NOTE.   Data exclude faculty employed by system offices. Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Fall Staff'' survey. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 255 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 227.   Full time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by instruction activities and type and control of institution: Fall 1992 Instruction activities All institutions Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of full time instructional faculty and staff ( in thousands) ........................................................................................... 528 107 32 53 29 94 39 38 110 26 Percentage distribution .............................................................................. 100.0 20.3 6.1 10.0 5.4 17.9 7.3 7.2 20.8 5.0 Hours worked per week Average hours worked per week .................................................................. 52.5 56.4 57.6 55.1 53.4 52.4 51.8 52.5 46.9 49.0 Paid activities within institution ................................................................ 42.6 48.0 48.6 46.2 44.6 41.3 40.9 42.4 36.0 39.5 Unpaid activities within institution ............................................................ 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.3 3.4 5.9 5.8 5.8 6.0 5.1 Outside paid activities .............................................................................. 2.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 3.6 2.8 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.8 Unpaid activities outside institution .......................................................... 2.0 1.8 2.2 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.6 1.9 1.7 Work time distribution ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Teaching .................................................................................................. 54.5 40.4 34.7 46.9 44.5 60.3 59.7 63.7 68.8 60.8 Research/ scholarship ............................................................................... 17.7 31.6 35.5 23.8 21.7 14.0 11.8 9.7 4.5 10.7 Professional growth ................................................................................. 4.6 3.7 3.3 4.1 4.3 5.0 4.9 4.7 5.8 5.1 Administration .......................................................................................... 13.0 12.9 12.9 13.2 15.7 12.0 14.6 14.7 12.0 14.9 Outside consulting ................................................................................... 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.7 3.1 2.3 2.7 2.8 Service/ non teaching ............................................................................... 7.4 8.9 10.6 9.6 11.0 6.1 5.9 4.9 6.1 5.6 Preferred work time distribution ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Teaching .................................................................................................. 49.0 36.6 33.2 41.8 39.4 52.4 52.9 56.1 64.1 54.1 Research/ scholarship ............................................................................... 24.7 38.5 41.7 31.1 30.1 22.4 19.8 18.8 9.2 17.6 Professional growth ................................................................................. 8.1 6.5 6.2 7.2 6.9 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.8 9.3 Administration .......................................................................................... 8.2 7.8 7.1 8.0 10.2 7.7 9.2 8.6 8.1 9.6 Outside consulting ................................................................................... 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.6 3.5 3.9 2.9 3.1 3.7 Service/ non teaching ............................................................................... 6.6 7.4 8.4 8.6 9.9 5.6 5.7 4.8 5.7 5.6 Distribution of hours taught per week ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 4.0 ........................................................................................... 15.0 30.4 36.7 18.9 21.5 8.2 8.2 6.3 6.2 10.5 4.0 to 5.9 .................................................................................................. 8.0 15.0 18.9 10.4 9.1 4.9 5.2 5.8 3.3 5.9 6.0 to 7.9 .................................................................................................. 15.9 26.5 21.0 21.2 24.9 12.6 14.7 13.1 6.0 14.6 8.0 to 9.9 .................................................................................................. 14.6 11.9 7.0 19.0 18.9 19.9 21.9 22.2 6.5 12.3 10.0 to 14.9 .............................................................................................. 22.5 8.9 8.4 16.9 15.1 36.5 34.6 34.1 19.8 28.6 15.0 or more ............................................................................................ 23.9 7.3 8.1 13.6 10.6 17.9 15.4 18.5 58.2 28.0 Distribution of number of students taught ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 25 ............................................................................................ 13.1 21.7 33.3 15.9 18.5 7.3 8.3 11.7 5.9 13.2 25 to 49 .................................................................................................... 19.9 23.1 24.3 22.2 22.4 15.1 20.4 29.8 14.3 23.0 50 to 74 .................................................................................................... 19.5 18.7 11.6 16.7 13.0 20.2 27.8 26.7 17.4 24.7 75 to 99 .................................................................................................... 15.8 11.0 8.9 13.7 11.1 19.4 21.2 15.8 18.8 15.1 100 to 149 ................................................................................................ 18.9 10.9 10.2 15.5 17.6 25.1 17.4 12.0 27.6 16.3 150 or more ............................................................................................. 12.8 14.7 11.7 16.1 17.5 13.0 5.0 4.0 16.0 7.7 Distribution of student classroom contact hours per week 1 ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 50 ............................................................................................ 8.4 16.6 25.7 10.3 13.2 3.3 4.6 6.1 2.4 6.6 50 to 99 .................................................................................................... 10.6 16.2 18.2 13.5 12.7 7.6 9.9 11.8 4.6 12.1 100 to 199 ................................................................................................ 21.9 25.8 21.9 22.5 25.3 20.0 27.6 34.8 11.8 25.7 200 to 349 ................................................................................................ 27.6 20.1 18.4 25.9 18.1 34.0 38.4 30.2 28.2 28.7 350 to 499 ................................................................................................ 15.7 8.3 4.8 11.3 13.6 20.4 11.8 10.4 26.5 14.8 500 or more ............................................................................................. 15.8 13.0 11.0 16.6 17.1 14.8 7.8 6.9 26.6 12.1 Distribution of total classroom credit hours ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 4.0 ........................................................................................... 14.1 26.2 28.6 15.4 19.4 8.0 8.5 11.8 7.2 12.1 4.0 to 5.9 .................................................................................................. 8.6 14.7 14.8 12.5 10.8 5.8 6.0 5.9 4.2 7.8 6.0 to 7.9 .................................................................................................. 18.3 31.0 25.0 26.0 26.5 15.0 13.6 13.2 8.0 15.3 8.0 to 9.9 .................................................................................................. 18.6 15.0 16.1 22.6 18.8 23.6 28.2 24.4 10.7 18.8 10.0 to 14.9 .............................................................................................. 24.9 9.5 7.4 17.9 17.0 37.3 34.6 34.9 28.4 29.1 15.0 or more ............................................................................................ 15.5 3.7 8.0 5.6 7.5 10.3 9.2 9.9 41.5 17.0 Number of classes taught for credit Faculty with undergraduate classes only ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 ............................................................................................................... 16.0 34.4 40.9 20.6 22.1 11.5 11.3 9.9 12.3 13.1 2 ............................................................................................................... 23.2 42.9 37.2 34.0 40.8 20.8 21.2 21.6 13.9 19.6 3 ............................................................................................................... 23.6 14.5 7.9 27.6 25.0 31.9 31.2 35.0 15.3 27.1 4 ............................................................................................................... 20.0 6.1 7.4 13.3 6.5 26.7 26.1 20.7 21.9 25.4 5 or more ................................................................................................. 17.2 2.1 6.5 4.5 5.5 9.2 10.2 12.9 36.6 14.8 Faculty with graduate classes only ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0     100.0 1 ............................................................................................................... 47.9 57.1 53.2 45.4 46.4 30.3 21.0     32.6 2 ............................................................................................................... 33.4 33.7 38.4 35.0 31.3 23.0 36.3     36.0 3 ............................................................................................................... 12.6 6.8 4.7 13.4 17.4 28.2 30.1     18.1 4 ............................................................................................................... 4.1 1.9 1.6 3.5 3.5 13.3 9.9     9.3 5 or more ................................................................................................. 2.0 0.6 2.1 2.7 1.4 5.2 2.8     4.1 Faculty with both undergraduate and graduate classes ( percent) Total .............................................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0     2 ............................................................................................................... 42.3 58.9 67.6 48.3 40.5 25.0 17.6 22.1     3 ............................................................................................................... 32.2 29.9 22.8 31.3 36.6 34.0 45.7 21.7     4 ............................................................................................................... 16.1 5.5 7.4 14.6 12.1 25.7 27.6 37.0     5 or more ................................................................................................. 9.5 5.7 2.2 5.8 10.8 15.3 9.1 19.3     1 Hours that faculty and instructional staff spend each week with students during classroom instruction multiplied by the number of students taught.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 256 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 228.   Part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by instruction activities and type and control of institution: Fall 1992 Instruction activities All institutions Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of part time instructional faculty and staff ( in thousands) .................................................................................... 377 25 17 21 18 47 37 21 166 24 Percentage distribution ...................................................................... 100.0 6.7 4.6 5.5 4.8 12.5 9.7 5.6 44.2 6.5 Hours worked per week Average hours worked per week .......................................................... 33.8 38.9 40.3 34.6 37.0 34.7 35.6 33.4 31.5 32.6 Paid activities within institution ......................................................... 11.7 19.9 11.6 14.3 10.7 13.5 10.3 12.8 10.1 10.4 Unpaid activities within institution ..................................................... 3.2 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.5 2.3 2.5 3.1 2.8 Outside paid activities ...................................................................... 16.9 12.5 22.7 14.5 20.6 15.5 20.9 16.2 16.5 17.1 Unpaid activities outside institution .................................................. 1.9 2.3 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.3 Work time distribution ( percent) Total ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Teaching ........................................................................................... 59.8 52.1 38.7 60.7 42.7 61.6 56.6 61.4 64.9 59.3 Research/ scholarship ....................................................................... 7.1 15.7 17.7 8.7 8.9 8.2 5.9 6.6 4.4 7.0 Professional growth .......................................................................... 5.8 5.2 8.2 7.5 5.8 6.0 5.8 6.1 5.5 5.1 Administration ................................................................................... 5.8 5.4 12.7 5.1 4.6 6.2 6.3 7.0 5.0 5.2 Outside consulting ............................................................................ 10.4 10.4 11.0 8.6 17.0 8.2 12.4 10.6 9.9 11.0 Service/ non teaching ........................................................................ 11.1 11.2 11.6 9.2 21.0 9.7 12.9 8.3 10.3 12.5 Preferred work time distribution ( percent) Total ....................................................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Teaching ........................................................................................... 57.7 51.9 37.5 58.2 40.6 57.0 56.2 58.8 63.1 56.4 Research/ scholarship ....................................................................... 11.2 18.8 21.2 13.2 12.6 13.3 10.1 11.4 8.1 11.4 Professional growth .......................................................................... 9.0 7.6 9.4 9.7 8.6 9.3 8.4 9.0 9.1 8.6 Administration ................................................................................... 4.3 3.8 9.6 3.2 4.0 5.0 5.1 4.8 3.6 3.8 Outside consulting ............................................................................ 8.6 7.6 9.9 7.2 16.8 7.2 9.4 8.8 8.0 9.2 Service/ non teaching ........................................................................ 9.3 10.3 12.3 8.5 17.4 8.3 10.8 7.3 8.0 10.6 Distribution of hours taught per week ( percent) Total hours taught per week ................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 4.0 .................................................................................... 34.6 44.3 60.5 36.2 52.5 36.0 42.0 36.7 26.7 37.2 4.0 to 5.9 .......................................................................................... 15.3 11.1 14.8 15.3 16.4 15.7 13.2 16.7 15.9 16.1 6.0 to 7.9 .......................................................................................... 20.0 15.7 14.5 19.5 13.8 20.9 18.0 20.2 22.9 12.9 8.0 to 9.9 .......................................................................................... 12.4 13.0 4.6 14.9 6.9 11.6 9.7 8.8 14.6 12.8 10.0 to 14.9 ...................................................................................... 9.7 5.7 3.4 8.5 4.0 9.7 8.5 9.2 11.6 10.9 15.0 or more ..................................................................................... 7.9 10.2 2.2 5.8 6.4 6.2 8.6 8.5 8.4 10.2 Distribution of number of students taught ( percent) Total students taught ............................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 25 ..................................................................................... 36.5 36.0 57.4 27.1 48.2 26.2 47.2 50.1 31.8 49.2 25 to 49 ............................................................................................ 33.5 22.9 25.5 29.4 31.8 33.7 28.9 32.7 38.7 23.4 50 to 74 ............................................................................................ 16.2 15.6 11.1 20.2 9.9 21.1 13.2 10.1 16.9 15.7 75 to 99 ............................................................................................ 6.2 5.9 3.1 8.7 2.4 8.0 5.4 3.5 6.7 5.3 100 to 149 ........................................................................................ 5.1 8.5 2.7 8.3 0.5 8.4 4.0 3.1 4.4 5.7 150 or more ...................................................................................... 2.5 11.1 0.2 6.2 7.2 2.7 1.4 0.6 1.5 0.7 Distribution of student classroom contact hours per week 1 ( percent) Total contact hours ................................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 50 ..................................................................................... 18.6 23.8 45.3 13.2 35.4 12.4 27.6 27.2 11.6 30.3 50 to 99 ............................................................................................ 26.8 18.9 34.6 21.8 28.5 24.0 30.0 33.3 27.8 20.2 100 to 199 ........................................................................................ 30.3 25.0 9.5 35.7 22.1 36.9 25.5 25.6 33.6 24.7 200 to 349 ........................................................................................ 15.4 14.4 7.7 17.6 4.5 14.8 9.6 8.9 18.8 18.0 350 to 499 ........................................................................................ 4.6 6.7 2.7 5.0 2.1 6.7 2.7 4.0 4.6 4.5 500 or more ...................................................................................... 4.4 11.1 0.2 6.6 7.5 5.2 4.7 1.1 3.7 2.3 Distribution of total classroom credit hours ( percent) Total credit hours .................................................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Less than 4.0 .................................................................................... 40.3 48.7 51.5 36.9 54.6 39.9 48.5 47.8 35.1 37.3 4.0 to 5.9 .......................................................................................... 15.7 12.8 27.8 17.2 10.9 13.7 9.6 14.2 16.4 21.9 6.0 to 7.9 .......................................................................................... 21.5 16.8 8.9 21.6 16.8 24.9 20.9 18.8 23.8 17.2 8.0 to 9.9 .......................................................................................... 12.4 16.9 5.5 9.3 11.5 13.9 8.9 9.5 13.4 13.7 10.0 to 14.9 ...................................................................................... 6.9 3.2 6.3 8.1 4.3 5.4 7.9 7.3 8.0 5.2 15.0 or more ..................................................................................... 3.2 1.6 ( 2) 7.0 2.0 2.3 4.4 2.5 3.3 4.7 Number of classes taught for credit Faculty with undergraduate classes only ( percent) Total undergraduate credit courses ..................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 ........................................................................................................ 50.2 49.4 69.1 48.6 61.6 49.6 54.5 50.7 48.1 52.4 2 ........................................................................................................ 32.0 26.7 26.1 34.8 27.0 32.6 28.0 30.8 33.8 28.3 3 ........................................................................................................ 11.2 12.8 0.8 11.0 8.5 12.5 10.7 9.3 11.6 12.1 4 ........................................................................................................ 4.0 6.6 4.0 4.6 1.5 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.8 5.6 5 or more .......................................................................................... 2.6 4.5 ( 2) 1.1 1.5 1.7 3.0 5.2 2.8 1.6 Faculty with graduate classes only ( percent) Total graduate credit courses .............................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0     100.0 1 ........................................................................................................ 72.4 70.5 77.6 62.7 72.9 57.6 74.5     84.1 2 ........................................................................................................ 18.0 13.1 14.5 33.0 16.1 33.2 18.9     6.3 3 ........................................................................................................ 7.1 12.8 5.9 4.1 8.7 8.1 3.1     5.7 4 ........................................................................................................ 1.3 0.9 2.0 ( 2) 1.4 1.0 1.4     1.8 5 or more .......................................................................................... 1.2 2.7 ( 2) 0.2 1.0 ( 2) 2.1     2.2 Faculty with both undergraduate and graduate classes ( percent) Total graduate and undergraduate courses ........................................ 100.0                   2 ........................................................................................................ 48.0                   3 ........................................................................................................ 35.7                   4 ........................................................................................................ 10.6                   5 or more .......................................................................................... 5.7                   1 Hours that faculty and instructional staff spend each week with students during classroom instruction multiplied by the number of students taught.

