(p)(2) The extrapolated OBD ratings as defined in paragraph (o)(3) of
this section shall not be evaluated against emissions levels for
purposes of OBD compliance in-use.

(p)(3) Only the test cycle and standard determined and identified by the
manufacturer at the time of certification in accordance with
§86.010-18(f) as the most stringent shall be used for the purpose of
determining OBD system noncompliance in-use.

(p)(4) For monitors subject to meeting the minimum in-use monitor
performance ratio of 0.100 in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, the
OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant unless a representative
sample indicates the in-use ratio is below 0.050.

(p)(5) An OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant solely due to
a failure or deterioration mode of a monitored component or system that
could not have been reasonably foreseen to occur by the manufacturer.

§ 86.013-30	Certification.

Section 86.013–30 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from §86.010–30. Where a paragraph in §86.010–30 is
identical and applicable to §86.013–30, this may be indicated by
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement “[Reserved].
For guidance see §86.010–30.”

(a) thru (e)

(a) introductory text through (f)(1)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see
§86.010-30.

(f) OBD certification

(f)(1)(ii) Diesel.

(f)(1)(ii)(A) If monitored for emissions performance—a reduction
catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an
electronic simulation of such, resulting in exhaust NOx emissions
exceeding the applicable NOx FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr.  Also if monitored for
emissions performance—an oxidation catalyst is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the applicable
NMHC standard.

(f)(1)(ii)(B) If monitored for performance—a particulate trap is
replaced with a deteriorated or defective trap, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in either exhaust PM emissions exceeding
the applicable FEL+0.04 g/bhp-hr or 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is
higher; or, exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the applicable NMHC
standard.  Also, if monitored for performance—a particulate trap is
replaced with a catastrophically failed trap or a simulation of such.

(f)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.004-30.

(f)(3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices.

(f)(3)(i)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.007-30.

(f)(3)(i)(B) Diesel. If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio
sensor located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM FEL+0.04 g/bhp-hr or 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is
higher; or, the applicable NOx FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr; or, 2 times the
applicable NMHC standard.

(f)(3)(ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices.

(f)(3)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.007-30.

(f)(3)(ii)(B) Diesel. If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel
ratio sensor located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with
a deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM FEL+0.02 g/bhp-hr or 0.03 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is
higher; or, the applicable NOx FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr; or, 2 times the
applicable NMHC standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard.

(f)(3)(iii) NOx sensors.

(f)(3)(iii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.007-30.

(f)(3)(iii)(B) Diesel. If so equipped, any NOx sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM FEL+0.04 g/bhp-hr or 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is
higher; or, the applicable NOx FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr.

(f)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.010-30.

(f)(5)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.007-30.

(f)(5)(ii) Diesel. A malfunction condition is induced in any
emission-related engine system or component, including but not
necessarily limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if
equipped, and the fuel control system, singularly resulting in exhaust
emissions exceeding any of the following levels: the applicable PM
FEL+0.02 g/bhp-hr or 0.03 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is higher; or, the
applicable NOx FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC
standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard.

(f)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.010-30.

§ 86.016-18 On-board Diagnostics for engines used in applications
greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.

Section 86.016–18 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from §86.013–18. Where a paragraph in §86.013–18 is
identical and applicable to §86.016–18, this may be indicated by
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement “[Reserved].
For guidance see §86.013–18.”

(a) thru (n)

(a) through (n) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.013-18.

(o) Implementation schedule

Implementation schedule. Except as provided for in paragraph (o)(3) of
this section, the requirements of this section must be met according to
the following provisions:

(o)(1) OBD groups. The manufacturer shall define one or more OBD groups
to cover all engine ratings in all engine families. The manufacturer
must submit a grouping plan for Administrator review and approval
detailing the OBD groups and the engine families and engine ratings
within each group for a given model year.

(o)(2) Full OBD. The manufacturer must implement an OBD system meeting
the requirements of this section on all engine ratings in all engine
families.

(o)(3) Engines certified as alternative fueled engines shall meet the
following requirements:

(o)(3)(i) To the extent feasible, those specified in §86.013-18(i)(3).

(o)(3)(ii) Monitor the NOx aftertreatment system on engines so equipped.
A malfunction must be detected if:

(o)(3)(ii)(A) The NOx aftertreatment system has no detectable amount of
NOx aftertreatment capability (i.e., NOx catalyst conversion or NOx
adsorption).

