ref.......................................  reference quantity.
rev.......................................  revolution.
sat.......................................  saturated condition.
slip......................................  PDP slip.
span......................................  span quantity.
SSV.......................................  subsonic venturi.
std.......................................  standard condition.
test......................................  test quantity.
test,alt..................................  alternate test quantity.
uncor.....................................  uncorrected quantity.
zero......................................  zero quantity.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (f) * * *
    (2) This part uses the following molar masses or effective molar
masses of chemical species:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              g/mol (10-
               Symbol                       Quantity          3. kg.mol-
                                                                  1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mair...............................  molar mass of dry air      28.96559
                                      \1\.
MAr................................  molar mass of argon...       39.948
MC.................................  molar mass of carbon..      12.0107
MC3H8..............................  molar mass of propane.     44.09562
MCH4...............................  molar mass of methane.       16.043
MCO................................  molar mass of carbon        28.0101
                                      monoxide.
MCO2...............................  molar mass of carbon        44.0095
                                      dioxide.
MH.................................  molar mass of atomic        1.00794
                                      hydrogen.
MH2................................  molar mass of               2.01588
                                      molecular hydrogen.
MH2O...............................  molar mass of water...     18.01528
MHe................................  molar mass of helium..     4.002602
MN.................................  molar mass of atomic        14.0067
                                      nitrogen.
MN2................................  molar mass of               28.0134
                                      molecular nitrogen.
MNMHC..............................  effective molar mass      13.875389
                                      of nonmethane
                                      hydrocarbon \2\.
MNMHCE.............................  effective molar mass      13.875389
                                      of nonmethane
                                      equivalent
                                      hydrocarbon \2\.
MNOx...............................  effective molar mass        46.0055
                                      of oxides of nitrogen
                                      \3\.
MN2O...............................  molar mass of nitrous       44.0128
                                      oxide.
MO.................................  molar mass of atomic        15.9994
                                      oxygen.
MO2................................  molar mass of               31.9988
                                      molecular oxygen.
MS.................................  molar mass of sulfur..       32.065
MTHC...............................  effective molar mass      13.875389
                                      of total hydrocarbon
                                      \2\.
MTHCE..............................  effective molar mass     13.875389
                                      of total hydrocarbon
                                      equivalent \2\.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ See paragraph (f)(1) of this section for the composition of dry air.

\2\ The effective molar masses of THC, THCE, NMHC, and NMHCE are defined
  by an atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, [alpha], of 1.85.
\3\ The effective molar mass of NOX is defined by the molar mass of
  nitrogen dioxide, NO2.

* * * * *
    (g) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BMD bag mini-diluter
BSFC brake-specific fuel consumption
CARB California Air Resources Board
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFV critical-flow venturi
CI compression-ignition
CITT Curb Idle Transmission Torque
CLD chemiluminescent detector
CVS constant-volume sampler
DF deterioration factor
ECM electronic control module
EFC electronic flow control
EGR exhaust gas recirculation
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FEL Family Emission Limit
FID flame-ionization detector
GC gas chromatograph

GC-ECD gas chromatograph with an electron-capture detector
GC-FID gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector
IBP initial boiling point
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
NDIR nondispersive infrared
NDUV nondispersive ultraviolet
NIST National Institute for Standards and Technology
NMC nonmethane cutter
PDP positive-displacement pump
PEMS portable emission measurement system
PFD partial-flow dilution
PMP Polymethylpentene
pt. a single point at the mean value expected at the standard.
PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (commonly known as TeflonTM)
RE rounding error
RESS rechargeable energy storage system
RMC ramped-modal cycle
RMS root-mean square
RTD resistive temperature detector
SSV subsonic venturi
SI spark-ignition
UCL upper confidence limit
UFM ultrasonic flow meter
U.S.C. United States Code

0
92. Section 1065.1010 is amended by revising the introductory text and
paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1010  Reference materials.

    Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with
the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must
publish a notice of the change in the Federal Register and the material
must be available to the public. All approved material is available for
inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building,
Washington, DC 20460,<PHONE_NUMBER>, and is available from the sources
listed below. It is also available for inspection at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
* * * * *
    (c) NIST material. Table 3 of this section lists material from the
National Institute of Standards and Technology that we have
incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name
of the material. The second column lists the section of this part where
we reference it. Anyone may purchase copies of these materials from the
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 or download them free
from the Internet at http://www.nist.gov. Table 3 follows:

               Table 3 of Sec.   1065.1010--NIST Materials
------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Document number and name               Part 1065  reference
------------------------------------------------------------------------
NIST Special Publication 811, 2008          1065.20(a) and (e),
 Edition, Guide for the Use of the           1065.1005.
 International System of Units (SI), March
 2008.
NIST Technical Note 1297, 1994 Edition,     1065.1001.
 Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing
 the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement
 Results, Barry N. Taylor and Chris E.
 Kuyatt.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

0
93. A new part 1066 is added to subchapter U to read as follows:

PART 1066--VEHICLE-TESTING PROCEDURES

Subpart A--Applicability and General Provisions
Sec.
1066.1 Applicability.
1066.2 Submitting information to EPA under this part.
1066.5 Overview of this part 1066 and its relationship to the
standard-setting part.
1066.10 Other procedures.
1066.15 Overview of test procedures.
1066.20 Units of measure and overview of calculations.
1066.25 Recordkeeping.
Subpart B--Equipment, Fuel, and Gas Specifications
1066.101 Overview.
Subpart C--Dynamometer Specifications
1066.201 Dynamometer overview.
1066.210 Dynamometers.
1066.215 Summary of verification and calibration procedures for
chassis dynamometers.
1066.220 Linearity verification.
1066.225 Roll runout and diameter verification procedure.
1066.230 Time verification procedure.
1066.235 Speed verification procedure.
1066.240 Torque transducer verification and calibration.
1066.245 Response time verification.
1066.250 Base inertia verification.
1066.255 Parasitic loss verification.
1066.260 Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.
1066.265 Acceleration and deceleration verification.
1066.270 Unloaded coastdown verification.
1066.280 Driver's aid.
Subpart D--Coastdown
1066.301 Overview of coastdown procedures.
1066.310 Coastdown procedures for heavy-duty vehicles.
Subpart E--Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test
1066.401 Overview.
1066.407 Vehicle preparation and preconditioning.
1066.410 Dynamometer test procedure.
1066.420 Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data
collection.
1066.425 Engine starting and restarting.
1066.430 Performing emission tests
Subpart F--Hybrids
1066.501 Overview.
Subpart G--Calculations
1066.601 Overview.
1066.610 Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emission calculations.
Subpart H--Definitions and Other Reference Material
1066.701 Definitions.
1066.705 Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.
1066.710 Reference materials.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A--Applicability and General Provisions

Sec.  1066.1  Applicability.

    (a) This part describes the procedures that apply to testing we
require for the following vehicles:
    (1) Model year 2014 and later heavy-duty highway vehicles we
regulate under 40 CFR part 1037 that are not subject to chassis testing
for exhaust emissions under 40 CFR part 86.
    (2) [Reserved]
    (b) The procedures of this part may apply to other types of
vehicles, as described in this part and in the standard-setting part.
    (c) The term ``you'' means anyone performing testing under this
part other than EPA.
    (1) This part is addressed primarily to manufacturers of vehicles,
but it applies equally to anyone who does testing under this part for
such manufacturers.
    (2) This part applies to any manufacturer or supplier of test
equipment, instruments, supplies, or any other goods or services
related to the procedures, requirements, recommendations, or options in
this part.
    (d) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of

vehicles. In this part, we refer to each of these other parts
generically as the ''standard-setting part.'' For example, 40 CFR part
1037 is the standard-setting part for heavy-duty highway vehicles.
    (e) Unless we specify otherwise, the terms ``procedures'' and
``test procedures'' in this part include all aspects of vehicle
testing, including the equipment specifications, calibrations,
calculations, and other protocols and procedural specifications needed
to measure emissions.
    (f) For additional information regarding these test procedures,
visit our Web site at http://www.epa.gov, and in particular http://www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/regulations.htm.

Sec.  1066.2  Submitting information to EPA under this part.

    (a) You are responsible for statements and information in your
applications for certification, requests for approved procedures,
selective enforcement audits, laboratory audits, production-line test
reports, field test reports, or any other statements you make to us
related to this part 1066. If you provide statements or information to
someone for submission to EPA, you are responsible for these statements
and information as if you had submitted them to EPA yourself.
    (b) In the standard-setting part and in 40 CFR 1068.101, we
describe your obligation to report truthful and complete information
and the consequences of failing to meet this obligation. See also 18
U.S.C. 1001 and 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2). This obligation applies whether
you submit this information directly to EPA or through someone else.
    (c) We may void any certificates or approvals associated with a
submission of information if we find that you intentionally submitted
false, incomplete, or misleading information. For example, if we find
that you intentionally submitted incomplete information to mislead EPA
when requesting approval to use alternate test procedures, we may void
the certificates for all engine families certified based on emission
data collected using the alternate procedures. This would also apply if
you ignore data from incomplete tests or from repeat tests with higher
emission results.
    (d) We may require an authorized representative of your company to
approve and sign the submission, and to certify that all the
information submitted is accurate and complete. This includes everyone
who submits information, including manufacturers and others.
    (e) See 40 CFR 1068.10 for provisions related to confidential
information. Note however that under 40 CFR 2.301, emission data is
generally not eligible for confidential treatment.
    (f) Nothing in this part should be interpreted to limit our ability
under Clean Air Act section 208 (42 U.S.C. 7542) to verify that
vehicles conform to the regulations.

Sec.  1066.5  Overview of this part 1066 and its relationship to the
standard-setting part.

    (a) This part specifies procedures that can apply generally to
testing various categories of vehicles. See the standard-setting part
for directions in applying specific provisions in this part for a
particular type of vehicle. Before using this part's procedures, read
the standard-setting part to answer at least the following questions:
    (1) What drive schedules must I use for testing?
    (2) Should I warm up the test vehicle before measuring emissions,
or do I need to measure cold-start emissions during a warm-up segment
of the duty cycle?
    (3) Which exhaust constituents do I need to measure? Measure all
exhaust constituents that are subject to emission standards, any other
exhaust constituents needed for calculating emission rates, and any
additional exhaust constituents as specified in the standard-setting
part. We may approve your request to omit measurement of N2O
and CH4 for a vehicle, provided it is not subject to an
N2O or CH4 emission standard and we determine
that other information is available to give us a reasonable basis for
estimating or approximating the vehicle's emission rates.
    (4) Do any unique specifications apply for test fuels?
    (5) What maintenance steps may I take before or between tests on an
emission-data vehicle?
    (6) Do any unique requirements apply to stabilizing emission levels
on a new vehicle?
    (7) Do any unique requirements apply to test limits, such as
ambient temperatures or pressures?
    (8) Is field testing required or allowed, and are there different
emission standards or procedures that apply to field testing?
    (9) Are there any emission standards specified at particular
operating conditions or ambient conditions?
    (10) Do any unique requirements apply for durability testing?
    (b) The testing specifications in the standard-setting part may
differ from the specifications in this part. In cases where it is not
possible to comply with both the standard-setting part and this part,
you must comply with the specifications in the standard-setting part.
The standard-setting part may also allow you to deviate from the
procedures of this part for other reasons.
    (c) The following table shows how this part divides testing
specifications into subparts:

                           Table 1 of Sec.   1066.5--Description of Part 1066 Subparts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            This subpart                             Describes these specifications or procedures
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart A...........................  Applicability and general provisions.
Subpart B...........................  Equipment for testing.
Subpart C...........................  Dynamometer specifications.
Subpart D...........................  Coastdowns for testing.
Subpart E...........................  How to prepare your vehicle and run an emission test.
Subpart F...........................  How to test hybrid vehicles.
Subpart G...........................  Test procedure calculations.
Subpart H...........................  Definitions and reference material.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  1066.10  Other procedures.