2 Less than .05 percent.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 257 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 229.   Percentage distribution of full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by program area, race/ ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1992 Program area Number Percent White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Full time instructional faculty and staff Total ................................................................................... 528,260 100.0 58.0 28.4 2.7 2.4 1.8 0.9 3.9 1.3 0.3 0.2 Agriculture and home economics ......................................... 11,366 100.0 70.4 20.3 2.3 1.6 1.6 0.2 1.0 1.9   0.7 Business ............................................................................... 39,928 100.0 61.3 27.2 2.0 2.2 1.0 0.6 3.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 Communications ................................................................... 10,296 100.0 55.9 30.4 2.9 2.7 1.5   4.3 1.2 0.8 0.3 Education .............................................................................. 37,066 100.0 42.8 41.9 4.0 5.4 1.0 2.4 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.3 Teacher education ............................................................ 12,490 100.0 39.8 50.3 2.1 4.9 0.1 0.7 0.3 1.0 0.5 0.2 Other education ................................................................ 24,576 100.0 44.4 37.6 4.9 5.7 1.4 3.3 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.3 Engineering ........................................................................... 24,431 100.0 72.7 3.9 2.1 0.7 2.9 0.2 15.5 1.3 0.7   Fine arts ................................................................................ 31,659 100.0 59.6 29.0 3.8 1.9 2.1 0.3 1.2 1.5 0.3 0.2 Health sciences .................................................................... 79,422 100.0 42.1 43.8 2.3 3.4 1.5 0.7 3.9 2.2 0.1 0.1 First professional ............................................................... 36,867 100.0 63.3 19.0 3.6 1.0 2.8 0.9 7.2 2.1 0.2   Nursing .............................................................................. 21,776 100.0 0.9 87.5 0.5 7.1   0.9 0.1 2.9   0.2 Other health sciences ....................................................... 20,779 100.0 47.5 42.0 1.8 3.7 0.9 0.3 2.0 1.5 0.2 0.2 Humanities ............................................................................ 73,923 100.0 52.8 35.2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.9 0.3 0.1 English and literature ........................................................ 37,432 100.0 44.5 45.5 2.2 2.9 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.2 0.5 0.1 Foreign languages ............................................................ 13,722 100.0 39.5 36.8 1.2 0.6 5.7 7.5 1.8 6.4   0.4 History ............................................................................... 14,574 100.0 70.2 20.2 3.0 2.3 1.3 0.4 1.7 0.4 0.3   Philosophy ......................................................................... 8,195 100.0 82.1 12.5 1.7 0.2 1.2 0.3 1.5 0.2 0.2   Law ....................................................................................... 8,524 100.0 57.6 30.1 5.4 3.0 1.2 1.0 0.2 1.4     Natural sciences ................................................................... 101,505 100.0 68.2 17.6 2.6 1.0 1.6 0.4 7.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 Biological sciences ............................................................ 34,289 100.0 67.1 20.8 3.2 1.5 1.1 0.5 4.5 0.9 0.3 0.1 Physical sciences .............................................................. 28,313 100.0 76.7 10.2 2.2 0.3 2.0 0.1 7.7 0.9     Mathematics ...................................................................... 25,325 100.0 61.3 21.6 2.7 1.0 1.7 0.6 9.1 1.2 0.5 0.4 Computer sciences ........................................................... 13,578 100.0 65.8 17.8 2.1 1.3 1.7 0.1 10.3 0.8     Social sciences ..................................................................... 58,232 100.0 64.6 22.7 3.1 3.1 1.9 0.8 2.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 Economics ......................................................................... 9,778 100.0 69.8 12.3 3.9 0.3 3.0 1.1 7.8 1.7     Political science ................................................................ 9,324 100.0 75.0 14.8 3.6 1.9 2.7 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.1   Psychology ........................................................................ 17,784 100.0 56.9 32.3 2.3 4.3 1.5 0.8 1.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 Sociology ........................................................................... 9,511 100.0 67.4 20.6 2.7 3.3 2.3 0.5 1.3 0.8 0.9   Other social sciences ........................................................ 11,835 100.0 61.3 25.0 3.4 4.3 0.8 1.1 2.7 0.6 0.3 0.6 Occupationally specific programs ......................................... 15,268 100.0 75.7 13.8 3.6 0.9 2.9 0.3 1.9 0.2 0.5 0.2 All other programs ................................................................ 27,717 100.0 57.4 30.7 2.8 3.4 2.0 0.6 2.2 0.6   0.1 Part time instructional faculty and staff Total ................................................................................... 376,675 100.0 48.6 39.8 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.4 0.4 0.2 Agriculture and home economics ......................................... 2,758 100.0 46.9 52.0     1.1           Business ............................................................................... 34,679 100.0 63.6 25.9 3.3 1.9 2.0 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.2 0.4 Communications ................................................................... 10,307 100.0 43.2 49.9 4.0 0.9   0.6 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 Education .............................................................................. 30,758 100.0 28.9 58.8 2.5 5.5 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.1 0.3 0.6 Teacher education ............................................................ 12,390 100.0 20.0 68.5 2.3 6.6 0.6 0.8 0.5 0.8     Other education ................................................................ 18,368 100.0 34.9 52.2 2.7 4.8 0.7 1.6 0.3 1.3 0.5 1.0 Engineering ........................................................................... 11,632 100.0 79.3 7.2 1.9   2.0   6.8 0.8 1.9   Fine arts ................................................................................ 32,814 100.0 46.2 43.1 3.4 1.8 1.3 1.3 0.4 1.9 0.5 0.2 Health sciences .................................................................... 44,763 100.0 36.8 51.4 3.0 2.6 1.0 0.7 2.3 1.7 0.4 0.1 First professional ............................................................... 17,710 100.0 57.6 27.7 6.1 1.1 0.6 0.3 4.9 1.8     Nursing .............................................................................. 10,498 100.0 5.4 84.0   6.6   0.9   2.4   0.6 Other health sciences ....................................................... 16,555 100.0 34.5 56.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.1   Humanities ............................................................................ 60,041 100.0 35.8 51.5 1.1 2.2 2.7 3.1 1.1 1.7 0.3 0.5 English and literature ........................................................ 37,395 100.0 29.4 60.9 0.6 2.9 2.0 1.5 0.6 1.2 0.4 0.6 Foreign languages ............................................................ 10,566 100.0 27.0 44.7 1.1 1.7 5.9 12.1 2.2 4.9   0.5 History ............................................................................... 7,812 100.0 61.9 30.7 2.9 0.7 1.7 0.2 1.5   0.3   Philosophy ......................................................................... 4,268 100.0 66.3 24.6 2.6 0.3 2.7   2.3 1.2     Law ....................................................................................... 13,552 100.0 68.2 23.6 3.7 2.7 0.3 0.2 1.3       Natural sciences ................................................................... 60,242 100.0 58.3 29.2 3.1 1.0 2.1 0.4 3.6 1.6 0.7 ( 1) Biological sciences ............................................................ 11,747 100.0 50.3 37.4 3.2 1.1 2.1 0.6 1.8 3.5     Physical sciences .............................................................. 10,626 100.0 67.6 21.2 1.5 0.4 1.1 0.9 5.5 1.9     Mathematics ...................................................................... 24,559 100.0 52.8 34.5 4.6 0.9 2.4 0.2 3.4 0.7 0.4 0.1 Computer sciences ........................................................... 13,310 100.0 68.2 18.4 1.7 1.4 2.3 0.3 4.0 1.2 2.4   Social sciences ..................................................................... 33,854 100.0 48.8 38.3 3.7 2.9 1.8 0.9 2.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 Economics ......................................................................... 3,038 100.0 69.0 13.8 1.7 1.0 2.7   9.1 2.5     Political science ................................................................ 3,055 100.0 72.4 18.6 4.6 0.4 3.4 0.5         Psychology ........................................................................ 15,617 100.0 45.6 45.7 2.5 1.5 1.5 0.5 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.3 Sociology ........................................................................... 4,384 100.0 33.2 52.5 6.3 4.0 1.2 0.2 1.5 1.0     Other social sciences ........................................................ 7,760 100.0 47.0 32.8 4.9 7.0 1.7 2.4 1.0 1.9 1.2   Occupationally specific programs ......................................... 16,490 100.0 71.2 18.0 3.5 0.8 5.1   1.3   0.1   All other programs ................................................................ 19,769 100.0 44.7 43.5 1.9 1.5 2.3 1.6 2.4 2.1     1 Less than 0.05 percent.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding and nonresponse to program area question, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 258 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 230.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by selected characteristics and type and control of institution: Fall 1992 Selected characteristics Number in thousands Percent total Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Full time instructional faculty Total ( in thousands) ................................................... 528   107 32 53 29 94 39 38 110 26 Percent ........................................................................   100.0 20.3 6.1 10.0 5.4 17.9 7.3 7.2 20.8 5.0 Percentage distribution Total .............................................................................   100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sex Male ................................................................................ 353 66.8 76.7 69.1 69.9 76.4 66.1 64.9 61.1 54.7 70.5 Female ............................................................................ 176 33.2 23.3 30.9 30.1 23.6 33.9 35.2 38.9 45.3 29.5 Race White, non Hispanic ........................................................ 457 86.5 88.0 83.7 87.5 84.1 82.7 91.3 90.0 85.5 89.2 Black, non Hispanic ........................................................ 27 5.2 2.8 5.0 3.1 4.9 9.1 3.5 5.4 6.2 3.7 Hispanic .......................................................................... 14 2.6 2.2 2.1 2.5 3.7 2.6 1.6 1.3 4.1 1.4 Asian/ Pacific Islander ..................................................... 28 5.2 6.9 9.0 6.1 7.1 5.1 3.3 2.8 3.3 5.2 American Indian/ Alaskan Native .................................... 3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.5 1.0 0.5 Age 29 or younger ................................................................. 8 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.6 1.5 1.4 2.1 1.7 2.0 30 to 34 .......................................................................... 35 6.7 7.2 7.8 8.4 9.2 5.9 7.0 7.0 5.3 5.1 35 to 39 .......................................................................... 67 12.6 14.3 20.4 14.4 15.4 10.6 10.4 13.9 9.8 10.8 40 to 44 .......................................................................... 90 17.1 18.1 19.9 17.4 17.9 15.1 16.4 17.4 16.8 16.5 45 to 49 .......................................................................... 98 18.5 17.0 15.3 16.8 19.7 18.8 18.9 19.7 20.8 17.8 50 to 54 .......................................................................... 95 18.0 15.9 11.5 17.4 12.8 21.5 16.7 14.7 21.9 18.2 55 to 59 .......................................................................... 67 12.7 12.8 9.1 11.7 10.0 14.4 12.8 11.9 13.5 14.4 60 to 64 .......................................................................... 45 8.4 8.9 8.3 8.2 8.0 8.2 11.3 8.5 7.1 9.6 65 or older ...................................................................... 24 4.5 4.8 5.9 4.5 6.5 3.9 5.1 4.8 3.2 5.8 Highest degree Doctoral .......................................................................... 284 54.0 70.8 63.7 62.6 58.2 68.1 60.8 58.4 16.6 40.7 Professional .................................................................... 58 11.1 17.0 24.9 20.1 29.4 4.3 7.7 3.2 2.3 9.7 Master's .......................................................................... 156 29.7 10.6 10.2 16.0 10.5 26.4 29.3 35.3 63.9 42.1 Bachelor's ....................................................................... 21 4.0 1.6 1.1 1.3 1.9 1.1 2.1 3.1 11.9 6.6 Less than bachelor's ...................................................... 6 1.2 0.1 0.1 ( 1) ( 1) 0.2 0.1 ( 1) 5.4 0.9 Academic rank Full professor .................................................................. 161 30.4 39.8 33.3 31.3 30.5 34.3 26.8 28.7 19.1 27.8 Associate professor ........................................................ 124 23.4 26.4 22.7 26.3 26.8 26.9 29.0 25.3 12.9 23.4 Assistant professor ......................................................... 124 23.5 22.7 27.0 31.2 29.1 26.1 31.9 29.9 11.3 21.8 Instructor ......................................................................... 74 14.0 4.0 4.6 7.6 9.1 8.6 8.0 9.2 39.7 12.5 Lecturer ........................................................................... 12 2.2 3.9 6.7 1.7 1.8 2.6 1.2 1.6 0.4 0.7 Other ............................................................................... 17 3.2 3.2 4.8 1.8 2.6 1.4 1.9 3.7 5.7 2.9 No rank ........................................................................... 17 3.2 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.3 1.7 11.0 10.9 Base salary Under $ 10,000 ................................................................ 