Public Meetings: Systems will incur burden for pre-meeting logistical arrangements, preparation of presentation/talking points, attending meeting, post-meeting activities (e.g., develop and post meeting minutes). Estimates for each of these meeting components and the total estimated burden are included in Exhibit 5-128, Column E.
 Material to Multifamily homes and institutions: Systems will require 0.0025 hours/household, which is 15 minutes per 100 copies. This is multiplied by the average number of households per CWS (numb_hh) and the percentage of total occupied housing units that are multi-family units (13.1 percent).
   EPA assumed that each activity has an equal likelihood of being selected and thus, the average burden is used for hrs_ale_other_op. Burden estimates for systems serving more than 3,300 are multiplied by three because the rule requires these systems to conduct three activities whereas CWSs serving 3,300 or fewer people are required to conduct one activity. Burden estimates are included in Exhibit 5-129.
Exhibit 5-128: System Burden for Public Meetings
                                  System Size
                              (Population Served)
                      Pre-meeting logistical arrangements
                  Preparation of presentation/ talking points
                                Attend meeting
                         Post meeting, including notes
                                     Total

                                       A
                                       B
                                       C
                                       D
                                    E = A:D
<=3,300
                                                                              2
                                                                              2
                                                                              2
                                                                              0
                                                                              6
3,301-10,000
                                                                              6
                                                                             14
                                                                              6
                                                                              0
                                                                             26
10,001-50,000
                                                                             10
                                                                             38
                                                                             12
                                                                              8
                                                                             68
50,001-100,000
                                                                             20
                                                                             50
                                                                             12
                                                                              6
                                                                             88
>100,000
                                                                             20
                                                                             50
                                                                             30
                                                                             28
                                                                            128
Source: "Derivation of Public Education Inputs_CWS_Final Rule.xlsx."
Notes:
EPA based estimates on the Economic and Supporting Analyses: Short-Term Regulatory Changes to the Lead and Copper Rule (USEPA, 2007), Appendix Exhibits H-14 through H-17. This EA did not provide estimates for systems serving <=3,300 people so EPA adjusted the burden used for systems serving 3,301 to 10,000 people downward to develop the burden estimates for system serving <= 3,300 people. See notes A - D for additional detail..
A: Includes burden to select date, research and select site, negotiate with site for use, publicize meeting, set up room including electronics (microphones, sound system, and presentation).
B: Includes burden to prepare a 30-minute presentation (30-50 slides) including consultation with health experts and technical personnel as necessary, to receive feedback from management, and to practice presentation.
C: Estimate is based on DC Water (formerly called DC WASA): 1.5 hour open house, one hour presentation/Q&A, 15 minutes before and after, for a total of three hours, attended by two system representatives.
D: Includes burden to prepare and review meeting transcript or notes and follow up with attendees as appropriate.

Exhibit 5-129: System Burden for Additional PE Activities after a Lead ALE
                        System Size (Population Served)
                                      PSA
                                   Paid Ads
                                Public Display
                              Email Notification
                                Public Meetings
                          Delivery to all Households
                Material to Multifamily homes and institutions
             Average Burden for Additional Activities (per system)

                                       A
                                       B
                                       C
                                       D
                                       E
                                       F
                                       G
                                       H

                                                               hrs_ale_other_op
<=100
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                              1
                                                                              1
                                                                              6
                                                                            0.1
                                                                           0.01
                                                                           1.94
101-500
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                              1
                                                                              1
                                                                              6
                                                                            0.2
                                                                           0.03
                                                                           1.97
501-1,000
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                              4
                                                                              1
                                                                              6
                                                                              1
                                                                            0.1
                                                                           2.47
1,001-3,300
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                              4
                                                                              1
                                                                              6
                                                                              2
                                                                            0.2
                                                                           2.65
3,301-10,000
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                              4
                                                                              1
                                                                             26
                                                                              6
                                                                              1
                                                                          18.38
10,001-50,000
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                             20
                                                                              1
                                                                             68
                                                                             21
                                                                              3
                                                                          50.74
50,001-100,000
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                             40
                                                                              1
                                                                             88
                                                                             67
                                                                              9
                                                                          90.08
100,001-1,000,000
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                            100
                                                                              1
                                                                            128
                                                                            234
                                                                             31
                                                                         213.76
> 1,000,000
                                                                              5
                                                                            0.5
                                                                            100
                                                                              1
                                                                            128
                                                                           1932
                                                                            253
                                                                       1,037.21
Sources/Assumptions:
Notes:
*t General: The targeted customer contact is listed in the rule but was assumed not to be selected because those subsets of the population (e.g., pregnant women and children) are contacted through other public education recipients, such as doctors, schools, and child cares.
A: Based on the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides Rules ICR (Renewal) (Exhibit 31 (Labor Hours per PSA)) (USEPA, 2015b).
B: EPA assumed a half hour to develop ad material with assistance from news outlet.
C: EPA assumed systems will provide an increasingly larger number of postings per systems size and each would require one hour per five postings.
D: Based on the Economic and Supporting Analyses: Short-Term Regulatory Changes to the Lead and Copper Rule (Appendix Exhibit H-12) (USEPA, 2007).
E: See Exhibit 5-128.
F: Estimate is based on assumptions for production labor used in the Economic and Supporting Analyses: Short-Term Regulatory Changes to the Lead and Copper Rule (Exhibit 17) (USEPA, 2007).
G: Includes multi-family unit burden and not institutions. The USEPA (2008a) CWS public education guidance does not discuss distributing information to institutions. Also, other public education requirements already include distribution to several organizations (e.g., WIC, hospitals, medical clinics, pediatricians, family planning centers, etc.). Multi-family units (in buildings with 10 or more units) represent 13.1 percent of the total occupied housing units according to the 2015 American Community Survey (United States Census Bureau, 2016) .
These other public education activities have associated non-labor costs:
 Paid Ads: See estimates in Exhibit 5-130 and Exhibit 5-131.
 Public Meetings: Includes the cost of a single-page handout ($0.025) multiplied by the average number of households per system (numb_hh).
 Delivery to all households: Includes the cost of postage ($0.49 for <= 200 mailings) or ($0.30 for bulk rate of > 200 mailing), paper ($0.025), and envelopes ($0.067). These costs are multiplied by the average number of households per CWS (numb_hh).
 Material to Multifamily homes and institutions: Includes postage ($0.49), paper ($0.025), and envelopes ($0.067) per multifamily home. The bulk postage rate ($0.30) is used for systems mailing more than 200 pieces. These costs are multiplied by the average number of households per CWS and percentage of total occupied housing units that are multi-family units (13.1 percent).
Exhibit 5-130: Cost for Paid Ads
                                   Newspaper
                                  Circulation
                                 1 column inch
                     Bozeman Daily Chronicle (Bozeman, MT)
                                                                         15,000
                                                                        $18.00
                       Wayne Independent (Honesdale, PA)
                                                                          4,000
                                                                        $14.00
                         Daily Astorian (Astoria, OR)
                                                                          8,000
                                                                        $15.00
                          Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
                                                                        230,000
                                                                       $337.00
                        Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN)
                                                                        345,000
                                                                       $303.00
                                 Miami Herald
                                                                        272,000
                                                                       $458.00
                                Chicago Tribune
                                                                      566,000
                                                                       $755.00
                                   LA Times
                                                                        699,000
                                                                       $807.00
                                Washington Post
                                                                        815,000
                                                                       $865.00
Note: Circulation and rate information from (http://www.gaebler.com/Newspaper-Ad-Rates.htm).
Exhibit 5-131: Average cost for 10 column inches (about 1/8 of a page) for three system sizes
Size
Average Cost
Small
$157
Medium
$3,660
Large
$8,090
              Note: EPA assumed that the newspaper develops advertisement based on base content provided by system. Costs reflect current costs per inch for 2017. EPA also assumed that smaller systems will use small, local newspaper, whereas larger systems will use newspapers with wider circulation. See the Economic and Supporting Analyses: Short-Term Regulatory Changes to the Lead and Copper Rule (USEPA, 2007).
To estimate the costs for the other required activities in response to a lead ALE (cost_ale_other), EPA assumed that each of the seven activities had an equal likelihood of being selected and summed the costs for each including those with $0 and divided by seven to get an average activity cost. EPA multiplied the average activity cost by three for CWSs serving more than 3,300 people because the rule requires them to conduct three activities as opposed to one for CWSs serving 3,300 or fewer people. The resulting inputs for cost_ale_other are included in Exhibit 5-132.

