[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 181 (Wednesday, September 18, 2013)]
[Notices]
[Pages 57455-57456]
[FR Doc No: 2013-22622]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

[Docket No. PHMSA-2013-0137]

Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA),
DOT.

ACTION: Notice and request for comments.

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SUMMARY: In compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44
U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), this notice announces that the Information
Collection Request (ICR) abstracted below is being forwarded to the
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and approval. A
Federal Register Notice with a 60-day comment period soliciting
comments on the following information collection was published on June
14, 2013, (78 FR 36016). PHMSA received one comment in response to that
notice. PHMSA is publishing this notice to respond to the comment,
provide the public with an additional 30 days to comment, and announce
that the revised Information Collection will be submitted to the Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) for approval.

ADDRESSES: Send comments regarding the burden estimate, including
suggestions for reducing the burden, to OMB, Attention: Desk Officer
for PHMSA, 725 17th Street NW., Washington, DC 20503.

DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before October 18, 2013.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Angela Dow by telephone at 202-366-
1246, by fax at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or by mail at U.S. Department of
Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration,
1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., PHP-30, Washington, DC 20590-0001.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 1320.8(d), Title 5, Code of Federal
Regulations requires PHMSA to provide interested members of the public
and affected agencies an opportunity to comment on information
collection and recordkeeping requests. This notice identifies an
information collection request that PHMSA will be submitting to OMB for
renewal and extension. This information collection is contained in the
pipeline safety regulations at 49 CFR Parts 190-199.

Summary of Topic Comments/Responses

    During the two-month response period for the information collection
renewal, PHMSA received one comment from the Pipeline Safety Trust
(PST). This 30-day notice responds to the comments, which may be found
at http://www.regulations.gov, at docket number PHMSA-2013-0137. The
following is a summary of the comment received:
    Comment: The Pipeline Safety Trust (PST) believes that improvements
are needed to the data collected by the NPMS. They point out, ``The
accuracy of the data is not high enough to adequately assist local
communities who are planning or preparing for potential emergencies;''
and suggest that PHMSA require, rather than suggest, NPMS data
submissions be made annually. The PST also requests that PHMSA require
data on pipelines that are in High Consequence Areas (HCAs) to be
submitted at a greater degree of accuracy and recommends that PHMSA

heeds NTSB's (P-11-1) recommendation that pipeline operators share ``.
. . system-specific information, including pipe diameter, operating
pressure, product transported, and potential impact radius, about their
pipeline systems . . .'' through the NPMS system. PST believes that
sharing this information would be a good way to make this important
data accessible to emergency management and planning professionals in
local communities.
    PHMSA's Response: PHMSA will consider PST's comment when evaluating
further changes to the NPMS data.
    The following information is provided for each information
collection: (1) Title of the information collection; (2) OMB control
number; (3) type of request; (4) abstract of the information collection
activity; (5) description of affected public; (6) estimate of total
annual reporting and recordkeeping burden; and (7) frequency of
collection. PHMSA will request a three-year term of approval for each
information collection activity.
    PHMSA requests comments on the following information collection:

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Title: National Pipeline Mapping Program.
    OMB Control Number: 2137-0596.
    Type of Request: Renewal of a Previously Approved Information
Collection.
    Abstract: Each operator of a pipeline facility (except distribution
lines and gathering lines) must provide contact information and
geospatial data on their pipeline system. This information should be
updated on an annual basis. The provided information is incorporated
into the National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS) to support various
regulatory programs, pipeline inspections, and authorized external
customers. The periodic updates of operator pipeline data inform the
NPMS of any changes to the data over the previous year and allow PHMSA
to maintain and improve the accuracy of the information.
    Affected Public: Operators of pipeline facilities (except
distribution lines and gathering lines).
    Estimated Number of Responses: 894.
    Annual Estimated Total Annual Burden Hours: 16,312 hours.
    Frequency of Collection: Annual.
    Comments are invited on: whether the proposed collection of
information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of
the Department, including whether the information will have practical
utility; the accuracy of the Department's estimate of the burden of the
proposed information collection; ways to enhance the quality, utility
and clarity of the information to be collected; and ways to minimize
the burden of the collection of information on respondents, including
the use of automated collection techniques or other forms of
information technology. A comment to OMB is most effective if OMB
receives it within 30 days of the date of publication in the Federal
Register.

    Authority: The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995; 44 U.S.C.
Chapter 35, as amended; and 49 CFR 1:48.

    Issued in Washington, DC on September 12, 2013, under authority
delegated in 49 CFR 1.97.
John A. Gale,
Director, Office of Standards and Rulemaking.
[FR Doc. 2013-22622 Filed 9-17-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-60-P


[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 117 (Tuesday, June 20, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 28075-28076]
[FR Doc No: 2017-12781]

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

[Docket No. FDA-2014-N-1072]

Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection;
Comment Request; Application for Participation in Food and Drug
Administration Fellowship Programs

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) is announcing
an opportunity for public comment on the proposed collection of certain
information by the Agency. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
(PRA), Federal Agencies are required to publish notice in the Federal
Register concerning each proposed collection of information, including
each proposed extension of an existing collection of information, and
to allow 60 days for public comment in response to the notice. This
notice solicits comments on ``Application for Participation in FDA
Fellowship Programs.''

DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on the collection
of information by August 21, 2017.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments as follows. Please note that late,
untimely filed comments will not be considered. Electronic comments
must be submitted on or before August 21, 2017. The https://www.regulations.gov electronic filing system will accept comments until
midnight Eastern Time at the end of August 21, 2017. Comments received
by mail/hand delivery/courier (for written/paper submissions) will be
considered timely if they are postmarked or the delivery service
acceptance receipt is on or before that date.

Electronic Submissions

    Submit electronic comments in the following way:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Comments submitted
electronically, including attachments, to https://www.regulations.gov
will be posted to the docket unchanged. Because your comment will be
made public, you are solely responsible for ensuring that your comment
does not include any confidential information that you or a third party
may not wish to be posted, such as medical information, your or anyone
else's Social Security number, or confidential business information,
such as a manufacturing process. Please note that if you include your
name, contact information, or other information that identifies you in
the body of your comments, that information will be posted on https://www.regulations.gov.
     If you want to submit a comment with confidential
information that you do not wish to be made available to the public,
submit the comment as a written/paper submission and in the manner
detailed (see ``Written/Paper Submissions'' and ``Instructions'').

Written/Paper Submissions

    Submit written/paper submissions as follows:
     Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for written/paper
submissions): Dockets Management Staff (HFA-305), Food and Drug
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
     For written/paper comments submitted to the Dockets
Management Staff, FDA will post your comment, as well as any
attachments, except for information submitted, marked and identified,
as confidential, if submitted as detailed in ``Instructions.''
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket No.
FDA-2014-N-1072 for ``Application for Participation in Food and Drug
Administration Fellowship Programs.'' Received comments, those filed in
a timely manner (see ADDRESSES), will be placed in the docket and,
except for those submitted as ``Confidential Submissions,'' publicly
viewable at https://www.regulations.gov or at the Dockets Management
Staff between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
     Confidential Submissions--To submit a comment with
confidential information that you do not wish to be made publicly
available, submit your comments only as a written/paper submission. You
should submit two copies total. One copy will include the information
you claim to be confidential with a heading or cover note that states
``THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.'' The Agency will
review this copy, including the claimed confidential information, in
its consideration of comments. The second copy, which will have the
claimed confidential information redacted/blacked out, will be
available for public viewing and posted on https://www.regulations.gov.
Submit both copies to the Dockets Management Staff. If you do not wish
your name and contact information to be made publicly available, you
can provide this information on the cover sheet and not in the body of
your comments and you must identify this information as
``confidential.'' Any information marked as ``confidential'' will not
be disclosed except in accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other
applicable disclosure law. For more information about FDA's posting of
comments to public dockets, see 80 FR 56469, September 18, 2015, or
access the information at: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-09-18/pdf/2015-23389.pdf.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
the electronic and written/paper comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov and insert the docket number, found in brackets in
the heading of this document, into the ``Search'' box and follow the
prompts and/or go to the Dockets Management Staff, 5630 Fishers Lane,
Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amber Sanford, Office of Operations,
Food and Drug Administration, Three White Flint North, 10A63, 11601
Landsdown St., North Bethesda, MD

20852,<PHONE_NUMBER><EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520), Federal
Agencies must obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) for each collection of information they conduct or sponsor.
``Collection of information'' is defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3) and 5 CFR
1320.3(c) and includes Agency requests or requirements that members of
the public submit reports, keep records, or provide information to a
third party. Section 3506(c)(2)(A) of the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A))
requires Federal Agencies to provide a 60-day notice in the Federal
Register concerning each proposed collection of information, including
each proposed extension of an existing collection of information,
before submitting the collection to OMB for approval. To comply with
this requirement, FDA is publishing notice of the proposed collection
of information set forth in this document.
    With respect to the following collection of information, FDA
invites comments on these topics: (1) Whether the proposed collection
of information is necessary for the proper performance of FDA's
functions, including whether the information will have practical
utility; (2) the accuracy of FDA's estimate of the burden of the
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the
methodology and assumptions used; (3) ways to enhance the quality,
utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (4) ways
to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents,
including through the use of automated collection techniques, when
appropriate, and other forms of information technology.

