(2) For nonhandheld engines, use the six-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix II of this part. Control engine speeds and torques during idle mode as specified in paragraph (c) of this section. Control engine speed during the full-load operating mode as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. For all other modes, control engine speed to within 5 percent of the nominal speed specified in paragraph (d) of this section or let the installed governor (in the production configuration) control engine speed. For all modes except idle, control torque as needed to meet the cycle-validation criteria in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The governor may be adjusted before emission sampling to target the nominal speed identified in paragraph (d) of this section, but the installed governor must control engine speed throughout the emission-sampling period whether the governor is adjusted or not. Note that ramped-modal testing involves continuous sampling, so governor adjustments may not occur during such a test. Note also that our testing may involve running the engine with the governor in the standard configuration even if you adjust the governor as described in this paragraph (b)(2) for certification or production-line testing.
*	*	*	*	*

265. Amend §1054.601 by adding paragraph (d) to read as follows:
§1054.601  What compliance provisions apply?
*	*	*	*	*
(d) Subpart C of this part describes how to test and certify dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines. Some multi-fuel engines may not fit either of those defined terms.  For such engines, we will determine whether it is most appropriate to treat them as single-fuel engines, dual-fuel engines, or flexible-fuel engines based on the range of possible and expected fuel mixtures.

266. Amend §1054.612 by revising the introductory text to read as follows:
§1054.612 What special provisions apply for equipment manufacturers modifying certified nonhandheld engines?
The provisions of this section are limited to small-volume emission families.
*	*	*	*	*

267. Amend §1054.620 by revising paragraph (c)(2) to read as follows:
§1054.620  What are the provisions for exempting engines used solely for competition?
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*
(2) Sale of the equipment in which the engine is installed must be limited to professional competition teams, professional competitors, or other qualified competitors.  Engine manufacturers may sell loose engines to these same qualified competitors, and to equipment manufacturers supplying competition models for qualified competitors.
*	*	*	*	*

§§1054.625 and 1054.626 [Removed]
268. Remove §§1054.625 and 1054.626.

§1054.635 [Amended]
269. Amend §1054.635 by removing and reserving paragraph (c)(6).

§1054.640 [Removed]
270. Remove §1054.640.

271. Revise §1054.655 to read as follows:
§1054.655  What special provisions apply for installing and removing altitude kits?
An action for the purpose of installing or modifying altitude kits and performing other changes to compensate for changing altitude is not considered a prohibited act under 40 CFR 1068.101(b) if it is done consistent with the manufacturer's instructions.

272. Amend §1054.690 by revising paragraphs (f) and (i) to read as follows:
§1054.690  What bond requirements apply for certified engines?
*	*	*	*	*
(f) If you are required to post a bond under this section, you must get the bond from a third-party surety that is cited in the U.S. Department of Treasury Circular 570, "Companies Holding Certificates of Authority as Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable Reinsuring Companies" (https://www.fiscal.treasury.gov/surety-bonds/circular-570.html).  You must maintain this bond for every year in which you sell certified engines.  The surety agent remains responsible for obligations under the bond for two years after the bond is cancelled or expires without being replaced.
*	*	*	*	*
(i) If you are required to post a bond under this section, you must note that in your application for certification as described in §1054.205.  Your certification is conditioned on your compliance with this section.  Your certificate is automatically suspended if you fail to comply with the requirements of this section.  This suspension applies with respect to all engines in your possession as well as all engines being imported or otherwise introduced into U.S. commerce.  For example, if you maintain a bond sufficient to cover 500 engines, you may introduce into U.S. commerce only 500 engines under your certificate; your certificate would be automatically suspended for any additional engines.  Introducing such additional engines into U.S. commerce would violate 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(1).  For importation, U.S. Customs may deny entry of engines lacking the necessary bond.  This would apply if there is no bond, or if the value of the bond is not sufficient for the appropriate production volumes.  We may also revoke your certificate.
*	*	*	*	*

273. Amend §1054.701 by revising paragraph (c)(2), paragraph (i) introductory text, and paragraph (i)(1) to read as follows:
§1054.701  General provisions.
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*
(2) Handheld engines and nonhandheld engines are in separate averaging sets with respect to exhaust emissions except as specified in §1054.740(e). You may use emission credits generated with Phase 2 engines for Phase 3 handheld engines only if you can demonstrate that those credits were generated by handheld engines, except as specified in §1054.740(e). Similarly, you may use emission credits generated with Phase 2 engines for Phase 3 nonhandheld engines only if you can demonstrate that those credits were generated by nonhandheld engines, subject to the provisions of §1054.740.
*	*	*	*	*
(i) As described in §1054.730, compliance with the requirements of this subpart is determined at the end of the model year based on actual U.S.-directed production volumes.  Do not include any of the following engines or equipment to calculate emission credits:
   (1) Engines or equipment with a permanent exemption under subpart G of this part or under 40 CFR part 1068.
*	*	*	*	*

274. Amend §1054.710 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§1054.710  How do I average emission credits?
*	*	*	*	*
(c) If you certify a family to an FEL that exceeds the otherwise applicable standard, you must obtain enough emission credits to offset the family's deficit by the due date for the final report required in §1054.730.  The emission credits used to address the deficit may come from your other families that generate emission credits in the same model year, from emission credits you have banked from previous model years, or from emission credits generated in the same or previous model years that you obtained through trading.

275. Amend §1054.715 by revising paragraph (b) to read as follows:
§1054.715  How do I bank emission credits?
*	*	*	*	*
(b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the reports you submit under §1054.730 as reserved credits.  During the model year and before the due date for the final report, you may designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
*	*	*	*	*

276. Amend §1054.725 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:
§1054.725  What must I include in my application for certification?
*	*	*	*	*
(b)	*	*	*
(2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive or negative) based on projected production volumes.  We may require you to include similar calculations from your other engine families to demonstrate that you will be able to avoid negative credit balances for the model year.  If you project negative emission credits for a family, state the source of positive emission credits you expect to use to offset the negative emission credits.

277. Amend §1054.730 by revising paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(3), (b)(4), (d)(1)(iii), and (d)(2)(iii) to read as follows:
§1054.730  What ABT reports must I send to EPA?
*	*	*	*	*
(b)	*	*	*
(1) Family designation and averaging set.
*	*	*	*	*
(3) The FEL for each pollutant.  If you change the FEL after the start of production, identify the date that you started using the new FEL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine covered by the new FEL.  In this case, identify each applicable FEL and calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in §1054.225.
(4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for the model year as described in §1054.701(i).  For fuel tanks, state the production volume in terms of surface area and production volume for each fuel tank configuration and state the total surface area for the emission family.  If you changed an FEL during the model year, identify the actual U.S.-directed production volume associated with each FEL.
*	*	*	*	*
(d)	*	*	*
(1)	*	*	*
(iii) The averaging set corresponding to the families that generated emission credits for the trade, including the number of emission credits from each averaging set.
(2)	*	*	*
(iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the number of emission credits you intend to apply for each averaging set.
*	*	*	*	*

278. Amend §1054.735 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:
§1054.735  What records must I keep?
(a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in this section.
(b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use emission credits for any engines or equipment if you do not keep all the records required under this section.  You must therefore keep these records to continue to bank valid credits.
*	*	*	*	*

279. Amend §1054.740 by revising paragraph (c) and removing and reserving paragraph (d) to read as follows:
§1054.740  What special provisions apply for generating and using emission credits?
*	*	*	*	*
(c) You may not use emission credits generated by nonhandheld engines certified to Phase 2 emission standards to demonstrate compliance with the Phase 3 exhaust emission standards in 2014 and later model years.
*	*	*	*	*

