[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 210 (Tuesday, October 30, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 65623-65625]
[FR Doc No: 2012-26604]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 165

[Docket No. USCG-2012-0885]
RIN 1625-AA87

Security Zones; USCGC WILLIAM FLORES Commissioning Ceremony, Ybor
Channel; Tampa, FL

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Temporary final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary security zone on
the waters of Ybor Channel in Tampa, Florida around the USCGC WILLIAM
FLORES immediately before and during its Commissioning Ceremony that
will be held on November 3, 2012, in the Port of Tampa, on Ybor Channel
at Channelside Cruise Terminal 3, located in position 27[deg]56.598' N,
082[deg]26.724' W. The security zone will be enforced from 8 a.m. to 4
p.m. and is necessary to protect USCGC WILLIAM FLORES, official
parties, dignitaries, the public, and surrounding waterways from
terrorist acts, sabotage or other subversive acts, accidents, or other
causes of a similar nature. Entering or remaining in the security zone
is prohibited unless authorized by the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative.

DATES: This rule is effective and will be enforced on November 3, 2012,
from 8 a.m. until 4 p.m.

ADDRESSES: Documents indicated in this preamble as being available in
the docket are part of docket USCG-2012-0885. To view documents
mentioned in this preamble as being available in the docket, go to
http://www.regulations.gov, type the docket number in the ``SEARCH''
box and click ``SEARCH''. Click on Open Docket Folder on the line
associated with this rulemaking. You may also visit the Docket
Management Facility in Room W12-140 on the ground floor of the
Department of Transportation West Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this
temporary final rule, call or email Boatswains Mate Second Class
Gregory A. Belkin, Sector St. Petersburg Prevention Department, Coast
Guard; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER> Ext. 8158, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you have questions on viewing the docket, call Renee
V. Wright, Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone (202) 366-
9826.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Acronyms

DHS Department of Homeland Security
FR Federal Register
NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

A. Regulatory History and Information

    The Coast Guard is issuing this temporary final rule without prior
notice and opportunity to comment pursuant to authority under section
4(a) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(b)). This
provision authorizes an agency to issue a rule without prior notice and
opportunity to comment when the agency for good cause finds that those
procedures are ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public
interest.'' Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the Coast Guard finds that good
cause exists for not publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM)
with respect to this rule. The Coast Guard did not have necessary
information regarding the event with sufficient time to publish an NPRM
and to receive public comments in advance of the effective date of the
security zone. Any delay in the effective date of this rule would be
contrary to the public interest as immediate action is needed to
protect USCGC WILLIAM FLORES, official parties, dignitaries, visiting
officials, the public, and the surrounding waterway from sabotage or
other subversive acts, accidents, or other causes of a similar nature.

B. Basis and Purpose

    The legal basis for the rule is the Coast Guard's authority to
establish regulated navigation areas and other limited access areas: 33
U.S.C. 1226, 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701, 3306, 3703; 50 U.S.C. 191,
195; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, 160.5; Pub. L. 107-295, 116 Stat.
2064; Department of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1.
    The purpose of this rule is to protect USCGC WILLIAM FLORES,
official parties, dignitaries, visiting officials, the public, and the
surrounding waterway from potential terrorist acts, sabotage or other
subversive acts, accidents, or other causes of a similar nature.

C. Discussion of the Final Rule

    On November 3, 2012, the USCGC WILLIAM FLORES Commissioning
Ceremony will be held in the Port of Tampa, on Ybor Channel at
Channelside Cruise Terminal 3, located in position 27[deg]56.598' N,
082[deg]26.724' W. The temporary security zone encompasses

all waters of Ybor Channel within a 250-yard radius of USCGC WILLIAM
FLORES. The security zone will be enforced from 8 a.m. until 4 p.m. on
November 3, 2012. No vessels will be authorized to transit the security
zone from 10 a.m. until 11 a.m. The security zone may cease to be
enforced prior to the end of the stated enforcement period if the
commissioning ceremony has concluded, and the USCGC WILLIAM FLORES and
visiting officials are departed ahead of schedule.
    All persons and vessels are prohibited from entering or remaining
in the security zone unless authorized by the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative. Persons and vessels desiring
to enter or remain in the security zone may contact the Captain of the
Port St. Petersburg by telephone at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or a designated
representative via VHF radio on channel 16, to request authorization.
If authorization to enter or remain within the regulated areas is
granted by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg or a designated
representative, all persons and vessels receiving such authorization
must comply with the instructions of the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative. Recreational vessels
authorized to enter or remain within the regulated areas may be subject
to boarding and inspection of the vessel and persons onboard. The Coast
Guard will provide notice of the security zone by Local Notice to
Mariners, Broadcast Notice to Mariners, and on-scene designated
representatives.