Exhibit 5-132: System Cost for Additional Public Education Activities after a Lead ALE
                        System Size (Population Served)
                                      PSA
                                   Paid Ads
                                Public Display
                              Email Notification
                                Public Meetings
                              Delivery to all HHs
                Material to Multifamily homes and institutions
             Average Costs for Additional Activities
(per system)

                                       A
                                       B
                                       C
                                       D
                                       E
                                       F
                                       G
                                       H

                                cost_ale_other
<=100
                                                                             $0
                                                                          $157
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                          $0.58
                                                                         $13.50
                                                                          $1.77
                                                                         $24.64
101-500
                                                                             $0
                                                                          $157
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $2
                                                                         $57.03
                                                                          $7.47
                                                                         $31.95
501-1,000
                                                                             $0
                                                                          $157
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $7
                                                                        $166.12
                                                                         $21.76
                                                                         $50.24
1,001-3,300
                                                                             $0
                                                                          $157
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                            $18
                                                                        $289.18
                                                                         $56.10
                                                                         $74.33
3,301-10,000
                                                                             $0
                                                                        $3,660
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                            $56
                                                                        $886.84
                                                                        $172.05
                                                                      $2,046.56
10,001-50,000
                                                                             $0
                                                                        $3,660
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                           $211
                                                                      $3,319.47
                                                                        $434.85
                                                                      $3,268.06
50,001-100,000
                                                                             $0
                                                                        $8,090
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                           $669
                                                                     $10,520.65
                                                                      $1,378.21
                                                                      $8,853.48
100,001-1,000,000
                                                                             $0
                                                                        $8,090
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                         $2,337
                                                                     $36,732.61
                                                                      $4,811.97
                                                                     $22,273.40
> 1,000,000
                                                                             $0
                                                                        $8,090
                                                                             $0
                                                                             $0
                                                                        $19,325
                                                                    $303,788.78
                                                                     $39,796.33
                                                                    $159,000.04
Sources/Assumptions:
Notes:
General: The targeted customer contact is listed in the rule but was not included because EPA assumed that subsets of the population (e.g., pregnant women and children) are contacted through other public education recipients, such as doctors, schools, and child cares.
A: EPA assumed that systems will deliver public education materials as a public service announcement (PSA), free of charge.
B: Exhibit 5-131.
C, D: No additional cost expected.
E: Estimate includes the cost of a single-page handout ($0.025) multiplied by the average number of households per system. See "General Cost Model Inputs_Final Rule.xlsx" for additional information about costs for paper.
F: Estimate includes the cost of postage ($0.49), paper ($0.025), and envelopes ($0.067) multiplied by the average number of households per system. The bulk rate for postage ($0.301) is used when a system mails more than 200 pieces. See "General Cost Model Inputs_Final Rule.xlsx" for additional information.
G: See "General Cost Model Inputs_Final Rule.xlsx" for additional information about costs for postage, paper, and envelopes. Estimate includes multi-family unit cost and not institutions. The USEPA (2008a) CWS public education guidance does not discuss distributing information to institutions. Also, other public education requirements already include distribution to several organizations (e.g., WIC, hospitals, medical clinics, pediatricians, family planning centers, etc.). Multi-family units (in buildings with 10 or more units) represent 13.1 percent of the total occupied housing units according to the 2015 American Community Survey (United States Census Bureau, 2016). Available at EPA-HQ-OW-2017-0300 at www.regulations.gov.