    (a) Your testing. The procedures in this part apply for all testing
you do to show compliance with emission standards, with certain
exceptions listed in this section. In some other sections in this part,
we allow you to use other procedures (such as less precise or less
accurate procedures) if they do not affect your ability to show that
your vehicles comply with the applicable emission standards. This
generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the
applicable emission standards so that any errors caused by

greater imprecision or inaccuracy do not affect your ability to state
unconditionally that the engines meet all applicable emission
standards.
    (b) Our testing. These procedures generally apply for testing that
we do to determine if your vehicles comply with applicable emission
standards. We may perform other testing as allowed by the Act.
    (c) Exceptions. We may allow or require you to use procedures other
than those specified in this part for laboratory testing, field
testing, or both, as described in 40 CFR 1065.10(c). All the test
procedures noted as exceptions to the specified procedures are
considered generically as ``other procedures.'' Note that the terms
``special procedures'' and ``alternate procedures'' have specific
meanings; ``special procedures'' are those allowed by 40 CFR
1065.10(c)(2) and ``alternate procedures'' are those allowed by 40 CFR
1065.10(c)(7). If we require you to request approval to use other
procedures under this paragraph (c), you may not use them until we
approve your request.

Sec.  1066.15  Overview of test procedures.

    This section outlines the procedures to test vehicles that are
subject to emission standards.
    (a) In the standard-setting part, we set emission standards in g/
mile (or g/km), for the following constituents:
    (1) Total oxides of nitrogen, NOX.
    (2) Hydrocarbons (HC), which may be expressed in the following
ways:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons, THC.
    (ii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons, NMHC, which results from subtracting
methane (CH4) from THC.
    (iii) Total hydrocarbon-equivalent, THCE, which results from
adjusting THC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
    (iv) Nonmethane hydrocarbon-equivalent, NMHCE, which results from
adjusting NMHC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
    (3) Particulate mass, PM.
    (4) Carbon monoxide, CO.
    (b) Note that some vehicles may not be subject to standards for all
the emission constituents identified in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) We generally set emission standards over test intervals and/or
drive schedules, as follows:
    (1) Vehicle operation. Testing may involve measuring emissions and
miles travelled in a laboratory-type environment or in the field. The
standard-setting part specifies how test intervals are defined for
field testing. Refer to the definitions of ``duty cycle'' and ``test
interval'' in Sec.  1066.701. Note that a single drive schedule may
have multiple test intervals and require weighting of results from
multiple test phases to calculate a composite distance-based emission
value to compare to the standard.
    (2) Constituent determination. Determine the total mass of each
constituent over a test interval by selecting from the following
methods:
    (i) Continuous sampling. In continuous sampling, measure the
constituent's concentration continuously from raw or dilute exhaust.
Multiply this concentration by the continuous (raw or dilute) flow rate
at the emission sampling location to determine the constituent's flow
rate. Sum the constituent's flow rate continuously over the test
interval. This sum is the total mass of the emitted constituent.
    (ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and
store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract
a sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate, as
applicable. You may extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust
in an appropriate container, such as a bag, and then measure HC, CO,
and NOX concentrations in the container after the test
phase. You may deposit PM from proportionally extracted exhaust onto an
appropriate substrate, such as a filter. In this case, divide the PM by
the amount of filtered exhaust to calculate the PM concentration.
Multiply batch sampled concentrations by the total (raw or dilute) flow
from which it was extracted during the test interval. This product is
the total mass of the emitted constituent.
    (iii) Combined sampling. You may use continuous and batch sampling
simultaneously during a test interval, as follows:
    (A) You may use continuous sampling for some constituents and batch
sampling for others.
    (B) You may use continuous and batch sampling for a single
constituent, with one being a redundant measurement, subject to the
provisions of 40 CFR 1065.201.
    (d) Refer to the standard-setting part for calculations to
determine g/mile emission rates.
    (e) The regulation highlights several specific cases where good
engineering judgment is especially relevant. You must use good
engineering judgment for all aspects of testing under this part, not
only for those provisions where we specifically re-state this
requirement.

Sec.  1066.20  Units of measure and overview of calculations.

    (a) System of units. The procedures in this part follows both
conventional English Units and the International System of Units (SI),
as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811, which we incorporate by
reference in Sec.  1066.710.
    (b) Units conversion. Use good engineering judgment to convert
units between measurement systems as needed. The following conventions
are used throughout this document and should be used to convert units
as applicable:
    (1) 1 hp = 33,000 ft[middot]lbf/min = 550 ft[middot]lbf/s = 0.7457
kW.
    (2) 1 lbf = 32.174 ft[middot]lbm/s\2\ = 4.4482 N.
    (3) 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
    (c) Rounding. The rounding provisions of 40 CFR 1065.20 apply for
calculations in this part. This generally specifies that you round
final values but not intermediate values. Use good engineering judgment
to record the appropriate number of significant digits for all
measurements.
    (d) Interpretation of ranges. Interpret a range as a tolerance
unless we explicitly identify it as an accuracy, repeatability,
linearity, or noise specification. See 40 CFR 1065.1001 for the
definition of tolerance. In this part, we specify two types of ranges:
    (1) Whenever we specify a range by a single value and corresponding
limit values above and below that value, target any associated control
point to that single value. Examples of this type of range include
``10% of maximum pressure'', or ``(30 10)
kPa''.
    (2) Whenever we specify a range by the interval between two values,
you may target any associated control point to any value within that
range. An example of this type of range is ``(40 to 50) kPa''.
    (e) Scaling of specifications with respect to an applicable
standard. Because this part 1066 applies to a wide range of vehicles
and emission standards, some of the specifications in this part are
scaled with respect to a vehicle's applicable standard or weight. This
ensures that the specification will be adequate to determine
compliance, but not overly burdensome by requiring unnecessarily high-
precision equipment. Many of these specifications are given with
respect to a ``flow-weighted mean'' that is expected at the standard or
during testing. Flow-weighted mean is the mean of a quantity after it
is weighted proportional to a corresponding flow rate. For example, if
a gas concentration is measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an
engine, its flow-weighted mean

concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded concentration
times its respective exhaust flow rate, divided by the sum of the
recorded flow rates. As another example, the bag concentration from a
CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted mean concentration, because
the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag concentration. Refer to 40
CFR 1065.602 for information needed to estimate and calculate flow-
weighted means.

Sec.  1066.25  Recordkeeping.

    The procedures in this part include various requirements to record
data or other information. Refer to the standard-setting part regarding
recordkeeping requirements. If the standard-setting part does not
specify recordkeeping requirements, store these records in any format
and on any media and keep them readily available for one year after you
send an associated application for certification, or one year after you
generate the data if they do not support an application for
certification. You must promptly send us organized, written records in
English if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.

Subpart B--Equipment, Fuel, and Gas Specifications

Sec.  1066.101  Overview.

    (a) This subpart addresses equipment related to emission testing,
as well as test fuels and analytical gases. This section addresses
emission sampling and analytical equipment, test fuels, and analytical
gases.
    (b) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065 specify engine-based
procedures for measuring emissions. Except as specified otherwise in
this part, the provisions of 40 CFR part 1065 apply for testing
required by this part as follows:
    (1) The provisions of 40 CFR 1065.140 through 1065.195 specify
equipment for exhaust dilution and sampling systems.
    (2) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subparts C and D, specify
measurement instruments and their calibrations.
    (3) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart H, specify fuels,
engine fluids, and analytical gases.
    (4) The provisions of 40 CFR part 1065, subpart J, describe how to
measure emissions from vehicles operating outside of a laboratory,
except that provisions related to measuring engine work do not apply.
    (c) The provisions of this subpart are intended to specify systems
that can very accurately and precisely measure emissions from motor
vehicles. We may waive or modify the specifications and requirements of
this part for testing highway motorcycles or nonroad vehicles,
consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, it may be
appropriate to allow the use of a hydrokinetic dynamometer that is not
able to meet all the performance specifications described in this
subpart.

Subpart C--Dynamometer Specifications

Sec.  1066.201  Dynamometer overview.

    This subpart addresses chassis dynamometers and related equipment.

Sec.  1066.210  Dynamometers.

    (a) General requirements. A chassis dynamometer typically uses
electrically generated load forces combined with its rotational inertia
to recreate the mechanical inertia and frictional forces that a vehicle
exerts on road surfaces (known as ``road load''). Load forces are
calculated using vehicle-specific coefficients and response
characteristics. The load forces are applied to the vehicle tires by
rolls connected to intermediate motor/absorbers. The dynamometer uses a
load cell to measure the forces the dynamometer rolls apply to the
vehicle's tires.
    (b) Accuracy and precision. The dynamometer's output values for
road load must be NIST-traceable. We may determine traceability to a
specific international standards organization to be sufficient to
demonstrate NIST-traceability. The force-measurement system must be
capable of indicating force readings to a resolution of 0.05% of the maximum forces simulated by the dynamometer or
0.9 N (0.2 lbf), whichever is greater, during a
test.
    (c) Test cycles. The dynamometer must be capable of fully
simulating applicable test cycles for the vehicles being tested as
referenced in the corresponding standard-setting part.
    (1) For vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) at or
below 14,000 lbs, the dynamometer must be able to fully simulate a
driving schedule with a maximum speed of 36 m/s (80 mph) and a maximum
acceleration rate of 3.6 m/s\2\ (8 mph/s) in two-wheel drive and four-
wheel drive configurations.
    (2) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, the dynamometer must
be able to fully simulate a driving schedule with a maximum speed of 29
m/s (65 mph) and a maximum acceleration rate of 1.3 m/s\2\ (3 mph/s) in
either two-wheel drive or four-wheel drive configurations.
    (d) Component requirements. The dynamometer must meet the following
specifications:
    (1) For vehicles with GVWR at or below 14,000 lbs, the nominal roll
diameter must be 1.20 to 1.25 meters. The dynamometer must have an
independent drive roll for each axle being driven by the vehicle during
an emission test.
    (2) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, the nominal roll
diameter must be at least 1.20 meters and no greater than 3.10 meters.
The dynamometer must have an independent drive roll for each axle,
except that two drive axles may share a single drive roll. Use good
engineering judgment to ensure that the dynamometer roll diameter is
large enough to provide sufficient tire-roll contact area to avoid tire
overheating and power losses from tire-roll slippage.
    (3) If you measure force and speed at 10 Hz or faster, you may use
good engineering judgment to convert those measurements to 1-Hz, 2-Hz,
or 5-Hz values.
    (4) The load applied by the dynamometer simulates forces acting on
the vehicle during normal driving according to the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.080

Where:

FR = total road-load force to be applied at the surface of the roll.
The total force is the sum of the individual tractive forces applied
at each roll surface.
i = a counter to indicate a point in time over the driving schedule.
For a dynamometer operating at 10-Hz intervals over a 600-

second driving schedule, the maximum value of i is 6,000.
A = constant value representing the vehicle's frictional load in lbf
or newtons. See subpart C of this part.
B = coefficient representing load from drag and rolling resistance,
which are a function of vehicle speed, in lbf/mph or N[middot]s/m.
See subpart C of this part.
S = linear speed at the roll surfaces as measured by the
dynamometer, in mph or m/s. Let Si-1 = 0.
C = coefficient representing aerodynamic effects, which are a
function of vehicle speed squared, in lbf/mph\2\ or N[middot]s\2\/
m\2\. See subpart C of this part.
M = mass of vehicle in lbm or kg. Determine the vehicle's mass based
on the test weight, taking into account the effect of rotating
axles, as specified in Sec.  1066.310(b)(7) and dividing the weight
by the acceleration due to gravity as specified in 40 CFR 1065.630,
consistent with good engineering judgment.
t = elapsed time in the driving schedule as measured by the
dynamometer, in seconds. Let ti-1 = 0.

    (5) The dynamometer must be designed to generally apply an actual
road-load force within 1% or 9.8 N (2.2 lbf) of the reference value, whichever is greater.
Dynamometers that do not fully meet this specification may be used
consistent with good engineering judgment. For example, slightly higher
errors may be permissible during highly transient operation.
    (e) Dynamometer manufacturer instructions. This part specifies that
you follow the dynamometer manufacturer's recommended procedures for
things such as calibrations and general operation. If you perform
testing with a dynamometer that you manufactured or if you otherwise do
not have these recommended procedures, use good engineering judgment to
establish the additional procedures and specifications we specify in
this part, unless we specify otherwise. Keep records to describe these
recommended procedures and how they are consistent with good
engineering judgment.

