* Note: Solvents Applied to Industrial Wipes Represents a Small Fraction of Cleaning/ Degreasing. Solvents Used for Industrial Cleaning/ Degreasing, Compared to Other Industrial Solvent Uses ( 1997 US Proportions) ( Based on 1997 data representing 6.3 million tons ( 1.62 billion gallons) industrial solvent consumption) Pie Chart Summary of Previous Spreadsheet 127 Pie Chart Summary of Previous Spreadsheet 128 Attachment Set D Price Elasticity of Demand for Industrial Wipes: Results of Meta Analysis 129 Price Elasticity of Demand for Industrial Wipes: Meta Analysis of Internet Published Economic Studies to Collect and Analyze Empirical Data on Own and Cross Price Elasticities of Demand A. Meta Analysis Study Overview:

! Background: As presented in a prior section in this document, OSW EMRAD computed an indicator to use as the own price elasticity for reusable wipes, based on US historical annual data ( 1978 1993) on pounds and revenue of all items laundered at industrial laundries. However, we did not obtain comparable disposable wipes market data for developing a cross price elasticity indicator. Consequently, conducted a meta analysis study of price elasticity data published in other economic studies, because the " partial equilibrium" market model descriped and applied elsewhere in this document requires estimates of both " own" and " cross" price elasticities as inputs into the mathematical modeling of potential " induced impacts" of the rule on the US national market for reusable and disposable wipes.

! Meta analysis: A research technique which involves collecting and analyzing information or data on a single research topic or parameter of interest ( e. g. data variable or numerical factor) from a sample of published sources. Meta analysis is a type of comparative analysis method by which the data, information or results of different studies or cases may be compared. This technique is relatively widely applied in the fields of medicine, sociology, and psychology, but less wide spread in the field of economics research. For a historical overview and " pros" and " cons" of meta analysis as applied in economics research, see http:// www. cpb. nl/ eng/ cpbreport/ 2002_ 2/ s4_ 1. pdf. Three recent publications ( 1998 2000) also provide information about this research technique applied within the field of environmental economics: J. van den Bergh, K. Button, P. Nijkamp, G. Pepping, Meta Analysis in Environmental Economics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998; K. Button, S. M. Jongma, & J. Kerr, " Meta Analysis Approaches and Applied Microeconomics," International Journal of Development Planning Literature, Vol. 14, Nr. 1, 1999, pp. 73 103; and R. Florax, P. Nijkamp, K. Willis ( eds.), Meta Analysis and Research Synthesis in Environmental Policy, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2000.

! Objective: To search the internet for published economic studies containing empirical data on both own and cross price elasticities of demand: ! Own price elasticity : Equal to the percentage change in the demand for product 1, divided by the percentage change in the price of product 1. For example, an own price elasticity of  0.5 for product 1 implies that the demand for product 1 decreases by 0.5% for every + 1% increase in its own price. 130 ! Cross price elasticity: Equal to the percentage change in the demand for product 1, divided by the percentage change in the price of product 2. For example, a cross price elasticity of + 0.5 for product 1 implies that the demand for product 1 increases by 0.5% for every + 1% increase in the price of product 2 ( products with cross price elasticities > 0 are " substitutes", products with < 0 are " complements", and products = 0 are " unrelated").

! Purpose: In absence of actual market research on the relative price/ quantity or price elasticity data for the US industrial wipes market, the purpose of this internet search was to derive an empirically based, demand elasticity factor to apply in this " Economics Background Document", for purpose of modelling induced impacts on the industrial wipes market resulting from changes in the relative price of " disposable" and " reusable" industrial wipes, caused by differential direct impacts of the proposed rule on these two industrial wipes categories.

B. Meta Analysis Study Scope:

! The scope of this search was not limited to industrial wipes, because did not locate any internet published economic studies containing demand elasticity data for either reusable or disposable industrial wipes.

! Consequently, collected demand elasticity data from a variety of product market studies.

! Conducted the internet search in June 2001, using the following internet browser search terms to locate potentially relevant studies: " own" " cross" " price" " elasticity" " demand"

C. Internet Search Findings for Price Elasticity Data:

! The internet search produced a " hit list" of over 17,000 weblinks. Scrolled through the first 2,000 to 4,000 of the weblinks on the hit list to search for studies that appeared to contain relevant data, based on the brief internet browser descriptions for each weblink.

! Skipped over many weblinks from this search, such as those which appeared to provide only definitions of own and cross elasticities ( e. g. university course weblinks), rather than actual empirical data ( paired data) from specific product markets.

! Only collected data if own elasticity was < 0 ( represents a " normal" good), and the associated cross elasticity was > 0 ( served to restrict 131 the data collection only to product " substitutes"   as reusable and disposable wipes are to some degree  rather than " complementary" products).

! Did not attempt to differentiate between " short term" and " long term" elasticity data.

! Discontinued searching the hit list after encountering repeated occurrences of studies involving product markets matching prior weblinks.

! This elasticity data collection approach represents a type of " non probability" sampling method, which limits the validity of attempting to generalize ( apply) the findings to other products/ markets such as industrial wipes. This internet study represents a relative low cost and fast method for operationalizing a parameter in absence of other specific data. Application of an uncertainty range to the value assigned this parameter, as described below, serves to acknowledge this explicit limitation.

D. Results of Price Elasticity Data Collection & Meta Analysis:

! Compared data from 17 studies ( a following page in this document presents a bibliography).

! Data comparison made by computing the ratios of the numerical values ( absolute values) of own price to cross price elasticities for each data pair.

! Because of the ranges in elasticity values and skewed distributions in elasticity ratios, median values used as central tendency indicators for this study.

! Data collected for 460 sets of own and cross price elasticity data pairs: ! Own price elasticities ( negative) findings:  0.049 to  12.62 ( median =  2.5) ! Cross price elasticities ( positive) findings: + 0.0001 to + 2.011 ( median = + 0.057) ! Paired data elasticity ratios ( absolute value own: to: cross x 100) findings: 0.001% to 95.72% ( median = 2.1%)

! Data represent seven economic sectors: food & beverages, services, transportation, manufacturing operations, chemical products, energy, agriculture.

! Data represent 26 products/ markets: paints ( solvent borne, water borne), pesticides, breakfast cereals, postal cards, grocery milk ( whole/ skim), grocery fruit, school tuition ( public/ private), beverages, automobiles, building energy ( fuel, natural gas, electricity, coal), animal husbandry, telephones, telecommunications service providers, personal computers ( desktop/ laptop). Data pairs in each 132 product/ market grouping ranged from one to 72 data pairs; the median values of the 26 grouped data pairs are:

! Paired data elasticity ratios ( absolute value own: to: cross x 100) findings: 0.3% to 95.3% ( median = 26.4%)

! Values assigned in the industrial wipes economic analysis for simulating possible induced market effects:

! Most likely value: To reduce redundancy over weighting of products in the data sample, applied the 26% median value based on the product grouping aggregation, as the " most likely" empirical value in this " Economics Background Document".

! Upper bound value: The most likely value also constituted the " upper bound" value in the sensitivity analysis for this parameter, because values > 26% would represent easier substitution between reusable and disposable wipes, which is reportedly not the case because of wipes performance characteristics preferences by most industrial users ( e. g. wipes durability, wipes lint, wipes absorbency).

! Lower bound value: Applied 11% as the " lower bound" value to represent more restricted wipes substitution scenario, derived from two standard deviations* below the median ( 26.4%  ( 2 x 7.4%) = 11%). [* According to the statistical " Empirical Rule" of mound shaped ( approximately symmetric) frequency distributions, about 95% of the measurements within a range will fall within +/ two standard deviations of the mean.] 133 Price Elasticity Summary by Commodity Groups ( median values, n = 36 datapoints) 134 Price Elasticity Summary for All Data Collected in Study ( n = 420 datapoints) 135 Findings of USEPA OSW June 2001 Internet Search for Economic Studies Containing Both Own and Cross Price Elasticity Data ( Results of a Non Probability Purposive Sampling Approach)

1. " Appendix A: Market Definition, Demand Estimation, and Data" in Economic Impact and Regulatory Flexibility Analyses of the Final Architectual Coatings VOC Rule". EPA 452/ R 98 002, Office Air Quality Planning and Standards, July 1998, http:// www. epa. gov/ ttn/ uatw/ 183e/ aim/ appa. pdf 2. " Committee on Commodity Problems Sub Group on Tropical Fruits", Pattaya, Thailand, May 1998, http:// www. fao. org/ UNFAO/ Bodies/ ccp/ sgtf/ 98/ TF98 3E. HTM 3. " Response of United States Postal Service Witness Tolley to Interrogatories of the Newspaper Association of America", Docket Section, Postal Rate and Fee Changes, 1997, 24pp., http:// www. prc. gov/ docs/ 5/ 5099/ rsp naa usps t6. pdf 4. Agbola, Frank Wogbe, " The Structure of Production and Investment in Australia's Pastoral Zone", January 2001, http:// www. curtin. edu. au/ curtin/ muresk/ publications/ invest. htm 5. Agne, Stefan, " The Impact of Pesticide Taxation on Pesticide Use and Income in Costa Rica's Coffee Production", March 2000, 241 pp., http:// www. ifgb. uni hannover. de/ institut/ projekte/ gtz/ ppp_ s02. pdf 6. Glick Peter and Sahn David, " The Demand for Primary Schooling in Rural Madagascar: Price, Quality, and the Choice Between Public and Private Providers", Cornell University Food and Nutrition Policy Program, September 2000, 47 pp., http:// mango. human. cornell. edu/ cfnpp/ images/ wp113. pdf 7. Gould, Brian W., " Factors Affecting U. S. Demand for Reduced Fat Milk", University of Wisconsin Madison, October 1995, 30 pp., http:// www. aae. wisc. edu/ www/ pub/ sps/ stpap386. pdf 8. Irwin, Douglas and Nina Pavcnik, " Airbus versus Boeing Revisited: International Competition in the Aircraft Market", May 2001, 37pp., http:// www. dartmouth. edu/~ npavcnik/ Research_ files/ airbus. pdf 9. Larivière Éric, Larue Bruno, and Chalfant James, " Modeling the Demand for Alcoholic Beverages and Advertising Specifications", Universite Laval, April 1998, 37 pp., http:// alpha. eru. ulaval. ca/ crea/ PUBLICATIONS/ larue/ SR 98 02. PDF 136 10. Martin, Will, " Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions through Joint Implementation of Projects", Development Research Group, World Bank, April 1998, 26 pp., http:// econ. worldbank. org/ docs/ 1113. pdf.

11. Nevo, Aviv, " Mergers With Differentiated Products: The Case of the Ready To Eat Cereal Industry", University of California, Berkeley, November 1997, 59 pp., http:// www. haas. berkeley. edu/ groups/ cpc/ WPs/ 99 2. pdf 12. Patterson Paul and Richards Timothy, " Print Advertisement Characteristics and Apple Variety Attraction: A MIMIC Model Approach", Arizona State University, April 1998, 33 pp., http:// www. east. asu. edu/ msabr/ research/ workingpapers/ msabr9803_ print. pdf 13. Ramaswamy K. V., R. R Vaidya , M. J. Bennis and J. G. M. Hoogeveen, " Input Substitution in the Indian Paper Industry: a Variable Cost Function Approach", CREED Working Paper No 7, July 1996, 25 pp., http:// www. iied. org/ pdf/ creed07e. pdf 14. Slade, Margaret E., " Assessing Market Power in UK Brewing", Journal of Economic Literature, March 2001, 53pp., http:// www. arts. ubc. ca/ econ/ discpapers/ DP0104. PDF 15. Stavrev, Emil and Gueorgui Kambourov, " Share Equations versus Double Logarithmic Functions in the Estimation of Income, Own and Cross Price Elasticities: An Application for Bulgaria", Transition Economics Series, March 1999, 19 pp, http:// www. ihs. ac. at/ publications/ tec/ te 7. pdf 16. Viard, B., N. Polson, A. Gron, " Solving for Market Equilibrium Using Random Coefficient Random Utility Models", May 2000, 38 pp., http:// faculty gsb. stanford. edu/ viard/ personal/ PDF/ equil. pdf 17. Wade, Steven H., " Price Responsiveness in the NEMS Buildings Sector Model", Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, http:// www. eia. doe. gov/ oiaf/ issues/ pricetbl1. html 137 Attachment Set E Direct Impact Elements 138 Impact Element 1 Private Sector Labor Wage Rates ( Year 2001 US national averages) Derivation of Benefits and Overhead Loaded Wage Rates Item Occupational Category BLS Standard Occupational Code A B C D ( AxBxC) E F ( D x E) 1999 median non loaded wage rate ($/ hour) Total benefits* multiplier Benefitted wage rate overhead** multiplier 1999 Loaded wage rate ($/ hour) Year 2001 update multiplier 2001 Loaded wage rate ($/ hour) 1 Clerical ( general office) 43 9061 $ 9.77 1.354 1.219 $ 16.12 1.119 $ 18.05 2 Technical ( production industries) 51 9061 $ 11.68 1.354 1.219 $ 19.28 1.119 $ 21.58 3 Managerial ( production industries) 51 1011 $ 18.61 1.354 1.219 $ 30.71 1.119 $ 34.38 4 Legal ( lawyers) 23 1011 $ 42.81 1.354 1.219 $ 70.65 1.119 $ 79.09 5 Janitors & cleaners ( except maids/ housecleaners) 37 2011 $ 7.90 1.435 1.219 $ 13.82 1.119 $ 15.47 Explanatory Notes: ( a) * Total benefits as defined/ measured in the BLS " Employment Cost" database include: ( 1) Paid leave ( vcation, holiday, sick, other) ( 2) Supplemental pay ( premium, shift differentials, non production bonuses) ( 3) Insurance ( life, health, short term disability, long term disability) ( 4) Retirement & savings ( defined benefit, defined contribution) ( 5) Legally required benefits ( social security, OASDI, medicare, Federal & state unemployment insurance, worker's compensation) ( 6) Other benefits ( b) ** Overhead: proportionate share of management and office support costs ( e. g. office rent, office equipment, office utilities).

( c) Data sources:

Column A: 1999 non loaded wage rates: US Dept of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ( http:// www. bls. gov/ oes/ 1999/) Column B: Benefits multiplier: US Dept of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ( http:// www. bls. gov/ news. release/ ecec. t06htm). Items 1 to 4: based on private industry white collar workers ( national average). Item 5: based on private industry blue collar workers ( national average). Column C: Average of three case studies ( 4 cases) provided in two US EPA full cost accounting reports for solid/ hazardous waste management: Case data elements ( dept annual totals all labor) Case A1 Case A2 Case B Case C Average Base labor wages/ salaries $ 843,046 $ 843,046 $ 3,038,226 Labor benefits $ 291,467 $ 291,467 $ 1,481,576 Benefits loaded wages $ 1,134,513 $ 1,134,513 $ 11,964,368 $ 4,519,802 Implied benefits multiplier ( relative to base wages) = 1.346 1.346 1.488 1.393 Administrative ( office) overhead $ 598,279 $ 257,998 $ 1,029,220 $ 157,223 Total loaded wages $ 1,732,792 $ 1,392,511 $ 12,993,588 $ 4,677,025 Implied overhead multiplier ( relative to base wages) = 1.710 1.306 1.052 1.356 Implied overhead multiplier ( relative to benefit load wage) 1.527 1.227 1.086 1.035 1.219 Implied composite multiplier ( benefits + overhead) = 2.055 1.652 1.539 1.749 Case A: USEPA, " Full Cost Accounting in Action: Case Studies of Six Solid Waste Management Activities", EPA 530 R 98 018, Dec 1998, p. 13. Case A1 represents inclusion of the full set of 24 administrative operating cost items listed in the Case A study ( e. g. as may be representative of white collar overhead associated with RCRA LQG regulatory burden, or with large company white collar occupations). Case A2 represents a subset of 13 cost items from Case A ( i. e. excluding business travel, motor pool, dues/ memberships, subscriptions, and overhead cost from other depts); Case A2 may be representative of white collar overhead associated with RCRA SQG regulatory burden or with small company white collar occupations, or representative of overhead associated with blue collar occupations. Case B: ibid, Table 10, page 34. Case C: USEPA, " Full Cost Accounting for Municipal Solid Waste Management: A Handbook", EPA 530 R 95 041, Sept 1997, Exhibit 4 6, page 40. Column E: " Employment Cost Index" for private industry, US Dept of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ( http:// www. bls. gov/ news. release/ eci. nr0. htm): June 1999 June 2000 June 2001 12 month % change in private industry wages & salaries = 3.6% 4.1% 3.8% 1.119 < Implied 1999 to 2001 multiplier 139 Impact Element 1 ( continued)

READ & DISSEMINATE FINAL RULE AFTER PROMULGATION: UNIT COST ASSUMPTIONS* Item Computation Element SQG LQG A. ALL INDUSTRIAL WIPES USERS: read rule or read summary of rule** 1 Avg number persons per facility who intially read rule**> 1 3 2 Average hours per person to access and read initially> 0.25 0.25 3 Avg hourly wage ( manager or legal or technical staff)> $ 45 $ 45 4 Per facility cost initially to read rule ( items 1x2x3)> $ 11 $ 34 B. ONLY SOLVENT INDUSTRIAL WIPES USERS: disseminate rule requirements 5 Avg nr. persons per facility who disseminate eligibility requirements> 1 3 6 Average hours per person to disseminate eligibility requirements> 0.5 0.5 7 Avg hourly wage ( manager or legal or technical staff)> $ 45 $ 45 8 Per facility cost initially to read rule ( items 5x6x7)> $ 23 $ 68 Explanatory Notes: ( a) * Assumptions in this table based on judgement by OSW staff. ( b) ** Or otherwise read a second hand sysnopsis of the rule ( e. g. trade journal newsletter article). ( c) NA= CESQGs are exempt from RCRA regulations ( and the proposed rule). 140 Impact Element 1 ( continued)