 Prepare press release (hrs_pr_op, cost_pr). EPA assumed systems serving 3,300 or fewer will not prepare a press release because they deliver notices to all households individually as allowed under the rule. Systems serving more than 3,300 are estimated to require 5 hours per public education event (two per year) for preparation and delivery to a total of 8 newspapers, radio stations, or TV stations for a total burden of 10 hours. EPA assumed systems will not incur any material costs associated with these activities. For press releases (cost_pr), EPA assumed that newspapers, radio stations, or TV stations will run the press release materials as a PSA, free of charge. In addition, systems are assumed to provide the press release and certification electronically. For additional information, see the Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts, Chemical, and Radionuclides Rules ICR (Renewal) (Exhibit 31 (Labor Hours per PSA)) (USEPA, 2015b).
 Certify to Primacy Agency that lead outreach was completed (hrs_pe_certify_quarterly_op, hrs_cert_outreach_annual_op). CWSs have quarterly, semi-annual, and annual public education requirements in response to a lead ALE (see Section 3.8.1 for detailed requirements). Thus, CWSs must report the certification on a quarterly basis. EPA estimated an average 0.33 and 0.5 hours to review public education certifications under the previous rule based on data from North Carolina and Indiana, respectively. These are two states that responded to an ASDWA survey about LCR implementation. EPA took these estimates to review a public education certification and doubled them because systems are expected to incur a larger burden for developing the materials than Primacy Agencies to review them. These estimates were then multiplied by 0.75 to account for quarters in which there is less information to report on the self-certification. Then the numbers were multiplied by four to account for the quarterly frequency of the self-certification letter. EPA assumed that each certification for systems serving 50,000 or fewer people would require 0.5 hours or 2 hours annually (based on the lower burden reported from North Carolina) and 0.75 hours/certification or 3 hours annually for CWSs serving more than 50,000 people (based on the higher burden reported from Indiana).
   NTNCWSs will also incur burden to certify to the Primacy Agency that they met their annual PE and outreach requirements (hrs_cert_outreach_annual_op). EPA assumed that NTNCWSs will submit an annual certification to the Primacy Agency electronically and incur a burden of 0.66 hours for systems serving 50,000 or fewer people and 1 hour for those serving more than 50,000 people. Estimates are based on input from North Carolina (0.33 hours) and Indiana (0.5 hours), respectively, for the burden to review the system's PE certification in response to a 2016 ASDWA survey about LCR implementation. Estimates were doubled since systems are expected to incur a larger burden to prepare the certification than needed for the Primacy Agencies' review. A copy of the questionnaire and each state's responses are available in the docket at EPA-HQ-OW-2017-0300 at www.regulations.gov.
   Note that EPA did not include a separate certification for the consumer notice discussed in Section <IP_ADDRESS> and those activities described in Section <IP_ADDRESS> that are independent of a system's lead 90[th] percentile level. Instead, the Agency assumed the certification would include all outreach and public education described in Section 5.3.6.
Exhibit 5-133 provides details on how costs are calculated for PWS public education activities a) through x) including additional cost inputs that are required to calculate these costs.
Exhibit 5-133: PWS Lead Public Education Unit Costing Approach in SafeWater LCR by Activity[1]
CWS Cost Per Activity
NTNCWS Cost Per Activity
Conditions for Cost to Apply to a Model PWS
Frequency of Activity

Lead 90[th] - Range
Other Conditions

    Provide notice to customers with lead tap samples > 15 ug/L[2]
The number of required samples >15 ug/L per system multiplied by the hours per sample and the system labor rate. The likelihood of a Lead Tap Sample Monitoring being > 15 ug/L is estimated separately for each system 90[th] percentile category. The marginal cost for delivering this material quickly is provided here. The material cost of the printing of the public education is assumed to be covered under the material cost applied to informing customers of the result of the tap samples.

(pp_above_al_bin_three*numb_samp_customer)*(hrs_pe_above_al_prep_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.

At or below TL

Model PWS is not on reduced tap sampling and not doing POU sampling

1  -  (p_tap_annual + p_tap_triennial + p_tap_nine)

Twice a year

The number of required samples >15 ug/L per system multiplied by the hours per sample and the system labor rate. The likelihood of a Lead Tap Sample Monitoring being > 15 ug/L is estimated separately for each system 90[th] percentile category. The marginal cost for delivering this material quickly is provided here. The material cost of the printing of the public education is assumed to be covered under the material cost applied to informing customers of the result of the tap samples.

(pp_above_al_bin_three*numb_reduced_tap)*(hrs_pe_above_al_prep_op*rate_op)

Model PWS on annual reduced tap sampling and not doing POU sampling

p_tap_annual
Once a year

Model PWS on triennial reduced tap sampling and not doing POU sampling

p_tap_triennial
Every 3 years
The number of required samples >15 ug/L per system multiplied by the hours per sample and the system labor rate. The likelihood of a Lead Tap Sample Monitoring being > 15 ug/L is estimated separately for each system 90[th] percentile category. The marginal cost for delivering this material quickly is provided here. The material cost of the printing of the public education is assumed to be covered under the material cost applied to informing customers of the result of the tap samples.

(pp_above_al_bin_two*numb_samp_customer)*(hrs_pe_above_al_prep_op*rate_op)

At or below AL and above TL
All model PWSs
Once a year
The number of required samples >15 ug/L per system multiplied by the hours per sample and the system labor rate. The likelihood of a Lead Tap Sample Monitoring being > 15 ug/L is estimated separately for each system 90[th] percentile category. The marginal cost for delivering this material quickly is provided here. The material cost of the printing of the public education is assumed to be covered under the material cost applied to informing customers of the result of the tap samples.

(pp_above_al_bin_one*numb_samp_customer)*(hrs_pe_above_al_prep_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs
Once a year
 Provide a copy of the 3 calendar day notice to the Primacy Agency[2]
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.
(hrs_above_15_notice_op*rate_op)
Cost applies as written to NTNCWS
All
All model PWSs with at least one sample > 15 ug/L
Once per event
 Update CCR language
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_update_ccr_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs
One time
 Develop new customer outreach plan
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_cust_plan_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs with LSLs

p_lsl
One time
 Develop approach for improved public access to lead health-related information and tap sample results
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_pub_access_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs
One time
 Establish a process for public access information on LSL locations
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_access_lsl_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
Model PWS with LSLs

p_lsl
One time
 Maintain a process for public access on lead health information, LSL locations, and tap sample results
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_maint_lsl_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs

Once a year
 Respond to customer requests for LSL information
The number of requests from homeowners and residents multiplied by the total of the hours per request times the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

(pp_hh_request_lslr*(pws_pop/numb_hh))*((hrs_hh_request_op*rate_op)+cost_hh_request)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
Model PWS with LSLs

p_lsl
Once a year
 Respond to requests from realtors, home inspectors, and potential home buyers for LSL information
The number of requests from realtors, home inspectors, and potential homebuyers multiplied by the total of the hours per request times the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

numb_other_request*((hrs_other_request_op*rate_op)+cost_other_request)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
Model PWS with LSLs

p_lsl
Once a year
 Develop list of state and local health agencies
The number of state and local health agencies per system times the total hours per health agency multiplied by the system labor rate.