Sec.  1066.215  Summary of verification and calibration procedures for
chassis dynamometers.

    (a) Overview. This section describes the overall process for
verifying and calibrating the performance of chassis dynamometers.
    (b) Scope and frequency. The following table summarizes the
required and recommended calibrations and verifications described in
this subpart and indicates when they must occur:

Table 1 of Sec.   1066.215--Summary of Required Dynamometer Calibrations
                            and Verifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Type of calibration or
         verification                    Minimum frequency \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   1066.220: Linearity     Speed: Upon initial installation, within
 verification.                  370 days before testing, and after major
                                maintenance.
                               Torque (load): Upon initial installation,
                                within 370 days before testing, and
                                after major maintenance.
Sec.   1066.225: Roll runout   Upon initial installation and after major
 and diameter.                  maintenance.
Sec.   1066.230: Time........  Upon initial installation and after major
                                maintenance.
Sec.   1066.235: Speed         Upon initial installation, within 370
 measurement.                   days before testing, and after major
                                maintenance.
Sec.   1066.240: Torque        Upon initial installation and after major
 (load) transducer.             maintenance.
Sec.   1066.245: Response      Upon initial installation and after major
 time.                          maintenance.
Sec.   1066.250: Base inertia  Upon initial installation and after major
                                maintenance.
Sec.   1066.255: Parasitic     Upon initial installation, within 7 days
 loss.                          before testing, and after major
                                maintenance.
Sec.   1066.260: Parasitic     Upon initial installation, within 7 days
 friction compensation          before testing, and after major
 evaluation.                    maintenance.
Sec.   1066.265: Acceleration  Upon initial installation and after major
 and deceleration.              maintenance.
Sec.   1066.270: Unloaded      Upon initial installation, within 7 days
 coastdown.                     before testing, and after major
                                maintenance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently, according to
  measurement system manufacturer instructions and good engineering
  judgment.

    (c) Automated dynamometer verifications and calibrations. In some
cases, dynamometers are designed with internal diagnostic and control
features to accomplish the verifications and calibrations specified in
this subpart. You may use these automated functions instead of
following the procedures we specify in this subpart to demonstrate
compliance with applicable requirements, consistent with good
engineering judgment.
    (d) Sequence of verifications and calibrations. Upon initial
installation and after major maintenance, perform the verifications and
calibrations in the same sequence as noted in Table 1 of this section.
At other times, you may need to perform specific verifications or
calibration in a certain sequence, as noted in this subpart.
    (e) Corrections. Unless the regulation directs otherwise, if the
dynamometer fails to meet any specified calibration or verification,
make any necessary adjustments or repairs such that the dynamometer
meets the specification before running a test. Repairs required to meet
specifications are generally considered major maintenance under this
part.

Sec.  1066.220  Linearity verification.

    (a) Scope and frequency. Perform linearity verifications upon
initial installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major
maintenance. Note that these linearity verifications may replace
requirements previously referred to as calibrations. The intent of
linearity verification is to determine that a measurement system
responds accurately and proportionally over the measurement range of
interest. Linearity verification generally consists of introducing a
series of at least 10 reference values (or the manufacturer's recommend
number of reference values) to a measurement system. The measurement
system quantifies each reference value. The measured values are then
collectively compared to the reference values by using a least-squares
linear regression and the linearity criteria specified in Table 1 of
this section.
    (b) Performance requirements. If a measurement system does not meet
the applicable linearity criteria in Table 1 of this section, correct
the deficiency by re-calibrating, servicing, or replacing components as
needed. Repeat the linearity verification after correcting the
deficiency to ensure that the measurement system meets the linearity
criteria. Before you may use a measurement system that does not meet
linearity criteria, you must demonstrate to us that the deficiency does
not adversely affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable standards.
    (c) Procedure. Use the following linearity verification protocol,
or use good engineering judgment to develop a

different protocol that satisfies the intent of this section, as
described in paragraph (a) of this section:
    (1) In this paragraph (c), the letter ``y'' denotes a generic
measured quantity, the superscript over-bar denotes an arithmetic mean
(such as y), and the subscript ``ref'' denotes the known or
reference quantity being measured.
    (2) Operate a dynamometer system at the specified temperatures and
pressures. This may include any specified adjustment or periodic
calibration of the dynamometer system.
    (3) Set dynamometer speed and torque to zero and apply the
dynamometer brake to ensure a zero-speed condition.
    (4) Span the dynamometer speed or torque signal.
    (5) After spanning, check for zero speed and torque. Use good
engineering judgment to determine whether or not to rezero or re-span
before continuing.
    (6) For both speed and torque, use the dynamometer manufacturer's
recommendations and good engineering judgment to select reference
values, yrefi, that cover a range of values that you expect
would prevent extrapolation beyond these values during emission
testing. We recommend selecting zero speed and zero torque as reference
values for the linearity verification.
    (7) Use the dynamometer manufacturer's recommendations and good
engineering judgment to select the order in which you will introduce
the series of reference values. For example, you may select the
reference values randomly to avoid correlation with previous
measurements or the influence of hysteresis; you may select reference
values in ascending or descending order to avoid long settling times of
reference signals; or you may select values to ascend and then descend
to incorporate the effects of any instrument hysteresis into the
linearity verification.
    (8) Set the dynamometer to operate at a reference condition.
    (9) Allow time for the dynamometer to stabilize while it measures
the reference values.
    (10) At a recording frequency of at least 1 Hz, measure speed and
torque values for 30 seconds and record the arithmetic mean of the
recorded values, yi. Refer to 40 CFR 1065.602 for an example
of calculating an arithmetic mean.
    (11) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(8) though (10) of this
section until you measure speeds and torques at each of the reference
conditions.
    (12) Use the arithmetic means, yi, and reference values,
yrefi, to calculate least-squares linear regression
parameters and statistical values to compare to the minimum performance
criteria specified in Table 1 of this section. Use the calculations
described in 40 CFR 1065.602. Using good engineering judgment, you may
weight the results of individual data pairs (i.e., (yrefi,,
yi)), in the linear regression calculations.

        Table 1 of Sec.   1066.220--Dynamometer Measurement Systems That Require Linearity Verifications
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Linearity criteria
                                              ---------------------
       Measurement system           Quantity   [verbarlm] xmin(a1-       a1              SEE              r2
                                                 1)+a0 [verbarlm]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed...........................            S  <=0.05% [middot]       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] Smax      >=0.990
                                                Smax.
Torque (load)...................            T  <=1% [middot] Tmax.    0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] Tmax      >=0.990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  1066.225  Roll runout and diameter verification procedure.

    (a) Overview. This section describes the verification procedure for
roll runout and roll diameter. Roll runout is a measure of the
variation in roll radius around the circumference of the roll.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform these verifications upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
    (c) Roll runout procedure. Verify roll runout as follows:
    (1) Perform this verification with laboratory and dynamometer
temperatures stable and at equilibrium. Release the roll brake and shut
off power to the dynamometer. Remove any dirt, rubber, rust, and debris
from the roll surface. Mark measurement locations on the roll surface
using a permanent marker. Mark the roll at a minimum of four equally
spaced locations across the roll width; we recommend taking
measurements every 150 mm across the roll. Secure the marker to the
deck plate adjacent to the roll surface and slowly rotate the roll to
mark a clear line around the roll circumference. Repeat this process
for all measurement locations.
    (2) Measure roll runout using a dial indicator with a probe that
allows for measuring the position of the roll surface relative to the
roll centerline as it turns through a complete revolution. The dial
indicator must have a magnetic base assembly or other means of being
securely mounted adjacent to the roll. The dial indicator must have
sufficient range to measure roll runout at all points, with a minimum
accuracy and precision of 0.025 mm. Calibrate the dial
indicator according to the instrument manufacturer's instructions.
    (3) Position the dial indicator adjacent to the roll surface at the
desired measurement location. Position the shaft of the dial indicator
perpendicular to the roll such that the point of the dial indicator is
slightly touching the surface of the roll and can move freely through a
full rotation of the roll. Zero the dial indicator according to the
instrument manufacturer's instructions. Avoid distortion of the runout
measurement from the weight of a person standing on or near the mounted
dial indicator.
    (4) Slowly turn the roll through a complete rotation and record the
maximum and minimum values from the dial indicator. Calculate runout as
the difference between these maximum and minimum values.
    (5) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(3) and (4) of this section
for all measurement locations.
    (6) The roll runout must be less than 0.25 mm at all measurement
locations.
    (d) Diameter procedure. Verify roll diameter based on the following
procedure, or an equivalent procedure based on good engineering
judgment:
    (1) Prepare the laboratory and the dynamometer as specified in
paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
    (2) Measure roll diameter using a Pi Tape[supreg]. Orient the Pi
Tape[supreg] to the marker line at the desired measurement location
with the Pi Tape[supreg] hook pointed outward. Temporarily secure the
Pi Tape[supreg] to the roll near the hook end with adhesive tape.
Slowly turn the roll, wrapping the Pi Tape[supreg] around the roll
surface. Ensure that the Pi Tape[supreg] is flat and adjacent to the
marker line around the full circumference of the roll. Attach a 2.26-kg
weight to the hook of the Pi Tape[supreg] and position the roll so that
the weight dangles freely. Remove the adhesive tape without disturbing
the orientation or alignment of the Pi Tape[supreg].
    (3) Overlap the gage member and the vernier scale ends of the Pi
Tape[supreg] to read the diameter measurement to the nearest 0.01 mm.
Follow the

manufacturer's recommendation to correct the measurement to 20 [deg]C,
if applicable.
    (4) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section
for all measurement locations.
    (5) The measured roll diameter must be within 0.25 mm
of the specified nominal value at all measurement locations. You may
revise the nominal value to meet this specification, as long as you use
the corrected nominal value for all calculations in this subpart.

Sec.  1066.230  Time verification procedure.

    (a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the accuracy of
the dynamometer's timing device.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
    (c) Procedure. Perform this verification using one of the following
procedures:
    (1) WWV method. You may use the time and frequency signal broadcast
by NIST from radio station WWV as the time standard if the trigger for
the dynamometer timing circuit has a frequency decoder circuit, as
follows:
    (i) Dial station WWV at<PHONE_NUMBER> and listen for the time
announcement. Verify that the trigger started the dynamometer timer.
Use good engineering judgment to minimize error in receiving the time
and frequency signal.
    (ii) After at least 1000 seconds, re-dial station WWV and listen
for the time announcement. Verify that the trigger stopped the
dynamometer timer.
    (iii) Compare the measured elapsed time, yact, to the
corresponding time standard, yref, to determine the time
error, yerror, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.081

    (2) Ramping method. You may set up an operator-defined ramp
function in the signal generator to serve as the time standard as
follows:
    (i) Set up the signal generator to output a marker voltage at the
peak of each ramp to trigger the dynamometer timing circuit. Output the
designated marker voltage to start the verification period.
    (ii) After at least 1000 seconds, output the designated marker
voltage to end the verification period.
    (iii) Compare the measured elapsed time between marker signals,
yact, to the corresponding time standard, yref,
to determine the time error, yerror, using Equation
1066.230-1.
    (3) Dynamometer coastdown method. You may use a signal generator to
output a known speed ramp signal to the dynamometer controller to serve
as the time standard as follows:
    (i) Generate upper and lower speed values to trigger the start and
stop functions of the coastdown timer circuit. Use the signal generator
to start the verification period.
    (ii) After at least 1000 seconds, use the signal generator to end
the verification period.
    (iii) Compare the measured elapsed time between trigger signals,
yact, to the corresponding time standard, yref,
to determine the time error, yerror, using Equation
1066.230-1.
    (d) Performance evaluation. The time error determined in paragraph
(c) of this section may not exceed 0.001%.

Sec.  1066.235  Speed verification procedure.