Application for Participation in FDA Fellowship Programs (Formerly
Application for Participation in the FDA Commissioner's Fellowship
Program)

OMB Control Number 0910-0780--Extension

    Sections 1104, 1302, 3301, 3304, 3320, 3361, 3393, and 3394 of
Title 5 of the United States Code authorize Federal agencies to rate
applicants for Federal jobs. The proposed information collection
involves brief online applications completed by applicants applying to
FDA's fellowship programs. These voluntary online applications will
allow the Agency to easily and efficiently elicit and review
information from students and healthcare professionals who are
interested in becoming involved in FDA-wide activities. The process
will reduce the time and cost of submitting written documentation to
the Agency and lessen the likelihood of applications being misrouted
within the Agency mail system. It will assist the Agency in promoting
and protecting the public health by encouraging outside persons to
share their expertise with FDA.
    FDA estimates the burden of this collection of information as
follows:

                               Table 1--Estimated Annual Recordkeeping Burden \1\
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                                                     Number of                        Average
            Activity                 Number of    responses  per   Total  annual    burden per      Total hours
                                    respondents      respondent      responses       response
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Commissioner's Fellowship                    600               1             600            1.33             798
 Program........................
Regulatory Science Internship                250               1             250               1             250
 Program........................
Medical Device Fellowship                    250               1             250               1             250
 Program........................
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.......................  ..............  ..............  ..............  ..............           1,298
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\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of
  information.

    Dated: June 14, 2017.
Anna K. Abram,
Deputy Commissioner for Policy, Planning, Legislation, and Analysis.
[FR Doc. 2017-12781 Filed 6-19-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4164-01-P


PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK William C. Herz Director of Scientific Programs M E M O R A N D U M TO: Product Testing Recipient FROM: William C. Herz, Director, Scientific Programs SUBJECT: Ammonium Thiosulfate Product Testing Dossier DATE: March 15, 2003 It is with great pleasure that The Fertilizer Institute ( TFI) announces the completion and distribution of the final product testing dossier for Ammonium Thiosulfate ( CAS # 7783 18 8).

As you are aware, TFI sponsored this four   year program to develop and summarize screeninglevel hazard information for high production volume ( HPV) chemicals. The data elements generated represent a broad overview of human health and ecological parameters. These include a physical  chemical characterization, environmental fate, mammalian toxicity and ecotoxicity. A health and environmental safety data summary dossier was prepared for each of the 23 materials. It summarizes the available literature data, new testing data, category description and read across data as well as provides a conclusion regarding the inherent hazards of the material.

Upon receipt of this data a 90 calendar day regulatory trigger starts within which you must update your material safety data sheets ( MS DS). Upon first product shipment you must also notify your distributors and employers once the MS DS has been updated. These regulatory requirements are detailed in 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 5) and 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 6)( i). The requirements are found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration " Hazard Communication Standard" ( 29 CFR 1910.1200).

Please note that by receipt of this data; you agree not to distribute or sell this data beyond your own company. PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY DATA SUMMARY DOCUMENT AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE CAS NO. 7783 18 8 Prepared for:

THE FERTILIZER INSTITUTE January 27, 2003 THE WEINBERG GROUP INC. 1220 Nineteenth St, NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20036 2400 e mail science@ weinberggroup. com WASHINGTON NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO BRUSSELS PARIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW................................................................................................... 1 SIDS DATA PROFILE.......................................................................................................... 8 SIDS DATA SUMMARY..................................................................................................... 9 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.................................................................................... 11 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA.............................................................................. 15 3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS..................................................... 17 4. ECOTOXICITY......................................................................................................... 20 5. TOXICITY................................................................................................................. 22 6. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 29 APPENDICES Appendix A SIDS Data Availability Summary Appendix B SIDS Data Summaries for the Ammonia Compounds Category: Ammonia, Aqua Ammonia, Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN), Urea, Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate, Ammonium Sulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, Diammonium Phosphate, and Monoammonium Phosphate ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BCF Bioconcentration Factor bw Body Weight DAP Diammonium Phosphate DOT Department of Transportation FDA U. S. Food and Drug Administration g/ L Grams per Liter GLP Good Laboratory Practices GTSP Granular Triple Super Phosphate g/ mL Grams per Milliliter HSDB Hazardous Substance Data Bank IPCS International Programme for Chemical Safety KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Koc Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient Kow Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient LC50 Median Lethal Concentration LD50 Median Lethal Dose LOAEL Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level LOEC Lowest Observable Effect Concentration LOEL Lowest Observable Effect Level M Molar MAP Monoammonium Phosphate mg/ kg Milligrams per Kilogram mg/ kg/ day Milligrams per Kilogram per Day mg/ L Milligrams per Liter MHb Methyl Hemoglobin mm Hg Millimeters of Mercury mmol/ L Millimoles per Liter NaNo3 Sodium Nitrate NFPA National Fire Prevention Association ( NH4) 2NO3 Ammonium Nitrate NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NO3 Nitrate NOAEL No Observable Adverse Effect Level NOEC No Observable Effect Concentration NOEL No Observable Effect Level OECD Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Pa Pascal ppm Parts per Million SCAS Semi Continuous Activated Sludge SIDS Screening Information Data Set SSP Single Super Phosphate TLm Median Toxicity Level TLV Threshold Limit Value TFI The Fertilizer Institute UAN Urea Ammonia Nitrogen Ammonium Thiosulfate 1 CAS # 7783 18 8 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW I. Introduction The Fertilizer Institute, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a Product Testing Project to collect, review, summarize, and where necessary develop additional health and environmental safety data for 23 of its high production volume inorganic fertilizer materials. These data and summaries provide valuable information that can be used to update Material Safety Data Sheets, answer customers' questions, and support product stewardship efforts. The chemical industry is also participating in a voluntary program of comparable scope for high production volume organic chemicals. 1 The 23 fertilizer materials were divided into five categories ( i. e., ammonia compounds, nitrate compounds, phosphate compounds, salts and acids) based on their primary constituents as shown in Table 1. The use of categories is a recognized and accepted method that allows health and environmental safety data from one chemical in the category to be used to represent one or more other related chemicals in the category ( USEPA 1999). The key is to find similar, or at least predictable, patterns and trends among the chemicals in a category. In this way, data can be pooled, resources are optimized, and fewer animals are used in testing, all without losing the ability to evaluate the hazards and safety of the individual chemicals. Note that some of the materials fall into more than one category ( e. g., diammonium phosphate [ DAP] is in both the phosphate and ammonia categories).

Searches were conducted using on line databases, standard scientific data compendia, and other published sources for toxicity, ecotoxicity, environmental fate, and physicalchemical properties. The collected data were reviewed for quality and acceptability and then summarized according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD) Screening Information Data Set ( SIDS) dossier format ( OECD 1997). The OECD countries ( including the United States) have agreed on a set of tests and on types of data that are generally necessary to characterize the chemical behavior and potential hazards of chemicals released into the environment. The OECD SIDS dossier was chosen as a standard format for the TFI Product Testing Project in order that it would be scientifically defensible, broadly applicable and easily understandable to a wide range of stakeholders.

The following sections of this Executive Overview provide: the rationale for development of the Ammonia Compounds category ( Section II); a synopsis of the available data related to the physical chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of ammonium thiosulfate ( Section III); and a conclusion regarding the adequacy of the data to sufficiently characterize the category and the need for additional testing ( Section IV).

The data for ammonium thiosulfate are summarized in the Chemical Profile and Data Summary tables. Because the evaluation of data adequacy relies on a category approach,

1 HPV Chemical Challenge Program; USEPA 1999 ( http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ chemrtk/ volchall. htm) Ammonium Thiosulfate 2 CAS # 7783 18 8 the Data Summary table references Appendix B when data are available for one or more of the other materials in the category for those data elements where no data specific to ammonium thiosulfate are available. Appendix B provides a summary of the data for all of the ammonia compounds in the category. The individual studies for ammonium thiosulfate itself are presented in subsequent pages of this document. Separate data summary documents are available for each of the ammonia compounds in the category. Special attention should be given to the summary documents for ammonium sulfate.

II. Rationale for the Ammonia Compounds Category The ammonia compounds category for fertilizer materials includes anhydrous ammonia, aqua ammonia, nitrogen solutions, several ammonium salts, di and monoammonium phosphates, and urea. These compounds are grouped because of chemical composition similarities and the dissociation into un ionized ammonia ( NH3) and/ or the ammonium ion ( NH4 +). The compounds have similar and generally predictable patterns of behavior in the environment as well as toxicological properties. The toxicity of ammonia to aquatic organisms is highly dependent on physicochemical factors, most notably pH because of its importance in chemical speciation ( Clement Associates, Inc. 1990). The acute toxicity of ammonia is also influenced to a lesser degree by temperature, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. In aqueous solution, ammonia exists primarily in two forms, un ionized ammonia ( NH3) and the ammonium ion ( NH4 +), which are in equilibrium with each other according to the following established relationship:

NH3( aq) + H2O   NH4 + + OH

In general, as pH increases, the fraction of the total ammonia which is un ionized increases. It is this un ionized ammonia which is generally considered to be the primary cause of toxicity in aquatic systems ( Clement Associates, Inc. 1990). Un ionized ammonia is more toxic to aquatic organisms than the ammonium ion because the unionized form is readily soluble in the lipid of the cell membrane and is rapidly absorbed by the gill. In contrast, the charged ion is not easily passed through the charged line hydrophobic space in the membrane. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( USEPA) studies indicate that un ionized ammonia is 190 times more toxic to guppies than ammonium ion ( USEPA 1985; 1998).