(numb_ha+1)*(hrs_hc_list_op*rate_op)
Cost applies as written to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs
One time
 Develop lead outreach materials for state and local health agencies
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_pub_devel_hc_op*rate_op)
Cost applies as written to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs
One time
 Deliver lead outreach to state and local health agencies
The number of state and local health agencies per system times the total hours per health agency multiplied by the system labor rate.

(numb_ha+1)*((hrs_hc_op*rate_op)+cost_hc)
Cost applies as written to NTNCWSs.
All
All model PWSs
Once a year
 Develop PE material for disturbances of service lines and submit to Primacy Agency
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_pub_devel_wtr_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
Model PWS with LSLs

p_lsl
One time
 Deliver PE during disturbances of service lines
The percentage of the households in the system having water work done multiplied by the total of the hours per household times the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

((hh_remain_lsl+num_paper_remain)*perc_hh_water_wrk)*((hrs_pub_deliv_wtr_op*rate_op)+cost_pub_deliv_wtr_ed)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
Model PWS with LSLs

p_lsl
Once a year
o)	Deliver pitcher filters and cartridges during disturbances of service lines and maintain them for 6 months
The percentage of the households in the system having water work done multiplied by the total material cost.

((hh_remain_lsl+num_paper_remain)*perc_hh_water_wrk)*cost_filter_hh

Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
All
Model PWS with LSLs

p_lsl
Once a year
    Update mandatory language for lead ALE PE and submit to Primacy Agency for review
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_pe_al_devel_op*rate_op)
Cost applies as written to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs
One time
    Deliver lead ALE PE materials to customers to all customers
The number of households per system multiplied by the total of the hours per household times the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

(pws_pop/numb_hh)*((hrs_distr_edu_op*rate_op)+cost_pe_lcr_delivery)
The hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

((hrs_ntncws_distr_edu_op*rate_op)+cost_ntncws_pe_lcr_delivery)
Above AL
All model PWSs
Once a year[3]
 Contact public health agencies to obtain additional organizations and update recipient list
The number of health agencies per system multiplied by the hours per health agency and the system labor rate.

numb_ha*(hrs_ha_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs
Once a year[3]
 Notify public health agencies and other organizations
The number of public health agencies and other organizations per system multiplied by the total of the hours per agency and organization times the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

numb_lcr_other_org * (hrs_distr_agencies_pe_op * rate_op + cost_pe_lead_ale)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs
Once a year[3]
 Post lead notice on website
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_web_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs serving > 100,000 people
Once a year[3]
 Consult with Primacy Agency on other PE activities
The total consultation hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_ale_consult_op*rate_op)
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs
Once a year[3]
 Implement other PE activities
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

(hrs_ale_other_op*rate_op)+cost_ale_other
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs serving > 3,300 people
Once a year[3]
 Prepare a press release
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate, plus the material cost.

hrs_pr_op * rate_op + cost_pr
Cost does not apply to NTNCWSs.
Above AL
All model PWSs serving > 3,300 people
Twice a year[3]
 Certify to Primacy Agencies that lead outreach was completed
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_pe_certify_quarterly_op*rate_op)
The total hours per system multiplied by the system labor rate.

(hrs_cert_outreach_annual_op*rate_op)
All
All model PWSs
Once a year[3,4]
Acronyms: AL = action level; ALE = action level exceedance; CCR = consumer confidence report; CWS = community water system; LSL = lead service line; NTNCWS = non-transient non-community water system; PE = public education; POU = point-of-use; PWS = public water system; TL = trigger level.
Notes:
[1] The data variables in the exhibit are defined previously in Section <IP_ADDRESS> with the exception of:
 rate_op: PWS hourly labor rate (Section <IP_ADDRESS>).
[2] The likelihood of a single lead tap sample being > 15 ug/L is estimated for three lead 90[th] percentile ranges (Section <IP_ADDRESS>):
 pp_above_al_bin_three when lead 90[th] range is at or below the TL.
 pp_above_al_bin_two when lead 90[th] range is at or below AL and above TL.
 pp_above_al_bin_one when lead 90[th] range is above the AL.
See Section <IP_ADDRESS> for the derivation of the likelihoods and Exhibit 4-24 for the values used in the SafeWater LCR model). These likelihoods are applied separately to all required lead tap samples. The required number of samples (either numb_samp_customer for systems on routine monitoring or numb_reduced_tap for systems on reduced monitoring) is based on the system's monitoring schedule. See Section <IP_ADDRESS>.1 for details on how the SafeWater LCR model determines monitoring schedule and lead tap sampling requirements.
[3] A system can discontinue this requirement after it no longer exceeds the lead AL.
[4] CWSs that are providing PE in response to a lead ALE will be submitting a certification quarterly. For modeling purposes, the CWS burden is estimated on an annual basis.
Estimate of National Lead Public Education and Outreach Costs
The estimated national annualized lead public education and outreach costs for the final rule, under the low cost scenario, are $37,207,000 at a 3 percent discount rate and $36,555,000 at a 7 percent discount rate. The public education impacts of the final rule for the high cost scenario are $45,461,000 discounted at 3 percent and $45,628,000 discounted at 7 percent. The incremental costs range from $36,861,000 to $43,994,000 at a 3 percent discount rate and from $36,084,000 to $43,612,000 at a 7 percent discount rate, under the low and high cost scenarios respectively (see Exhibit 5-1and Exhibit 5-2).
Summary of PWS Costs
This section summarizes the PWS impacts and costs of the major rule components of the LCRR, including:
 PWS counts and population affected by rule components;
 national PWS costs by system category; and
 household costs by CWS size and source water type.
PWS counts and population affected by rule components
Exhibit 5-134 shows the number of PWSs and the population affected by each major rule requirement under the low and high cost scenarios, for the previous LCR, LCRR, and the increment. The table also shows the number of LSLs that are expected to be replaced.