    (a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the accuracy and
resolution of the dynamometer speed determination.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 370 days before testing, and after major
maintenance.
    (c) Procedure. Use one of the following procedures to verify the
accuracy and resolution of the dynamometer speed simulation:
    (1) Pulse method. Connect a universal frequency counter to the
output of the dynamometer's speed-sensing device in parallel with the
signal to the dynamometer controller. The universal frequency counter
must be calibrated according to the instrument manufacturer's
instructions and be capable of measuring with enough accuracy to
perform the procedure as specified in this paragraph (c)(1). Make sure
the instrumentation does not affect the signal to the dynamometer
control circuits. Determine the speed error as follows:
    (i) Set the dynamometer to speed-control mode. Set the dynamometer
speed to a value between 4.2 m/s and the maximum speed expected during
testing; record the output of the frequency counter after 10 seconds.
Determine the roll speed, Sact, using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.082

Where:

    f = frequency of the dynamometer speed sensing device, in
s-\1\, accurate to at least four significant figures.
droll = nominal roll diameter, in m, accurate to the
nearest 0.01 mm, consistent with Sec.  1066.225(d).
n = the number of pulses per revolution from the dynamometer roll
speed sensor.
    Example:

[fnof]-- = 2.9231 Hz = 2.9231 s-1
droll = 904.40 mm = 0.90440 m
n = 1 pulse/rev
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.083

Sact = 8.3053 m/s

    (ii) Compare the calculated roll speed, Sact, to the
corresponding speed set point, Sref, to determine a value
for speed error, Serror, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.084

    Example:

Sact = 8.3053 m/s
Sref = 8.3000 m/s
Serror = 8.3053 - 8.3000 = 0.0053 m/s

    (2) Frequency method. Use the method described in this paragraph
(c)(2) only if the dynamometer does not have a readily available output
signal for speed sensing. Install a single piece of tape in the shape
of an arrowhead on the surface of the dynamometer roll near the outer
edge. Put a reference mark on the deck plate in line with the arrow.
Install a stroboscope or photo tachometer on the deck plate and direct
the flash toward the tape on the roll. The stroboscope or photo
tachometer must be calibrated according to the instrument
manufacturer's instructions and be capable of measuring with enough
accuracy to perform the procedure as specified in this paragraph
(c)(2). Determine the speed error as follows:
    (i) Set the dynamometer to speed control mode. Set the dynamometer
speed to a value between 15 kph and the maximum speed expected during
testing. Tune the stroboscope or photo tachometer until the signal
matches the dynamometer roll speed. Record the frequency. Determine the
roll speed, yact, using Equation 1066.235-1, using the
stroboscope or photo tachometer's frequency for [fnof].
    (ii) Compare the calculated roll speed, yact, to the
corresponding speed set point, yref, to determine a value
for speed error, yerror, using Equation 1066.235-2.
    (d) Performance evaluation. The speed error determined in paragraph
(c)

of this section may not exceed 0.02 m/s.

Sec.  1066.240  Torque transducer verification and calibration.

    Calibrate torque-measurement systems as described in 40 CFR
1065.310.

Sec.  1066.245  Response time verification.

    (a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the
dynamometer's response time.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
    (c) Procedure. Use the dynamometer's automated process to verify
response time. Perform this test at two different inertia settings
corresponding approximately to the minimum and maximum vehicle weights
you expect to test. Use good engineering judgment to select road-load
coefficients representing vehicles of the appropriate weight. Determine
the dynamometer's settling response time, ts, based on the
point at which there are no measured results more than 10% above or
below the final equilibrium value, as illustrated in Figure 1 of this
section. The observed settling response time must be less than 100
milliseconds for each inertia setting.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.085

Sec.  1066.250  Base inertia verification.

    (a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the
dynamometer's base inertia.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
    (c) Procedure. Verify the base inertia using the following
procedure:
    (1) Warm up the dynamometer according to the dynamometer
manufacturer's instructions. Set the dynamometer's road-load inertia to
zero and motor the rolls to 5 mph. Apply a constant force to accelerate
the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s. Measure the elapsed time to
accelerate from 10 to 40 mph, noting the corresponding speed and time
points to the nearest 0.01 mph and 0.01 s. Also determine average force
over the measurement interval.
    (2) Starting from a steady roll speed of 45 mph, apply a constant
force to the roll to decelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s.
Measure the elapsed time to decelerate from 40 to 10 mph, noting the
corresponding speed and time points to the nearest 0.01 mph and 0.01 s.
Also determine average force over the measurement interval.
    (3) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section
for a total of five sets of results at the nominal acceleration rate
and the nominal deceleration rate.
    (4) Use good engineering judgment to select two additional
acceleration and deceleration rates that cover the middle and upper
rates expected during testing. Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(1)
through (3) of this section at each of these additional acceleration
and deceleration rates.
    (5) Determine the base inertia, Ib, for each measurement
interval using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.086

Where:

F = average dynamometer force over the measurement interval as
measured by the dynamometer, in ft[middot]lbm/s\2\.
Sfinal = roll surface speed at the end of the measurement
interval to the nearest 0.01 mph.
Sinitial = roll surface speed at the start of the
measurement interval to the nearest 0.01 mph.
[Delta]t = elapsed time during the measurement interval to the
nearest 0.01 s.
    Example:

F = 1.500 lbf = 48.26 ft[middot]lbm/s\2\
Sfinal = 40.00 mph = 58.67 ft/s
Sinitial = 10.00 mph = 14.67 ft/s
[Delta]t = 30.00 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.087

Ib = 32.90 lbm

    (6) Determine the arithmetic mean value of base inertia from the
five measurements at each acceleration and deceleration rate. Calculate
these six mean values as described in 40 CFR 1065.602(b).
    (7) Calculate the base inertia error, Iberror, for each
measured base inertia, Ib, by comparing it to the
manufacturer's stated base inertia, Ibref, using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.088

    Example:

Ibref = 32.96 lbm
Ibact = 33.01 lbm
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.089

Iberror = -0.15%

    (8) Calculate the inertia error for each mean value of base inertia
from paragraph (c)(6) of this section. Use Equation 1066.265-2,
substituting the mean base inertias associated with each acceleration
and deceleration rate for the individual base inertias.
    (d) Performance evaluation. The dynamometer must meet the following
specifications to be used for testing under this part:
    (1) The base inertia error determined under paragraph (c)(7) of
this section may not exceed 0.50% relative to any
individual value.
    (2) The base inertia error determined under paragraph (c)(8) of
this section may not exceed 0.20% relative to any mean
value.

Sec.  1066.255  Parasitic loss verification.

    (a) Overview. Verify and correct the dynamometer's parasitic loss.
This procedure determines the dynamometer's internal losses that it
must overcome to simulate road load. These losses are characterized in
a parasitic loss curve that the dynamometer uses to apply compensating
forces to maintain the desired road-load force at the roll surface.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 7 days of testing, and after major maintenance.
    (c) Procedure. Perform this verification by following the
dynamometer manufacturer's specifications to establish a parasitic loss
curve, taking data at fixed speed intervals to cover the range of
vehicle speeds that will occur during testing. You may zero the load
cell at the selected speed if that improves your ability to determine
the parasitic loss. Parasitic loss forces may never be negative. Note
that the torque transducers must be zeroed and spanned prior to
performing this procedure.
    (d) Performance evaluation. In some cases, the dynamometer
automatically updates the parasitic loss curve for further testing. If
this is not the case, compare the new parasitic loss curve to the
original parasitic loss curve from the dynamometer manufacturer or the
most recent parasitic loss curve you programmed into the dynamometer.
You may reprogram the dynamometer to accept the new curve in all cases,
and you must reprogram the dynamometer if any point on the new curve
departs from the earlier curve by more than 4.5 N (1.0 lbf).

Sec.  1066.260  Parasitic friction compensation evaluation.

    (a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the accuracy of
the dynamometer's friction compensation.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 7 days before testing, and after major
maintenance. Note that this procedure relies on proper verification or
calibration of speed and torque, as described in Sec. Sec.  1066.235
and1066.240. You must also first verify the dynamometer's parasitic
loss curve as specified in Sec.  1066.255.
    (c) Procedure. Use the following procedure to verify the accuracy
of the dynamometer's friction compensation:
    (1) Warm up the dynamometer as specified by the dynamometer
manufacturer.
    (2) Perform a torque verification as specified by the dynamometer
manufacturer. For torque verifications relying on shunt procedures, if
the results do not conform to specifications, recalibrate the
dynamometer using NIST-traceable standards as appropriate until the
dynamometer passes the torque verification. Do not change the
dynamometer's base inertia to pass the torque verification.
    (3) Set the dynamometer inertia to the base inertia with the road-
load coefficients A, B, and C set to 0. Set the dynamometer to speed-
control mode with a target speed of 10 mph or a higher speed
recommended by the dynamometer manufacturer. Once the speed stabilizes
at the target speed, switch the dynamometer from speed control to
torque control and allow the roll to coast for 60 seconds. Record the
initial and final speeds and the corresponding start and stop times. If
friction compensation is executed perfectly, there will be no change in
speed during the measurement interval.
    (4) Calculate the friction compensation error, FCerror,
using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.090

Where:

I = dynamometer inertia setting, in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
t = duration of the measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.01
s.
Sfinal = the roll speed corresponding to the end of the
measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.1 mph.
Sinit = the roll speed corresponding to the start of the
measurement interval, accurate to at least 0.1 mph.
    Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 62.16 lbf[middot] s\2\/ft
t = 60.0 s
Sfinal = 9.2 mph = 13.5 ft/s
Sinit = 10.0 mph = 14.7 ft/s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.091

FCerror = -16.5 ft[middot]lbf/s = -0.031 hp

    (5) The friction compensation error may not exceed 0.1
hp.

Sec.  1066.265  Acceleration and deceleration verification.

    (a) Overview. This section describes how to verify the
dynamometer's ability to achieve targeted acceleration and deceleration
rates. Paragraph (c) of this section describes how this verification
applies when the dynamometer is programmed directly for a specific
acceleration or deceleration rate. Paragraph (d) of this section
describes

how this verification applies when the dynamometer is programmed with a
calculated force to achieve a targeted acceleration or deceleration
rate.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation and after major maintenance.
    (c) Verification of acceleration and deceleration rates. Activate
the dynamometer's function generator for measuring roll revolution
frequency. If the dynamometer has no such function generator, set up a
properly calibrated external function generator consistent with the
verification described in this paragraph (c). Use the function
generator to determine actual acceleration and deceleration rates as
the dynamometer traverses speeds between 10 and 40 mph at various
nominal acceleration and deceleration rates. Verify the dynamometer's
acceleration and deceleration rates as follows:
    (1) Set up start and stop frequencies specific to your dynamometer
by identifying the roll-revolution frequency, f, in revolutions per
second (or Hz) corresponding to 10 mph and 40 mph vehicle speeds,
accurate to at least four significant figures, using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.092

Where:

S = the target roll speed, in inches per second (corresponding to
drive speeds of 10 mph or 40 mph).
n = the number of pulses from the dynamometer's roll-speed sensor
per roll revolution.
droll = roll diameter, in inches.

    (2) Program the dynamometer to accelerate the roll at a nominal
rate of 1 mph/s from 10 mph to 40 mph. Measure the elapsed time to
reach the target speed, to the nearest 0.01 s. Repeat this measurement
for a total of five runs. Determine the actual acceleration rate for
each run, aact, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.093

Where:

aact = acceleration rate (decelerations have negative
values).
Sfinal = the target value for the final roll speed.
Sinit = the setpoint value for the initial roll speed.
t = time to accelerate from Sinit to Sfinal.

