 163 Critique Conflicting Perspectives About Detection Limits and About 1994 M. J. R. Clark, P. H. Whitfield Water Resources Bulletin 30: 1063 1079 Critique the Censoring of Environmental Data Limit of Discrimination, Limit of Detection and Sensitivity in 1994 R. Ferrus, M. R. Egea Analytica Chimica Acta 287: 119 145 Critique Analytical Systems Discussion of: A Study of the Precision of Lead 1994 B. R. Nott, R. R. Maddalone Water Environment Research 66: 853 854 Critique Measurements at Concentrations Near the Method Limit of Detection Limits of Detection Methodologies 1993 J. Lindstedt Plating and Surface Finishing 80: 81 86 Critique Method Detection Limits in Solid Waste Analysis 1993 David Kimbrough, Janice Wakakuwa Enviro. Sci. & Tech 27: 2692 2699 Critique Defining the Limits 1993 G. Stanko, W. Krochta, A. Stanley, Environmental Lab 1: 16 20 Critique T. Dawson, K. Hillig, R. Javick, R. Obrycki, B. Hughes, F. Saksa A Study of the Precision of Lead Measurements at 1993 P. M. Berthouex Water Environment Research 65: 620 629 Critique Concentrations Near the Method Limit of Detection Page 4 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Detection Limit Concepts: Foundations, Myths, and Utilization Difficulties Related to Using Extreme Percentiles for Water Quality Regulations A Simple Rule for Judging Compliance Using highly Censored Samples Current Method for Setting Dioxin Limits in Water Requires Reexamination Kaiser 3 Sigma Criterion  A Review of the Limit of Detection MCL Noncompliance: Is the Laboratory at Fault? Qualitative or Quantitative Characterization of Spectrographic Methods? The Detection and Determination Limits False Positives, Detection Limits, and Other Laboratory Imperfections: The Regulatory Implications Evaluation of Detection Limit Estimators ( annotated only)

Chemometrics  Measurement Reliability The Detection Limit Estimation of Detection Limits for Environmental Analytical Procedures  A Tutorial Limits of Detection Clarification of the Limit of Detection in Chromatography Limit of Detection: A Closer Look at the IUPAC Definition Trace Analyses for Wastewaters 1992 D. A. Chambers, S. S. Dubose, E. L. Health Phys. 63: 338 340 Critique Sensintaffar 1991 P. M. Berthouex, Ian Hau Research Journal WPCF 63: 873 879 Critique 1991 P. M. Berthouex, Ian Hau Research Journal WPCF 63: 880 886 Critique 1990 J. LaKind, E. Rifkin Env. Sci. & Tech 24: 963 965 Critique 1990 L. S. Oresic, V. Grdinic Acta Pharmaceutica Jugoslavica 40: 21 61 Critique 1990 Steven Koorse AWWA p53 58 Critique 1990 Karol Florian Chemia Analityczna 35: 129 139 Critique 1989 Steven Koorse Environmental Law Reporter 19: 10211 10222 Critique 1988 F. C. Garner, G. L. Robertson Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 3: 53 59 Critique 1988 K. Castaneda Mendez Clinical Chemistry 34: 2494 2498 Critique 1988 P. S. Porter, R. C. Ward, H. F. Bell Environmental Science & Technology 22: 856 861 Critique 1988 Cliff Kirchmer ACS Symposium Series 361: 78 93 Critique 1984 J. K. Taylor Analytical Chemistry 56: 130A Critique 1984 J. P. Foley, J. G. Dorsey Chromatographia 18: 503 511 Critique 1983 Gary Long, J. D. Winefordner Analytical Chem. 55: 712 724 Critique 1982 C. J. Kirchmer Envir. Sci. & Tech. 16: 430A Critique A comparison of statistical and empirical detection limits 1998 G. C. C. Su Journal of AOAC International 81: 105 110 Multilab Challenges in Regulatory Environmetrics 1997 C. B. Davis Chemometrics Intelligent Laboratory Systems 37: 43 53 Multilab Determining Quantitation Levels for Regulatory Purposes 1996 P. F. Sanders, R. L. Lippincott, A. Eaton Journal American Water Works Association 88: 104 114 Multilab Defining Detection and Quantitation Levels 1993 Raymond Maddalone, James Rice, Ben Water Envir. & Tech. Jan. 93: 41 44 Multilab Edmondson, Babu Nott, Judith Scott Concept 2000 A Statistical Approach for Analytical Practice  Part I: Limits of Detection, Identification, and Determination 1999 Hadrich J et al Deutsche Lebensmittel Rundschau 1999, 95( 10), 428 436 not found Statistics and Environmental Policy: Case Studies from Long Term Environmental Monitoring Data 1999 Goudey R et al Novart FDN Sym 220; 144 157 not found The Many Dimensions of Detection in Chemical Analysis 1983 Currie LA Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society, 185 ( Mar), 63 PEST not found A Practical Strategy for Determining and Verifying Detection 2001 T. Georgian, K. E. Osborn Env. Testing & Analysis 10: 13 14 Single lab Limits Page 5 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Review of the Methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency for Bromate Determination and Validation of Method 317.0 for Disinfection By Product Anions and Low  Level Bromate Comparison of Detection Limits in Environmental Analysis  Is it Possible? An Approach on Quality Assurance in the Lower Working Range by Verification On the Assessment of Compliance with Legal Limits, Part I: Signal and Concentration Domains Capability of Detection  Part 2 Nomenclature in Evaluation of Analytical Methods Including Detection and Quantifation Capabilities ( IUPAC Recommendations 1995)

