NCS Herald Cohort Study Instrument # 8 Female Questionnaire Preconception Third Home Visit Eligibility: All women enrolled preconception, not yet pregnant Mode of administration: Interviewer, home visit 8/ 4/ 2005 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 30 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to: Dr. Pauline Mendola, US EPA, MD 58A, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. E mail: mendola. pauline@ epa. gov. Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

1 PRELOADED DATA:

Today's date Language of interview ( English/ Spanish)

Respondent Name Respondent Address and Phone Spouse/ Partner's Name Spouse/ Partner's Address and Phone Marital status Last interview date Student status Employment status Flag for house pets reported Smoking status Past chemical exposures Past prescription medications QUESTIONNAIRE: Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

2 Address ( update)

1. I'd just like to quickly confirm the contact information we have on file: { FILL PRELOADED ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER}. Is this still correct?

1 YES 2 NO

Enter correct information 2. Do you plan to move from this address before { FILL END DATE OF FOLLOW UP PERIOD}?

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE 3. Where do you plan to move? ( Interviewer: collect complete address if possible. If unknown, collect city and state.)

IF MOVING WITHIN STUDY AREA, ADMINISTER INSTRUMENT # 29, NEW HOME LOCATION IF MOVING OUT OF STUDY AREA, INELIGIBLE. SKIP TO END { END OF ADDRESS MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

3 Partner ( update)

1. When we last interviewed you, you said you were [ FILL MARITAL STATUS FROM SCREENER]. Is this still correct?

1 YES

SKIP TO Q5 2 NO 2. What is your current marital status?

1 Married 2 Widowed

GO TO NEXT MODULE 3 Divorced

GO TO NEXT MODULE 4 Separated

GO TO NEXT MODULE 5 Living with a partner in a committed relationship 6 In a committed relationship, but not living together 7 Single, never married

GO TO NEXT MODULE 3. What is your [ husband's/ partner's] name?

COLLECT HUSBAND/ PARTNER NAME

IF Q2= 6, GO TO Q4. ELSE, GO TO NEXT MODULE REFUSED

GO TO NEXT MODJLE 4. [ THIS IS ONLY ASKED IF Q2= 6] In order to determine if your partner would also like to participate in the study, we would like to collect some contact information. What is your partner's address and telephone number?

COLLECT PARTNER CONTACT INFO

GO TO NEXT MODULE REFUSED

GO TO NEXT MODULE 5. I would like to verify the information you gave me the last time we interviewed you. I have your [ husband's/ partner's] name as [ PRELOAD NAME]. Is this still correct?

1 YES

GO TO NEXT MODULE 2 NO  9 REFUSED 6. Please give me your [ husband's/ partner's] name and address.

COLLECT INFORMATION ON NEW PARTNER REFUSED { END OF PARTNER MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

4 Pregnancy Status ( Update)

Now I'd like to ask you about your pregnancy status and plans.

1. Are you currently pregnant?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q5 3 DON'T KNOW

SKIP TO Q5 2. What is your due date?

MM/ DD/ YYYY DON'T KNOW

What was the first day of your last menstrual period? MM/ DD/ YYYY 3. What is the name of your OB/ GYN doctor?

1 NAME ( SPECIFY) _______________________________ 2 DO NOT HAVE A DOCTOR YET 3 REFUSED 4. Where do you plan to deliver?

1 HOSPITAL ( SPECIFY) _______________________________ 2 OTHER ( SPECIFY) _______________________________ 3 DON'T KNOW 4 REFUSED [ SWITCH TO PREGNANCY VISIT # 1 ( INSTRUMENT # 11)]

5. Which of the following statements best describes your current feelings about becoming pregnant?

1 I am trying to get pregnant now 2 I don't wish to get pregnant now, but I would like to get pregnant within the next three months 3 I would like to get pregnant sometime in the future, but not in the next three months 4 I do not ever wish to get pregnant 6. Do you currently use any form of birth control? By birth control, I mean anything that you might have done to prevent pregnancy.

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE 7. What form( s) of birth control do you use? ( CODE ALL THAT APPLY)

1 Birth control pills 2 IUD 3 Depo Provera/ Norplant 4 Condoms 5 Rhythm Method 6 Diaphragm 7 Some other method ( SPECIFY) ___________ Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

5 { END OF PREGNANCY STATUS MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

6 Occupation ( Update)

1. In your last interview on [ FILL DATE], you reported that you were ( FILL: not a / a full time / a parttime student. Is this still correct?