Multiple EPA studies in aquatic systems have shown that over the pH range of 6.5 9.0, the toxicity of un ionized ammonia increases as the pH decreases ( Clement Associates, Inc. 1990). At lower pH values, this can be attributed to either the increased hydrogen ion concentration increasing the toxicity of un ionized ammonia or that the ammonium ion is exerting some level of toxicity at the lower pH ( Clement Associates, Inc. 1990). However, it would be an oversimplification to attribute the toxic action to only the ammonium ion at low pH and to only un ionized ammonium at high pH because most likely both forms participate when total ammonia concentration is high enough to cause toxicity symptoms ( Clement Associates, Inc. 1990). To incorporate this, a joint toxicity model has been proposed, with ammonium causing most toxicity at high pH values and ammonium ion also contributing to toxicity at lower pH values ( Erickson 1985; Ankley Ammonium Thiosulfate 3 CAS # 7783 18 8 1995). This is supported through studies demonstrating that at low pH a new inward flux of ammonium ion can occur across the gills of aquatic species ( Evans and Cameron 1986; Ankley 1995). Still, under most environmental conditions, the un ionized ammonia concentration is the primary driver of toxicity. In mammalian systems, the un ionized ammonia again is the primary toxic agent, based on the pH dependency of its distribution ( i. e., NH3 diffuses more easily than NH4+). It should be noted that due to the pH of most biological systems, ammonia typically exists in the ionized form in the body. Nitrate ( NO2, a microbial degradate of NH3) however, can play a more important role in toxicity in mammalian systems than in aquatic systems.

III. Summary of Data Available for the Ammonia Compounds Category Detailed data summaries for aqua ammonia are included in subsequent sections of this Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary Document for Ammonium Thiosulfate. These data are briefly summarized here. While ammonia compounds may exist as gases ( e. g., anhydrous ammonia) or liquids, much of the aquatic testing must, by necessity, be conducted on ammonia in the form of a liquid ( e. g., NH4Cl is commonly used in aquatic testing). Gaseous ammonia was used for inhalation testing of mammals, with ammonia salts ( e. g., NH4OCOCH3) often used for testing by other routes.

Physical Chemical Data The density of gaseous ammonia is 0.696 g/ L at 20 º C and therefore is lighter than air. Liquid ammonia is lighter than water, with a density of 682 g/ L as reported in Constable et al. ( 1999). With solubility values ranging from around 510 to 1,920 g/ L, ammonia compounds are readily soluble in water, where they ionize to form NH4 + under most environmental conditions. Aqueous and anhydrous ammonia are volatile, as shown by their high vapor pressures ( 2,159 and 7,600 mm Hg at 25 ° C, respectively). The salts of ammonia are less volatile.

Environmental Fate and Pathway Because of its high volatility, anhydrous and aqua ammonia are more likely to be present in the atmosphere or used by biological organisms. Of the fraction not taken up by row crops, most of the ammonia released from fertilizer goes to the air rather than to surface or ground water. The high solubility of the other ammonia compounds suggests that at the pH of most biological systems ammonia exists predominantly in the ionized form ( NH4 +). The fate of ammonia is driven by its important role in the nitrogen cycle, including relatively rapid assimilation and degradation by living organisms. The nitrogen cell is well known ( e. g., see ww. geog. ouc. bc. ca/ physgeog/ contents/ 9s. html). Ammonium Thiosulfate 4 CAS # 7783 18 8 Ecotoxicity Acute 96 hour LC50 values for fish from the literature range from 0.08 3.51 mg unionized NH3/ L, and from about 13 to over 500 mg total NH3/ L. 1 Numerous differences between studies easily account for the variability observed in acute toxicity, among them test species, age of test subjects, test type ( static or flow through), temperature, and most notably, pH. In addition to these literature values, acute fish studies were conducted under Good Laboratory Practice ( GLP) conditions on nitrogen solutions ( as UAN), ammonium phosphate sulfate, and monoammonium phosphate ( MAP). No lethal or sublethal effects were observed in any of these studies at nominal concentrations up to 100 mg total NH3/ L ( measured concentrations of 85 107 mg total NH3/ L), which were the highest concentrations tested. A similar range of literature values was found with Daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates ( EC50 = 0.19 22.84 mg un ionized NH3/ L). Algae can tolerate relatively high aqueous ammonia concentrations, as they readily assimilate the nitrogen, and phosphorus in the case of MAP and DAP. Response of aquatic organisms to chronic exposures of ammonia compounds is similar to the acute effects. Based on the standard Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act ( FIFRA) acute toxicity ratings for fish and Daphnia ( below), the compounds in this category may be very highly toxic to aquatic organisms.

EC/ LC50 ( mg/ L) Toxicity Description < 0.1 Very Highly Toxic 0.1 1 Highly Toxic 1 10 Moderately Toxic 10 100 Slightly Toxic > 100 Practically Non Toxic In addition, high concentrations of ammonia affects photosynthetic and respiratory pathways in terrestrial plants and may result in foliar necrosis.

Mammalian Toxicity Acute toxicity Reported acute oral LD50 values for ammonia compounds ranged from 350 14,300 mg/ kg body weight ( bw), primarily in rats and mice, with ammonium sulfate having the most variability. Inhalation toxicity data are available for anhydrous ammonia and several ammonium salts, and indicate a lack of systemic toxicity by this route of exposure. Dermal studies are available for ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate and report acute LD50 values of > 2,000 and > 5000 mg/ kg bw, respectively. To supplement the acute studies available in the literature for members of the ammonia category, additional acute studies were conducted with ammonium nitrate ( dermal), ammonium phosphate 1 Ammonia toxicity values may be reported as " un ionized NH3/ L" ( i. e., concentration based on the molecular weight of the compound), as " un ionized NH3 N/ L" ( i. e., concentration based on the molecular weight of only the nitrogen portion of the compound), or as " total NH3/ L" ( i. e., concentration based on the molecular weight of both the un ionized and ionized compounds). Ammonium Thiosulfate 5 CAS # 7783 18 8 sulfate ( oral), DAP ( oral and dermal), and MAP ( oral and dermal). All of these studies, which were conducted using OECD protocols under GLP conditions, resulted in no signs of lethal or sublethal toxicity at doses equal to 2000 mg/ kg bw ( for the oral studies) and 5000 mg/ kg bw ( for the dermal studies). Based on the standard FIFRA acute toxicity ratings for mammals ( below), the compounds in this category are considered to be of low to very low toxicity ( 40 CFR 156.62).

Toxicity Category I II III IV Toxicity Rating High Moderate Low Very Low Oral LD50   50 mg/ kg > 50 500 mg/ kg > 500 5000 mg/ kg > 5000 mg/ kg Dermal LC50   200 mg/ kg > 200 2000 mg/ kg > 2000 20,000 mg/ kg > 20,000 mg/ kg Inhalation LC50   0.2 mg/ L > 0.2 2 mg/ L > 2 20 mg/ L > 20 mg/ L Genotoxicity Literature data for anhydrous ammonia and ammonium sulfate indicated no evidence for mutagenicity. Additional, bacterial ( Ames test) and non bacterial ( CHO chromosome aberration test) in vitro genotoxicity studies were conducted on ammonium thiosulfate and DAP under GLP conditions. In all cases the results were negative, indicating no evidence of genotoxicity for ammonia compounds.

Repeated dose and developmental toxicity No mortality was observed in repeat dose inhalation studies in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs and monkeys at anhydrous ammonia concentrations up to 770 mg total NH3/ m3, although reported sublethal effects included nasal, eye and skin irritation and inflammation. A one generation reproduction study in which pigs were exposed to ammonia from manure pits resulted in no significant effects on onset of puberty or litter size. Repeat dose studies on ammonium nitrate and urea indicate low acute toxicity. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies conducted on these two compounds and urea indicate no toxic effects to rats, mice and hamsters. In addition, a combined protocol ( OECD 422) study that evaluates repeat dose exposures as well as reproductive and developmental endpoints was conducted on DAP under GLP conditions. Results show no mortality in rats given doses by gavage up to 1,500 mg/ kg/ day. Some treatmentrelated effects on haematology were evident, and bodyweight gain was temporarily reduced in the high dose group, after which they regained normal weight gain levels. No treatment related deaths or signs of clinical toxicity were observed. Mating performance, fertility, and offspring all were unaffected by parental exposure to DAP.

IV. Conclusion for the Ammonia Compounds Category Ammonium Thiosulfate 6 CAS # 7783 18 8 Several of the compounds in the ammonia category have been extensively studied. Most notably, anhydrous ammonia has an essentially complete database that includes several published reviews ( e. g., ATSDR 1990; Constable et al. 1999; Clement 1990; Ecological Analysts 1981; NRC 1979; USEPA 1985 and 1998; and WHO 1986). The database for ammonium nitrate is also largely complete. A SIDS dossier for urea has been accepted as final by the OECD. Furthermore, studies have been conducted under GLP conditions to address key endpoints for all of the ammonia category compounds. Consequently, sufficient data are available to characterize the physical chemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of the ammonia category. Ammonium Thiosulfate 7 CAS # 7783 18 8 TABLE 1: CATEGORIES FOR PRODUCT TESTING PROJECT CATEGORY COMPOUND CAS NUMBER Ammonia Compounds Anhydrous ammonia Aqua ammonia Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium thiosulfate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN) Ammonium phosphate sulfate Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Urea 7664 41 7 1336 21 6 6484 52 2 7783 20 2 7783 18 8 15978 77 5 12593 60 1 7783 28 0 7722 76 1 57 13 6 Nitrate Compounds Sodium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN) 7631 99 4 6484 52 2 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 15978 77 5 Phosphate Compounds Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Liquid polyphosphate Single superphosphate** Granular triple superphosphate** 7783 28 0 7722 76 1  8011 76 5 65996 95 4 Salts Potassium chloride Potassium magnesium sulfate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Potassium sulfate Calcium sulfate 7447 40 7 14168 73 1 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 7778 80 5 7778 18 9 Acids Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid 7664 38 2 7697 37 2 7664 93 9 * = Nitrogen solutions are represented largely by Urea Ammonia Nitrogen ( UAN; 15978 77 5) ** = Single superphosphate and granular triple superphosphate are combined into a single dossier.  = No CAS number readily available Ammonium Thiosulfate 8 CAS # 7783 18 8 V. REFERENCES CITED 40 CFR 156.62. Toxicity Category.