New Reporting Procedures Based on Long Term Method Detection Limits and Some Considerations for Interpretations of Water Quality Data Provided by the U. S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory Analyses of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Chlorinated Pesticides in Biota: Method and Quality Assurance Detection Limits of Organic Contaminants in Drinking Water Detection: International Update, and Some Emerging Di lemmas Involving Calibration, the Blank, and Multiple Detection Decisions ( annotated only)

Regulations  From an Industry Perspective or Relationships Between Detection Limits, Quantitation Limits, and Significant Digits ( annotated only)

Capability of Detection  Part 1 Determination of Site Specific Effluent Detection Limits Multivariate Detection Limits Estimators Nomenclature in Evaluation of Analytical Methods including Detection and Quantification Capabilities Reporting Low Level Analytical Data Third Draft ( 1995 11 08)  New Project of Commission V. I., International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations for Defining and Measuring Detection and Quantification Limits Recommendations for the Presentation of Results of Chemical Analysis ( annotated only) Detarchi A Program for Detection Limits with Specified Assurance Probabilites and Characteristic Curves of Detection 2001 D. P. Hautman, D. J. Munch, C. Frebis, Journal of Chromatography A 920: 221 229 H. P. Wagner, B. V. Pepich Single lab 2001 S. Geib, J. W. Einax Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 370: 673 678 Single lab 2001 E. Desimoni, S. Mannino, B. Brunetti Accreditation Quality Assurance 6: 452 458 Single lab 2000 ISO ISO 11843 2 Single lab 1999 L. A. Currie Analytica Chimica Acta 391: 105 126 Single lab 1999 C. J. Obinger Childress, W. T. USGS Open File Report 99 193, 19 pages. Single lab Foreman, B. F. Connor, and T. J. Maloney 1999 P. Cleemann, G. B. Paulsen Journal of AOAC International 82: 1175 1184 Single lab 1998 W. M. Draper, J. S. Dhoot, J. S. Dhaliwal, Journal of the American Water Works Association 90: 82 90 Single lab J. W. Remoy, S. K. Perera, F. J. Baumann 1997 L. A. Currie Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 37: 151 181 Single lab 1997 D. Coleman, J. Auses, N. Grams Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 37: 71 80 Single lab 1997 ISO ISO 11843 1 Single lab 1996 George Neserke, Harold Taylor Water Env. Res. 66: 115 119 Single lab 1996 R. Boque, F. X. Rius Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 32: 11 23 Single lab 1996 Lloyd Currie Pure & Appl. Chem. 67: 1699 1723 Single lab 1995 William Horwitz IUPAC Single lab 1994 LA Currie, W. Horwitz Analuses Magazine 22: 24 26 Single lab 1994 L. A. Currie, G. Svehla Pure & Applied Chemistry 66: 595 608 Single lab 1994 L. Sarabia, M. C. Ortiz TRAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 13: 1 6 Single lab Quality Control Level: An Alternaltive to Detection Levels 1994 D. E. Kimbrough, J. Wakakuwa Environmental Science & Technology 28: 338 345 Single lab Page 6 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Multivariate Decision and Detection Limits ( annotated only)

A Model of Measurement Precision at Low Concentrations Robust Procedure for Calibration and Calculation of the Detection Limit of Trimipramine by Adsorptive Stripping Voltametry at a Carbon Paste Electrode Nondetects, Detection Limits, and the Probability of Detection Detection Limits: For Linear Calibration Curves with Increasing Variance and Multiple Future Detection Decisions ( annotated only)