Exhibit 5-134: System Counts and Population Impacted
(Over 35 Year Period of Analysis)

                               Low Cost Estimate
                               High Cost Estimate

                                                                   Previous LCR
                                                                     Final LCRR
                                                                    Incremental
                                                                   Previous LCR
                                                                     Final LCRR
                                                                    Incremental
 PWS Count
                                                                         67,656
                                                                         67,656
                                                                              0
                                                                         67,656
                                                                         67,656
                                                                              0
 PWSs with LSLR (Mandatory)
                                                                            140
                                                                            959
                                                                            819
                                                                          1,398
                                                                            786
                                                                           -611
 PWSs with LSLR (Goal Based)
                                                                              0
                                                                            231
                                                                            231
                                                                              0
                                                                            369
                                                                            369
 PWSs with LSLR (Customer-Initiated)
                                                                              0
                                                                         11,137
                                                                         11,137
                                                                              0
                                                                         14,085
                                                                         14,085
 Population impacted by LSLR (Mandatory)
                                                                         25,930
                                                                        435,964
                                                                        410,035
                                                                        360,929
                                                                        940,404
                                                                        579,474
 Population impacted by LSLR (Goal Based)
                                                                              0
                                                                        314,810
                                                                        314,810
                                                                              0
                                                                        417,332
                                                                        417,332
 Population impacted by LSLR (Customer-Initiated)
                                                                              0
                                                                        242,065
                                                                        242,065
                                                                              0
                                                                        290,552
                                                                        290,552
 LSLR (Mandatory)
                                                                          8,770
                                                                        138,344
                                                                        129,575
                                                                        126,292
                                                                        302,263
                                                                        175,972
 LSLR (Goal Based)
                                                                              0
                                                                        105,838
                                                                        105,838
                                                                              0
                                                                        138,923
                                                                        138,923
 LSLR (Customer-Initiated)
                                                                              0
                                                                         94,815
                                                                         94,815
                                                                              0
                                                                        114,279
                                                                        114,279
 PWSs that Install CCT
                                                                          1,741
                                                                            644
                                                                         -1,097
                                                                          3,833
                                                                          1,241
                                                                         -2,592
 Population Affected by CCT Installation
                                                                      1,855,948
                                                                      1,645,916
                                                                       -210,032
                                                                      4,282,170
                                                                      3,718,430
                                                                       -563,740
 PWSs that Re-Optimize CCT due to ALE
                                                                            345
                                                                            908
                                                                            563
                                                                          1,538
                                                                          3,379
                                                                          1,840
 PWSs that Re-Optimize CCT due to TLE
                                                                              0
                                                                          1,284
                                                                          1,284
                                                                              0
                                                                          2,411
                                                                          2,411
 Population Affected by CCT Re-Optimization due to ALE
                                                                      4,279,122
                                                                     14,756,895
                                                                     10,477,773
                                                                     17,625,585
                                                                     43,292,372
                                                                     25,666,787
 Population Affected by CCT Re-Optimization due to TLE
                                                                              0
                                                                     12,193,778
                                                                     12,193,778
                                                                              0
                                                                     26,361,290
                                                                     26,361,290
 PWSs that Conduct Find-and-Fix of CCT
                                                                              0
                                                                          2,312
                                                                          2,312
                                                                              0
                                                                          6,149
                                                                          6,149
 Population Affected by Find-and-Fix of CCT
                                                                              0
                                                                     27,051,528
                                                                     27,051,528
                                                                              0
                                                                     70,601,260
                                                                     70,601,260
 PWSs that Install POU
                                                                              0
                                                                          1,207
                                                                          1,207
                                                                              0
                                                                          3,914
                                                                          3,914
 Population Affected by POU Installation
                                                                              0
                                                                        238,278
                                                                        238,278
                                                                              0
                                                                        770,531
                                                                        770,531
        Acronyms: ALE = action level exceedance; CCT = corrosion control treatment; LSL = lead service line; LSLR = lead service line replacement; POU = point-of-use; TLE = trigger level exceedance.

National PWS Costs by System Category
Exhibit 5-135 shows the estimated annualized national PWS low cost scenario estimates for the previous LCR and the LCRR, and the incremental costs by system type, primary source water, and system size category at a 3 percent discount rate. The high cost scenario estimates at a 3 percent discount rate are shown in Exhibit 5-136. The same information for the low and high cost scenarios at a 7 percent discount rate are provided in Exhibit 5-137 and Exhibit 5-138, respectively.