14 2.6 2.0 3.0 2.1 2.7 2.1 2.7 2.5 3.5 3.6 $ 10,000 to 24,999 .......................................................... 29 5.6 3.6 5.1 4.7 2.8 5.5 5.3 10.0 6.2 10.7 $ 25,000 to 39,999 .......................................................... 182 34.4 19.5 14.4 29.0 24.5 37.1 44.0 53.5 47.2 36.9 $ 40,000 to 54,999 .......................................................... 164 31.0 29.4 28.5 29.8 24.9 34.0 32.1 24.6 33.8 35.5 $ 55,000 to 69,999 .......................................................... 77 14.5 22.7 15.7 17.0 19.8 16.9 10.0 6.0 8.0 6.5 $ 70,000 to 84,999 .......................................................... 32 6.1 12.1 13.0 9.0 9.9 3.3 3.6 2.2 0.8 4.0 $ 85,000 to 99,999 .......................................................... 11 2.1 4.4 3.7 2.3 7.7 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.1 1.6 $ 100,000 or more ........................................................... 20 3.7 6.5 16.6 6.2 7.7 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.4 1.2 259 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 230.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by selected characteristics and type and control of institution: Fall 1992   Continued Selected characteristics Number in thousands Percent total Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Part time instructional faculty Total ( in thousands) ................................................... 377   25 17 21 18 47 37 21 166 24 Percent ........................................................................   100.0 6.7 4.6 5.5 4.8 12.5 9.7 5.6 44.2 6.5 Percentage distribution Total .............................................................................   100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sex Male ................................................................................ 209 55.4 56.8 58.7 55.4 63.1 49.1 56.4 46.6 56.6 56.1 Female ............................................................................ 168 44.6 43.3 41.3 44.6 36.9 51.0 43.7 53.4 43.4 44.0 Race White, non Hispanic ........................................................ 333 88.3 87.8 89.5 91.4 87.7 85.0 90.8 89.6 87.9 90.8 Black, non Hispanic ........................................................ 18 4.8 2.5 4.4 3.3 7.1 7.2 5.0 5.9 4.6 3.2 Hispanic .......................................................................... 11 3.0 3.2 2.7 1.6 1.5 3.0 1.1 2.9 4.0 1.1 Asian/ Pacific Islander ..................................................... 12 3.2 6.6 3.0 3.3 3.5 4.1 2.5 1.6 2.7 3.8 American Indian/ Alaskan Native .................................... 2 0.6 ( 1) 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.1 0.8 1.1 Age 29 or younger ................................................................. 20 5.4 4.0 2.7 8.3 1.9 7.7 4.0 2.7 6.1 5.0 30 to 34 .......................................................................... 36 9.5 6.5 18.5 6.5 7.4 10.1 6.9 8.0 10.0 11.7 35 to 39 .......................................................................... 59 15.6 15.7 13.8 16.8 27.3 15.0 14.6 19.3 14.6 14.5 40 to 44 .......................................................................... 70 18.6 20.1 11.8 19.4 16.0 17.9 18.4 21.4 19.5 16.1 45 to 49 .......................................................................... 68 18.0 19.0 19.0 17.1 18.9 16.1 20.9 21.8 17.5 16.7 50 to 54 .......................................................................... 45 12.0 12.9 12.1 10.5 9.9 11.0 11.8 9.3 12.7 13.4 55 to 59 .......................................................................... 29 7.6 8.1 11.1 6.2 3.8 10.0 9.3 6.1 7.2 6.3 60 to 64 .......................................................................... 23 6.1 5.0 8.1 5.4 6.5 5.9 6.5 4.2 6.5 4.9 65 or older ...................................................................... 27 7.1 8.9 2.8 10.0 8.4 6.4 7.6 7.2 6.1 11.6 Highest degree Doctoral .......................................................................... 59 16.0 30.4 26.3 17.5 26.0 19.0 21.5 21.8 8.1 17.6 Professional .................................................................... 40 10.7 18.5 23.7 29.2 34.4 5.2 10.5 3.2 5.1 15.0 Master's .......................................................................... 190 51.6 39.1 43.2 41.4 31.5 61.1 58.4 58.7 53.0 50.3 Bachelor's ....................................................................... 63 17.0 12.1 6.8 11.7 7.9 14.0 9.3 15.7 24.0 13.3 Less than bachelor's ...................................................... 17 4.7 ( 1) ( 1) 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.6 9.8 3.8 Academic rank Full professor .................................................................. 32 8.6 11.6 18.6 9.5 14.0 6.6 15.2 11.5 4.1 15.1 Associate professor ........................................................ 23 6.0 17.3 15.5 13.5 11.6 3.2 6.4 4.7 2.4 7.0 Assistant professor ......................................................... 24 6.4 14.2 12.6 11.6 19.9 4.1 7.5 11.3 2.4 5.8 Instructor ......................................................................... 215 57.2 24.7 27.8 40.1 27.4 51.3 43.5 53.6 76.4 52.7 Lecturer ........................................................................... 45 12.0 24.2 18.1 12.9 18.9 23.1 17.6 10.4 5.2 7.4 Other ............................................................................... 28 7.3 7.8 5.9 10.9 7.3 11.0 7.9 7.8 5.7 7.7 No rank ........................................................................... 9 2.5 0.3 1.6 1.4 0.8 0.8 1.9 0.7 3.8 4.3 Base salary Under $ 10,000 ................................................................ 281 74.5 51.8 70.9 65.1 66.3 69.2 79.4 70.0 81.7 72.2 $ 10,000 to 24,999 .......................................................... 68 18.1 30.8 19.3 21.8 23.3 23.0 16.4 23.1 13.2 19.3 $ 25,000 to 39,999 .......................................................... 16 4.2 8.8 5.0 8.1 4.2 5.1 2.9 4.4 2.9 4.7 $ 40,000 to 54,999 .......................................................... 5 1.4 2.6 1.9 2.8 2.2 1.0 0.7 1.1 1.1 2.1 $ 55,000 to 69,999 .......................................................... 2 0.6 3.5 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3 ( 1) $ 70,000 to 84,999 .......................................................... 1 0.3 0.2 ( 1) 0.6 1.4 0.2 ( 1) 0.1 0.2 0.9 $ 85,000 to 99,999 .......................................................... 1 0.3 1.7 1.6 0.1 0.2 ( 1) ( 1) 0.1 0.1 ( 1) $ 100,000 or more ........................................................... 3 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.0 1.9 1.1 0.1 1.1 0.5 0.9 1 Less than 0.05 percent.   Data not applicable.

NOTE.   Data may not add to totals because of rounding or missing data. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 260 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 231.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by type and control, academic rank, age, salary, race/ ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1992 Selected characteristics Number Percent White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Full time instructional faculty and staff All institutions ............................ 528,260   306,477 150,265 14,457 12,941 9,289 4,564 20,858 6,851 1,638 920 Percentage distribution ............   100.0 58.0 28.4 2.7 2.4 1.8 0.9 3.9 1.3 0.3 0.2 Type and control Public research ................................... 107,358 100.0 67.8 20.2 1.5 1.2 1.6 0.6 5.6 1.3 0.1 0.1 Private research .................................. 32,164 100.0 58.0 25.7 3.0 2.0 1.3 0.8 6.6 2.4 0.2   Public doctoral .................................... 52,808 100.0 61.0 26.5 1.7 1.4 1.8 0.7 4.7 1.4 0.6 0.2 Private doctoral ................................... 28,684 100.0 64.8 19.4 3.4 1.5 2.6 1.1 5.6 1.6 0.1 0.1 Public comprehensive ......................... 94,477 100.0 55.0 27.7 5.0 4.1 1.8 0.8 4.1 1.0 0.2 0.3 Private comprehensive ....................... 38,561 100.0 59.7 31.6 1.7 1.9 1.0 0.6 2.5 0.9 ( 1) 0.1 Private liberal arts ............................... 38,052 100.0 54.4 35.6 3.7 1.7 0.8 0.5 1.9 0.9 0.3 0.2 Public 2 year ....................................... 109,957 100.0 47.2 38.3 2.5 3.7 2.5 1.6 1.9 1.4 0.7 0.3 Other ................................................... 26,200 100.0 63.6 25.5 1.7 2.1 1.1 0.4 3.8 1.4 0.3 0.2 Academic rank Full professor ...................................... 160,559 100.0 75.0 14.7 2.2 1.1 1.5 0.4 4.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 Associate professor ............................ 123,708 100.0 62.3 25.2 2.9 2.3 1.5 0.8 3.6 1.0 0.3 0.1 Assistant professor ............................. 124,293 100.0 46.8 36.3 2.9 3.2 2.1 1.2 4.9 2.2 0.2 0.2 Instructor ............................................. 73,897 100.0 43.2 41.3 3.2 4.0 2.2 1.1 2.4 1.8 0.6 0.3 Lecturer ............................................... 11,869 100.0 28.7 54.5 2.6 3.7 2.0 1.2 3.8 2.5   1.1 Other ................................................... 17,072 100.0 40.3 40.6 4.2 4.8 2.2 1.8 4.1 1.7 0.2 0.1 No rank ............................................... 16,862 100.0 50.9 39.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 0.9 1.9 1.7 0.9 0.3 Age Under 30 ............................................. 7,636 100.0 39.5 39.5 2.4 5.3 2.0 1.9 6.1 3.0 0.3 0.1 30 to 34 ............................................... 35,418 100.0 45.6 33.3 4.1 3.6 3.1 1.2 6.4 2.4 0.2   35 to 39 ............................................... 66,757 100.0 49.9 33.9 2.7 2.5 1.8 1.0 5.5 2.1 0.4 0.2 40 to 44 ............................................... 90,175 100.0 51.1 33.3 2.5 3.1 2.1 1.5 4.2 1.6 0.2 0.5 45 to 49 ............................................... 97,705 100.0 56.2 31.5 2.5 2.9 2.0 0.9 2.7 1.2 0.3 0.1 50 to 54 ............................................... 94,852 100.0 63.3 26.2 2.5 1.9 1.3 0.6 3.1 0.8 0.3 0.2 55 to 59 ............................................... 67,332 100.0 67.2 21.2 2.8 1.7 1.3 0.3 4.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 60 to 64 ............................................... 44,609 100.0 70.2 18.2 2.8 1.8 1.3 0.5 4.2 0.8 0.2 0.1 65 or older .......................................... 23,778 100.0 69.5 20.0 3.9 1.1 1.6 0.7 2.3 0.5 0.1 0.3 Base salary Under $ 10,000 .................................... 13,771 100.0 53.2 30.4 7.1 4.9 0.9 0.3 1.9 1.0 0.3 0.1 10,000 to 24,999 ................................. 29,384 100.0 35.7 50.6 1.8 3.9 1.3 1.3 2.5 2.3 0.1 0.6 25,000 to 39,999 ................................. 181,830 100.0 45.4 40.7 2.8 3.4 1.8 1.2 2.5 1.6 0.4 0.2 40,000 to 54,999 ................................. 163,774 100.0 61.8 23.7 2.8 2.1 1.9 1.0 5.1 1.2 0.3 0.1 55,000 to 69,999 ................................. 76,716 100.0 73.3 15.2 2.4 1.3 2.3 0.4 4.0 0.9 0.2 0.1 70,000 to 84,999 ................................. 32,096 100.0 78.9 11.2 2.1 0.9 1.7 ( 1) 4.5 0.6 0.2   85,000 to 99,999 ................................. 11,068 100.0 71.2 12.7 4.7 0.4 0.7   9.6 0.8     100,000 or more ................................. 19,622 100.0 78.5 9.4 1.4 0.6 0.7 0.1 7.1 1.5 0.6 0.2 Total income Under $ 10,000 .................................... 6,825 100.0 47.4 39.1 3.0 4.9 0.6 0.5 2.3 1.9   0.3 10,000 to 24,999 ................................. 17,522 100.0 32.5 50.3 3.4 4.6 1.6 1.5 2.8 1.8 0.4 1.0 25,000 to 39,999 ................................. 129,649 100.0 40.2 46.2 2.6 3.6 1.1 1.3 2.7 1.8 0.2 0.3 40,000 to 54,999 ................................. 158,575 100.0 55.1 30.2 3.0 2.7 2.2 1.1 3.9 1.3 0.4 0.1 55,000 to 69,999 ................................. 94,903 100.0 69.6 17.6 2.7 1.9 1.7 0.7 4.4 0.9 0.4 0.2 70,000 to 84,999 ................................. 49,484 100.0 75.3 13.0 2.1 1.4 1.8 0.4 4.7 1.0 0.3 ( 1) 85,000 to 99,999 ................................. 23,811 100.0 76.4 11.1 4.0 0.6 1.8 0.1 5.3 0.4 0.3   100,000 or more ................................. 47,490 100.0 77.1 10.9 1.9 0.7 2.3 0.1 5.8 1.0 0.2 0.1 261 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 231.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by type and control, academic rank, age, salary, race/ ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1992   Continued Selected characteristics Number Percent White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Part time instructional faculty and staff All institutions ............................ 376,675   182,976 149,814 10,274 7,987 6,965 4,232 7,016 5,135 1,478 797 Percentage distribution ............   100.0 48.6 39.8 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.1 1.9 1.4 0.4 0.2 Type and control Public research ................................... 25,360 100.0 49.0 38.7 0.8 1.7 2.1 1.1 4.8 1.7     Private research .................................. 17,259 100.0 50.6 39.0 3.3 1.2 2.7   1.8 1.2 0.4   Public doctoral .................................... 20,761 100.0 50.6 40.8 1.7 1.6 1.0 0.5 1.8 1.5 0.2 0.3 Private doctoral ................................... 18,014 100.0 54.6 33.1 6.0 1.2 1.3 0.2 1.0 2.5 0.2   Public comprehensive ......................... 47,056 100.0 40.4 44.6 4.3 2.9 1.1 1.9 2.7 1.4 0.5 0.2 Private comprehensive ....................... 36,525 100.0 51.4 39.5 2.1 2.8 0.8 0.3 1.6 0.9 0.4 0.1 Private liberal arts ............................... 20,909 100.0 40.5 49.1 3.9 2.0 1.4 1.5 0.8 0.8 0.1   Public 2 year ....................................... 166,335 100.0 49.6 38.3 2.6 2.0 2.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 Other ................................................... 24,454 100.0 52.4 38.4 0.7 2.5 0.6 0.5 1.6 2.2 0.8 0.3 Academic rank Full professor ...................................... 32,269 100.0 63.2 25.0 3.5 1.7 1.7 0.4 2.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 Associate professor ............................ 22,518 100.0 59.4 30.1 1.6 1.2 1.5 0.4 3.7 1.3 0.4 0.4 Assistant professor ............................. 24,237 100.0 49.1 37.4 5.7 2.5 0.6 0.4 2.4 1.9   0.1 Instructor ............................................. 215,442 100.0 46.1 42.4 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.2 1.4 1.2 0.5 0.2 Lecturer ............................................... 45,328 100.0 48.5 39.8 2.1 2.0 1.3 1.6 2.5 1.8 0.2 0.2 Other ................................................... 27,553 100.0 43.7 44.8 3.6 2.3 0.8 1.2 1.2 2.0   0.5 No rank ............................................... 9,328 100.0 42.4 45.9 2.1 2.8   2.0 2.9 1.3 0.6   Age Under 30 ............................................. 