280. Amend §1054.801 by:
a. Revising the definition for "Designated Compliance Officer".
b. Removing the definition for "Dual-fuel engine".
c. Adding a definition for "Dual-fuel" in alphabetical order.
d. Revising the definitions for "Engine configuration" and "Equipment manufacturer".
e. Removing the definition for "Flexible-fuel engine".
f. Adding a definition for "Flexible-fuel" in alphabetical order.
g. Revising the definitions for "Fuel type", "Handheld", "New nonroad engine", "New nonroad equipment", "Nonmethane hydrocarbon". "Nonroad engine", "Phase 1", "Phase 2", and "Placed into service".
h. Removing the definition for "Pressurized oil system".
i. Revising the definitions for "Small-volume emission family", "Small-volume equipment manufacturer", "Total hydrocarbon", and "Total hydrocarbon equivalent".
The new and revised definitions read as follows:
§1054.801  What definitions apply to this part?
*	*	*	*	*
Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Gasoline Engine Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>*	*	*	*	*
Dual-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on two different fuels but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels (see §1054.601(d)). For purposes of this part, such an engine remains a dual-fuel engine even if it is designed for operation on three or more different fuels.
*	*	*	*	*
Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware and calibration within an emission family.  Engines within a single engine configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability or factors unrelated to emissions.
*	*	*	*	*
Equipment manufacturer means a manufacturer of nonroad equipment.  All nonroad equipment manufacturing entities under the control of the same person are considered to be a single nonroad equipment manufacturer.
*	*	*	*	*
Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on any mixture of two or more different fuels (see §1054.601(d)).
*	*	*	*	*
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or natural gas.  There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or low-level ethanol-gasoline blends.
*	*	*	*	*
Handheld means relating to equipment that meets any of the following criteria:
(1) It is carried by the operator throughout the performance of its intended function.
(2) It is designed to operate multi-positionally, such as upside down or sideways, to complete its intended function.
(3) It has a combined engine and equipment dry weight under 16.0 kilograms, has no more than two wheels, and at least one of the following attributes is also present:
(i) The operator provides support or carries the equipment throughout the performance of its intended function.  Carry means to completely bear the weight of the equipment, including the engine. Support means to hold a piece of equipment in position to prevent it from falling, slipping, or sinking, without carrying it.
(ii) The operator provides support or attitudinal control for the equipment throughout the performance of its intended function.  Attitudinal control involves regulating the horizontal or vertical position of the equipment.
(4) It is an auger with a combined engine and equipment dry weight under 22.0 kilograms.
(5) It is used in a recreational application with a combined total vehicle dry weight under 20.0 kilograms.
(6) It is a hand-supported jackhammer or rammer/compactor.  This does not include equipment that can remain upright without operator support, such as a plate compactor.
*	*	*	*	*
New nonroad engine means any of the following things:
(1) A freshly manufactured nonroad engine for which the ultimate purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title.  This kind of engine might commonly be thought of as "brand new."  In the case of this paragraph (1), the engine is new from the time it is produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) An engine originally manufactured as a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine that is later used or intended to be used in a piece of nonroad equipment.  In this case, the engine is no longer a motor vehicle or stationary engine and becomes a "new nonroad engine."  The engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service.  This paragraph (2) applies if a motor vehicle engine or a stationary engine is installed in nonroad equipment, or if a motor vehicle or a piece of stationary equipment is modified (or moved) to become nonroad equipment.
(3) A nonroad engine that has been previously placed into service in an application we exclude under §1054.5, when that engine is installed in a piece of equipment that is covered by this part 1054.  The engine is no longer new when it is placed into nonroad service covered by this part 1054.  For example, this would apply to a marine-propulsion engine that is no longer used in a marine vessel but is instead installed in a piece of nonroad equipment subject to the provisions of this part.
(4) An engine not covered by paragraphs (1) through (3) of this definition that is intended to be installed in new nonroad equipment.  This generally includes installation of used engines in new equipment.  The engine is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for the equipment or the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(5) An imported nonroad engine, subject to the following provisions:
(i)  An imported nonroad engine covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part that meets the criteria of one or more of paragraphs (1) through (4) of this definition, where the original engine manufacturer holds the certificate, is new as defined by those applicable paragraphs.
(ii) An imported engine that will be covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part, where someone other than the original engine manufacturer holds the certificate (such as when the engine is modified after its initial assembly), is a new nonroad engine when it is imported.  It is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives a title for the engine or it is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(iii) An imported nonroad engine that is not covered by a certificate of conformity issued under this part at the time of importation is new.  This addresses uncertified engines and equipment initially placed into service that someone seeks to import into the United States.  Importation of this kind of engine (or equipment containing such an engine) is generally prohibited by 40 CFR part 1068.  However, the importation of such an engine is not prohibited if the engine has a date of manufacture before January 1, 1997, since it is not subject to standards.
New nonroad equipment means either of the following things:
(1) A nonroad piece of equipment for which the ultimate purchaser has never received the equitable or legal title.  The product is no longer new when the ultimate purchaser receives this title or the product is placed into service, whichever comes first.
(2) A nonroad piece of equipment with an engine that becomes new while installed in the equipment.  For example, a complete piece of equipment that was imported without being covered by a certificate of conformity would be new nonroad equipment because the engine would be considered new at the time of importation.
*	*	*	*	*
Nonmethane hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.  This generally means the difference between the emitted mass of total hydrocarbon and the emitted mass of methane.
*	*	*	*	*
Nonroad engine has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.  In general, this means all internal-combustion engines except motor vehicle engines, stationary engines, engines used solely for competition, or engines used in aircraft.
*	*	*	*	*
Phase 1 means relating to the Phase 1 emission standards described in Appendix I of this part.
Phase 2 means relating to the Phase 2 emission standards described in Appendix I of this part.
*	*	*	*	*
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended purpose. Engines and equipment do not qualify as being "placed into service" based on incidental use by a manufacturer or dealer.
*	*	*	*	*
Small-volume emission family means one of the following:
(1) For requirements related to exhaust emissions for nonhandheld engines and to exhaust and evaporative emissions for handheld engines, small-volume emission family means any emission family whose U.S.-directed production volume in a given model year is projected at the time of certification to be no more than 5,000 engines or pieces of equipment.
(2) For requirements related to evaporative emissions for nonhandheld equipment, small-volume emission family means any equipment manufacturer's U.S.-directed production volume for identical fuel tank is projected at the time of certification to be no more than 5,000 units.  Tanks are generally considered identical if they are produced under a single part number to conform to a single design or blueprint.  Tanks should be considered identical if they differ only with respect to production variability, post-production changes (such as different fittings or grommets), supplier, color, or other extraneous design variables.
*	*	*	*	*
Small-volume equipment manufacturer means one of the following:
(1) For handheld equipment, an equipment manufacturer that had a U.S.-directed production volume of no more than 25,000 pieces of handheld equipment in any calendar year. For manufacturers owned by a parent company, this production limit applies to the production of the parent company and all its subsidiaries.
(2) For nonhandheld equipment, an equipment manufacturer with annual U.S.-directed production volumes of no more than 5,000 pieces of nonhandheld equipment in any calendar year.  For manufacturers owned by a parent company, this production limit applies to the production of the parent company and all its subsidiaries.
(3) An equipment manufacturer that we designate to be a small-volume equipment manufacturer under §1054.635.
*	*	*	*	*
Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as an atomic hydrocarbon with an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.  This generally means the sum of the carbon mass contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbon, alcohols and aldehydes, or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in a gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled engines.  The atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
*	*	*	*	*

281. Revise §1054.815 to read as follows:
§1054.815  What provisions apply to confidential information?
The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider confidential.

282. Revise §1054.825 to read as follows:
§1054.825  What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this part?
(a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available for eight years after you send an associated application for certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do not support an application for certification. We may request these records at any time.  You must promptly give us organized, written records in English if we ask for them. This applies whether or not you rely on someone else to keep records on your behalf. We may require you to submit written records in an electronic format.
(b) The regulations in §1054.255, 40 CFR 1068.25, and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete information.  This includes information not related to certification. Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal penalties.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see §1054.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive from another company is deemed to be a required record under this section.  Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA.  We may require you to send us these records.
(e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations.  The following items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for engines and equipment regulated under this part:
   (1) We specify the following requirements related to engine and equipment certification in this part 1054:
      (i) In §1054.20 we require equipment manufacturers to label their equipment if they are relying on component certification.
      (ii) In §1054.135 we require engine manufacturers to keep certain records related to duplicate labels sent to equipment manufacturers.
      (iii) In §1054.145 we include various reporting and recordkeeping requirements related to interim provisions.
      (iv) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of information required to certify engines.
      (v) In §§1054.345 and 1054.350 we specify certain records related to production-line testing.
      (vi) [Reserved]
      (vii) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to various special compliance provisions.
      (viii) In §§1054.725, 1054.730, and 1054.735 we specify certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
   (2) We specify the following requirements related to component and equipment certification in 40 CFR part 1060:
      (i) In 40 CFR 1060.20 we give an overview of principles for reporting information.
      (ii) In 40 CFR part 1060, subpart C, we identify a wide range of information required to certify products.
      (iii) In 40 CFR 1060.301 we require manufacturers to keep records related to evaluation of production samples for verifying that the products are as specified in the certificate of conformity.
      (iv) In 40 CFR 1060.310 we require manufacturers to make components, engines, or equipment available for our testing if we make such a request.
      (v) In 40 CFR 1060.505 we specify information needs for establishing various changes to published test procedures.
   (3) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40 CFR part 1065:
      (i) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for reporting information.
      (ii) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for establishing various changes to published test procedures.
      (iii) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing test information.
      (iv) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify the specific information and data items to record when measuring emissions.
   (4) We specify the following requirements related to the general compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
      (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
      (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to sending and keeping information.
      (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
      (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
      (v) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to rebuilding engines.
      (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to various exemptions.
      (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to importing engines.
      (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement audit.
      (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
      (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records related to recalling nonconforming engines.
      (xi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G, we specify certain records for requesting a hearing.

283. Revise Appendix I to part 1054 to read as follows:
Appendix I to Part 1054 -- Summary of Previous Emission Standards
The following standards, which EPA originally adopted under 40 CFR part 90, apply to nonroad spark-ignition engines produced before the model years specified in §1054.1:
(a) Handheld engines. (1) Phase 1 standards apply for handheld engines as summarized in the following table starting with model year 1997:
Table 1 to Appendix I -- Phase 1 Emission Standards for Handheld Engines (g/kW-hr)[a]
Engine displacement class
HC
NOx
CO
Class III
295
5.36
805
Class IV
241
5.36
805
Class V
161
5.36
603
[a] Phase 1 standards are based on testing with new engines only.

(2) Phase 2 standards apply for handheld engines as summarized in the following table starting with model year 2002 for Class III and Class IV, and starting in model year 2004 for Class V:
Table 2 to Appendix I -- Phase 2 Emission Standards for Handheld Engines (g/kW-hr)
Engine displacement class
HC + NOx
CO
Class III
50[a]
805
Class IV
50[b]
805
Class V
72[c]
603
[a]Class III engines had alternate HC+NOx standards of 238, 175, and 113 for model years 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively.
[b]Class IV engines had alternate HC+NOx standards of 196, 148, and 99 for model years 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively.
[c]Class V engines had alternate HC+NOx standards of 143, 119, and 96 for model years 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively.

(b) Nonhandheld engines. (1) Phase 1 standards apply for nonhandheld engines as summarized in the following table starting with model year 1997:
Table 3 to Appendix I -- Phase 1 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld Engines (g/kW-hr)[a]
Engine displacement class
HC + NOx
CO
Class I
16.1
519
Class II
13.4
519
[a]Phase 1 standards are based on testing with new engines only.

(2) Phase 2 standards apply for nonhandheld engines as summarized in the following table starting with model year 2001 (except as noted for Class I engines):
Table 4 to Appendix I -- Phase 2 Emission Standards for Nonhandheld Engines (g/kW-hr)
Engine displacement class
HC + NOx
NMHC + NOx
CO
Class I-A
50
 --
610
Class I-B
40
37
610
Class I[a]
16.1
14.8
610
Class II[b]
12.1
11.3
610
[a]The Phase 2 standards for Class I engines apply for new engines produced starting August 1, 2007, and for any engines belonging to an engine model whose original production date was on or after August 1, 2003.
[b]Class II engines had alternate HC+NOx standards of 18.0, 16.6, 15.0, 13.6 and alternate NMHC+NOx standards of 16.7, 15.3, 14.0, 12.7 for model years 2001 through 2004, respectively.

(3) Note that engines subject to Phase 1 standards were not subject to useful life provisions as specified in §1054.107. In addition, engines subject to Phase 1 standards and engines subject to Phase 2 standards were both not subject to the following provisions:
   (i) Evaporative emission standards as specified in §§1054.110 and 1054.112.
   (ii) Altitude adjustments as specified in §1054.115(c).
   (iii) Warranty assurance provisions as specified in §1054.120(f).
   (iv) Emission-related installation instructions as specified in §1054.130.
   (v) Bonding requirements as specified in §1054.690.

284. Revise paragraph (b)(2) of Appendix II to part 1054 to read as follows:
Appendix II to Part 1054 --  Duty Cycles for Laboratory Testing
*	*	*	*	*
(b)	*	*	*
(2) The following duty cycle applies for ramped-modal testing:
RMC Mode [a]
Time in mode (seconds)
Torque (percent) [b, c]
1a Steady-state
41
0
1b Transition
20
Linear transition
2a Steady-state
135
100
2b Transition
20
Linear transition
3a Steady-state
112
10
3b Transition
20
Linear transition
4a Steady-state
337
75
4b Transition
20
Linear transition
5a Steady-state
518
25
5b Transition
20
Linear transition
6a Steady-state
494
50
6b Transition
20
Linear transition
7  Steady-state
43
0
[a]Control engine speed as described in §1054.505.  Control engine speed for Mode 6 as described in §1054.505(c) for idle operation.
[b]Advance from one mode to the next within a 20-second transition phase.  During the transition phase, command a linear progression from the torque setting of the current mode to the torque setting of the next mode.
[c]The percent torque is relative to the value established for full-load torque, as described in §1054.505.