    Example:

Sinal = 40 mph
Sinit = 10 mph
t = 30.003 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.094

aact = 0.999 mph/s

    (3) Program the dynamometer to decelerate the roll at a nominal
rate of 1 mph/s from 40 mph to 10 mph. Measure the elapsed time to
reach the target speed, to the nearest 0.01 s. Repeat this measurement
for a total of five runs. Determine the actual acceleration rate,
aact, using Equation 1066.265-2.
    (4) Repeat the steps in paragraphs (c)(2) and (3) of this section
for additional acceleration and deceleration rates in 1 mph/s
increments up to and including one increment above the maximum
acceleration rate expected during testing. Average the five repeat runs
to calculate a mean acceleration rate, aact, at each
setting.
    (5) Compare each mean acceleration rate, aact, to the
corresponding nominal acceleration rate, aref, to determine
values for acceleration error, aerror, using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.095

    Example:

aact = 0.999 mph/s
aref = 1 mph/s
aerror = -0.100%

    (d) Verification of forces for controlling acceleration and
deceleration. Program the dynamometer with a calculated force value and
determine actual acceleration and deceleration rates as the dynamometer
traverses speeds between 10 and 40 mph at various nominal acceleration
and deceleration rates. Verify the dynamometer's ability to achieve
certain acceleration and deceleration rates with a given force as
follows:
    (1) Calculate the force setting, F, using the following equation:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.096

Where:

Ib = the dynamometer manufacturer's stated base inertia,
in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
a = nominal acceleration rate, in ft/s\2\.

    Example:

Ib = 2967 lbm = 92.217 lbf[middot]s\2\/ft
a = 1 mph/s = 1.4667 ft/s\2\
F = 135.25 lbf

    (2) Set the dynamometer to road-load mode and program it with a
calculated force to accelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s
from 10 mph to 40 mph. Measure the elapsed time to reach the target
speed, to the nearest 0.01 s. Repeat this measurement for a total of
five runs. Determine the actual acceleration rate, aact, for
each run using Equation 1066.265-2. Repeat this step to determine
measured ``negative acceleration'' rates using a calculated force to
decelerate the roll at a nominal rate of 1 mph/s from 40 mph to 10 mph.
Average the five repeat runs to calculate a mean acceleration rate,
aact, at each setting.
    (3) Repeat the steps in paragraph (d)(2) of this section for
additional acceleration and deceleration rates as specified in
paragraph (c)(4) of this section.
    (4) Compare each mean acceleration rate, aact, to the
corresponding nominal acceleration rate, aref, to determine
values for acceleration error, aerror, using Equation
1066.265-4.
    (e) Performance evaluation. The acceleration error from paragraphs
(c)(5) and (d)(4) of this section may not exceed 1.0%.

Sec.  1066.270  Unloaded coastdown verification.

    (a) Overview. Use force measurements to verify the dynamometer's
settings based on coastdown procedures.
    (b) Scope and frequency. Perform this verification upon initial
installation, within 7 days of testing, and after major maintenance.
    (c) Procedure. This procedure verifies the dynamometer's settings
derived from coastdown testing. For dynamometers that have an automated
process for this procedure, perform this evaluation by setting the
initial speed and final speed and the inertial and road-load
coefficients as required for each test, using good engineering judgment
to ensure that these values properly represent in-use operation. Use
the following procedure if your dynamometer does not perform this
verification with an automated process:
    (1) Warm up the dynamometer as specified by the dynamometer
manufacturer.
    (2) With the dynamometer in coastdown mode, set the dynamometer
inertia for the smallest vehicle weight that you expect to test and set
A, B, and C road-load coefficients to values typical of those used
during testing. Program the dynamometer to operate at 10 mph. Perform a
coastdown two times at this speed setting. Repeat these

coastdown steps in 10 mph increments up to and including one increment
above the maximum speed expected during testing. You may stop the
verification before reaching 0 mph, with any appropriate adjustments in
calculating the results.
    (3) Repeat the steps in paragraph (c)(2) of this section with the
dynamometer inertia set for the largest vehicle weight that you expect
to test.
    (4) Determine the average coastdown force, F, for each speed and
inertia setting using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.097

Where:
F = the average force measured during the coastdown for each speed
and inertia setting, expressed in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft and rounded to
four significant figures.
I = the dynamometer's inertia setting, in lbf[middot]s\2\/ft.
Ssi = the speed setting at the start of the coastdown,
expressed in ft/s and rounded to four significant figures.
t = coastdown time for each speed and inertia setting, accurate to
at least 0.01 s.

    Example:

I = 2000 lbm = 65.17 lbf[middot]s\2\/ft
Ssi = 10 mph = 14.66 ft/s
t = 5.00 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.098

F = 191 lbf

    (5) Calculate the target value of coastdown force, Fref,
based on the applicable dynamometer parameters for each speed and
inertia setting.
    (6) Compare the mean value of the coastdown force measured for each
speed and inertia setting, Fact, to the corresponding
Fref to determine values for coastdown force error,
Ferror, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.099

Example:
Fref = 192 lbf
Fact = 191 lbf
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.100

Ferror = -0.5%

    (7) The maximum allowable error, Ferrormax, for all
speed and inertia settings is calculated from the following formula,
except that Ferrormax for vehicles with GVWR above 14,000
lbs may be up to 1.0%:
    Ferrormax (%) = (2.2 lbf/Fref)[middot]100

Sec.  1066.280  Driver's aid.

    Use good engineering judgment to provide a driver's aid that
facilitates compliance with the requirements of Sec.  1066.430.

Subpart D--Coastdown

Sec.  1066.301  Overview of coastdown procedures.

    (a) The coastdown procedures described in this subpart are used to
determine the load coefficients (A, B, and C) for the simulated road-
load equation in Sec.  1066.210(d)(3).
    (b) The general procedure for performing coastdown tests and
calculating load coefficients is described in SAE J1263 and SAE J2263
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  1066.710). This subpart specifies
certain deviations from those procedures for certain applications.
    (c) Use good engineering judgment for all aspects of coastdown
testing. For example, minimize the effects of grade by performing
coastdown testing on reasonably level surfaces and determining
coefficients based on average values from vehicle operation in opposite
directions over the course.

Sec.  1066.310  Coastdown procedures for heavy-duty vehicles.

    This section describes coastdown procedures that are unique to
heavy-duty motor vehicles. Note as specified in the standard setting
parts, this section does not apply for certain heavy-duty vehicles,
such as those regulated under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
    (a) Determine load coefficients by performing a minimum of 16 valid
coastdown runs (8 in each direction).
    (b) Follow the provisions of Sections 1 through 9 of SAE J1263, and
SAE J2263 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1066.710), except as
described in this paragraph (b). The terms and variables identified in
this paragraph (b) have the meaning given in SAE J1263 or J2263 unless
specified otherwise.
    (1) The test condition specifications of SAE J1263 apply except as
follows for wind and road conditions:
    (i) We recommend that you do not perform coastdown testing on days
for which winds are forecast to exceed 6.0 mph.
    (ii) The grade of the test track or road must not be excessive
(considering factors such as road safety standards and effects on the
coastdown results). Road conditions should follow Section 7.4 of SAE
J1263, except that road grade may exceed 0.5%. If road grade is greater
than 0.02% over the length of the test surface, then the road grade as
a function of distance along the length of the test surface must be
incorporated in the analysis. To calculate the force due to grade use
Section 11.5 of SAE J2263.
    (2) You must reach a top speed of greater than 70 mph such that
data collection of the coastdown can start at or above 70 mph. Data
collection must occur through a minimum speed at or below 15 mph. Data
analysis for valid coastdown runs must include a maximum speed of 70
mph and a minimum speed of 15 mph.
    (3) Gather data regarding wind speed and direction, in coordination
with time-of-day data, using at least one stationary electro-mechanical
anemometer and suitable data loggers meeting the specifications of SAE
J1263, as well as the following additional specifications for the
anemometer placed adjacent to the test surface:
    (i) Run the zero-wind and zero-angle calibration data collection.
    (ii) The anemometer must have had its outputs recorded at a wind
speed of 0.0 mph within 24 hours before each coastdown test in which it
is used.
    (iii) Record the location of the anemometer using a GPS measurement
device adjacent to the test surface (approximately) at the midway
distance along the test surface used for coastdowns.
    (iv) Position the anemometer such that it will be at least 2.5 but
not more than 3.0 vehicle widths from the test vehicle's centerline as
the test vehicle passes the location of that anemometer.
    (v) Mount the anemometer at a height that is within 6 inches of
half the test vehicle's maximum height.
    (vi) Place the anemometer at least 50 feet from the nearest tree
and at least 25 feet from the nearest bush (or equivalent roadside
features).
    (vii) The height of the grass surrounding the stationary anemometer
may not exceed 10% of the anemometer's mounted height, within a radius
equal to the anemometer's mounted height.
    (4) You may split runs as per Section 9.3.1 of SAE J2263, but we
recommend whole runs. If you split a run, analyze each portion
separately, but count the split runs as one run with respect to the
minimum number of runs required.
    (5) You may perform consecutive runs in a single direction,
followed by consecutive runs in the opposite direction, consistent with
good engineering judgment. Harmonize starting and stopping points to
the

extent practicable to allow runs to be paired.
    (6) All valid coastdown run times in each direction must be within
2.0 standard deviations of the mean of the valid coastdown run times
(from 70 mph down to 15 mph) in that direction. Eliminate runs outside
this range. After eliminating these runs you must have at least eight
valid runs each direction.
    (7) Determine drag area, CDA, as follows instead of
using the procedure specified in SAE J1263, Section 10:
    (i) Measure vehicle speed at fixed intervals over the coastdown run
(generally at 10 Hz), including speeds at or above 15 mph and at or
below 70 mph. Establish the height or altitude corresponding to each
interval as described in SAE J2263 if you need to incorporate the
effects of road grade.
    (ii) Calculate the vehicle's effective mass, Me, in kg
by adding 56.7 kg to the vehicle mass for each tire making road
contact. This accounts for the rotational inertia of the wheels and
tires.
    (iii) Calculate the road-load force for each measurement interval,
Fi, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.101

Where:
v = Vehicle speed at the beginning and end of the measurement
interval. Let v0 = 0.
[Delta]t = Elapsed time over the measurement interval.

    (iv) Plot the data from all the coastdown runs on a single plot of
Fi vs. vi\2\ to determine the slope correlation,
D, based on the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.102

Where:
g = Gravitational acceleration = 9.81 m/s\2\.
[Delta]h = Change in height or altitude over the measurement
interval, in m. Assume [Delta]h = 0 if you are not correcting for
grade.
[Delta]s = Distance the vehicle travels down the road during the
measurement interval, in m.
Am = the calculated value of the y-intercept based on the
curve-fit.

    (v) Calculate drag area, CDA, in m2 using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.103

Where:
[rho] = Air density at reference conditions = 1.17 kg/m\3\.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.104

T = Average ambient temperature during testing, in K.
PB = Average ambient pressuring during the test, in kPa.

    (8) Determine the A, B, and C coefficients identified in Sec.
1066.210 as follows:
    A = Am
    B = 0
    C = Dadj

Subpart E--Vehicle Preparation and Running a Test

Sec.  1066.401  Overview.

    (a) Use the procedures detailed in this subpart to measure vehicle
emissions over a specified drive schedule. This subpart describes how
to:
    (1) Determine road-load power, test weight, and inertia class.
    (2) Prepare the vehicle, equipment, and measurement instruments for
an emission test.
    (3) Perform pre-test procedures to verify proper operation of
certain equipment and analyzers and to prepare them for testing.
    (4) Record pre-test data.
    (5) Sample emissions.
    (6) Record post-test data.
    (7) Perform post-test procedures to verify proper operation of
certain equipment and analyzers.
    (8) Weigh PM samples.
    (b) An emission test generally consists of measuring emissions and
other parameters while a vehicle follows the drive schedules specified
in the standard-setting part. There are two general types of test
cycles:
    (1) Transient cycles. Transient test cycles are typically specified
in the standard-setting part as a second-by-second sequence of vehicle
speed commands. Operate a vehicle over a transient cycle such that the
speed follows the target values. Proportionally sample emissions and
other parameters and use the calculations in 40 CFR part 86, subpart B,
or 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G, to calculate emissions. The standard-
setting part may specify three types of transient testing based on the
approach to starting the measurement, as follows:
    (i) A cold-start transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions just before starting an engine that has not been warmed up.
    (ii) A hot-start transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions just before starting a warmed-up engine.
    (iii) A hot running transient cycle where you start to measure
emissions after an engine is started, warmed up, and running.
    (2) Cruise cycles. Cruise test cycles are typically specified in
the standard-setting part as a discrete operating point that has a
single speed command.
    (i) Start a cruise cycle as a hot running test, where you start to
measure emissions after the engine is started and warmed up and the
vehicle is running at the target test speed.
    (ii) Sample emissions and other parameters for the cruise cycle in
the same manner as a transient cycle, with the exception that the
reference speed value is constant. Record instantaneous and mean speed
values over the cycle.