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ( ATSDR). 1990. Toxicological Profile for Ammonia.

Ankley, G. T., Schubauer Berigan, and Monson, P. D. 1995. Influence of pH and hardness on toxicity of ammonia to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52: 2078 2083.

Clement Associates, Inc. 1990. Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia. Prepared for The Fertilizer Institute, Washington, D. C.

Constable, M., Jensen, F., McLeron, J. Craig, G., and Moore, D. 1999. Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Priority Substances List II: Supporting Document for Ammonia in the Aquatic Environment. Draft, Unpublished Version. Government of Canada, Environment Canada.

Ecological Analysts, Inc. 1981. The Sources, Chemistry, Fate, and Effects of Ammonia in Aquatic Environments. Washington, D. C. American Petroleum Institute.

Erickson, R. J. 1985. An evaluation of mathematical models for the effects of pH and temperature on ammonia toxicity to aquatic organisms. Water Res. 19: 1047 1058.

Evans, D. E. and Cameron, J. N. 1986. Gill ammonia transport. J. Exp. Zool. 239: 17 23.

National Research Council ( NRC). 1979. Ammonia. Subcommittee on Ammonia. Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants. Division of Medical Sciences, Assembly of Life Sciences. National Research Council. Baltimore: University Park Press. NTIS No. PB 278 027.

OECD. 1997. SIDS Manual. OECD Secretariat, 3rd Revision, July 1997.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( USEPA). 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia   1984. Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division. Washington, D. C. EPA 504/ 5 85 006.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ( USEPA). 1998. 1998 Update of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia. Office of Water, Washington, D. C. EPA 822 R 98 008.

USEPA. 1999. Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program. www. epa. gove/ chemrtk/ catdoc29. pdf.

World Health Organization ( WHO). 1986. Ammonia   Environmental Health Criteria 54. Geneva" International Programme on Chemical Safety. 9 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 SIDS DATA PROFILE Date: January 27, 2003 1.01 A. CAS No. 7783 18 8 1.01 C. CHEMICAL NAME ( OECD NAME) Ammonium thiosulfate 1.01 D CAS DESCRIPTOR Ammonium thiosulfate 1.01 G STRUCTURAL FORMULA ( NH4) 2S2O3 OTHER CHEMICAL IDENTITY INFORMATION Not applicable 1.5 QUANTITY 50,000 100,000 tonnes per annum 1.7 USE PATTERN Photography and fertilizer applications each make up approximately 50% of the uses.

1.9 SOURCES AND LEVELS OF EXPOSURE Low human exposure is expected because ammonium thiosulfate is manufactured in closed systems. Exposure to dusts and direct contact with the material is possible during fertilizer applications. ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION The data for ammonium thiosulfate should be evaluated in combination with the other materials in the ammonia category. 10 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 SIDS DATA SUMMARY Date: January 27, 2003 AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE ( CAS NO. 7783 18 8) SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 150 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point No data available 2.3 Density DIN 150697 0.7 1.679 g/ mL 2.4 Vapor Pressure No data available 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient No data available 2.6A Water Solubility 1,800 g/ L at 20oC 2.6B pH value 6.5 7.2 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability See Appendix B results* 2.9 Flammability See Appendix B results* 2.10 Explosive Properties May explode when mixed with chlorate 2.11 Oxidizing Properties See Appendix B results* 2.12 Oxidation: Reduction Potential See Appendix B results* ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation See Appendix B results* 3.1.2 Stability in Water See Appendix B results* 3.1.3 Stability in Soil See Appendix B results* 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated, Fugacity Level III 0.151% to air 49.9% to water 49.8% to soil 0.0893% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation See Appendix B results* 3.7 Bioaccumulation See Appendix B results* ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute Toxicity to Fish Poecilia reticulata 48 hrs LC50 > 200 mg/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates See Appendix B results* 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) See Appendix B results* 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Anaerobic bacteria 24 hrs EC50 = 3,000 mg/ L 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish See Appendix B results* 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates See Appendix B results* 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants See Appendix B results* 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species See Appendix B results*

* See Appendix B results for data on other chemicals in the ammonia category. 10 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE ( CAS NO. 7783 18 8) SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat LD50 = 1,950 2,890 mg/ kg bw Mouse LD50 = 2,100> 3,000 mg/ kg bw Guinea pig LD50 = 1,100 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity Rat 4 hrs LC50 > 2,260 mg/ m3 Mouse 4 hrs LC50 > 1,800 mg/ m3 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity See Appendix B results* 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity, Other Routes See Appendix B results* 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/ Corrosion Rabbit, rat OECD 404 Not irritating 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/ Corrosion Rabbit OECD 405 Not irritating 5.3 Skin Sensitization See Appendix B results* 5.4 Repeated Dose Toxicity Rat Oral; 45 90 d LOAEL = 300 mg/ kg/ day Rat Inhalation; 2 or 4 months LOAEL = 26.77 mg/ m3 Rat Dermal; 20 d NOAEL = 45% 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium OECD 471 Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster ovaries OECD 473 Negative 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Rat, mouse Oral Negative 5.7 Carcinogenicity See Appendix B results* 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction See Appendix B results* 5.9 Developmental Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat NOAEL > 550 mg/ kg/ day 5.10 Additional Information See Appendix B results* 5.11 Human Experience See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 * See Appendix B results for data on other chemicals in the ammonia category. 11 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.01 SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. CAS number 7783 18 8 B. Name ( IUPAC name) Ammonium thiosulfate C. Name ( OECD name) Ammonium thiosulfate D. CAS Descriptor Not applicable E. EINECS Number 231 982 0 F. Molecular Formula H8NS2O3 G. Structural Formula ( NH4) 2S2O3 SMILES: N( H)( H)( H)( H) SS(= O)(= O) ON( H)( H)( H)( H)

H. Substance Group Not applicable I. Substance Remark None J. Molecular Weight 148.2 1.02 OECD INFORMATION A. Sponsor Country Not applicable B. Lead Organization Not applicable C. Name of Responder Name: Mr. William C. Herz, Director of Scientific Programs Address/ Phones: The Fertilizer Institute Union Center Plaza 820 First Street, NE, Suite 430 Washington, DC 20002 USA Tel: ( 202) 962 0490 Fax: ( 202) 962 0577 12 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 1.1 GENERAL SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. Type of Substance element [ ]; inorganic [ X]; natural substance [ ]; organic [ ]; organometallic [ ]; petroleum product [ ]

B. Physical State ( at 20 ° C and 1.013 hPa)

gaseous [ ]; liquid [ ]; solid [ X]

C. Purity 60% ( Technical grade) 87% ( Sulfur free)

1.2 SYNONYMS Thiosulfuric acid, diammonium salt Ammonium hyposulfite Diammonium thiosulfate Ammonium thiosulphate 1.3 IMPURITIES Remarks: None identified 1.4 ADDITIVES Remarks: None identified 1.5 QUANTITY Remarks: 50,000   100,000 tonnes per annum References: European Commission. 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

1.6 LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION Remarks: No specific labeling requirements. 13 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 1.7 USE PATTERN A. General Type of Use: Category:

( a) main Wide dispersive industrial Agricultural use Fertilizer ( b) main Non dispersive industrial Industrial use Photochemicals Remarks: Photography and agricultural applications each make up approximately 50% of the uses. Less than 2% of the production is used in dechlorination, analytical reagents, and metal cleaning applications. Reference: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition. HSDB. 1998.

B. Uses in Consumer Products Remarks: No consumer uses 1.8 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUE Exposure limit value Type: OSHA PEL Value: 15 mg/ m3 total dust; 5 mg/ m3 respirable fraction. Remark: No specific limit has been set, however, the federal OSHA PEL for particulates not otherwise regulated applies to all fertilizer dusts. Regulated limits may vary in local jurisdictions Exposure limit value Type: OES ( UK) Value: 17 mg/ m3 Short term exposure limit value Value: 24 mg/ m3 Length of exposure period: 15 minutes Remarks: A generic total nuisance dust limit of 10 g/ m3 applies. Reference: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition. 14 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 1.9 SOURCES OF EXPOSURE Remarks: Ammonium thiosulfate can be absorbed into the body if inhaled or ingested, although significant human and environmental exposures during manufacture are unlikely if the process is well managed. Engineering controls such as mechanical ventilation, process or personnel enclosure, control of process conditions, and process modifications significantly reduce exposure. Local exhaust ( ventilation) control as close to the point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne concentrations. Personal protective equipment includes neoprene or nitrile gloves, dust masks or fume hoods as appropriate, chemical safety goggles, and impervious apron, sleeves and boots. Field exposure to workers is possible when handling and using on farms as a fertilizer. However, liquid fertilizers are commonly injected, which reduces contact exposure.

Environmental releases are controlled at the manufacturing plant. Gaseous emissions are low due to use of scrubbers and liquid effluent is recovered as much as possible. Exposure to environmental receptors is dependent on the amount used as fertilizer on fields, the climatic conditions, and the hydrological conditions of the area of application. Nitrate materials are common in the environment and are essential nutrients for both plants and animals. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition. Hazardous Substance Data Bank ( HSDB). 1998. Ammonium Thiosulfate. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 1.10 ADDITIONAL REMARKS A. Options for disposal Remarks: Ammonium thiosulfate must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition. 15 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 MELTING POINT Value: 150 ° C Decomposition: Yes [ X] No [ ] Ambiguous [ ] Sublimation: Yes [ ] No [ ] Ambiguous [ ] Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: Lide, D. R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. 1991. European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

2.2 BOILING POINT Remarks: No data available.

2.3 DENSITY ( Relative Density)

( a) Type: Bulk density [ X]; Density [ ]; Relative Density [ ] Value: 0.7   0.9 g/ cm3 Method: DIN 150 697 GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Hoechst AG data as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

( b) Type: Bulk density [ ]; Density [ X]; Relative Density [ ] Value: 1.679 g/ mL Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: Lide, D. R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. 1991.