D. Regulatory Analyses

    We developed this rule after considering numerous statutes and
executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses
based on these statutes and executive orders.

1. Regulatory Planning and Review

    This rule is not a significant regulatory action under section 3(f)
of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, as
supplemented by Executive Order 13563, Improving Regulation and
Regulatory Review, and does not require an assessment of potential
costs and benefits under section 6(a)(3) of Executive Order 12866 or
under section 1 of Executive Order 13563. The Office of Management and
Budget has not reviewed it under those Orders. The economic impact of
this rule is not significant for the following reasons: (1) The
security zone will be enforced for a total of 8 hours; (2) the security
zone will be in a location where commercial vessel traffic is expected
to be minimal; (3) commercial vessel traffic may be authorized to
transit the security zones to the extent compatible with public safety
and security; (4) persons and vessels will be able to operate in the
surrounding area adjacent to the security zones during the enforcement
period; (5) persons and vessels will be able to enter or remain within
the security zones if authorized by the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative; and (6) the Coast Guard
would provide advance notification of the security zone to the local
community by Broadcast Notice to Mariners.

2. Impact on Small Entities

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601-612, as
amended, requires federal agencies to consider the potential impact of
regulations on small entities during rulemaking. The term ``small
entities'' comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations
that are independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their
fields, and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than
50,000.The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this rule
will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of
small entities. This rule may affect the following entities, some of
which may be small entities: the owners or operators of vessels
intending to enter or remain within those portions of Ybor Channel
encompassed within the security zone from 8 a.m. through 4 p.m. on
November 3, 2012. For the reasons discussed in the Regulatory Planning
and Review section above, this rule will not have a significant
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities.

3. Assistance for Small Entities

    Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we want to assist small
entities in understanding this rule. If the rule would affect your
small business, organization, or governmental jurisdiction and you have
questions concerning its provisions or options for compliance, please
contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT,
above.
    Small businesses may send comments on the actions of Federal
employees who enforce, or otherwise determine compliance with, Federal
regulations to the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory
Enforcement Ombudsman and the Regional Small Business Regulatory
Fairness Boards. The Ombudsman evaluates these actions annually and
rates each agency's responsiveness to small business. If you wish to
comment on actions by employees of the Coast Guard, call 1-888-REG-FAIR
(1-888-734-3247). The Coast Guard will not retaliate against small
entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy or
action of the Coast Guard.

4. Collection of Information

    This rule will not call for a new collection of information under
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520).

5. Federalism

    A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132,
Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on the States, on the
relationship between the national government and the States, or on the
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of
government. We have analyzed this rule under that Order and have
determined that it does not have implications for federalism.

6. Protest Activities

    The Coast Guard respects the First Amendment rights of protesters.
Protesters are asked to contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER
INTFORMATION CONTACT section to coordinate protest activities so that
your message can be received without jeopardizing the safety or
security of people, places or vessels.

7. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary
regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may
result in the expenditure by a State, local, or Tribal government, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 (adjusted for
inflation) or more in any one year. Though this rule will not result in
such an expenditure, we do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere
in this preamble.

8. Taking of Private Property

    This rule will not affect a taking of private property or otherwise
have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights.

9. Civil Justice Reform

    This rule meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2)
of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation,
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.

10. Protection of Children

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13045, Protection
of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. This rule
is not an economically significant rule and does not create an
environmental risk to health or risk to safety that might
disproportionately affect children.

11. Indian Tribal Governments

    This rule does not have Tribal implications under Executive Order
13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments,
because it does not have a substantial direct effect on one or more
Indian Tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and
Indian Tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian Tribes.