(o)(3)(ii)(B) The NOx aftertreatment substrate is completely destroyed,
removed, or missing.

(o)(3)(ii)(C) The NOx aftertreatment assembly is replaced with a
straight pipe.

(p) In-use compliance standards

(p) In-use compliance standards. For monitors required to indicate a
malfunction before emissions exceed a certain emission threshold (e.g.,
2 times any of the applicable standards):

(p)(1) On the engine ratings tested according to §86.013-18(l)(2)(ii),
the certification emissions thresholds shall apply in-use.

(p)(2) On the manufacturer’s remaining engine ratings, separate in-use
emissions thresholds shall apply. These thresholds are determined by
doubling the applicable thresholds as shown in Table 1 of §86.013-18(g)
and Table 2 of §86.010-18(h). The resultant thresholds apply only
in-use and do not apply for certification or selective enforcement
auditing.

(p)(3) An OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant solely due to
a failure or deterioration mode of a monitored component or system that
could not have been reasonably foreseen to occur by the manufacturer.

§ 86.019-18 On-board Diagnostics for engines used in applications
greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.

Section 86.019–18 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from §§86.013–18 and 86.016-18. Where a paragraph in
§86.013–18 is identical and applicable to §86.019–18, this may be
indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement
“[Reserved]. For guidance see §86.013–18.”

(a) through (k)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.013-18.

(k)(7) For 2019 and subsequent model year alternative-fueled engines
derived from a diesel-cycle engine, a manufacturer may meet the
standardization requirements of  §86.013-18(k) that are applicable to
diesel engines rather than the requirements applicable to gasoline
engines.

(l) through (n) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.013-18.

(o) Implementation schedule. The manufacturer must implement an OBD
system meeting the requirements of this section on all engines.

(p) In-use compliance. An OBD system shall not be considered
noncompliant solely due to a failure or deterioration mode of a
monitored component or system that could not have been reasonably
foreseen to occur by the manufacturer.

Proposed OBD Requirements in Subpart S

§ 86.1806-07 On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal to
14,000 pounds GVWR.

Section 86.1806–07 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from §86.1806-05. Where a paragraph in §86.1806-05 is identical
and applicable to §86.1806-07, this may be indicated by specifying the
corresponding paragraph and the statement “[Reserved]. For guidance
see §86.1806-05.”

(a) through (h)

(a) through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-05.

(a)(3) An OBD system demonstrated to fully meet the requirements in
§86.007–17 may be used to meet the requirements of this section,
provided that such an OBD system also incorporates appropriate
transmission diagnostics as may be required under this section, and
provided that the Administrator finds that a manufacturer’s decision
to use the flexibility in this paragraph (a)(3) is based on good
engineering judgement.

(b) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-05.

(i) Deficiencies

(i) Deficiencies and alternative fueled vehicles. Upon application by
the manufacturer, the Administrator may accept an OBD system as
compliant even though specific requirements are not fully met. Such
compliances without meeting specific requirements, or deficiencies, will
be granted only if compliance would be infeasible or unreasonable
considering such factors as, but not limited to: technical feasibility
of the given monitor and lead time and production cycles including
phase-in or phase-out of vehicle designs and programmed upgrades of
computers. Unmet requirements should not be carried over from the
previous model year except where unreasonable hardware or software
modifications would be necessary to correct the deficiency, and the
manufacturer has demonstrated an acceptable level of effort toward
compliance as determined by the Administrator. Furthermore, EPA will not
accept any deficiency requests that include the complete lack of a major
diagnostic monitor (“major” diagnostic monitors being those for
exhaust aftertreatment devices, oxygen sensor, air-fuel ratio sensor,
NOx sensor, engine misfire, evaporative leaks, and diesel EGR, if
equipped), with the possible exception of the special provisions for
alternative fueled engines. For alternative fueled vehicles (e.g.
natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol), manufacturers
may request the Administrator to waive specific monitoring requirements
of this section for which monitoring may not be reliable with respect to
the use of the alternative fuel. At a minimum, alternative fuel engines
must be equipped with an OBD system meeting OBD requirements to the
extent feasible as approved by the Administrator.