Sec.  1066.407  Vehicle preparation and preconditioning.

    This section describes steps to take before measuring exhaust
emissions for those vehicles that are subject to evaporative or
refueling emission tests as specified in the standard setting part.
Other preliminary procedures may apply as specified in the standard-
setting part.
    (a) Prepare the vehicle for testing as described in 40 CFR 86.131.
    (b) If testing will include measurement of refueling emissions,
perform the vehicle preconditioning steps as described in 40 CFR
86.153. Otherwise, perform the vehicle preconditioning steps as
described in 40 CFR 86.132.

Sec.  1066.410  Dynamometer test procedure.

    (a) Dynamometer testing may consist of multiple drive cycles with
both cold-start and hot-start portions, including prescribed soak times
before each test phase. See the standard-setting part for test cycles
and soak times for the appropriate vehicle category. A test phase
consists of engine startup (with accessories operated according to the
standard-setting part), operation over the drive cycle, and engine
shutdown.
    (b) During dynamometer operation, position a cooling fan that
appropriately directs cooling air to the vehicle. This generally
requires squarely positioning the fan within 30 centimeters of the
front of the vehicle and directing the airflow to the vehicle's
radiator.

    (1) For vehicles with GVWR at or below 14,000 lbs, you may use
either of the following cooling fan configurations:
    (i) Use a fixed-speed fan to appropriately direct cooling air to
the vehicle with the engine compartment cover open. The fan capacity
may not exceed 2.50 m\3\/s. If you determine that additional cooling is
needed to properly represent in-use operation, use good engineering
judgment to increase the fan's capacity or use additional fans, subject
to our approval.
    (ii) Use a road-speed modulated fan system that achieves a linear
speed of cooling air at the blower outlet that is within 3.0 mph (1.3 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed
when vehicle speeds are between 5 and 30 mph (2.2 to 13.4 m/s), and
within 6.5 mph (2.9 m/s) of the corresponding
roll speed at higher vehicle speeds. The fan must provide no cooling
air for vehicle speeds below 5 mph, unless we approve your request to
provide cooling during low-speed operation based on a demonstration
that this is appropriate to simulate cooling for in-use vehicles. We
recommend that the cooling fan have a minimum opening of 0.2 m\2\ and a
minimum width of 0.8 m.
    (2) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, use a road-speed
modulated fan system that achieves a linear speed of cooling air at the
blower outlet that is within 3.0 mph (1.3 m/s)
of the corresponding roll speed when vehicle speeds are between 5 and
30 mph (2.2 to 13.4 m/s), and within 10 mph (4.5 m/s) of the corresponding roll speed at higher vehicle
speeds. The fan must provide no cooling air for vehicle speeds below 5
mph, unless we approve your request to provide cooling during low-speed
operation based on a demonstration that this is appropriate to simulate
the cooling experienced by in-use vehicles. We recommend that the
cooling fan have a minimum opening of 2.75 m\2\, a minimum flow rate of
3,600 m\3\/min at 50 mph, and that it maintain a minimum speed profile
across the duct, in the free stream flow, of 15% of the
target flow rate.
    (3) If the cooling specifications in this paragraph (b) are
impractical for special vehicle designs, such as vehicles with rear-
mounted engines, you may arrange for an alternative fan configuration
that allows for proper simulation of vehicle cooling during in-use
operation, subject to our approval.
    (c) Record the vehicle's speed trace based on the time and speed
data from the dynamometer. Record speed to at least the nearest 0.01 m/
s or 0.1 mph and time to at least the nearest 0.1 s.
    (d) You may perform practice runs for operating the vehicle and the
dynamometer controls to meet the driving tolerances specified in Sec.
1066.430 or adjust the emission sampling equipment. Verify that the
accelerator pedal allows for enough control to closely follow the
prescribed driving schedule. You may not measure emissions during a
practice run.
    (e) Inflate the drive wheel tires according to the vehicle
manufacturer's specifications. The drive wheels' tire pressure must be
the same for dynamometer operation and for coastdown procedures for
determining road-load coefficients. Report these tire pressure values
with the test results.
    (f) For vehicles with GVWR above 14,000 lbs, you must use a vehicle
pull down mechanism that allows simulation of the actual normal forces
that the tire and dynamometer roll interface would see if a loaded
vehicle were actually being tested. Use of this mechanism will ensure
that wheel slip does not occur when trying to accelerate the loaded
vehicle.
    (g) Use good engineering judgment when testing vehicles in four-
wheel drive or all-wheel drive mode. This may involve testing on a
dynamometer with a separate dynamometer roll for each drive axle. This
may also involve operation on a single roll, which may require
disengaging the second set of drive wheels, either with a switch
available to the driver or by some other means; however, operating such
a vehicle on a single roll may occur only if this does not decrease
emissions or energy consumption relative to normal in-use operation.
Alternatively, for heavy-duty motor vehicles, up to two drive axles may
use a single drive roll, as described in Sec.  1066.210(d)(2).
    (h) Warm up the dynamometer as recommended by the dynamometer
manufacturer.
    (i) Following the test, determine the actual driving distance by
counting the number of dynamometer roll or shaft revolutions, or by
integrating speed over the course of testing from a high-resolution
encoder system.

Sec.  1066.420  Pre-test verification procedures and pre-test data
collection.

    (a) Follow the procedures for PM sample preconditioning and tare
weighing as described in 40 CFR 1065.590 if your engine must comply
with a PM standard.
    (b) Unless the standard-setting part specifies different
tolerances, verify at some point before the test that ambient
conditions are within the tolerances specified in this paragraph (b).
For purposes of this paragraph (b), ``before the test'' means any time
from a point just prior to engine starting (excluding engine restarts)
to the point at which emission sampling begins.
    (1) Ambient temperature must be (20 to 30) [deg]C. See Sec.
1066.430(m) for circumstances under which ambient temperatures must
remain within this range during the test.
    (2) Atmospheric pressure must be (80.000 to 103.325) kPa. You are
not required to verify atmospheric pressure prior to a hot-start test
interval for testing that also includes a cold start.
    (3) Dilution air conditions must meet the specifications in 40 CFR
1065.140, except in cases where you preheat your CVS before a cold-
start test. We recommend verifying dilution air conditions just before
starting each test phase.
    (c) You may test vehicles at any intake-air humidity.
    (d) You may perform a final calibration of proportional-flow
control systems, which may include performing practice runs.
    (e) You may perform the following procedure to precondition
sampling systems:
    (1) Operate the vehicle over the test cycle.
    (2) Operate any dilution systems at their expected flow rates.
Prevent aqueous condensation in the dilution systems.
    (3) Operate any PM sampling systems at their expected flow rates.
    (4) Sample PM for at least 10 min using any sample media. You may
change sample media during preconditioning. You must discard
preconditioning samples without weighing them.
    (5) You may purge any gaseous sampling systems during
preconditioning.
    (6) You may conduct calibrations or verifications on any idle
equipment or analyzers during preconditioning.
    (7) Proceed with the test sequence described in Sec.  1066.430.
    (f) Verify the amount of nonmethane hydrocarbon (or equivalent)
contamination in the exhaust and background HC sampling systems within
8 hours before the start of the first test drive cycle for each
individual vehicle tested as described in 40 CFR 1065.520(g).

Sec.  1066.425  Engine starting and restarting.

    (a) Start the vehicle's engine as follows:
    (1) At the beginning of the test cycle, start the engine according
to the procedure you describe in your owners manual. In the case of
hybrid vehicles, this would generally involve activating vehicle
systems such that the engine will start when the vehicle's control

algorithms determine that the engine should provide power instead of or
in addition to power from the rechargeable energy storage system
(RESS). Unless we specify otherwise, engine starting throughout this
part generally refers to this step of activating the system on hybrid
vehicles, whether or not that causes the engine to start running.
    (2) Place the transmission in gear as described by the test cycle
in the standard-setting part. During idle operation, you may apply the
brakes if necessary to keep the drive wheels from turning.
    (b) If the vehicle does not start after your recommended maximum
cranking time, wait and restart cranking according to your recommended
practice. If you don't recommend such a cranking procedure, stop
cranking after 10 seconds, wait for 10 seconds, then start cranking
gain for up to 10 seconds. You may repeat this for up to three start
attempts. If the vehicle does not start after three attempts, you must
determine and record the reason for failure to start. Shut off sampling
systems and either turn the CVS off, or disconnect the exhaust tube
from the tailpipe during the diagnostic period. Reschedule the vehicle
for testing from a cold start.
    (c) Repeat the recommended starting procedure if the engine has a
``false start.''
    (d) Take the following steps if the engine stalls:
    (1) If the engine stalls during an idle period, restart the engine
immediately and continue the test. If you cannot restart the engine
soon enough to allow the vehicle to follow the next acceleration, stop
the driving schedule indicator and reactivate it when the vehicle
restarts.
    (2) If the engine stalls during operation other than idle, stop the
driving schedule indicator, restart the engine, accelerate to the speed
required at that point in the driving schedule, reactivate the driving
schedule indicator, and continue the test.
    (3) Void the test if the vehicle will not restart within one
minute. If this happens, remove the vehicle from the dynamometer, take
corrective action, and reschedule the vehicle for testing. Record the
reason for the malfunction (if determined) and any corrective action.
See the standard-setting part for instructions about reporting these
malfunctions.

Sec.  1066.430  Performing emission tests.

    The overall test consists of prescribed sequences of fueling,
parking, and driving at specified test conditions.
    (a) Vehicles are tested for criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas
emissions as described in the standard-setting part.
    (b) Take the following steps before emission sampling begins:
    (1) For batch sampling, connect clean storage media, such as
evacuated bags or tare-weighed filters.
    (2) Start all measurement instruments according to the instrument
manufacturer's instructions and using good engineering judgment.
    (3) Start dilution systems, sample pumps, and the data-collection
system.
    (4) Pre-heat or pre-cool heat exchangers in the sampling system to
within their operating temperature tolerances for a test.
    (5) Allow heated or cooled components such as sample lines,
filters, chillers, and pumps to stabilize at their operating
temperatures.
    (6) Verify that there are no significant vacuum-side leaks
according to 40 CFR 1065.345.
    (7) Adjust the sample flow rates to desired levels using bypass
flow, if desired.
    (8) Zero or re-zero any electronic integrating devices before the
start of any test interval.
    (9) Select gas analyzer ranges. You may automatically or manually
switch gas analyzer ranges during a test only if switching is performed
by changing the span over which the digital resolution of the
instrument is applied. During a test you may not switch the gains of an
analyzer's analog operational amplifier(s).
    (10) Zero and span all continuous gas analyzers using NIST-
traceable gases that meet the specifications of 40 CFR 1065.750. Span
FID analyzers on a carbon number basis of one (C1). For
example, if you use a C3H8 span gas of
concentration 200 [mu]mol/mol, span the FID to respond with a value of
600 [mu]mol/mol. Span FID analyzers consistent with the determination
of their respective response factors, RF, and penetration fractions,
PF, according to 40 CFR 1065.365.
    (11) We recommend that you verify gas analyzer responses after
zeroing and spanning by sampling a calibration gas that has a
concentration near one-half of the span gas concentration. Based on the
results and good engineering judgment, you may decide whether or not to
re-zero, re-span, or re-calibrate a gas analyzer before starting a
test.
    (12) If you correct for dilution air background concentrations of
associated engine exhaust constituents, start sampling and recording
background concentrations.
    (13) Turn on cooling fans immediately before starting the test.
    (c) Operate vehicles during testing as follows:
    (1) Where we do not give specific instructions, operate the vehicle
according to your recommendations in the owners manual, unless those
recommendations are unrepresentative of what may reasonably be expected
for in-use operation.
    (2) If vehicles have features that preclude dynamometer testing,
modify these features as necessary to allow testing, consistent with
good engineering judgment.
    (3) Operate vehicles during idle as follows:
    (i) For a vehicle with an automatic transmission, operate at idle
with the transmission in ``Drive'' with the wheels braked, except that
you may shift to ``Neutral'' for the first idle period and for any idle
period longer than one minute. If you put the vehicle in ``Neutral''
during an idle, you must shift the vehicle into ``Drive'' with the
wheels braked at least 5 seconds before the end of the idle period.
    (ii) For vehicles with manual transmission, operate at idle with
the transmission in gear with the clutch disengaged, except that you
may shift to ``Neutral'' with the clutch disengaged for the first idle
period and for any idle period longer than one minute. If you put the
vehicle in ``Neutral'' during idle, you must shift to first gear with
the clutch disengaged at least 5 seconds before the end of the idle
period.
    (4) Operate the vehicle with the appropriate accelerator pedal
movement necessary to achieve the speed versus time relationship
prescribed by the driving schedule. Avoid smoothing speed variations
and excessive accelerator pedal perturbations.
    (5) Operate the vehicle smoothly, following representative shift
speeds and procedures. For manual transmissions, the operator shall
release the accelerator pedal during each shift and accomplish the
shift with minimum time. If the vehicle cannot accelerate at the
specified rate, operate it at maximum available power until the vehicle
speed reaches the value prescribed for that time in the driving
schedule.
    (6) Decelerate without changing gears, using the brakes or
accelerator pedal as necessary to maintain the desired speed. Keep the
clutch engaged on manual transmission vehicles and do not change gears
after the end of the acceleration event. Depress manual transmission
clutches when the speed drops below 6.7 m/s (15 mph), when engine