1 YES

SKIP TO Q4 2 NO 2. Are you now a student full or part time?

1 YES, FULL TIME 2 YES, PART PART 3 NO, NOT A STUDENT

SKIP TO Q4 3. What type of school are you currently attending?

1 HIGH SCHOOL 2 TECHNICAL SCHOOL 3 COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY 4 GRADUATE SCHOOL 5 PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL ( FOR EXAMPLE, MEDICAL SCHOOL) 6 OTHER ( SPECIFY)_________________

4. In your last interview on [ FILL DATE], you reported that you were ( FILL EMPLOYMENT). Is this still correct?

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO Q5 [ PROGRAMMING INSTRUCTIONS] Q4= YES, STILL WORKING

SKIP TO Q6 Q4= YES, STILL LOOKING FOR WORK

GO TO NEXT MODULE Q4= YES, STILL NOT WORKING

GO TO NEXT MODULE 5. Are you currently

[ ONLY DISPLAY THE OPTIONS NOT SELECTED IN PREVIOUS INTERVIEW] 1 Working at a job or business,

SKIP TO PARAGRAPH BEFORE Q7 2 Looking for work, or

GO TO NEXT MODULE 3 Not working at a job or business?

GO TO NEXT MODULE 6. Did you start work at any jobs since [ FILL DATE]?

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

7 Please tell me about the jobs you've had since your last interview, starting with the ( FILL: current/ most recent/ next) one.

7. On what date did you start this job?

MM/ DD/ YYYY 8. On what date did you stop working at this job?

MM/ DD/ YYYY 1 = STILL EMPLOYED 9. What kind of business or industry ( FILL: is/ was) this? ( For example: TV and radio management, retail shoe store, state labor department, farm.)

_________________________________ ENTER NAME OF BUSINESS, JOB, OR INDUSTRY 10. What kind of work ( FILL: are/ were) you doing? ( For example: farming, mail clerk, computer specialist.)

_________________________________ ENTER NAME OF OCCUPATION 11. How many hours a week ( FILL: do/ did) you usually work at this job?

____ HOURS 12. ( FILL: Do/ Did) you do shift work for this job?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q14 13. ( FILL: Does/ Did) this include the night shift?

1 YES 2 NO 14. Did you have any other jobs since [ FILL DATE]?

1 YES [ REPEAT Q7 Q13 FOR UP TO 3 JOBS] 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE { END OF OCCUPATION MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

8 Chemical Exposures ( Update)

Now I'm going to ask you about chemicals you may have used at work, at home, or for any hobbies.

1. Last time you said you were { FILL: not exposed to any of these chemicals / exposed to [ DISPLAY LIST OF EXPOSURES REPORTED IN PREVIOUS VISIT]}. Is this still correct? ( HAND SHOW CARD TO RESPONDENT AND READ THE LETTER CORRESPONDING TO EACH PREVIOUS EXPOSURE)

1 YES

IF NO PREVIOUS EXPOSURES, SKIP TO END 2 NO 2. [ IF Q1= 1, ASK:] Are you currently also exposed to any of the following chemicals? [ IF Q1= 2, ASK:] Which of the following chemicals are you currently exposed to?

[ IF Q1= 1, DISPLAY ONLY THOSE EXPOSURES NOT PREVIOUSLY REPORTED. IF Q1= 2, DISPLAY ALL EXPOSURES]

YES NO

SKIP TO NEXT EXPOSURE 3. How often are you exposed to [ INSERT EXPOSURE] ? Would you say. . .

4. Did the exposure occur while you were at work?

2. Currently Exposed Yes = 01 No = 02 3. Frequency 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month 4. At work Yes = 01 No = 02 A. Fuels, solvents, dry cleaning fluids, degreasers, or adhesives B. Lead, including paints with lead in them C. Fumes or gases ( e. g., nitrous oxide, ethylene oxide, anesthetic gases) D. Radiation ( e. g., fluoroscopy, radioisotopes, highintensity microwaves, x rays) E. Mercury F. Metal fumes or particles G. Pesticides that you've mixed or applied H. Paints, strippers, or varnishes I. Hair and nail products ( e. g, hair dye, bleach, hair relaxer, nail polish and remover) J. Cleaning products ( e. g., oven cleaner, disinfectant, carpet cleaner, bleach) K. Carbon black from copying machines L. Coal or coal products from hot asphalt, tar, or roofing material { END OF CHEMICAL EXPOSURES MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

9 Personal Medical History ( Update)

Now I'd like to ask you about any changes to your general health.