Limits of Detection in Multivariate Calibration Estimating Detection Limits in Ultratrace Analysis. Part I: The Variability of Estimated Detection Limits Reporting Low Level Data for Computerized Data Bases Detection Limits with Specified Assurance Probabilities Limit of Detection and Limit of Determination  Application of Different Statistical Approaches to an Illustrative Example of Residue Analysis Determining the Lowest Limit of Reliable Assay Measurement ( annotated only) Principles of Environmental Analysis Trace Analyses for Wastewaters Guidelines for Data Acquisition and Data Quality Evaluation in Environmental Chemistry Sensitivity and Limit of Detection in Quantitative Spectrometric Methods ( annotated only) Decision and Detection Limits for Linear Calibration Curves ( annotated only) Limits for Quantitative Detection and Quantitative Determination ( annotated only) A Statistical Method for Evaluation of Limiting Detectable Sample Concentrations 1993 A. Singh 1993 P. M. Berthouex, D. R. Gan 1993 M. C. Ortiz, J. Arcos, J. V. Jurarros, J. Lopez Palacios, L. A. Sarabia 1991 D. Lambert, B. Peterson, I. Terpenning 1991 R. D. Gibbons, F. H. Jarke, K. P. Stoub 1991 G. Bauer, W. Wegscheider, H. M. Ortner 1991 C. L. Stevenson, J. D. Winefordner 1988 M. Brossman, G. McKenna, H. Kahn, D. King, R. Kleopfer, J. Taylor`

1987 C. A. Clayton, J. W. Hines, and P. D. Elkins 1987 J. Vogelgesang 1983 L. Oppenheimer, T. P. Capizzi, R. M. Weppelman, H. Mehta 1983 L. H. Keith, W. Crummett, J. Deegan Jr, R. A. Libby, J. K. Taylor, G. Wentler 1981 John Glaser, Denis Foerst, Gerald Analytica Chimica Acta 277: 205 214 Single lab Water Environment Research 65: 759 763 Single lab Analytical Chemistry 65: 678 682 Single lab JASA 86: 266 277 Single lab Waste Testing and Quality Assurance: ASTM STP 1075, D. Single lab Friedman, Ed., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia 3: 337 390 Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 340: 135 139 Single lab Applied Spectroscopy 45: 1217 1224 Single lab ACS Symposium Series 361: 317 327 Single lab Analytical Chemistry 59: 2506 2514 Single lab Fresenius Zeitschrift Fur Analytsche Chemie 328: 213 220 Single lab Analytical Chemistry 55: 638 643 Single lab Analytical Chemistry 55: 2210 2218 Single lab Env. Sci. & Tech 15: 1426 1435 Single lab McKee, Stephan Quave, William Budde 1980 Anal. Chem. 52: 2242 2249 Single lab 1974 J. D. Ingle Jr. Journal of Chemical Education, 51, 100 105. Single lab 1970 A. Hubaux, G. Vos Analytical Chemistry 42: 849 855 Single lab 1968 L. A. Currie Analytical Chemistry 40: 586 593 Single lab 1967 P. A. St. John, W. J. McCarthy, J. D. Analytical Chem. 39: 1495 1597 Single lab Winefordner Initial Evaluation of Quantitative Performance of 2001 M. A. Castillo, R. C. Castells Journal of Chromatography A 921: 121 133 Single lab  multilevel Chromatographic Methods Using Replicates at Multiple Concentrations Multivariate Detection Limits with Fixed Probabilities of 1999 R. Boque, M. S. Larrechi, F. X. Rius Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 45: 397 408 Single lab  multilevel Error Page 7 Detection and Quantitation Literature Search Results June 2002 Title Year Author Source Category Evaluation of Approximate Methods for Calculating the Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification Limits of Detection, Identification and Determination: A Statistical Approach for Practitioners Weighted Least Squares Approach to Calculating Limits of Detection and Quantification by Modeling Variability as a Function of Concentration ( annotated only)

Detection Limits in GC MS Multivariate Analysis An Alternative Minimum Level Definition for Analytical Quantification A Two Component Model for Measurement Error in Analytical Chemistry Practical Quantitation Limits ( annotated only)

Experimental Comparison of EPA and USATHAMA Detection and Quantitation Capability Estimators High Pressure Liquid Chromatography Determination of the Intermediates Side Reaction Products in FD& C Red No. 2 and FD& C Yellow No. 5: Statistical Analysis of Instrument Response ( annotated only) 1999 1998 1997 1997 1997 1995 1992 1991 1978 M. E. Zorn, R. D. Gibbons, W. C. Sonzogni J. Vogelgesang, J. Hadrich M. E. Zorn,, R. D. Gibbons, W. C. Sonzogni Boque R et al Robert Gibbons, David Coleman, Raymond Maddalone David Rocke, Stefan Lorenzato R. D. Gibbons, N. E. Grams, F. H. Jarke, K. P. Stoub C. L. Grant, A. D. Hewitt, T. F. Jenkins C. J. Bayley, E. A. Cox, J. A. Springer Page 8 Environmental Science & Technology 33: 2291 2295 Single lab  multilevel Accreditation Quality Assurance 3: 242 255 Single lab  multilevel Analytical Chemistry 69: 3069 3075 Single lab  multilevel Quimica Analytica, 16( 2), 81 86 Single lab  multilevel Environmental Science & Technology 31: 2071 2077 Single lab  multilevel Technometrics 37: 176 184 Single lab  multilevel Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 12: 225 235. Single lab  multilevel American Laboratory 23: 15 33 Single lab  multilevel J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem 61: 1404 1414. Single lab  multilevel