(j) CARB OBDII compliance option

(j) California OBDII compliance option. For light-duty vehicles,
light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles weighing 14,000 pounds GVWR
or less, demonstration of compliance with California OBD II requirements
(Title 13 California Code of Regulations §1968.2 (13 CCR 1968.2)), as
modified and released on August 11, 2006, shall satisfy the requirements
of this section, except that compliance with 13 CCR 1968.2(e)(4.2.2)(C),
pertaining to 0.02 inch evaporative leak detection, and 13 CCR
1968.2(d)(1.4), pertaining to tampering protection, are not required to
satisfy the requirements of this section. Also, the deficiency
provisions of 13 CCR 1968.2(k) do not apply. The deficiency provisions
of paragraph (i) of this section and the evaporative leak detection
requirement of  §86.1806-05(b)(4) apply to manufacturers selecting this
paragraph for demonstrating compliance. In addition, demonstration of
compliance with 13 CCR 1968.2(e)(15.2.1)(C), to the extent it applies to
the verification of proper alignment between the camshaft and
crankshaft, applies only to vehicles equipped with variable valve
timing.

(k) thru (m)

(k) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-05.

(n) Diesel complete HD vehicles - requirements

(n) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the malfunction
descriptions of  §86.1806-05(b), the malfunction descriptions of this
paragraph (n) shall apply.  The OBD system must detect and identify
malfunctions in all monitored emission-related powertrain systems or
components according to the following malfunction definitions as
measured and calculated in accordance with test procedures set forth in
subpart B of this part (chassis-based test procedures), excluding those
test procedures defined as “Supplemental” test procedures in
§86.004–2 and codified in §§86.158, 86.159, and 86.160.

(n)(1) Catalysts and particulate traps.

(n)(1)(i) If equipped, catalyst deterioration or malfunction before it
results in exhaust emissions exceeding 3 times the applicable NOx
standard. This requirement applies only to reduction catalysts;
monitoring of oxidation catalysts is not required. This monitoring need
not be done if the manufacturer can demonstrate that deterioration or
malfunction of the system will not result in exceedance of the
threshold.

(n)(1)(ii) If equipped with a particulate trap, catastrophic failure of
the device must be detected. Any particulate trap whose complete failure
results in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable standard
or FEL for NOx or PM must be monitored for such catastrophic failure.
This monitoring need not be done if the manufacturer can demonstrate
that a catastrophic failure of the system will not result in exceedance
of the threshold.

(n)(2) Engine misfire. Lack of cylinder combustion must be detected.

(n)(3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or malfunction
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the applicable NOx
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.

(n)(3)(ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or malfunction
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the applicable NOx
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the
applicable CO standard.

(n)(3)(iii) NOx sensors. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 5 times the applicable PM standard; or, 4 times the
applicable NOx standard.

(n)(4) [Reserved.]

(n)(5) Other emission control systems and components. Any deterioration
or malfunction occurring in an engine system or component directly
intended to control emissions, including but not necessarily limited to,
the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times
the applicable NOx standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard;
or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard. A functional check, as
described in paragraph (n)(6) of this section, may satisfy the
requirements of this paragraph (n)(5) provided the manufacturer can
demonstrate that a malfunction would not cause emissions to exceed the
applicable levels. This demonstration is subject to Administrator
approval. For engines equipped with crankcase ventilation (CV),
monitoring of the CV system is not necessary provided the manufacturer
can demonstrate to the Administrator’s satisfaction that the CV system
is unlikely to fail.

(n)(6) Other emission-related powertrain components. Any other
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an electronic emission-related
powertrain system or component not otherwise described in paragraphs
(n)(1) through (n)(5) of this section that either provides input to or
receives commands from the on-board computer and has a measurable impact
on emissions; monitoring of components required by this paragraph (n)(6)
must be satisfied by employing electrical circuit continuity checks and
rationality checks for computer input components (input values within
manufacturer specified ranges based on other available operating
parameters), and functionality checks for computer output components
(proper functional response to computer commands) except that the
Administrator may waive such a rationality or functionality check where
the manufacturer has demonstrated infeasibility. Malfunctions are
defined as a failure of the system or component to meet the electrical
circuit continuity checks or the rationality or functionality checks.

(n)(7) Performance of OBD functions. Any sensor or other component
deterioration or malfunction which renders that sensor or component
incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system must be
detected and identified on engines so equipped.