1. Since your last interview on [ FILL DATE], have you developed any of the following health problems? ( CODE ALL THAT APPLY)

[ CAPI: ONLY DISPLAY ITEMS = NO FOR LAST INTERVIEW]

1 High blood pressure or hypertension 2 High blood sugar or diabetes 3 High cholesterol 4 Anemia ( poor blood, low iron) 5 Heart problems 6 Hayfever or allergy 7 Skin allergy or eczema 8 Asthma 9 Kidney or bladder ( urinary tract) infection IF Q1 = 8, ASK Q2 4 ELSE, SKIP TO Q5 2. Did a doctor or other medical provider tell you that you have asthma?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q5 3. Have you used any inhalers or taken any pills for asthma or wheezing or whistling in your chest?

1 YES 2 NO 4. Have you ever gone to an emergency room or stayed overnight in a hospital for your asthma?

1 YES 2 NO 5. Since your last interview on [ FILL DATE], have you been diagnosed with any other serious illnesses that I haven't asked about?

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE 5a. What were those illnesses? ( ENTER VERBATIM)

_______________________

6. Since [ FILL DATE], have you been hospitalized for any reason 1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

10 6a. Why were you hospitalized? ( ENTER VERBATIM)

__________________________

{ END OF PERSONAL MEDICAL HISTORY MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

11 Medications ( Update)

I'll be asking you about prescription and non prescription medications you are currently taking. If you do not remember the specific names of your medications, I can wait for you to gather them.

1. Are you currently taking any new prescription medications that you were not taking when we last interviewed you on [ FILL DATE]?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q3 2. Please tell me what prescription medications you are taking. Are you currently taking any

Medication Type IF YES: What is the name of the [ INSERT MED TYPE] you are taking? a. Antibiotics? 1 YES 2 NO b. Allergy medications, antihistamines, or decongestants? 1 YES 2 NO c. Pain Killers? 1 YES 2 NO d. Medications for depression? 1 YES 2 NO e. Medications for asthma? 1 YES 2 NO f. Other prescription medications? 1 YES 2 NO 3. Do you currently take any non prescription, or over the counter, medications on a regular basis?

1 YES

IF PREVIOUS OTC MEDS REPORTED, GO TO Q4. IF NOT, GO TO Q5 2 NO

SKIP TO END 4. [ CAPI INSTRUCTION: DISPLAY PREVIOUS OTC MEDS FROM TABLE BELOW AND FREQUENCY REPORTED] Last time, you said you took { FILL MED NAME} { FILL FREQUENCY}. Has this changed?

4a. Are you currently taking any of these other non prescription medications in a regular basis? [ CAPI INSTRUCTION: DISPLAY OTC MEDS NOT REPORTED DURING LAST INTERVIEW]

5. Please tell me which non prescription medications you currently take on a regular basis. Do you take  Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

12 Medication Type IF YES: How often do you usually take this medication? a. Tylenol ( Acetominophen)? 1 YES 2 NO 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month b. Advil or Motrin ( Ibuprofen)? 1 YES 2 NO 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month c. Cough or cold medicine? 1 YES 2 NO 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month d. Allergy medications, antihistamines, or decongestants? 1 YES 2 NO 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month e. Aspirin? 1 YES 2 NO 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month f. Other nonprescription medications? ( SPECIFY) 1 YES 2 NO 1 = Daily 2 = 2 3/ week 3 = 1/ week 4 = 1/ month 5 = < 1/ month { END OF MEDICATIONS MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

13 Supplements, Vitamins, Etc. ( update)

Now I will ask you similar questions about vitamins and supplements you are taking.

1. Are you currently taking any multivitamins such as One a Day, Centrum, or prenatal vitamins?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q4 2. How often do you take any multivitamins or prenatal vitamins?

1 Every day 2 4   6 days per week 3 1   3 days per week 4 1   3 days per month 3. Do your multivitamins usually contain minerals such as iron, zinc, etc.?