Exhibit 5-135: National Annualized PWS Costs by System Category  -  Low Cost Scenario  -  at 3 Percent Discount Rate (2016$)
 Funding
 Type
 Source Water
 Size
                                                                   Previous LCR
                                                                     Final LCRR
                                                                    Incremental
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $7,752,000
                                                                    $11,502,000
                                                                     $3,750,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                    $10,074,000
                                                                    $14,654,000
                                                                     $4,580,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $2,660,000
                                                                     $3,691,000
                                                                     $1,031,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $2,383,000
                                                                     $3,258,000
                                                                       $875,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $2,679,000
                                                                     $3,392,000
                                                                       $713,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $2,885,000
                                                                     $4,367,000
                                                                     $1,482,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $2,103,000
                                                                     $2,452,000
                                                                       $348,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                     $3,038,000
                                                                     $3,592,000
                                                                       $553,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $769,000
                                                                     $1,078,000
                                                                       $308,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $1,641,000
                                                                     $2,394,000
                                                                       $753,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $597,000
                                                                       $894,000
                                                                       $297,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,124,000
                                                                     $1,531,000
                                                                       $407,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $1,627,000
                                                                     $2,112,000
                                                                       $485,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $3,994,000
                                                                     $6,959,000
                                                                     $2,965,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $2,946,000
                                                                     $3,847,000
                                                                       $902,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $11,291,000
                                                                    $14,478,000
                                                                     $3,188,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                       $190,000
                                                                       $355,000
                                                                       $165,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $1,268,000
                                                                     $1,930,000
                                                                       $662,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $6,888,000
                                                                    $10,163,000
                                                                     $3,275,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $7,162,000
                                                                     $9,915,000
                                                                     $2,753,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                    $15,758,000
                                                                    $20,506,000
                                                                     $4,748,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $19,176,000
                                                                    $24,335,000
                                                                     $5,159,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $26,304,000
                                                                    $36,405,000
                                                                    $10,101,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $19,053,000
                                                                    $21,906,000
                                                                     $2,853,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $15,198,000
                                                                    $17,790,000
                                                                     $2,592,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                     $2,008,000
                                                                     $2,415,000
                                                                       $407,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $902,000
                                                                     $1,252,000
                                                                       $350,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $2,745,000
                                                                     $4,088,000
                                                                     $1,343,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $2,691,000
                                                                     $3,883,000
                                                                     $1,192,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $8,803,000
                                                                    $12,073,000
                                                                     $3,271,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $20,007,000
                                                                    $25,910,000
                                                                     $5,904,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $44,577,000
                                                                    $74,338,000
                                                                    $29,762,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $27,361,000
                                                                    $36,011,000
                                                                     $8,650,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $63,191,000
                                                                    $81,152,000
                                                                    $17,961,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                    $32,818,000
                                                                    $38,711,000
                                                                     $5,893,000
 Total Annual CWS National Costs
                                                                   $373,663,000
                                                                   $503,338,000
                                                                   $129,675,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $4,132,000
                                                                     $4,539,000
                                                                       $407,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $4,316,000
                                                                     $5,077,000
                                                                       $761,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $1,495,000
                                                                     $1,874,000
                                                                       $379,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,038,000
                                                                     $1,293,000
                                                                       $254,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $341,000
                                                                       $419,000
                                                                        $77,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $119,000
                                                                       $134,000
                                                                        $15,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $57,000
                                                                        $59,000
                                                                         $1,524
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $379,000
                                                                       $413,000
                                                                        $35,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                       $403,000
                                                                       $454,000
                                                                        $52,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $203,000
                                                                       $230,000
                                                                        $27,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                       $368,000
                                                                       $409,000
                                                                        $40,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $452,000
                                                                       $496,000
                                                                        $44,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $233,000
                                                                       $253,000
                                                                        $19,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $66,000
                                                                        $67,000
                                                                         $1,424
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                       $152,000
                                                                       $155,000
                                                                         $2,579
 Total Annual NTNCWS National Costs
                                                                    $13,755,000
                                                                    $15,872,000
                                                                     $2,117,000
 Total Annual Private PWS National Costs
                                                                    $57,754,000
                                                                    $80,555,000
                                                                    $22,801,000
 Total Annual Public PWS National Costs
                                                                   $329,664,000
                                                                   $438,655,000
                                                                   $108,991,000
 Total Annual PWS National Costs
                                                                   $387,417,000
                                                                   $519,210,000
                                                                   $131,792,000
 Notes: System Category rows are not included for system categories that contain zero systems. Detail may not add exactly to total due to independent rounding.

Exhibit 5-136: National Annualized PWS Costs by System Category  -  High Cost Scenario  -  at 3 Percent Discount Rate (2016$)
 Funding
 Type
 Source Water
 Size
                                                                   Previous LCR
                                                                     Final LCRR
                                                                    Incremental
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                    $11,950,000
                                                                    $13,684,000
                                                                     $1,734,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                    $14,763,000
                                                                    $22,388,000
                                                                     $7,625,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $3,759,000
                                                                     $7,017,000
                                                                     $3,258,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $3,660,000
                                                                     $6,099,000
                                                                     $2,439,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $3,269,000
                                                                     $5,053,000
                                                                     $1,784,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $3,622,000
                                                                     $5,951,000
                                                                     $2,329,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $2,265,000
                                                                     $2,895,000
                                                                       $630,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                     $3,395,000
                                                                     $5,275,000
                                                                     $1,880,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $926,000
                                                                     $1,390,000
                                                                       $464,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $2,025,000
                                                                     $4,061,000
                                                                     $2,036,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $809,000
                                                                     $1,816,000
                                                                     $1,007,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,472,000
                                                                     $2,981,000
                                                                     $1,509,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $2,049,000
                                                                     $3,487,000
                                                                     $1,438,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $4,862,000
                                                                    $10,010,000
                                                                     $5,148,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $3,114,000
                                                                     $4,602,000
                                                                     $1,488,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $12,819,000
                                                                    $23,449,000
                                                                    $10,630,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                       $190,000
                                                                       $389,000
                                                                       $199,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $1,780,000
                                                                     $2,375,000
                                                                       $595,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $9,905,000
                                                                    $16,581,000
                                                                     $6,676,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $9,646,000
                                                                    $18,828,000
                                                                     $9,182,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                    $20,390,000
                                                                    $36,360,000
                                                                    $15,970,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $23,655,000
                                                                    $37,473,000
                                                                    $13,818,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $30,836,000
                                                                    $50,523,000
                                                                    $19,688,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $20,108,000
                                                                    $25,591,000
                                                                     $5,483,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $16,661,000
                                                                    $26,176,000
                                                                     $9,515,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                     $2,010,000
                                                                     $2,506,000
                                                                       $496,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                     $1,055,000
                                                                     $1,580,000
                                                                       $525,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $3,468,000
                                                                     $7,117,000
                                                                     $3,649,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $3,578,000
                                                                     $7,927,000
                                                                     $4,349,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                    $11,233,000
                                                                    $22,669,000
                                                                    $11,436,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $24,631,000
                                                                    $42,013,000
                                                                    $17,382,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $51,622,000
                                                                   $101,573,000
                                                                    $49,951,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $29,651,000
                                                                    $43,977,000
                                                                    $14,326,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $72,390,000
                                                                   $135,513,000
                                                                    $63,123,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                    $32,891,000
                                                                    $40,827,000
                                                                     $7,936,000
 Total Annual CWS National Costs
                                                                   $440,459,000
                                                                   $740,155,000
                                                                   $299,696,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $6,412,000
                                                                     $4,984,000
                                                                    $-1,428,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $6,210,000
                                                                     $5,826,000
                                                                      $-384,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $2,029,000
                                                                     $2,258,000
                                                                       $229,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,350,000
                                                                     $1,592,000
                                                                       $242,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $411,000
                                                                       $532,000
                                                                       $121,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $134,000
                                                                       $164,000
                                                                        $30,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $59,000
                                                                        $63,000
                                                                         $3,933
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $436,000
                                                                       $444,000
                                                                         $7,724
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                       $463,000
                                                                       $504,000
                                                                        $41,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $221,000
                                                                       $261,000
                                                                        $40,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                       $396,000
                                                                       $470,000
                                                                        $74,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $477,000
                                                                       $570,000
                                                                        $93,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $244,000
                                                                       $284,000
                                                                        $41,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $67,000
                                                                        $72,000
                                                                         $4,825
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                       $155,000
                                                                       $165,000
                                                                         $9,180
 Total Annual NTNCWS National Costs
                                                                    $19,064,000
                                                                    $18,188,000
                                                                      $-876,000
 Total Annual Private PWS National Costs
                                                                    $74,950,000
                                                                   $120,546,000
                                                                    $45,596,000
 Total Annual Public PWS National Costs
                                                                   $384,573,000
                                                                   $637,797,000
                                                                   $253,224,000
 Total Annual PWS National Costs
                                                                   $459,523,000
                                                                   $758,343,000
                                                                   $298,820,000
 Notes: System Category rows are not included for system categories that contain zero systems. Detail may not add exactly to total due to independent rounding.