READ & DISSEMINATE RULE: ESTIMATE OF NATIONAL COST Item Sub sector B. ONLY SOLVENT INDUSTRIAL WIPES USERS & HANDLERS: B1. Facilities Using Solvent Wipes: B2. One Time Cost to Facilities: NA $ 23 $ 68 < Unit costs CESQGs SQGs LQGs Totals CESQGs SQGs LQGs Totals DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing NA 2,970 41 3,012 NA $ 66,862 $ 2,801 $ 69,663 2 Chemical & Allied Products NA 444 60 504 NA $ 9,996 $ 4,066 $ 14,062 3 Plastics & Rubber NA 570 45 615 NA $ 12,823 $ 3,043 $ 15,865 4 Fabricated Metal Products NA 2,146 94 2,240 NA $ 48,310 $ 6,346 $ 54,656 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt NA 1,066 21 1,086 NA $ 23,989 $ 1,393 $ 25,382 6 Electronics & Computers NA 197 46 243 NA $ 4,430 $ 3,133 $ 7,563 7 Transportation Eqpt NA 422 68 489 NA $ 9,492 $ 4,564 $ 14,056 8 Furniture & Fixtures NA 721 15 736 NA $ 16,223 $ 1,038 $ 17,261 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) NA 1,678 100 1,778 NA $ 37,769 $ 6,728 $ 44,498 10 Publishing ( printed matter) NA 1,506 24 1,530 NA $ 33,897 $ 1,653 $ 35,550 11 Business services ( copy shops) NA 398 8 406 NA $ 8,949 $ 545 $ 9,494 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance NA 5,766 4 5,770 NA $ 129,776 $ 280 $ 130,056 13 Military Bases NA 17 7 24 NA $ 383 $ 450 $ 833 Subtotals = NA 17,899 534 18,433 NA $ 402,901 $ 36,039 $ 438,940 Annualized cost = $ 58,407 REUSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing NA 39,355 550 39,904 NA $ 885,833 $ 37,108 $ 922,941 2 Chemical & Allied Products NA 5,883 798 6,681 NA $ 132,430 $ 53,872 $ 186,302 3 Plastics & Rubber NA 7,547 597 8,144 NA $ 169,883 $ 40,310 $ 210,193 4 Fabricated Metal Products NA 28,435 1,245 29,680 NA $ 640,039 $ 84,073 $ 724,113 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt NA 14,120 273 14,393 NA $ 317,822 $ 18,460 $ 336,282 6 Electronics & Computers NA 2,608 615 3,222 NA $ 58,696 $ 41,503 $ 100,199 7 Transportation Eqpt NA 5,587 895 6,482 NA $ 125,754 $ 60,465 $ 186,219 8 Furniture & Fixtures NA 9,549 204 9,752 NA $ 214,934 $ 13,751 $ 228,684 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) NA 22,231 1,320 23,551 NA $ 500,391 $ 89,142 $ 589,534 10 Publishing ( printed matter) NA 19,951 324 20,276 NA $ 449,086 $ 21,897 $ 470,983 11 Business Services ( copy shops) NA 5,267 107 5,374 NA $ 118,566 $ 7,215 $ 125,782 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance NA 76,385 55 76,440 NA $ 1,719,354 $ 3,704 $ 1,723,058 13 Military Bases NA 225 88 314 NA $ 5,075 $ 5,965 $ 11,040 Subtotals = NA 237,143 7,071 244,214 NA $ 5,337,865 $ 477,465 $ 5,815,330 Annualized cost = $ 773,806 INDUSTRIAL WIPES HANDLERS: AAE cost 1 Industrial Wipes Manufacturers 0 $ 0 $ 0 2 Reusable Industrial Wipes Laundries 1,175 $ 3,519 $ 26,448 3 Solid Waste Management Units Haz waste + MSW landfills + combustors only> 4,266 $ 12,777 $ 96,024 Subtotals = 5,441 $ 122,472 Annualized cost = $ 16,296 141 Impact Element 1B COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ANNUAL SURVEY BY INDUSTRIAL LAUNDRIES OF CUSTOMERS TO DETERMINE RCRA REGULATORY STATUS Item Computation Element Unit Cost* Unit Cost Metric Total A. CUSTOMER SURVEY LETTER MAIL OUT: 1 Nr affected industrial laundry facilities sending out survey ( in states adopting rule) 881 2 Nr customer survey letters required ( reusable wipes facility count CESQGs+ SQGs+ LQGs) 107,025 3 Cost for survey mobilization ( draft letter, access customer list) Managerial mobilization cost = $ 275 Per laundry $ 242,397 Support staff mobilization cost = $ 289 Per laundry $ 254,510 4 Cost to reproduce survey letters $ 0.15 Per letter $ 16,054 5 Cost for survey envelopes & two way postage $ 0.76 Per envelope $ 81,339 6 Cost to print/ apply address labels for survey envelopes $ 0.05 Per envelope $ 5,351 Subtotal ( items 2+ 3+ 4) = $ 102,744 B. PROCESS SURVEY INFORMATION: 7 Cost to enter customer response info into ledger or database $ 0.30 1 min./ letter $ 32,197 Total cost ( first year) = $ 734,592 Annualized cost** = $ 261,605 SUB SECTOR BREAK DOWN OF LAUNDRY CUSTOMER SURVEY COST Item Sub sector or Industry Facility count First year cost Annualized cost REUSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing 31,177 $ 213,991 $ 76,207 2 Chemical & Allied Products 1,907 $ 13,088 $ 4,661 3 Plastics & Rubber 2,438 $ 16,734 $ 5,959 4 Fabricated Metal Products 8,552 $ 58,699 $ 20,904 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 4,122 $ 28,292 $ 10,075 6 Electronics & Computers 956 $ 6,561 $ 2,336 7 Transportation Eqpt 1,955 $ 13,417 $ 4,778 8 Furniture & Fixtures 2,796 $ 19,192 $ 6,835 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 7,001 $ 48,056 $ 17,114 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 17,695 $ 121,456 $ 43,253 11 Business services ( copy shops) 4,803 $ 32,964 $ 11,739 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 23,537 $ 161,550 $ 57,532 13 Military Bases 86 $ 591 $ 211 Subtotals = 107,025 $ 734,592 $ 261,605 CUSTOMER RESPONSE TO SURVEY: Average time for customers to respond to survey letter ( minutes) = 10 Labor cost for customers to respond to survey letter ($/ hour) = $ 6 Total first year cost = $ 613,297 $ 218,409 Explanatory Notes: ( a) Managerial labor wage rate ($/ hour) for item 3 = $ 34 ( b) Clerical staff labor wage rate ($/ hour) for item 3 = $ 18 ( c) * Unit costs based on first approximation judgement by USEPA OSW EMRAD ( d) ** Customer re survey frequency = 3 142 Impact Elements 2 & 3 UNIT COSTS FOR SPENT WIPES CONTAINERS FOR ACCUMULATING & TRANSPORTING SOLVENT CONTAMINATED INDUSTRIAL WIPES Item Type of Equipment Price unit Year 2001 retail price Year 2001 delivered cost* Average lIfespan ( years) Year 2001 AAC** Website Sources for Retail Prices Website reference cost date A. UNIT COSTS FOR CLOSABLE TRANSPORT CONTAINERS: OPTION: FLEXIBLE TRANSPORT CONTAINERS ( plastic bags): Closeable containers: Heavy duty plastic flexible container ( 55 gallon 500 lbs): 1 Outer shell 1 bag $ 19.50 $ 22.32 1 $ 22.32 ENCO company quote to Jim O'Leary ( USEPA OSW HWID) March 2001 2 Inner liner 1 bag $ 0.31 $ 0.35 0.2 $ 1.73 Associated Bag Company catalog ( p. 50) May 2001 Subtotal = $ 19.81 $ 22.68 $ 24.05 3 Heavy duty clear trash bags ( 34 gals, 75lbs, 30% post cons) 1 bag $ 0.19 $ 0.22 1 $ 0.22 http:// www. 2kstore. com/ gragr/ jwod/ nsn2. htm March 2001 Container labels 4 Pre printed vinyl adhesive labels ( Note: Some bags may be pre printed not requiring label) 1 label $ 0.38 $ 0.43 1 $ 0.43 http:// www. labsafety. com ( non regulated waste label 3BG 484V) April 2003 OPTION: RIGID TRANSPORT CONTAINERS ( metal drums): Closeable containers:*** 1 55 gallon drum ( corrosion resistant, leak proof) 1 drum $ 79 $ 90 5 $ 20.61 http:// www. labsafety. com Feb 2001 2 15 gallon drum ( corrosion resistant, leak proof) 1 drum $ 48 $ 55 5 $ 12.53 http:// www. labsafety. com Feb 2001 Container labels 3 Pre printed vinyl adhesive labels 1 label $ 1.26 $ 1.44 5 $ 0.33 http:// www. labsafety. com/ store/ dept. asp? dep t_ id= 6019 Feb 2001 B. UNIT COSTS FOR ON SITE ACCUMULATION CONTAINER: Steel oily waste covered containers for solvent wipes: 1 21 gallon foot lever cover drum ( largest size) 1 drum $ 105 $ 120 7 $ 20.85 http:// www. labsafety. com April 2003 2 10 gallon foot lever cover drum ( smallest size) 1 drum $ 57 $ 65 7 $ 11.26 http:// www. labsafety. com April 2003 Explanatory Notes: ! * Delivered cost = [( Retail price) + ( 8% S& H cost) + ( 6% sales tax)] = Retail price multiplied by 1.145 ! *** One alternative type of rigid container is a plastic drum ($ 40 to $ 50/ drum); it is not listed above because its price falls between the other two types. 143 Impact Element 2 & 3 Accumulation & Transport Container Size & Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes Average Containment Capacity Assumptions Container size ( capacity): Gallons: 10 15 21 34 55 Cubic yards: 0.050 0.074 0.104 0.168 0.272 Maximum quantity spent solvent wipes per container: Reusables = 233 349 489 791 1,280 Disposables = 673 1,009 1,413 2,287 3,700 Weight of containers filled with spent solvent wipes ( pounds): Reusables = 29 44 61 99 160 Disposables = 36 55 76 124 200 Assumptions for Average Unit Weight ( Per Wipe) of Solvent Contaminated Industrial Wipes Type of Industrial Wipe Weight Equivalencies pounds per wipe ounces per wipe grams per wipe Reusable wipes 0.125 2.0 57.1 Disposable wipes 0.054 0.9 24.7 144 Impact Element 2 ( continued)

COST OF CLOSEABLE WIPES ACCUMULATION CONTAINERS Item Sub sector A. Annual Solvent Industrial Wipes Used: B. Factors C. Annual Add'tl Containers Filled D. Weekly Contrs Filled: E. Containers Needed ( first year):

F. First Year Cost for Containers: G. Annualized Avg Cost B. % must have containers C. % wipes w/ out containers 10 21 < Gal/ contr Operating weeks per year > 50 Transport cycle mutiplier > 2 505 1060 < Average spent wipes per container $ 57 $ 105 <$/ contnr $ 11.26 $ 20.85 <$/ contnr SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing 17,050,706 2,237,036 19,287,742 100% 50% 3,072 403 3,475 61 8 70 28,590 399 28,989 $ 1,621,035 $ 41,917 $ 1,662,952 $ 321,815 $ 8,322 $ 330,137 2 Chemical & Allied Products 3,688,283 1,534,228 5,222,511 100% 50% 665 276 941 13 6 19 1,524 212 1,735 $ 86,399 $ 22,229 $ 108,628 $ 17,152 $ 4,413 $ 21,565 3 Plastics & Rubber 5,046,501 1,223,989 6,270,490 100% 50% 909 221 1,130 18 4 23 2,050 166 2,216 $ 116,254 $ 17,447 $ 133,701 $ 23,079 $ 3,464 $ 26,543 4 Fabricated Metal Products 17,617,131 2,365,937 19,983,068 100% 50% 3,174 426 3,601 63 9 72 7,435 334 7,769 $ 421,582 $ 35,025 $ 456,607 $ 83,694 $ 6,953 $ 90,648 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 11,175,962 666,528 11,842,489 100% 50% 2,014 120 2,134 40 2 43 3,669 73 3,742 $ 208,060 $ 7,643 $ 215,703 $ 41,305 $ 1,517 $ 42,822 6 Electronics & Computers 4,057,776 2,944,176 7,001,952 100% 50% 731 530 1,262 15 11 25 702 170 872 $ 39,802 $ 17,800 $ 57,602 $ 7,902 $ 3,534 $ 11,435 7 Transportation Eqpt 3,437,833 1,691,823 5,129,656 100% 50% 619 305 924 12 6 18 1,529 251 1,780 $ 86,685 $ 26,362 $ 113,047 $ 17,209 $ 5,233 $ 22,443 8 Furniture & Fixtures 5,967,077 391,685 6,358,762 100% 50% 1,075 71 1,146 22 1 23 2,484 54 2,539 $ 140,871 $ 5,700 $ 146,571 $ 27,966 $ 1,132 $ 29,098 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 13,673,062 2,492,579 16,165,642 100% 50% 2,464 449 2,913 49 9 58 5,998 365 6,362 $ 340,059 $ 38,315 $ 378,375 $ 67,510 $ 7,607 $ 75,117 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 8,648,444 1,327,236 9,975,680 100% 50% 1,558 239 1,797 31 5 36 16,190 263 16,453 $ 917,988 $ 27,630 $ 945,618 $ 182,243 $ 5,485 $ 187,728 11 Business services ( copy shops) 2,245,659 432,263 2,677,922 100% 50% 405 78 483 8 2 10 4,377 89 4,466 $ 248,165 $ 9,322 $ 257,488 $ 49,267 $ 1,851 $ 51,118 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 46,973,682 102,352 47,076,034 100% 50% 8,464 18 8,482 169 0 170 21,344 16 21,360 $ 1,210,193 $ 1,649 $ 1,211,842 $ 240,253 $ 327 $ 240,581 13 Military Bases 154,957 188,643 343,601 100% 50% 28 34 62 1 1 1 56 23 79 $ 3,185 $ 2,368 $ 5,553 $ 632 $ 470 $ 1,102 Subtotal Printers 27,944,809 3,996,535 31,941,344 5,035 720 5,755 Subtotal Non Printers 111,792,264 13,601,941 125,394,205 20,143 2,451 22,594 Totals = 139,737,074 17,598,476 157,335,550 25,178 3,171 28,349 504 63 567 1,007 127 1,134 $ 5,440,279 $ 253,408 $ 5,693,687 1,080,029 $ 50,308 $ 1,130,337 REUSABLE WIPES:

175 367 < Average spent wipes per container 1 Printing 565,659,591 74,303,831 639,963,423 100% 50% 1,620,379 101,357 1,721,736 32,408 2,027 34,435 32,408 2,027 34,435 $ 1,837,510 $ 212,850 $ 2,050,359 $ 364,791 $ 42,256 $ 407,047 2 Chemical & Allied Products 42,186,313 23,718,009 65,904,321 100% 50% 120,846 32,353 153,200 2,417 647 3,064 2,417 647 3,064 $ 137,040 $ 67,942 $ 204,982 $ 27,206 $ 13,488 $ 40,694 3 Plastics & Rubber 57,707,802 18,928,159 76,635,961 100% 50% 165,309 25,820 191,128 3,306 516 3,823 3,306 516 3,823 $ 187,460 $ 54,221 $ 241,681 $ 37,215 $ 10,764 $ 47,980 4 Fabricated Metal Products 201,522,873 36,600,626 238,123,499 100% 50% 577,279 49,926 627,206 11,546 999 12,544 11,546 999 12,544 $ 654,634 $ 104,846 $ 759,480 $ 129,961 $ 20,814 $ 150,775 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 127,845,668 10,260,172 138,105,840 100% 50% 366,225 13,996 380,220 7,324 280 7,604 7,324 280 7,604 $ 415,299 $ 29,391 $ 444,690 $ 82,447 $ 5,835 $ 88,282 6 Electronics & Computers 46,459,279 45,438,499 91,897,779 100% 50% 133,086 61,982 195,069 2,662 1,240 3,901 2,662 1,240 3,901 $ 150,920 $ 130,162 $ 281,082 $ 29,961 $ 25,840 $ 55,802 7 Transportation Eqpt 39,297,004 26,121,783 65,418,787 100% 50% 112,570 35,632 148,202 2,251 713 2,964 2,251 713 2,964 $ 127,654 $ 74,828 $ 202,482 $ 25,342 $ 14,855 $ 40,198 8 Furniture & Fixtures 68,269,281 6,043,292 74,312,573 100% 50% 195,563 8,244 203,807 3,911 165 4,076 3,911 165 4,076 $ 221,768 $ 17,312 $ 239,080 $ 44,027 $ 3,437 $ 47,463 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 156,360,483 38,513,024 194,873,507 100% 50% 447,908 52,535 500,443 8,958 1,051 10,009 8,958 1,051 10,009 $ 507,927 $ 110,324 $ 618,251 $ 100,836 $ 21,902 $ 122,738 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 286,768,691 43,841,615 330,610,306 100% 50% 821,473 59,804 881,277 16,429 1,196 17,626 16,429 1,196 17,626 $ 931,550 $ 125,588 $ 1,057,138 $ 184,936 $ 24,932 $ 209,868 11 Business services ( copy shops) 74,581,196 14,233,053 88,814,248 100% 50% 213,644 19,415 233,059 4,273 388 4,661 4,273 388 4,661 $ 242,272 $ 40,772 $ 283,044 $ 48,097 $ 8,094 $ 56,191 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 537,276,832 1,600,626 538,877,458 100% 50% 1,539,074 2,183 1,541,258 30,781 44 30,825 30,781 44 30,825 $ 1,745,310 $ 4,585 $ 1,749,895 $ 346,487 $ 910 $ 347,397 13 Military Bases 1,778,937 2,887,726 4,666,663 100% 50% 5,096 3,939 9,035 102 79 181 102 79 181 $ 5,779 $ 8,272 $ 14,051 $ 1,147 $ 1,642 $ 2,789 Subtotal Printers 927,009,478 132,378,499 1,059,387,977 2,655,496 180,576 2,836,072 Subtotal Non Printers 1,278,704,471 210,111,917 1,488,816,388 3,662,956 286,611 3,949,567 Totals = 2,205,713,949 342,490,416 2,548,204,365 6,318,451 467,187 6,785,638 126,369 9,344 135,713 252,738 18,687 271,426 $ 7,165,124 $ 981,092 $ 8,146,216 1,422,453 $ 194,771 $ 1,617,224 145 Impact Elements 3A & 4 TRANSPORT CONTAINTER OPTION 1: COST OF PLASTIC BAG TRANSPORT CONTAINERS SQGs LQGs SQGs LQGs Size of container ( gallons) = 34 34 Replace/ yr> 1 1 Average reusables loading for transport as % of container capacity = 70% 70% Average disposables loading for transport as % of container capacity = 50% 50% Average quantity solvent contaminated reusable wipes loaded into container = 554 554 69 < Pounds per filled reusables bag Average quantity solvent contaminated disposable wipes loaded into container = 1,144 1,144 62 < Pounds per filled disposables bag Item Sub sector A. Annual Solvent Industrial Wipes Used: B. % must have containers C. % wipes w/ out containers D. Annual Additional Containers Filled: Operating weeks/ year = 50 Transport cycle mutiplier = 1 E. Weekly Containers Filled: F. Containers Needed ( first year): SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals A. REUSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing 565,659,591 74,303,831 639,963,423 100% 50% 510,624 67,074 577,698 10,212 1,341 11,554 510,624 67,074 577,698 2 Chemical & Allied Products 42,186,313 23,718,009 65,904,321 100% 50% 38,082 21,410 59,492 762 428 1,190 38,082 21,410 59,492 3 Plastics & Rubber 57,707,802 18,928,159 76,635,961 100% 50% 52,093 17,087 69,180 1,042 342 1,384 52,093 17,087 69,180 4 Fabricated Metal Products 201,522,873 36,600,626 238,123,499 100% 50% 181,916 33,040 214,955 3,638 661 4,299 181,916 33,040 214,955 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 127,845,668 10,260,172 138,105,840 100% 50% 115,407 9,262 124,669 2,308 185 2,493 115,407 9,262 124,669 6 Electronics & Computers 46,459,279 45,438,499 91,897,779 100% 50% 41,939 41,018 82,957 839 820 1,659 41,939 41,018 82,957 7 Transportation Eqpt 39,297,004 26,121,783 65,418,787 100% 50% 35,474 23,580 59,054 709 472 1,181 35,474 23,580 59,054 8 Furniture & Fixtures 68,269,281 6,043,292 74,312,573 100% 50% 61,627 5,455 67,082 1,233 109 1,342 61,627 5,455 67,082 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 156,360,483 38,513,024 194,873,507 100% 50% 141,147 34,766 175,913 2,823 695 3,518 141,147 34,766 175,913 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 286,768,691 43,841,615 330,610,306 100% 50% 258,867 39,576 298,444 5,177 792 5,969 258,867 39,576 298,444 11 Business services ( copy shops) 74,581,196 14,233,053 88,814,248 100% 50% 67,325 12,848 80,173 1,346 257 1,603 67,325 12,848 80,173 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 537,276,832 1,600,626 538,877,458 100% 50% 485,002 1,445 486,447 9,700 29 9,729 485,002 1,445 486,447 13 Military Bases 1,778,937 2,887,726 4,666,663 100% 50% 1,606 2,607 4,213 32 52 84 1,606 2,607 4,213 National Totals = 2,205,713,949 342,490,416 2,548,204,365 1,991,109 309,168 2,300,276 39,822 6,183 46,006 1,991,109 309,168 2,300,276 Avg per facility = 26,830 Cubic yards equivalent = 387,225 Avg per facility = 0.484 Avg per facility = 24.220 Tons equivalent = 113,759 Printer containers filled = 956,315 42% Non printer containers filled = 1,343,962 58%

B. DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES ( for transport of eligible wipes to non haz waste landfills under the exemption): 1 Printing 0 0 0 100% 50% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Chemical & Allied Products 2,982,060 1,240,458 4,222,517 100% 50% 2,608 1,085 3,692 52 22 74 2,608 1,085 3,692 3 Plastics & Rubber 4,080,210 989,623 5,069,832 100% 50% 3,568 865 4,433 71 17 89 3,568 865 4,433 4 Fabricated Metal Products 14,243,846 1,912,913 16,156,759 100% 50% 12,455 1,673 14,128 249 33 283 12,455 1,673 14,128 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 9,036,016 538,902 9,574,919 100% 50% 7,901 471 8,372 158 9 167 7,901 471 8,372 6 Electronics & Computers 3,280,803 2,380,433 5,661,236 100% 50% 2,869 2,081 4,950 57 42 99 2,869 2,081 4,950 7 Transportation Eqpt 2,779,565 1,367,877 4,147,442 100% 50% 2,430 1,196 3,627 49 24 73 2,430 1,196 3,627 8 Furniture & Fixtures 4,824,516 316,686 5,141,202 100% 50% 4,219 277 4,495 84 6 90 4,219 277 4,495 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 11,054,978 2,015,306 13,070,284 100% 50% 9,667 1,762 11,429 193 35 229 9,667 1,762 11,429 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 100% 50% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 100% 50% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 37,979,277 82,754 38,062,031 100% 50% 33,209 72 33,282 664 1 666 33,209 72 33,282 13 Military Bases 125,286 152,522 277,809 100% 50% 110 133 243 2 3 5 110 133 243 National Totals = 90,386,558 10,997,475 101,384,033 79,034 9,616 88,651 1,581 192 1,773 79,034 9,616 88,651 Avg per facility = 12,158 Cubic yards equivalent = 14,923 Avg per facility = 0.213 Avg per facility = 10.631 Tons equivalent = 5,480 146 Impact Elements 3A & 4 ( continued)

TRANSPORT CONTAINER OPTION 1 ( CONTINUED): COST OF PLASTIC BAG TRANSPORT CONTAINERS Item Sub Sector FIRST YEAR COSTS: ANNUALIZED COSTS: CONTAINERS ( first year): LABELS ( first year): CONTAINERS ( annualized): LABELS ( annualized): TOTAL annualized: 34 34 < Size ( gals) $ 0.43 $ 0.43 < Unit cost 34 34 < Size ( gals) $ 0.43 $ 0.43 < Unit cost $ 0.22 $ 0.22 < Unit cost 1 1 < Labels/ cntnr $ 0.22 $ 0.22 < Unit cost 1 1 < Labels/ cntnr SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals REUSABLE WIPES 1 Printing $ 110,739 $ 14,546 $ 125,286 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 110,739 $ 14,546 $ 125,286 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 110,739 $ 14,546 $ 125,286 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 8,259 $ 4,643 $ 12,902 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8,259 $ 4,643 $ 12,902 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 8,259 $ 4,643 $ 12,902 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 11,297 $ 3,706 $ 15,003 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 11,297 $ 3,706 $ 15,003 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 11,297 $ 3,706 $ 15,003 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 39,452 $ 7,165 $ 46,618 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 39,452 $ 7,165 $ 46,618 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 39,452 $ 7,165 $ 46,618 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 25,028 $ 2,009 $ 27,037 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 25,028 $ 2,009 $ 27,037 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 25,028 $ 2,009 $ 27,037 6 Electronics & Computers $ 9,095 $ 8,896 $ 17,991 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,095 $ 8,896 $ 17,991 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,095 $ 8,896 $ 17,991 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 7,693 $ 5,114 $ 12,807 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7,693 $ 5,114 $ 12,807 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7,693 $ 5,114 $ 12,807 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 13,365 $ 1,183 $ 14,548 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 13,365 $ 1,183 $ 14,548 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 13,365 $ 1,183 $ 14,548 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 30,611 $ 7,540 $ 38,150 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 30,611 $ 7,540 $ 38,150 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 30,611 $ 7,540 $ 38,150 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 56,141 $ 8,583 $ 64,724 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 56,141 $ 8,583 $ 64,724 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 56,141 $ 8,583 $ 64,724 11 Business Services ( copy shops) $ 14,601 $ 2,786 $ 17,387 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 14,601 $ 2,786 $ 17,387 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 14,601 $ 2,786 $ 17,387 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 105,183 $ 313 $ 105,496 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 105,183 $ 313 $ 105,496 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 105,183 $ 313 $ 105,496 13 Military Bases $ 348 $ 565 $ 914 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 348 $ 565 $ 914 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 348 $ 565 $ 914 Reusables totals = $ 431,814 $ 67,049 $ 498,863 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 431,814 $ 67,049 $ 498,863 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 431,814 $ 67,049 $ 498,863 Avg per facility = $ 5.25 Avg per facility = $ 0.00 Avg per facility = $ 5.25 Avg per facility = $ 0.00 $ 4.55 $ 0.71 $ 5.25 DISPOSABLE WIPES 1 Printing $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 565 $ 235 $ 801 $ 1,119 $ 466 $ 1,585 $ 565 $ 235 $ 801 $ 1,119 $ 466 $ 1,585 $ 1,685 $ 701 $ 2,386 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 774 $ 188 $ 961 $ 1,532 $ 371 $ 1,903 $ 774 $ 188 $ 961 $ 1,532 $ 371 $ 1,903 $ 2,305 $ 559 $ 2,865 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 2,701 $ 363 $ 3,064 $ 5,347 $ 718 $ 6,065 $ 2,701 $ 363 $ 3,064 $ 5,347 $ 718 $ 6,065 $ 8,048 $ 1,081 $ 9,129 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 1,714 $ 102 $ 1,816 $ 3,392 $ 202 $ 3,594 $ 1,714 $ 102 $ 1,816 $ 3,392 $ 202 $ 3,594 $ 5,105 $ 304 $ 5,410 6 Electronics & Computers $ 622 $ 451 $ 1,074 $ 1,232 $ 894 $ 2,125 $ 622 $ 451 $ 1,074 $ 1,232 $ 894 $ 2,125 $ 1,854 $ 1,345 $ 3,199 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 527 $ 259 $ 786 $ 1,043 $ 513 $ 1,557 $ 527 $ 259 $ 786 $ 1,043 $ 513 $ 1,557 $ 1,570 $ 773 $ 2,343 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 915 $ 60 $ 975 $ 1,811 $ 119 $ 1,930 $ 915 $ 60 $ 975 $ 1,811 $ 119 $ 1,930 $ 2,726 $ 179 $ 2,905 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 2,096 $ 382 $ 2,479 $ 4,150 $ 757 $ 4,906 $ 2,096 $ 382 $ 2,479 $ 4,150 $ 757 $ 4,906 $ 6,246 $ 1,139 $ 7,385 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 11 Business Services ( copy shops) $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 7,202 $ 16 $ 7,218 $ 14,257 $ 31 $ 14,288 $ 7,202 $ 16 $ 7,218 $ 14,257 $ 31 $ 14,288 $ 21,459 $ 47 $ 21,506 13 Military Bases $ 24 $ 29 $ 53 $ 47 $ 57 $ 104 $ 24 $ 29 $ 53 $ 47 $ 57 $ 104 $ 71 $ 86 $ 157 Disposables subtotals = $ 17,140 $ 2,085 $ 19,226 $ 33,929 $ 4,128 $ 38,058 $ 17,140 $ 2,085 $ 19,226 $ 33,929 $ 4,128 $ 38,058 $ 51,070 $ 6,214 $ 57,283 Avg per facility = $ 2.31 Avg per facility = $ 4.56 Avg per facility = $ 2.31 Avg per facility = $ 4.56 $ 4.55 $ 0.71 $ 6.87 147 Impact Elements 3A & 4 ( continued)

TRANSPORT CONTAINER OPTION 2: COST OF METAL DRUM TRANSPORT CONTAINERS SQGs LQGs SQGs LQGs Size of container ( gallons) = 55 55 55 55 Average loading for transport as % of container capacity = 75% 75% Average quantity solvent contaminated reusable wipes loaded into container = 960 960 120 120 < Pounds per reusable filled rigid container Average quantity solvent contaminated disposable wipes loaded into container = 2,775 2,775 150 150 < Pounds per disposable filled rigid container Item Sub sector A. Annual Solvent Industrial Wipes Used: B. % must have containers C. % wipes w/ out containers D. Annual Additional Containers Filled: Operating weeks/ year = 50 Transport cycle mutiplier = 2 E. Weekly Containers Filled: F. Containers Needed ( first year):

SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals A. REUSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing 565,659,591 74,303,831 639,963,423 100% 50% 294,614 38,700 333,314 5,892 774 6,666 11,785 1,548 13,333 2 Chemical & Allied Products 42,186,313 23,718,009 65,904,321 100% 50% 21,972 12,353 34,325 439 247 687 879 494 1,373 3 Plastics & Rubber 57,707,802 18,928,159 76,635,961 100% 50% 30,056 9,858 39,915 601 197 798 1,202 394 1,597 4 Fabricated Metal Products 201,522,873 36,600,626 238,123,499 100% 50% 104,960 19,063 124,023 2,099 381 2,480 4,198 763 4,961 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 127,845,668 10,260,172 138,105,840 100% 50% 66,586 5,344 71,930 1,332 107 1,439 2,663 214 2,877 6 Electronics & Computers 46,459,279 45,438,499 91,897,779 100% 50% 24,198 23,666 47,863 484 473 957 968 947 1,915 7 Transportation Eqpt 39,297,004 26,121,783 65,418,787 100% 50% 20,467 13,605 34,072 409 272 681 819 544 1,363 8 Furniture & Fixtures 68,269,281 6,043,292 74,312,573 100% 50% 35,557 3,148 38,704 711 63 774 1,422 126 1,548 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 156,360,483 38,513,024 194,873,507 100% 50% 81,438 20,059 101,497 1,629 401 2,030 3,258 802 4,060 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 286,768,691 43,841,615 330,610,306 100% 50% 149,359 22,834 172,193 2,987 457 3,444 5,974 913 6,888 11 Business services ( copy shops) 74,581,196 14,233,053 88,814,248 100% 50% 38,844 7,413 46,257 777 148 925 1,554 297 1,850 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 537,276,832 1,600,626 538,877,458 100% 50% 279,832 834 280,665 5,597 17 5,613 11,193 33 11,227 13 Military Bases 1,778,937 2,887,726 4,666,663 100% 50% 927 1,504 2,431 19 30 49 37 60 97 Reusable Sub Totals = 2,205,713,949 342,490,416 2,548,204,365 1,148,809 178,380 1,327,190 22,976 3,568 26,544 45,952 7,135 53,088 Avg per facility = 26,830 Avg per facility = 14.0 Avg per facility = 0.279 Avg per facility = 0.559 Cubic yards equivalent = 85,319 48,575 133,894 Tons equivalent = 25,065 14,270 39,335 B. DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES ( for transport of non eligible wipes to non landfill disposal under the exemption): 1 Printing 17,050,706 2,237,036 19,287,742 100% 50% 3,072 403 3,475 61 8 70 6,144 806 6,951 2 Chemical & Allied Products 3,688,283 1,534,228 5,222,511 100% 50% 665 276 941 13 6 19 1,329 553 1,882 3 Plastics & Rubber 5,046,501 1,223,989 6,270,490 100% 50% 909 221 1,130 18 4 23 1,819 441 2,260 4 Fabricated Metal Products 17,617,131 2,365,937 19,983,068 100% 50% 3,174 426 3,601 63 9 72 6,349 853 7,201 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 11,175,962 666,528 11,842,489 100% 50% 2,014 120 2,134 40 2 43 4,027 240 4,268 6 Electronics & Computers 4,057,776 2,944,176 7,001,952 100% 50% 731 530 1,262 15 11 25 1,462 1,061 2,523 7 Transportation Eqpt 3,437,833 1,691,823 5,129,656 100% 50% 619 305 924 12 6 18 1,239 610 1,849 8 Furniture & Fixtures 5,967,077 391,685 6,358,762 100% 50% 1,075 71 1,146 22 1 23 2,150 141 2,291 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 13,673,062 2,492,579 16,165,642 100% 50% 2,464 449 2,913 49 9 58 4,927 898 5,825 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 8,648,444 1,327,236 9,975,680 100% 50% 1,558 239 1,797 31 5 36 3,117 478 3,595 11 Business services ( copy shops) 2,245,659 432,263 2,677,922 100% 50% 405 78 483 8 2 10 809 156 965 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 46,973,682 102,352 47,076,034 100% 50% 8,464 18 8,482 169 0 170 16,927 37 16,964 13 Military Bases 154,957 188,643 343,601 100% 50% 28 34 62 1 1 1 56 68 124 Disposable Sub Totals = 139,737,074 17,598,476 157,335,550 25,178 3,171 28,349 504 63 567 50,356 6,342 56,697 Avg per facility = 18,867 Avg per facility = 3.4 Avg per facility = 0.068 Avg per facility = 6.799 Cubic yards equivalent = 1,870 863 2,733 Tons equivalent = 687 317 1,004 148 Impact Elements 3A & 4 ( continued)

TRANSPORT CONTAINER OPTION 2 ( CONTINUED): COST OF METAL DRUM TRANSPORT CONTAINERS Item Sub Sectors FIRST YEAR COST: ANNUALIZED COSTS: CONTAINERS ( annualized): LABELS ( annualized): TOTAL ANNUALIZED:

CONTAINERS ( first year): LABELS ( first year): 55 55 < Size ( gals) $ 1.44 $ 1.44 < Unit cost 55 55 < Size ( gals) $ 0.33 $ 0.33 < Unit cost $ 90 $ 90 < Unit cost 3 3 < Labels/ cntnr $ 21 $ 21 < Unit cost 3 3 < Labels/ cntr SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals REUSABLE WIPES: 1 Printing $ 1,065,788 $ 140,000 $ 1,205,787 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 242,931 $ 31,911 $ 274,841 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 242,931 $ 31,911 $ 274,841 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 79,485 $ 44,688 $ 124,174 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 18,118 $ 10,186 $ 28,304 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 18,118 $ 10,186 $ 28,304 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 108,730 $ 35,663 $ 144,394 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 24,783 $ 8,129 $ 32,912 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 24,783 $ 8,129 $ 32,912 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 379,699 $ 68,961 $ 448,660 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86,547 $ 15,719 $ 102,266 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86,547 $ 15,719 $ 102,266 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 240,880 $ 19,332 $ 260,212 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 54,905 $ 4,406 $ 59,312 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 54,905 $ 4,406 $ 59,312 6 Electronics & Computers $ 87,536 $ 85,613 $ 173,149 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 19,953 $ 19,514 $ 39,467 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 19,953 $ 19,514 $ 39,467 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 74,041 $ 49,217 $ 123,259 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 16,877 $ 11,218 $ 28,095 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 16,877 $ 11,218 $ 28,095 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 128,630 $ 11,386 $ 140,016 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 29,319 $ 2,595 $ 31,915 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 29,319 $ 2,595 $ 31,915 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 294,607 $ 72,564 $ 367,171 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 67,151 $ 16,540 $ 83,691 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 67,151 $ 16,540 $ 83,691 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 540,315 $ 82,604 $ 622,919 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 123,157 $ 18,828 $ 141,985 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 123,157 $ 18,828 $ 141,985 11 Business Services ( copy shops) $ 140,522 $ 26,817 $ 167,339 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 32,030 $ 6,113 $ 38,143 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 32,030 $ 6,113 $ 38,143 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 1,012,310 $ 3,016 $ 1,015,326 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 230,741 $ 687 $ 231,429 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 230,741 $ 687 $ 231,429 13 Military Bases $ 3,352 $ 5,441 $ 8,793 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 764 $ 1,240 $ 2,004 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 764 $ 1,240 $ 2,004 Reusable Sub totals = $ 4,155,896 $ 645,303 $ 4,801,199 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 947,275 $ 147,087 $ 1,094,362 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 947,275 $ 147,087 $ 1,094,362 Avg per facility = $ 50.55 Avg per facility = $ 0.00 Avg per facility = $ 11.52 Avg per facility = $ 0.00 Avg per facility = $ 11.52 DISPOSABLE WIPES: 1 Printing $ 555,695 $ 72,907 $ 628,601 $ 26,589 $ 3,488 $ 30,077 $ 126,662 $ 16,618 $ 143,280 $ 6,061 $ 795 $ 6,856 $ 132,723 $ 17,413 $ 150,136 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 120,204 $ 50,002 $ 170,205 $ 5,752 $ 2,392 $ 8,144 $ 27,399 $ 11,397 $ 38,796 $ 1,311 $ 545 $ 1,856 $ 28,710 $ 11,942 $ 40,652 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 164,469 $ 39,891 $ 204,360 $ 7,870 $ 1,909 $ 9,778 $ 37,488 $ 9,092 $ 46,581 $ 1,794 $ 435 $ 2,229 $ 39,282 $ 9,528 $ 48,810 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 574,155 $ 77,108 $ 651,262 $ 27,472 $ 3,689 $ 31,162 $ 130,870 $ 17,576 $ 148,446 $ 6,262 $ 841 $ 7,103 $ 137,132 $ 18,416 $ 155,548 5 Industrial Machinery Eqpt $ 364,232 $ 21,723 $ 385,955 $ 17,428 $ 1,039 $ 18,467 $ 83,021 $ 4,951 $ 87,973 $ 3,972 $ 237 $ 4,209 $ 86,994 $ 5,188 $ 92,182 6 Electronic & Computers $ 132,246 $ 95,953 $ 228,199 $ 6,328 $ 4,591 $ 10,919 $ 30,143 $ 21,871 $ 52,014 $ 1,442 $ 1,046 $ 2,489 $ 31,586 $ 22,918 $ 54,503 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 112,041 $ 55,138 $ 167,179 $ 5,361 $ 2,638 $ 7,999 $ 25,538 $ 12,568 $ 38,106 $ 1,222 $ 601 $ 1,823 $ 26,760 $ 13,169 $ 39,929 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 194,471 $ 12,765 $ 207,237 $ 9,305 $ 611 $ 9,916 $ 44,327 $ 2,910 $ 47,237 $ 2,121 $ 139 $ 2,260 $ 46,448 $ 3,049 $ 49,497 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 445,615 $ 81,235 $ 526,850 $ 21,322 $ 3,887 $ 25,209 $ 101,571 $ 18,516 $ 120,088 $ 4,860 $ 886 $ 5,746 $ 106,431 $ 19,402 $ 125,834 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 281,859 $ 43,256 $ 325,114 $ 13,486 $ 2,070 $ 15,556 $ 64,246 $ 9,859 $ 74,105 $ 3,074 $ 472 $ 3,546 $ 67,320 $ 10,331 $ 77,651 11 Business Services ( copy shops) $ 73,188 $ 14,088 $ 87,275 $ 3,502 $ 674 $ 4,176 $ 16,682 $ 3,211 $ 19,893 $ 798 $ 154 $ 952 $ 17,480 $ 3,365 $ 20,845 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 1,530,905 $ 3,336 $ 1,534,241 $ 73,251 $ 160 $ 73,411 $ 348,947 $ 760 $ 349,708 $ 16,696 $ 36 $ 16,733 $ 365,644 $ 797 $ 366,440 13 Military Bases $ 5,050 $ 6,148 $ 11,198 $ 242 $ 294 $ 536 $ 1,151 $ 1,401 $ 2,552 $ 55 $ 67 $ 122 $ 1,206 $ 1,468 $ 2,675 Disposable Sub totals = $ 4,554,129 $ 573,547 $ 5,127,676 $ 217,906 $ 27,443 $ 245,350 $ 1,038,047 $ 130,731 $ 1,168,778 $ 49,669 $ 6,255 $ 55,924 $ 1,087,715 $ 136,987 $ 1,224,702 Avg per facility = $ 614.90 Avg per facility = $ 29.42 Avg per facility = $ 140.16 Avg per facility = $ 6.71 Avg per facility = $ 146.86 149 Impact Element 4 Labor Cost to Affix Labels to Transport Containers for Spent Disposable Industrial Wipes A. First Year Cost: B. Annualized Cost:

Labor minutes/ container to affix labels> 1 1 Subtotals 1 1 Subtotals Average hourly labor wage ($/ hour)> $ 15.47 $ 15.47 $ 15.47 $ 15.47 SQGs LQGs SQGs LQGs A. If Plastic Bag Transport Containers Number of labels per container> 1 1 1 1 1 Printing $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 672 $ 280 $ 952 $ 672 $ 280 $ 952 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 920 $ 223 $ 1,143 $ 920 $ 223 $ 1,143 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 3,211 $ 431 $ 3,642 $ 3,211 $ 431 $ 3,642 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 2,037 $ 121 $ 2,158 $ 2,037 $ 121 $ 2,158 6 Electronics & Computers $ 740 $ 537 $ 1,276 $ 740 $ 537 $ 1,276 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 627 $ 308 $ 935 $ 627 $ 308 $ 935 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 1,088 $ 71 $ 1,159 $ 1,088 $ 71 $ 1,159 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 2,492 $ 454 $ 2,946 $ 2,492 $ 454 $ 2,946 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 11 Business services ( copy shops) $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 8,562 $ 19 $ 8,580 $ 8,562 $ 19 $ 8,580 13 Military Bases $ 28 $ 34 $ 63 $ 28 $ 34 $ 63 National Totals = $ 20,376 $ 2,479 $ 22,855 $ 20,376 $ 2,479 $ 22,855 B. If Metal Drum Transport Containers Number of labels per container> 3 3 3 3 1 Printing $ 4,752 $ 623 $ 5,376 $ 1,083 $ 142 $ 1,225 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 1,028 $ 428 $ 1,456 $ 234 $ 97 $ 332 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 1,407 $ 341 $ 1,748 $ 321 $ 78 $ 398 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 4,910 $ 659 $ 5,570 $ 1,119 $ 150 $ 1,269 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 3,115 $ 186 $ 3,301 $ 710 $ 42 $ 752 6 Electronics & Computers $ 1,131 $ 821 $ 1,952 $ 258 $ 187 $ 445 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 958 $ 472 $ 1,430 $ 218 $ 107 $ 326 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 1,663 $ 109 $ 1,772 $ 379 $ 25 $ 404 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 3,811 $ 695 $ 4,506 $ 869 $ 158 $ 1,027 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 2,410 $ 370 $ 2,780 $ 549 $ 84 $ 634 11 Business services ( copy shops) $ 626 $ 120 $ 746 $ 143 $ 27 $ 170 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 13,092 $ 29 $ 13,121 $ 2,984 $ 7 $ 2,991 13 Military Bases $ 43 $ 53 $ 96 $ 10 $ 12 $ 22 National Totals = $ 38,947 $ 4,905 $ 43,852 $ 8,877 $ 1,118 $ 9,995 150 Impact Element # 3B AVOIDED RCRA MANIFEST COST FOR SOLVENT CONTAMINATED DISPOSABLE WIPES ( Estimate Based on RCRA Haz Waste Storage Limit w/ o Permit ( 40 CFR 262.30)): DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES:

Item Sub sector A. Annual spent wipes containers generated: B. Nr. containers per month per facility: C. Nr. containers per RCRA limit/ facility: D. Nr. truckloads per RCRA period: E. Nr. annual truckloads ( shipments): F. Avoided RCRA manifest cost:

34 34 < Avg contr gals RCRA storage limit months> 6 3 40 40 < average containers per truck $ 192 $ 199 < avg cost per manifest SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs SQGs LQGs SQGs LQGs SQGs LQGs Total SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing 14,909 1,956 16,865 0.6 5.4 3.5 16.2 1 1 4,316 121 4,436 $ 828,650 $ 23,985 $ 852,635 2 Chemical & Allied Products 5,833 2,426 8,259 3.1 12.7 18.8 38.0 1 1 311 64 375 $ 59,655 $ 12,720 $ 72,375 3 Plastics & Rubber 7,980 1,936 9,916 3.2 12.9 19.1 38.6 1 1 418 50 468 $ 80,269 $ 9,983 $ 90,252 4 Fabricated Metal Products 27,859 3,741 31,601 3.1 12.4 18.4 37.2 1 1 1,516 101 1,617 $ 291,086 $ 20,042 $ 311,128 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 17,673 1,054 18,727 3.9 16.0 23.6 48.0 1 2 748 44 792 $ 143,657 $ 8,747 $ 152,404 6 Electronics & Computers 6,417 4,656 11,073 7.5 30.3 44.8 91.0 2 3 286 154 440 $ 54,964 $ 30,556 $ 85,520 7 Transportation Eqpt 5,437 2,675 8,112 2.9 11.8 17.4 35.3 1 1 312 76 388 $ 59,853 $ 15,084 $ 74,937 8 Furniture & Fixtures 9,436 619 10,056 3.1 12.6 18.6 37.8 1 1 507 16 523 $ 97,266 $ 3,262 $ 100,527 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 21,622 3,942 25,564 2.9 11.9 17.7 35.8 1 1 1,223 110 1,333 $ 234,798 $ 21,924 $ 256,722 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 7,562 1,161 8,723 0.5 4.9 3.1 14.6 1 1 2,444 79 2,524 $ 469,262 $ 15,810 $ 485,072 11 Business Services ( copy shops) 1,964 378 2,342 0.5 4.7 3.0 14.1 1 1 661 27 688 $ 126,859 $ 5,334 $ 132,193 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 74,283 162 74,445 2.8 11.4 17.1 34.1 1 1 4,352 5 4,357 $ 835,593 $ 944 $ 836,536 13 Military Bases 245 298 543 3.6 14.6 21.4 43.8 1 2 11 14 25 $ 2,199 $ 2,709 $ 4,909 Subtotals = 201,221 25,004 226,225 2.0 11.4 11.9 34.3 17,105 860 17,965 $ 3,284,111 $ 171,101 $ 3,455,212 151 Impact Element 3B, 5B & 8C ( continued)

Paperwork Burden Unit Cost ($/ manifest) for the RCRA Hazardous Waste Manifest Item Entities Which Incur Portions of Manifest Paperwork Cost ( types of facilities involved in manifest transport custody chain from cradle to grave movement of waste) Average Cost* Per Manifest ( year 2000$)

SQG LQG 1 Waste generators ( Note: the average unit cost* for manifesting solvent contaminated spent industrial wipes is mostly associated with RCRA small quantity generators ( SQGs) because 96.5% of spent industrial wipes generators are small companies.) $ 17 $ 24 2 Waste transporters $ 117 3 Waste receivers ( for offsite treatment, storage, disposal, recycling of wastes) ( Note: average for small, medium & large waste treatment, storage, disposal facilities ( TSDFs)) $ 48 4 State governments ( Note: as of 2001, 24 states print, distribute, and collect RCRA manifests, compared to 48 states** reporting RCRA hazardous waste shipments within or between states, in the USEPA Office of Solid Waste 1999 RCRA Hazardous Waste Biennial Report.) $ 10 Column total = $ 192 $ 199 Explanatory Notes: ( a) Source: Derived from USEPA " Hazardous Waste Manifest Cost Benefit Analysis", prepared for the Office of Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste Identification Division, by Logistics Management Institute ( McLean VA), Oct 2000, Table 3 9, page 3 7, http:// www. epa. gov/ epaoswer/ hazwaste/ gener/ manifest/ pdf/ cba rprt. pdf. ! The unit costs above include the following labor and equipment cost components: ( 1) preparing the manifest, ( 2) transmitting the manifest between waste generator, waste transporter, and final waste processing ( treating, disposing, recycling) facility, ( 3) manifest recordkeeping for minimum of three years, ( 4) obtaining manifest forms, ( 5) submitting copies of final signed manifests to state agencies ( required by some states), and ( 6) employee haz materials training ( USDOT requires recurrent every three years). ! The unit costs above do not include the " information technology" component of unit cost from this source document for some companies which may process manifests electronically. ( b) * The unit costs in this table do not include allocated costs incurred by some companies for purchasing, installing, operating, and maintaining information technology ( computer) systems, which may be used in part or whole, for manifest processing. As of 1996 there were 28 IT vendor companies providing waste manifesting software systems (" Waste Manifest Software Report", Donley Technology, June 1996 http:// www. donleytech. com/ de00014 and http:// www. donleytech. com/ wmsr). For example, IT costs for manifest processing for a hazardous waste generating company could include: ! hardware: $ 5,000 desktop computer w/ printer and internet browser @ five year annualized cost of $ 1,000 and allocates 5% of the annual cost ($ 1,000 x 5% = $ 50) to manifest processing, plus:, ! software: Option A: $ 495/ year internet hosted waste management software service, which is equivalent to $ 10.48 in IT unit cost per manifest, for processing 52 manifests per year ( i. e. one waste pick up manifest processed per week); ( i. e. ($ 50 hardware + $ 495 software)/ 52); or Option B: $ 6,500 licensed copy of waste management software @ five year annualized cost $ 1,300, plus 15% annual software support cost $ 975, results in $ 2,325 annual cost, which is equivalent to $ 44.71 in IT unit cost per manifest, for processing 52 manifests per year ( i. e. ($ 50 hardware + ($ 1,300 + $ 975) software)/ 52). ( c) A total 48 of the 56 states/ territories reported receiving waste shipments ( within plus out of state shipments) in the 1999 Biennial Report. However, final waste destinations ( waste receipts) are concentrated in only a few states: the top 5 waste receiving states ( OH, TX, MI, IN, CA) account for 46% ( 3.01 of the 6.55 million tons received in 1999). 152 Impact Element 5A LABOR COST FOR DECANTING SPENT SOLVENT WIPES ACCUMULATION CONTAINERS Item Subsector or Industry Percent accumulation containers needing decanting Annual Labor Hours* Annual Labor Cost 5 5 < Minutes per container to decant $ 15 $ 15 <$/ hour SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals Disposable Wipes: 1 Printing 100% 256 34 290 $ 3,960 $ 520 $ 4,480 2 Chemical & Allied Products 50% 28 12 39 $ 428 $ 178 $ 606 3 Plastics & Rubber 50% 38 9 47 $ 586 $ 142 $ 728 4 Fabricated Metal Products 50% 132 18 150 $ 2,046 $ 275 $ 2,321 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 50% 84 5 89 $ 1,298 $ 77 $ 1,375 6 Electronics & Computers 50% 30 22 53 $ 471 $ 342 $ 813 7 Transportation Eqpt 50% 26 13 39 $ 399 $ 196 $ 596 8 Furniture & Fixtures 50% 45 3 48 $ 693 $ 45 $ 738 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 50% 103 19 121 $ 1,588 $ 289 $ 1,877 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 100% 130 20 150 $ 2,009 $ 308 $ 2,317 11 Business services ( copy shops) 100% 34 6 40 $ 522 $ 100 $ 622 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 50% 353 1 353 $ 5,455 $ 12 $ 5,467 13 Military Bases 50% 1 1 3 $ 18 $ 22 $ 40 Disposable wipes subtotals = 1,259 162 1,421 $ 19,473 $ 2,508 $ 21,981 Reusable Wipes: 1 Printing 100% 135,032 8,446 143,478 $ 2,088,752 $ 130,654 $ 2,219,406 2 Chemical & Allied Products 50% 5,035 1,348 6,383 $ 77,888 $ 20,853 $ 98,741 3 Plastics & Rubber 50% 6,888 1,076 7,964 $ 106,546 $ 16,641 $ 123,187 4 Fabricated Metal Products 50% 24,053 2,080 26,134 $ 372,071 $ 32,179 $ 404,250 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 50% 15,259 583 15,843 $ 236,041 $ 9,021 $ 245,062 6 Electronics & Computers 50% 5,545 2,583 8,128 $ 85,778 $ 39,949 $ 125,727 7 Transportation Eqpt 50% 4,690 1,485 6,175 $ 72,554 $ 22,966 $ 95,520 8 Furniture & Fixtures 50% 8,148 343 8,492 $ 126,045 $ 5,313 $ 131,359 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 50% 18,663 2,189 20,852 $ 288,688 $ 33,860 $ 322,548 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 100% 68,456 4,984 73,440 $ 1,058,921 $ 77,090 $ 1,136,011 11 Business services ( copy shops) 100% 17,804 1,618 19,422 $ 275,398 $ 25,027 $ 300,425 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 50% 64,128 91 64,219 $ 991,973 $ 1,407 $ 993,380 13 Military Bases 50% 212 164 376 $ 3,284 $ 2,539 $ 5,823 Reusable wipes subtotals = 373,914 26,990 400,905 $ 5,783,940 $ 417,500 $ 6,201,440 * Annual labor hours estimated in this table by multiplying the percentage of non" dry" wipes containers needing decanting, by the number of containers estimated for Impact Element 2. 153 Impact Element # 5B COST TO SPENT WIPES GENERATORS TO MANAGE SPENT SOLVENT " FREE LIQUIDS" RECOVERED FROM ON SITE GENERATOR ACCUMULATION CONTAINERS Size of reference container ( gallons) = 10 21 B. Gallons Solvent Captured by Decanting C. Fuel Blender Cost ($/ year): > If RCRA " haz waste" blending D. Net Cost Solvent Recycling: > If RCRA " haz waste" recycling Spent disposable wipes/ container = 505 1,060 Item Sub sector A. Wipes Accumulation Containers Filled/ Year Avg gals free liquids per contr SQGs LQGs Subtotals $ 0.91 $ 0.91 < $/ gal ($ 1.55) ($ 1.55) < $/ gal SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing 3,072 403 3,475 5 2,793 769 3,562 $ 2,550 $ 703 $ 3,252 ($ 2,065) ($ 569) ($ 2,634) 2 Chemical & Allied Products 665 276 941 0.5 60 53 113 $ 55 $ 48 $ 103 ($ 45) ($ 39) ($ 84) 3 Plastics & Rubber 909 221 1,130 0.5 83 42 125 $ 75 $ 38 $ 114 ($ 61) ($ 31) ($ 92) 4 Fabricated Metal Products 3,174 426 3,601 0.5 289 81 370 $ 263 $ 74 $ 338 ($ 213) ($ 60) ($ 274) 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 2,014 120 2,134 0.5 183 23 206 $ 167 $ 21 $ 188 ($ 135) ($ 17) ($ 152) 6 Electronics & Computers 731 530 1,262 0.5 66 101 168 $ 61 $ 92 $ 153 ($ 49) ($ 75) ($ 124) 7 Transportation Eqpt 619 305 924 0.5 56 58 115 $ 51 $ 53 $ 105 ($ 42) ($ 43) ($ 85) 8 Furniture & Fixtures 1,075 71 1,146 0.5 98 13 111 $ 89 $ 12 $ 102 ($ 72) ($ 10) ($ 82) 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 2,464 449 2,913 0.5 224 86 310 $ 204 $ 78 $ 283 ($ 166) ($ 63) ($ 229) 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 1,558 239 1,797 5 1,417 457 1,873 $ 1,293 $ 417 $ 1,710 ($ 1,047) ($ 338) ($ 1,385) 11 Business services ( copy shops) 405 78 483 5 368 149 517 $ 336 $ 136 $ 472 ($ 272) ($ 110) ($ 382) 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 8,464 18 8,482 0.5 769 4 773 $ 702 $ 3 $ 706 ($ 569) ($ 3) ($ 571) 13 Military Bases 28 34 62 0.5 3 6 9 $ 2 $ 6 $ 8 ($ 2) ($ 5) ($ 7)

Disposable sub totals = 25,178 3,171 28,349 6,409 1,843 8,251 Annual cost = $ 7,533 Annual cost = ($ 6,100)

Ton equivalent > 32 Size of reference container ( gallons) = 10 21 B. Gallons Solvent Captured by Decanting C. Fuel Blender Cost ($/ year): > If RCRA " haz waste" blending D. Net Cost Solvent Recycling: > If RCRA " haz waste" recycling Spent reusable wipes/ container = 175 367 % of wipes not accumulated in containers = 50% 50%

Item Sub sector A. Wipes Accumulation Containers Filled/ Year Avg gals free liquids per container SQGs LQGs Subtotals $ 0.91 $ 0.91 < $/ gal ($ 0.74) ($ 0.74) < $/ gal SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals REUSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: 1 Printing 1,620,379 101,357 1,721,736 5 1,473,072 193,500 1,666,571 $ 1,344,915 $ 176,665 $ 1,521,580 ($ 1,089,091) ($ 143,061) ($ 1,232,152) 2 Chemical & Allied Products 120,846 32,353 153,200 0.5 10,986 6,177 17,163 $ 10,030 $ 5,639 $ 15,669 ($ 8,122) ($ 4,567) ($ 12,689) 3 Plastics & Rubber 165,309 25,820 191,128 0.5 15,028 4,929 19,957 $ 13,721 $ 4,500 $ 18,221 ($ 11,111) ($ 3,644) ($ 14,755) 4 Fabricated Metal Products 577,279 49,926 627,206 0.5 52,480 9,531 62,011 $ 47,914 $ 8,702 $ 56,616 ($ 38,800) ($ 7,047) ($ 45,847) 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 366,225 13,996 380,220 0.5 33,293 2,672 35,965 $ 30,397 $ 2,439 $ 32,836 ($ 24,615) ($ 1,975) ($ 26,590) 6 Electronics & Computers 133,086 61,982 195,069 0.5 12,099 11,833 23,932 $ 11,046 $ 10,803 $ 21,850 ($ 8,945) ($ 8,748) ($ 17,694) 7 Transportation Eqpt 112,570 35,632 148,202 0.5 10,234 6,803 17,036 $ 9,343 $ 6,211 $ 15,554 ($ 7,566) ($ 5,029) ($ 12,595) 8 Furniture & Fixtures 195,563 8,244 203,807 0.5 17,778 1,574 19,352 $ 16,232 $ 1,437 $ 17,669 ($ 13,144) ($ 1,164) ($ 14,308) 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 447,908 52,535 500,443 0.5 40,719 10,029 50,748 $ 37,176 $ 9,157 $ 46,333 ($ 30,105) ($ 7,415) ($ 37,520) 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 821,473 59,804 881,277 5 746,793 114,171 860,964 $ 681,822 $ 104,238 $ 786,060 ($ 552,129) ($ 84,410) ($ 636,540) 11 Business services ( copy shops) 213,644 19,415 233,059 5 194,222 37,065 231,287 $ 177,325 $ 33,841 $ 211,165 ($ 143,595) ($ 27,404) ($ 170,998) 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 1,539,074 2,183 1,541,258 0.5 139,916 417 140,333 $ 127,743 $ 381 $ 128,124 ($ 103,444) ($ 308) ($ 103,753) 13 Military Bases 5,096 3,939 9,035 0.5 463 752 1,215 $ 423 $ 687 $ 1,110 ($ 343) ($ 556) ($ 898)