1 YES 2 NO 4. Are you currently taking any vitamins, minerals, or supplements other than your multivitamins?

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE 5. Do you take any of the following supplements that are not part of a multivitamin? ( INTERVIEWER: HAND SHOW CARD TO RESPONDENT. CODE ALL THAT APPLY)

1 BETA CAROTENE 2 VITAMIN A 3 VITAMIN B 6 OR B COMPLEX 4 VITAMIN C 5 VITAMIN E 6 CALCIUM OR CALCIUM CONTAINING ANTACIDS 7 VITAMIN D, INCLUDING VITAMIN D TAKEN AS PART OF A CALCIUM SUPPLEMENT 8 BREWER'S YEAST 9 COD LIVER OIL 10 COENZYME Q 11 FISH OIL ( OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS) 12 FOLIC ACID/ FOLATE 13 GLUCOSAMINE 14 HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN ( HTP) 15 IRON 16 NIACIN 17 SELENIUM 18 ZINC Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

14 6. Please tell me if you take any of the following herbal or botanical supplements more than once per week. Include only supplements and teas, not use of the herb in food. ( INTERVIEWER: HAND SHOW CARD TO RESPONDENT. CODE ALL THAT APPLY)

1 ALOE VERA 2 BILBERRY 3 CAYENNE 4 CRANBERRY 5 DONG KUAI ( TANGKWEI) 6 ECHINACEA 7 EVENING PRIMROSE OIL 8 FEVERFEW 9 GARLIC 10 GINGER 11 GINKGO BILOBA 12 GINSENG ( AMERICAN OR ASIAN) 13 GOLDENSEAL 14 GRAPESEED EXTRACT 15 KAVA 16 MILK THISTLE 17 SIBERIAN GINSENG 18 ST. JOHN'S WORT 19 VALERIAN 20 OTHER ( SPECIFY)_____________________ Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

15 Alcohol ( update)

The next few questions are about alcohol consumption. A " drink" is a can or bottle of beer, a glass of wine or a wine cooler, a shot of liquor, or a mixed drink with liquor in it. We are not asking about times when you only had a sip or two from a drink.

1. Since your last interview on [ FILL DATE], have you had any alcoholic drinks?

1 YES 2 NO

GO TO NEXT MODULE 2. Since your last interview on [ FILL DATE], how many alcoholic drinks did you have in an average week? Would you say

1 Less than 1 drink a week, 2 1 to 3 drinks a week, 3 4 to 6 drinks a week, 4 7 to 13 drinks a week, or 5 14 drinks or more a week?

3. Since your last interview on [ FILL DATE], how many times did you drink 5 alcoholic drinks or more in one sitting? Would you say

1 Never, 2 1 time, 3 2 or 3 times, 4 4 or 5 times, or 5 6 or more times?

{ END OF ALCOHOL MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

16 Tobacco ( update)

These next questions are about your use of tobacco products. This includes cigarettes, chewing tobacco, snuff, cigars, and pipe tobacco.

1. Since your last interview on [ FILL DATE], have you used snuff, dip, or chewing tobacco, even once?

1 YES 2 NO 2. Since your last interview, have you smoked a cigar or tobacco pipe, even once?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q3 2a. How often have you smoked cigars or tobacco pipes since your last interview?

_____ NUMBER OF TIMES ENTER UNIT 1 DAY 2 WEEK 3 MONTH [ IF SMOKER FROM PREVIOUS INTERVIEW, ASK Q3 Q4 ] [ IF NON SMOKER IN PREVIOUS INTERVIEW, SKIP TO Q5 ] 3. Do you still smoke cigarettes?

1 YES

SKIP TO Q6 2 NO 4. When did you stop smoking?

MM/ YYYY

SKIP TO Q7 5. In your last interview you reported that you were not smoking cigarettes. Are you currently smoking cigarettes now?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q7 6. How many cigarettes do you smoke on an average day now? Would you say

1 Less than 1 cigarette per day, 2 1 to 5 cigarettes, 3 6 to 10 cigarettes, 4 11 to 20 cigarettes, 5 21 to 40 cigarettes, or 6 41 cigarettes or more? Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

17 7. In your last interview on [ FILL DATE], you reported that there were [ FILL #] cigarette smokers who lived in your home not including yourself. Is this still correct?