[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 89 (Tuesday, May 8, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 20834-20836]
[FR Doc No: 2018-09786]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Federal Emergency Management Agency

[Docket ID FEMA-2018-0002; Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-B-1823]

Proposed Flood Hazard Determinations

AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: Comments are requested on proposed flood hazard
determinations, which may include additions or modifications of any
Base Flood Elevation (BFE), base flood depth, Special Flood Hazard Area
(SFHA) boundary or zone designation, or regulatory floodway on the
Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs), and where applicable, in the
supporting Flood Insurance Study (FIS) reports for the communities
listed in the table below. The purpose of this notice is to seek
general information and comment regarding the preliminary FIRM, and
where applicable, the FIS report that the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA) has provided to the affected communities. The FIRM and
FIS report are the basis of the floodplain management measures that the
community is required either to adopt or to show evidence of having in
effect in order to qualify or remain qualified for participation in the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). In addition, the FIRM and FIS
report, once effective, will be used by insurance agents and others to
calculate appropriate flood insurance premium rates for new buildings
and the contents of those buildings.

DATES: Comments are to be submitted on or before August 6, 2018.

ADDRESSES: The Preliminary FIRM, and where applicable, the FIS report
for each community are available for inspection at both the online
location https://www.fema.gov/preliminaryfloodhazarddata and the
respective Community Map Repository address listed in the tables below.
Additionally,

the current effective FIRM and FIS report for each community are
accessible online through the FEMA Map Service Center at https://msc.fema.gov for comparison.
    You may submit comments, identified by Docket No. FEMA-B-1823, to
Rick Sacbibit, Chief, Engineering Services Branch, Federal Insurance
and Mitigation Administration, FEMA, 400 C Street SW, Washington, DC
20472,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or (email) [email protected].

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Rick Sacbibit, Chief, Engineering
Services Branch, Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration, FEMA,
400 C Street SW, Washington, DC 20472,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or (email)
[email protected]; or visit the FEMA Map Information
eXchange (FMIX) online at https://www.floodmaps.fema.gov/fhm/fmx_main.html.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: FEMA proposes to make flood hazard
determinations for each community listed below, in accordance with
section 110 of the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, 42 U.S.C.
4104, and 44 CFR 67.4(a).
    These proposed flood hazard determinations, together with the
floodplain management criteria required by 44 CFR 60.3, are the minimum
that are required. They should not be construed to mean that the
community must change any existing ordinances that are more stringent
in their floodplain management requirements. The community may at any
time enact stricter requirements of its own or pursuant to policies
established by other Federal, State, or regional entities. These flood
hazard determinations are used to meet the floodplain management
requirements of the NFIP and also are used to calculate the appropriate
flood insurance premium rates for new buildings built after the FIRM
and FIS report become effective.
    The communities affected by the flood hazard determinations are
provided in the tables below. Any request for reconsideration of the
revised flood hazard information shown on the Preliminary FIRM and FIS
report that satisfies the data requirements outlined in 44 CFR 67.6(b)
is considered an appeal. Comments unrelated to the flood hazard
determinations also will be considered before the FIRM and FIS report
become effective.
    Use of a Scientific Resolution Panel (SRP) is available to
communities in support of the appeal resolution process. SRPs are
independent panels of experts in hydrology, hydraulics, and other
pertinent sciences established to review conflicting scientific and
technical data and provide recommendations for resolution. Use of the
SRP only may be exercised after FEMA and local communities have been
engaged in a collaborative consultation process for at least 60 days
without a mutually acceptable resolution of an appeal. Additional
information regarding the SRP process can be found online at https://www.floodsrp.org/pdfs/srp_overview.pdf.
    The watersheds and/or communities affected are listed in the tables
below. The Preliminary FIRM, and where applicable, FIS report for each
community are available for inspection at both the online location
https://www.fema.gov/preliminaryfloodhazarddata and the respective
Community Map Repository address listed in the tables. For communities
with multiple ongoing Preliminary studies, the studies can be
identified by the unique project number and Preliminary FIRM date
listed in the tables. Additionally, the current effective FIRM and FIS
report for each community are accessible online through the FEMA Map
Service Center at https://msc.fema.gov for comparison.

(Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance No. 97.022, ``Flood
Insurance.'')