Reusable sub totals = 6,318,451 467,187 6,785,638 2,747,083 399,452 3,146,535 Annual cost = $ 2,872,787 Annual cost = ($ 2,326,339) Ton equivalent > 12,271 154 Impact Element # 5C INITIAL YEAR EVALUATION OF SPENT SOLVENT WIPES CONTAINERS TO DETERMINE ELIGIBILITY WITH THE 5 GRAM " DRY" STANDARD: ONE TIME CONTAINER SAMPLING UNIT COST PER FACILITY Disposable Wipes Item SQG LQG A. Average Number Containers Sampled Per Facility: 1 Average spent solvent wipes generated per week> 158 1,485 2 Avg size of wipes container ( gal)> 10 21 3 Avg wipes per container> 505 1,060 4 Nr weeks to fill one container> 3.2 0.7 5 Nr. containers filled per year*> 15.7 70.1 B. Average Labor Time Needed To Sample Containers Per Facility: 6 Number containers sampled in initial year**> 2 11 7 Number wipes sampled per container> 25 25 8 Avg minutes to weigh each sample wipe> 2 2 9 Total sampling minutes per container> 50 50 10 Total sampling hours per facility> 2.0 8.8 11 Sampling task mobilization/ demobilization hours***> 2.2 9.6 12 Total sampling hours ( items 10+ 11)> 4.1 18.4 C. Average Labor Time for Recordkeeping of Samples Per Facility: 13 Recordkeeping hours****> 0.4 1.8 D. Average Container Sampling & Recordkeeping Cost Per Facility: 14 Total hours for sampling & recordkeeping ( items 12+ 13)> 4.5 20.2 15 Avg labor hourly wage rate ( technical labor)> $ 21.58 $ 21.58 16 Labor cost for total hours ( item 14 x 15)> $ 98 $ 437 Explanatory Notes: ( a) * Item 5 based on facility operating weeks per year = 50 ( b) ** Item 6 based on sampling containers accumulated in initial year according to sampling rate = 15%. ( c) Items 7 & 8 number of, and time for, wipes sampled based on OSW HWID judgement, based on fieldtrips. ( d) *** Item 11 based on assumed percentage of subtotal hours in item 10 = 10% ( e) **** Item 13 based on assumed percentage of total hours in item 12 = 10% 155 Impact Element 5C ( continued)

DISPOSABLE WIPES GENERATORS: INITIAL ASSESSMENT COST TO DETERMINE COMPLIANCE WITH 5 GRAM " DRY" STANDARD Item Sub sector A. Facilities Using Solvent Wipes: B. % of Facilities which choose to sample C. Sampling Cost ( initial year):

SQGs LQGs Subtotals SQGs LQGs Subtotals A. IF GENERATOR FACILITIES ASSESS INDIVIDUALLY: Avg samping cost per facility ( see prior spreadsheet) > $ 98 $ 437 1 Printing 2,158 30 2,188 0% $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 2 Chemical & Allied Products 155 16 171 100% $ 15,159 $ 6,977 $ 22,136 3 Plastics & Rubber 209 13 222 100% $ 20,397 $ 5,476 $ 25,873 4 Fabricated Metal Products 758 25 783 100% $ 73,969 $ 10,993 $ 84,961 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 374 5 380 100% $ 36,505 $ 2,399 $ 38,904 6 Electronics & Computers 72 13 84 100% $ 6,984 $ 5,587 $ 12,570 7 Transportation Eqpt 156 19 175 100% $ 15,209 $ 8,274 $ 23,483 8 Furniture & Fixtures 253 4 257 100% $ 24,717 $ 1,789 $ 26,505 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 611 28 639 100% $ 59,665 $ 12,025 $ 71,690 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 1,222 20 1,242 0% $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 11 Business services ( copy shops) 330 7 337 0% $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 2,176 1 2,177 100% $ 212,335 $ 518 $ 212,853 13 Military Bases 6 2 7 100% $ 559 $ 743 $ 1,302 Disposable Sub Totals = 8,481 182 8,663 $ 465,499 $ 54,779 $ 520,278 Average annualized cost = $ 69,230 Subtotal sampling facilities = 4,896 Avg per facility = $ 106 B. IF INDEPENDENT ORGANIZATION ASSESSES SUB SECTORS COLLECTIVELY Avg samping cost per facility ( see prior spreadsheet) > $ 98 $ 437 1 Printing 2,158 30 2,188 10% $ 21,057 $ 1,316 $ 22,373 2 Chemical & Allied Products 155 16 171 10% $ 1,516 $ 698 $ 2,214 3 Plastics & Rubber 209 13 222 10% $ 2,040 $ 548 $ 2,587 4 Fabricated Metal Products 758 25 783 10% $ 7,397 $ 1,099 $ 8,496 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 374 5 380 10% $ 3,651 $ 240 $ 3,890 6 Electronics & Computers 72 13 84 10% $ 698 $ 559 $ 1,257 7 Transportation Eqpt 156 19 175 10% $ 1,521 $ 827 $ 2,348 8 Furniture & Fixtures 253 4 257 10% $ 2,472 $ 179 $ 2,651 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 611 28 639 10% $ 5,967 $ 1,203 $ 7,169 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 1,222 20 1,242 10% $ 11,925 $ 867 $ 12,792 11 Business services ( copy shops) 330 7 337 10% $ 3,224 $ 293 $ 3,516 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 2,176 1 2,177 10% $ 21,233 $ 52 $ 21,285 13 Military Bases 6 2 7 10% $ 56 $ 74 $ 130 Disposables Sub Totals = 8,481 182 8,663 $ 82,755 $ 7,953 $ 90,708 Average annualized cost = $ 12,070 Subtotal sampling facilities = 866 Avg per facility = $ 105 156 Impact Element 8A AVOIDED COST FOR RCRA HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL OF SPENT DISPOSABLE WIPES A. ANNUAL RCRA SOLVENT WASTE SPENT DISPOSABLE WIPES QUANTITIES: A1. Annual Solvent Industrial Wipes A2. Annual Wipes Weight ( tons) A3. Annual containers A4. RCRA Subtitle C Incineration Cost 34 34 < Avg contr gals 0.054 0.054 < lbs/ wipe 1144 1144 < Wipes/ contnr $ 149 $ 149 < Avg $/ drum* SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals Printer> 1 Printing 17,050,706 2,237,036 19,287,742 461 60 521 14,909 1,956 16,865 $ 2,221,471 $ 291,455 $ 2,512,926 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 6,670,343 2,774,685 9,445,028 180 75 255 5,833 2,426 8,259 $ 869,053 $ 361,503 $ 1,230,557 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 9,126,711 2,213,612 11,340,323 247 60 306 7,980 1,936 9,916 $ 1,189,084 $ 288,403 $ 1,477,487 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 31,860,977 4,278,850 36,139,827 861 116 977 27,859 3,741 31,601 $ 4,151,045 $ 557,475 $ 4,708,520 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 20,211,978 1,205,430 21,417,408 546 33 579 17,673 1,054 18,727 $ 2,633,341 $ 157,051 $ 2,790,392 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 7,338,580 5,324,609 12,663,188 198 144 342 6,417 4,656 11,073 $ 956,115 $ 693,723 $ 1,649,838 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 6,217,398 3,059,700 9,277,098 168 83 251 5,437 2,675 8,112 $ 810,041 $ 398,637 $ 1,208,678 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 10,791,594 708,371 11,499,965 292 19 311 9,436 619 10,056 $ 1,405,995 $ 92,291 $ 1,498,286 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 24,728,040 4,507,886 29,235,926 668 122 790 21,622 3,942 25,564 $ 3,221,722 $ 587,315 $ 3,809,037 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 8,648,444 1,327,236 9,975,680 234 36 270 7,562 1,161 8,723 $ 1,126,773 $ 172,921 $ 1,299,693 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 2,245,659 432,263 2,677,922 61 12 72 1,964 378 2,342 $ 292,578 $ 56,318 $ 348,896 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 84,952,959 185,106 85,138,065 2,296 5 2,301 74,283 162 74,445 $ 11,068,196 $ 24,117 $ 11,092,312 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 280,243 341,166 621,409 8 9 17 245 298 543 $ 36,512 $ 44,449 $ 80,961 Column totals = 230,123,632 28,595,951 258,719,583 6,220 773 6,992 201,221 25,004 226,225 $ 29,981,926 $ 3,725,657 $ 33,707,583 B. SAVINGS FOR DISPOSAL OF DISPOSABLE SPENT WIPES AT MUNICIPAL COMBUSTOR: Landfill Disposal In Eligibility Conditions B2. Annual Number Containers B3. Municipal Combustor Cost Estimated % wipes containing landfill ineligible solvents = 11% Estimated % printer disposable wipes generated " not dry" = 100% Estimated % non printer disposable wipes generated " not dry" = 50% 34 34 < Contnr gals $ 55 $ 55 < Avg $/ ton DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: B1. Annual Eligible Solvent Wipes 1144 1144 < Wipes/ contnr $ 5.50 $ 5.50 < Avg $/ drum SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals Printer> 1 Printing 17,050,706 2,237,036 19,287,742 14,909 1,956 16,865 $ 82,001 $ 10,758 $ 92,759 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 3,688,283 1,534,228 5,222,511 3,225 1,342 4,567 $ 17,738 $ 7,378 $ 25,116 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 5,046,501 1,223,989 6,270,490 4,413 1,070 5,483 $ 24,270 $ 5,886 $ 30,156 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 17,617,131 2,365,937 19,983,068 15,404 2,069 17,473 $ 84,725 $ 11,378 $ 96,103 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 11,175,962 666,528 11,842,489 9,772 583 10,355 $ 53,748 $ 3,205 $ 56,953 Non printer> 0 Electronics & Computers 4,057,776 2,944,176 7,001,952 3,548 2,574 6,123 $ 19,515 $ 14,159 $ 33,674 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 3,437,833 1,691,823 5,129,656 3,006 1,479 4,485 $ 16,533 $ 8,136 $ 24,670 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 5,967,077 391,685 6,358,762 5,218 342 5,560 $ 28,697 $ 1,884 $ 30,581 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 13,673,062 2,492,579 16,165,642 11,956 2,180 14,135 $ 65,757 $ 11,987 $ 77,744 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 8,648,444 1,327,236 9,975,680 7,562 1,161 8,723 $ 41,592 $ 6,383 $ 47,975 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 2,245,659 432,263 2,677,922 1,964 378 2,342 $ 10,800 $ 2,079 $ 12,879 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 46,973,682 102,352 47,076,034 41,074 89 41,163 $ 225,907 $ 492 $ 226,399 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 154,957 188,643 343,601 135 165 300 $ 745 $ 907 $ 1,652 Column totals = 139,737,074 17,598,476 157,335,550 122,187 15,388 137,575 $ 672,026 $ 84,635 $ 756,661 C. SAVINGS FOR DISPOSAL OF DISPOSABLE SPENT WIPES AT NON HAZ WASTE LANDFILL: Landfill Disposal Eligibility Conditions: C2. Annual Number Containers: C3. Non Haz Waste Landfill Cost C4. Avoided Dispsl Cost ( B1 C3 D3 A6) Estimated % spent wipes contaminated with landfill eligible solvents = 89% Estimated % printer disposable spent wipes generated " dry" = 0% Estimated % non printer disposable spent wipes generated " dry" = 50% 34 34 < Contnr gals $ 29 $ 29 < Avg $/ ton DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: C1. Annual Eligible Solvent Wipes 1144 1144 < Wipes/ contnr $ 2.90 $ 2.90 < Avg $/ drum SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals Printer> 1 Printing 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,157,762 $ 283,096 $ 2,440,859 Non printer> 2 Chemical & Allied Products 2,982,060 1,240,458 4,222,517 2,608 1,085 3,692 $ 7,562 $ 3,146 $ 10,707 $ 850,910 $ 353,956 $ 1,204,865 Non printer> 3 Plastics & Rubber 4,080,210 989,623 5,069,832 3,568 865 4,433 $ 10,346 $ 2,509 $ 12,856 $ 1,164,259 $ 282,382 $ 1,446,641 Non printer> 4 Fabricated Metal Products 14,243,846 1,912,913 16,156,759 12,455 1,673 14,128 $ 36,119 $ 4,851 $ 40,970 $ 4,064,381 $ 545,836 $ 4,610,217 Non printer> 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 9,036,016 538,902 9,574,919 7,901 471 8,372 $ 22,913 $ 1,367 $ 24,280 $ 2,578,363 $ 153,772 $ 2,732,135 Non printer> 6 Electronics & Computers 3,280,803 2,380,433 5,661,236 2,869 2,081 4,950 $ 8,319 $ 6,036 $ 14,356 $ 936,154 $ 679,240 $ 1,615,394 Non printer> 7 Transportation Eqpt 2,779,565 1,367,877 4,147,442 2,430 1,196 3,627 $ 7,048 $ 3,469 $ 10,517 $ 793,129 $ 390,314 $ 1,183,443 Non printer> 8 Furniture & Fixtures 4,824,516 316,686 5,141,202 4,219 277 4,495 $ 12,234 $ 803 $ 13,037 $ 1,376,642 $ 90,364 $ 1,467,006 Non printer> 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 11,054,978 2,015,306 13,070,284 9,667 1,762 11,429 $ 28,033 $ 5,110 $ 33,143 $ 3,154,460 $ 575,053 $ 3,729,513 Printer> 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,094,458 $ 167,961 $ 1,262,420 Printer> 11 Business services ( copy shops) 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 284,188 $ 54,703 $ 338,890 Non printer> 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 37,979,277 82,754 38,062,031 33,209 72 33,282 $ 96,307 $ 210 $ 96,517 $ 10,837,118 $ 23,613 $ 10,860,731 Non printer> 13 Military Bases 125,286 152,522 277,809 110 133 243 $ 318 $ 387 $ 704 $ 35,750 $ 43,521 $ 79,271 Column totals = 90,386,558 10,997,475 101,384,033 79,034 9,616 88,651 $ 229,200 $ 27,887 $ 257,087 $ 29,327,573 $ 3,643,812 $ 32,971,385 % of total disposable solvent wipes = 39% 38% 39%

Total C COMBUST + D LANDFILL = 230,123,632 28,595,951 258,719,583 201,221 25,004 226,225 $ 901,226 $ 112,522 $ 1,013,748 * Subtitle C hazardous waste incineration unit cost ($/ drum) is average for drummed halogen organics & drummed non halogen organics, from Sept 2000 national cost survey by Environmental Technology Council ( http:// www. etc. org/ costsurvey4. cfm). 157 Impact Element 8A ( continued)

Summary of Rates ( Tipping Fees) for Solid Waste Managed in Non Hazardous Waste Facilities in the USA Source: " Solid Waste Price Index" August 1997 regular posted gate rates ($/ ton), Solid Waste Digest, Vol. 7, Nr. 8., Aug 1997 Item State Incinerators ( Combustors) Landfills Nr. of facilities Intake TPD Minimum ($/ ton) Average ($/ ton) Maximum ($/ ton) Average as % above min in range Nr. of facilities Intake TPD Minimum ($/ ton) Average ($/ ton) Maximum ($/ ton) Average as % above min in range 1 AL 1 550 $ 39.90 $ 39.90 $ 39.90 11 15,680 $ 23.00 $ 28.66 $ 45.00 26% 2 AK 0 1 1,710 $ 27.21 $ 27.21 $ 27.21 3 AZ 0 5 12,300 $ 16.25 $ 20.22 $ 26.25 40% 4 AR 0 2 5,830 $ 20.50 $ 22.79 5 CA 4 4,590 $ 27.75 $ 35.75 $ 49.75 36% 41 124,330 $ 17.57 $ 28.40 $ 60.00 26% 6 CO 0 7 17,250 $ 13.83 7 CT 4 6,440 $ 51.00 $ 65.66 $ 84.00 44% 0 8 DE 0 2 2,130 $ 56.91 $ 58.50 9 FL 9 17,470 $ 23.00 $ 57.66 $ 79.00 62% 23 33,340 $ 23.00 $ 44.16 $ 84.15 35% 10 GA 0 11 28,920 $ 29.00 $ 30.05 $ 39.50 10% 11 HI 1 2,000 $ 55.25 $ 55.25 $ 55.25 0 12 ID 0 1 3,650 $ 24.44 $ 24.44 $ 24.44 13 IL 1 2,000 $ 56.75 $ 56.75 $ 56.75 21 46,780 $ 10.05 $ 29.80 $ 50.00 49% 14 IN 1 2,360 $ 25.00 $ 25.00 $ 25.00 15 32,020 $ 20.00 $ 27.91 $ 34.60 54% 15 IA 0 4 8,930 $ 29.00 $ 31.35 $ 35.00 39% 16 KS 0 6 11,660 $ 21.25 $ 24.75 $ 36.00 24% 17 KY 0 8 14,620 $ 25.00 $ 28.12 $ 33.00 39% 18 LA 0 7 10,800 $ 13.47 $ 20.85 $ 27.50 53% 19 ME 2 2,600 $ 40.00 $ 45.50 $ 55.00 37% 0 20 MD 2 4,100 $ 44.00 $ 56.19 $ 67.50 52% 4 9,370 $ 45.00 $ 49.95 $ 59.00 35% 21 MA 6 8,930 $ 50.00 $ 58.20 $ 76.00 32% 5 8,670 $ 35.00 $ 56.96 $ 110.00 29% 22 MI 2 4,970 $ 44.99 $ 59.51 15 28,990 $ 25.50 $ 31.39 $ 55.00 20% 23 MN 2 3,320 $ 60.00 $ 92.26 4 4,840 $ 52.00 $ 57.11 $ 70.63 27% 24 MS 0 4 7,200 $ 19.98 $ 22.29 $ 30.00 23% 25 MO 0 4 12,220 $ 18.50 $ 25.13 26 MT 0 2 2,960 $ 16.64 27 NE 0 2 6,410 $ 23.46 28 NV 0 3 11,660 $ 10.59 29 NH 1 900 $ 42.48 $ 42.48 $ 42.48 2 5,370 $ 50.00 $ 51.58 $ 56.00 26% 30 NJ 4 7,140 $ 72.75 $ 82.76 $ 101.32 35% 5 9,530 $ 49.50 $ 68.25 $ 94.01 42% 31 NM 0 4 8,600 $ 19.70 32 NY 8 15,330 $ 53.78 $ 67.72 $ 85.00 45% 11 24,820 $ 40.00 $ 89.40 33 NC 0 8 22,060 $ 25.00 $ 29.57 $ 37.00 38% 34 ND 0 1 2,000 $ 23.83 $ 23.83 $ 23.83 35 OH 2 2,790 $ 39.50 $ 39.50 $ 39.50 19 42,210 $ 20.00 $ 30.46 $ 47.50 38% 36 OK 1 1,370 $ 42.00 $ 42.00 $ 42.00 4 11,040 $ 19.81 37 OR 1 650 $ 67.23 $ 67.23 $ 67.23 5 11,700 $ 25.00 $ 27.86 $ 45.00 14% 38 PA 5 9,080 $ 56.00 $ 60.63 $ 69.00 36% 31 68,730 $ 26.00 $ 48.99 $ 100.00 31% 39 RI 0 1 3,490 $ 39.50 $ 39.50 $ 39.50 40 SC 1 820 $ 51.50 $ 51.50 $ 51.50 7 14,660 $ 20.00 $ 29.28 $ 47.00 34% 41 SD 0 1 1,930 $ 27.65 $ 27.65 $ 27.65 42 TN 1 1,330 $ 36.98 $ 36.98 $ 36.98 6 17,270 $ 26.50 $ 28.82 $ 34.65 28% Item State Incinerators ( Combustors) Landfills Nr. of facilities Intake TPD Minimum ($/ ton) Average ($/ ton) Maximum ($/ ton) Average as % above min in range Nr. of facilities Intake TPD Minimum ($/ ton) Average ($/ ton) Maximum ($/ ton) Average as % above min in range 158 43 TX 0 41 68,010 $ 15.00 $ 23.15 $ 56.00 20% 44 UT 0 5 18,000 $ 19.00 $ 28.31 $ 35.00 58% 45 VA 3 5,730 $ 25.00 $ 37.72 $ 45.05 63% 14 33,610 $ 28.50 $ 39.33 $ 53.00 44% 46 WA 1 1,710 $ 97.00 $ 97.00 $ 97.00 6 12,520 $ 20.66 $ 45.43 $ 80.00 42% 47 WV 0 1 5,430 $ 40.31 $ 40.31 $ 40.31 48 WI 0 15 21,690 $ 18.50 $ 32.51 $ 46.00 51%

Summary Statistics: Total = 63 106,180 395 864,940 Minimum= $ 23.00 $ 25.00 $ 25.00 32% $ 10.05 $ 10.59 $ 23.83 10%