(o) Diesel complete HD vehicles - certification

(o) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
certification provisions of  §86.1806-05(k), the certification
provisions of this paragraph (o) shall apply. For test groups required
to have an OBD system, certification will not be granted if, for any
test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with the
manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under
any of the following circumstances, unless the manufacturer can
demonstrate that any identified OBD problems discovered during the
Administrator’s evaluation will be corrected on production vehicles.

(o)(1)(i) If monitored for emissions performance—a catalyst is
replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 3 times the
applicable NOx standard. This requirement applies only to reduction
catalysts.

(o)(1)(ii) If monitored for performance—a particulate trap is replaced
with a trap that has catastrophically failed, or an electronic
simulation of such.

(o)(2) An engine misfire condition is induced and is not detected.

(o)(3)(i) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:  4
times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the applicable NOx
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.

(o)(3)(ii) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:  4
times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the applicable NOx
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the
applicable CO standard.

(o)(3)(iii) If so equipped, any NOx sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 5
times the applicable PM standard; or, 4 times the applicable NOx
standard.

(o)(4) [Reserved.]

(o)(5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related engine
system or component, including but not necessarily limited to, the
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times
the applicable NOx standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard;
or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.

(o)(6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic
emission-related powertrain system or component not otherwise described
in this paragraph (o) that either provides input to or receives commands
from the on-board computer resulting in a measurable impact on
emissions.

§ 86.1806-10 On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal to
14,000 pounds GVWR.

Section 86.1806–10 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from §86.1806-05 and §86.1806-07. Where a paragraph in
§86.1806-05 or §86.1806-07 is identical and applicable to
§86.1806-10, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding
paragraph and the statement “[Reserved]. For guidance see
§86.1806-05.” or “[Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-07.”

(a) General

(a) General.

(a)(1) All light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and complete
heavy-duty vehicles weighing 14,000 pounds GVWR or less (including
MDPVs) must be equipped with an onboard diagnostic (OBD) system capable
of monitoring all emission-related powertrain systems or components
during the applicable useful life of the vehicle. All systems and
components required to be monitored by these regulations must be
evaluated periodically, but no less frequently than once per applicable
certification test cycle as defined in paragraphs (a) and (d) of
Appendix I of this part, or similar trip as approved by the
Administrator.

(a)(2) [Reserved.]

(a)(3) An OBD system demonstrated to fully meet the requirements in
§86.010–17 may be used to meet the requirements of this section,
provided that such an OBD system also incorporates appropriate
transmission diagnostics as may be required under this section, and
provided that the Administrator finds that a manufacturer’s decision
to use the flexibility in this paragraph (a)(3) is based on good
engineering judgement.

(b) thru (m)

(b) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-07.

(n) Diesel complete HD vehicles – requirements

(n) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the malfunction
descriptions of  §86.1806-05(b), the malfunction descriptions of this
paragraph (n) shall apply.  The OBD system must detect and identify
malfunctions in all monitored emission-related powertrain systems or
components according to the following malfunction definitions as
measured and calculated in accordance with test procedures set forth in
subpart B of this part (chassis-based test procedures), excluding those
test procedures defined as “Supplemental” test procedures in
§86.004–2 and codified in §§86.158, 86.159, and 86.160.

(n)(1) Catalysts and particulate traps.

(n)(1)(i) If equipped, reduction catalyst deterioration or malfunction
before it results in exhaust NOx emissions exceeding the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi.  If equipped, oxidation catalyst deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2.5
times the applicable NMHC standard. These catalyst monitoring
requirements need not be done if the manufacturer can demonstrate that
deterioration or malfunction of the system will not result in exceedance
of the threshold.

(n)(1)(ii) If equipped, diesel particulate trap deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, exhaust NMHC
emissions exceeding 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.
Catastrophic failure of the particulate trap must also be detected.  In
addition, the absence of the particulate trap or the trapping substrate
must be detected.

(n)(2) Engine misfire. Lack of cylinder combustion must be detected.

(n)(3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or malfunction
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, the applicable NOx standard+0.3
g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.

 (n)(3)(ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or malfunction
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5
times the applicable CO standard.

(n)(3)(iii) NOx sensors. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, the applicable
NOx standard+0.3 g/mi.

(n)(4) [Reserved.]