2.4 VAPOR PRESSURE Remarks: No data available. 16 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 2.5 PARTITION COEFFICIENT logPow Remarks: No data available.

2.6 WATER SOLUBILITY A. Solubility Value: 1800 g/ L Temperature: 20 ° C Description: Miscible [ ]; Of very high solubility [ X]; Of high solubility [ ]; Soluble [ ]; Slightly soluble [ ] Of low solubility [ ]; Of very low solubility [ ]; Not soluble [ ] Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Hoechst AG data as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet References: Budavari, S. 1996. Merck Index. 12th Ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories. European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

B. pH Value, pKa Value ( a) pH Value: 6.5   7.2 Concentration: 200 g/ L Temperature: 20 ° C Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Hoechst AG data as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

( b) pH Value: 6.5   7.0 Concentration: 60% solution Method: No specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Reference: Sax Hawley's Condensed Chem. Dictionary 11th Ed. 1987. p. 72.

2.7 FLASH POINT ( liquids)

Remarks: Not applicable 17 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 2.8 AUTO FLAMMABILITY ( solid/ gases)

Remarks: No data available 2.9 FLAMMABILITY Remarks: No data available.

2.10 EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES Remarks: Residues of ammonium thiosulfate in a bulk load tanker mixed with a load of dry solution chlorate subsequently loaded. An exothermic reaction occurred with gas evolution during several hours. Laboratory tests showed that such a mixture could be made to decompose explosively. References: Bretherick. 1979. Handbook of Reaction Chemistry Hazards. 2nd Edition. P. 807 ( cited in HSDB).

2.11 OXIDIZING PROPERTIES Remarks: No data available.

2.12 OXIDATION: REDUCTION POTENTIAL Remarks: No data available.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS 3.1 STABILITY 3.1.1 PHOTODEGRADATION Remarks: No data available.

3.1.2 STABILITY IN WATER Remarks: No data available. 18 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 3.1.3 STABILITY IN SOIL Remarks: No data available.

3.2 MONITORING DATA ( ENVIRONMENTAL)

Remarks: No data available.

3.3 TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS INCLUDING ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS 3.3.1 TRANSPORT Remarks: No data available.

3.3.2 THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION ( FUGACITY CALCULATION)

Method: Fugacity Level III ( Mackay type) Mass Distribution by Environmental Compartment: Air 0.151% Water 49.9% Soil 49.8% Sediment 0.0893% Reference: USEPA. 2000. EPISUITE Estimation Program V. 3.10. US Environmental Protection Agency.

3.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN MODE OF DEGRADABILITY IN ACTUAL USE Remarks: No data available.

3.5 BIODEGRADATION Remarks: No data available.

3.6 BOD5, COD OR RATIO BOD5/ COD BOD5 Method: Not specified Value: 0.62 lb/ lb GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Reported in HSDB References: Chris Hazardous Chemical Data. Vol. II. 1984. 19 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 3.7 BIOACCUMULATION Remarks: No data available.

3.8 ADDITIONAL REMARKS ( a) Results: Thiosulfate was rapidly oxidized upon addition to soil. In the 25 and 50 mg S/ kg treatments, thiosulfate was completely oxidized within 5 and 12 days after application, respectively. Thiosulfate application significantly suppressed the formation of nitrate from applied ammonium. The inhibitory effect of thiosulfate was progressively enhanced with increasing application rates, and was at least partially additive to that of nitrapyrin application. Unlike most nitrification inhibitors, however, thiosulfate predominantly suppressed the second stage of the nitrification process and resulted in the accumulation of nitrite. The inhibitory affect of thiosulfate may be attributable to its toxic effect on Nitrobacter and other nitrite oxidizing microorganisms. Therefore, the inhibition of ammonium oxidation may be a secondary effect of nitrite accumulation. Remarks: This laboratory study was intended to determine the degree and persistence of thiosulfate's inhibitory effect on nitrification of ammonia in soil. Samples of loamy soil were treated with thiosulfate ( 24, 50, or 100 mg S/ kg), nitrapyrin ( a commercial nitrification inhibitor), nitrapyrin and thiosulfate, and unamended. Each treatment was replicated 21 times. On days 0, 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 22, samples from each treatment were analyzed. References: Janzen, H. H. and Bettany, J. R. 1986. Influence of thiosulfate on nitrification of ammonium in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. 50: 803 806.

( b) Results: Treatment with ammonium thiosulfate fertilizer did not have an effect on the total mass of nitrogen taken up by plants or the amount of nitrate leaching from the columns. Nitrate N leaching was primarily dependent on the amount of water moving through the system. Remarks: Because ammonium thiosulfate had been shown to be a nitrification inhibitor in laboratory studies, its usefulness in reducing nitrate leaching was evaluated in this study. Bulk soil samples were collected from 0 30, 30 60, and 60 90 cm and packed in soil columns. Treatments consisted of poultry manure ( PM) and urea ammonium 20 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 nitrogen ( UAN), alone and in combination with ammonium thiosulfate ( ATS), and unamended. Corn was grown in the columns to create a dynamic soil/ plant system. Columns were leached periodically with deionized water over a period of 10 weeks. References: Sallade, Y. E. and Sims, J. T. 1994. Nitrate leaching in an Atlantic coast plain soil amended with poultry manure or urea ammonium nitrate: influence of thiosulfate. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 78: 307 316.

4. ECOTOXICITY 4.1 ACUTE/ PROLONGED TOXICITY TO FISH Type of test: Static [ X]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ] Species: Poecilia reticulata ( guppy) Exposure period: 48 hours Results: LC50 > 200 mg/ L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ X]; ? [ ] Method: DIN 38412, Teil 15, 1973. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate (( NH4) 2S2O3) Remarks: Hoechst AG data as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet. Effects were strongly dependent on pH. At pH values greater than 7, more free ammonia can originate and the effect level becomes < 1 mg/ L. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

4.2 ACUTE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Remarks: No data available.

4.3 TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS, e. g. algae Remarks: No data available.

4.4 TOXICITY TO BACTERIA Type: Aquatic [ X]; Field [ ]; Soil [ ]; Other [ ] Species: Anaerobic bacteria from a domestic water treatment plant Exposure period: 24 hours Results: EC50 = 3000 mg/ L 21 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ X]; ? [ ] Method: ETAD fermentation tube method " determination of damage to effluent bacteria by the fermentation tube method" 1973. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate (( NH4) 2S2O3) Remarks: Hoechst AG data as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

4.5 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS 4.5.1 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO FISH Remarks: No data available.

4.5.2 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Remarks: No data available.

4.6 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS 4.6.1 TOXICITY TO SOIL DWELLING ORGANISMS Remarks: No data available.

4.6.2 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Remarks: No data available.

4.6.3 TOXICITY TO OTHER NON MAMMALIAN TERRESTRIAL SPECIES ( INCLUDING AVIAN)

Remarks: No data available.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS MONITORING ( INCLUDING BIOMAGNIFICATION)

Remarks: No data available. 22 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 4.8 BIOTRANSFORMATION AND KINETICS Remarks: No data available.

4.9 ADDITIONAL REMARKS Remarks: None 5. TOXICITY 5.1 ACUTE TOXICITY 5.1.1 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ( a) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat, mouse Value: LD50 = 2890 mg/ kg bw. ( rat) LD50 = 2100 mg/ kg bw. ( mouse) Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate ( diammonium salt) References: Babayan, E. A. et al. 1985. Gig. Truda Prof. Azbol. 6: 56. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

( b) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Guinea pig, mouse, rat Value: LD50 = 1100 mg/ kg bw ( guinea pig) LD50 = > 3000 mg/ kg bw. ( mouse) LD50 = > 2890 mg/ kg bw. ( rat) Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate ( diammonium salt) Remarks: Convulsions and deaths occurred when 2450 mg/ kg bw. was given by stomach tube to rats. No overt toxicity in rats was seen at 200 mg/ kg bw., but there was damage to the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, heart muscle, spleen, adrenals, and thyroid. References: Talakin, Y. N. et al. 1982. Gig. Truda Prof. Azbol. 6: 54. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.) 23 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 ( c) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat Value: LD50 = 1950 mg/ kg bw. Method: OECD Guideline 401, 1987 GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate (( NH4) 2S2O3) Remarks: Male rats. Hoechst AG data as cited in IUCLID Data Sheet. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition.

5.1.2 ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY ( a) Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ X]; LCL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat, mouse Exposure period: 4 hours Value: LC50 > 2260 mg/ m3 ( rat) LC50 > 1800 mg/ m3 ( mouse) Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate (( NH4) 2S2O3) References: Babayan, E. A. et al. 1985. Gig. Truda Prof. Azbol. 6: 56. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

( b) Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ ]; LCL0 [ ]; Other [ X] Species/ strain: Rat Exposure period: 4 hours Value: See remarks Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate ( salt not specified) Remarks: Rats exposed to ammonium thiosulphate at 80, 150, or 300 mg/ m3 for 4 hours showed decreases in the summation threshold index ( a measure of central nervous system activity) and serum calcium levels, an increase in oxygen consumption, and changes in cardiovascular function. References: Nazaretyan, R. A. et al. 1987. Zh. Eks. Klin. Med. 27: 529. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

5.1.3 ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY Remarks: No data available. 24 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 5.1.4 ACUTE TOXICITY BY OTHER ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION Remarks: No data available.