1 YES

SKIP TO Q9 2 NO 8. Not including yourself, how many cigarette smokers live in your home now?

_____

9. About how many hours per day are you in the same room with someone who is smoking cigarettes, cigars, or tobacco pipes?

_____ Hours 999 Less than 1 hour a day { END OF TOBACCO MODULE} Female Preconception 3 ( Instrument # 8)

18 Acceptability ( To be administered at the end of the home visit)

This study will be able to answer health questions best if we are able to keep people involved in the study. To do this, we would like to get some feedback from you about the study overall and this visit today to help improve the study in the future.

1. Was participating in the visit today convenient for you?

1 YES

SKIP TO Q6 2 NO 2. Did you have to take time off from work to have this interview today?

1 YES 2 NO 3. Did you need to find childcare to have this interview today?

1 YES 2 NO 4. Were there any other major obstacles for you to have this interview today?

1 YES 2 NO

SKIP TO Q6 5. What were they? ( ENTER VERBATIM)

____________________________

6. Is there anything that you especially like about participating in this study? ( ENTER VERBATIM)

____________________________

7. Is there anything you especially dislike about participating in this study? ( ENTER VERBATIM)

____________________________

8. Finally, do you have any recommendations as to what we could do differently in the overall study or in these interviews? ( ENTER VERBATIM)

____________________________

{ END OF ACCEPTABILITY MODULE}


[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 162 (Tuesday, August 21, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42219-42223]
[FR Doc No: 2018-17448]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R03-OAR-2017-0601; FRL-9982-32--Region 3]

Air Plan Approval; Virginia; Regional Haze Plan and Visibility
for the 2010 Sulfur Dioxide and 2012 Fine Particulate Matter Standards

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is approving a state
implementation plan (SIP) revision submitted by the Commonwealth of
Virginia (the Commonwealth or Virginia) on July 16, 2015. This SIP
submittal changes Virginia's reliance on the Clean Air Interstate Rule
(CAIR) to reliance on the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) for
certain elements of Virginia's regional haze program. EPA is approving
the visibility portion of Virginia's infrastructure SIP submittals for
the 2010 sulfur dioxide (SO2) and 2012 fine particulate
matter (PM2.5) national ambient air quality standards
(NAAQS) and approving element (J) for visibility of Virginia's
infrastructure SIP submittal for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS. EPA is
also converting the Agency's prior limited approval/limited disapproval
of Virginia's regional haze program to a full approval and withdrawing
the federal implementation plan (FIP) provisions addressing our prior
limited disapproval. This action is being taken under the Clean Air Act
(CAA).

DATES: This final rule is effective on September 20, 2018.

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under Docket ID

Number EPA-R03-OAR-2017-0601. All documents in the docket are listed on
the http://www.regulations.gov website. Although listed in the index,
some information is not publicly available, e.g., confidential business
information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted material, is
not placed on the internet and will be publicly available only in hard
copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available through
http://www.regulations.gov, or please contact the person identified in
the For Further Information Contact section for additional availability
information.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ellen Schmitt,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or by
email at [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On July 16, 2015, the Virginia Department of
Environmental Quality (VA DEQ) submitted a revision to its SIP to
update the Commonwealth's regional haze plan and to meet the visibility
requirements in section 110(a)(2)(D) of the CAA for the 2010
SO2 and 2012 PM2.5 NAAQS.

I. Background

    On March 1, 2018 (83 FR 8814), EPA published a notice of proposed
rulemaking (NPR) addressing SIP revisions from the Commonwealth. In the
NPR, EPA proposed to take the following actions: (1) To approve
Virginia's July 16, 2015 SIP submission that changed Virginia's
reliance on CAIR to reliance on CSAPR for certain elements of
Virginia's regional haze program; (2) to convert EPA's limited
approval/limited disapproval \1\ of Virginia's regional haze program to
a full approval; and (3) to approve portions of Virginia's June 18,
2014 infrastructure SIP submission for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS
and its July 16, 2015 infrastructure SIP submission for the 2012
PM2.5 NAAQS addressing the visibility provisions of section
110(a)(2)(D)(i) of the CAA. EPA subsequently published a second,
supplemental NPR proposing to remove the FIP for the Commonwealth that
addressed the issues associated with the Agency's prior limited
disapproval. 83 FR 20002 (March 1, 2018). The supplemental NPR also
proposed approval of the provisions in Virginia's June 18, 2014
infrastructure SIP submittal for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS
addressing the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(J) of the CAA.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 77 FR 33642 (June 7, 2012).
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II. Summary of SIP Revision and EPA Analysis