roughness is evident, or when engine stalling is imminent.
    (7) For test vehicles equipped with manual transmissions, shift
gears in a way that represents reasonable shift patterns for in-use
operation, considering vehicle speed, engine speed, and any other
relevant variables. You may recommend a shift schedule in your owners
manual that differs from your shift schedule during testing as long as
you include both shift schedules in your application for certification.
In this case, we may use the shift schedule you describe in your owners
manual.
    (d) See the standard-setting part for drive schedules. These are
defined by a smooth trace drawn through the specified speed vs. time
sequence.
    (e) The driver must attempt to follow the target schedule as
closely as possible, consistent with the specifications in paragraph
(b) of this section. Instantaneous speeds must stay within the
following tolerances:
    (1) The upper limit is 1.0 m/s (2 mph) higher than the highest
point on the trace within 1.0 s of the given point in time.
    (2) The lower limit is 1.0 m/s (2 mph) lower than the lowest point
on the trace within 1.0 s of the given time.
    (3) The same limits apply for vehicle preconditioning, except that
the upper and lower limits for speed values are 2.0 m/s
(4 mph).
    (4) Void the test if you do not maintain speed values as specified
in this paragraph (e)(4). Speed variations (such as may occur during
gear changes or braking spikes) may occur as follows, provided that
such variations are clearly documented, including the time and speed
values and the reason for the deviation:
    (i) Speed variations greater than the specified limits are
acceptable for up to 2.0 seconds on any occasion.
    (ii) For vehicles that are not able to maintain acceleration as
specified in paragraph (c)(5) of this section, do not count the
insufficient acceleration as being outside the specified limits.
    (f) Figure 1 and Figure 2 of this section show the range of
acceptable speed tolerances for typical points during testing. Figure 1
of this section is typical of portions of the speed curve that are
increasing or decreasing throughout the 2-second time interval. Figure
2 of this section is typical of portions of the speed curve that
include a maximum or minimum value.
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR15SE11.105

BILLING CODE 4910-59-c
    (g) Start testing as follows:
    (1) If a vehicle is already running and warmed up, and starting is
not part of the test cycle, operate the vehicle as follows:

    (i) For transient test cycles, control vehicle speeds to follow a
drive schedule consisting of a series of idles, accelerations, cruises,
and decelerations.
    (ii) For cruise test cycles, control the vehicle operation to match
the speed of the first phase of the test cycle. Follow the instructions
in the standard-setting part to determine how long to stabilize the
vehicle during each phase, how long to sample emissions at each phase,
and how to transition between phases.
    (2) If engine starting is part of the test cycle, initiate data
logging, sampling of exhaust gases, and integrating measured values
before starting the engine. Initiate the driver's trace when the engine
starts.
    (h) At the end of each test interval, continue to operate all
sampling and dilution systems to allow the response times to elapse.
Then stop all sampling and recording, including the recording of
background samples. Finally, stop any integrating devices and indicate
the end of the duty cycle in the recorded data.
    (i) Shut down the vehicle if it is part of the test cycle or if
testing is complete.
    (j) If testing involves engine shutdown followed by another test
phase, start a timer for the vehicle soak when the engine shuts down.
    (k) Take the following steps after emission sampling is complete:
    (1) For any proportional batch sample, such as a bag sample or PM
sample, verify that proportional sampling was maintained according to
40 CFR 1065.545. Void any samples that did not maintain proportional
sampling according to specifications.
    (2) Place any used PM samples into covered or sealed containers and
return them to the PM-stabilization environment. Follow the PM sample
post-conditioning and total weighing procedures in 40 CFR 1065.595.
    (3) As soon as practical after the test cycle is complete, or
optionally during the soak period if practical, perform the following:
    (i) Drift check all continuous gas analyzers and zero and span all
batch gas analyzers no later than 30 minutes after the test cycle is
complete, or during the soak period if practical.
    (ii) Analyze any conventional gaseous batch samples no later than
30 minutes after a test phase is complete, or during the soak period if
practical. Analyze nonconventional gaseous batch samples, such as NMHCE
sampling with ethanol, as soon as practicable using good engineering
judgment.
    (iii) Analyze background samples no later than 60 minutes after the
test cycle is complete.
    (4) After quantifying exhaust gases, verify drift as follows:
    (i) For batch and continuous gas analyzers, record the mean
analyzer value after stabilizing a zero gas to the analyzer.
Stabilization may include time to purge the analyzer of any sample gas,
plus any additional time to account for analyzer response.
    (ii) Record the mean analyzer value after stabilizing the span gas
to the analyzer. Stabilization may include time to purge the analyzer
of any sample gas, plus any additional time to account for analyzer
response.
    (iii) Use these data to validate and correct for drift as described
in 40 CFR 1065.550.
    (l) [Reserved]
    (m) Measure and record ambient temperature and pressure. Also
measure humidity, as required, such as for correcting NOX
emissions. For testing vehicles with the following engines, you must
record ambient temperature continuously to verify that it remains
within the temperature range specified in Sec.  1066.420(b)(1)
throughout the test:
    (1) Air-cooled engines.
    (2) Engines equipped with emission control devices that sense and
respond to ambient temperature.
    (3) Any other engine for which good engineering judgment indicates
that this is necessary to remain consistent with 40 CFR 1065.10(c)(1).

Subpart F--Hybrids

Sec.  1066.501  Overview.

    To correct fuel economy or emission results for Net Energy Change
of the RESS, use the procedures specified for charge-sustaining
operation in SAE J2711 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1066.710).

Subpart G--Calculations

Sec.  1066.601  Overview.

    (a) This subpart describes how to--
    (1) Use the signals recorded before, during, and after an emission
test to calculate distance-specific emissions of each regulated
pollutant.
    (2) Perform calculations for calibrations and performance checks.
    (3) Determine statistical values.
    (b) You may use data from multiple systems to calculate test
results for a single emission test, consistent with good engineering
judgment. You may also make multiple measurements from a single batch
sample, such as multiple weighing of a PM filter or multiple readings
from a bag sample. You may not use test results from multiple emission
tests to report emissions. We allow weighted means where appropriate.
You may discard statistical outliers, but you must report all results.

Sec.  1066.610  Mass-based and molar-based exhaust emission
calculations.

    (a) Calculate your total mass of emissions over a test cycle as
specified in 40 CFR 86.144 or 40 CFR part 1065, subpart G.
    (b) For composite emission calculations over multiple test phases
and corresponding weighting factors, see the standard-setting part.

Subpart H--Definitions and Other Reference Material

Sec.  1066.701  Definitions.

    The definitions in this section apply to this part. The definitions
apply to all subparts unless we note otherwise. Other terms have the
meaning given in 40 CFR part 1065. The definitions follow:
    Base inertia means a value expressed in mass units to represent the
rotational inertia of the rotating dynamometer components between the
vehicle driving tires and the dynamometer torque-measuring device, as
specified in Sec.  1066.250.
    Driving schedule means a series of vehicle speeds that a vehicle
must follow during a test. Driving schedules are specified in the
standard-setting part. A driving schedule may consist of multiple test
phases.
    Duty cycle means a set of weighting factors and the corresponding
test cycles, where the weighting factors are used to combine the
results of multiple test phases into a composite result.
    Road-load coefficients means sets of A, B, and C road-load force
coefficients that are used in the dynamometer road-load simulation,
where road-load force at speed S equals A + B[middot]S + C[middot]S\2\.
    Test phase means a duration over which a vehicle's emission rates
are determined for comparison to an emission standard. For example, the
standard-setting part may specify a complete duty cycle as a cold-start
test phase and a hot-start test phase. In cases where multiple test
phases occur over a duty cycle, the standard-setting part may specify
additional calculations that weight and combine results to arrive at
composite values for comparison against the applicable standards.
    Test weight has the meaning given in the standard-setting part.
    Unloaded coastdown means a dynamometer coastdown run with the
vehicle wheels off the roll surface.

Sec.  1066.705  Symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, and units of measure.

    The procedures in this part generally follow either the
International System of

Units (SI) or the United States customary units, as detailed in NIST
Special Publication 811, which we incorporate by reference in Sec.
1066.710. See 40 CFR 1065.20 for specific provisions related to these
conventions. This section summarizes the way we use symbols, units of
measure, and other abbreviations.
    (a) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols
and units of measure for various quantities:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Symbol                Quantity                   Unit                          Unit symbol                     Unit in terms of SI base units
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a.................  acceleration...........  feet per second squared  ft/s\2\ or m/s\2\                         m[middot]s-2
                                              or meters per second
                                              squared.
d.................  diameter...............  meters.................  m                                         m
F.................  force..................  pound force or newton..  lbf or N                                  kg[middot]s-2
f.................  frequency..............  hertz..................  Hz                                        s-1
I.................  inertia................  pound mass or kilogram.  lbm or kg                                 kg
i.................  indexing variable......  .......................  ........................................  ........................................
M.................  mass...................  pound mass or kilogram.  lbm or kg                                 kg
N.................  total number in series.  .......................  ........................................  ........................................
n.................  total number of pulses   .......................  ........................................  ........................................
                     in a series.
R.................  dynamometer roll         revolutions per minute.  rpm                                       2[middot][pi][middot]60-1[middot]
                     revolutions.                                                                                m[middot]m-1[middot]s-1
RL................  road-load coefficient..  horsepower or kilowatt.  hp or kW                                  10\3\[middot]m\2\[middot]kg[middot]s-3
S.................  speed..................  miles per hour or        mph or m/s                                m[middot]s-1
                                              meters per second.
T.................  Celsius temperature....  degree Celsius.........  [deg]C                                    K-273.15
T.................  torque (moment of        newton meter...........  N[middot]m                                m\2\[middot]kg[middot]s-2
                     force).
t.................  time...................  second.................  s                                         s
[Delta]t..........  time interval, period,   second.................  s                                         s
                     1/frequency.
y.................  generic variable.......  .......................  ........................................  ........................................
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following
symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Symbol                              Species
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CH4....................................  methane
CO.....................................  carbon monoxide
CO2....................................  carbon dioxide
NMHC...................................  nonmethane hydrocarbon
NMHCE..................................  nonmethane hydrocarbon
                                          equivalent
NO.....................................  nitric oxide
NO2....................................  nitrogen dioxide
NOX....................................  oxides of nitrogen
N2O....................................  nitrous oxide
O2.....................................  molecular oxygen
PM.....................................  particulate mass
THC....................................  total hydrocarbon
THCE...................................  total hydrocarbon equivalent
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (c) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts to
define a quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                           Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as) y8......................  arithmetic mean
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts to define
a quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Subscript                             Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
int....................................  speed interval
abs....................................  absolute quantity
act....................................  actual or measured condition
actint.................................  actual or measured condition
                                          over the speed interval
atmos..................................  atmospheric
b......................................  base
c......................................  coastdown
e......................................  effective
error..................................  error
exp....................................  expected quantity
i......................................  an individual of a series
final..................................  final
init...................................  initial quantity, typically
                                          before an emission test
max....................................  the maximum (i.e., peak) value
                                          expected at the standard over
                                          a test interval; not the
                                          maximum of an instrument range
meas...................................  measured quantity
ref....................................  reference quantity
rev....................................  revolution
roll...................................  dynamometer roll
s......................................  settling
sat....................................  saturated condition
si.....................................  speed interval
span...................................  span quantity
test...................................  test quantity
uncor..................................  uncorrected quantity
zero...................................  zero quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (e) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