    Date: May 1, 2018.
David I. Maurstad,
Deputy Associate Administrator for Insurance and Mitigation (Acting),
Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                             Community map repository
               Community                             address
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Mobile County, Alabama and Incorporated Areas
        Project: 09-04-8023S Preliminary Date: November 15, 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------
City of Bayou La Batre.................  City Hall, 13785 South Wintzell
                                          Avenue, Bayou La Batre, AL
                                          36509.
City of Chickasaw......................  City Hall, 224 North Craft
                                          Highway, Chickasaw, AL 36611.
City of Citronelle.....................  City Hall, 19135 South Main
                                          Street, Citronelle, AL 36522.
City of Creola.........................  City Hall, 9615 Old Highway 43,
                                          Creola, AL 36525.
City of Mobile.........................  City Hall, Engineering
                                          Department, 205 Government
                                          Street, Mobile, AL 36644.
City of Prichard.......................  City Hall, 216 East Prichard
                                          Avenue, Prichard, AL 36610.
City of Saraland.......................  Building Department, 933
                                          Saraland Boulevard South,
                                          Saraland, AL 36571.
City of Satsuma........................  City Hall, 5464 Old Highway 43,
                                          Satsuma, AL 36572.
City of Semmes.........................  City Hall, 7875 Moffett Road,
                                          Suite F, Semmes, AL 36575.
Town of Dauphin Island.................  Town Hall, 1011 Bienville
                                          Boulevard, Dauphin Island, AL
                                          36528.
Town of Mount Vernon...................  Town Hall, 1565 Boyles Avenue,
                                          Mount Vernon, AL 36560.
Unincorporated Areas of Mobile County..  Department of Public Works,
                                          Engineering Department,
                                          Government Plaza, 205
                                          Government Street, Mobile, AL
                                          36644.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Alachua County, Florida and Incorporated Areas
          Project: 13-04-3149S Preliminary Date: July 17, 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------
City of Gainesville....................  Public Works Department, 405
                                          North West 39th Avenue,
                                          Gainesville, FL 32609.
Unincorporated Areas of Alachua County.  Alachua County Public Works
                                          Department, 5620 North West
                                          120th Lane, Gainesville, FL
                                          32653.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Hendry County, Florida and Incorporated Areas
         Project: 17-04-4566S Preliminary Date: October 16, 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------
City of Clewiston......................  Community Development
                                          Department, 121 Central
                                          Avenue, Clewiston, FL 33440.

Unincorporated Areas of Hendry County..  Hendry County Administrative
                                          Office, 640 South Main Street,
                                          LaBelle, FL 33935.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Sumter County, Florida and Incorporated Areas
           Project: 16-04-6907S Preliminary Date: June 9, 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------
City of Center Hill....................  Sumter County Department of
                                          Emergency Management, 7375
                                          Powell Road, Wildwood, FL
                                          34785.
City of Webster........................  Sumter County Department of
                                          Emergency Management, 7375
                                          Powell Road, Wildwood, FL
                                          34785.
City of Wildwood.......................  City Hall, 100 North Main
                                          Street, Wildwood, FL 34785.
Unincorporated Areas of Sumter County..  Sumter County Department of
                                          Emergency Management, 7375
                                          Powell Road, Wildwood, FL
                                          34785.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              Burke County, Georgia and Incorporated Areas
          Project: 16-04-5708S Preliminary Date: June 15, 2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unincorporated Areas of Burke County...  Burke County Courthouse, 602
                                          North Liberty Street,
                                          Waynesboro, GA 30830.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
              DeKalb County, Georgia and Incorporated Areas
 Project: 17-04-4538S Preliminary Date: August 14, 2017 and December 20,
                                  2017
------------------------------------------------------------------------
City of Atlanta........................  Department of Planning and
                                          Community Development, 55
                                          Trinity Avenue Southwest,
                                          Suite 4700, Atlantic, GA
                                          30303.
City of Brookhaven.....................  City Hall, 4362 Peachtree Road,
                                          Brookhaven, GA 30319.
City of Chamblee.......................  City Hall, 5468 Peachtree Road,
                                          Chamblee, GA 30341.
City of Clarkston......................  City Hall--Annex, 1055 Rowland
                                          Street, Clarkston, GA 30021.
City of Decatur........................  Leveritt Public Works Building,
                                          2635 Talley Street, Decatur,
                                          GA 30030.
City of Doraville......................  City Hall, 3725 Park Avenue,
                                          Doraville, GA 30340.
City of Dunwoody.......................  City Hall, 4800 Ashford
                                          Dunwoody Road, Dunwoody, GA
                                          30338.
City of Tucker.........................  City Hall, 4119 Adrian Street,
                                          Tucker, GA 30084.
Unincorporated Areas of DeKalb County..  DeKalb County Roads and
                                          Drainage Department, 727 Camp
                                          Road, Decatur, GA 30032.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 2018-09786 Filed 5-7-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 9110-12-P


[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 36 (Wednesday, February 23, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 9988-9990]
[FR Doc No: 2011-4152]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Chapters I through VII

[FRL-9270-8; EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0154, -0155, -0156, -0157, -0158, -0159, -
0160, -0161, -0162, -0163, -0164, -0165, -0166, -0167, -0168]

Improving EPA Regulations

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Request for comment; notice of public meeting.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: On January 18, 2011, President Obama issued Executive Order
13563, ``Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review,'' and called on
all Federal agencies to conduct a ``retrospective analysis of rules
that may be outmoded, ineffective, insufficient, or excessively
burdensome and to modify, streamline, expand, or repeal them in
accordance with what has been learned.'' EPA seeks public input on the
design of a plan to use for periodic retrospective review of its
regulations.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before March 20, 2011. A public
meeting will be held on March 14, 2011 in Arlington, VA.