    In order to correct the deficiencies identified in the June 7, 2012
limited disapproval of Virginia's regional haze program by EPA, the
Commonwealth submitted a SIP revision to the Agency on July 16, 2015 to
replace reliance on CAIR with reliance on CSAPR in its regional haze
SIP.\2\ Specifically, the July 16, 2015 SIP submittal changes the
Virginia regional haze program to specify that the Commonwealth is
relying on CSAPR in its regional haze SIP to meet the best available
retrofit technology (BART) for certain electric generating units (EGUs)
and reasonable progress requirements to support visibility improvement
progress goals for Virginia's Class I areas, Shenandoah National Park
and the James River Wilderness Area.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Virginia was included in the CSAPR federal trading programs
on August 8, 2011. 76 FR 48208.
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    As did EPA's partial regional haze FIP for Virginia, the
Commonwealth's July 16, 2015 regional haze SIP revision relies on CSAPR
to address the deficiencies identified in EPA's June 2012 limited
disapproval of Virginia's regional haze SIP. As discussed in the NPR in
greater detail, EPA finds that this revision satisfies Virginia's BART
requirements for its EGUs and reasonable progress requirements and
therefore allows for a fully approvable regional haze program. With
today's final approval, the Commonwealth has a SIP in place to address
all of its regional haze requirements. EPA finds that Virginia's
reliance in its SIP upon CSAPR for certain BART and reasonable progress
requirements is in accordance with the CAA and regional haze rule
requirements (including 40 CFR 51.308(e)(2)), as EPA has recently
affirmed that CSAPR remains an appropriate alternative to source-
specific BART controls for EGUs participating in CSAPR.\3\ Because the
deficiencies in Virginia's regional haze SIP associated with the
Commonwealth's reliance on CAIR that were identified in EPA's prior
limited disapproval are addressed through the Commonwealth's revised
SIP, the Agency is now fully approving Virginia's regional haze SIP.
Additionally, EPA finds that the prong 4 portions of Virginia's
infrastructure SIP submittals for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS and the
2012 PM2.5 NAAQS are fully approvable as Virginia now has a
fully approved regional haze SIP.\4\
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    \3\ See 82 FR 45481 (September 29, 2017) (affirming the validity
to EPA's determination that participation in CSAPR satisfies the
criteria for an alternative to BART following changes to the
program.)
    \4\ Virginia's 2010 SO2 NAAQS and 2012
PM2.5 NAAQS infrastructure SIP submissions relied on the
Commonwealth having a fully approved regional haze program to
satisfy its prong 4 requirements. However, at the time of both
infrastructure SIP submittals, Virginia did not have a fully
approved regional haze program as the Agency had issued a limited
disapproval of the Commonwealth's regional haze plan on June 7,
2012, due to its reliance on CAIR.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The specific details of Virginia's July 16, 2015 SIP revision and
the rationale for EPA's approval are discussed in the NPR \5\ and
supplemental NPR \6\ and will not be restated here. Thirteen public
comments were submitted to the docket identified in EPA's proposed
actions; however, none of the comments were specific to the rulemaking
and thus are not addressed here.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ 83 FR 8814 (March 1, 2018).
    \6\ 83 FR 20002 (May 7, 2018).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Final Action

    EPA is taking the following actions: (1) Approving Virginia's July
16, 2015 SIP submission that changed Virginia's reliance on CAIR to
reliance on CSAPR for certain elements of Virginia's regional haze
program; (2) converting EPA's limited approval/limited disapproval of
Virginia's regional haze program to a full approval; (3) withdrawing
the FIP provisions that address the limited disapproval of Virginia's
regional haze program; (4) approving the portions of Virginia's June
18, 2014 infrastructure SIP submission for the 2010 SO2
NAAQS and its July 16, 2015 infrastructure SIP submission for the 2012
PM2.5 NAAQS addressing the visibility provisions of CAA
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i); (5) and approving the portion of Virginia's
June 18, 2014 infrastructure SIP for the 2010 SO2 NAAQS
addressing CAA section 110(a)(2)(J).