------------------------------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------
CFR....................................  Code of Federal Regulations
EPA....................................  Environmental Protection Agency
FID....................................  flame-ionization detector
GVWR...................................  gross vehicle weight rating
NIST...................................  National Institute for
                                          Standards and Technology
RESS...................................  rechargeable energy storage
                                          system
SAE....................................  Society of Automotive Engineers
U.S.C..................................  United States Code
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  1066.710  Reference materials.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must
publish a notice of the change in the Federal Register and the material
must be available to the public. All approved material is available for
inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building,
Washington, DC 20460,<PHONE_NUMBER>, and is available from the sources
listed below. It is also available for inspection at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
    (b) Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096-0001,<PHONE_NUMBER> (U.S. and Canada) or (724)
776-4970 (outside the U.S. and Canada), http://www.sae.org.
    (1) SAE J1263, Road Load Measurement and Dynamometer Simulation
Using Coastdown Techniques, Revised March 2010, IBR approved for
Sec. Sec.  1066.301(b) and 1066.310(b).
    (2) SAE J2263, Road Load Measurement Using Onboard

Anemometry and Coastdown Techniques, Revised December 2008, IBR
approved for Sec. Sec.  1066.301(b), and 1066.310(b).
    (3) SAE J2711, Recommended Practice for Measuring Fuel Economy and
Emissions of Hybrid-Electric and Conventional Heavy-Duty Vehicles,
Issued September 2002, IBR approved for Sec.  1066.501.
    (c) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau
Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070,<PHONE_NUMBER>, http://www.nist.gov, or<EMAIL_ADDRESS>    (1) NIST Special Publication 811, 2008 Edition, Guide for the Use
of the International System of Units (SI), March 2008, IBR approved for
Sec. Sec.  1066.20(a) and 1066.705.
    (2) [Reserved]

PART 1068--GENERAL COMPLIANCE PROVISIONS FOR HIGHWAY, STATIONARY,
AND NONROAD PROGRAMS

0
94. The authority citation for part 1068 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
95. The heading for part 1068 is revised to read as set forth above.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
96. Section 1068.1 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1068.1  Does this part apply to me?

    (a) The provisions of this part apply to everyone with respect to
the following engines and to equipment using the following engines
(including owners, operators, parts manufacturers, and persons
performing maintenance):
    (1) Locomotives we regulate under 40 CFR part 1033.
    (2) Heavy-duty motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines to the
extent and in the manner specified in 40 CFR parts 85, 86, 1036 and
1037.
    (3) Land-based nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 1039.
    (4) Stationary compression-ignition engines certified using the
provisions of 40 CFR part 1039, as indicated in 40 CFR part 60, subpart
IIII.
    (5) Marine compression-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1042.
    (6) Marine spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR part
1045.
    (7) Large nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1048.
    (8) Stationary spark-ignition engines certified using the
provisions of 40 CFR part 1048 or part 1054, as indicated in 40 CFR
part 60, subpart JJJJ.
    (9) Recreational engines and vehicles we regulate under 40 CFR part
1051 (such as snowmobiles and off-highway motorcycles).
    (10) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 1054.
    (b) This part does not apply to any of the following engine or
vehicle categories, except as specified in paragraph (d) of this
section or as specified in other parts:
    (1) Light-duty motor vehicles (see 40 CFR part 86).
    (2) Highway motorcycles (see 40 CFR part 86).
    (3) Aircraft engines (see 40 CFR part 87).
    (4) Land-based nonroad compression-ignition engines we regulate
under 40 CFR part 89.
    (5) Small nonroad spark-ignition engines we regulate under 40 CFR
part 90.
    (c) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of engines and equipment. This part 1068 refers to each of these
other parts generically as the ``standard-setting part.'' For example,
40 CFR part 1051 is always the standard-setting part for snowmobiles.
Follow the provisions of the standard-setting part if they are
different than any of the provisions in this part.
    (d) Specific provisions in this part 1068 start to apply separate
from the schedule for certifying engines to new emission standards, as
follows:
    (1) The provisions of Sec. Sec.  1068.30 and 1068.310 apply for
stationary spark-ignition engines built on or after January 1, 2004,
and for stationary compression-ignition engines built on or after
January 1, 2006.
    (2) The provisions of Sec. Sec.  1068.30 and 1068.235 apply for the
types of engines/equipment listed in paragraph (a) of this section
beginning January 1, 2004, if they are used solely for competition.

Subpart C--[Amended]

0
97. Section 1068.210 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1068.210  What are the provisions for exempting test engines/
equipment?

    (a) We may exempt engines/equipment that you will use for research,
investigations, studies, demonstrations, or training. Note that you are
not required to get an exemption under this section for engines that
are exempted under other provisions of this part, such as the
manufacturer-owned exemption in Sec.  1068.215.
    (b) Anyone may ask for a testing exemption.
    (c) If you are a certificate holder, you may request an exemption
for engines/equipment you intend to include in test programs over a
two-year period.
    (1) In your request, tell us the maximum number of engines/
equipment involved and describe how you will make sure exempted
engines/equipment are used only for this testing. For example, if the
exemption will involve other companies using your engines/equipment,
describe your plans to track individual units so you can properly
report on their final disposition.
    (2) Give us the information described in paragraph (d) of this
section if we ask for it.
    (d) If you are not a certificate holder, do all the following
things:
    (1) Show that the proposed test program has a valid purpose under
paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Show you need an exemption to achieve the purpose of the test
program (time constraints may be a basis for needing an exemption, but
the cost of certification alone is not).
    (3) Estimate the duration of the proposed test program and the
number of engines/equipment involved.
    (4) Allow us to monitor the testing.
    (5) Describe how you will ensure that you stay within this
exemption's purposes. Address at least the following things:
    (i) The technical nature of the test.
    (ii) The test site.
    (iii) The duration and accumulated engine/equipment operation
associated with the test.
    (iv) Ownership and control of the engines/equipment involved in the
test.
    (v) The intended final disposition of the engines/equipment.
    (vi) How you will identify, record, and make available the engine/
equipment identification numbers.
    (vii) The means or procedure for recording test results.
    (e) If we approve your request for a testing exemption, we will
send you a letter or a memorandum describing the basis and scope of the
exemption. It will also include any necessary terms and conditions,
which normally require you to do the following:
    (1) Stay within the scope of the exemption.
    (2) Create and maintain adequate records that we may inspect.
    (3) Add a permanent label to all engines/equipment exempted under
this section, consistent with Sec.  1068.45, with at least the
following items:

    (i) The label heading ``EMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION''.
    (ii) Your corporate name and trademark.
    (iii) Engine displacement, family identification, and model year of
the engine/equipment (as applicable), or whom to contact for further
information.
    (iv) One of these statements (as applicable):
    (A) ``THIS ENGINE IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.210 OR 1068.215 FROM
EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
    (B) ``THIS EQUIPMENT IS EXEMPT UNDER 40 CFR 1068.210 OR 1068.215
FROM EMISSION STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS.''
    (4) Tell us when the test program is finished.
    (5) Tell us the final disposition of the engines/equipment.
    (6) Send us a written confirmation that you meet the terms and
conditions of this exemption.

0
98. Section 1068.235 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1068.235  What are the provisions for exempting engines/equipment
used solely for competition?

    (a) New engines/equipment you produce that are used solely for
competition are generally excluded from emission standards. See the
standard-setting parts for specific provisions where applicable.
    (b) If you modify any nonroad engines/equipment after they have
been placed into service in the United States so they will be used
solely for competition, they are exempt without request. This exemption
applies only to the prohibition in Sec.  1068.101(b)(1) and is valid
only as long as the engine/equipment is used solely for competition.
You may not use the provisions of this paragraph (b) to circumvent the
requirements that apply to the sale of new competition engines under
the standard-setting part.
    (c) If you modify any nonroad engines/equipment under paragraph (b)
of this section, you must destroy the original emission labels. If you
loan, lease, sell, or give any of these engines/equipment to someone
else, you must tell the new owner (or operator, if applicable) in
writing that they may be used only for competition.

Subpart D--[Amended]

0
99. Section 1068.325 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1068.325  What are the temporary exemptions for imported engines/
equipment?

    You may import engines/equipment under certain temporary
exemptions, subject to the conditions in this section. We may ask U.S.
Customs and Border Protection to require a specific bond amount to make
sure you comply with the requirements of this subpart. You may not sell
or lease one of these engines/equipment while it is in the United
States except as specified in this section or Sec.  1068.201(i). You
must eventually export the engine/equipment as we describe in this
section unless it conforms to a certificate of conformity or it
qualifies for one of the permanent exemptions in Sec.  1068.315.
    (a) Exemption for repairs or alterations. You may temporarily
import nonconforming engines/equipment under bond solely for repair or
alteration, subject to our advance approval as described in paragraph
(j) of this section. You may operate the engine/equipment in the United
States only as necessary to repair it, alter it, or ship it to or from
the service location. Export the engine/equipment directly after
servicing is complete.
    (b) Testing exemption. You may temporarily import nonconforming
engines/equipment under bond for testing if you follow the requirements
of Sec.  1068.210, subject to our advance approval as described in
paragraph (j) of this section. You may operate the engines/equipment in
the United States only as needed to perform tests. This exemption
expires one year after you import the engine/equipment unless we
approve an extension. The engine/equipment must be exported before the
exemption expires. You may sell or lease the engines/equipment
consistent with the provisions of Sec.  1068.210.
    (c) Display exemption. You may temporarily import nonconforming
engines/equipment under bond for display if you follow the requirements
of Sec.  1068.220, subject to our advance approval as described in
paragraph (j) of this section. This exemption expires one year after
you import the engine/equipment, unless we approve your request for an
extension. We may approve an extension of up to one more year for each
request, but no more than three years total. The engine/equipment must
be exported by the time the exemption expires or directly after the
display concludes, whichever comes first.
    (d) Export exemption. You may temporarily import nonconforming
engines/equipment to export them, as described in Sec.  1068.230. You
may operate the engine/equipment in the United States only as needed to
prepare it for export. Label the engine/equipment as described in Sec.
1068.230. You may sell or lease the engines/equipment for operation
outside the United States consistent with the provisions of Sec.
1068.230.
    (e) Diplomatic or military exemption. You may temporarily import
nonconforming engines/equipment without bond if you represent a foreign
government in a diplomatic or military capacity. In your request to the
Designated Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1068.305), include either
written confirmation from the U.S. State Department that you qualify
for this exemption or a copy of your orders for military duty in the
United States. We will rely on the State Department or your military
orders to determine when your diplomatic or military status expires, at
which time you must export your exempt engines/equipment.
    (f) Delegated-assembly exemption. You may import a nonconforming
engine for final assembly under the provisions of Sec.  1068.261. You
may sell or lease the engines/equipment consistent with the provisions
of Sec.  1068.261.
    (g) Exemption for partially complete engines. You may import an
engine if another company already has a certificate of conformity and
will be modifying the engine to be in its final certified configuration
or a final exempt configuration under the provisions of Sec.  1068.262.
You may also import a partially complete engine by shipping it from one
of your facilities to another under the provisions of Sec.