Maximum= $ 97.00 $ 97.00 $ 101.32 63% $ 52.00 $ 89.40 $ 110.00 58%

Simple mean = $ 48.04 $ 54.72 $ 60.21 55% $ 26.60 $ 33.26 $ 49.12 30% TPD wgtd mean = $ 43.28 $ 58.39 $ 68.44 60% $ 27.58 $ 46.59 $ 56.51 66%

Median= $ 47.00 $ 55.25 $ 56.00 92% $ 24.72 $ 28.66 $ 45.00 19%

Median as % between min and max = 41% Median as % between min and max = 19%

Explanatory Notes: ( a) Note: This table excludes cost data for facilities with tip fees reported as ( a) $/ CY basis, ( b) " no charge" ( i. e. $ 0/ ton), and ( c) " unknown". ( b) Facility count in each column in this table represents all facilities listed in the source document, regardless of cost basis. ( c) TPD = tons per day; multiply by 250 days/ year ( 5 days/ week x 50 wks/ year), to 312 days/ year ( 6days/ week x 52 wks/ year), for annual tons. ( d) Solid Waste Digest publishing company Chartwell Information Publishers ( Alexandria VA) collected data by phone survey of facilities. Prices above represent commercial ( i. e. non residential) rates, and include any sales taxes, surcharges, state licensing fees, or permit fees. 159 Impact Elements 8B & 8C ESTIMATED COST TO INDUSTRIAL LAUNDRIES FOR DECANTING & MANAGING PERCOLATED SPENT SOLVENT " FREE LIQUIDS" FROM REUSABLE WIPES TRANSPORT CONTAINERS A. Annual Quantity of Percolated Spent Solvent " Free Liquids" Recovered from Transport Containers:

REUSABLE WIPES: A1. Annual nr. wipes laundered: A2. Nr. container equivalents: A3. Annual nr. containers w/ free liquids: A4. Annual gallons solvent free liquids: 960 960 < wipes/ contnr % containers free liquids SQGs LQGs Totals Gallons per 55 gal contnr SQGs LQGs Totals Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing 565,659,591 74,303,831 639,963,423 589,229 77,400 666,629 5.0% 29,461 3,870 33,331 3 88,384 11,610 99,994 2 Chemical & Allied Products 42,186,313 23,718,009 65,904,321 43,944 24,706 68,650 2.5% 1,099 618 1,716 1 1,099 618 1,716 3 Plastics & Rubber 57,707,802 18,928,159 76,635,961 60,112 19,717 79,829 2.5% 1,503 493 1,996 1 1,503 493 1,996 4 Fabricated Metal Products 201,522,873 36,600,626 238,123,499 209,920 38,126 248,045 2.5% 5,248 953 6,201 1 5,248 953 6,201 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 127,845,668 10,260,172 138,105,840 133,173 10,688 143,860 2.5% 3,329 267 3,597 1 3,329 267 3,597 6 Electronics & Computers 46,459,279 45,438,499 91,897,779 48,395 47,332 95,727 2.5% 1,210 1,183 2,393 1 1,210 1,183 2,393 7 Transportation Eqpt 39,297,004 26,121,783 65,418,787 40,934 27,210 68,145 2.5% 1,023 680 1,704 1 1,023 680 1,704 8 Furniture & Fixtures 68,269,281 6,043,292 74,312,573 71,114 6,295 77,409 2.5% 1,778 157 1,935 1 1,778 157 1,935 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 156,360,483 38,513,024 194,873,507 162,876 40,118 202,993 2.5% 4,072 1,003 5,075 1 4,072 1,003 5,075 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 286,768,691 43,841,615 330,610,306 298,717 45,668 344,386 5.0% 14,936 2,283 17,219 3 44,808 6,850 51,658 11 Business services ( copy shops) 74,581,196 14,233,053 88,814,248 77,689 14,826 92,515 5.0% 3,884 741 4,626 3 11,653 2,224 13,877 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 537,276,832 1,600,626 538,877,458 559,663 1,667 561,331 2.5% 13,992 42 14,033 1 13,992 42 14,033 13 Military Bases 1,778,937 2,887,726 4,666,663 1,853 3,008 4,861 2.5% 46 75 122 1 46 75 122 Subtotals = 2,205,713,949 342,490,416 2,548,204,365 2,297,619 356,761 2,654,380 3.5% 81,581 12,366 93,948 2.2 178,145 26,156 204,301 B. Annual Cost for Management of Decanted " Free Liquids": 55 gal container eqvlnts = 3,715 REUSABLE WIPES: B1. Cost of Haz Fuel Blending: B2. Cost of Non Haz Fuel Blending: B3. Cost of Haz Solvent Recovery: B4. Cost of Non haz Solvent Recovery: Tons eqvltn= 797 $ 0.91 $ 0.91 < $/ gal $ 0.29 $ 0.29 < $/ gal ($ 0.74) ($ 0.74) < $/ gal ($ 0.74) ($ 0.74) < $/ gal Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing $ 80,695 $ 10,600 $ 91,295 $ 25,190 $ 3,309 $ 28,498 ($ 65,345) ($ 8,584) ($ 73,929) ($ 65,345) ($ 8,584) ($ 73,929) 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 1,003 $ 564 $ 1,567 $ 313 $ 176 $ 489 ($ 812) ($ 457) ($ 1,269) ($ 812) ($ 457) ($ 1,269) 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 1,372 $ 450 $ 1,822 $ 428 $ 140 $ 569 ($ 1,111) ($ 364) ($ 1,476) ($ 1,111) ($ 364) ($ 1,476) 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 4,791 $ 870 $ 5,662 $ 1,496 $ 272 $ 1,767 ($ 3,880) ($ 705) ($ 4,585) ($ 3,880) ($ 705) ($ 4,585) 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 3,040 $ 244 $ 3,284 $ 949 $ 76 $ 1,025 ($ 2,461) ($ 198) ($ 2,659) ($ 2,461) ($ 198) ($ 2,659) 6 Electronics & Computers $ 1,105 $ 1,080 $ 2,185 $ 345 $ 337 $ 682 ($ 895) ($ 875) ($ 1,769) ($ 895) ($ 875) ($ 1,769) 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 934 $ 621 $ 1,555 $ 292 $ 194 $ 486 ($ 757) ($ 503) ($ 1,260) ($ 757) ($ 503) ($ 1,260) 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 1,623 $ 144 $ 1,767 $ 507 $ 45 $ 552 ($ 1,314) ($ 116) ($ 1,431) ($ 1,314) ($ 116) ($ 1,431) 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 3,718 $ 916 $ 4,633 $ 1,160 $ 286 $ 1,446 ($ 3,010) ($ 742) ($ 3,752) ($ 3,010) ($ 742) ($ 3,752) 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 40,909 $ 6,254 $ 47,164 $ 12,770 $ 1,952 $ 14,722 ($ 33,128) ($ 5,065) ($ 38,192) ($ 33,128) ($ 5,065) ($ 38,192) 11 Business services ( copy shops) $ 10,639 $ 2,030 $ 12,670 $ 3,321 $ 634 $ 3,955 ($ 8,616) ($ 1,644) ($ 10,260) ($ 8,616) ($ 1,644) ($ 10,260) 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 12,774 $ 38 $ 12,812 $ 3,988 $ 12 $ 3,999 ($ 10,344) ($ 31) ($ 10,375) ($ 10,344) ($ 31) ($ 10,375) 13 Military Bases $ 42 $ 69 $ 111 $ 13 $ 21 $ 35 ($ 34) ($ 56) ($ 90) ($ 34) ($ 56) ($ 90)

Subtotals = $ 162,646 $ 23,880 $ 186,526 $ 50,771 $ 7,454 $ 58,226 ($ 131,708) ($ 19,338) ($ 151,046) ($ 131,708) ($ 19,338) ($ 151,046)

C. Annual Labor Cost for Decanting Percolated " Free Liquids" From Transport Containers: REUSABLE WIPES: C1. Annual Labor Hours: C2. Annual Labor Cost: 5 5 < Minutes/ contr $ 15.47 $ 15.47 <$/ hour Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing 2,455 322 2,778 $ 37,977 $ 4,989 $ 42,966 2 Chemical & Allied Products 92 51 143 $ 1,416 $ 796 $ 2,212 3 Plastics & Rubber 125 41 166 $ 1,937 $ 635 $ 2,573 4 Fabricated Metal Products 437 79 517 $ 6,765 $ 1,229 $ 7,994 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 277 22 300 $ 4,292 $ 344 $ 4,636 6 Electronics & Computers 101 99 199 $ 1,560 $ 1,525 $ 3,085 7 Transportation Eqpt 85 57 142 $ 1,319 $ 877 $ 2,196 8 Furniture & Fixtures 148 13 161 $ 2,292 $ 203 $ 2,495 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 339 84 423 $ 5,249 $ 1,293 $ 6,542 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 1,245 190 1,435 $ 19,253 $ 2,943 $ 22,197 11 Business services ( copy shops) 324 62 385 $ 5,007 $ 956 $ 5,963 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 1,166 3 1,169 $ 18,036 $ 54 $ 18,090 13 Military Bases 4 6 10 $ 60 $ 97 $ 157 Subtotals = 6,798 1,031 7,829 $ 105,163 $ 15,941 $ 121,103 160 Impact Elements 8B & 8C ( continued)

ESTIMATED COST TO WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES FOR DECANTING & MANAGING PERCOLATED SPENT SOLVENT " FREE LIQUIDS" FROM DISPOSABLE WIPES TRANSPORT CONTAINERS A. Annual Quantity of Percolated Spent Solvent " Free Liquids" Recovered from Transport Containers:

DISPOSABLE WIPES: A1. Annual nr. wipes laundered: A2. Nr. container equivalents: A3. Annual nr. containers w/ free liquids: A4. Annual gallons solvent free liquids: 2,775 2,775 < wipes/ contnr % containers free liquids SQGs LQGs Totals Gallons per 55 gal contnr SQGs LQGs Totals Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing 17,050,706 2,237,036 19,287,742 17,761 2,330 20,091 5.0% 888 117 1,005 3 2,664 350 3,014 2 Chemical & Allied Products 6,670,343 2,774,685 9,445,028 6,948 2,890 9,839 2.5% 174 72 246 1 174 72 246 3 Plastics & Rubber 9,126,711 2,213,612 11,340,323 9,507 2,306 11,813 2.5% 238 58 295 1 238 58 295 4 Fabricated Metal Products 31,860,977 4,278,850 36,139,827 33,189 4,457 37,646 2.5% 830 111 941 1 830 111 941 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 20,211,978 1,205,430 21,417,408 21,054 1,256 22,310 2.5% 526 31 558 1 526 31 558 6 Electronics & Computers 7,338,580 5,324,609 12,663,188 7,644 5,546 13,191 2.5% 191 139 330 1 191 139 330 7 Transportation Eqpt 6,217,398 3,059,700 9,277,098 6,476 3,187 9,664 2.5% 162 80 242 1 162 80 242 8 Furniture & Fixtures 10,791,594 708,371 11,499,965 11,241 738 11,979 2.5% 281 18 299 1 281 18 299 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 24,728,040 4,507,886 29,235,926 25,758 4,696 30,454 2.5% 644 117 761 1 644 117 761 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 8,648,444 1,327,236 9,975,680 9,009 1,383 10,391 5.0% 450 69 520 3 1,351 207 1,559 11 Business services ( copy shops) 2,245,659 432,263 2,677,922 2,339 450 2,790 5.0% 117 23 139 3 351 68 418 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 84,952,959 185,106 85,138,065 88,493 193 88,685 2.5% 2,212 5 2,217 1 2,212 5 2,217 13 Military Bases 280,243 341,166 621,409 292 355 647 2.5% 7 9 16 1 7 9 16 Subtotals = 230,123,632 28,595,951 258,719,583 239,712 29,787 269,500 2.8% 6,721 849 7,569 1.4 9,631 1,265 10,897 B. Annual Cost for Management of Decanted " Free Liquids": 55 gal container eqvlnts = 198 DISPOSABLE WIPES: B1. Cost of Haz Fuel Blending: B2. Cost of Non Haz Fuel Blending: B3. Cost of Haz Solvent Recovery: B4. Cost of Non haz Solvent Recovery: Tons eqvltn= 42 $ 0.91 $ 0.91 < $/ gal $ 0.29 $ 0.29 < $/ gal ($ 0.74) ($ 0.74) < $/ gal ($ 0.74) ($ 0.74) < $/ gal Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing $ 2,432 $ 319 $ 2,752 $ 759 $ 100 $ 859 ($ 1,970) ($ 258) ($ 2,228) ($ 1,970) ($ 258) ($ 2,228) 2 Chemical & Allied Products $ 159 $ 66 $ 225 $ 50 $ 21 $ 70 ($ 128) ($ 53) ($ 182) ($ 128) ($ 53) ($ 182) 3 Plastics & Rubber $ 217 $ 53 $ 270 $ 68 $ 16 $ 84 ($ 176) ($ 43) ($ 218) ($ 176) ($ 43) ($ 218) 4 Fabricated Metal Products $ 758 $ 102 $ 859 $ 236 $ 32 $ 268 ($ 613) ($ 82) ($ 696) ($ 613) ($ 82) ($ 696) 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt $ 481 $ 29 $ 509 $ 150 $ 9 $ 159 ($ 389) ($ 23) ($ 412) ($ 389) ($ 23) ($ 412) 6 Electronics & Computers $ 174 $ 127 $ 301 $ 54 $ 40 $ 94 ($ 141) ($ 103) ($ 244) ($ 141) ($ 103) ($ 244) 7 Transportation Eqpt $ 148 $ 73 $ 221 $ 46 $ 23 $ 69 ($ 120) ($ 59) ($ 179) ($ 120) ($ 59) ($ 179) 8 Furniture & Fixtures $ 257 $ 17 $ 273 $ 80 $ 5 $ 85 ($ 208) ($ 14) ($ 221) ($ 208) ($ 14) ($ 221) 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) $ 588 $ 107 $ 695 $ 184 $ 33 $ 217 ($ 476) ($ 87) ($ 563) ($ 476) ($ 87) ($ 563) 10 Publishing ( printed matter) $ 1,234 $ 189 $ 1,423 $ 385 $ 59 $ 444 ($ 999) ($ 153) ($ 1,152) ($ 999) ($ 153) ($ 1,152) 11 Business services ( copy shops) $ 320 $ 62 $ 382 $ 100 $ 19 $ 119 ($ 259) ($ 50) ($ 309) ($ 259) ($ 50) ($ 309) 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance $ 2,020 $ 4 $ 2,024 $ 631 $ 1 $ 632 ($ 1,636) ($ 4) ($ 1,639) ($ 1,636) ($ 4) ($ 1,639) 13 Military Bases $ 7 $ 8 $ 15 $ 2 $ 3 $ 5 ($ 5) ($ 7) ($ 12) ($ 5) ($ 7) ($ 12)

Subtotals = $ 8,794 $ 1,155 $ 9,949 $ 2,745 $ 361 $ 3,106 ($ 7,121) ($ 935) ($ 8,056) ($ 7,121) ($ 935) ($ 8,056)

C. Annual Labor Cost for Decanting Percolated " Free Liquids" From Transport Containers: DISPOSABLE WIPES: C1. Annual Labor Hours: C2. Annual Labor Cost: 5 5 < Minutes/ drum $ 15.47 $ 15.47 <$/ hour Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing 74 10 84 $ 1,145 $ 150 $ 1,295 2 Chemical & Allied Products 14 6 20 $ 224 $ 93 $ 317 3 Plastics & Rubber 20 5 25 $ 306 $ 74 $ 381 4 Fabricated Metal Products 69 9 78 $ 1,070 $ 144 $ 1,213 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 44 3 46 $ 678 $ 40 $ 719 6 Electronics & Computers 16 12 27 $ 246 $ 179 $ 425 7 Transportation Eqpt 13 7 20 $ 209 $ 103 $ 311 8 Furniture & Fixtures 23 2 25 $ 362 $ 24 $ 386 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 54 10 63 $ 830 $ 151 $ 981 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 38 6 43 $ 581 $ 89 $ 670 11 Business services ( copy shops) 10 2 12 $ 151 $ 29 $ 180 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 184 0 185 $ 2,852 $ 6 $ 2,858 13 Military Bases 1 1 1 $ 9 $ 11 $ 21 Subtotals = 560 71 631 $ 8,663 $ 1,094 $ 9,757 161 Impact Element 8C ( continued)

Estimated Cost to Industrial Laundries for RCRA Manifest Transporting Decanted Spent Solvent " Free Liquids" From Transport Containers To Offsite RCRA Permitted Hazardous Waste Management Facilities Nr. haz waste truck pickups per year A. Free Liquids Truck Pickup Frequency at Laundry: B. RCRA Manifest Cost/ Year: C. " Free Liquids" Truck Pickup Cost/ Year: ( if truck as RCRA haz waste to TSDRF) A1. If SQG Laundry: A2. If LQG Laundry: SQG haz waste truck manifest cost/ year LQG haz waste truck manifest cost/ year Total $/ year % affected laundries Count of affected laundries Avg nr. free liquids drums per pickup Percent % affected laundries Count of affected laundries Avg nr. free liquids drums per pickup 200 miles < Avg truck OW trip $ 51.47 < Unit cost/ drum if SQG if LQG Total $ 192 $ 199 1 2% 6 3.1 60% 18 23 $ 1,167 $ 3,628 $ 4,795 $ 978 $ 21,765 $ 22,743 2 27% 103 4.5 40% 12 38 $ 39,674 $ 4,838 $ 44,512 $ 47,801 $ 47,021 $ 94,823 3 28% 109 6.6 0% 0 0 $ 63,012 $ 0 $ 63,012 $ 111,448 $ 0 $ 111,448 4 14% 55 9.2 0% 0 0 $ 42,008 $ 0 $ 42,008 $ 103,255 $ 0 $ 103,255 5 9% 36 11.2 0% 0 0 $ 35,007 $ 0 $ 35,007 $ 105,044 $ 0 $ 105,044 6 6% 24 13.6 0% 0 0 $ 28,006 $ 0 $ 28,006 $ 102,200 $ 0 $ 102,200 7 0% 0 0.0 0% 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 8 3% 12 18.6 0% 0 0 $ 18,670 $ 0 $ 18,670 $ 93,287 $ 0 $ 93,287 9 0% 0 0.0 0% 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 10 6% 24 23.3 0% 0 0 $ 46,676 $ 0 $ 46,676 $ 291,855 $ 0 $ 291,855 11 5% 18 26.0 0% 0 0 $ 38,508 $ 0 $ 38,508 $ 268,363 $ 0 $ 268,363 12 0% 0 0.0 0% 0 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Totals = 100% 389 21,842 100% 30 1,336 $ 312,728 $ 8,466 $ 321,194 $ 1,124,232 $ 68,786 $ 1,193,018 Apportionment of Manifest & Trucking Costs According to Wipes Geneator Industry: Item Sub Sector or Industry Gallons " free liquids" Manifest Haz Waste Trucking 1 Printing 99,994 48.9% $ 157,208 $ 583,919 2 Chemical & Allied Products 1,716 0.8% $ 2,698 $ 10,022 3 Plastics & Rubber 1,996 1.0% $ 3,138 $ 11,654 4 Fabricated Metal Products 6,201 3.0% $ 9,749 $ 36,212 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 3,597 1.8% $ 5,654 $ 21,002 6 Electronics & Computers 2,393 1.2% $ 3,762 $ 13,975 7 Transportation Eqpt 1,704 0.8% $ 2,678 $ 9,948 8 Furniture & Fixtures 1,935 0.9% $ 3,042 $ 11,301 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 5,075 2.5% $ 7,978 $ 29,635 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 51,658 25.3% $ 81,215 $ 301,657 11 Business services ( copy shops) 13,877 6.8% $ 21,817 $ 81,036 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 14,033 6.9% $ 22,063 $ 81,948 13 Military Bases 122 0.1% $ 191 $ 710 Column totals = 204,301 100.0% $ 321,194 $ 1,193,018 Tons/ year equivalent = 797 162 Impact Element 8C ( continued)