IV. General Information Pertaining to SIP Submittals From the
Commonwealth of Virginia

    In 1995, Virginia adopted legislation that provides, subject to
certain conditions, for an environmental assessment (audit)
``privilege'' for voluntary compliance evaluations performed by a
regulated entity. The legislation further addresses the relative burden
of proof for parties either asserting the privilege or seeking
disclosure of documents for which the privilege is claimed. Virginia's
legislation also provides, subject to certain conditions, for a penalty
waiver for violations of environmental laws when a regulated entity
discovers such violations pursuant to a voluntary compliance evaluation
and voluntarily

discloses such violations to the Commonwealth and takes prompt and
appropriate measures to remedy the violations. Virginia's Voluntary
Environmental Assessment Privilege Law, Va. Code Sec. 10.1-1198,
provides a privilege that protects from disclosure documents and
information about the content of those documents that are the product
of a voluntary environmental assessment. The Privilege Law does not
extend to documents or information that: (1) Are generated or developed
before the commencement of a voluntary environmental assessment; (2)
are prepared independently of the assessment process; (3) demonstrate a
clear, imminent and substantial danger to the public health or
environment; or (4) are required by law.
    On January 12, 1998, the Commonwealth of Virginia Office of the
Attorney General provided a legal opinion that states that the
Privilege law, Va. Code Sec. 10.1-1198, precludes granting a privilege
to documents and information ``required by law,'' including documents
and information ``required by federal law to maintain program
delegation, authorization or approval,'' since Virginia must ``enforce
federally authorized environmental programs in a manner that is no less
stringent than their federal counterparts. . . .'' The opinion
concludes that ``[r]egarding Sec.  10.1-1198, therefore, documents or
other information needed for civil or criminal enforcement under one of
these programs could not be privileged because such documents and
information are essential to pursuing enforcement in a manner required
by federal law to maintain program delegation, authorization or
approval.''
    Virginia's Immunity law, Va. Code Sec. 10.1-1199, provides that
``[t]o the extent consistent with requirements imposed by federal
law,'' any person making a voluntary disclosure of information to a
state agency regarding a violation of an environmental statute,
regulation, permit, or administrative order is granted immunity from
administrative or civil penalty. The Attorney General's January 12,
1998 opinion states that the quoted language renders this statute
inapplicable to enforcement of any federally authorized programs, since
``no immunity could be afforded from administrative, civil, or criminal
penalties because granting such immunity would not be consistent with
federal law, which is one of the criteria for immunity.''
    Therefore, EPA has determined that Virginia's Privilege and
Immunity statutes will not preclude the Commonwealth from enforcing its
program consistent with the federal requirements. In any event, because
EPA has also determined that a state audit privilege and immunity law
can affect only state enforcement and cannot have any impact on federal
enforcement authorities, EPA may at any time invoke its authority under
the CAA, including, for example, sections 113, 167, 205, 211 or 213, to
enforce the requirements or prohibitions of the state plan,
independently of any state enforcement effort. In addition, citizen
enforcement under section 304 of the CAA is likewise unaffected by
this, or any, state audit privilege or immunity law.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563: Regulatory Planning and Review

    This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the
terms of Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and is
therefore not subject to review under Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
(76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011).

B. Executive Order 13771: Reducing Regulations and Controlling
Regulatory Costs

    This action is not an Executive Order 13771 regulatory action
because this action is not significant under Executive Order 12866.

C. Paperwork Reduction Act

    This action does not impose an information collection burden under
the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.

D. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. This
action will not impose any requirements on small entities because small
entities are not subject to the requirements of this rule. 83 FR 8814
(March 1, 2018) and 83 FR 20002 (May 7, 2018).

E. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. This action does not impose additional requirements
beyond those imposed by state law. Accordingly, no additional costs to
state, local, or tribal governments, or to the private sector, will
result from this action.

F. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

G. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have tribal implications, as specified in
Executive Order 13175. It will not have substantial direct effects on
tribal governments. There are no Indian reservation lands in Virginia.
Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this rule.

H. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks
that EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect children,
per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in section 2-202 of
the Executive Order. This action is not subject to Executive Order
13045 because it does not concern an environmental health risk or
safety risk.

I. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355
(May 22, 2001)), because it is not a significant regulatory action
under Executive Order 12866.

J. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act

    This rulemaking does not involve technical standards. Therefore,
EPA is not considering the use of any voluntary consensus standards.

K. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    EPA believes that this action does not have disproportionately high
and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority
populations, low-income populations, and/or indigenous peoples, as
specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).

L. Determination Under Section 307(d)

    Pursuant to CAA section 307(d)(1)(B), this action is subject to the
requirements

of CAA section 307(d), as it revises a FIP under CAA section 110(c).

M. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule,
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C.
804(2).

N. Judicial Review

    Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review
of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for
the appropriate circuit by October 22, 2018. Filing a petition for
reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect
the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor
does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may
be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or
action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings to
enforce its requirements. See CAA section 307(b)(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Nitrogen dioxide, Particulate
matter, Regional haze, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur
oxides, Visibility.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: August 8, 2018.
Andrew R. Wheeler,
Acting Administrator.

    40 CFR part 52 is amended as follows:

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart VV--Virginia

0
2. Section 52.2420 is amended by revising the entries for ``Regional
Haze Plan'', ``Section 110(a)(2) Infrastructure Requirements for the
2010 Sulfur Dioxide NAAQS'', and ``Section 110(a)(2) Infrastructure
Requirements for the 2012 Particulate Matter NAAQS'' in the table in
paragraph (e)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  52.2420  Identification of plan.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) * * *

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           State
 Name of non-regulatory SIP revision    Applicable  geographic  area     submittal                EPA approval  date             Additional  explanation
                                                                           date
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Regional Haze Plan...................  Statewide....................         7/16/15  8/21/18, [Insert Federal Register          Full Approval.
                                                                                citation].                                See Sec.  Sec.
                                                                                52.2452(g).

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Section 110(a)(2) Infrastructure       Statewide....................         6/18/14  3/4/15, 80 FR 11557......................  Docket #2014-0522. This
 Requirements for the 2010 Sulfur                                                                                action addresses the
 Dioxide NAAQS.                                                                                following CAA
                                                                                elements, or portions
                                                                                thereof: 110(a)(2)
                                                                                (A), (B), (C),
                                                                                (D)(i)(II) (PSD),
                                                                                (D)(ii), (E)(i),
                                                                                (E)(iii), (F), (G),
                                                                                (H), (J)
                                                                                (consultation,
                                                                                notification, and
                                                                                PSD), (K), (L), and
                                                                                (M).
                                                                            12/22/14  4/2/15, 80 FR 17695......................  Docket #2015-0040.
                                                                                Addresses CAA element
                                                                                110(a)(2)(E)(ii).
                                                                             7/16/15  8/21/18, [Insert Federal Register          Docket #2017-0601. This
                                                                                citation].                                 action addresses the
                                                                                following CAA
                                                                                elements:
                                                                                110(a)(2)(D)(I)(II)
                                                                                for visibility and
                                                                                110(a)(2)(J) for
                                                                                visibility.

                                                                      * * * * * * *
Section 110(a)(2) Infrastructure       Statewide....................         7/16/15  6/16/16, 81 FR 39210.....................  Docket #2015-0838. This
 Requirements for the 2012                                                                                action addresses the
 Particulate Matter NAAQS.                                                                                following CAA
                                                                                elements, or portions
                                                                                thereof: 110(a)(2)(A),
                                                                                (B), (C), (D)(i)(II)
                                                                                (PSD), (D)(ii), (E),
                                                                                (F), (G), (H), (J),
                                                                                (K), (L), and (M).
                                                                             7/16/15  8/21/18, [Insert Federal Register          Docket #2017-0601. This
                                                                                citation].                                 action addresses the
                                                                                following CAA element:
                                                                                110(a)(2)(D)(I)(II)
                                                                                for visibility.

                                                                      * * * * * * *
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

0
3. Section 52.2452 is amended by removing and reserving paragraphs (d),
(e), and (f) and by adding paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  52.2452  Visibility protection.

* * * * *
    (g) EPA converts its limited approval/limited disapproval of
Virginia's regional haze program to a full approval. This SIP revision
changes Virginia's reliance from the Clean Air Interstate Rule to the
Cross-State Air Pollution Rule to meet the regional haze SIP best
available retrofit technology

requirements for certain sources and to meet reasonable progress
requirements.

[FR Doc. 2018-17448 Filed 8-20-18; 8:45 am]
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