PART 1060 -- CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD AND STATIONARY EQUIPMENT
285. The authority citation for part 1060 continues to read as follows:
Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

286. Amend §1060.1 by revising paragraphs (a)(8), (c), and (d) to read as follows:
§1060.1  Which products are subject to this part's requirements?
(a)	*	*	*
(8) Portable nonroad fuel tanks are considered portable marine fuel tanks for purposes of this part 1060. Portable nonroad fuel tanks and fuel lines associated with such fuel tanks must therefore meet evaporative emission standards specified in 40 CFR 1045.112, whether or not they are used with marine vessels.
*	*	*	*	*
(c) Fuel caps are subject to evaporative emission standards at the point of installation on a fuel tank.  When a fuel cap is certified for use with Marine SI engines or Small SI engines under the optional standards of §1060.103, it becomes subject to all the requirements of this part 1060 as if these optional standards were mandatory.
(d) This part 1060 does not apply to any diesel-fueled engine or any other engine that does not use a volatile liquid fuel.  In addition, this part does not apply to any engines or equipment in the following categories even if they use a volatile liquid fuel:
   (1) Light-duty motor vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
   (2) Heavy-duty motor vehicles and heavy-duty motor vehicle engines (see 40 CFR part 86).  This part 1060 also does not apply to fuel systems for nonroad engines where such fuel systems are subject to part 86 because they are part of a heavy-duty motor vehicle.
   (3) Aircraft engines (see 40 CFR part 87).
   (4) Locomotives (see 40 CFR part 1033).
*	*	*	*	*

287. Amend §1060.5 by revising paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:
§1060.5  Do the requirements of this part apply to me?
*	*	*	*	*
(a)	*	*	*
(1) Each person meeting the definition of manufacturer for a product that is subject to the standards and other requirements of this part must comply with such requirements.  However, if one person complies with a specific requirement for a given product, then all manufacturers are deemed to have complied with that specific requirement.  For example, if a Small SI equipment manufacturer uses fuel lines manufactured and certified by another company, the equipment manufacturer is not required to obtain its own certificate with respect to the fuel line emission standards.  Such an equipment manufacturer remains subject to the standards and other requirements of this part.  However, where a provision requires a specific manufacturer to comply with certain provisions, this paragraph (a) does not change or modify such a requirement.  For example, this paragraph (a) does not allow you to rely on another company to certify instead of you if we specifically require you to certify.
*	*	*	*	*

288. Revise §1060.30 to read as follows:
§1060.30  Submission of information.
Unless we specify otherwise, send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see §1060.801). See §1060.825 for additional reporting and recordkeeping provisions.

289. Amend §1060.104 by revising paragraph (b)(3) to read as follows:
§1060.104  What running loss emission control requirements apply?
*	*	*	*	*
(b)	*	*	*
(3) Get an approved Executive Order or other written approval from the California Air Resources Board showing that your system meets applicable running loss standards in California.
*	*	*	*	*

290. Amend §1060.105 by revising paragraphs (c)(1) and (e) to read as follows:
§1060.105  What diurnal requirements apply for equipment?
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*
(1) They must be self-sealing when detached from the engines. The tanks may not vent to the atmosphere when attached to an engine, except as allowed under paragraph (c)(2) of this section. An integrated or external manually activated device may be included in the fuel tank design to temporarily relieve pressure before refueling or connecting the fuel tank to the engine. However, the default setting for such a vent must be consistent with the requirement in paragraph (c)(2) of this section.
*	*	*	*	*
(e) Manufacturers of nonhandheld Small SI equipment may optionally meet the diurnal emission standards adopted by the California Air Resources Board.  To meet this requirement, equipment must be certified to the performance standards specified in Title 13 CCR § 2754(a) based on the applicable requirements specified in CP-902 and TP-902, including the requirements related to fuel caps in Title 13 CCR § 2756.  Equipment certified under this paragraph (e) does not need to use fuel lines or fuel tanks that have been certified separately.  Equipment certified under this paragraph (e) are subject to all the referenced requirements as if these specifications were mandatory.
*	*	*	*	*

291 Amend §1060.120 by revising paragraphs (b) and (c) to read as follows:
§1060.120  What emission-related warranty requirements apply?
*	*	*	*	*
(b) Warranty period. Your emission-related warranty must be valid for at least two years from the date the equipment is sold to the ultimate purchaser.
(c) Components covered. The emission-related warranty covers all components whose failure would increase the evaporative emissions, including those listed in 40 CFR part 1068, Appendix I, and those from any other system you develop to control emissions.  Your emission-related warranty does not need to cover components whose failure would not increase evaporative emissions.
*	*	*	*	*

292 Amend §1060.130 by revising paragraph (b)(3) to read as follows:
§1060.130  What installation instructions must I give to equipment manufacturers?
*	*	*	*	*
(b)	*	*	*
(3) Describe how your certification is limited for any type of application. For example:
   (i) For fuel tanks sold without fuel caps, you must specify the requirements for the fuel cap, such as the allowable materials, thread pattern, how it must seal, etc.  You must also include instructions to tether the fuel cap as described in §1060.101(f)(1) if you do not sell your fuel tanks with tethered fuel caps. The following instructions apply for specifying a certain level of emission control for fuel caps that will be installed on your fuel tanks:
      (A) If your testing involves a default emission value for fuel cap permeation as specified in §1060.520(b)(5)(ii)(C), specify in your installation instructions that installed fuel caps must either be certified with a Family Emission Limit at or below 30 g/m2/day, or have gaskets made of certain materials meeting the definition of "low-permeability material" in §1060.801.
      (B) If you certify your fuel tanks based on a fuel cap certified with a Family Emission Limit above 30 g/m2/day, specify in your installation instructions that installed fuel caps must either be certified with a Family Emission Limit at or below the level you used for certifying your fuel tanks, or have gaskets made of certain materials meeting the definition of "low-permeability material" in §1060.801.
   (ii) If your fuel lines do not meet permeation standards specified in §1060.102 for EPA Low-Emission Fuel Lines, tell equipment manufacturers not to install the fuel lines with Large SI engines that operate on gasoline or another volatile liquid fuel.
*	*	*	*	*

293. Amend §1060.135 by revising the introductory text and paragraphs (a), (b) introductory text, (b)(2), (b)(3), and (b)(4) to read as follows:
§1060.135  How must I label and identify the engines and equipment I produce?
The labeling requirements of this section apply for all equipment manufacturers that are required to certify their equipment or use certified fuel-system components.  Note that engine manufacturers are also considered equipment manufacturers if they install a complete fuel system on an engine.  See §1060.137 for the labeling requirements that apply separately for fuel lines, fuel tanks, and other fuel-system components.
(a) At the time of manufacture, you must affix a permanent and legible label identifying each engine or piece of equipment.  The label must be -
   (1) Attached in one piece so it is not removable without being destroyed or defaced.
   (2) Secured to a part of the engine or equipment needed for normal operation and not normally requiring replacement.
   (3) Durable and readable for the equipment's entire life.
   (4) Written in English.
   (5) Readily visible in the final installation.  It may be under a hinged door or other readily opened cover.  It may not be hidden by any cover attached with screws or any similar designs.  Labels on marine vessels (except personal watercraft) must be visible from the helm.
(b) If you hold a certificate under this part for your engine or equipment, the engine or equipment label specified in paragraph (a) of this section must -
   *	*	*	*	*(2) Include your corporate name and trademark.  You may identify another company and use its trademark instead of yours if you comply with the branding provisions of 40 CFR 1068.45.
   (3) State the date of manufacture [MONTH and YEAR] of the equipment; however, you may omit this from the label if you stamp, engrave, or otherwise permanently identify it elsewhere on the equipment, in which case you must also describe in your application for certification where you will identify the date on the equipment.
   (4) State: "THIS [equipment, vehicle, boat, etc.] MEETS U.S. EPA EVAP STANDARDS."

*	*	*	*	*

294. Amend §1060.137 by revising paragraphs (a)(4) and (c)(1) to read as follows:
§1060.137  How must I label and identify the fuel-system components I produce?
*	*	*	*	*
(a)	*	*	*
(4) Fuel caps, as described in this paragraph (a)(4).  Fuel caps must be labeled if they are separately certified under §1060.103. If the equipment has a diurnal control system that requires the fuel tank to hold pressure, identify the part number on the fuel cap.
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*
(1) Include your corporate name.  You may identify another company instead of yours if you comply with the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.45.
*	*	*	*	*

295. Amend §1060.205 by revising paragraphs (a) and (m) to read as follows:
§1060.205  What must I include in my application?
*	*	*	*	*
(a) Describe the emission family's specifications and other basic parameters of the emission controls.  Describe how you meet the running loss emission control requirements in §1060.104, if applicable.  Describe how you meet any applicable equipment-based requirements of §1060.101(e) and (f).  State whether you are requesting certification for gasoline or some other fuel type.  List each distinguishable configuration in the emission family. For equipment that relies on one or more certified components, identify the EPA-issued emission family name for all the certified components.
*	*	*	*	*
(m) Report all valid test results. Also indicate whether there are test results from invalid tests or from any other tests of the emission-data unit, whether or not they were conducted according to the test procedures of subpart F of this part.  We may require you to report these additional test results. We may ask you to send other information to confirm that your tests were valid under the requirements of this part.
*	*	*	*	*

296. Amend §1060.225 by revising paragraphs (b) and (g) and adding paragraph (h) to read as follows:
§1060.225  How do I amend my application for certification?
*	*	*	*	*
(b) To amend your application for certification, send the relevant information to the Designated Compliance Officer.
   (1) Describe in detail the addition or change in the configuration you intend to make.
   (2) Include engineering evaluations or data showing that the amended emission family complies with all applicable requirements.  You may do this by showing that the original emission data are still appropriate for showing that the amended family complies with all applicable requirements.
   (3) If the original emission data for the emission family are not appropriate to show compliance for the new or modified configuration, include new test data showing that the new or modified configuration meets the requirements of this part.
   (4) Include any other information needed to make your application correct and complete.
*	*	*	*	*
(g) You may produce equipment or components as described in your amended application for certification and consider those equipment or components to be in a certified configuration if we approve a new or modified configuration during the model year or production period under paragraph (d) of this section. Similarly, you may modify in-use products as described in your amended application for certification and consider those products to be in a certified configuration if we approve a new or modified configuration at any time under paragraph (d) of this section. Modifying a new or in-use product to be in a certified configuration does not violate the tampering prohibition of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(1), as long as this does not involve changing to a certified configuration with a higher family emission limit.
(h) Component manufacturers may not change an emission family's FEL under any circumstances.  Changing the FEL would require submission of a new application for certification.