12. Energy Effects

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' under Executive
Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use.

13. Technical Standards

    This rule does not use technical standards. Therefore, we did not
consider the use of voluntary consensus standards.

14. Environment

    We have analyzed this rule under Department of Homeland Security
Management Directive 023-01 and Commandant Instruction M16475.lD, which
guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321-4370f), and have determined
this action is one of a category of actions that do not individually or
cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment. This
rule involves establishing temporary security zone, as described in
paragraph 34(g) of the Instruction that will be enforced for a total of
8 hours. This rule is categorically excluded, under figure 2-1,
paragraph (34)(g), of the Commandant Instruction. An environmental
analysis checklist and categorical exclusion determination supporting
this determination are available in the docket where indicated under
ADDRESSES.

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165

    Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard amends
33 CFR part 165 as follows:

PART 165--REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS

0
1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 1226, 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701, 3306,
3703; 50 U.S.C. 191, 195; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, 160.5; Pub.
L. 107-295, 116 Stat. 2064; Department of Homeland Security
Delegation No. 0170.1.

0
2. Add a temporary Sec.  165.T07-0922 to read as follows:

Sec.  165.T07-0922  Security Zones; USCGC WILLIAM FLORES Commissioning
Ceremony, Ybor Channel; Tampa, FL.

    (a) Regulated Areas. The following regulated area is a security
zone: all waters of Ybor Channel encompassed by a 250-yard radius
around USCGC WILLIAM FLORES at Channelside Cruise Terminal 3 in the
Port of Tampa, located in position 27[deg]56.598' N, 082[deg]26.724' W.
All coordinates are North American Datum 1983.
    (b) Definition. The term ``designated representative'' means Coast
Guard Patrol Commanders, including Coast Guard boat coxswains, petty
officers, and other officers operating Coast Guard vessels, and
Federal, state, and local officials designated by or assisting the
Captain of the Port St. Petersburg in the enforcement of the regulated
areas.
    (c) Regulations. (1) All persons and vessels desiring to enter or
remain within the regulated area may contact the Captain of the Port
St. Petersburg by telephone at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or a designated
representative via VHF radio on channel 16, to request authorization.
    (2) If authorization to enter or remain within the regulated area
is granted by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg or a designated
representative, all persons and vessels receiving such authorization
must comply with the instructions of the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative. Recreational vessels
authorized to enter the regulated area may be subject to boarding and
inspection of the vessel and persons onboard.
    (3) The Coast Guard will provide notice of the regulated area by
Local Notice to Mariners, Broadcast Notice to Mariners, and on-scene
designated representatives.
    (d) Effective date. This rule is effective and will be enforced
from 8 a.m. through 4 p.m. on November 3, 2012.

    Dated: October 18, 2012.
S.L. Dickinson,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port.
[FR Doc. 2012-26604 Filed 10-29-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P


NACOSH Heat Stress Work Group 1
Work Group 1 members:
          Mirella Deniz-Zaragoza  -  Warehouse Worker Resource Center
          Kathleen Dobson, CSP, Chairperson  -  Alberici Constructors, Inc.
          Nicole Hernandez-Hammer  -  Service Employees International Union
          Christopher Long  -  National Association of Manufacturers
          Kirk Sander  -  National Waste and Recycling Association
          June Spector, MD, MPH  -  University of Washington and Washington State SHARP Program
          Gavin West  -  CPWR; the Center for Construction Research & Training
Introductory Statement:
As there are over 75 industries identified by OSHA whose tasks may be impacted by heat, the work group was challenged to prioritize their recommendations related to those industries. In some situations, we believe that to prioritize one is to minimize the importance of another.
OSHA's heat awareness campaign dates to the early 2000's, and some of the content and products contained within the campaign are outdated, and/or new scientific and/or technical information is available. The group also identified areas where content was deficient or missing.