ADDRESSES: You may submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0154, -0155, -0156, -0157, -0158, -0159, -0160, -0161, -
0162, -0163, -0164, -0165, -0166, -0167 or -0168 by any one of the
following methods:
     http://www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line
instructions for submitting comments.
     E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>     Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
     Mail: Send a copy of your comments and any enclosures to:
Improving Regulations Docket, Environmental Protection Agency, EPA
Docket Center, Mailcode: 2822T, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW, Washington,
DC 20460.
     Hand Delivery: Improving Regulations Docket, EPA/DC, EPA
West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Washington, DC. Such
deliveries are only accepted during the Docket's normal hours of
operation, and special arrangements should be made for deliveries of
boxed information.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OA-2011-
0154, -0155, -0156, -0157, -0158, -0159, -0160, -0161, -0162, -0163, -
0164, -0165, -0166, -0167, -0168. EPA's policy is that all comments
received will be included in the public docket without change and may
be made available online at http://www.regulations.gov, including any
personal information provided, unless the comment includes information
claimed to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not submit
information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through
http://www.regulations.gov. The http://www.regulations.gov website is
an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will not know your
identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of
your comment. If you send an e-mail comment directly to EPA without
going through http://www.regulations.gov your e-mail address will be
automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is
placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you
submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that you include your name
and other contact information in the body of your comment and with any
disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to
technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA
may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid
the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be free of
any defects or viruses. For additional instructions on submitting
comments, go to Section II of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of
this document.
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such
as copyrighted material, will be publicly available only in hard copy.
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically
in http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the Improving
Regulations Docket, EPA/DC, EPA West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution
Ave., NW., Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30
a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The
telephone number for the Public Reading Room is<PHONE_NUMBER>, and the
telephone number for the Improving Regulations Docket is (202) 566-
1752.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For further information on this
document, please contact Stuart Miles-McLean, Office of Regulatory
Policy and Management (1803A), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200
Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: 202-
564-6581; fax number:<PHONE_NUMBER>; e-mail address:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you have questions
concerning the public meetings, contact Lucinda Power, Office of
Regulatory Policy and Management (1806A), Environmental Protection
Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20460; telephone
number:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax number:<PHONE_NUMBER>; e-mail address:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

    EPA's mission is to protect human health and the environment. Among
the Agency's goals are taking action on climate change and improving
air quality; protecting America's waters; cleaning up communities and
advancing sustainable development; ensuring the safety of chemicals and
preventing pollution; and enforcing environmental laws. As part of
these efforts, EPA has developed a number of regulations that protect
Americans from significant risks to human health and the environment
where they live, learn and work.

 A. Submitting Comments

    At this time, EPA seeks help in designing the plan it will use for
periodic review of regulations. Section II of this notice provides
several specific comment categories to focus the Agency's review based
upon specific regulatory impacts or program areas. In the following
section you will find a non-exhaustive list of issues or impacts to
help you formulate your ideas, though it is not intended to restrict
the issues that you may wish to address.
    Please be as specific as possible when submitting your comments. In
offering your input, EPA requests that you include an explanation as to
why you believe a regulation should be modified, streamlined, expanded
or repealed; any data or other information that supports your
explanation; and suggestions on how the Agency can better achieve the
regulatory program's objective. Please provide citation if you
reference a specific regulation.
    While it is EPA's aim is to define a method and schedule for
periodically identifying certain significant rules that warrant repeal
or modification because they are no longer justified or necessary, this
review may also reveal that an existing rule is needed, but has not
operated as well as expected, and that a stronger, expanded, or
somewhat different approach is justified.

    EPA is accepting your comments from now through 03/20/2011.
Although the Agency won't be able to respond to every individual
comment, your input is valued and your ideas merit careful
consideration. By late May or early June, you will have the chance to
read our retrospective review plan at http://www.epa.gov/improvingregulations, as well as an initial list of regulations that we
plan to review first.
    As you comment, EPA requests that you keep these key considerations
in mind:
     EPA must uphold its mission to protect human health and
the environment.
     EPA's plan will be tailored to reflect its resources,
rulemaking history, and volume.
     A number of laws already direct the Agency to regularly
review certain regulations. Your input is requested on developing a
plan that is integrated with those existing requirements.
     See http://www.epa.gov/improvingregulations for additional
information and updates.