297. Amend §1060.230 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as follows:
§1060.230  How do I select emission families?
*	*	*	*	*
(d)	*	*	*
(2) Type of material (such as type of charcoal used in a carbon canister).  This criterion does not apply for materials that are unrelated to emission control performance.
*	*	*	*	*

298. Amend §1060.235 by:
a. Revising the section heading;
b. Redesignating paragraph (a) as (h).
c. Redesignating paragraph (b) as paragraph (a) and paragraph (h) as paragraph (b);
c. Revising paragraphs (d) and (e)(1).
The revisions read as follows:
§1060.235  What testing requirements apply for certification?
*	*	*	*	*
(d) We may perform confirmatory testing by measuring emissions from any of your products from the emission family, as follows:
   (1) You must supply your products to us if we choose to perform confirmatory testing. We may require you to deliver your test articles to a facility we designate for our testing.
   (2) If we measure emissions on one of your products, the results of that testing become the official emission results for the emission family.  Unless we later invalidate these data, we may decide not to consider your data in determining if your emission family meets applicable requirements.
(e)	*	*	*
(1) The emission family from the previous production period differs from the current emission family only with respect to production period, items identified in §1060.225(a), or other characteristics unrelated to emissions. We may waive this criterion for differences we determine not to be relevant.
*	*	*	*	*

299. Amend §1060.240 by revising paragraph (e)(2)(i) to read as follows:
§1060.240   How do I demonstrate that my emission family complies with evaporative emission standards?
*	*	*	*	*
(e)	*	*	*
(2) 	*	*	*
(i) You may use the measurement procedures specified by the California Air Resources Board in Attachment 1 to TP-902 to show that canister working capacity is least 3.6 grams of vapor storage capacity per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity (or 1.4 grams of vapor storage capacity per gallon of nominal fuel tank capacity for fuel tanks used in nontrailerable boats).
*	*	*	*	*

300. Amend §1060.250 by revising paragraphs (a)(3)(ii) and (b) to read as follows:
§1060.250  What records must I keep?
(a)	*	*	*
(3)	*	*	*
(ii) All your emission tests (valid and invalid), including the date and purpose of each test and documentation of test parameters described in subpart F of this part.
*	*	*	*	*
(b) Keep required data from emission tests and all other information specified in this section for eight years after we issue your certificate. If you use the same emission data or other information for a later model year, the eight-year period restarts with each year that you continue to rely on the information.
*	*	*	*	*

301. Revise §1060.255 to read as follows:
§1060.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding a certificate of conformity?
(a) If we determine an application is complete and shows that the emission family meets all the requirements of this part and the Clean Air Act, we will issue a certificate of conformity for the emission family for that production period. We may make the approval subject to additional conditions.
(b) We may deny an application for certification if we determine that an emission family fails to comply with emission standards or other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our decision on all available information. If we deny an application, we will explain why in writing.
(c) In addition, we may deny your application or suspend or revoke a certificate of conformity if you do any of the following:
   (1) Refuse to comply with any testing or reporting requirements.
   (2) Submit false or incomplete information. This includes doing anything after submitting an application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete.
   (3) Cause any test data to become inaccurate.
   (4) Deny us from completing authorized activities (see 40 CFR 1068.20). This includes a failure to provide reasonable assistance.
   (5) Produce equipment or components for importation into the United States at a location where local law prohibits us from carrying out authorized activities.
   (6) Fail to supply requested information or amend an application to include all equipment or components being produced.
   (7) Take any action that otherwise circumvents the intent of the Clean Air Act or this part.
(d) We may void a certificate of conformity if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information as required under this part or the Clean Air Act. Note that these are also violations of 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2).
(e) We may void a certificate of conformity if we find that you intentionally submitted false or incomplete information. This includes doing anything after submitting an application that causes submitted information to be false or incomplete.
(f) If we deny an application or suspend, revoke, or void a certificate of conformity, you may ask for a hearing (see §1060.820).

302. Amend §1060.501 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§1060.501  General testing provisions.
*	*	*	*	*
(c) The specification for gasoline to be used for testing is given in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) or (c).  Use the grade of gasoline specified for general testing.  For testing specified in this part that requires blending gasoline and ethanol, blend this grade of neat gasoline with fuel-grade ethanol meeting the specifications of ASTM D4806 (incorporated by reference in §1060.810).  You do not need to measure the ethanol concentration of such blended fuels and may instead calculate the blended composition by assuming that the ethanol is pure and mixes perfectly with the base fuel.  For example, if you mix 10.0 liters of fuel-grade ethanol with 90.0 liters of gasoline, you may assume the resulting mixture is 10.0 percent ethanol.  You may use more pure or less pure ethanol if you can demonstrate that it will not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emission standards.  Note that unless we specify otherwise, any references to gasoline-ethanol mixtures containing a specified ethanol concentration means mixtures meeting the provisions of this paragraph (c). The following table summarizes test fuel requirements for the procedures specified in this subpart:
Procedure
Reference
Test Fuel[a]
Low-Emission Fuel Lines
§1060.510
CE10
Nonroad Fuel Lines
§1060.515
CE10[b]
Cold-Weather Fuel Lines
§1060.515
Splash-blended E10
Fuel tank and fuel cap permeation
§1060.520
Splash-blended E10; manufacturers may instead use CE10
Diurnal
§1060.525
E0
[a]Pre-mixed gasoline blends are specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b). Splash-blended gasoline blends are a mix of neat gasoline specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) and fuel-grade ethanol.
[b]Different fuel specifications apply for fuel lines tested under 40 CFR part 1051 for recreational vehicles, as described in 40 CFR 1051.501.
*	*	*	*	*

303. Amend §1060.505 by revising paragraph (c)(3) to read as follows:
§1060.505  Other procedures.
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*
(3) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent to the specified procedures, or procedures that are more accurate or more precise than the specified procedures. We may perform tests with your equipment using either the approved alternate procedures or the specified procedures.  See 40 CFR 1065.12 for a description of the information that is generally required for such alternate procedures.
*	*	*	*	*

304. Amend §1060.515 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:
§1060.515   How do I test EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines and EPA Cold-Weather Fuel Lines for permeation emissions?
*	*	*	*	*
(a)	*	*	*
(2) For EPA Cold-Weather Fuel Lines, use gasoline blended with ethanol as described in §1060.501(c).
*	*	*	*	*

305. Amend §1060.520 by revising paragraphs (a), (b)(1), (b)(4), (d)(3), (d)(6), (d)(8)(ii), (d)(9), and (e)  to read as follows:
§1060.520  How do I test fuel tanks for permeation emissions?
*	*	*	*	*
(a) Preconditioning durability testing. Take the following steps before an emission test, in any order, if your emission control technology involves surface treatment or other post-processing treatments such as an epoxy coating:
   (1) Pressure cycling.  Perform a pressure test by sealing the fuel tank and cycling it between +13.8 and -3.4 kPa (+2.0 and -0.5 psig) for 10,000 cycles at a rate of 60 seconds per cycle.  The purpose of this test is to represent environmental wall stresses caused by pressure changes and other factors (such as vibration or thermal expansion).  If your fuel tank cannot be tested using the pressure cycles specified by this paragraph (a)(1), you may ask to use special test procedures under §1060.505.
   (2) UV exposure.  Perform a sunlight-exposure test by exposing the fuel tank to an ultraviolet light of at least 24 W/m2 (0.40 W-hr/m2/min) on the fuel tank surface for at least 450 hours.  Alternatively, the fuel tank may be exposed to direct natural sunlight for an equivalent period of time as long as you ensure that the fuel tank is exposed to at least 450 daylight hours.
   (3) Slosh testing.  Perform a slosh test by filling the fuel tank to 40-50 percent of its capacity with the fuel specified in paragraph (e) of this section and rocking it at a rate of 15 cycles per minute until you reach one million total cycles.  Use an angle deviation of +15° to -15° from level. Take steps to ensure that the fuel remains at 40-50 percent of its capacity throughout the test run.
   (4) Cap testing. Perform durability cycles on fuel caps intended for use with handheld equipment by putting the fuel cap on and taking it off 300 times.  Tighten the fuel cap each time in a way that represents the typical in-use experience.
(b)	*	*	*
   (1) Fill the fuel tank to its nominal capacity with the fuel specified in paragraph (e) of this section, seal it, and allow it to soak at 28+-5 °C for at least 20 weeks.  Alternatively, the fuel tank may be soaked for at least 10 weeks at 43 5 °C.  You may count the time of the preconditioning steps in paragraph (a) of this section as part of the preconditioning fuel soak as long as the ambient temperature remains within the specified temperature range and the fuel tank continues to be at least 40 percent full throughout the test; you may add or replace fuel as needed to conduct the specified durability procedures. Void the test if you determine that the fuel tank has any kind of leak.
   *	*	*	*	*
   (4) Allow the fuel tank and its contents to equilibrate to the temperatures specified in paragraph (d)(7) of this section.  Seal the fuel tank as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section once the fuel temperatures are stabilized at the test temperature.  You must seal the fuel tank no more than eight hours after refueling.  Until the fuel tank is sealed, take steps to minimize the vapor losses from the fuel tank, such as keeping the fuel cap loose on the fuel inlet or routing vapors through a vent hose.
   *	*	*	*	*
(d)	*	*	*
   (3) Carefully place the test tank within a temperature-controlled room or enclosure.  Do not spill or add any fuel.
   *	*	*	*	*
   (6) Leave the test tank in the room or enclosure for the duration of the test run, except that you may remove the tank for up to 30 minutes at a time to meet weighing requirements.
   *	*	*	*	*
   (8)	*	*	*
      (ii) If after ten days of testing your r2 value is below 0.95 and your measured value is more than 50 percent of the applicable standard, continue testing for a total of 20 days or until r2 is at or above 0.95.  If r2 is not at or above 0.95 within 20 days of testing, discontinue the test and precondition the test tank further until it has stabilized emission levels, then repeat the testing.
   (9)  Record the difference in mass between the reference tank and the test tank for each measurement.  This value is Mi, where i is a counter representing the number of days elapsed.  Subtract Mi from Mo and divide the difference by the internal surface area of the fuel tank.  Divide this g/m2 value by the number of test days (using at least two decimal places) to calculate the emission rate in g/m2/day.  Example: If a fuel tank with an internal surface area of 0.720 m2 weighed 1.31 grams less than the reference tank at the beginning of the test and weighed 9.86 grams less than the reference tank after soaking for 10.03 days, the emission rate would be-
      	((-1.31 g) - (-9.86 g)) / 0.720 m2 / 10.03 days = 1.1839 g/m2/day
      *	*	*	*	*
(e) Fuel specifications. Use a low-level ethanol-gasoline blend as specified in §1060.501(c). As an alternative, you may use Fuel CE10, as described in §1060.515(a)(1).
*	*	*	*	*

306. Amend §1060.525 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:
§1060.525  How do I test fuel systems for diurnal emissions?
*	*	*	*	*
(a)	*	*
(2) Fill the fuel tank to 40 percent of nominal capacity with the gasoline specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) for general testing.
*	*	*	*	*

307. Amend §1060.601 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(2) to read as follows:
§1060.601  How do the prohibitions of 40 CFR 1068.101 apply with respect to the requirements of this part?
(a) As described in §1060.1, fuel tanks and fuel lines that are used with or intended to be used with new nonroad engines or equipment are subject to evaporative emission standards under this part 1060.  This includes portable marine fuel tanks and fuel lines and other fuel-system components associated with portable marine fuel tanks.  Note that §1060.1 specifies an implementation schedule based on the date of manufacture of nonroad equipment, so new fuel tanks and fuel lines are not subject to standards under this part 1060 if they will be installed for use in equipment built before the specified dates for implementing the appropriate standards, subject to the limitations in paragraph (b) of this section.  Except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section, fuel-system components that are subject to permeation or diurnal emission standards under this part 1060 must be covered by a valid certificate of conformity before being introduced into U.S. commerce to avoid violating the prohibition of 40 CFR 1068.101(a). To the extent we allow it under the exhaust standard-setting part, fuel-system components may be certified with a family emission limit higher than the specified emission standard.
(b)	*	*	*
(2) Applicability of standards after January 1, 2020. Starting January 1, 2020, it is presumed that replacement components will be used with nonroad engines regulated under this part 1060 if they can reasonably be used with such engines.  Manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and importers are therefore obligated to take reasonable steps to ensure that any uncertified components are not used to replace certified components.  This would require labeling the components and may also require restricting the sales and requiring the ultimate purchaser to agree to not use the components inappropriately.  This requirement does not apply for components that are clearly not intended for use with fuels.
*	*	*	*	*

308. Add §1060.610 to subpart G to read as follows:
§1060.610 Temporary exemptions for manufacturing and assembling equipment and fuel-system components.
(a) If you are a certificate holder, you may ship components or equipment requiring further assembly between two of your facilities, subject to the provisions of this paragraph (a).  Unless we approve otherwise, you must maintain ownership and control of the products until they reach their destination.  We may allow for shipment where you do not maintain actual ownership and control of the engines (such as hiring a shipping company to transport the products) but only if you demonstrate that the products will be transported only according to your specifications. Notify us of your intent to use this exemption in your application for certification, if applicable.  Your exemption is effective when we grant your certificate. You may alternatively request an exemption in a separate submission; for example, this would be necessary if you will not be the certificate holder for the products in question. We may require you to take specific steps to ensure that such products are in a certified configuration before reaching the ultimate purchaser. Note that since this is a temporary exemption, it does not allow you to sell or otherwise distribute equipment in an uncertified configuration to ultimate purchasers. Note also that the exempted equipment remains new and subject to emission standards until its title is transferred to the ultimate purchaser or it otherwise ceases to be new.
(b) If you certify equipment, you may ask us at the time of certification for an exemption to allow you to ship your equipment without a complete fuel system.  We will generally approve this only if you can demonstrate that the exemption is necessary and that you will take steps to ensure that equipment assembly will be properly completed before reaching the ultimate purchaser.  We may specify conditions that we determine are needed to ensure that shipping the equipment without such components will not result in the equipment operating with uncertified components or otherwise in an uncertified configuration.  For example, we may require that you ship the equipment to manufacturers that are contractually obligated to install certain components.  See 40 CFR 1068.261.