In making recommendations, the work group identified priorities within charge for OSHA to implement in accordance with their own strategic plan and campaign cycles.
Where short-term recommendations were made, we advise these be conducted in the next one to two campaign cycles (6  -  12 months). Mid-term recommendations are 12  -  36 months. We did not make any long-term recommendations.
Work Group 1's Assignment was to evaluate and provide input and recommendations on OSHA's heat illness prevention materials using the following charges established by OSHA.
 To identify whether there are communication strategies or products that are useful for employers and workers that are not currently being used by OSHA.
 To identify whether there are critical heat topics missing from materials.
 To identify whether materials are accessible to the populations most at risk of hazardous heat exposure in outdoor and indoor work settings.
 To identify whether existing guidance materials are up to date and align with current best practices in heat hazards and heat illness prevention.
 To identify specific industries or audiences that would benefit from more tailored guidance materials.
In addressing the heat illness guidance materials, the work group evaluated the following:
 what is the product
 when it was published
 if the product content is still relevant
 if the perceived audience is clearly identified
 what the product format is
 what language the product is presented in
 what the topic and message of the product is
 whether the product content aligns with current OSHA practices
 whether the product is focused toward outdoor or indoor workers, and
 how each product is intended to be used
The work group also:
          reviewed the products for consistency in messaging
          looked for missing industries; identified the benefits of having specific, tailored materials
          evaluated products for new science or current best practices
          identified missing topics; identified if the products are accessible to at-risk populations, and
          identified additional recommendations for strategies or products and whether the material complements current OSHA enforcement activities (OSHA Compliance Directive  -  2022 and the OSHA National Emphasis Program [NEP] on heat).
The work group created a matrix where products could be compared and where the group could address concerns regarding content and format. That matrix is included as part of the appendices of this report.

Charge 1: Identify whether there are communication strategies or products that are useful for employers and workers that are not currently being used by OSHA:
There were several items identified that are either not in use by OSHA or include outdated materials. In lieu of listing out all items, we refer to the matrix and identified priorities that also fell into other charge categories.
The work group recommends prioritizing the following for Charge 1:
Short-term:
 Review and revise outdated content (see Charge 4 response for recommendations on specific content).
 Continue to prioritize visual, audio, and/or audio-visual products, which have the potential to be more widely accessible (see Charge 3 response for recommendations).
Medium-term:
 Reconsider timing(s) of campaign, as different regions experience hot weather at different times of year and roll out across the country during varying time periods (i.e.; Late February  -  Mid May).
 Enhance strategic partnerships (see Charge 3 response for recommendations).
 Prioritize toolbox talk/pre-job briefing and train-the-trainer formats for health and safety personnel, trainers, supervisors, and others who may be training workers.
 Use train-the-trainer formats to widely disseminate information such as the following:
 https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/osha_heattraining_guide_0411.pdf, and

 interactive industry-tailored train-the-trainer heat education formats, including: Grzywacz JG, et al. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine  -  61(9):735-742 September 2019 & Marquez et al. Journal of Agromedicine  -  The Effect of Participatory Heat Education on Agricultural Worker Knowledge; (online) (https://doi.org/10.1080/1059924X.2022.2058667) 17 April 2022.
  Create worker-designated applications which could be downloadable narratives.
 Identify Audio-visual material as additional communication strategy (note: the work group understands that the expense of developing these may create feasibility issues, however using short clips, examples, controls, best practice resources may be cost-effective options)
 Include Toolbox Talks/Pre-job briefings including industries outside of construction which may include subsets of AV materials.
   Information about workers' rights and worker and employer roles and responsibilities should be included for all products.
Charge 2: Identify whether there are critical heat topics missing from materials:
Current products focus primarily on construction and agricultural industries. The work group found that the current products lacked information about indoor heat, specifically for:

 Indoor work
 Warehouse work - where heat related incidents may be related to quotas and production rates. Even at lower temperatures in warehouse settings, ventilation and humidity may be issues.
 Information related to worker productivity

For workers who are mainly out-of-doors, the group specifically identified target groups such as:
 Delivery services
 Waste management
 Airport work and

 A lack of Information regarding lost workdays related to heat-related illnesses

The work group also identified a lack of information regarding fluctuating weather conditions - major spikes up and down in temperatures and acclimatization issues, especially related to a history of longer, hotter summer temperatures where the trending is expected to continue.

The group identified a lack of information regarding other effects of heat other than heat illnesses heat such as the effect of heat on pre-existing health conditions, i.e.; heart disease, asthma, COPD, dehydration - kidney disease as well as the impact on workers' mental well-being and how heat can cause or contribute to acute injuries  -  such as fainting due to heat and subsequent injuries related to falls.