20,483 100.0 41.2 46.3 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.9 1.5 2.5 0.3 0.5 30 to 34 ............................................... 35,908 100.0 41.6 44.6 2.0 2.1 2.6 1.5 2.1 2.7 0.5 0.2 35 to 39 ............................................... 58,923 100.0 42.8 43.8 4.1 2.2 2.1 1.0 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.2 40 to 44 ............................................... 70,025 100.0 47.5 41.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.5 0.2 0.2 45 to 49 ............................................... 67,969 100.0 48.2 41.8 2.1 1.7 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.0 ( 1) 0.3 50 to 54 ............................................... 45,093 100.0 49.2 36.5 3.6 2.8 2.2 0.6 2.3 1.6 0.9 0.3 55 to 59 ............................................... 28,764 100.0 55.3 34.6 3.3 1.6 1.4 0.6 2.0 1.0 0.2   60 to 64 ............................................... 22,943 100.0 56.2 33.6 2.1 2.3 2.2 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.1 65 or older .......................................... 26,565 100.0 65.6 25.4 2.4 2.8 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.4     Base salary Under $ 10,000 .................................... 280,526 100.0 49.6 39.1 2.7 2.3 1.7 1.1 1.6 1.3 0.3 0.2 10,000 to 24,999 ................................. 68,117 100.0 43.1 44.9 2.2 1.4 2.8 1.3 2.5 1.5 0.3 0.2 25,000 to 39,999 ................................. 15,840 100.0 49.4 38.1 4.1 2.0 1.6 0.3 2.5 1.2 0.8   40,000 to 54,999 ................................. 5,307 100.0 55.2 32.8 2.1 1.9 1.5 2.7 0.1 1.8 1.9   55,000 to 69,999 ................................. 2,157       3.5   0.6   22.0 8.6     70,000 to 84,999 ................................. 1,127       7.7 4.2     2.7   8.0   85,000 to 99,999 ................................. 942                       100,000 or more ................................. 2,657 100.0 46.9 39.0 10.5 0.5 1.2     2.0     Total income Under $ 10,000 .................................... 70,693 100.0 35.4 52.6 2.3 2.9 1.9 1.3 1.6 1.6 ( 1) 0.4 10,000 to 24,999 ................................. 84,803 100.0 33.2 57.1 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.3 1.9 0.4 0.1 25,000 to 39,999 ................................. 74,809 100.0 48.5 39.6 2.5 2.9 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.2 0.3 40,000 to 54,999 ................................. 58,057 100.0 55.8 32.1 3.4 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.8 0.7 1.3 0.4 55,000 to 69,999 ................................. 32,386 100.0 69.3 17.5 3.4 1.6 3.2 0.5 3.0 1.2 0.3   70,000 to 84,999 ................................. 17,199 100.0 69.4 17.8 4.7 0.7 2.9 0.7 2.8 0.5 0.5   85,000 to 99,999 ................................. 8,231 100.0 70.2 18.1 4.7 0.8 4.7   1.4       100,000 or more ................................. 30,497 100.0 68.9 19.0 4.7 1.5 1.0   3.3 1.6 0.1   1 Less than 0.05 percent.   Data not available or applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 262 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 232.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by faculty characteristics and field: Fall 1992 Faculty characteristics Number in thousands All fields Agriculture and home economics Business Education Engineering Fine arts Health Humanities Natural sciences Social sciences Other and not reported 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Full time instructional faculty and staff Full time, in thousands ............. 528   11 40 37 24 32 79 74 102 58 62 Percent ........................................   100.0 2.2 7.7 7.1 4.7 6.1 15.3 14.2 19.5 11.2 11.9 Percentage distribution of full time faculty Total ............................................ 528 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sex Male ............................................ 353 66.8 75.3 68.9 48.9 93.9 67.0 49.9 58.6 79.9 72.5 69.6 Female ........................................ 176 33.2 24.7 31.2 51.1 6.1 33.0 50.1 41.4 20.1 27.5 30.4 Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ................... 457 86.5 90.8 88.5 84.7 76.6 88.6 85.9 88.1 85.8 87.3 88.1 Black, non Hispanic .................... 27 5.2 3.9 4.1 9.4 2.8 5.8 5.6 4.2 3.6 6.2 6.0 Hispanic ...................................... 14 2.6 1.8 1.6 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.3 4.1 1.9 2.8 2.5 Asian/ Pacific Islander ................. 28 5.2 2.9 4.8 1.6 16.8 2.7 6.0 3.2 8.3 3.3 2.9 American Indian/ Alaskan Native ..................... 3 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 Age Under 30 ..................................... 8 1.4 0.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.5 0.8 2.4 30 to 34 ...................................... 35 6.7 7.3 6.3 3.5 11.0 6.2 8.4 4.7 6.7 7.3 6.8 35 to 39 ...................................... 67 12.6 9.1 13.5 7.7 13.1 13.1 16.2 9.6 13.9 13.0 12.3 40 to 44 ...................................... 90 17.1 15.7 16.6 17.6 16.9 17.7 21.8 13.4 15.8 16.4 17.9 45 to 49 ...................................... 98 18.5 17.7 20.9 19.7 14.8 18.5 19.2 19.9 17.2 17.9 17.7 50 to 54 ...................................... 95 18.0 18.4 16.2 21.1 12.2 17.2 13.3 21.4 19.3 19.2 18.4 55 to 59 ...................................... 67 12.7 14.4 11.7 14.1 15.0 14.1 9.6 14.7 13.5 12.2 12.4 60 to 64 ...................................... 45 8.4 11.4 7.9 10.5 10.6 7.9 7.6 9.9 7.4 9.2 7.3 65 or older .................................. 24 4.5 5.7 5.7 4.7 5.0 4.1 2.8 4.8 4.7 4.1 5.0 Degree Less than bachelor's .................. 6 1.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 2.0 0.7 1.2 ( 1) 0.2 0.1 6.2 Bachelor's ................................... 21 4.0 5.7 4.5 2.9 5.2 5.4 5.8 1.3 2.8 0.7 8.2 Master's ...................................... 156 29.7 22.0 38.4 30.8 18.7 56.2 30.1 31.7 22.2 19.3 33.6 Professional ................................ 58 11.1 4.4 4.5 2.9 2.3 4.3 42.9 2.4 4.5 3.5 17.1 Doctoral ...................................... 284 54.0 67.8 52.0 63.2 71.8 33.4 20.0 64.6 70.3 76.4 35.0 Rank Full professor .............................. 161 30.4 41.4 24.7 24.3 36.8 32.0 21.2 33.1 37.0 36.8 26.9 Associate professor .................... 124 23.4 22.6 25.5 29.5 28.0 25.4 23.0 22.4 22.5 24.8 19.3 Assistant professor ..................... 124 23.5 19.3 25.6 22.9 22.5 21.4 32.9 19.3 20.7 24.3 23.0 Instructor ..................................... 74 14.0 10.8 16.7 13.2 10.4 10.3 16.9 14.9 11.7 7.9 21.7 Lecturer ...................................... 12 2.2 1.0 1.3 2.5 0.9 2.8 2.3 3.9 1.7 1.7 2.7 Other ........................................... 17 3.2 3.2 2.2 5.5 0.5 3.3 2.5 1.9 2.4 2.0 3.6 No rank ....................................... 17 3.2 1.7 4.0 1.9 1.0 4.8 1.4 4.7 3.9 2.5 3.0 263 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 232.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by faculty characteristics and field: Fall 1992   Continued Faculty characteristics Number in thousands All fields Agriculture and home economics Business Education Engineering Fine arts Health Humanities Natural sciences Social sciences Other and not reported 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Part time instructional faculty and staff Part time, in thousands ............ 377   3 35 31 12 33 45 60 60 34 60 Percent ........................................   100.0 0.7 9.3 8.3 3.1 8.8 12.0 16.2 16.2 9.1 16.2 Percentage distribution of part time faculty Total ............................................ 377 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sex Male ............................................ 209 55.4 48.0 70.0 32.7 92.0 51.7 43.5 41.0 67.8 56.9 63.9 Female ........................................ 168 44.6 52.0 30.0 67.3 8.0 48.3 56.5 59.0 32.2 43.2 36.1 Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ................... 333 88.3 98.9 89.6 87.7 86.5 89.3 88.2 87.4 87.5 87.2 90.2 Black, non Hispanic .................... 18 4.8 0.0 5.1 8.0 1.9 5.1 5.7 3.3 4.1 6.6 4.6 Hispanic ...................................... 11 3.0 1.1 2.7 2.0 2.0 2.6 1.6 5.8 2.5 2.7 2.9 Asian/ Pacific Islander ................. 12 3.2 ( 1) 2.1 1.5 7.6 2.3 4.0 2.8 5.2 3.1 2.3 American Indian/ Alaskan Native ..................... 2 0.6 ( 1) 0.6 0.9 1.9 0.6 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.1 Age Under 30 ..................................... 20 5.4 8.4 2.2 2.4 7.9 4.3 4.6 6.6 6.8 7.6 5.4 30 to 34 ...................................... 36 9.5 5.9 7.3 3.6 8.9 11.1 11.1 10.6 11.2 8.3 9.7 35 to 39 ...................................... 59 15.6 18.9 13.3 7.3 21.9 18.6 22.8 11.5 13.1 16.2 19.8 40 to 44 ...................................... 70 18.6 22.1 17.1 26.7 16.0 21.0 20.4 15.6 15.2 16.7 21.1 45 to 49 ...................................... 68 18.0 16.2 23.1 18.8 12.8 14.3 14.1 20.6 16.8 16.6 19.8 50 to 54 ...................................... 45 12.0 6.9 15.4 13.3 9.2 10.2 11.1 13.5 13.0 12.8 9.4 55 to 59 ...................................... 29 7.6 7.5 7.7 8.6 6.3 8.7 4.9 8.9 8.4 8.8 6.5 60 to 64 ...................................... 23 6.1 10.0 6.0 8.6 7.2 5.7 2.9 6.1 8.7 6.7 4.1 65 or older .................................. 27 7.1 4.2 7.8 10.7 9.9 6.2 8.1 6.7 6.7 6.4 4.3 Degree Less than bachelor's .................. 17 4.7 1.8 2.2 0.7 13.4 3.6 9.6 0.3 1.9 0.1 13.0 Bachelor's ................................... 63 17.0 30.2 21.3 14.0 27.5 21.8 17.5 7.3 22.2 6.0 21.4 Master's ...................................... 190 51.6 52.8 59.6 61.3 32.5 66.3 26.4 71.9 53.0 53.3 34.1 Professional ................................ 40 10.7 8.6 8.1 0.7 ( 1) 1.6 38.2 2.0 4.7 6.2 21.5 Doctoral ...................................... 59 16.0 6.6 8.8 23.4 26.6 6.7 8.4 18.5 18.2 34.3 9.9 Rank Full professor .............................. 32 8.6 8.8 8.5 7.4 15.7 9.8 6.7 6.9 6.7 8.5 12.0 Associate professor .................... 23 6.0 11.6 4.6 5.2 5.4 4.2 17.4 3.2 4.3 6.3 4.2 Assistant professor ..................... 24 6.4 ( 1) 6.4 4.9 7.4 6.9 16.9 3.5 4.3 8.8 3.4 Instructor ..................................... 215 57.2 55.1 60.2 57.4 50.4 56.3 45.6 60.0 62.5 51.9 61.8 Lecturer ...................................... 45 12.0 19.9 11.3 10.8 13.0 12.3 6.5 17.5 10.6 16.4 10.0 Other ........................................... 28 7.3 4.5 6.3 10.8 7.2 6.8 6.0 5.8 8.2 6.7 7.1 No rank ....................................... 9 2.5 ( 1) 2.8 3.6 0.8 3.9 0.9 3.0 3.5 1.4 1.5 1 Less than 0.05 percent.   Not applicable.

NOTE.   Because of rounding and survey item nonresponse, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 264 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 233.   Average base salaries of full time instructional faculty and staff in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and by field of instruction: 1987   88 and 1992   93 Field of instruction All institutions Total public Total private Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1987   88 salaries in 1992   93 dollars Instructional faculty, in thousands .................. 515 356 159 102 42 56 25 97 37 38 96 22 All fields .............................................................. $ 48,381 $ 48,826 $ 47,386 $ 58,118 $ 63,669 $ 54,028 $ 57,215 $ 45,342 $ 39,564 $ 35,462 $ 39,847 $ 37,698 Agriculture and home economics ............................ 48,452 48,713   54,431   43,501   46,934         Business .................................................................. 45,243 45,785 44,078 58,218   49,161   43,413 45,319   40,707 35,292 Education ................................................................. 40,498 42,517 33,529 45,861   43,315   41,766 33,499 29,400 41,133   Engineering .............................................................. 52,213 51,412 55,095 61,363   53,133   50,316 51,481   36,794   Fine arts ................................................................... 37,840 39,547 34,368 40,297   38,155   39,367 33,170 34,484 40,216   Health ...................................................................... 64,860 64,447 65,689 73,454 77,144 71,065 67,278 57,124 47,683   37,017   Humanities ............................................................... 42,420 44,092 39,867 46,326 48,988 39,327 46,313 44,601 37,089 38,127 43,461 34,783 Natural sciences ...................................................... 47,811 48,399 46,495 57,947 61,731 49,917 46,912 46,684 38,763 37,760 39,692 37,499 Social sciences ........................................................ 46,234 46,506 45,730 52,842 61,043 47,938   44,933 38,613 35,728 41,052   Other ........................................................................ 44,712 44,239 45,834 52,646   45,427   41,853 35,733   37,762 44,331 1992   93 Instructional faculty, in thousands .................. 478 339 140 89 25 46 23 91 37 37 105 25 All fields .............................................................. $ 46,833 $ 46,767 $ 46,993 $ 56,443 $ 63,967 $ 51,497 $ 56,011 $ 43,487 $ 43,255 $ 37,623 $ 39,351 $ 40,458 Agriculture and home economics ........................... 47,809 48,488   54,735   44,480   43,377     39,788   Business .................................................................. 49,223 49,955 47,318 65,209   58,808 54,369 47,739 53,786 32,322 42,017 33,587 Education ................................................................. 42,046 43,259 37,618 49,822   42,202 49,254 41,456 37,961 32,419 41,224   Engineering .............................................................. 55,569 55,923 54,190 66,781 61,084 53,577 55,040 48,703 45,855   38,648 56,036 Fine arts ................................................................... 40,574 39,285 42,526 41,337 86,221 39,379 37,874 39,144 35,812 37,764 37,524 34,100 Health ...................................................................... 55,624 54,097 59,720 73,467 73,080 63,839 66,120 38,311 45,678 42,363 35,790 41,900 Humanities ............................................................... 40,972 41,601 39,634 44,018 44,695 39,661 42,928 40,735 41,043 37,667 41,183 36,547 Natural sciences ...................................................... 48,192 47,500 49,933 55,432 67,170 51,691 56,665 45,922 46,666 37,534 39,651 42,143 Social sciences ........................................................ 45,960 46,103 45,667 53,139 59,296 48,709 49,505 43,686 39,838 40,492 40,312 44,389 Other ........................................................................ 44,594 43,431 47,030 51,007 65,685 43,777 61,854 45,357 41,722 36,436 37,668 39,199   Too few sample cases ( fewer than 30) for a reliable estimate.