§1060.640 [Removed]
309. Remove §1060.640.

310. Amend §1060.801 by revising the definitions for "Configuration", "Designated Compliance Officer", "Fuel type", "Model year", "Placed into service", "Portable nonroad fuel tank", and "Small SI" to read as follows:
§1060.801  What definitions apply to this part?
*	*	*	*	*
Configuration means a unique combination of hardware (material, geometry, and size) and calibration within an emission family.  Units within a single configuration differ only with respect to normal production variability or factors unrelated to emissions.
*	*	*	*	*
Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Gasoline Engine Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>*	*	*	*	*
Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or natural gas.  There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type, such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or low-level ethanol-gasoline blends.
*	*	*	*	*
Model year means one of the following things:
(1) For equipment defined as "new nonroad equipment" under paragraph (1) of the definition of "new nonroad engine," model year means one of the following:
   (i) Calendar year of production.
   (ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different than the calendar year.  This must include January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is named.  It may not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the named calendar year.
(2) For other equipment defined as "new nonroad equipment" under paragraph (2) of the definition of "new nonroad engine," model year has the meaning given in the exhaust standard-setting part.
(3) For other equipment defined as "new nonroad equipment" under paragraph (3) or paragraph (4) of the definition of "new nonroad engine," model year means the model year of the engine as defined in the exhaust standard-setting part.
*	*	*	*	*
Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended purpose. Equipment does not qualify as being "placed into service" based on incidental use by a manufacturer or dealer.
*	*	*	*	*
Portable nonroad fuel tank means a fuel tank that meets each of the following criteria:
(1) It has design features indicative of use in portable applications, such as a carrying handle and fuel line fitting that can be readily attached to and detached from a nonroad engine.
(2) It has a nominal fuel capacity of 12 gallons or less.
(3) It is designed to supply fuel to an engine while the engine is operating.
(4) It is not used or intended to be used to supply fuel to a marine engine. Note that portable tanks excluded from this definition of "portable nonroad fuel tank" under this paragraph (4) because of their use with marine engines are portable marine fuel tanks.
*	*	*	*	*
Small SI means relating to engines that are subject to emission standards in 40 CFR part 1054.
*	*	*	*	*

311. Amend §1060.810 by:
a. Removing and reserving paragraph (d); and
b. Revising paragraph (e) introductory text.
The revision reads as follows:
§1060.810  What materials does this part reference?
*	*	*	*	*
(e) American Boat and Yacht Council Material.  The following documents are available from the American Boat and Yacht Council, 613 Third Street, Suite 10, Annapolis, MD 21403 or<PHONE_NUMBER> or http://abycinc.org/:
*	*	*	*	*

312. Revise §1060.815 to read as follows:
§1060.815  What provisions apply to confidential information?
The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider confidential.

313.  Revise §1060.825 to read as follows:
§1060.825  What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply under this part?
(a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available for eight years after you send an associated application for certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do not support an application for certification. We may request these records at any time.  You must promptly give us organized, written records in English if we ask for them.  This applies whether or not you rely on someone else to keep records on your behalf. We may require you to submit written records in an electronic format.
(b) The regulations in §1045.255, 40 CFR 1068.25, and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete information.  This includes information not related to certification. Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal penalties.
(c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see §1060.801).
(d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive from another company is deemed to be a required record under this section.  Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA.  We may require you to send us these records.
(e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations.  The following items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for products regulated under this part:
   (1) We specify the following requirements related to component and equipment certification in this part 1060:
      (i) In §1060.20 we give an overview of principles for reporting information.
      (ii) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of information required to certify engines.
      (iii) In §1060.301 we require manufacturers to make components, engines, or equipment available for our testing if we make such a request, and to keep records related to evaluation of production samples for verifying that the products are as specified in the certificate of conformity.
      (iv) In §1060.505 we specify information needs for establishing various changes to published test procedures.
   (2) We specify the following requirements related to the general compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
      (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
      (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to sending and keeping information.
      (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make equipment available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
      (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
      (v) [Reserved]
      (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to various exemptions.
      (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval related to importing equipment.
      (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records related to testing production-line products in a selective enforcement audit.
      (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
      (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records related to recalling nonconforming equipment.
      (xi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G, we specify certain records for requesting a hearing.

PART 1065 -- ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES
314. The authority citation for part 1065 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 - 7671q.

315. Amend §1065.1 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:
§1065.1  Applicability.
*	*	*	*	*
(g) For additional information regarding these test procedures, visit our Web site at www.epa.gov, and in particular https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-fuel-emissions-testing/engine-testing-regulations.
*	*	*	*	*

316. Amend §1065.2 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:
§1065.2  Submitting information to EPA under this part.
*	*	*	*	*
(c) We may void any certificates or approvals associated with a submission of information if we find that you intentionally submitted false, incomplete, or misleading information.  For example, if we find that you intentionally submitted incomplete information to mislead EPA when requesting approval to use alternate test procedures, we may void the certificates for all engine families certified based on emission data collected using the alternate procedures.  This would also apply if you ignore data from incomplete tests or from repeat tests with higher emission results.
*	*	*	*	*

317. Amend §1065.130 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:
§1065.130  Engine exhaust.
*	*	*	*	*
(e) Leaks. Minimize leaks sufficiently to ensure your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards.  We recommend performing carbon balance error verification as described in §1065.543 to verify exhaust system integrity.
*	*	*	*	*

318. Amend §1065.140 by revising paragraphs (c)(6)(i) and (e)(2) to read as follows:
§1065.140  Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*
(6)	*	*	*
(i) Preventing aqueous condensation.  To prevent condensation, you must keep the temperature of internal surfaces, excluding any sample probes, above the dewpoint of the dilute exhaust passing through the CVS tunnel.  Use good engineering judgment to monitor temperatures in the CVS.  For the purposes of this paragraph (c)(6), assume that aqueous condensation is pure water condensate only, even though the definition of "aqueous condensation" in §1065.1001 includes condensation of any constituents that contain water.  No specific verification check is required under this paragraph (c)(6)(i), but we may ask you to show how you comply with this requirement.  You may use engineering analysis, CVS tunnel design, alarm systems, measurements of wall temperatures, and calculation of water dewpoint to demonstrate compliance with this requirement.  For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the lowest water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the minimum internal surface temperature.
*	*	*	*	*
(e)	*	*	*
(2) For any PM dilution system (i.e., CVS or PFD), add dilution air to the raw exhaust such that the minimum overall ratio of diluted exhaust to raw exhaust is within the range of (5:1 to 7:1) and is at least 2:1 for any primary dilution stage.  Base this minimum value on the maximum engine exhaust flow rate during a given duty cycle for discrete-mode testing and on the maximum engine exhaust flow rate during a given test interval for other testing.  Either measure the maximum exhaust flow during a practice run of the test interval or estimate it based on good engineering judgment (for example, you might rely on manufacturer-published literature).
*	*	*	*	*

319. Amend §1065.145 by revising paragraph (e)(3)(i) to read as follows:
§1065.145  Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling system components.
*	*	*	*	*
(e)	*	*	*
(3)	*	*	*
(i) If you use a NOx sample pump upstream of either an NO2-to-NO converter that meets §1065.378 or a chiller that meets §1065.376, design the sampling system to prevent aqueous condensation.
*	*	*	*	*

320. Amend §1065.170 by revising the introductory text and paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:
§1065.170  Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.
Batch sampling involves collecting and storing emissions for later analysis.  Examples of batch sampling include collecting and storing gaseous emissions in a bag or collecting and storing PM on a filter.  You may use batch sampling to store emissions that have been diluted at least once in some way, such as with CVS, PFD, or BMD.  You may use batch sampling to store undiluted emissions.  You may stop emission sampling anytime the engine is turned off, consistent with good engineering judgment.  This is intended to allow for higher concentrations of dilute exhaust gases and more accurate measurements.  Account for exhaust transport delay in the sampling system and integrate over the actual sampling duration when determining ndexh.  Use good engineering judgment to add dilution air to fill bags up to minimum read volumes, as needed.
(a)	*	*	*
(1) Verify proportional sampling after an emission test as described in §1065.545.  You must exclude from the proportional sampling verification any portion of the test where you are not sampling emissions because the engine is turned off and the batch samplers are not sampling, accounting for exhaust transport delay in the sampling system.  Use good engineering judgment to select storage media that will not significantly change measured emission levels (either up or down).  For example, do not use sample bags for storing emissions if the bags are permeable with respect to emissions or if they off gas emissions to the extent that it affects your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable gaseous emission standards.  As another example, do not use PM filters that irreversibly absorb or adsorb gases to the extent that it affects your ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable PM emission standard.
*	*	*	*	*

321. Revise §1065.205 to read as follows:
§1065.205  Performance specifications for measurement instruments.
Your test system as a whole must meet all the calibrations, verifications, and test-validation criteria specified outside this section for laboratory testing or field testing, as applicable.  We recommend that your instruments meet the specifications in this section for all ranges you use for testing. We also recommend that you keep any documentation you receive from instrument manufacturers showing that your instruments meet the specifications in the following table:

Table 1 of §1065.205 - Recommended Performance Specifications for Measurement Instruments
                            Measurement Instrument
                           Measured quantity symbol
                                Complete System
                 Rise time (t10-90) and Fall time (t90-10)[a]
                                   Recording
                               update frequency
                                  Accuracy[b]
                               Repeatability[b]
                                   Noise[b]
Engine speed transducer
                                      fn
                                      1 s
                                  1 Hz means
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 0.5 % of max.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                0.25 % of max.
                                 0.05 % of max
Engine torque transducer
                                       T
                                      1 s
                                  1 Hz means
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                  1 % of max.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                 0.5 % of max
                                0.05 % of max.
Electrical work (active-power meter)
                                       W
                                      1 s
                                  1 Hz means
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 0.5 % of max.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                0.25 % of max.
                                 0.05 % of max
General pressure transducer (not a part of another instrument)
                                       p
                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                  1 % of max.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                 0.5 % of max.
                                 0.1 % of max
Atmospheric pressure meter for PM-stabilization and balance environments
                                    patmos
                                     50 s
                               5 times per hour
                                     50 Pa
                                     25 Pa
                                     5 Pa
General purpose atmospheric pressure meter
                                    patmos
                                     50 s
                               5 times per hour
                                    250 Pa
                                     100Pa
                                     50 Pa
Temperature sensor for PM-stabilization and balance environments
                                       T
                                     50 s
                                    0.1 Hz
                                    0.25 K
                                     0.1 K
                                     0.1 K
Other temperature sensor (not a part of another instrument)
                                       T
                                     10 s
                                    0.5 Hz
                               0.4 % of pt. K or
                                0.2 % of max. K
                               0.2 % of pt. K or
                                0.1 % of max. K
                                 0.1 % of max.
Dewpoint sensor for intake air, PM-stabilization and balance environments
                                     Tdew
                                     50 s
                                    0.1 Hz
                                    0.25 K
                                     0.1 K
                                    0.02 K
Other dewpoint sensor
                                     Tdew
                                     50 s
                                    0.1 Hz
                                      1 K
                                     0.5 K
                                     0.1 K
Fuel mass flow rate meter[c]

                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 1.5 % of max.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                0.75 % of max.
                                 0.5 % of max.
DEF mass flow rate meter[c]

                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                                 5 % of pt. or
                                  4 % of max.
                                2.5 % of pt. or
                                  2 % of max.
                                1.25 % of max.
Fuel mass scale[d]
                                       m
                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                        0.36 % · mmax + 0.25 % · pt.
                                1.13 % · mmax
                                 4.4 % · mmax
DEF mass scale[d]
                                       m
                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                        0.36 % · mmax + 0.25 % · pt.
                                1.13 % · mmax
                                 4.4 % · mmax
Total diluted exhaust meter (CVS)[c]
(With heat exchanger before meter)

                                      1 s
                                     (5 s)
                                  1 Hz means
                                    (1 Hz)
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 1.5 % of max.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                0.75 % of max.
                                  1 % of max.
Dilution air, inlet air, exhaust, and sample flow meters[c]

                                      1 s
                          1 Hz means of 5 Hz samples
                                2.5 % of pt. or
                                 1.5 % of max.
                               1.25 % of pt. or
                                0.75 % of max.
                                  1 % of max.
Continuous gas analyzer
                                       x
                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 2 % of meas.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                 1 % of meas.
                                  1 % of max.
Batch gas analyzer
                                       x
                                       --
                                       --
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 2 % of meas.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                 1 % of meas.
                                  1 % of max.
Gravimetric PM balance
                                      mPM
                                       --
                                       --
                                See §1065.790
                                    0.5 μg
                                       --
Inertial PM balance
                                      mPM
                                      5 s
                                     1 Hz
                                 2 % of pt. or
                                 2 % of meas.
                                 1 % of pt. or
                                 1 % of meas.
                                 0.2 % of max.
[a]The performance specifications identified in the table apply separately for rise time and fall time.
[b]Accuracy, repeatability, and noise are all determined with the same collected data, as described in §1065.305, and based on absolute values.  "pt." refers to the overall flow-weighted mean value expected at the standard; "max." refers to the peak value expected at the standard over any test interval, not the maximum of the instrument's range; "meas" refers to the actual flow-weighted mean measured over any test interval.
[c]The procedure for accuracy, repeatability, and noise measurement described in §1065.305 may be modified for flow meters to allow noise to be measured at the lowest calibrated value instead of zero flow rate.
[d]Base performance specifications for mass scales on differential mass over the test interval as described in §1065.307(e)(9).

322. Amend §1065.220 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text to read as follows:
§1065.220  Fuel flow meter.
(a) Application.  You may use fuel flow meters in combination with a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and raw exhaust to calculate raw exhaust flow as described in §1065.655(f).  You may also use fuel flow meters to determine the mass flow rate of carbon-carrying fuel streams for performing carbon balance error verification in §1065.543 and to calculate the mass of those fuel streams as described in §1065.643. The following provisions apply for using fuel flow meters:
*	*	*	*	*

323. Amend §1065.225 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text to read as follows:
§1065.225  Intake-air flow meter.
(a) Application.  You may use intake-air flow meters in combination with a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and raw exhaust to calculate raw exhaust flow as described in §1065.655(f) and (g).  You may also use intake-air flow meters to determine the amount of intake air input for performing carbon balance error verification in §1065.543 and to calculate the measured amount of intake air, nint, as described in §1065.643. The following provisions apply for using intake air flow meters:
*	*	*	*	*

324. Revise §1065.247 to read as follows:
§1065.247  Diesel exhaust fluid flow rate.
(a) Application.  Determine diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) flow rate over a test interval for batch or continuous emission sampling using one of the three methods described in this section.
(b) ECM.  Use the ECM signal directly to determine DEF flow rate.  You may combine this with a gravimetric scale if that improves measurement quality.  Prior to testing, you may characterize the ECM signal using a laboratory measurement and adjust the ECM signal, consistent with good engineering judgment.
(c) Flow meter.  Measure DEF flow rate with a flow meter.  We recommend that the flow meter that meets the specifications in Table 1 of §1065.205.  Note that your overall system for measuring DEF flow must meet the linearity verification in §1065.307.  Measure using the following procedure:
(1) Condition the flow of DEF as needed to prevent wakes, eddies, circulating flows, or flow pulsations from affecting the accuracy or repeatability of the meter.  You may accomplish this by using a sufficient length of straight tubing (such as a length equal to at least 10 pipe diameters) or by using specially designed tubing bends, straightening fins, or pneumatic pulsation dampeners to establish a steady and predictable velocity profile upstream of the meter.  Condition the flow as needed to prevent any gas bubbles in the fluid from affecting the flow meter.
(2) Account for any fluid that bypasses the DEF dosing unit or returns from the dosing unit to the fluid storage tank.
(d) Gravimetric scale.  Use a gravimetric scale to determine the mass of DEF the engine uses over a discrete-mode test interval and divide by the time of the test interval.

325. Amend §1065.260 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:
§1065.260  Flame-ionization detector.
*	*	*	*	*
(e) NMHC and NMOG.  For demonstrating compliance with NMHC standards, you may either measure THC and determine NMHC mass as described in §1065.660(b)(1), or you may measure THC and CH4 and determine NMHC as described in §1065.660(b)(2) or (3).  You may also use the additive method in §1065.660(b)(4) for natural gas-fueled engines as described in §1065.266.  See 40 CFR 1066.635 for methods to demonstrate compliance with NMOG standards for vehicle testing.
*	*	*	*	*

326. Amend §1065.266 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as follows:
§1065.266  Fourier transform infrared analyzer.
(a) Application.  For engines that run only on natural gas, you may use a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer to measure nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and nonmethane-nonethane hydrocarbon (NMNEHC) for continuous sampling.  You may use an FTIR analyzer with any gaseous-fueled engine, including dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines, to measure CH4 and C2H6, for either batch or continuous sampling (for subtraction from THC).
(b) Component requirements.  We recommend that you use an FTIR analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of §1065.205.  Note that your FTIR-based system must meet the linearity verification in §1065.307.  Use appropriate analytical procedures for interpretation of infrared spectra.  For example, EPA Test Method 320 (see https://www.epa.gov/emc/method-320-vapor-phase-organic-and-inorganic-emissions-extractive-ftir) and ASTM D6348 (incorporated by reference in §1065.1010) are considered valid methods for spectral interpretation.  You must use heated FTIR analyzers that maintain all surfaces that are exposed to emissions at a temperature of (110 to 202) °C.
*	*	*	*	*

327. Amend §1065.275 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:
§1065.275  N2O measurement devices.
*	*	*	*	*
(b)	*	*	*
(2) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer.  Use appropriate analytical procedures for interpretation of infrared spectra.  For example, EPA Test Method 320 (see §1065.266(b)) and ASTM D6348 (incorporated by reference in §1065.1010) are considered valid methods for spectral interpretation.
*	*	*	*	*

328. Amend §1065.280 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:
§1065.280  Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O2 detection analyzers.
(a) Application.  You may use a paramagnetic detection (PMD) or magnetopneumatic detection (MPD) analyzer to measure O2 concentration in raw or diluted exhaust for batch or continuous sampling. You may use good engineering judgment to develop calculations that use O2 measurements with a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and exhaust to calculate exhaust flow rate.
*	*	*	*	*

329. Revise §1065.303 to read as follows:
§1065.303  Summary of required calibration and verifications.
The following table summarizes the required and recommended calibrations and verifications described in this subpart and indicates when these have to be performed:
   Table 1 of §1065.303 - Summary of Required Calibration and Verifications
                      Type of calibration or verification
                             Minimum frequency[a]
§1065.305: Accuracy, repeatability and noise
Accuracy: Not required, but recommended for initial installation.
Repeatability: Not required, but recommended for initial installation.
Noise: Not required, but recommended for initial installation.
§1065.307: Linearity verification
Speed: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.
Torque: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.
Electrical power, current, and voltage: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.[b]
Fuel mass flow rate: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Fuel mass scale: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
DEF mass flow rate: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.[c]
DEF mass scale: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Intake-air, dilution air, diluted exhaust, and batch sampler flow rates: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.[d]
Raw exhaust flow rate: Upon initial installation, within 185 days before testing and after major maintenance.[d]
Gas dividers: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Gas analyzers (unless otherwise noted): Upon initial installation, within 35 days before testing and after major maintenance.
FTIR and photoacoustic analyzers: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.
GC-ECD: Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
PM balance: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.
Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint: Upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance.
§1065.308: Continuous gas analyzer system response and updating-recording verification -- for gas analyzers not continuously compensated for other gas species
Upon initial installation or after system modification that would affect response.
§1065.309: Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording verification -- for gas analyzers continuously compensated for other gas species
Upon initial installation or after system modification that would affect response.
§1065.310: Torque
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.315: Pressure, temperature, dewpoint
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.320: Fuel flow
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.325: Intake flow
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.330: Exhaust flow
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.340: Diluted exhaust flow (CVS)
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.341: CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check)
Upon initial installation, within 35 days before testing, and after major maintenance.[e]
§1065.342 Sample dryer verification
For thermal chillers: upon installation and after major maintenance.
For osmotic membranes; upon installation, within 35 days of testing, and after major maintenance.
§1065.345: Vacuum leak
For laboratory testing: upon initial installation of the sampling system, within 8 hours before the start of the first test interval of each duty-cycle sequence, and after maintenance such as pre-filter changes.
For field testing: after each installation of the sampling system on the vehicle, prior to the start of the field test, and after maintenance such as pre-filter changes.
§1065.350: CO2 NDIR H2O interference
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.355: CO NDIR CO2 and H2O interference
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.360: FID calibration
THC FID optimization, and THC FID verification
Calibrate all FID analyzers: upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
Optimize and determine CH4 response for THC FID analyzers: upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
Verify CH4 response for THC FID analyzers: upon initial installation, within 185 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Verify C2H6 response for THC FID analyzers if used for NMNEHC determination: upon initial installation, within 185 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
§1065.362: Raw exhaust FID O2 interference
For all FID analyzers: upon initial installation, and after major maintenance.
For THC FID analyzers: upon initial installation, after major maintenance, and after FID optimization according to §1065.360.
§1065.365: Nonmethane cutter penetration
Upon initial installation, within 185 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
§1065.366: Interference verification for FTIR analyzers
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.369: H2O, CO, and CO2 interference verification for ethanol photoacoustic analyzers
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.370: CLD CO2 and H2O quench
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.372: NDUV HC and H2O interference
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.375: N2O analyzer interference
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.376: Chiller NO2 penetration
Upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
§1065.378: NO2-to-NO converter conversion
Upon initial installation, within 35 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
§1065.390: PM  balance and weighing
Independent verification: upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Zero, span, and reference sample verifications: within 12 hours of weighing, and after major maintenance.
§1065.395: Inertial PM  balance and weighing
Independent verification: upon initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major maintenance.
Other verifications: upon initial installation and after major maintenance.
[a]Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently than we specify, according to measurement system manufacturer instructions and good engineering judgment.
[b]Perform linearity verification either for electrical power or for current and voltage.
[c]Linearity verification is not required if DEF flow rate comes directly from the ECM signal as described in §1065.247(b).
[d]Linearity verification is not required if the flow signal's accuracy is verified by carbon balance error verification as described in §1065.307(e)(5) or a propane check as described in §1065.341.
[e]CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check) is not required for measurement systems verified by linearity verification as described in §1065.307 or carbon balance error verification as described in §1065.341(h).