(n)(5) Other emission control systems and components. Any deterioration
or malfunction occurring in an engine system or component directly
intended to control emissions, including but not necessarily limited to,
the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard. A functional check,
as described in paragraph (n)(6) of this section, may satisfy the
requirements of this paragraph (n)(5) provided the manufacturer can
demonstrate that a malfunction would not cause emissions to exceed the
applicable levels. This demonstration is subject to Administrator
approval. For engines equipped with crankcase ventilation (CV),
monitoring of the CV system is not necessary provided the manufacturer
can demonstrate to the Administrator’s satisfaction that the CV system
is unlikely to fail.

(n)(6) Other emission-related powertrain components. Any other
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an electronic emission-related
powertrain system or component not otherwise described in paragraphs
(n)(1) through (n)(5) of this section that either provides input to or
receives commands from the on-board computer and has a measurable impact
on emissions; monitoring of components required by this paragraph (n)(6)
must be satisfied by employing electrical circuit continuity checks and
rationality checks for computer input components (input values within
manufacturer specified ranges based on other available operating
parameters), and functionality checks for computer output components
(proper functional response to computer commands) except that the
Administrator may waive such a rationality or functionality check where
the manufacturer has demonstrated infeasibility. Malfunctions are
defined as a failure of the system or component to meet the electrical
circuit continuity checks or the rationality or functionality checks.

(n)(7) Performance of OBD functions. Any sensor or other component
deterioration or malfunction which renders that sensor or component
incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system must be
detected and identified on engines so equipped.

(o) Diesel complete HD vehicles – certification

(o) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
certification provisions of  §86.1806-05(k), the certification
provisions of this paragraph (o) shall apply. For test groups required
to have an OBD system, certification will not be granted if, for any
test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with the
manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under
any of the following circumstances, unless the manufacturer can
demonstrate that any identified OBD problems discovered during the
Administrator’s evaluation will be corrected on production vehicles.

(o)(1)(i) If monitored for emissions performance—a reduction catalyst
is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust NOx emissions exceeding the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi. Also if monitored for emissions
performance—an oxidation catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or
defective catalyst, or an electronic simulation of such, resulting in
exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.

 (o)(1)(ii) If monitored for performance—a particulate trap is
replaced with a deteriorated or defective trap, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust PM emissions exceeding 4 times
the applicable PM standard or exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2.5 times
the applicable NMHC standard.  Also, if monitored for performance—a
particulate trap is replaced with a catastrophically failed trap or a
simulation of such.

(o)(2) An engine misfire condition is induced and is not detected.

(o)(3)(i) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:  4
times the applicable PM standard; or, the applicable NOx standard+0.3
g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.

(o)(3)(ii) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5
times the applicable CO standard.

(o)(3)(iii) If so equipped, any NOx sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, the applicable NOx standard+0.3
g/mi.

(o)(4) [Reserved.]

(o)(5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related engine
system or component, including but not necessarily limited to, the
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.

(o)(6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic
emission-related powertrain system or component not otherwise described
in this paragraph (o) that either provides input to or receives commands
from the on-board computer resulting in a measurable impact on
emissions.

§ 86.1806-13 On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal to
14,000 pounds GVWR.

Section 86.1806–13 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from §86.1806-05, §86.1806-07 and §86.1806-10. Where a
paragraph in §86.1806-05 or §86.1806-07 or §86.1806-10 is identical
and applicable to §86.1806-13 this may be indicated by specifying the
corresponding paragraph and the statement “[Reserved]. For guidance
see §86.1806-05.” or “[Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-07.”
or “[Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-10.”

(a) General

(a)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-10.

(a)(2) [Reserved.]

(a)(3) An OBD system demonstrated to fully meet the requirements in
§86.013–17 may be used to meet the requirements of this section,
provided that such an OBD system also incorporates appropriate
transmission diagnostics as may be required under this section, and
provided that the Administrator finds that a manufacturer’s decision
to use the flexibility in this paragraph (a)(3) is based on good
engineering judgement.

(b) thru (m)

(b) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see §86.1806-07.

(n) Diesel complete HD vehicles – requirements

(n) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the malfunction
descriptions of  §86.1806-05(b), the malfunction descriptions of this
paragraph (n) shall apply.  The OBD system must detect and identify
malfunctions in all monitored emission-related powertrain systems or
components according to the following malfunction definitions as
measured and calculated in accordance with test procedures set forth in
subpart B of this part (chassis-based test procedures), excluding those
test procedures defined as “Supplemental” test procedures in
§86.004–2 and codified in §§86.158, 86.159, and 86.160.