NOTE.   Data for 1992   93 differ from other tables because of adjustments to maintain consistency with the 1987   88 data. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1987   88 and 1992   93. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 265 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 234.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, sex, and by type and control of institution: 1980   81, 1990   91, 1995   96, and 1996   97 Academic year, control, and type of institution All faculty Academic rank Sex Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No academic rank Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1980   81 All institutions ...................................... $ 23,302 $ 30,753 $ 23,214 $ 18,901 $ 15,178 $ 17,301 $ 22,334 $ 24,499 $ 19,996 4 year ............................................. 23,693 31,016 23,265 18,867 15,056 17,375 17,380 24,909 19,809 University .................................... 25,949 33,622 24,392 19,684 15,530 17,327 17,856 27,206 20,736 Other 4 year ................................ 22,230 28,798 22,558 18,398 14,887 17,425 17,334 23,271 19,372 2 year ............................................. 21,898 26,528 22,750 19,166 15,621 16,222 22,615 22,736 20,434 Public institutions ................................ 23,745 31,077 23,772 19,431 15,613 17,620 22,820 24,873 20,673 4 year ............................................. 24,373 31,442 23,898 19,442 15,486 17,712 19,240 25,509 20,608 University .................................... 25,571 32,945 24,268 19,637 15,305 17,426 17,358 26,788 20,564 Other 4 year ................................ 23,500 30,097 23,639 19,315 15,567 17,997 19,798 24,499 20,633 2 year ............................................. 22,177 26,880 22,947 19,370 15,928 16,458 22,875 22,965 20,778 Private institutions ............................... 22,093 29,994 21,833 17,767 14,192 15,899 15,946 23,493 18,073 4 year ............................................. 22,325 30,089 21,887 17,816 14,316 15,971 16,706 23,669 18,326 University .................................... 26,897 35,227 24,730 19,792 16,197 16,956 18,933 28,251 21,176 Other 4 year ................................ 19,996 26,173 20,502 16,939 13,905 14,741 16,617 21,040 17,342 2 year ............................................. 15,065 18,645 17,685 14,663 12,155 12,441 14,993 16,075 13,892 1990   91 All institutions ...................................... 42,165 55,540 41,414 34,434 26,332 30,097 36,395 45,065 35,881 4 year ............................................. 43,693 56,485 41,811 34,657 25,772 30,209 31,494 46,519 36,574 University .................................... 49,430 63,437 44,877 37,838 27,105 31,748 31,533 52,426 39,788 Other 4 year ................................ 40,313 51,467 39,994 33,020 25,370 29,009 31,488 42,660 35,135 2 year ............................................. 36,642 44,916 37,650 32,253 27,933 28,048 36,752 38,465 34,224 Public institutions ................................ 42,317 55,371 42,101 35,137 26,907 29,881 36,990 45,084 36,459 4 year ............................................. 44,510 56,668 42,742 35,520 26,134 29,956 32,349 47,168 37,573 University .................................... 47,499 60,536 43,851 36,889 25,647 30,429 30,412 50,405 38,363 Other 4 year ................................ 42,499 53,704 41,969 34,680 26,316 29,664 33,507 44,804 37,147 2 year ............................................. 37,055 45,411 38,051 32,673 28,389 28,780 37,096 38,787 34,720 Private institutions ............................... 41,788 55,911 39,983 33,116 24,928 30,864 28,523 45,019 34,359 4 year ............................................. 42,224 56,127 40,122 33,235 25,159 31,053 31,122 45,319 34,898 University .................................... 53,875 69,732 47,405 40,013 31,239 34,444 36,211 56,989 43,273 Other 4 year ................................ 36,888 47,405 36,965 30,688 23,973 25,416 30,915 39,162 32,251 2 year ............................................. 24,088 29,520 26,353 24,587 20,911   23,187 25,937 22,585 1995   96 All institutions ...................................... 49,309 64,540 47,966 39,696 30,344 34,136 42,996 52,814 42,871 4 year ............................................. 51,044 65,866 48,432 39,991 29,941 34,082 35,657 54,520 43,702 University .................................... 58,173 74,650 51,993 43,838 30,689 35,272 36,818 61,972 48,011 Other 4 year ................................ 46,946 59,599 46,356 38,179 29,718 33,140 35,470 49,726 41,773 2 year ............................................. 43,009 51,454 43,107 36,927 31,421 35,165 43,537 44,944 40,791 Public institutions ................................ 48,837 63,189 48,122 40,092 30,581 33,634 43,590 52,163 42,871 4 year ............................................. 51,172 64,946 48,815 40,562 29,907 33,525 36,829 54,448 43,986 University .................................... 55,068 69,924 50,186 42,335 29,186 34,139 35,532 58,648 45,676 Other 4 year ................................ 48,566 61,076 47,850 39,544 30,178 33,134 37,266 51,375 43,063 2 year ............................................. 43,295 51,679 43,389 37,241 31,805 35,244 43,754 45,209 41,086 Private institutions ............................... 50,466 67,457 47,654 38,964 29,701 35,792 34,599 54,364 42,871 4 year ............................................. 50,819 67,598 47,760 39,071 30,002 35,810 35,098 54,649 43,236 University .................................... 65,405 84,970 56,517 47,387 35,782 37,516 38,649 69,579 53,717 Other 4 year ................................ 44,504 57,089 44,186 36,325 28,993 33,170 34,771 47,126 39,982 2 year ............................................. 31,915 37,929 33,283 29,887 23,895   33,410 33,301 30,671 1996   97 1 All institutions ...................................... 50,829 66,659 49,307 40,687 31,193 34,962 44,200 54,465 44,325 4 year ............................................. 52,618 68,152 49,809 40,987 30,748 34,948 36,701 56,266 45,145 University .................................... 60,199 77,464 53,552 45,038 31,304 36,389 38,265 64,242 49,703 Other 4 year ................................ 48,276 61,478 47,622 39,126 30,582 33,791 36,508 51,140 43,110 2 year ............................................. 44,314 52,719 44,092 37,898 32,462 35,215 44,796 46,153 42,236 Public institutions ................................ 50,303 65,141 49,470 41,108 31,452 34,294 44,803 53,737 44,306 4 year ............................................. 52,718 67,121 50,220 41,590 30,740 34,229 37,060 56,162 45,402 University .................................... 57,047 72,599 51,835 43,536 30,000 35,243 35,099 60,845 47,389 Other 4 year ................................ 49,836 62,846 49,082 40,500 31,025 33,607 37,506 52,744 44,321 2 year ............................................. 44,584 52,927 44,371 38,232 32,822 35,215 44,998 46,393 42,531 Private institutions ............................... 52,112 69,931 48,984 39,907 30,502 37,091 35,915 56,185 44,374 4 year ............................................. 52,443 70,071 49,090 40,021 30,763 37,091 36,538 56,453 44,726 University .................................... 67,457 87,949 57,812 48,591 35,960 38,423 41,779 71,917 55,306 Other 4 year ................................ 45,938 59,174 45,515 37,259 29,899 34,735 36,109 48,626 41,432 2 year ............................................. 32,628 38,687 33,998 30,281 24,189   34,079 34,736 30,661   Data not available. 1 Data are for degree granting institutions. Survey coverage is slightly wider than data for higher education institutions tabulated for earlier years.

NOTE.   Data for 1990   91 through 1996   97 include imputations for nonrespondent institutions SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits, 1980   81; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty'' surveys ( This table was prepared February 1998.) 266 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 235.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: 1970   71 to 1996   97 Academic year and sex All faculty Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Current dollars Total 1970   71 .............................. $ 12,710 $ 17,958 $ 13,563 $ 11,176 $ 9,360 $ 11,196 $ 12,333 $ 12,953 $ 13,121 $ 12,644 $ 11,619 $ 11,824 $ 8,664 1972   73 .............................. 13,856 19,191 14,580 12,032 10,737 11,637 12,676 14,016 14,417 12,919 13,452 13,622 9,288 1974   75 .............................. 15,622 21,277 16,146 13,295 12,691 12,575 13,532 15,879 16,271 14,897 14,912 15,092 10,242 1975   76 .............................. 16,659 22,649 17,065 13,986 13,672 12,906 15,196 16,942 17,400 15,820 15,921 16,116 10,901 1976   77 .............................. 17,560 23,792 17,905 14,662 11,835 13,431 16,634 17,845 18,313 16,685 16,787 16,977 11,637 1977   78 .............................. 18,709 25,133 18,987 15,530 12,504 14,528 17,831 19,045 19,517 17,895 17,773 17,966 12,191 1978   79 .............................. 19,820 26,470 20,047 16,374 13,193 15,281 18,725 20,179 20,722 18,844 18,807 19,010 12,496 1979   80 .............................. 21,348 28,388 21,451 17,465 14,023 16,122 20,262 21,798 22,349 20,429 20,105 20,318 13,250 1980   81 .............................. 23,302 30,753 23,214 18,901 15,178 17,301 22,334 23,745 24,373 22,177 22,093 22,325 15,065 1981   82 .............................. 25,449 33,437 25,278 20,608 16,450 18,756 24,331 25,886 26,591 24,193 24,255 24,509 15,926 1982   83 .............................. 27,196 35,540 26,921 22,056 17,601 20,072 25,557 27,488 28,293 25,567 26,393 26,691 16,595 1984   85 .............................. 30,447 39,743 29,945 24,668 20,230 22,334 27,683 30,646 31,764 27,864 29,910 30,247 18,510 1985   86 .............................. 32,392 42,268 31,787 26,277 20,918 23,770 29,088 32,750 34,033 29,590 31,402 31,732 19,436 1987   88 .............................. 35,897 47,040 35,231 29,110 22,728 25,977 31,532 36,231 37,840 32,209 35,049 35,346 21,867 1989   90 .............................. 40,133 52,810 39,392 32,689 25,030 28,990 34,559 40,416 42,365 35,516 39,464 39,817 24,601 1990   91 .............................. 42,165 55,540 41,414 34,434 26,332 30,097 36,395 42,317 44,510 37,055 41,788 42,224 24,088 1991   92 .............................. 43,851 57,433 42,929 35,745 30,916 30,456 37,783 43,641 45,638 38,959 44,376 44,793 25,673 1992   93 .............................. 44,714 58,788 43,945 36,625 28,499 30,543 37,771 44,197 46,515 38,935 45,985 46,427 26,105 1993   94 .............................. 46,364 60,649 45,278 37,630 28,828 32,729 40,584 45,920 48,019 41,040 47,465 47,880 28,435 1994   95 .............................. 47,811 62,709 46,713 38,756 29,665 33,198 41,227 47,432 49,738 42,101 48,741 49,379 25,613 1995   96 .............................. 49,309 64,540 47,966 39,696 30,344 34,136 42,996 48,837 51,172 43,295 50,466 50,819 31,915 1996   97 2 ........................... 50,829 66,659 49,307 40,687 31,193 34,962 44,200 50,303 52,718 44,584 52,112 52,443 32,628 Men 1972   73 .............................. 14,422 19,414 14,723 12,193 11,147 12,106 13,047 14,545 14,944 13,268 14,116 14,253 9,571 1974   75 .............................. 16,303 21,532 16,282 13,458 13,350 13,232 14,008 16,522 16,918 15,350 15,709 15,852 10,633 1975   76 .............................. 17,414 22,902 17,209 14,174 14,430 13,579 15,761 17,661 18,121 16,339 16,784 16,946 11,378 1976   77 .............................. 18,378 24,029 18,055 14,851 12,085 14,147 17,253 18,620 19,091 17,235 17,736 17,891 12,193 1977   78 .............................. 19,575 25,370 19,133 15,726 12,729 15,181 18,459 19,867 20,347 18,479 18,783 18,935 12,759 1978   79 .............................. 20,777 26,727 20,221 16,602 13,441 15,927 19,400 21,080 21,628 19,475 19,935 20,086 13,048 1979   80 .............................. 22,394 28,672 21,651 17,720 14,323 16,932 20,901 22,789 23,350 21,131 21,317 21,472 13,938 1980   81 .............................. 24,499 31,082 23,451 19,227 15,545 18,281 23,170 24,873 25,509 22,965 23,493 23,669 16,075 1981   82 .............................. 26,796 33,799 25,553 21,025 16,906 19,721 25,276 27,149 27,864 25,085 25,849 26,037 16,834 1982   83 .............................. 28,664 35,956 27,262 22,586 18,160 21,225 26,541 28,851 29,661 26,524 28,159 28,380 17,346 1984   85 .............................. 32,182 40,269 30,392 25,330 21,159 23,557 28,670 32,240 33,344 28,891 32,028 32,278 19,460 1985   86 .............................. 34,294 42,833 32,273 27,094 21,693 25,238 30,267 34,528 35,786 30,758 33,656 33,900 20,412 1987   88 .............................. 