330. Amend §1065.307 by -
a. Revising paragraphs (c)(13), (d)(4), (d)(6)(i), (d)(7), (d)(9), (e)(3), and (e)(5).
b. Adding paragraphs (e)(7)(i)(F) and (G), (f), and (g).
The added and revised paragraphs read as follows:
§1065.307  Linearity verification.
*	*	*	*	*
(c)	*	*	*	*
(13) Use the arithmetic means, , and reference values, yrefi, to calculate least-squares linear regression parameters and statistical values to compare to the minimum performance criteria specified in Table 1 of this section.  Use the calculations for a floating intercept described in §1065.602.  Using good engineering judgment, you may weight the results of individual data pairs (i.e., (yrefi, )), in the linear regression calculations.
(d)	*	*	*
(4) Fuel and DEF mass flow rate.  Use a gravimetric reference measurement (such as a scale, balance, or mass comparator) and a container.  Use a stopwatch or timer to measure the time intervals over which reference masses of fluid pass through the mass flow rate meter.  Use good engineering judgment to correct the reference mass flowing through the mass flow rate meter for buoyancy effects from any tubes, temperature probes, or objects submerged in the fluid in the container that are not attached to the container.  If the container has any tubes or wires connected to the container, recalibrate the gravimetric reference measurement device with them connected and at normal operating pressure using calibration weights that meet the requirements in §1065.790.  The corrected reference mass that flowed through the mass flow rate meter during a time interval divided by the duration of the time interval is the average reference mass flow rate.  For meters that report a different quantity (such as actual volume, standard volume, or moles), convert the reported quantity to mass.  For meters that report a cumulative quantity calculate the average measured mass flow rate as the difference in the reported cumulative mass during the time interval divided by the duration of the time interval.  For measuring flow rate of gaseous fuel prevent condensation on the fuel container and any attached tubes, fittings, or regulators.
*	*	*	*	*
(6)	*	*	*
(i) At the outlet of the gas-division system, connect a gas analyzer that meets the linearity verification described in this section and has not been linearized with the gas divider being verified.  For example, verify the linearity of an analyzer using a series of reference analytical gases directly from compressed gas cylinders that meet the specifications of §1065.750.  We recommend using a FID analyzer or a PMD or MPD O2 analyzer because of their inherent linearity.  Operate this analyzer consistent with how you would operate it during an emission test.  Connect a span gas containing only a single constituent of interest with balance of purified air or purified N2 to the gas-divider inlet.  Use the gas-division system to divide the span gas with purified air or nitrogen.  Select gas divisions that you typically use.  Use a selected gas division as the measured value.  Use the analyzer response divided by the span gas concentration as the reference gas-division value.  Because the instrument response is not absolutely constant, sample and record values of xrefi for 30 seconds and use the arithmetic mean of the values, , as the reference value.  Refer to §1065.602 for an example of calculating arithmetic mean.
*	*	*	*	*
(7) Continuous constituent concentration.  For reference values, use a series of gas cylinders of known gas concentration containing only a single constituent of interest with balance of purified air or purified N2 or use a gas-division system that is known to be linear with a span gas.  Gas cylinders, gas-division systems, and span gases that you use for reference values must meet the specifications of §1065.750.
*	*	*	*	*
(9) Mass.  For linearity verification for gravimetric PM balances, fuel mass scales, and DEF mass scales, use external calibration weights that meet the requirements in §1065.790.  Perform the linearity verification for fuel mass scales and DEF mass scales with the in-use container, installing all objects that interface with the container.  For example, this includes all tubes, temperature probes, and objects submerged in the fluid in the container; it also includes tubes, fittings, regulators, and wires, and any other objects attached to the container.  We recommend that you develop and apply appropriate buoyancy corrections for the configuration of your mass scale during normal testing, consistent with good engineering judgment.  Account for the scale weighing a calibration weight instead of fluid if you calculate buoyancy corrections.  You may also correct for the effect of natural convection currents from temperature differences between the container and ambient air.  Prepare for linearity verification by taking the following steps for vented and unvented containers:
(i) If the container is vented to ambient, fill the container and tubes with fluid above the minimum level used to trigger a fill operation; drain the fluid down to the minimum level; tare the scale; and perform the linearity verification.
(ii) If the container is rigid and not vented, drain the fluid down to the minimum level; fill all tubes attached to the container to normal operating pressure; tare the scale; and perform the linearity verification.
(e)	*	*	*
(3) The expression "max" generally refers to the absolute value of the reference value used during linearity verification that is furthest from zero.  This is the value used to scale the first and third tolerances in Table 1 of this section using a0 and SEE.  For example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure transducer vary from  - 10 to  - 1 kPa, then pmax is +10 kPa.  If the reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from 290 to 390 K, then Tmax is 390 K.  For gas dividers where "max" is expressed as, xmax/xspan; xmax is the maximum gas concentration used during the verification, xspan is the undivided, undiluted, span gas concentration, and the resulting ratio is the maximum divider point reference value used during the verification (typically 1).  The following are special cases where "max" refers to a different value:
(i) For linearity verification of a PM balance, mmax is the typical mass of a PM filter.
(ii) For linearity verification of a torque measurement system used with the engine's primary output shaft, Tmax is the manufacturer's specified peak torque of the lowest torque engine expected during testing.
(iii) For linearity verification of a fuel mass scale, mmax is determined based on the range of engines and test interval durations expected during testing.  It is the minimum, over all engines expected during testing, of the fuel consumption expected over the minimum test interval duration at the engine's maximum fuel rate.  If the minimum test interval duration used during testing does not change with engine power or if the minimum test interval duration used during testing increases with engine power, mmax is given by Eq. 1065.307-1.  Calculate mmax using the following equation:

      Eq. 1065.307-1
Where:
= the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel rate on the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
tmin = the minimum test interval duration expected during testing.  If the minimum test interval duration decreases with engine power, evaluate Eq. 1065.307-1 for the range of engines expected during testing and use the minimum calculated value of mmax,fuel scale.
(iv) For linearity verification of a DEF mass scale, mmax is 10 % of the value determined for a fuel mass scale in paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of this section.   You may determine mmax for a DEF mass scale by evaluating mmax for a fuel mass scale based only on the DEF-using engines expected during testing.
(v) For linearity verification of a fuel flow rate meter, is the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel rate of the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
(vi) For linearity verification of a DEF flow rate meter,  is 10 % of the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel rate of the lowest-power DEF-using engine expected during testing.
(vii) For linearity verification of an intake-air flow rate meter,  is the manufacturer's specified maximum intake-air flow rate (converted to molar flow rate) of the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
(viii) For linearity verification of a raw exhaust flow rate meter,  is the manufacturer's specified maximum exhaust flow rate (converted to molar flow rate) of the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
(ix) For linearity verification of an electrical-power measurement system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque, Pmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum power of the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
(x) For linearity verification of an electrical-current measurement system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque, Imax is the maximum current expected on the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
(xi) For linearity verification of an electrical-voltage measurement system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque, Vmax is the minimum peak voltage expected on the range of engines expected during testing.
*	*	*	*	*
(5) Table 2 of this section describes optional verification procedures you may perform instead of linearity verification for certain systems.  The following provisions apply for the alternative verification procedures:
(i) Perform the propane check verification described in §1065.341 at the frequency specified in Table 1 of §1065.303.
(ii) Perform the carbon balance error verification described in §1065.543 on all test sequences that use the corresponding system.  It must also meet the restrictions listed in Table 2 of this section.  You may evaluate the carbon balance error verification multiple ways with different inputs to validate multiple flow-measurement systems.
*	*	*	*	*
(7)	*	*	*
(i) 	*	*	*
(F) Transmission oil.
(G) Axle gear oil.
*	*	*	*	*
(f) Table 1 follows:
Table 1 of §1065.307 - Measurement Systems that Require Linearity Verification
                              Measurement system
                                   Quantity
                              Linearity criteria

                              | xmin(a1 - 1)+a0 |
                                      a1
                                      SEE
                                     r[2]
Speed
                                      fn
                             <= 0.05 % ∙ fnmax
                                   0.98-1.02
                                  <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Torque
                                       T
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Electrical power
                                       P
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Current
                                       I
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Voltage
                                       U
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Fuel flow rate

                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Fuel mass scale
                                       m
                              <= 0.3 % ∙ mmax
                                  0.996-1.004
                              <= 0.4 % ∙ mmax
                                   >= 0.999
DEF flow rate

                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
DEF mass scale
                                       m
                              <= 0.3 % ∙ mmax
                                  0.996-1.004
                              <= 0.4 % ∙ mmax
                                   >= 0.999
Intake-air
flow rate[a]
                               \s \* MERGEFORMAT
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Dilution air
flow rate[a]
                               \s \* MERGEFORMAT
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Diluted exhaust
flow rate[a]
                               \s \* MERGEFORMAT
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Raw exhaust
flow rate[a]
                               \s \* MERGEFORMAT
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Batch sampler
flow rates[a]
                               \s \* MERGEFORMAT
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.98-1.02
                                 <= 2 % ∙
                                   >= 0.990
Gas dividers
                                    x/xspan
                           <= 0.5 % ∙ xmax/xspan
                                   0.98-1.02
                            <= 2 % ∙  xmax/xspan
                                   >= 0.990
Gas analyzers for laboratory testing
                                       x
                                <= 0.5 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
Gas analyzers for field testing
                                       x
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
PM balance
                                       m
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
Pressures
                                       p
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
Dewpoint for intake air, PM-stabilization and balance environments
                                     Tdew
                                <= 0.5 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 0.5 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
Other dewpoint measurements
                                     Tdew
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
Analog-to-digital conversion of temperature signals
                                       T
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   0.99-1.01
                                 <= 1 % ∙
                                   >= 0.998
[a]For flow meters that determine volumetric flow rate, , you may substitute for  as the quantity and substitute for .