(n)(1) Catalysts and particulate traps.

(n)(1)(i) If equipped, reduction catalyst deterioration or malfunction
before it results in exhaust NOx emissions exceeding the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi.  If equipped, oxidation catalyst deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2
times the applicable NMHC standard. These catalyst monitoring
requirements need not be done if the manufacturer can demonstrate that
deterioration or malfunction of the system will not result in exceedance
of the threshold.

(n)(1)(ii) If equipped, diesel particulate trap deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, exhaust NMHC
emissions exceeding 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.  Catastrophic
failure of the particulate trap must also be detected.  In addition, the
absence of the particulate trap or the trapping substrate must be
detected.

(n)(2) Engine misfire. Lack of cylinder combustion must be detected.

(n)(3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or malfunction
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.

 (n)(3)(ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or malfunction
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2 times
the applicable CO standard.

(n)(3)(iii) NOx sensors. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi.

(n)(4) [Reserved.]

(n)(5) Other emission control systems and components. Any deterioration
or malfunction occurring in an engine system or component directly
intended to control emissions, including but not necessarily limited to,
the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC
standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard. A functional check, as
described in paragraph (n)(6) of this section, may satisfy the
requirements of this paragraph (n)(5) provided the manufacturer can
demonstrate that a malfunction would not cause emissions to exceed the
applicable levels. This demonstration is subject to Administrator
approval. For engines equipped with crankcase ventilation (CV),
monitoring of the CV system is not necessary provided the manufacturer
can demonstrate to the Administrator’s satisfaction that the CV system
is unlikely to fail.

(n)(6) Other emission-related powertrain components. Any other
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an electronic emission-related
powertrain system or component not otherwise described in paragraphs
(n)(1) through (n)(5) of this section that either provides input to or
receives commands from the on-board computer and has a measurable impact
on emissions; monitoring of components required by this paragraph (n)(6)
must be satisfied by employing electrical circuit continuity checks and
rationality checks for computer input components (input values within
manufacturer specified ranges based on other available operating
parameters), and functionality checks for computer output components
(proper functional response to computer commands) except that the
Administrator may waive such a rationality or functionality check where
the manufacturer has demonstrated infeasibility. Malfunctions are
defined as a failure of the system or component to meet the electrical
circuit continuity checks or the rationality or functionality checks.

(n)(7) Performance of OBD functions. Any sensor or other component
deterioration or malfunction which renders that sensor or component
incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system must be
detected and identified on engines so equipped.

(o) Diesel complete HD vehicles – certification

(o) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
certification provisions of  §86.1806-05(k), the certification
provisions of this paragraph (o) shall apply. For test groups required
to have an OBD system, certification will not be granted if, for any
test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with the
manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under
any of the following circumstances, unless the manufacturer can
demonstrate that any identified OBD problems discovered during the
Administrator’s evaluation will be corrected on production vehicles.

(o)(1)(i) If monitored for emissions performance—a reduction catalyst
is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust NOx emissions exceeding the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi. Also if monitored for emissions
performance—an oxidation catalyst is replaced with a deteriorated or
defective catalyst, or an electronic simulation of such, resulting in
exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.

(o)(1)(ii) If monitored for performance—a particulate trap is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective trap, or an electronic simulation of
such, resulting in exhaust PM emissions exceeding the applicable
standard+0.04 g/mi or exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the
applicable NMHC standard.  Also, if monitored for performance—a
particulate trap is replaced with a catastrophically failed trap or a
simulation of such.

(o)(2) An engine misfire condition is induced and is not detected.

(o)(3)(i) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.

(o)(3)(ii) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2 times
the applicable CO standard.

(o)(3)(iii) If so equipped, any NOx sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the applicable NOx
standard+0.3 g/mi.

(o)(4) [Reserved.]

(o)(5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related engine
system or component, including but not necessarily limited to, the
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOx standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC
standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard.

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Cectronic emission-related powertrain system or component not otherwise
described in this paragraph (o) that either provides input to or
receives commands from the on-board computer resulting in a measurable
impact on emissions.

 There are exceptions to this general rule, as stipulated in the
regulations.

DRAFT – not official regulatory text – refer to Federal Register
notice for official text

Internal EPA Document