Sample of 145 Industrial Laundry Facilities Implied Spent Solvent " Free Liquid" Quantities & Implied Laundry RCRA Status if " Free Liquids" Are Regulated as RCRA Hazardous Waste Laundry facility survey count Nr. wipes containers laundered per year Nr. wipes containers w/ free liquids per year A. Annual Free Liquids: B. Monthly Free Liquids: C. Implied RCRA Subtitle C regulatory status D. Implied Maximum Free Liquids Accumulation: E. Implied nr. haz waste truck pickup manifests per year Gallons per year Pounds per year 55 gal drum eqvlnt per year Gallons per month Pounds per month 55 gal drum eqvlnt per month Gallons 55 gal drum eqvlnts Pounds Tons if 3.5%

1 66 2 5 40 0.1 0 3 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 2 70 2 5 42 0.1 0 3 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 3 93 3 7 56 0.1 1 5 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 4 145 5 11 87 0.2 1 7 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 5 184 7 14 110 0.3 1 9 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 6 218 8 17 131 0.3 1 11 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 7 274 10 21 165 0.4 2 14 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 8 341 12 26 205 0.5 2 17 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 9 394 14 30 236 0.6 3 20 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 10 396 14 30 238 0.6 3 20 0.0 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 11 433 15 33 260 0.6 3 22 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 12 470 17 36 282 0.7 3 24 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 13 474 17 36 285 0.7 3 24 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 14 492 17 38 296 0.7 3 25 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 15 513 18 40 308 0.7 3 26 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 16 524 19 40 315 0.7 3 26 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 17 629 22 48 377 0.9 4 31 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 18 647 23 50 389 0.9 4 32 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 19 712 25 55 427 1.0 5 36 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 20 724 26 56 435 1.0 5 36 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 21 728 26 56 437 1.0 5 36 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 22 736 26 57 442 1.0 5 37 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 23 743 26 57 446 1.0 5 37 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 24 746 26 57 448 1.0 5 37 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 25 768 27 59 461 1.1 5 38 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 26 826 29 64 496 1.2 5 41 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 27 930 33 72 558 1.3 6 47 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 28 1,002 35 77 602 1.4 6 50 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 29 1,012 36 78 608 1.4 6 51 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 30 1,047 37 81 629 1.5 7 52 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 31 1,098 39 85 659 1.5 7 55 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 32 1,100 39 85 660 1.5 7 55 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 33 1,104 39 85 663 1.5 7 55 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 34 1,151 41 89 691 1.6 7 58 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 35 1,154 41 89 693 1.6 7 58 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 36 1,231 44 95 739 1.7 8 62 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 37 1,238 44 95 743 1.7 8 62 0.1 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 38 1,294 46 100 777 1.8 8 65 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 39 1,344 48 103 807 1.9 9 67 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 40 1,368 48 105 822 1.9 9 68 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 41 1,381 49 106 829 1.9 9 69 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 42 1,399 50 108 840 2.0 9 70 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 Laundry facility survey count Nr. wipes containers laundered per year Nr. wipes containers w/ free liquids per year A. Annual Free Liquids: B. Monthly Free Liquids: C. Implied RCRA Subtitle C regulatory status D. Implied Maximum Free Liquids Accumulation: E. Implied nr. haz waste truck pickup manifests per year Gallons per year Pounds per year 55 gal drum eqvlnt per year Gallons per month Pounds per month 55 gal drum eqvlnt per month Gallons 55 gal drum eqvlnts Pounds Tons if 3.5%

163 43 1,403 50 108 842 2.0 9 70 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 44 1,410 50 109 847 2.0 9 71 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 45 1,505 53 116 903 2.1 10 75 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 46 1,569 56 121 942 2.2 10 78 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 47 1,599 57 123 960 2.2 10 80 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 48 1,644 58 127 987 2.3 11 82 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 49 1,696 60 131 1,018 2.4 11 85 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 50 1,768 63 136 1,062 2.5 11 88 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 51 1,803 64 139 1,082 2.5 12 90 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 52 1,922 68 148 1,154 2.7 12 96 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 53 1,943 69 150 1,166 2.7 12 97 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 54 1,993 71 153 1,197 2.8 13 100 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 55 2,031 72 156 1,219 2.8 13 102 0.2 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 56 2,164 77 167 1,299 3.0 14 108 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 57 2,166 77 167 1,301 3.0 14 108 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 58 2,537 90 195 1,523 3.6 16 127 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 59 2,565 91 197 1,540 3.6 16 128 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 60 2,640 93 203 1,585 3.7 17 132 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 61 2,644 94 203 1,587 3.7 17 132 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 62 2,732 97 210 1,640 3.8 18 137 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 63 2,737 97 211 1,643 3.8 18 137 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 64 2,866 101 221 1,721 4.0 18 143 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 65 2,892 102 223 1,736 4.0 19 145 0.3 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 66 3,105 110 239 1,864 4.3 20 155 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 67 3,261 115 251 1,958 4.6 21 163 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 68 3,512 124 270 2,108 4.9 23 176 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 69 3,516 124 271 2,111 4.9 23 176 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 70 3,648 129 281 2,190 5.1 23 182 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 71 3,672 130 283 2,204 5.1 24 184 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 72 3,747 133 288 2,249 5.2 24 187 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 73 3,854 136 297 2,314 5.4 25 193 0.4 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 74 3,963 140 305 2,379 5.5 25 198 0.5 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 75 4,234 150 326 2,542 5.9 27 212 0.5 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 76 4,324 153 333 2,596 6.1 28 216 0.5 CESQG NA NA NA NA 0 77 4,469 158 344 2,683 6.3 29 224 0.5 SQG 172 3 1,341 0.7 1 78 5,202 184 400 3,123 7.3 33 260 0.6 SQG 200 4 1,562 0.8 2 79 5,319 188 409 3,193 7.4 34 266 0.6 SQG 205 4 1,597 0.8 2 80 5,550 196 427 3,332 7.8 36 278 0.6 SQG 214 4 1,666 0.8 2 81 5,604 198 431 3,364 7.8 36 280 0.7 SQG 216 4 1,682 0.8 2 82 5,714 202 440 3,430 8.0 37 286 0.7 SQG 220 4 1,715 0.9 2 83 5,922 210 456 3,555 8.3 38 296 0.7 SQG 228 4 1,778 0.9 2 84 6,057 214 466 3,637 8.5 39 303 0.7 SQG 233 4 1,818 0.9 2 85 6,089 216 469 3,655 8.5 39 305 0.7 SQG 234 4 1,828 0.9 2 86 6,149 218 473 3,691 8.6 39 308 0.7 SQG 237 4 1,846 0.9 2 87 6,434 228 495 3,863 9.0 41 322 0.8 SQG 248 5 1,931 1.0 2 88 7,055 250 543 4,236 9.9 45 353 0.8 SQG 272 5 2,118 1.1 2 89 7,064 250 544 4,241 9.9 45 353 0.8 SQG 272 5 2,121 1.1 2 Laundry facility survey count Nr. wipes containers laundered per year Nr. wipes containers w/ free liquids per year A. Annual Free Liquids: B. Monthly Free Liquids: C. Implied RCRA Subtitle C regulatory status D. Implied Maximum Free Liquids Accumulation: E. Implied nr. haz waste truck pickup manifests per year Gallons per year Pounds per year 55 gal drum eqvlnt per year Gallons per month Pounds per month 55 gal drum eqvlnt per month Gallons 55 gal drum eqvlnts Pounds Tons if 3.5%

164 90 7,201 255 554 4,323 10.1 46 360 0.8 SQG 277 5 2,161 1.1 2 91 7,206 255 555 4,326 10.1 46 361 0.8 SQG 277 5 2,163 1.1 2 92 7,374 261 568 4,427 10.3 47 369 0.9 SQG 284 5 2,214 1.1 2 93 7,390 262 569 4,436 10.3 47 370 0.9 SQG 284 5 2,218 1.1 2 94 7,866 278 605 4,722 11.0 50 394 0.9 SQG 303 6 2,361 1.2 2 95 8,335 295 642 5,004 11.7 53 417 1.0 SQG 321 6 2,502 1.3 3 96 8,421 298 648 5,056 11.8 54 421 1.0 SQG 324 6 2,528 1.3 3 97 8,422 298 648 5,056 11.8 54 421 1.0 SQG 324 6 2,528 1.3 3 98 8,463 300 651 5,081 11.8 54 423 1.0 SQG 326 6 2,540 1.3 3 99 8,679 307 668 5,210 12.1 56 434 1.0 SQG 334 6 2,605 1.3 3 100 8,708 308 670 5,228 12.2 56 436 1.0 SQG 335 6 2,614 1.3 3 101 8,798 311 677 5,282 12.3 56 440 1.0 SQG 339 6 2,641 1.3 3 102 9,104 322 701 5,465 12.7 58 455 1.1 SQG 350 6 2,733 1.4 3 103 9,298 329 716 5,582 13.0 60 465 1.1 SQG 358 7 2,791 1.4 3 104 9,437 334 726 5,665 13.2 61 472 1.1 SQG 363 7 2,833 1.4 3 105 9,714 344 748 5,832 13.6 62 486 1.1 SQG 374 7 2,916 1.5 3 106 9,752 345 751 5,855 13.6 63 488 1.1 SQG 375 7 2,927 1.5 3 107 9,887 350 761 5,936 13.8 63 495 1.2 SQG 380 7 2,968 1.5 3 108 9,934 352 765 5,964 13.9 64 497 1.2 SQG 382 7 2,982 1.5 3 109 10,139 359 780 6,087 14.2 65 507 1.2 SQG 390 7 3,044 1.5 3 110 10,143 359 781 6,089 14.2 65 507 1.2 SQG 390 7 3,045 1.5 3 111 11,176 396 860 6,710 15.6 72 559 1.3 SQG 430 8 3,355 1.7 3 112 11,317 401 871 6,794 15.8 73 566 1.3 SQG 436 8 3,397 1.7 3 113 11,678 413 899 7,011 16.3 75 584 1.4 SQG 449 8 3,506 1.8 4 114 12,113 429 932 7,272 17.0 78 606 1.4 SQG 466 8 3,636 1.8 4 115 12,351 437 951 7,415 17.3 79 618 1.4 SQG 475 9 3,707 1.9 4 116 12,716 450 979 7,634 17.8 82 636 1.5 SQG 489 9 3,817 1.9 4 117 12,872 456 991 7,728 18.0 83 644 1.5 SQG 495 9 3,864 1.9 4 118 13,165 466 1,013 7,904 18.4 84 659 1.5 SQG 507 9 3,952 2.0 4 119 14,229 504 1,095 8,542 19.9 91 712 1.7 SQG 548 10 4,271 2.1 4 120 14,277 505 1,099 8,571 20.0 92 714 1.7 SQG 549 10 4,285 2.1 4 121 14,537 514 1,119 8,727 20.3 93 727 1.7 SQG 559 10 4,363 2.2 4 122 15,072 533 1,160 9,048 21.1 97 754 1.8 SQG 580 11 4,524 2.3 5 123 15,497 548 1,193 9,304 21.7 99 775 1.8 SQG 596 11 4,652 2.3 5 124 15,980 566 1,230 9,593 22.4 102 799 1.9 SQG 615 11 4,797 2.4 5 125 16,278 576 1,253 9,772 22.8 104 814 1.9 SQG 626 11 4,886 2.4 5 126 16,431 582 1,265 9,864 23.0 105 822 1.9 SQG 632 11 4,932 2.5 5 127 16,727 592 1,287 10,042 23.4 107 837 2.0 SQG 644 12 5,021 2.5 5 128 18,487 654 1,423 11,099 25.9 119 925 2.2 SQG 711 13 5,549 2.8 6 129 18,885 668 1,454 11,338 26.4 121 945 2.2 SQG 727 13 5,669 2.8 6 130 19,895 704 1,531 11,944 27.8 128 995 2.3 SQG 766 14 5,972 3.0 6 131 20,555 728 1,582 12,340 28.8 132 1,028 2.4 SQG 791 14 6,170 3.1 6 132 26,637 943 2,050 15,991 37.3 171 1,333 3.1 SQG 1,025 19 7,996 4.0 8 133 26,640 943 2,050 15,993 37.3 171 1,333 3.1 SQG 1,025 19 7,997 4.0 8 134 32,239 1,141 2,481 19,354 45.1 207 1,613 3.8 SQG 1,241 23 9,677 4.8 10 135 32,697 1,157 2,517 19,630 45.8 210 1,636 3.8 SQG 1,258 23 9,815 4.9 10 136 34,021 1,204 2,619 20,425 47.6 218 1,702 4.0 SQG 1,309 24 10,212 5.1 10 Laundry facility survey count Nr. wipes containers laundered per year Nr. wipes containers w/ free liquids per year A. Annual Free Liquids: B. Monthly Free Liquids: C. Implied RCRA Subtitle C regulatory status D. Implied Maximum Free Liquids Accumulation: E. Implied nr. haz waste truck pickup manifests per year Gallons per year Pounds per year 55 gal drum eqvlnt per year Gallons per month Pounds per month 55 gal drum eqvlnt per month Gallons 55 gal drum eqvlnts Pounds Tons if 3.5%

165 137 34,385 1,217 2,647 20,643 48.1 221 1,720 4.0 SQG 1,323 24 10,321 5.2 10 138 35,895 1,270 2,763 21,549 50.2 230 1,796 4.2 SQG 1,381 25 10,775 5.4 11 139 37,380 1,323 2,877 22,441 52.3 240 1,870 4.4 SQG 1,439 26 11,220 5.6 11 140 38,188 1,352 2,939 22,926 53.4 245 1,911 4.5 SQG 1,470 27 11,463 5.7 11 141 54,993 1,946 4,233 33,015 77.0 353 2,751 6.4 LQG 1,058 19 8,254 4.1 1 142 67,550 2,391 5,199 40,553 94.5 433 3,379 7.9 LQG 1,300 24 10,138 5.1 1 143 76,336 2,702 5,875 45,828 106.8 490 3,819 8.9 LQG 1,469 27 11,457 5.7 1 144 97,544 3,452 7,508 58,560 136.5 626 4,880 11.4 LQG 1,877 34 14,640 7.3 2 145 117,286 4,151 9,027 70,412 164.1 752 5,868 13.7 LQG 2,257 41 17,603 8.8 2 Totals = 1,407,193 49,805 108,308 844,802 1,969 9,026 70,400 164 Reference benchmark = 204,301 Sample subtotal as % of benchmark = 53% 166 Impact Element 8C ( continued)

Profile of Industrial Laundries According to Monthly Quantity of " Free Liquids" Which May be Recovered from Spent Reusable Wipes Transport Containers: Based on Business Operating Characteristics for a Sample of 145 Industrial Laundries in Prior Table Source: USEPA Office of Water, 1994 Section 308 National Survey Sample, EPA 821 R 00 004, March 2000 If Exected " Free Liquid" Monthly Quantity = SQG If Expected " Free Liquid" Monthly Quantity = LQG Annual Number of RCRA Manifests & Truck Pickups If SQG Count of Sample Facilities Annual Number of RCRA Manifests & Truck Pickups If LQG Count of Sample Facilities 1 2% 1 1 60% 3 2 27% 17 2 40% 2 3 28% 18 3 0% 0 4 14% 9 4 0% 0 5 9% 6 5 0% 0 6 6% 4 6 0% 0 7 0% 0 7 0% 0 8 3% 2 8 0% 0 9 0% 0 9 0% 0 10 6% 4 10 0% 0 11 5% 3 11 0% 0 > 11 0% 0 > 11 0% 0 Checksum = 100% 64 Checksum = 100% 5 Note: The remainder 76 facilities in the 145 sample are estimated to likely be classified as RCRA CESQG monthly quantity facilities. 167 Impact Elements 9A & 10A Estimate of Average Annual Cost for Compliance With the 40 CFR 261.2( f) RCRA Exclusion Documentation Requirement Item Economic Sub Sector or Industry A B C D E ( B x D x $ uc) F ( C x D x $ uc) E + F G Count of Potentially Affected ( Eligible) Facilities Assumed % of facilities which may be subject to RCRA inspections** Average Annual Cost***

Total facilities Reusable wipes facilities Disposable wipes facilities Reusable wipes facilities Disposable wipes facilities Total facilities ( Reusables + Disposables) Cost to EPA for inspection personnel 1 Printing 31,177 28,989 2,188 0.06% $ 1,826 $ 138 $ 1,964 $ 4,489 2 Chemical & Allied Products 1,907 1,735 171 15.0% $ 27,334 $ 2,698 $ 30,033 $ 68,646 3 Plastics & Rubber 2,438 2,216 222 0.06% $ 140 $ 14 $ 154 $ 351 4 Fabricated Metal Products 8,552 7,769 783 0.06% $ 489 $ 49 $ 539 $ 1,232 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 4,122 3,742 380 0.06% $ 236 $ 24 $ 260 $ 594 6 Electronics & Computers 956 872 84 0.06% $ 55 $ 5 $ 60 $ 138 7 Transportation Eqpt 1,955 1,780 175 0.06% $ 112 $ 11 $ 123 $ 281 8 Furniture & Fixtures 2,796 2,539 257 0.06% $ 160 $ 16 $ 176 $ 403 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 7,001 6,362 639 0.06% $ 401 $ 40 $ 441 $ 1,008 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 17,695 16,453 1,242 0.06% $ 1,037 $ 78 $ 1,115 $ 2,548 11 Business services ( copy shops) 4,803 4,466 337 0.06% $ 281 $ 21 $ 303 $ 692 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 23,537 21,360 2,177 0.06% $ 1,346 $ 137 $ 1,483 $ 3,389 13 Military Bases 86 79 7 0.06% $ 5 $ 0 $ 5 $ 12 Sub total spent wipes generators = 107,025 98,362 8,663 $ 33,422 $ 3,233 $ 36,655 $ 83,783 14 Industrial Laundries 881 881 0 0.4% $ 370 $ 0 $ 370 $ 846 15 Solid Waste Management Facilities 7,238 0 7,238 20% $ 0 $ 151,988 $ 151,988 $ 347,400 Column totals (" most likely") = 115,144 99,243 15,900 $ 33,792 $ 155,221 $ 189,013 $ 432,029 Explanatory Notes: ( a) * $ uc= unit cost: Average of $ 105 per facility unit cost assigned ( year 2000$), based on Office of Solid Waste, Economics, Methods & Risk Analysis Division ( EMRAD) " Unit Cost Compendium", 30 Sept 2000, page 1 ( cost item nr. 4  waste stream notification one time cost). This unit cost represents labor cost for facility personnel either: ! To retrieve existing business records to serve as documentation, or ! To generate and retrieve other type of documentation, for presentation to inspector. EPA cost estimated at $ 240 per RCRA authority inspection ( OSW EMRAD judgement), representing $ 80/ hour average loaded wage rate for three hours per site ( travel & inspection). ( b) ** Inspection: Assumed inspection fractions ( percentages) applied in this table based on annual inspection statistics provided in USEPA Office of Enforcement & Compliance Assurance, " Annual Report on Enforcement & Compliance Assurance Accomplishments in 1999", EPA 300 R 00 005, July 2000, according to the following sector based computations: ! Item 2 chemical & allied products based on OECA report data page A 8 for " Industrial Organics & Chemical Preparations": [( 3,000 inspections FY99) x ( 17% RCRA inspections from p. 9)] / ( 3,387 total OECA subject facilities) = 15% ! Item 15 based on OECA report data page A 5 for " Dry cleaning": [( 111 inspections FY95) x ( 78% RCRA inspections)] / ( 22,330 dry cleaning plants 1997 Economic Census) = 0.4% ! Item 16: solid waste facilities based on OECA report data page 10: ( 3,100 RCRA TSDF universe FY99) x ( 63% inspected FY99) = 1,953 inspections. ( 1,953 inspections) / ( 9,650 solid waste management facilities from 1997 Economic Census) = 20% ! All other items based on OECA report data page A 1 for " Automotive Service & Repair Sector"): [( 1,749 inspections FY99) x ( 17% RCRA inspections from p. 9)] / ( 500,000 service shops) = 0.06% c) *** Annual cost: The paperwork burden cost estimated in this table represents a hypothetical average annual cost, rather than a one time cost ( e. g. cost which only occurs in the first year after implementation of the rule). Annual cost represents the regulatory mechanism for documentation in 40 CFR 261.2( f), which specifies that documentation must be provided by: " Respondents [ i. e. owners or operators of facilities] in actions to enforce regulations implementing Subtitle C of RCRA who raise a claim that a certain material is not a solid waste, or is conditionally exempt from regulation..." 168 Impact Element 9B AVOIDED RCRA ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS TO WIPES USING SQGs WHICH MAY BECOME CESQGs: DISPOSABLE INDUSTRIAL WIPES: A. Number of solvent wipes facilities: B. Number of SQGs which change status D. Avoided annual RCRA admin cost:

1.7% 0% $ 5,435 <$/ facility/ yr Item Sub sector SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals SQGs LQGs Totals 1 Printing 2,158 NA 2,158 37 NA 37 $ 199,390 NA $ 199,390 2 Chemical & Allied Products 155 NA 155 3 NA 3 $ 14,354 NA $ 14,354 3 Plastics & Rubber 209 NA 209 4 NA 4 $ 19,314 NA $ 19,314 4 Fabricated Metal Products 758 NA 758 13 NA 13 $ 70,041 NA $ 70,041 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 374 NA 374 6 NA 6 $ 34,567 NA $ 34,567 6 Electronics & Computers 72 NA 72 1 NA 1 $ 6,613 NA $ 6,613 7 Transportation Eqpt 156 NA 156 3 NA 3 $ 14,402 NA $ 14,402 8 Furniture & Fixtures 253 NA 253 4 NA 4 $ 23,404 NA $ 23,404 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 611 NA 611 10 NA 10 $ 56,497 NA $ 56,497 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 1,222 NA 1,222 21 NA 21 $ 112,914 NA $ 112,914 11 Business services ( copy shops) 330 NA 330 6 NA 6 $ 30,525 NA $ 30,525 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 2,176 NA 2,176 37 NA 37 $ 201,061 NA $ 201,061 13 Military Bases 6 NA 6 0 NA 0 $ 529 NA $ 529 Subtotals = 8,481 NA 8,481 144 NA 144 $ 783,612 NA $ 783,612 169 Impact Element 10B State Hazardous Waste Taxes & Fees Item State A. Annual Haz Waste Quantities: B. State Haz Waste Taxes/ Fees: C. State Non Haz Waste Taxes/ Fees:

Land disposal ( 1993 NHWCS tons) Incineration ( 1993 NHWCS tons) Haz waste generation: ( source: 1999 BRS data) Land disposal ($/ ton) Combustion ($/ ton) Haz waste generator fee:

Land disposal ($/ ton) Incineration ($/ ton) Solid waste generator fee ($/ year) ($/ ton) ($/ year) ( 1999 tons) ( Count LQGs)

1 AL 117,282 54,629 491,178 274 $ 51.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 21.00 $ 0 $ 0 2 AK 0 0 1,335 42 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 3 AZ 0 0 39,016 193 $ 40.00 $ 2.00 $ 10.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 4 AR 640,619 92,320 970,995 241 $ 11.00 $ 3,000 $ 0 $ 550 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 5 CA 92,643 37,090 427,302 1,850 $ 45.13 $ 5.58 $ 0 $ 7,000 $ 18.22 $ 5.58 $ 0 6 CO 57,412 0 49,190 163 $ 4.40 $ 4.40 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2.00 $ 2.00 $ 0 7 CT 0 5,788 92,201 391 $ 15.00 $ 15.00 $ 9.60 $ 0 $ 0.50 $ 0 $ 0 8 DE 0 0 26,071 76 $ 21.00 $ 4.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 9 DC 0 0 1,167 30 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 10 FL 0 0 272,387 366 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 11 GA 0 32,080 209,206 384 $ 20.00 $ 20.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 12 HW 0 0 1,456 37 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 13 ID 571,197 0 851,764 38 $ 30.00 $ 30.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 14 IL 373,006 29,866 2,907,327 1,006 $ 61.00 $ 20.00 $ 0 $ 250 $ 0.95 $ 0 $ 0 15 IN 591,942 212,129 984,895 586 $ 11.50 $ 11.50 $ 0 $ 1,200 $ 0 $ 0 $ 600 16 IA 0 0 46,828 188 $ 50.00 $ 10.00 $ 10.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 17 KS 1,338,813 89,653 1,594,119 224 $ 10.00 $ 20.00 $ 0 $ 1,650 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 18 KY 0 115,092 214,842 340 $ 24.10 $ 12.05 $ 10.50 $ 300 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 19 LA 3,684,421 188,151 4,351,245 440 $ 85.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 384 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 20 ME 0 0 4,374 102 $ 40.00 $ 30.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 21 MD 0 0 80,256 289 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 22 MA 0 0 1,191,465 448 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1.00 $ 0 $ 0 23 MI 213,989 143,083 1,385,375 823 $ 10.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 24 MN 0 14,162 56,573 262 $ 77.11 $ 19.28 $ 0 $ 50 $ 0.45 $ 0 $ 0 25 MS 1,497,900 4,658 1,598,642 136 $ 10.00 $ 2.00 $ 0 $ 1,260 $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 0 26 MO 7,090 416,686 158,682 312 $ 25.00 $ 1.00 $ 1.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 27 MT 0 0 23,986 30 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 800 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 28 NE 0 0 43,224 85 $ 22.40 $ 1.92 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 29 NV 71,281 0 11,473 102 $ 40.20 $ 17.75 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 30 NH 0 0 11,082 168 $ 60.00 $ 60.00 $ 0 $ 600 $ 1.00 $ 0 $ 0 31 NJ 46,780 22,797 650,534 1,071 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,200 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 32 NM 0 0 238,558 41 $ 0 $ 0 $ 20.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 33 NY 107,726 88,575 548,928 2,647 $ 27.00 $ 9.00 $ 0 $ 6,350 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 34 NC 0 0 74,757 508 $ 1.75 $ 1.75 $ 0 $ 2,500 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 35 ND 0 0 2,675 16 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 36 OH 830,429 162,828 1,644,029 1,181 $ 9.00 $ 2.00 $ 0 $ 500 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 37 OK 88,269 0 417,460 147 $ 9.00 $ 9.00 $ 0 $ 250 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 38 OR 107,641 0 81,270 208 $ 135.00 $ 90.00 $ 0 $ 525 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 39 PA 38,971 94,487 417,477 965 $ 12.00 $ 5.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3.00 $ 0 $ 0 40 RI 0 0 37,622 145 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 41 SC 73,799 67,398 14,761 347 $ 34.00 $ 10.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 13.70 $ 10.00 $ 0 42 SD 0 0 1,074 21 $ 50.00 $ 50.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 43 TN 11,021 190,970 2,218,753 396 $ 5.00 $ 2.50 $ 0 $ 900 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 44 TX 8,061,824 1,894,789 14,923,520 907 $ 30.00 $ 16.00 $ 0 $ 2,500 $ 1.45 $ 0 $ 500 Item State A. Annual Haz Waste Quantities: B. State Haz Waste Taxes/ Fees: C. State Non Haz Waste Taxes/ Fees:

Land disposal ( 1993 NHWCS tons) Incineration ( 1993 NHWCS tons) Haz waste generation: ( source: 1999 BRS data) Land disposal ($/ ton) Combustion ($/ ton) Haz waste generator fee:

Land disposal ($/ ton) Incineration ($/ ton) Solid waste generator fee ($/ year) ($/ ton) ($/ year) ( 1999 tons) ( Count LQGs)

170 45 UT 43,338 3,246 80,427 91 $ 28.00 $ 9.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2.50 $ 2.50 $ 0 46 VT 0 0 5,275 65 $ 112.00 $ 56.00 $ 0 $ 0 $ 6.00 $ 0 $ 0 47 VA 0 40,368 121,787 332 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 48 WA 0 0 91,245 545 $ 0 $ 0 $ 12.90 $ 0 $ 8.03 $ 8.03 $ 0 49 WV 28,627 18,877 92,503 139 $ 35.29 $ 26.47 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 50 WI 0 9,496 159,174 540 $ 0.15 $ 0.15 $ 12.83 $ 125 $ 0.30 $ 0 $ 0 51 WY 0 0 4,746 22 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 Column totals = 18,696,022 4,029,218 39,924,231 19,960 Count of states with tax rate > $ 0 = 37 34 8 20 16 6 2 Mean tax rate ($/ ton) = $ 25 $ 70 $ 1.70 $ 567 $ 1.59 $ 0.57 $ 22 Tons weighted mean tax rate ($/ ton) = $ 37 $ 79 $ 0.30 $ 1,893 $ 1.02 $ 0.22 $ 40 Median tax rate ($/ ton) = $ 12 $ 4 $ 0.00 $ 0 $ 0.00 $ 0.00 $ 0 Max tax rate ($/ ton) = $ 135 $ 3,000 $ 20 $ 7,000 $ 21.00 $ 10.00 $ 600 Explanatory Notes: ! State solid & hazardous waste fees/ taxes data sources:  Hilary Sigman, Journal of Environmental Economics & Management, Vol. 30, pp. 199 217, 1996 ( based on chlorinated solvent taxes).  J. Andrew Hoerner, State Tax Notes ( journal), Vol. 14, No. 16, 20 April 1998, Tables 4 & 5.  " State Taxes and Fees" ( hazardous waste), HTRW Center of Expertise Information  TSDF, US Army Corps of Engineers:  http:// www. environmental. usace. army. mil/ library/ pubs/ tsdf/ sec8 2/ sec8 2. html ! Limitations of This Data Table:  This table does not differentiate & include special categories of waste taxes ( batteries, tires, used oil, acutely toxic, out of state wastes).  This table does not include indirect taxes and other tax provisions related to solid waste ( e. g. bottle deposit).  Municipalities and counties in some states have waste management fees, which are not included in this table. ! NHWCS = EPA OSW " National Hazardous Waste Constituent Survey" database ( 1993 base). ! Land disposal = represents M11x or M13x BRS system type codes managed ( but not necessarily generated) in state. ! Incineration = represents M04x or M05x or M06x BRS system type codes managed ( but not necessarily generated) in state. ! BRS = USEPA Office of Solid Waste " Biennial Reporting System" for RCRA hazardous waste handlers. 171 Impact Element 10B ( continued)

Estimate of Potential Cost Savings to Industrial Wipes Users/ Handlers for State Waste Fees Avoided A. State Annual Fees for Waste Generators: Tons weighted national average annual fee per generator facility> $ 40 $ 40 $ 1,893 $ 1,893 Item Industry/ Sub Sector 2001 Count of Facilities ( SQGs+ LQGs) Annual Cost as Solid Waste Generators: Annual Cost as Haz Waste Generators: Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals 1 Printing 28,989 2,188 31,177 $ 1,169,287 $ 88,257 $ 1,257,544 $ 54,867,692 $ 4,141,400 $ 59,009,092 2 Chemical & Allied Products 1,735 171 1,907 $ 70,003 $ 6,911 $ 76,913 $ 3,284,803 $ 324,282 $ 3,609,084 3 Plastics & Rubber 2,216 222 2,438 $ 89,404 $ 8,937 $ 98,341 $ 4,195,189 $ 419,379 $ 4,614,568 4 Fabricated Metal Products 7,769 783 8,552 $ 313,363 $ 31,592 $ 344,955 $ 14,704,272 $ 1,482,403 $ 16,186,675 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 3,742 380 4,122 $ 150,947 $ 15,312 $ 166,259 $ 7,083,063 $ 718,479 $ 7,801,542 6 Electronics & Computers 872 84 956 $ 35,153 $ 3,403 $ 38,556 $ 1,649,510 $ 159,676 $ 1,809,186 7 Transportation Eqpt 1,780 175 1,955 $ 71,793 $ 7,051 $ 78,845 $ 3,368,840 $ 330,878 $ 3,699,717 8 Furniture & Fixtures 2,539 257 2,796 $ 102,403 $ 10,382 $ 112,785 $ 4,805,177 $ 487,173 $ 5,292,350 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 6,362 639 7,001 $ 256,633 $ 25,774 $ 282,407 $ 12,042,256 $ 1,209,438 $ 13,251,694 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 16,453 1,242 17,695 $ 663,659 $ 50,093 $ 713,752 $ 31,141,591 $ 2,350,560 $ 33,492,151 11 Business services ( copy shops) 4,466 337 4,803 $ 180,123 $ 13,596 $ 193,719 $ 8,452,099 $ 637,962 $ 9,090,062 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 21,360 2,177 23,537 $ 861,550 $ 87,819 $ 949,369 $ 40,427,430 $ 4,120,832 $ 44,548,262 13 Military Bases 79 7 86 $ 3,175 $ 300 $ 3,475 $ 148,998 $ 14,061 $ 163,058 Total generators = 98,362 8,663 107,025 $ 3,967,493 $ 349,427 $ 4,316,919 $ 186,170,919 $ 16,396,521 $ 202,567,439 14 Industrial laundries 881 0 881 $ 35,546 $ 0 $ 35,546 $ 1,667,954 $ 0 $ 1,667,954 15 Solid waste management 0 7,238 7,238 $ 0 $ 291,929 $ 291,929 $ 0 $ 13,698,517 $ 13,698,517 Grand total = 99,243 15,900 115,144 $ 4,003,039 $ 641,356 $ 4,644,395 $ 187,838,873 $ 30,095,038 $ 217,933,910 B. Fees for NonHW Landfill: C. Fees for NonHW Combustion: Tons weighted national average fee per ton > $ 1.02 89% $ 0.22 $ 0.22 11%

Item Industry/ Sub Sector 2001 Spent Wipes Tons ( SQGs+ LQGs) Annual Cost as Solid Waste Generators: 20% Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals Reusables Disposables Totals 1 Printing 36,362 521 36,883 $ 0 $ 474 $ 474 $ 1,613 $ 12 $ 1,625 2 Chemical & Allied Products 3,745 255 4,000 $ 0 $ 232 $ 232 $ 166 $ 6 $ 172 3 Plastics & Rubber 4,354 306 4,661 $ 0 $ 279 $ 279 $ 193 $ 7 $ 200 4 Fabricated Metal Products 13,530 977 14,506 $ 0 $ 888 $ 888 $ 600 $ 23 $ 623 5 Industrial Machinery & Eqpt 7,847 579 8,426 $ 0 $ 526 $ 526 $ 348 $ 14 $ 362 6 Electronics & Computers 5,221 342 5,564 $ 0 $ 311 $ 311 $ 232 $ 8 $ 240 7 Transportation Eqpt 3,717 251 3,968 $ 0 $ 228 $ 228 $ 165 $ 6 $ 171 8 Furniture & Fixtures 4,222 311 4,533 $ 0 $ 283 $ 283 $ 187 $ 7 $ 195 9 Auto Dealers ( retail trade) 11,072 790 11,863 $ 0 $ 719 $ 719 $ 491 $ 19 $ 510 10 Publishing ( printed matter) 18,785 270 19,054 $ 0 $ 245 $ 245 $ 833 $ 6 $ 840 11 Business services ( copy shops) 5,046 72 5,119 $ 0 $ 66 $ 66 $ 224 $ 2 $ 226 12 Auto Repair & Maintenance 30,618 2,301 32,919 $ 0 $ 2,093 $ 2,093 $ 1,358 $ 54 $ 1,412 13 Military Bases 265 17 282 $ 0 $ 15 $ 15 $ 12 $ 0 $ 12 Total generators = 144,784 6,992 151,777 $ 0 $ 6,360 $ 6,360 $ 6,423 $ 164 $ 6,587 14 Industrial laundries 144,784 0 144,784 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 6,423 $ 0 $ 6,423 15 Solid waste management 0 6,992 6,992 $ 0 $ 6,360 $ 6,360 $ 0 $ 164 $ 164 Grand total = 144,784 13,985 158,769 $ 0 $ 12,720 $ 12,720 $ 6,423 $ 328 $ 6,751 12 " Cachet" = a seal or mark used especially to designate official approval; an indication of approval carrying great prestige; a characteristic feature or quality conferring prestige; cachet in its positive set of connotations is the opposite of " stigma" = a scar left by a hot iron; a mark of shame or discredit; stain; an identifying mark or characteristic; a specific diagnostic sign of disease. ( source: Merrian Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th edition, 1996). Stigma may reduce the economic value of a place or product to levels below what one would expect when one takes into account the health/ safety risk associated with it. There are also mechanisms which may contribute to the social amplification of stigma such as mass media reports, litigation, and increased regulation of an industry ( Flynn, et al., 2001, p. 335).

13 This 5% to 10% average value loss is based on two cases of empirical findings on environmental induced product and property loss, respectively, summarized in James Flynn, Paul Slovic, & Howard Kunreuther, Risk, Media, and Stigma: Understanding Public Challenges to Modern Science and Technology, Earthscan Publications Ltd., London, 2001, 416 pp. Economic loss from hazardous chemical/ material contamination stigma is basically defined and measured as the difference in the market value of non contaminated product or property, compared to the market value of comparable but contaminated product or property which has been fully remediated ( i. e. cleaned up or decontaminated). Stigma encompasses an intangible concept of perceived risk that lies beyond remediation costs and includes further discounts to compensate investors, purchasers, and/ or lenders with the perceived risks associated with formerly contaminated products or property. The inference is that stigma may continue to affect product or property values without real or observable contamination ( ibid, p. 189). The 5% loss is the long term stigma effect on sales marketshare for a household product which became contaminated with a hazardous chemical ( see case on p. 205, footnote 7), and the 10% loss is the aggregate long term environmental contamination stigma effect on US property values ( see 1991 Patchin reference on p. 189). Flynn et al. state that " [ C] hemical risks in general carry a well described burden of stigma in our society. And in a very interesting observation, .... the rise of scientific risk assessment approaches themselves in the last quarter century accentuate this stigma." ( p. 266).

172 Impact Element 11A Cachet Benefit to Industrial Laundries from Avoided Waste " Stigma" Associated with Reusable Industrial Wipes In a 23 May 2001 meeting between OSW and reusable wipes suppliers, at least one supplier indicated that reusable wipes suppliers ( industrial laundries) want to avoid the market product " stigma" associated with regulatory classification of spent reusable industrial wipes as a form of " waste". USEPA Office of Solid Waste estimates that about 50% of states currently exclude reusable wipes from solid waste regulatory classification, and the other 50% of states currently exclude reusable wipes from hazardous waste regulatory classification, but not from solid waste classification ( i. e. 0% of spent solvent reusable industrial wipes are currently regulated as " hazardous wastes"). Consequently, under the proposed exclusion of spent solvent reusable wipes from " solid waste" designation, the market for reusable wipes in states which currently only exclude reusable wipes from " hazardous waste" classification, could realize cachet value12 from avoided product stigma of classification as a solid waste material. The potential magnitude of this benefit may be estimated as follows:

! Affected wipes sub market: Assuming that 50% of the 56 RCRA authorized states/ tribes/ territories currently exclude spent solvent reusable industrial wipes from " hazardous waste" but not from " solid waste" regulatory classification, represents 50% of the potentially affected spent solvent reusable wipes sub market ( 50% x 2.55 billion wipes/ year = 1.27 billion wipes/ year); ! Affected sub market revenues: Assuming that this potentially affected reusable wipes quantity represents $ 69 million/ year in industrial laundry revenues ( 1.27 billion wipes/ year x $ 0.054 laundry revenue/ wipe); and ! Stigma product value loss: Assuming environmental induced stigma may result in 5% to 10% average loss13 in product value ( i. e. loss in sales revenues);