38,112 47,735 35,823 30,086 23,645 27,652 32,747 38,314 39,898 33,477 37,603 37,817 22,641 1989   90 .............................. 42,763 53,650 40,131 33,781 25,933 31,162 35,980 42,959 44,834 37,081 42,312 42,595 25,218 1990   91 .............................. 45,065 56,549 42,239 35,636 27,388 32,398 38,036 45,084 47,168 38,787 45,019 45,319 25,937 1991   92 .............................. 46,848 58,494 43,814 36,969 33,359 32,843 39,422 46,483 48,401 40,811 47,733 48,042 26,825 1992   93 .............................. 47,866 59,972 44,855 37,842 29,583 32,512 39,365 47,175 49,392 40,725 49,518 49,837 27,402 1993   94 .............................. 49,579 61,857 46,229 38,794 29,815 34,796 42,251 48,956 50,989 42,938 51,076 51,397 30,783 1994   95 .............................. 51,228 64,046 47,705 39,923 30,528 35,082 43,103 50,629 52,874 44,020 52,653 53,036 29,639 1995   96 .............................. 52,814 65,949 49,037 40,858 30,940 36,135 44,624 52,163 54,448 45,209 54,364 54,649 33,301 1996   97 2 ........................... 54,465 68,214 50,457 41,864 31,738 36,932 45,688 53,737 56,162 46,393 56,185 56,453 34,736 Women 1972   73 .............................. 11,925 17,123 13,827 11,510 10,098 10,775 11,913 12,250 12,300 12,165 11,044 11,219 8,888 1974   75 .............................. 13,471 19,012 15,481 12,858 11,740 11,543 12,619 13,892 13,831 13,987 12,233 12,423 9,735 1975   76 .............................. 14,308 20,308 16,364 13,522 12,572 11,901 14,094 14,762 14,758 14,769 13,030 13,231 10,201 1976   77 .............................. 15,100 21,536 17,189 14,225 11,589 12,397 15,467 15,573 15,539 15,628 13,709 13,899 10,850 1977   78 .............................. 16,159 22,943 18,325 15,109 12,288 13,688 16,637 16,684 16,619 16,785 14,597 14,799 11,470 1978   79 .............................. 17,080 24,143 19,300 15,914 12,966 14,465 17,482 17,646 17,627 17,676 15,388 15,611 11,898 1979   80 .............................. 18,396 25,910 20,642 16,974 13,750 15,142 19,069 19,042 18,985 19,134 16,539 16,787 12,541 1980   81 .............................. 19,996 27,959 22,295 18,302 14,854 16,168 20,843 20,673 20,608 20,778 18,073 18,326 13,892 1981   82 .............................. 21,802 30,438 24,271 19,866 16,054 17,676 22,672 22,524 22,454 22,632 19,743 20,024 14,984 1982   83 .............................. 23,261 32,221 25,738 21,130 17,102 18,830 23,855 23,892 23,876 23,917 21,451 21,785 15,845 1984   85 .............................. 25,941 35,824 28,517 23,575 19,362 21,004 26,050 26,566 26,813 26,172 24,186 24,560 17,575 1985   86 .............................. 27,576 38,252 30,300 24,966 20,237 22,273 27,171 28,299 28,680 27,693 25,523 25,889 18,504 1987   88 .............................. 30,499 42,371 33,528 27,600 21,962 24,370 29,605 31,215 31,820 30,228 28,621 28,946 21,215 1989   90 .............................. 34,183 47,663 37,469 31,090 24,320 26,995 32,528 34,796 35,704 33,307 32,650 33,010 24,002 1990   91 .............................. 35,881 49,728 39,329 32,724 25,534 28,111 34,179 36,459 37,573 34,720 34,359 34,898 22,585 1991   92 .............................. 37,534 51,621 40,766 34,063 28,873 28,550 35,622 37,800 38,634 36,517 36,828 37,309 24,683 1992   93 .............................. 38,385 52,755 41,861 35,032 27,700 28,922 35,792 38,356 39,470 36,710 38,460 38,987 25,068 1993   94 .............................. 40,058 54,746 43,178 36,169 28,136 31,048 38,474 40,118 41,031 38,707 39,902 40,378 26,142 1994   95 .............................. 41,369 56,555 44,626 37,352 29,072 31,677 38,967 41,548 42,663 39,812 40,908 41,815 22,851 1995   96 .............................. 42,871 58,318 45,803 38,345 29,940 32,584 41,085 42,871 43,986 41,086 42,871 43,236 30,671 1996   97 2 ........................... 44,325 60,160 47,101 39,350 30,819 33,415 42,474 44,306 45,402 42,531 44,374 44,726 30,661 267 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 235.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: 1970   71 to 1996   97   Continued Academic year and sex All faculty Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Constant 1996   97 dollars 1 Total 1970   71 .............................. 50,841 71,834 54,256 44,706 37,441 44,786 49,335 51,816 52,489 50,579 46,476 47,299 34,658 1972   73 .............................. 51,435 71,238 54,123 44,663 39,856 43,196 47,054 52,028 53,516 47,955 49,935 50,565 34,479 1974   75 .............................. 47,931 65,282 49,540 40,790 38,937 38,584 41,519 48,719 49,924 45,708 45,751 46,305 31,424 1975   76 .............................. 47,733 64,898 48,898 40,076 39,177 36,980 43,542 48,545 49,858 45,329 45,619 46,180 31,235 1976   77 .............................. 47,545 64,417 48,477 39,698 32,043 36,365 45,036 48,314 49,583 45,174 45,450 45,964 31,507 1977   78 .............................. 47,466 63,767 48,173 39,402 31,723 36,859 45,240 48,320 49,518 45,401 45,093 45,581 30,929 1978   79 .............................. 45,980 61,407 46,507 37,986 30,605 35,449 43,438 46,812 48,072 43,714 43,629 44,099 28,989 1979   80 .............................. 43,698 58,108 43,908 35,750 28,703 32,999 41,474 44,619 45,746 41,817 41,152 41,588 27,122 1980   81 .............................. 42,746 56,414 42,585 34,673 27,843 31,738 40,970 43,559 44,711 40,682 40,528 40,954 27,636 1981   82 .............................. 42,972 56,461 42,684 34,798 27,777 31,671 41,085 43,710 44,901 40,852 40,957 41,386 26,892 1982   83 .............................. 44,031 57,540 43,586 35,709 28,497 32,497 41,378 44,504 45,807 41,394 42,731 43,214 26,868 1984   85 .............................. 45,745 59,711 44,990 37,062 30,394 33,555 41,592 46,044 47,723 41,864 44,938 45,444 27,810 1985   86 .............................. 47,303 61,725 46,419 38,373 30,547 34,712 42,478 47,826 49,699 43,211 45,857 46,339 28,383 1987   88 .............................. 49,242 64,528 48,329 39,932 31,177 35,634 43,255 49,700 51,908 44,183 48,079 48,486 29,996 1989   90 .............................. 50,226 66,091 49,299 40,910 31,325 36,281 43,250 50,580 53,019 44,448 49,388 49,831 30,788 1990   91 .............................. 50,034 65,905 49,142 40,860 31,246 35,714 43,187 50,214 52,816 43,970 49,586 50,104 28,583 1991   92 .............................. 50,419 66,035 49,358 41,099 35,546 35,017 43,442 50,177 52,473 44,794 51,022 51,502 29,518 1992   93 .............................. 49,854 65,545 48,996 40,835 31,775 34,054 42,112 49,277 51,862 43,410 51,271 51,764 29,106 1993   94 .............................. 50,389 65,913 49,207 40,896 31,330 35,569 44,107 49,906 52,187 44,602 51,585 52,036 30,903 1994   95 .............................. 50,513 66,252 49,353 40,946 31,341 35,074 43,557 50,112 52,549 44,480 51,495 52,169 27,060 1995   96 .............................. 50,716 66,382 49,334 40,829 31,210 35,110 44,222 50,231 52,632 44,530 51,906 52,269 32,826 1996   97 2 ........................... 50,829 66,659 49,307 40,687 31,193 34,962 44,200 50,303 52,718 44,584 52,112 52,443 32,628 Men 1972   73 .............................. 53,536 72,068 54,654 45,262 41,380 44,937 48,432 53,994 55,473 49,253 52,400 52,909 35,528 1974   75 .............................. 50,019 66,064 49,955 41,293 40,960 40,598 42,979 50,693 51,908 47,097 48,199 48,636 32,624 1975   76 .............................. 49,897 65,622 49,309 40,615 41,347 38,909 45,161 50,606 51,922 46,819 48,093 48,556 32,601 1976   77 .............................. 49,758 65,057 48,885 40,210 32,721 38,302 46,713 50,413 51,689 46,664 48,019 48,440 33,013 1977   78 .............................. 49,665 64,367 48,543 39,899 32,296 38,515 46,832 50,405 51,622 46,884 47,655 48,040 32,370 1978   79 .............................. 48,198 62,003 46,908 38,513 31,180 36,949 45,004 48,903 50,174 45,179 46,245 46,596 30,269 1979   80 .............................. 45,838 58,689 44,317 36,271 29,318 34,658 42,782 46,647 47,796 43,253 43,635 43,951 28,531 1980   81 .............................. 44,942 57,018 43,019 35,271 28,516 33,535 42,504 45,628 46,795 42,128 43,096 43,419 29,489 1981   82 .............................. 45,247 57,072 43,148 35,502 28,547 33,300 42,680 45,842 47,050 42,358 43,648 43,965 28,425 1982   83 .............................. 46,408 58,214 44,138 36,567 29,402 34,364 42,971 46,711 48,022 42,943 45,590 45,948 28,084 1984   85 .............................. 48,351 60,502 45,662 38,057 31,790 35,393 43,075 48,438 50,097 43,407 48,120 48,496 29,237 1985   86 .............................. 50,080 62,550 47,129 39,566 31,679 36,856 44,200 50,422 52,259 44,917 49,149 49,505 29,808 1987   88 .............................. 52,280 65,481 49,141 41,271 32,435 37,932 44,921 52,558 54,731 45,923 51,582 51,876 31,058 1989   90 .............................. 53,518 67,142 50,223 42,276 32,454 38,999 45,028 53,762 56,110 46,407 52,954 53,307 31,561 1990   91 .............................. 53,475 67,102 50,121 42,286 32,500 38,444 45,134 53,498 55,970 46,025 53,421 53,777 30,777 1991   92 .............................. 53,865 67,254 50,376 42,505 38,355 37,762 45,326 53,445 55,650 46,924 54,882 55,237 30,842 1992   93 .............................. 53,368 66,866 50,012 42,192 32,984 36,249 43,890 52,597 55,070 45,406 55,210 55,566 30,551 1993   94 .............................. 53,882 67,226 50,241 42,161 32,403 37,816 45,918 53,205 55,415 46,665 55,509 55,858 33,455 1994   95 .............................. 54,123 67,666 50,401 42,179 32,253 37,065 45,539 53,490 55,862 46,508 55,629 56,034 31,314 1995   96 .............................. 54,321 67,831 50,437 42,024 31,823 37,166 45,898 53,651 56,002 46,499 55,915 56,209 34,251 1996   97 2 ........................... 54,465 68,214 50,457 41,864 31,738 36,932 45,688 53,737 56,162 46,393 56,185 56,453 34,736 Women 1972   73 .............................. 44,266 63,561 51,326 42,726 37,486 39,997 44,224 45,475 45,660 45,156 40,997 41,645 32,992 1974   75 .............................. 41,331 58,332 47,500 39,450 36,021 35,416 38,716 42,622 42,436 42,915 37,534 38,116 29,869 1975   76 .............................. 40,997 58,190 46,889 38,745 36,023 34,099 40,384 42,300 42,289 42,318 37,337 37,911 29,228 1976   77 .............................. 40,882 58,308 46,540 38,515 31,377 33,564 41,876 42,164 42,070 42,311 37,117 37,632 29,375 1977   78 .............................. 40,997 58,209 46,493 38,334 31,176 34,729 42,211 42,329 42,165 42,586 37,034 37,548 29,102 1978   79 .............................. 39,623 56,007 44,773 36,917 30,079 33,555 40,556 40,935 40,892 41,004 35,698 36,216 27,600 1979   80 .............................. 37,655 53,037 42,252 34,744 28,146 30,995 39,034 38,977 38,860 39,167 33,853 34,362 25,669 1980   81 .............................. 36,681 51,289 40,899 33,574 27,249 29,659 38,235 37,923 37,804 38,116 33,154 33,618 25,484 1981   82 .............................. 36,814 51,397 40,983 33,545 27,108 29,847 38,283 38,033 37,915 38,216 33,337 33,811 25,302 1982   83 .............................. 37,660 52,167 41,671 34,210 27,689 30,486 38,622 38,682 38,656 38,722 34,730 35,271 25,654 1984   85 .............................. 38,975 53,823 42,845 35,420 29,090 31,557 39,138 39,914 40,285 39,322 36,338 36,900 26,405 1985   86 .............................. 40,270 55,860 44,248 36,458 29,553 32,526 39,678 41,326 41,882 40,441 37,272 37,806 27,022 1987   88 .............................. 41,838 58,123 45,993 37,861 30,126 33,430 40,611 42,820 43,650 41,466 39,261 39,707 29,102 1989   90 .............................. 42,780 59,649 46,892 38,908 30,436 33,784 40,709 43,547 44,684 41,683 40,861 41,312 30,038 1990   91 .............................. 42,576 59,009 46,669 38,831 30,299 33,357 40,557 43,263 44,585 41,199 40,771 41,410 26,800 1991   92 .............................. 43,155 59,352 46,871 39,165 33,198 32,826 40,958 43,462 44,420 41,986 42,344 42,897 28,380 1992   93 .............................. 42,797 58,820 46,672 39,059 30,885 32,247 39,906 42,764 44,007 40,930 42,881 43,468 27,949 1993   94 .............................. 43,535 59,498 46,925 39,308 30,578 33,743 41,813 43,600 44,592 42,066 43,366 43,882 28,411 1994   95 .............................. 43,707 59,751 47,148 39,463 30,715 33,467 41,169 43,896 45,074 42,062 43,220 44,178 24,143 1995   96 .............................. 44,094 59,981 47,110 39,439 30,794 33,514 42,257 44,094 45,241 42,259 44,094 44,470 31,547 1996   97 2 ........................... 44,325 60,160 47,101 39,350 30,819 33,415 42,474 44,306 45,402 42,531 44,374 44,726 30,661 1 Data adjusted by the Consumer Price Index prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics averaged on an academic year time frame. 2 Data are for degree granting institutions.