5.2 CORROSIVENESS/ IRRITATION 5.2.1 SKIN IRRITATION/ CORROSION ( a) Species/ strain: Rabbit Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Classification: Highly corrosive ( causes severe burns) [ ]; Corrosive ( causes burns) [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Method: OECD Guideline 404, 1987 GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Salt containing 75% ammonium thiosulfate, 20% sodium pyrosulfate, and 5% sodium thiosulfate. Remarks: 4 hours exposure time References: Hoechst AG. 1987. Unpublished data study No. 87. 1235 ( cited in European Commission 1996).

( b) Species/ strain: Rat Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Classification: Highly corrosive ( causes severe burns) [ ]; Corrosive ( causes burns) [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Method: Rats were given single or a series of 20 4 hr applications of 45% diammonium thiosulfate to the skin of the tail and back. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Diammonium thiosulfate References: Talakin, Y. N. et al. 1982. Gig. Truda Prof. Azbol. 6: 54. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

5.2.2 EYE IRRITATION/ CORROSION Species/ strain: Rabbit Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Classification: Irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X]; Risk of serious damage to eyes [ ] Method: OECD Guideline 405, 1987 25 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Salt containing 75% ammonium thiosulfate, 20% sodium pyrosulfate, and 5% sodium thiosulfate. Remarks: 24 hours exposure time References: Hoechst AG. 1987. Unpublished data study No. 87. 1297 ( cited in European Commission 1996).

5.3 SKIN SENSITIZATION Remarks: No data available.

5.4 REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY ( a) Species/ strain: Rat Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ X] Route of Administration: Oral Exposure period: 45 90 days Frequency of treatment: daily Dose: 300 mg/ kg bw./ day Control group: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; No Data [ X] Results: Exposure to ammonium thiosulphate caused reductions in growth and the summation threshold index, increases in the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases, increases in the calcium and phosphorus content of blood, and electrical and biochemical changes in the heart muscle. Method: A 50% aqueous solution of ammonium thiosulphate was administered by stomach tube to groups of 10 12 rats at a dose of 300 mg/ kg bw./ day for 45 90 days. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate ( salt unspecified) Remarks: No mortality of exposed rats was reported. References: Nazaretyan, R. A. et al. 1987. Zh. Eks. Klin. Med. 27: 529. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1995. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

( b) Species/ strain: Rat Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ ] Route of Administration: Inhalation Exposure period: 2 or 4 months Frequency of treatment: 4 hr/ day, 5 days/ wk Dose: 26.77 mg/ m3 Control group: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; No Data [ X] Results: Exposed rats showed reduced growth, central nervous system effects ( including convulsive twitching of the extremities), and an increase in oxygen consumption. In 26 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 the blood there was a reduction in the number of red blood cells and calcium concentration, increases in creatine phosphate and   globulin levels, and changes in the activity of various enzymes ( reductions in the activities of butyryl cholinesterase and total lactate dehydrogenase and increases in acid and alkaline phosphatases). The changes in   globulin and alkaline phosphatase suggest the possibility of liver injury. There were also changes in cardiovascular activity and biochemical changes in the heart muscle. Method: Rats were exposed for 4 hours/ day, 5 days/ week, for 2 or 4 months to 26.77 mg/ m3 ammonium thiosulphate. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate ( salt unspecified) Remarks: No mortality of exposed rats was reported. References: Nazaretyan, R. A. et al. 1987. Zh. Eks. Klin. Med. 27: 529. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

( c) Species/ strain: Rat Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ X] Route of Administration: Dermal Exposure period: 20 days Frequency of treatment: 4 hours/ day Dose: 45% diammonium thiosulfate Control group: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; No Data [ X] Results: Rats showed a decrease in blood catalase activity. Method: Rats were exposed to 45% diammonium thiosulphate for 20, 4 hour applications. Diammonium thiosulphate was applied to the skin of the tail and back. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulphate (( NH4) 2S2O3) Remarks: No mortality of exposed rats was reported. References: Talakin, Y. N. et al. 1982. Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol. 6: 54. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

5.5 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VITRO A. Bacterial Test Type: Bacterial reverse mutation assay System of testing: Species/ strain: S. typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and E. coli WP2 uvrA Concentration: 75, 200, 600, 1,800, and 5,000 µ g/ plate Metabolic activation: With [ ]; Without [ ]; With and Without [ X]; No Data [ ] Results: 27 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Cytotoxicity conc: With metabolic activation: None observed Without metabolic activation: None observed Precipitation conc: None observed Genotoxic effects: + ?  With metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Without metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Method: OECD Guideline 471 ( Ninth Addendum; February 1998) GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate, purity: 100% Remarks: The test article was soluble and clear in water at approximately 50 mg/ mL, the maximum concentration tested. References: Wagner, V. O. and Klug, M. L. 2001. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay: Ammonium Thiosulfate. BioReliance. Report Number AA43RA. 503. BTL.

B. Non bacterial in vitro test Type: Mammalian chromosome aberration test System of testing: Species/ strain: Chinese hamster ovaries Concentration: 185, 370, 740, and 1,480 µ g/ mL Metabolic activation: With [ ]; Without [ ]; With and Without [ X]; No Data [ ] Results: Cytotoxicity conc: With metabolic activation: None Without metabolic activation: None Precipitation conc: None Genotoxic effects: + ?  With metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Without metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Method: OECD Guideline 473 ( Ninth Addendum; February 1998) GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium thiosulfate, purity: 100% Remarks: The test article was soluble and clear in water at approximately 50 mg/ mL, the maximum concentration tested. References: Gudi, R. and Brown, C. 2001. In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test: Ammonium Thiosulfate. BioReliance. Report Number AA43RA. 331. BTL.

5.6 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VIVO Species/ strain: Rat, mouse Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ X]; No Data [ ] Route of Administration: Oral Exposure period: Single dose Doses: 50 5,000 mg/ kg bw. Results: 28 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Effect on mitotic index or P/ N ratio: None Genotoxic effects: + ?  [ ] [ ] [ X] Method: Rats were given single oral doses of 50 5,000 mg/ kg bw. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Sodium thiosulphate ( Na2S2O3) Remarks: No evidence of chromosomal damage was observed in the bone marrow assays ( or in human cells treated in culture). Negative results were also obtained in hostmediated assays in mice and dominant lethal assays in rats. References: Litton Bionetics Inc. 1973. Contract No. FDA 71 268, Bethesda, Maryland. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

5.7 CARCINOGENICITY Remarks: No data available.

5.8 TOXICITY TO REPRODUCTION Remarks: No data available.

5.9 DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY/ TERATOGENICITY Species/ strain: Rat, mouse, hamster Sex: Female [ X]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ ] Route of Administration: Oral Duration of the test: Not specified Exposure period: Not specified Frequency of treatment: On days 6 15 of pregnancy Doses: 400   550 mg/ kg bw. Control group: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; No Data [ X] NOAEL Maternal Toxicity: > 550 mg/ kg bw. NOAEL teratogenicity: > 550 mg/ kg bw. Results: Maternal general toxicity: No adverse effects Pregnancy/ litter data: No adverse effects Fetal data: No adverse effects Method: Sodium thiosulphate was administered by stomach tube at maximum daily doses of 400 550 mg/ kg bw. on days 6 15 of pregnancy. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Sodium thiosulfate, a structural analog of ammonium thiosulfate Remarks: No adverse effects on maternal or fetal survival or fetal development were observed. 29 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 References: Food & Drug Research Laboratories ( FDRL). Teratogenic evaluation of FDA 71 35 ( sodium thiosulphate) in mice, rats, and hamsters. Final report prepared under DHEW Contract No. FDA 71 260, Maspeth, New York. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

5.10 OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION Remarks: No data available.

5.11 EXPERIENCE WITH HUMAN EXPOSURE ( a) Results: Humans given 1 2 g ammonium thiosulphate ( salt unspecified) showed no overt toxic effects. Reference: Revici, E. 1982. U. S. Patent No. 4,346,082 ( Chem. Abstr. 1982. 97: 193116b) ( cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

( b) Remarks: Thiosulfate is a normal constituent of human body fluids and a metabolite of normal dietary constituents. Reference: FASEB. 1975. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Maryland. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Sodium Thiosulfate as a Food Ingredient. PB 254 526/ AS. ( cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulfate. BIBRA International).

6. REFERENCES Babayan, E. A. et al. 1985. Gig. Truda Prof. Azbol. 6: 56. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

Bretherick. 1979. Handbook of Reaction Chemistry Hazards. 2nd Edition. P. 807 ( cited in HSDB).

Budavari, S. 1996. Merck Index. 12th Ed. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.

Chris. Hazardous Chemical Data. Vol. II. 1984.

European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Thiosulfate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM edition. 30 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 FASEB. 1975. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Bethesda, Maryland. Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Sodium Thiosulfate as a Food Ingredient. PB 254 526/ AS. ( cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulfate. BIBRA International).

Food & Drug Research Laboratories ( FDRL). Teratogenic evaluation of FDA 71 35 ( sodium thiosulphate) in mice, rats, and hamsters. Final report prepared under DHEW Contract No. FDA 71 260, Maspeth, New York. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

Gudi, R. and Brown, C. 2001. In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test: Ammonium Thiosulfate. BioReliance. Report Number AA43RA. 331. BTL.

Hoechst AG. 1987. Unpublished data study No. 87. 1235 ( cited in European Commission 1996).

Hoechst AG. 1987. Unpublished data study No. 87. 1297 ( cited in European Commission 1996).

Hazardous Substance Data Bank ( HSDB). 1998. Ammonium Thiosulfate. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Janzen, H. H. and Bettany, J. R. 1986. Influence of thiosulfate on nitrification of ammonium in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. 50: 803 806.

Lide, D. R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. 1991.