B. Public Meetings

    EPA will hold a public meeting at Hilton Arlington, 950 N Stafford
Street, Arlington, VA on March 14, 2011. Registration information and
updates are available at http://www.epa.gov/improvingregulations/meeting.html. In addition, EPA plans to host a variety of meetings in
regional offices in March 2011. The specific location names and
addresses for these regional meetings will be posted as they become
available at http:/www.epa.gov//improvingregulations/meeting.html.

II. Design of Plan for Periodic Retrospective Review

    EPA's plan will create a defined method and schedule for
periodically identifying certain significant regulations that are
obsolete, unnecessary, unjustified, excessively burdensome, or
counterproductive. Also, it will consider how best to strengthen,
complement or modernize rules where necessary or appropriate--
including, if relevant, undertaking new rulemaking. To help EPA design
the plan, you are invited to provide input on specific considerations
related to how the agency should conduct these periodic retrospective
reviews of existing regulations.
    To assist you in focusing your comments or recommendations, EPA has
provided three categories relating to issue/impact, program area, or a
multipurpose general area. These are not intended to restrict the
issues that you may wish to address. The following sections present a
series of questions under these categories as a guide for making
recommendations on the design of EPA's periodic retrospective review
plan. If you wish to submit comments, please address them to the
appropriate docket labeled in each section or by mail as described in
the ADDRESSES section above.
    The first set of questions relating to the design plan are not
intended to be restrictive but are meant to assist you in formulating
your comments.
     How should EPA identify candidate regulations for periodic
retrospective review?
     What criteria should EPA use to prioritize regulations for
review?
     How should EPA's review plan be integrated with its
existing requirements to conduct retrospective reviews?
     How often should EPA solicit input from the public?
     What should be the timing of any given regulatory review
(e.g., should a regulation be in effect for a certain amount of time
before it is reviewed)?

A. Issue or Impact Areas for Consideration

    To more specifically focus your response, the following questions
listed by issue or impact area may assist but are not meant to limit
you in providing EPA input on its retrospective review plan.
1. Integration and Innovation
    Submit a comment on integrating regulations or achieving innovation
to the ``Improving Regulations: Integration and Innovation'' docket
(EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0161). Use the following questions to guide your
comments:
     Which regulations could achieve the intended environmental
results using less costly methods, technology, or innovative
techniques? How could the regulations be changed? What data support
this?
     Which regulations could be improved by harmonizing
requirements across programs or agencies to better meet the regulatory
objectives? What suggestions do you have for how the Agency can better
harmonize these requirements?
     Which regulations have requirements that are overlapping
and could be streamlined or eliminated? What suggestions do you have
for how the Agency could modify the regulations? Be specific about how
burden can be reduced from gained efficiencies related to streamlining
the requirements.
     What opportunities exist for the Agency to explore
alternatives to existing regulations? How can these alternatives be
designed to ensure that environmental objectives are still met?
2. Environmental Justice/Children's Health/Elderly
    Submit a comment related to environmental justice, children's
health, or the elderly to the ``Improving Regulations: EJ, Children &
Elderly'' docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0168). Use the following questions to
guide your comments:
     Which regulations have exacerbated existing impacts or
created new impacts on vulnerable populations such as low-income or
minority populations, children or the elderly? Which ones and how? What
suggestions do you have for how the Agency could change the
regulations? What data support this?
     Which regulations have failed to protect vulnerable
populations (minority or low-income, children or elderly) and why?
     Which regulations could be streamlined, modified,
tightened, or expanded to mitigate or prevent impacts to vulnerable
populations (minority or low-income, children or elderly)? What
suggestions do you have for changing the regulations? What data support
this?
3. Science/Obsolete/Technology Outdated
    Submit a comment related to the science in regulations that you
believe is outdated or which relies on outdated technology. Use the
``Improving Regulations: Science/Obsolete/Technology Outdated'' docket
(EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0162) and the following questions to guide your
comments:
     Which regulations could be modified because the underlying
scientific data has changed since the regulation was issued, and the
change supports revision to the original regulation? What data support
this? What suggestions do you have for changing the regulations?
     Which regulations have achieved their original objective
and have now become unnecessary or obsolete? What data support this?
What suggestions do you have for how the Agency could modify,
streamline, expand, or repeal the regulation?
     Have circumstances surrounding any regulations changed
significantly such that the regulation's requirements should be
reconsidered? Which regulations? What data support this? What
suggestions can you provide the Agency about how these regulations
could be changed?
     Which regulations or reporting requirements have become
outdated? How can they be modernized to accomplish their regulatory
objectives