NOTE.   Data for 1987   88 and later years include imputations for nonrespondent institutions SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 268 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 236.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9   month contracts in degree granting institutions, 1 by type and control of institution and by state: 1996   97 State or other area All institutions Public institutions Private institutions Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total University Other 4 year Total University Other 4 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States ................................ $ 50,829 $ 50,303 $ 52,718 $ 57,047 $ 49,836 $ 44,584 $ 52,112 $ 52,443 $ 67,457 $ 45,938 $ 32,628 Alabama ............................................ 42,006 42,843 44,785 48,913 42,219 37,708 37,530 37,701   37,701 25,023 Alaska ................................................ 50,091 50,725 50,657 50,914 50,494 59,281 38,307 38,307   38,307   Arizona .............................................. 52,605 52,681 54,206 57,275 45,889 49,601 50,636 50,636   50,636   Arkansas ............................................ 39,488 39,915 42,800 48,836 40,820 31,780 37,269 38,059   38,059 16,681 California ........................................... 59,870 59,543 63,276 75,604 60,987 54,529 61,172 61,394 75,175 54,043 36,992 Colorado ............................................ 50,095 49,784 52,336 58,381 47,221 37,225 52,270 52,270 55,228 48,623   Connecticut ........................................ 61,592 61,598 64,695 70,883 58,855 52,640 61,584 62,293 79,548 55,058 35,069 Delaware ........................................... 56,948 57,203 59,872 62,295 46,688 43,846 54,483 54,483   54,483   District of Columbia ........................... 59,385           59,385 59,385 60,978 45,531   Florida ................................................ 47,598 47,576 52,100 57,386 49,010 41,436 47,685 47,718 59,180 43,449 26,720 Georgia .............................................. 47,193 47,721 49,929 55,990 48,444 37,663 45,767 46,227 69,677 39,794 30,492 Hawaii ................................................ 52,175 52,488 57,364 58,846 48,142 44,264 48,572 48,572   48,572   Idaho .................................................. 44,016 44,179 45,201 49,095 43,360 37,295 43,460 40,100   40,100 44,970 Illinois ................................................. 52,548 50,970 51,532 55,988 47,655 50,034 55,292 55,746 72,650 44,627 28,830 Indiana ............................................... 48,588 48,299 50,719 53,481 45,021 34,590 49,193 49,429 71,279 43,084 30,265 Iowa ................................................... 47,191 51,033 57,503 60,581 49,273 36,710 40,880 40,897 51,200 39,593 29,025 Kansas ............................................... 41,655 43,272 47,067 49,907 40,890 35,437 31,478 31,768   31,768 25,910 Kentucky ............................................ 43,410 45,097 47,773 54,298 43,871 35,627 37,369 37,369   37,369   Louisiana ........................................... 44,884 43,530 44,635 52,901 42,521 34,416 51,281 51,340 58,881 38,830 48,630 Maine ................................................. 45,199 43,882 45,874 49,583 43,866 35,831 48,616 49,255   49,255 28,944 Maryland ............................................ 50,802 49,781 52,144 59,221 48,566 45,594 54,379 54,441 71,669 45,791 25,000 Massachusetts ................................... 58,697 51,427 55,611 64,374 52,029 41,536 62,790 63,061 71,789 53,799 35,212 Michigan ............................................ 54,248 56,393 56,869 63,355 51,451 54,698 43,242 43,459 47,513 42,919 20,074 Minnesota .......................................... 48,877 50,390 53,763 64,476 48,163 45,176 45,347 45,591   45,591 36,638 Mississippi ......................................... 39,644 40,232 43,302 45,240 42,010 36,257 34,896 35,749   35,749 23,554 Missouri ............................................. 47,063 47,579 49,568 58,603 47,753 40,596 46,023 46,424 62,112 37,842 29,963 Montana ............................................. 40,589 41,731 43,338 45,089 39,402 31,758 33,714 34,360   34,360 26,100 Nebraska ........................................... 44,701 46,030 49,374 56,249 44,649 34,332 40,574 40,574 47,592 36,828   Nevada .............................................. 51,959 52,050 55,194 58,997 52,647 44,829 37,946 37,946   37,946   New Hampshire ................................. 49,425 47,339 50,127 51,630 47,545 36,029 52,143 52,991   52,991 27,236 New Jersey ........................................ 61,538 61,419 64,359 71,997 61,765 54,694 61,850 61,989 75,071 51,694 25,845 New Mexico ....................................... 43,322 43,552 47,244 49,782 40,250 32,627 38,532 38,532   38,532   New York ........................................... 56,996 55,913 58,051 62,459 57,349 52,120 58,092 58,546 69,356 51,389 29,503 North Carolina ................................... 47,462 49,096 51,803 62,388 47,500 32,153 43,687 43,978 61,504 37,234 31,300 North Dakota ..................................... 36,366 37,103 38,347 39,434 36,099 32,190 31,158 32,623   32,623 23,785 Ohio ................................................... 50,240 51,914 54,747 56,462 48,586 42,722 46,526 46,769 67,470 44,502 29,678 Oklahoma .......................................... 41,961 42,514 44,841 50,253 40,482 35,991 39,830 40,329 50,222 35,806 25,654 Oregon ............................................... 44,506 44,212 45,121 47,702 42,250 43,161 45,546 45,546   45,546   Pennsylvania ..................................... 55,132 56,029 57,330 62,407 54,469 48,938 54,040 54,457 73,122 48,846 31,440 Rhode Island ..................................... 54,797 52,382 55,721 60,085 48,226 42,341 56,582 56,582   56,582   South Carolina ................................... 42,246 43,199 48,228 53,983 42,235 32,486 38,030 38,169   38,169 31,540 South Dakota ..................................... 36,482 37,279 37,382 38,107 36,391 26,212 33,685 33,738   33,738 28,800 Tennessee ......................................... 45,532 45,994 49,315 56,243 46,955 35,625 44,488 44,636 67,787 35,955 23,582 Texas ................................................. 46,434 45,576 48,678 55,528 43,062 39,963 50,117 50,292 59,321 43,378 26,395 Utah ................................................... 46,735 45,037 47,232 51,683 39,984 36,352 50,704 50,859 51,750 39,229 37,370 Vermont ............................................. 44,722 46,461 46,461 49,695 38,167   43,140 44,403   44,403 20,261 Virginia ............................................... 48,468 49,391 52,734 57,209 49,924 38,940 45,405 45,503   45,503 28,018 Washington ........................................ 46,038 46,051 51,042 54,807 44,925 39,662 45,989 45,989   45,989   West Virginia ..................................... 40,929 41,942 42,570 49,056 39,510 33,520 35,534 35,534   35,534   Wisconsin .......................................... 49,325 50,747 52,106 63,364 48,066 48,694 43,320 43,320 54,490 40,117   Wyoming ............................................ 39,855 39,855 46,743 46,743   33,007           U. S. Service Schools ........................ 61,536 61,536 61,536   61,536             Outlying areas .............................. 33,163 34,652 34,840 36,820 33,761 33,380 21,412 21,412   21,412   American Samoa ............................... 29,072 29,072       29,072           Federated States of Micronesia ........ 17,695 17,695       17,695           Guam ................................................. 47,679 47,679 51,109   51,109 43,155           Marshall Islands ................................                       Northern Marianas ............................. 35,628 35,628       35,628           Palau ................................................. 17,743 17,743       17,743           Puerto Rico ........................................ 32,030 33,641 33,495 36,820 31,389 36,361 21,412 21,412   21,412   Virgin Islands ..................................... 44,976 44,976 44,976   44,976             1 Includes 2   year and 4   year degree granting institutions that were eligible to participate in title IV federal financial aid programs.   Data not reported or not applicable.

NOTE.   Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty, 1996   97'' survey. ( This table was prepared February 1998). 269 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 237.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and by state: 1995   96 State or other area All institutions Public institutions Private institutions Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total University Other 4 year Total University Other 4 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States ................................ $ 49,309 $ 48,837 $ 51,172 $ 55,068 $ 48,566 $ 43,295 $ 50,466 $ 50,819 $ 65,405 $ 44,504 $ 31,915 Alabama ............................................ 40,505 41,450 43,580 47,854 40,872 36,364 35,431 35,594   35,594 24,809 Alaska ................................................ 49,036 49,646 49,594 49,685 49,531 56,164 37,489 37,489   37,489   Arizona .............................................. 50,841 51,255 52,809 55,301 44,966 48,231 39,682 39,682   39,682   Arkansas ............................................ 38,782 39,378 41,299 47,001 39,502 31,125 36,037 36,748   36,748 16,052 California ........................................... 57,716 57,320 60,674 70,350 58,876 52,789 59,328 59,716 74,410 52,233 33,405 Colorado ............................................ 47,874 47,745 50,262 56,009 45,562 35,652 48,763 48,763 53,584 43,665   Connecticut ........................................ 59,253 59,018 61,635 67,363 56,188 51,143 59,524 60,090 77,086 53,141 33,576 Delaware ........................................... 55,148 55,378 57,693 59,944 45,399 42,950 53,092 53,092   53,092   District of Columbia ........................... 56,994 51,610 51,610   51,610   57,758 57,758 59,352 44,266   Florida ................................................ 45,677 45,609 50,487 54,649 47,864 39,594 45,944 46,125 57,361 42,076 27,245 Georgia .............................................. 45,188 45,297 47,318 52,580 46,014 36,167 44,883 45,385 67,915 39,120 29,695 Hawaii ................................................ 51,470 51,937 56,477 57,741 48,292 44,244 46,540 46,540   46,540   Idaho .................................................. 42,271 42,604 43,446 47,733 41,495 36,646 41,196 37,910   37,910 42,721 Illinois ................................................. 51,065 49,527 49,976 53,824 46,548 48,796 53,818 54,091 71,189 43,184 30,610 Indiana ............................................... 47,351 47,006 49,176 51,805 43,809 34,662 48,101 48,324 68,842 42,239 29,925 Iowa ................................................... 46,113 49,686 55,947 58,998 47,591 35,726 40,149 40,109 51,045 38,644 45,578 Kansas ............................................... 41,497 43,372 46,436 48,886 41,003 35,716 30,603 31,003   31,003 24,510 Kentucky ............................................ 41,791 43,418 46,269 52,345 42,650 33,107 35,949 36,106   36,106 27,036 Louisiana ........................................... 40,689 39,037 39,929 46,288 38,298 31,745 48,104 48,133 54,380 37,270 46,619 Maine ................................................. 43,075 41,823 43,946 47,438 41,987 33,378 46,393 46,966   46,966 28,818 Maryland ............................................ 49,835 48,994 51,395 57,592 48,264 44,772 52,861 52,923 68,457 45,004 24,267 Massachusetts ................................... 56,498 48,720 52,530 60,364 49,430 39,963 60,944 61,270 69,753 52,094 35,083 Michigan ............................................ 52,555 54,677 55,244 61,133 50,274 52,722 41,843 42,067 44,205 41,805 26,714 Minnesota .......................................... 46,617 47,873 52,284 62,922 46,711 41,664 43,613 43,803   43,803 36,427 Mississippi ......................................... 39,565 40,004 43,367 45,722 41,882 35,808 36,152 37,077   37,077 22,701 Missouri ............................................. 44,993 45,438 47,125 55,872 45,419 39,479 44,113 44,424 58,456 36,649 33,675 Montana ............................................. 38,784 39,737 41,120 42,742 37,603 30,952 32,029 31,834   31,834 34,981 Nebraska ........................................... 43,443 44,599 48,000 54,734 43,255 33,692 39,726 39,726 46,658 35,985   Nevada .............................................. 49,235 49,338 52,010 55,724 49,758 43,284 29,688 29,688   29,688   New Hampshire ................................. 48,438 46,856 49,817 52,205 45,604 34,956 50,547 51,242   51,242 24,508 New Jersey ........................................ 60,408 60,796 64,539 73,263 61,394 52,283 59,408 59,540 71,701 49,817 39,947 New Mexico ....................................... 42,565 42,715 46,635 49,071 39,650 31,257 39,443 39,443   39,443   New York ........................................... 55,764 55,594 58,182 62,285 57,527 50,933 55,938 56,393 66,589 49,800 29,601 North Carolina ................................... 45,065 46,299 48,732 56,948 45,296 30,638 42,206 42,516 60,020 35,977 32,711 North Dakota ..................................... 35,303 36,104 37,259 37,983 35,580 31,232 29,709 31,298   31,298 22,297 Ohio ................................................... 48,468 50,008 52,784 54,168 47,857 40,886 45,025 45,134 64,920 42,989 24,138 Oklahoma .......................................... 40,798 41,046 42,958 48,109 38,836 35,038 39,807 40,286 51,464 35,457 25,039 Oregon ............................................... 44,272 44,002 45,646 47,983 42,832 42,091 45,278 45,278   45,278   Pennsylvania ..................................... 53,987 55,481 56,830 60,944 54,526 48,206 52,196 52,742 69,693 47,251 28,934 Rhode Island ..................................... 52,805 50,493 53,509 57,683 46,702 41,379 54,585 54,585   54,585   South Carolina ................................... 40,820 41,813 46,655 52,582 40,494 31,510 36,544 36,682   36,682 30,294 South Dakota ..................................... 35,982 37,139 37,274 38,096 36,101 24,834 31,858 31,943   31,943 24,000 Tennessee ......................................... 44,431 44,940 48,112 54,072 46,011 34,743 43,278 43,586 66,150 35,055 27,747 Texas ................................................. 45,164 44,294 46,992 53,063 41,883 39,331 48,938 49,130 58,942 41,439 24,942 Utah ................................................... 45,437 43,796 45,919 50,097 39,301 35,147 49,268 49,540 50,420 38,275 33,089 Vermont ............................................. 43,171 45,068 45,068 48,168 37,379   41,430 42,640   42,640 20,024 Virginia ............................................... 47,365 48,405 51,675 56,288 48,691 38,142 43,894 44,204   44,204 26,614 Washington ........................................ 45,703 45,774 51,202 54,727 45,381 38,753 45,421 45,421   45,421   West Virginia ..................................... 39,793 40,667 41,323 47,507 38,401 31,816 35,038 35,038   35,038   Wisconsin .......................................... 48,332 49,578 51,246 62,321 47,325 47,064 42,805 42,805 54,746 39,066   Wyoming ............................................ 39,998 39,998 47,216 47,216   32,766           U. S. Service Schools ........................ 61,758 61,758 61,758   61,758             Outlying areas .............................. 31,663 33,248 33,796 34,217 33,495 31,026 19,633 19,633   19,633   American Samoa ............................... 32,522 32,522       32,522           Federated States of Micronesia ........ 26,884 26,884       26,884           Guam ................................................. 47,021 47,021 51,273   51,273 42,964           Marshall Islands ................................ 14,722 14,722     14,722             Northern Marianas ............................. 32,321 32,321       32,321           Palau ................................................. 15,143 15,143       15,143           Puerto Rico ........................................ 30,321 32,059 32,334 34,217 30,743 29,577 19,633 19,633   19,633   Virgin Islands ..................................... 45,452 45,452 45,452   45,452               Data not reported or not applicable.