There is a lack of methodology regarding the establishment of heat-illness risk assessments and descriptions for employers developing guidance materials for their employees (employer responsibility - guidance/guidance document needed - CALOSHA IIPP can be a good resource) and how to determine heat related hierarchy of controls, including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and PPE.

Other topics the work group identified as missing or incomplete included information regarding:

 Worker hydration, food & nutrition related to successfully combating heat illness.
 Training needed for competent, qualified, or designated person
 Definition of shade and how to provide it in different (difficult) circumstances
 Guidance on personal susceptibility and accountability (e.g., medications)

 How to engage workers on this issue  -  how is the information used and are there privacy issues?
 Heat injury due to lack of food/fuel
 Personal factors  -  off hours personal activities and hydration.

 Use of wearables for dehydration & heat (NIOSH guidance may be useful) (information regarding validations and reliability, effectiveness), privacy concerns, protection of personal rights and supporting evidence from NIOSH, etc.

 Cooling methods  -  there is newer science available.
 Inconsistencies - national emphasis program and (sample) hazard alert letter  -  see appendix D in the NEP document. In hazard alert letter there are more specifics/level of detail in abatement measures and more specific than the NEP. (general duty clause, inspections, solutions implemented) (per Jennifer Levin  -  there may not really be inconsistencies  -  information is related to OSHA direction following an inspection with employer measures to take) (We have been advised that ACCSH is reviewing) What is OSHA expecting from employers?

The work group recommends prioritizing the following related to Charge 2:
Short-Term:
 Information about indoor heat (e.g., hazards, controls, and solutions)
 This should include warehouse environments (with consideration of ventilation and humidity) and heat-related incidents related to heavy workloads and production rates, even when temperatures do not exceed OSHA recommended limits.

 Guidance for the mobile workforce (e.g., waste companies, delivery drivers) and workers who may be in mixed indoor/outdoor environments

 Acclimatization & supporting best practices
 Definition and importance of acclimatization for existing workers, new workers, returning workers, and when heat stress conditions fluctuate
 Practical recommendations for different ways to ensure workers are acclimatized
 Suggest that OSHA review available best practices and guidance from various OSHA State Plan States with acclimatization provisions in their heat rules, such as California: https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/etools/08-006/EWP_acclimatization.htm#:~:text=Acclimatization%20is%20fully%20achieved%20in,first%20day%20on%20the%20job

 Options for measuring and monitoring environmental conditions, including guidance on:
 Most appropriate heat metrics for different settings (e.g., indoor, outdoor)
 Key characteristics to consider in selecting instruments/monitors to measure heat exposure

Mid-Term:

 Develop & use infographics in lieu of identifying specific languages for products.
Information about workers' rights and worker and employer roles and responsibilities should be included for all products.
Charge 3: Identify whether materials are accessible to the populations most at risk of hazardous heat exposure in outdoor and indoor work settings.

The group recognizes that there are numerous regional priorities for translation (e.g. Spanish, Russian, Cantonese, and other languages in various regions across the country) and some languages for which there is not a written format. Because of this, the workgroup does not feel it can recommend a triaged list of language translation priorities across the U.S.

The work group used the following to aid in determining language accessibility:

      https://www.census.gov/acs/www/about/why-we-ask-each-question/language/
      https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2013/demo/2009-2013-lang-tables.html

The workgroup recommends as short-term priorities:
 At a minimum, Spanish translation for all products.
 Suggest to OSHA to conduct an analysis of languages identified in reported heat illness cases and local inspections or to incorporate information about language prevalence among workers in the US to prioritize languages.
 Use language translations which are conducted by professional translators, in accordance with best practices (e.g., https://www.cms.gov/Outreach-and-Education/Outreach/WrittenMaterialsToolkit/downloads/ToolkitPart11.pdf)
 Prioritize visual, audio, and/or audio-visual products, which may require less need for translation. Examples include:
 Infographics or short clips of worker narratives and controls/best practices, materials for toolbox talk/pre-job briefing materials
 Post radio scripts or media kits with key messages that can be used for radio spots, local community TV
 Enhance strategic alliances such as the following:
 Partner with organizations that won or received honorable mentions as part of EPA's Let's Talk About Heat Challenge: https://www.epa.gov/innovation/lets-talk-about-heat-challenge. Examine whether strategies and products being used by this and other organizations could be adopted by federal OSHA. Encourage these organizations, who are conducting effective outreach in their communities, to address the importance of worker health and safety and to link to OSHA guidance, if they are not doing so already.
 Review how information is available and accessible if phones are not permitted or when satellite/cell signals are not accessible - how to get info in non-technical manners.
 Review effectiveness of infographics versus word documents.
 Review the turn-around time for OSHA to deliver printed documents for heat-related materials. (if someone wanted printed materials direct from OSHA, what is the timeframe for delivery?)