Litton Bionetics Inc. 1973. Contract No. FDA 71 268, Bethesda, Maryland. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

Nazaretyan, R. A. et al. 1987. Zh. Eks. Klin. Med. 27: 529. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

Revici, E. 1982. U. S. Patent No. 4,346,082 ( Chem. Abstr. 1982. 97: 193116b) ( cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.)

Sallade, Y. E. and Sims, J. T. 1994. Nitrate leaching in an Atlantic coast plain soil amended with poultry manure or urea ammonium nitrate: influence of thiosulfate. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 78: 307 316.

Sax Hawley's Condensed Chem. Dictionary 11th Ed. 1987. p. 72.

Talakin, Y. N. et al. 1982. Gig. Truda Prof. Azbol. 6: 54. ( Cited in BIBRA. 1990. Toxicology Profile: Ammonium Thiosulphate. BIBRA International.).

USEPA. 2000. EPISUITE Estimation Program V. 3.10. US Environmental Protection Agency. 31 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Wagner, V. O. and Klug, M. L. 2001. Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay: Ammonium Thiosulfate. BioReliance. Report Number AA43RA. 503. BTL. Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 APPENDIX A   SIDS Data Availability Summary Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Explanation of Appendix A Appendix A is a SIDS Data Summary table that provides an overview of availability and quality of the data used in this Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary for Ammonium Thiosulfate. Y ( Yes) and N ( No) designations indicate whether data are available that meet the criteria for each column. The columns are described as:

Information: Data exist that were useful for describing the data element. These data may be from standard laboratory tests or from generally recognized published sources or professional experience.

OECD Study: The data were developed using standard OECD or essentially similar ( e. g., EPA harmonized protocols) guidelines.

GLP: The data were developed under standard Good Laboratory Practice provisions. These generally represent the highest quality data.

Other Study: Studies were conducted that could not be definitively identified as following OECD or GLP protocols. These studies were included when they were determined to be of adequate quality and provided relevant information to the characterization of the compound.

Estimation Method: In some cases, data may be estimated using established structure activity relationships. These methods are common for physical chemical parameters such as octanolwater partition coefficients and water solubility.

Acceptable: This column indicates whether the data are deemed acceptable by standard acceptability criteria and professional judgment. Only the data meeting adequacy standards are included in this summary document.

SIDS Testing Recommended: This column indicates whether additional testing is recommended based on an evaluation of the available data summarized in this document. It is generally not necessary to fill all of the apparent data gaps in order to adequately characterize the inherent hazard of chemicals. Information from other data elements and from other chemicals in the category, along with professional judgment, are useful in the final determination of the need for further testing. Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 SIDS DATA AVAILABILITY SUMMARY DATE: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS No: 7783 18 8 Information OECD Study GLP Other Study Estimated Method Acceptable SIDS Testing Recommended STUDY Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point Y N N N N Y N 2.2 Boiling Point N N N N N  N 2.3 Density Y N N N N Y N 2.4 Vapor Pressure N N N N N  N 2.5 Partition Coefficient N N N N N  N 2.6 Water Solubility Y N N Y N Y N pH and pKa Values Y N N Y N Y N 2.8 Auto Flammability N N N N N  N 2.9 Flammability N N N N N  N 2.10 Explosive Properties Y N N Y N Y N 2.11 Oxidizing Properties N N N N N  N 2.12 Oxidation: Reduction Potential N N N N N  N OTHER P/ C STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation N N N N N  N 3.1.2 Stability in Water N N N N N  N 3.2 Monitoring Data N N N N N  N 3.3 Transport N N N N N  N 3.3.2. Distribution Y N N N Y Y N 3.5 Biodegradation N N N N N  N 3.7 Bioaccumulation N N N N N  N OTHER ENV FATE STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N Y N Y N ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute Toxicity to Fish Y N N Y N Y N 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Daphnia N N N N N  N 4.3 Toxicity to Algae N N N N N  N 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Y N N Y N Y N 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish N N N N N  N 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Daphnia N N N N N  N 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms N N N N N  N 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants N N N N N  N 4.6.3 Toxicity to Birds N N N N N  N OTHER ECOTOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS No: 7783 18 8 Information OECD Study GLP Other Study Estimated Method Acceptable SIDS Testing Recommended STUDY Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Y Y Y Y N Y N 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Y N N Y N Y N 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Y N N Y N Y N 5.2.1 Skin Irritation Y Y Y Y N Y N 5.2.2 Eye Irritation Y Y Y N N Y N 5.3 Skin Sensitization N N N N N  N 5.4 Repeated Dose Y N N Y N Y N 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Y Y Y N N Y N . Chromosomal aberration Y Y Y N N Y N 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Y N N Y N Y N 5.8 Reproduction Toxicity N N N N N  N 5.9 Development/ Teratogenicity Y N N Y N Y N 5.11 Human Experience Y N N Y N Y N OTHER TOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 APPENDIX B   SIDS Data Summaries for the Ammonia Compounds Category: Ammonia, Aqua Ammonia, Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN), Urea, Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate, Ammonium Sulfate, Ammonium Thiosulfate, Diammonium Phosphate, and Monoammonium Phosphate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonia Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point Decomposition  78oC  77oC 2.2 Boiling Point  33oC at 1 atm 36oC 2.3 Density 0.696 g/ L at 20oC 0.9 g/ mL 2.4 Vapor Pressure 7,600 mm Hg at 25oC 2.159 x 103 mm Hg 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient OECD 107  1.14 at 25oC 2.6A Water Solubility 510 530 g/ L at 20oC Miscible 2.6B pH and pKa values pH: 10.6 in 0.01%

aqueous solution at 25oC pKa: 9.25 at 25oC 4.75 at 25oC 2.7 Flash Point Not flammable 2.8 Auto Flammability DIN 51 794 651oC at 1 atm Not applicable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties Not explosive 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Not an oxidizer 2.12 Oxidation:

Reduction Potential 1.275 V 1.275 V 2.13A Additional Data Soil sorption ,

Reaction cylinder Similar to first order reaction See text 2.13B Henry's Law Constant 1.6 x 10 5 atm m3/ mol 2.13B Specific Gravity 0.6818 at  33.35oC and 1 atm 2.13B Viscosity 0.00982 cP at 20oC 2.13B Critical Temperature 132 133oC 2.13B Critical Pressure 111 atm 2.13B Critical Density 0.2362 g/ ml SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonia Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Undergoes photolytic degradation 3.12 Stability in Water Field study in Lake St.

George,

Canada Ke = 25.6 47.3 cm/ h at 15.2

15.0oC Removed from aquatic systems 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Laboratory soil columns Mean sorptions:

sand: 19%

loam: 28%

clay, clay loam,

and silt loam: 38%

3.3.1 Transport 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated,

Fugacity Level I 99.98% to air,

<. 1% each to water, soil, biota,

and sediment Miscible in water 3.5 Biodegradation Rapidly biodegraded Miscible in water and readily degrades 3.7 Bioaccumulation Rapidly assimilated by animals and plants Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonia Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Many species Mostly 96 hr LC50 = 0.09 3.51 mg un ionized NH3/ L Cyprinus carpio 48 hr semistatic LC50 = 1.34 1.70 mg un ionized NH3/ L Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 hrs LC50 > 103 mg/ L Pimephalas promelas 96 hrs LC50 between 100 and 500 mg/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna 48 hr, ASTM E 729 80 LC50 = 2.94 mg un ionized NH3

N/ L Daphnia magna 48 hr static LC50 = 32 mg HN4OH/ L 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Benthic diatoms Up to 25 days LOEC = 0.5 1.0 mg N/ L See text Chlorella vulgaris 21 days LOEC = 500 mg N/ L 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum 5 min, tested for bioluminescence EC50 = 1.49 mg un ionized NH3/ L 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish Many species Various ( 12 d 5 yrs) NOEC = 0.025 1.2 mg un ionized NH3/ L Many species See text Ictalurus punctatus 8 days LC50 = 37.5 ppm total ammonia 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates D. magna &

others 21 d 76 weeks NOEC = 0.163

0.42 mg unionized NH3/ L See text 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Many species Various ( 4 mins 16 hrs) LOEC = 3 250 ppm Can cause inhibition of photosynthesis 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species G. domesticus 1 hr injections LD50 = 2.72 mM SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonia Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat LD50 = 350 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Cat LD50 = 750 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Rat, mouse 1 hr LC50 = 4,230

19,960 total NH3/ m3 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes Rat, mouse 1 hr intravenous LC50 = 45.5 195.1 mg total NH3/ kg bw Rabbit i. v. LDLo = 10 mg/ kg bw 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Corrosive to skin Rabbit Corrosive at 20%

but not 10%

5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion Subacute and chronic exposure to 200 1,000 ppm produced eye damage. 100 200 ppm produced moderate to severe eye irritation. Rabbit Irritating 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose Rats, guinea pigs, rabbits,

monkeys,

beagle dogs Inhalation, up to 770 mg/ m3 No mortality SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonia Aqua Ammonia Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium,

Saccharomyces E. coli Bacterial gene mutation assay Negative E. coli Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chick fibroblasts Cytogenetic assay Induced chromosomal clumping, polyploidy, and arrested spindle formation. No data showing that ammonia is mutagenic in mammals.