NOTE.   Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty, 1995   96'' survey. ( This table was prepared January 1997). 270 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 238.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in 4 year degree granting institutions, 1 by type and control of institution and rank of faculty and by state: 1996   97 State or other area Public university Public other 4 year Private university Private other 4 year Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States ................................. $ 72,599 $ 51,835 $ 43,536 $ 62,846 $ 49,082 $ 40,500 $ 87,949 $ 57,812 $ 48,591 $ 59,174 $ 45,515 $ 37,259 Alabama ............................................... 64,158 47,267 40,463 54,692 44,005 37,519       49,175 38,723 32,250 Alaska .................................................. 64,801 55,212 42,008 62,321 51,766 41,529       43,999 41,320 34,617 Arizona ................................................. 71,484 51,330 43,989 59,834 48,623 39,631       56,029 67,093 34,818 Arkansas .............................................. 63,795 48,624 42,159 52,574 42,669 36,859       45,366 38,097 32,426 California .............................................. 91,095 60,378 52,565 69,322 54,177 44,316 93,888 62,303 53,034 68,586 50,189 41,434 Colorado .............................................. 70,540 52,825 45,245 58,442 46,475 39,201 69,380 52,574 45,530 63,840 46,693 36,589 Connecticut .......................................... 85,721 63,263 50,072 71,612 56,936 43,458 104,774 57,794 48,592 69,779 51,848 43,391 Delaware .............................................. 82,337 58,720 47,157 61,375 49,567 41,491       67,059 58,951 37,189 District of Columbia .............................             81,081 54,604 44,940 56,923 45,678 36,637 Florida .................................................. 68,784 49,539 44,692 62,840 48,490 41,613 78,969 54,050 44,169 56,367 42,454 35,984 Georgia ................................................ 73,791 52,015 44,752 63,385 50,058 41,113 92,931 58,662 49,729 51,171 41,681 34,420 Hawaii .................................................. 73,539 54,969 47,110 57,836 46,468 41,486       55,256 47,876 43,486 Idaho .................................................... 58,137 47,409 41,637 52,364 43,363 38,608       48,062 40,205 34,954 Illinois ................................................... 73,121 50,784 43,961 59,648 48,217 40,090 94,663 60,655 52,673 55,714 45,330 37,725 Indiana ................................................. 70,174 50,932 41,862 61,436 46,842 40,142 90,337 62,192 51,322 52,382 42,970 36,061 Iowa ..................................................... 75,140 53,768 45,220 64,145 50,027 42,735 63,918 48,366 40,124 50,397 39,711 33,578 Kansas ................................................. 62,199 45,949 40,166 52,362 41,630 35,848       37,858 33,034 28,391 Kentucky .............................................. 68,359 49,405 41,736 55,620 44,964 37,360       47,395 37,734 32,101 Louisiana ............................................. 70,607 52,243 43,494 56,489 45,104 38,101 73,992 52,249 45,363 47,894 39,822 35,312 Maine ................................................... 60,026 48,050 39,691 53,082 43,571 35,669       67,524 49,135 37,746 Maryland .............................................. 76,329 54,023 46,841 63,490 49,832 41,672 88,221 61,840 50,430 57,315 45,824 37,346 Massachusetts ..................................... 75,034 57,090 45,934 59,686 50,854 40,798 93,987 59,515 51,265 69,502 50,488 42,298 Michigan .............................................. 79,054 58,403 48,775 62,557 50,672 42,175 59,902 51,050 36,774 51,470 42,747 37,460 Minnesota ............................................ 76,087 52,770 45,696 56,734 46,118 39,313       57,952 44,870 37,133 Mississippi ........................................... 59,110 47,079 40,676 53,554 44,391 38,058       46,357 35,466 32,415 Missouri ............................................... 72,974 54,586 46,778 60,511 48,307 39,465 80,705 54,912 48,918 47,096 39,280 33,745 Montana ............................................... 54,288 44,449 37,972 48,695 40,173 33,679       41,556 35,441 30,483 Nebraska ............................................. 73,016 50,605 43,566 55,717 46,709 37,794 70,712 48,884 36,563 44,919 37,278 32,694 Nevada ................................................ 74,895 55,428 45,061 69,528 53,989 44,269       45,876 38,290 27,608 New Hampshire ................................... 63,794 47,621 39,114 57,829 45,043 37,835       70,387 47,034 40,309 New Jersey .......................................... 91,007 64,184 48,461 78,477 61,261 47,259 100,970 59,109 47,448 63,953 51,853 40,535 New Mexico ......................................... 63,004 48,162 39,877 51,953 40,870 34,920       42,072 33,046 31,735 New York ............................................. 78,429 55,743 43,981 70,744 53,964 43,642 87,507 60,115 50,356 66,417 51,349 40,735 North Carolina ..................................... 79,294 55,394 48,613 60,946 48,423 41,684 79,455 55,780 44,090 46,356 37,701 32,462 North Dakota ....................................... 49,892 41,318 36,740 46,731 38,471 34,259       42,283 35,202 31,726 Ohio ..................................................... 71,830 52,483 42,636 63,967 49,107 39,404 82,174 59,309 51,029 56,568 43,838 36,294 Oklahoma ............................................ 63,279 46,424 38,676 49,687 42,303 38,069 69,968 47,919 38,694 48,989 39,398 30,383 Oregon ................................................. 60,405 46,014 39,507 51,640 40,592 35,780       58,375 44,469 35,179 Pennsylvania ....................................... 81,139 57,502 45,187 71,306 56,029 44,408 92,520 61,022 51,974 62,730 48,707 39,715 Rhode Island ....................................... 68,840 51,631 44,032 54,238 47,880 39,535       71,982 51,771 45,032 South Carolina ..................................... 68,422 50,207 42,245 52,509 43,677 36,923       49,045 37,662 32,153 South Dakota ....................................... 47,584 39,128 34,428 46,889 38,811 33,324       41,344 35,324 31,156 Tennessee ........................................... 65,579 51,299 43,418 58,146 45,503 38,092 89,305 59,212 46,166 45,412 36,144 32,393 Texas ................................................... 72,418 48,720 42,985 55,577 43,991 38,151 78,127 54,650 45,442 55,335 42,932 35,081 Utah ..................................................... 65,870 47,800 40,538 47,910 39,846 36,200 64,766 49,191 42,334 47,935 39,540 34,458 Vermont ............................................... 64,822 48,988 39,650 45,983 37,666 30,465       57,600 42,070 37,205 Virginia ................................................. 73,057 52,082 44,719 63,388 49,503 39,985       57,444 44,612 36,374 Washington .......................................... 68,166 48,701 43,452 53,171 43,553 37,225       58,225 45,257 38,667 West Virginia ....................................... 60,938 47,969 39,976 47,335 39,052 33,268       42,916 37,659 31,378 Wisconsin ............................................ 71,625 53,805 47,896 56,712 46,598 39,737 69,887 53,844 43,280 50,112 40,446 35,029 Wyoming .............................................. 58,176 45,659 40,475                   U. S. Service Schools ...........................       74,021 57,949 48,942             Outlying areas ................................. 44,033 36,577 30,313 40,981 35,663 31,224       15,893 29,069 24,759 American Samoa .................................                         Federated States of Micronesia ..........                         Guam ...................................................       70,312 54,690 43,942             Northern Marianas ...............................                         Palau ....................................................                         Puerto Rico .......................................... 44,033 36,577 30,313 38,836 32,555 28,236       15,893 29,069 24,759 Virgin Islands .......................................       54,987 45,124 38,777             1 Includes 4 year degree granting institutions that were eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs.   Data not reported or not applicable.

NOTE.   Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty, 1996   97'' survey. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 271 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 239.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in 4 year institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution and rank of faculty and by state: 1995   96 State or other area Public university Public other 4 year Private university Private other 4 year Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States .................................. $ 69,924 $ 50,186 $ 42,335 $ 61,076 $ 47,850 $ 39,544 $ 84,970 $ 56,517 $ 47,387 $ 57,089 $ 44,186 $ 36,325 Alabama ............................................... 62,390 46,175 39,248 53,010 42,698 36,375       45,566 37,175 31,028 Alaska .................................................. 65,161 54,047 43,848 61,135 50,717 41,174       41,498 41,676 34,410 Arizona ................................................. 68,888 49,492 43,066 58,775 47,539 38,981       47,956 44,806 31,343 Arkansas .............................................. 61,336 47,575 41,002 50,980 41,391 35,689       43,878 37,204 31,116 California .............................................. 85,413 56,794 49,216 67,003 51,564 42,685 93,239 61,898 51,850 66,408 49,750 40,383 Colorado .............................................. 67,322 50,431 43,378 56,309 45,183 38,142 67,217 50,895 44,940 56,859 42,967 33,621 Connecticut .......................................... 82,383 61,187 47,683 68,680 55,361 42,014 100,780 56,269 47,455 67,060 50,438 42,412 Delaware .............................................. 78,998 57,324 45,542 60,902 47,905 41,092       63,372 57,739 40,078 District of Columbia .............................       60,588 48,285 39,443 77,980 53,007 43,517 55,920 44,624 36,383 Florida .................................................. 65,827 46,252 42,734 60,336 46,483 40,759 75,661 53,277 43,032 54,865 41,324 35,065 Georgia ................................................ 69,549 49,500 41,710 59,802 47,848 39,414 88,656 57,909 48,878 49,438 40,894 33,869 Hawaii .................................................. 72,025 54,713 47,058 58,252 47,664 42,804       54,152 46,456 41,138 Idaho .................................................... 55,463 45,181 41,217 49,845 41,736 36,822       45,725 37,299 33,190 Illinois ................................................... 70,074 49,458 42,042 57,942 46,799 39,292 90,944 59,938 50,859 53,928 43,650 36,943 Indiana ................................................. 67,151 48,838 40,835 59,107 45,465 39,201 86,818 60,580 49,998 51,722 42,292 35,328 Iowa ..................................................... 72,891 53,185 44,020 62,052 48,729 41,629 63,809 47,234 40,652 48,518 39,040 32,773 Kansas ................................................. 61,279 45,374 39,387 51,778 41,733 35,815       36,583 32,111 28,159 Kentucky .............................................. 66,430 47,686 40,938 53,759 43,728 36,265       44,955 36,242 31,722 Louisiana ............................................. 61,130 44,254 37,898 49,829 40,080 34,664 72,166 53,193 42,826 46,697 38,563 34,696 Maine ................................................... 58,275 45,694 38,353 51,474 41,513 34,135       65,027 47,161 36,588 Maryland .............................................. 73,989 52,297 46,196 63,003 49,311 41,577 84,580 58,834 47,902 54,772 44,139 36,306 Massachusetts ..................................... 70,319 53,098 43,258 56,565 47,801 39,336 90,651 58,456 50,289 67,374 49,051 41,314 Michigan .............................................. 75,895 56,450 47,456 60,929 49,253 40,987 55,356 44,226 37,182 50,041 41,451 36,109 Minnesota ............................................ 74,328 51,463 45,611 54,485 44,753 37,897       55,776 43,256 36,024 Mississippi ........................................... 58,615 46,386 40,649 53,495 43,670 37,733       45,818 37,042 32,997 Missouri ............................................... 68,773 51,557 45,108 57,140 46,356 38,212 76,800 52,602 45,574 45,663 37,430 32,730 Montana ............................................... 50,728 41,570 36,430 46,558 37,626 32,732       35,697 31,047 31,518 Nebraska ............................................. 71,391 49,411 42,735 53,718 44,698 37,161 69,771 48,644 35,633 43,626 36,600 32,035 Nevada ................................................ 70,672 52,609 42,054 65,586 51,336 42,708       43,691 29,914 13,273 New Hampshire ................................... 64,240 48,104 40,127 55,694 44,153 37,049       68,903 45,483 38,183 New Jersey .......................................... 92,584 65,547 50,285 77,607 61,134 47,872 97,220 58,733 45,208 61,080 49,684 39,914 New Mexico ......................................... 61,962 47,364 39,341 51,348 40,084 34,460       43,296 36,506 30,930 New York ............................................. 78,428 55,887 43,915 70,935 54,347 43,701 83,612 58,311 48,607 64,002 49,809 39,691 North Carolina ..................................... 72,682 51,440 45,144 57,847 46,052 39,827 76,066 54,509 44,586 44,847 36,641 31,727 North Dakota ....................................... 48,084 39,786 35,827 45,131 36,887 33,415       41,017 34,158 31,044 Ohio ..................................................... 68,621 50,523 41,440 62,596 48,037 38,718 79,893 57,359 49,829 54,807 42,356 35,267 Oklahoma ............................................ 60,434 44,890 37,858 47,875 40,570 36,880 68,185 49,088 39,205 45,394 38,630 29,639 Oregon ................................................. 61,149 46,138 40,124 51,820 40,855 35,929       56,483 43,361 35,767 Pennsylvania ....................................... 79,229 56,381 44,953 71,512 55,784 44,542 89,077 59,000 49,988 60,123 47,137 38,447 Rhode Island ....................................... 65,870 49,774 43,346 52,979 46,045 38,662       69,683 50,282 43,466 South Carolina ..................................... 65,998 48,591 41,654 49,727 42,142 35,537       47,102 36,172 31,038 South Dakota ....................................... 47,974 38,615 35,270 47,079 38,980 32,553       40,347 32,752 30,257 Tennessee ........................................... 63,839 49,636 42,613 56,843 45,508 37,704 86,111 57,222 45,353 44,141 35,691 31,378 Texas ................................................... 69,440 46,850 41,170 53,810 43,590 36,831 77,482 53,540 46,490 52,668 41,411 33,416 Utah ..................................................... 63,886 46,098 39,541 48,595 39,511 35,211 63,292 47,942 40,652 46,967 39,284 33,638 Vermont ............................................... 62,301 47,018 38,208 44,854 36,723 30,548       55,337 41,376 35,455 Virginia ................................................. 71,669 50,956 43,504 61,642 47,985 39,168       55,891 43,744 35,576 Washington .......................................... 67,725 48,179 42,880 53,051 43,707 37,650       57,791 45,041 38,287 West Virginia ....................................... 58,545 46,249 38,084 46,150 38,404 32,697       42,483 36,147 30,821 Wisconsin ............................................ 70,851 52,938 46,561 56,095 46,069 39,377 71,423 53,621 43,878 49,252 39,352 33,800 Wyoming .............................................. 58,722 45,679 41,098                   U. S. Service Schools ...........................       73,712 57,491 52,214             Outlying areas ................................. 41,404 34,589 28,640 40,061 35,275 30,408       15,790 23,472 22,720 American Samoa .................................                         Federated States of Micronesia ..........                         Guam ...................................................       70,692 57,425 44,197             Northern Marianas ...............................                         Palau ....................................................                         Puerto Rico .......................................... 41,404 34,589 28,640 37,870 31,559 27,202       15,790 23,472 22,720 Virgin Islands .......................................       55,827 46,009 39,102               Data not reported or not applicable.