Exhibit 5-137: National Annualized PWS Costs by System Category  -  Low Cost Scenario  -  at 7 Percent Discount Rate (2016$)
 Funding
 Type
 Source Water
 Size
                                                                   Previous LCR
                                                                     Final LCRR
                                                                    Incremental
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $7,440,000
                                                                    $11,616,000
                                                                     $4,177,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $9,681,000
                                                                    $14,636,000
                                                                     $4,955,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $2,558,000
                                                                     $3,654,000
                                                                     $1,096,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $2,282,000
                                                                     $3,185,000
                                                                       $903,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $2,573,000
                                                                     $3,308,000
                                                                       $735,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $2,760,000
                                                                     $4,357,000
                                                                     $1,597,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $2,008,000
                                                                     $2,378,000
                                                                       $370,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                     $2,899,000
                                                                     $3,474,000
                                                                       $575,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $736,000
                                                                     $1,072,000
                                                                       $335,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $1,569,000
                                                                     $2,394,000
                                                                       $825,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $573,000
                                                                       $893,000
                                                                       $320,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,076,000
                                                                     $1,502,000
                                                                       $425,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $1,558,000
                                                                     $2,060,000
                                                                       $503,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $3,815,000
                                                                     $6,914,000
                                                                     $3,099,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $2,813,000
                                                                     $3,722,000
                                                                       $909,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $10,775,000
                                                                    $13,999,000
                                                                     $3,224,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                       $151,000
                                                                       $315,000
                                                                       $164,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $1,217,000
                                                                     $1,939,000
                                                                       $722,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $6,599,000
                                                                    $10,146,000
                                                                     $3,547,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $6,870,000
                                                                     $9,829,000
                                                                     $2,959,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                    $15,079,000
                                                                    $20,136,000
                                                                     $5,057,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $18,411,000
                                                                    $23,759,000
                                                                     $5,349,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $25,164,000
                                                                    $35,703,000
                                                                    $10,540,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $18,192,000
                                                                    $21,178,000
                                                                     $2,986,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $14,505,000
                                                                    $17,187,000
                                                                     $2,682,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                     $1,592,000
                                                                     $1,998,000
                                                                       $407,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $863,000
                                                                     $1,246,000
                                                                       $383,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $2,627,000
                                                                     $4,086,000
                                                                     $1,459,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $2,577,000
                                                                     $3,860,000
                                                                     $1,283,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $8,428,000
                                                                    $11,896,000
                                                                     $3,468,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $19,191,000
                                                                    $25,307,000
                                                                     $6,116,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $42,566,000
                                                                    $73,051,000
                                                                    $30,485,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $26,114,000
                                                                    $34,894,000
                                                                     $8,780,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $60,309,000
                                                                    $78,570,000
                                                                    $18,262,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                    $26,000,000
                                                                    $31,264,000
                                                                     $5,264,000
 Total Annual CWS National Costs
                                                                   $351,570,000
                                                                   $485,530,000
                                                                   $133,960,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $3,955,000
                                                                     $4,628,000
                                                                       $673,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $4,124,000
                                                                     $5,068,000
                                                                       $944,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $1,426,000
                                                                     $1,846,000
                                                                       $419,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                       $988,000
                                                                     $1,262,000
                                                                       $274,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $326,000
                                                                       $405,000
                                                                        $79,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $113,000
                                                                       $128,000
                                                                        $15,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $55,000
                                                                        $56,000
                                                                         $1,508
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $362,000
                                                                       $404,000
                                                                        $42,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                       $385,000
                                                                       $443,000
                                                                        $58,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $194,000
                                                                       $223,000
                                                                        $29,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                       $352,000
                                                                       $394,000
                                                                        $42,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $431,000
                                                                       $476,000
                                                                        $44,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $222,000
                                                                       $241,000
                                                                        $19,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $63,000
                                                                        $64,000
                                                                         $1,430
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                       $145,000
                                                                       $148,000
                                                                         $2,509
 Total Annual NTNCWS National Costs
                                                                    $13,141,000
                                                                    $15,786,000
                                                                     $2,645,000
 Total Annual Private PWS National Costs
                                                                    $55,267,000
                                                                    $79,479,000
                                                                    $24,212,000
 Total Annual Public PWS National Costs
                                                                   $309,445,000
                                                                   $421,837,000
                                                                   $112,393,000
 Total Annual PWS National Costs
                                                                   $364,711,000
                                                                   $501,316,000
                                                                   $136,605,000
 Notes: System Category rows are not included for system categories that contain zero systems. Detail may not add exactly to total due to independent rounding.