Mid-Range Priorities:

      Analyze what types of materials are being accessed (who and how do people access the materials) (cross-cutting issue  -  is key messaging understandable and retained by the user/reader) (The work group identified surveying targeted audiences as a potential method)
 Identify if at-risk populations are aware of materials?
 Leverage strategies on a region-by-region basis to disseminate information:
 Strategic partnerships, alliances
 compliance assistance specialists/OSHA Office of Outreach

 Use OSHA QuickTakes as a means

          o   Develop language and translation materials for a wider range of audience
          o   Identify audio routes - radio stations, local community TV (regional) (OSHA to post radio scripts or media kits for those in local settings)
          o   Establish targeted mailings for at-risk populations
          o   Use community outreach and local markets, gatekeepers - i.e.; churches, libraries, community health centers (cooling centers) and elementary or secondary schools near agriculture sites
Charge 4:  Identify whether existing guidance materials are up to date and align with current best practices in heat hazards and heat illness prevention
As a note, the workgroup did not have access to US data on heat illness cases as we formulated responses.
The workgroup recommends short-term prioritizing:
 The correcting of inconsistencies across products and with the OSHA NEP.

 Correct broken links in older documents such as:
 Heat Hazards: Working Outdoors in Warm Climates Fact Sheet (2005) (English: PDF)
 Clarify symptoms, particularly recognition of heat stroke:
 Heat Outreach Wallet Card (2012) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2013) (Portuguese: PDF)
 Heat Safety Fact Sheet (Oil & Gas/Construction) (2011) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF)
 Heat Safety Illustrated, Low-Literacy Fact Sheet (Construction/Agriculture) (2011) (English: PDF)
 Heat Illness Signs and Symptoms Infographic English (ZIP) (2021)
 Awareness Video (English) (Spanish)
 Ensure consistency in hydration recommendations:
 Heat Stress QuickCard(TM) (2017) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2011) (Vietnamese: PDF)
 Ensure consistency with OSHA NEP:
 Heat Illness: Protecting Workers from the Effects of Heat Fact Sheet (2014) (English: PDF)
 Incorporate new evidence (see next section and resources below**)
 Mid-range priority:

Conduct a technical review to update and incorporate current science.  Targeted examples to include:

 Acclimatization:
 Heat Stress QuickCard(TM) (2017) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2011) (Vietnamese: PDF)
 Prevent Heat Illness at Work Infographic English (ZIP) (2021)
 Caffeine:
 Heat Hazards: Working Outdoors in Warm Climates Fact Sheet (2005) (English: PDF)
 Heat Illness: Protecting Workers from the Effects of Heat Fact Sheet (2014) (English: PDF)
 Heat Stress QuickCard(TM) (2017) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2011) (Vietnamese: PDF)
             Cooling:
                   Heat Illness: Protecting Workers from the Effects of Heat Fact Sheet (2014) (English: PDF)
                   Heat Stress QuickCard(TM) (2017) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2011) (Vietnamese: PDF)
                   Heat Illness Medical Emergency Infographic English (ZIP) (2021)
 Heat illnesses/symptoms:
 Heat Illness: Protecting Workers from the Effects of Heat Fact Sheet (2014) (English: PDF)
 Heat Stress QuickCard(TM) (2017) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2011) (Vietnamese: PDF)
 Respirators:
 Heat Hazards: Working Outdoors in Warm Climates Fact Sheet (2005) (English: PDF)
 Solar radiation:
 Heat Illness: Protecting Workers from the Effects of Heat Fact Sheet (2014) (English: PDF)
 NIOSH/OSHA Heat Safety Tool App (iPhone) (android)
 Wind/air flow:
 Heat Illness: Protecting Workers from the Effects of Heat Fact Sheet (2014) (English: PDF)
 Heat Stress QuickCard(TM) (2017) (English: PDF) (Spanish: PDF) (2011) (Vietnamese: PDF)
 OSHA-NIOSH INFOSHEET: Protecting Workers from Heat Illness (2011) https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-174/default.html
Resource Materials: (focusing on what is technical versus what is general information)
      Acclimatization:
        Adaptations and mechanisms of human heat acclimation: Applications for competitive athletes and sports - PubMed (nih.gov)
        Heat Acclimation Decay and Re-Induction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PubMed (nih.gov)
     Caffeine:
        Marginal effects of a large caffeine dose on heat balance during exercise-heat stress - PubMed (nih.gov)
        Caffeine during exercise in the heat: thermoregulation and fluid-electrolyte balance - PubMed (nih.gov)
        Thermoregulatory responses to exercise in the heat: chronic caffeine intake has no effect - PubMed (nih.gov)
     Cooling methods:
        Cooling intervention studies among outdoor occupational groups: A review of the literature - PubMed (nih.gov)
         Cooling Interventions Among Agricultural Workers: A Pilot Study - PubMed (nih.gov)
        First aid cooling techniques for heat stroke and exertional hyperthermia: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed (nih.gov)
        Tarp-Assisted Cooling as a Method of Whole-Body Cooling in Hyperthermic Individuals https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27865532/
     Fitness/personal factors:
        Individual Responses to Heat Stress: Implications for Hyperthermia and Physical Work Capacity - PubMed (nih.gov)
        Occupational heat stress management: Does one size fit all? - PubMed (nih.gov)
     Physiological monitoring: Heat Safety in the Workplace: Modified Delphi Consensus to Establish Strategies and Resources to Protect the US Workers - PMC (nih.gov)
     Respirators/masks related to thermal comfort & heat illness:
        Heat stress evaluation of two-layer chemical demilitarization ensembles with a full face negative pressure respirator - PubMed (nih.gov)
        Thermal discomfort of respiratory protective devices - PubMed (nih.gov)
     Sun correction:
        Review of Tom Bernard material -  "Direct sun with modest air movement will raise the black globe temperature about 13 to 15 °F above the air temperature."  This is different from dry air temp or heat index. There is some further discussion of sun effects with and related to different metrics here: Bernard TE, Iheanacho I. Heat index and adjusted temperature as surrogates for wet bulb globe temperature to screen for occupational heat stress. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2015;12(5):323-33. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2014.989365. PMID: 25616731. Confusion over sun correction versus solar radiation? (JS)
     General:
        Recently updated ACGIH Heat Stress/Strain TLV
        Heat Safety in the Workplace: Modified Delphi Consensus to Establish Strategies and Resources to Protect the US Workers - PMC (nih.gov)

Charge 5: Identify specific industries or audiences that would benefit from more tailored guidance materials
Because there is often under-recognition of heat illness by health care providers (HCP), especially those unfamiliar with occupational medicine, information or material should be available to any HCP regarding medications and personal risk factors/role in heat illness prevention.
Short-term prioritizing: The group specifically identified health care providers in addition to those recommended in the OSHA NEP instructional document, which include:
 Local employers in high-hazard and targeted industries.
 Unions
 worker centers
 COSH groups (Councils for Occupational Safety and Health), and others such as:

 Organizations committed to advancing protections for underserved worker populations.
 Local companies and employer associations (e.g., trade associations, contractor groups, farm bureaus, local chambers of commerce) in high-hazard industries.
 Insurance companies.
 Local professional associations (e.g., local safety councils, local agriculture extensions).
 Temporary employment agencies providing employees to targeted employers.
 Local newspapers, TV stations, and trade magazines (these can help inform the public and hard-to-reach employers).
 Local government (e.g., health departments, departments of correction, emergency services, construction permitting agencies, and departments of transportation).
 Local suppliers of materials or services, equipment transportation companies, such as              landscapers, and delivery services.