(g) Table 2 follows:
    Table 2 of §1065.307 - Optional Verification to Linearity Verification
                              Measurement system
                                  §1065.341
                                  §1065.543
                          Restrictions for §1065.543
Intake-air flow rate
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Determine raw exhaust flow rate using the intake-air flow rate signal as an input into Eq. 1065.655-24 and determine mass of CO2 over each test interval input into Eq. 1065.643-6 using samples taken from the raw exhaust (continuous or bag, and with or without a PFD).
Dilution air flow rate for CVS
                                      Yes
                                      No
Not allowed.
Diluted exhaust flow rate for CVS
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Determine mass of CO2 over each test interval input into Eq. 1065.643-6 using samples taken from the CVS (continuous or bag, and with or without a PFD).
Raw exhaust flow rate for exhaust stack
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Determine mass of CO2 over each test interval input into Eq. 1065.643-6 using samples taken from the raw exhaust (continuous or bag, and with or without a PFD).
Flow measurements in a PFD (usually dilution air and diluted exhaust streams) used to determine the dilution ratio in the PFD
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
Determine mass of CO2 over each test interval input into Eq. 1065.643-6 using samples taken from the PFD (continuous or bag).
Batch sampler flow rates
                                      Yes
                                      No
Not allowed.
Fuel mass flow rate
                                      No
                                      Yes
Determine mass of a carbon-carrying fluid stream used as an input into Eq. 1065.643-1 using the fuel mass flow rate meter.
Fuel mass scale
                                      No
                                      Yes
Determine mass of a carbon-carrying fluid stream used as an input into Eq. 1065.643-1 using the fuel mass scale.

331. Amend §1065.309 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as follows:
§1065.309  Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-recording verification -- for gas analyzers continuously compensated for other gas species.
*	*	*	*	*
(d)	*	*	*
(2) Equipment setup.  We recommend using minimal lengths of gas transfer lines between all connections and fast-acting three-way valves (2 inlets, 1 outlet) to control the flow of zero and blended span gases to the sample system's probe inlet or a tee near the outlet of the probe.  If you inject the gas at a tee near the outlet of the probe, you may correct the transformation time, t50, for an estimate of the transport time from the probe inlet to the tee.  Normally the gas flow rate is higher than the sample flow rate and the excess is overflowed out the inlet of the probe.  If the gas flow rate is lower than the sample flow rate, the gas concentrations must be adjusted to account for the dilution from ambient air drawn into the probe.  We recommend you use the final, stabilized analyzer reading as the final gas concentration.   Select span gases for the species being continuously combined, other than H2O.  Select concentrations of compensating species that will yield concentrations of these species at the analyzer inlet that covers the range of concentrations expected during testing.  You may use binary or multi-gas span gases.  You may use a gas blending or mixing device to blend span gases.  A gas blending or mixing device is recommended when blending span gases diluted in N2 with span gases diluted in air.  You may use a multi-gas span gas, such as NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-CH4, to verify multiple analyzers at the same time. In designing your experimental setup, avoid pressure pulsations due to stopping the flow through the gas blending device.  The change in gas concentration must be at least 20 % of the analyzer's range.  If H2O correction is applicable, then span gases must be humidified before entering the analyzer; however, you may not humidify NO2 span gas by passing it through a sealed humidification vessel that contains H2O.  You must humidify NO2 span gas with another moist gas stream.  We recommend humidifying your NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-CH4, balance N2, blended gas by bubbling the gas mixture that meets the specifications in §1065.750 through distilled H2O in a sealed vessel and then mixing the gas with dry NO2 gas, balance purified air, or by using a device that introduces distilled H2O as vapor into a controlled span gas flow.  If the sample does not pass through a dryer during emission testing, humidify your span gas to an H2O level at or above the maximum expected during emission testing.  If the sample passes through a dryer during emission testing, it must pass the sample dryer verification check in §1065.342, and you must humidify your span gas to an H2O level at or above the level determined in §1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer.  If you are humidifying span gases without NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the humidifying system to the probe are above the dewpoint required for the target H2O content.  If you are humidifying span gases with NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure that there is no condensation in the transfer lines, fittings, or valves from the point where humidified gas is mixed with NO2 span gas to the probe.  We recommend that you design your setup so that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the humidifying system to the probe are at least 5 ºC above the local sample gas dewpoint.  Operate the measurement and sample handling system as you do for emission testing.  Make no modifications to the sample handling system to reduce the risk of condensation.  Flow humidified gas through the sampling system before this check to allow stabilization of the measurement system's sampling handling system to occur, as it would for an emission test.
*	*	*	*	*

§1065.320 -- [Amended]
332. Amend §1065.320 by removing and reserving paragraph (b).

333. Revise §1065.341 to read as follows:
§1065.341  CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check).
This section describes two optional methods, using propane as a tracer gas, to verify CVS and PFD flow streams.  You may use good engineering judgment and safe practices to use other tracer gases, such as CO2 or CO.  The first method, described in paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section, applies for the CVS diluted exhaust flow measurement system.  It may also apply for other single-flow measurement systems as described in Table 2 of §1065.307.  Paragraph (g) of this section describes a second method you may use to verify flow measurements in a PFD for determining the PFD dilution ratio.
(a) A propane check uses either a reference mass or a reference flow rate of C3H8 as a tracer gas in a CVS.  Note that if you use a reference flow rate, account for any non-ideal gas behavior of C3H8 in the reference flow meter.  Refer to §1065.640 and §1065.642, which describe how to calibrate and use certain flow meters.  Do not use any ideal gas assumptions in §1065.640 and §1065.642.  The propane check compares the calculated mass of injected C3H8 using HC measurements and CVS flow rate measurements with the reference value.
(b) Prepare for the propane check as follows:
(1) If you use a reference mass of C3H8 instead of a reference flow rate, obtain a cylinder charged with C3H8.  Determine the reference cylinder's mass of C3H8 within +-0.5 % of the amount of C3H8 that you expect to use.  You may substitute a C3H8 analytical gas mixture (i.e., a prediluted tracer gas) for pure C3H8. This would be most appropriate for lower flow rates.  The analytical gas mixture must meet the specifications in §1065.750(a)(3).
(2) Select appropriate flow rates for the CVS and C3H8.
(3) Select a C3H8 injection port in the CVS.  Select the port location to be as close as practical to the location where you introduce engine exhaust into the CVS, or at some point in the laboratory exhaust tubing upstream of this location.  Connect the C3H8 cylinder to the injection system.
(4) Operate and stabilize the CVS.
(5) Preheat or pre-cool any heat exchangers in the sampling system.
(6) Allow heated and cooled components such as sample lines, filters, chillers, and pumps to stabilize at operating temperature.
(7) You may purge the HC sampling system during stabilization.
(8) If applicable, perform a vacuum side leak verification of the HC sampling system as described in §1065.345.
(9) You may also conduct any other calibrations or verifications on equipment or analyzers.
(c) If you performed the vacuum-side leak verification of the HC sampling system as described in paragraph (b)(8) of this section, you may use the HC contamination procedure in §1065.520(f) to verify HC contamination. Otherwise, zero, span, and verify contamination of the HC sampling system, as follows:
(1)  Select the lowest HC analyzer range that can measure the C3H8 concentration expected for the CVS and C3H8 flow rates.
(2) Zero the HC analyzer using zero air introduced at the analyzer port.
(3) Span the HC analyzer using C3H8 span gas introduced at the analyzer port.
(4) Overflow zero air at the HC probe inlet or into a tee near the outlet of the probe.
(5)  Measure the stable HC concentration of the HC sampling system as overflow zero air flows.  For batch HC measurement, fill the batch container (such as a bag) and measure the HC overflow concentration.
(6) If the overflow HC concentration exceeds 2 μmol/mol, do not proceed until contamination is eliminated.  Determine the source of the contamination and take corrective action, such as cleaning the system or replacing contaminated portions.
(7) When the overflow HC concentration does not exceed 2 μmol/mol, record this value as xTHCinit and use it to correct for HC contamination as described in §1065.660.
(d) Perform the propane check as follows:
(1) For batch HC sampling, connect clean storage media, such as evacuated bags.
(2) Operate HC measurement instruments according to the instrument manufacturer's instructions.
(3) If you will correct for dilution air background concentrations of HC, measure and record background HC in the dilution air.
(4) Zero any integrating devices.
(5) Begin sampling, and start any flow integrators.
(6) Release the contents of the C3H8 reference cylinder at the rate you selected.  If you use a reference flow rate of C3H8, start integrating this flow rate.
(7) Continue to release the cylinder's contents until at least enough C3H8 has been released to ensure accurate quantification of the reference C3H8 and the measured C3H8.
(8) Shut off the C3H8 reference cylinder and continue sampling until you have accounted for time delays due to sample transport and analyzer response.
(9) Stop sampling and stop any integrators.
(e) Perform post-test procedure as follows:
(1) If you used batch sampling, analyze batch samples as soon as practical.
(2) After analyzing HC, correct for contamination and background.
(3) Calculate total C3H8 mass based on your CVS and HC data as described in §1065.650 (40 CFR 1066.605 for vehicle testing) and §1065.660, using the molar mass of C3H8, MC3H8, instead the effective molar mass of HC, MHC.
(4) If you use a reference mass, determine the cylinder's propane mass within +-0.5 % and determine the C3H8 reference mass by subtracting the empty cylinder propane mass from the full cylinder propane mass.
(5) Subtract the reference C3H8 mass from the calculated mass.  If this difference is within +-2 % of the reference mass, the CVS passes this verification.  If not, take corrective action as described in paragraph (f) of this section.
(f) A failed propane check might indicate one or more problems requiring corrective action, as follows:
                                    Problem
                         Recommended Corrective Action
Incorrect analyzer calibration
Recalibrate, repair, or replace the FID analyzer.
Leaks
Inspect CVS tunnel, connections, fasteners, and HC sampling system.  Repair or replace components.
Poor mixing
Perform the verification as described in this section while traversing a sampling probe across the tunnel's diameter, vertically and horizontally.  If the analyzer response indicates any deviation exceeding +-2 % of the mean measured concentration, consider operating the CVS at a higher flow rate or installing a mixing plate or orifice to improve mixing.
Hydrocarbon contamination in the sample system
Perform the hydrocarbon-contamination verification as described in §1065.520.
Change in CVS calibration
Perform a calibration of the CVS flow meter as described in §1065.340.
Flow meter entrance effects
Inspect the CVS tunnel to determine whether the entrance effects from the piping configuration upstream of the flow meter adversely affect the flow measurement.
Other problems with the CVS or sampling verification hardware or software
Inspect the CVS system and related verification hardware, and software for discrepancies.

(g) You may verify flow measurements in a PFD (usually dilution air and diluted exhaust streams) for determining the dilution ratio in the PFD using the following method:
(1) Configure the HC sampling system to extract a sample from the PFD's diluted exhaust stream (such as near a PM filter).  If the absolute pressure at this location is too low to extract an HC sample, you may sample HC from the PFD's pump exhaust.  Use caution when sampling from pump exhaust because an otherwise acceptable pump leak downstream of a PFD diluted exhaust flow meter will cause a false failure of the propane check.
(2) Perform the propane check described in paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section, but sample HC from the PFD's diluted exhaust stream.  Inject the propane in the same exhaust stream that the PFD is sampling from (either CVS or raw exhaust stack).
(3) Calculate C3H8 mass, taking into account the dilution from the PFD.