5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila mutagenicity test No evidence for mutagenicity No evidence for mutagenicity 5.7 Carcinogenicity No carcinogenic effects Not carcinogenic 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Pig One generation study Temporarily depressed mean daily gain at 35 mg/ kg in gilts 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity 51.0 Additional Information 5.11 Human Experience Inhalation;

human volunteers Nasal and pulmonary irritation at concentrations of about 100 ppm and higher See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits 8 hr TWA TLV 50 ppm ( 35 mg/ m3) TLV 24 mg/ m3 24 mg/ m3 15 min STELTLV 35 ppm ( 27 mg/ m3) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 133oC 169.6oC 2.2 Boiling Point 135oC ( at 101 kPa)

( decomposes) 210oC 2.3 Density 750 kg/ m3 1.725 g/ mL at 25oC 2.4 Vapor Pressure Calculated 80 Pa at 20oC 15 hPa at 20oC 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient  1.59 at 20 25oC OECD 107  3.1 at 25oC 2.6A Water Solubility 1,193 g/ L at 25oC 1,920 g/ L at 20oC 2.6B pH and pKa values pH = 7.2 ( 100 g/ L) pH = 5.43 in aqueous solution 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties May explode under high temperature or strong shocks 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Strong oxidizer 2.12 Oxidation:

Reduction Potential 2.13A Additional Data See text SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Does not photodegrade 3.1.2 Stability in Water Calculated t1/ 2 > 1 year Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Binds to clay particles 3.3.1 Transport 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated ( Fugacity Level I) 0.16% to air 99.84% to water Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 0.251% to air 45.4% to water 54.2% to soil 0.757% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation OECD 302B SCAS 24 hr Ultimately biodegradable 93 98% Readily biodegraded 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Barillius barna 96 hrs LC50 > 9,100 mg/ L Cyprinus carpio L. 48 hrs LC50 = 1.15 1.72 mg un ionized NH3/ L Oncorhynchus mykiss OECD 203 LC50 > 107 mg/ L Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, bluegill 96 hrs LC50 = 420 1,360 mg NO3/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna DIN 38412 Part II; 24 hrs EC50 > 10,000 mg/ L Daphnia magna EC50 = 555 mg/ L 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Scenedesmus quadricauda 192 hr cell multiplication inhibition test TT > 10,000 mg/ L Scenedesmus quadricauda EC50 = 83 mg/ L 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Bullia digitalis Up to 7 days NOEC = 300 mg/ L 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms Applications of nitrogenous fertilizers to grassland for long period may have deleterious effects on earthworms in the absence of liming.

4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plant Glycine max ( L.) Merr. 7 days exposure to 9 mg urea/ leaf Leaf tip necrosis See text 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species Pigeon Subcutaneous LDLo = 16,000 mg/ kg SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat LD50 = 14,300

15,000 mg/ kg Rat OECD 401 LD50 = 2,800 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Mouse LD50 = 11,500

13,000 mg/ kg Rat OECD 401 LD50 = 2,462 mg/ kg bw Cattle LD50 = 510 mg/ kg Rat OECD 401 LD50 = 2,950 mg/ kg bw Rat LD50 = 4,500 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Rat 4 hrs LC50 > 88.8 mg/ L 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat 4 hrs LC50 > 5,000 mg/ kg 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes White rat Injected; 3 hrs Minimum lethal dose = 0.065 mg NH4NO3 N 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Mouse 10% solution Not irritating Rabbit Moderately irritating Rabbit 50% solution Not irritating Rabbit Not irritating 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose Rat 24 weeks;

dermal NOAEL = 40% in ointment Rat Inhalation; 2 weeks NOAEL = 185 mg/ m3 Rat Inhalation; 4 weeks NOAEL = 1 mg/ m3 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutation assay Negative Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutation assay Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster Mouse Chromosomal aberration test Mouse lymphoma TK locus assay Positive ( very high dose) Positive ( very high dose) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Mouse Bone marrow cytogenetic test Positive ( extremely high dose)

5.7 Carcinogenicity Mouse Rat 12 month diet 12 month diet Not carcinogenic Not carcinogenic 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Mouse 12 month carcinogenicity screening No toxic effects in gonads reported Rat 12 month carcinogenicity No toxic effects in gonads reported 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat 2 doses/ day x 14 days gavage Not teratogenic Rat NOAEL > 57 mg/ kg/ day 5.10 Metabolism and Toxicokinetics No sensory irritation 5.11 Human Experience Despite extensive medical use, no significant side effects on humans have been noted See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits No TLV established TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 No TLV established SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Diammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 235 512oC 150oC 155 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point 872oC Decomposes 2.3 Density 1.77 g/ mL 0.7 1.679 g/ mL 0.93 1.619 g/ mL at 20oC 2.4 Vapor Pressure < 100 Pa at 20 ° C 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient OECD 107  5.1 2.6A Water Solubility 7.5 x 105 mg/ L at 20oC 1,800 g/ L at 20oC 588 g/ L at 20 ° C 2.6B pH and pKa values 5.0 200 g/ L 6.5 7.2 ~ 8 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable Not flammable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties May explode if mixed with oxidizers May explode when mixed with chlorate Not explosive 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Not an oxidizer Not an oxidizer 2.12 Oxidation:

Reduction Potential 2.13A Additional Data See text SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Diammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Not a significant dissipation mechanism 3.1.2 Stability in Water Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Stable 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated,

fugacity level III 0.0156% to air 44.1% to water 55.8% to soil 0.0754% to sediment Calculated,

fugacity level III 0.151% to air 49.9% to water 49.8% to soil 0.0893% to sediment Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 6.5 x 10 15% to air 45.3% to water 54.6% to soil 0.0755% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Diammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Coho salmon, Rainbow trout, Large mouth bass,

Fathead minnow, etc. 24 96 hrs LC50 = 90 to > 1,500 mg/ L Guppy DIN 38412 LC50 > 200 mg/ L Coho salmon, Chinook salmon, Rainbow trout, Bluegill,

Large mouth bass, Tilapia, Fathead minnow 96 hrs LC50 = 90 1,875 mg/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna 50 96 hrs EC50 > 433 mg/ L Amphipod 96 hrs LC50 = 40 52 mg/ L Amphipod 96 hrs LC50 = 40 62 mg/ L Snail, Worm 96 hrs LC50 = 1,005

2,472 mg/ L Snails, worm 48 96 hrs LC50 = > 100 700 mg/ L 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Chlorella vulgaris 21 days NOEC = 250 mg N/ L Selenastrum capricornutum 72 hrs NOEC ( toxicity)

= 97.1 mg DAP/ L NOEC ( stimulation) =

3.57 mg DAP/ L Various 17 days NOEC = 50 µ g NH4 N/ L 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum Microtox EC50 = 1.49 mg un ionized NH3/ L Anaerobic bacteria ETAD fermentation tube EC50 = 3,000 mg/ L SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Diammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish Rainbow trout 12 & 35 days LC50 = 0.26 0.68 mg un ionized NH3/ L Pink salmon 21, 40 & 61 days NOEC = 1.2 mg un ionized NH3/ L Channel catfish 6 months LOEC = 100 500 mg/ L 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Diammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat LD50 = > 2,000

4,250 mg/ kg bw Rat LD50 = 1,950

2,890 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Mouse LD50 = 640 mg/ kg bw Mouse LD50 = 2,100  >

3,000 mg/ kg bw Goat LD50 = 3,500 mg/ kg bw Guinea pig LD50 = 1,100 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Rabbit 1 hr LD50 > 2,200 µ g/ m3 Rat 4 hrs LC50 > 2,260 mg/ m3 Mouse 4 hrs LC50 > 1,800 mg/ m3 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat, mouse LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 402 LD50 > 5,000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes Rat injected; 3 hrs MLD = 0.094 mg ( NH4) 2SO4 N Mouse i. p. LD50 = 610 mg/ kg bw 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Rabbit Not irritating Rabbit OECD 404 Not irritating 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion Rabbit Not irritating Rabbit OECD 405 Not irritating 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose Rat 8 months; 5 hrs/ day; 5 days/ wk; inhalation Mild & transient effects at 0.5 mg/ m3. See text Rat Oral; 45 90 days LOAEL = 300 mg/ kg/ day Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 250 mg/ kg/ day Rat Inhalation; 2 or 4 months LOAEL = 26.77 mg/ m3 Rat Dermal; 20 days LOAEL = 45%

( NH4) 2S2O3 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Ammonium Sulfate Ammonium Thiosulfate Diammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium OECD 471 Negative Salmonella typhimurium OECD 471 Negative Salmonella typhimurium OECD 471 Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster ovaries Negative Chinese hamster ovaries Negative Chinese hamster ovaries OECD 473 Negative 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Rat, mouse Oral single dose NOAEL = 5,000 mg/ kg bw 5.7 Carcinogenicity Rat, hamster Not carcinogenic 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1,500 mg/ kg/ day 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Chicken eggs NOAEL > 10 mg/ egg Rat, mouse,

hamster Oral NOAEL > 550 mg/ kg/ day Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1,500 mg/ kg/ day 5.10 Metabolism and Toxicokinetics See text 5.11 Human Experience See text 1 2g See text See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Monammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 190 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point Decomposes 2.3 Density 1.83 g/ mL at 25oC 2.4 Vapor Pressure < 100 Pa at 20 ° C 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient 2.6A Water Solubility 328 g/ L at 20 ° C 2.6B pH and pKa values 4.2 in 0.2M aqueous solution 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties Not explosive 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Not an oxidizer 2.12 Oxidation:

Reduction Potential 2.13A Additional Data SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Monammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation 3.1.2 Stability in Water Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Stable 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 3.98 x 10 12% to air 45.3% to water 54.6% to soil 0.0755% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Monammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 hrs LC50 > 85.9 mg/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae)

4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR THE AMMONIA CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Thiosulfate CAS # 7783 18 8 Monammonium Phosphate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat OECD 402 LD50 > 5,000 mg/ kg bw 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/

Corrosion 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation . Chromosomal aberration 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo 5.7 Carcinogenicity 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity 5.10 Metabolism and Toxicokinetics See text 5.11 Human Experience See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3