better? What data support this? What suggestions do you have for how
the Agency could change the regulations?
     Which regulations have new technologies that can be
leveraged to modify, streamline, expand or repeal existing
requirements? What data support this? What suggestions do you have for
how the Agency could change these regulations?
4. State, Local and Tribal Governments
    Submit a comment related to state/local/tribal government issues in
the ``Improving Regulations: State, Local and Tribal governments''
docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0163). Use the following questions to guide your
comments:
     Which regulations impose burden on state, local or tribal
governments? How could these regulations be changed to reduce the
burden without compromising environmental protection?
     What opportunities are there within existing regulations
to better partner with state, local and/or tribal governments? If so,
do you have suggestions for how to better utilize those opportunities?
5. Least Burdensome/Flexible Approaches
    Provide comment on a regulation that is burdensome or could be more
flexible in the ``Improving Regulations: Least Burden/Flexible
Approaches'' docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0165). Use the following questions
to guide your comments:
     Which regulations have proven to be excessively
burdensome? What data support this? How many facilities are affected?
What suggestions do you have for reducing the burden and maintaining
environmental protection?
     Which regulations impose paperwork activities (reporting,
recordkeeping, or 3rd party notifications) that would benefit from
online reporting or electronic recordkeeping? Tell us whether regulated
entities have flexibility in providing the required 3rd party
disclosure or notification. What data support this? What suggestions do
you have for how the Agency could change the regulation?
     Which regulations could be made more flexible within the
existing legal framework? What data support this? What suggestions do
you have for how the Agency could change the regulations to be more
flexible?
6. Benefits and Costs
    Submit a comment related to benefits and costs in the ``Improving
Regulations: Benefits and Costs'' docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0158). Use the
following questions to guide your comments:
     Which regulations have high costs and low benefits? What
data support this?
     Which regulations could better maximize net benefits
(including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety,
and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity)? What data
support this? What quantitative and qualitative benefits and costs
justify your suggestion (recognizing that some benefits and costs are
difficult to quantify)?
7. Small Business
    Submit a comment related to small business impacts in the
``Improving Regulations: Small Business'' docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0164).
Use the following questions to guide your comments:
     Which regulations have large impacts on small businesses?
How could these regulations be changed to reduce the impact while
maintaining environmental protection? Are there flexible approaches
that might help reduce these impacts? Which of these regulations have
high costs and low benefits? What data support this?
     Are there any regulations where flexible approaches for
small businesses have proven successful and could serve as a model?
Where else and how could these approaches be utilized?
8. Compliance
    Submit a comment related to compliance in the ``Improving
Regulations: Compliance'' docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0166). Use the
following questions to guide your comments:
     Which regulations have complicated or time consuming
requirements? To what extent are alternative compliance tools
available? Could the regulations be modified to improve compliance?
What data support this?
     Which regulations or regulated sectors have particularly
high compliance? How could the factors or approaches that lead to high
compliance be utilized in other regulations and sectors? What data is
available to support this?
9. Economic Conditions/Market
    Submit a comment about economic conditions and/or markets in the
``Improving Regulations: Economic Conditions/Market'' docket (EPA-HQ-
OA-2011-0167). Use the following questions to guide your comments:
     Which regulations have impacted an industry sector(s) that
was hard hit by high unemployment in the past three years? What changes
to the regulation would promote economic growth or job creation without
compromising environmental protection? What data support this?
     How can regulations spur new markets, technologies and new
jobs? What suggestions do you have to support this idea?
     Which regulations have impeded economic growth in an
affected industry sector? What information is available to support
this? How could the regulations be modified to improve both economic
growth and environmental protection? What data support this?
     Where can EPA examine market-based incentives as an option
to regulation? What program would you design that utilizes market-based
incentives and ensures environmental objectives are still met?
     How can a regulation be improved so as to create, expand
or transform a market?
     Which regulations could be modified so as to invite
public/private partnerships, and how?

B. Program Area

    Use one of the dockets listed below to provide comments related to
a specific program area.
     ``Improving Regulations: Air'' docket--EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0155
     ``Improving Regulations: Pesticides'' docket--EPA-HQ-OA-
2011-0157
     ``Improving Regulations: Toxic Substances'' docket--EPA-
HQ-OA-2011-0159
     ``Improving Regulations: Waste'' docket--EPA-HQ-OA-2011-
0160
     ``Improving Regulations: Water'' docket--EPA-HQ-OA-2011-
0154

C. General Category

    Use the Improving Regulations: General docket (EPA-HQ-OA-2011-0156)
to submit an idea for how best to promote retrospective analysis of
rules. This docket may also be used for any comment that:
     Pertains to more than one issue/impact and/or program
area.
     Doesn't relate to any of the other docket categories
listed in this section.
    EPA welcomes comment and feedback from all parties on the issues
listed herein. The Agency is collecting this information for its
planning purposes and is not bound to further action or response. All
submissions will be made publically available on http://www.regulations.gov.

    Dated: February 18, 2011.
Michael Goo,
Associate Administrator, Office of Policy.
[FR Doc. 2011-4152 Filed 2-22-11; 8:45 am]
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