Exhibit 5-138: National Annualized PWS Costs by System Category  -  High Cost Scenario  -  at 7 Percent Discount Rate (2016$)
 Funding
 Type
 Source Water
 Size
                                                                   Previous LCR
                                                                     Final LCRR
                                                                    Incremental
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                    $11,908,000
                                                                    $13,808,000
                                                                     $1,900,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                    $14,808,000
                                                                    $22,440,000
                                                                     $7,632,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $3,795,000
                                                                     $7,314,000
                                                                     $3,519,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $3,686,000
                                                                     $6,394,000
                                                                     $2,708,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $3,260,000
                                                                     $5,127,000
                                                                     $1,867,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $3,581,000
                                                                     $6,247,000
                                                                     $2,666,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $2,207,000
                                                                     $2,914,000
                                                                       $708,000
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                     $3,358,000
                                                                     $5,527,000
                                                                     $2,169,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $915,000
                                                                     $1,386,000
                                                                       $471,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $2,047,000
                                                                     $4,077,000
                                                                     $2,029,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $845,000
                                                                     $1,945,000
                                                                     $1,100,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,522,000
                                                                     $3,184,000
                                                                     $1,662,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                     $2,098,000
                                                                     $3,594,000
                                                                     $1,496,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                     $4,906,000
                                                                    $10,758,000
                                                                     $5,852,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                     $3,022,000
                                                                     $4,658,000
                                                                     $1,636,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $12,767,000
                                                                    $24,757,000
                                                                    $11,990,000
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                       $151,000
                                                                       $343,000
                                                                       $191,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $1,770,000
                                                                     $2,405,000
                                                                       $636,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $9,937,000
                                                                    $16,954,000
                                                                     $7,018,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $9,840,000
                                                                    $19,786,000
                                                                     $9,947,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                    $20,368,000
                                                                    $38,156,000
                                                                    $17,788,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $23,623,000
                                                                    $38,224,000
                                                                    $14,602,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $30,304,000
                                                                    $52,801,000
                                                                    $22,496,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $19,474,000
                                                                    $25,635,000
                                                                     $6,161,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $16,351,000
                                                                    $27,209,000
                                                                    $10,858,000
 Public
 CWS
 Ground
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                     $1,593,000
                                                                     $2,073,000
                                                                       $480,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                     $1,038,000
                                                                     $1,602,000
                                                                       $564,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                     $3,526,000
                                                                     $7,402,000
                                                                     $3,877,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $3,707,000
                                                                     $8,475,000
                                                                     $4,769,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                    $11,544,000
                                                                    $24,156,000
                                                                    $12,612,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                    $25,105,000
                                                                    $43,289,000
                                                                    $18,184,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                    $51,264,000
                                                                   $108,013,000
                                                                    $56,749,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                    $28,957,000
                                                                    $44,680,000
                                                                    $15,723,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                    $72,265,000
                                                                   $144,758,000
                                                                    $72,492,000
 Public
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000
                                                                    $26,074,000
                                                                    $32,870,000
                                                                     $6,796,000
 Total Annual CWS National Costs
                                                                   $431,615,000
                                                                   $762,963,000
                                                                   $331,348,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                     $6,350,000
                                                                     $5,125,000
                                                                    $-1,225,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                     $6,109,000
                                                                     $5,869,000
                                                                      $-240,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                     $1,982,000
                                                                     $2,250,000
                                                                       $268,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                     $1,306,000
                                                                     $1,572,000
                                                                       $266,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $397,000
                                                                       $522,000
                                                                       $124,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $127,000
                                                                       $157,000
                                                                        $29,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $56,000
                                                                        $60,000
                                                                         $3,836
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                       $424,000
                                                                       $439,000
                                                                        $15,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                       $451,000
                                                                       $498,000
                                                                        $47,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                       $214,000
                                                                       $257,000
                                                                        $43,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                       $381,000
                                                                       $460,000
                                                                        $79,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                       $459,000
                                                                       $556,000
                                                                        $97,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                       $232,000
                                                                       $272,000
                                                                        $40,000
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                        $64,000
                                                                        $69,000
                                                                         $4,657
 Public
 NTNCWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                       $148,000
                                                                       $157,000
                                                                         $8,625
 Total Annual NTNCWS National Costs
                                                                    $18,701,000
                                                                    $18,261,000
                                                                      $-440,000
 Total Annual Private PWS National Costs
                                                                    $74,877,000
                                                                   $124,474,000
                                                                    $49,597,000
 Total Annual Public PWS National Costs
                                                                   $375,439,000
                                                                   $656,750,000
                                                                   $281,311,000
 Total Annual PWS National Costs
                                                                   $450,316,000
                                                                   $781,224,000
                                                                   $330,908,000
 Notes: System Category rows are not included for system categories that contain zero systems. Detail may not add exactly to total due to independent rounding.

Household Costs by CWS Size and Source Water Type
The SafeWater LCR model calculates the annualized cost per household. The SafeWater LCR model first calculates the cost per gallon of water produced by the model PWS:
      Cost per galloncws = Annualized CWS Cost / (Average Daily Flowcws * 365 x 1,000)
It then multiplies this cost per gallon by the average annual household consumption (in gallons) to determine the cost per household per year associated with increased costs borne by the model PWS. The SafeWater LCR model then adds to this the total LSLR cost borne by households in the system, divided by the number of households served by the system, to calculate the model PWS's average annual household cost:
Average Annual Household Cost = Annual Household Consumption * Cost per galloncws +
		Total Household Cost of LSLRCWS/Number of HouseholdsCWS
Exhibit 5-139 and Exhibit 5-140 show the distribution of incremental annualized costs for CWS households by primary water source and size category for the low and high scenarios, respectively. Note: the percentiles represent the distribution of average household costs among CWSs in a category not the distribution of costs across all households in a CWS category.

Exhibit 5-139: Annualized Incremental Cost per Household by CWS Category - Low Cost Scenario (2016$)
 Funding
 Type
 Source Water
 Size
                                                                10th Percentile
                                                                25th Percentile
                                                                50th Percentile
                                                                75th Percentile
                                                                90th Percentile
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 Less than 100
                                                                          $5.36
                                                                          $7.00
                                                                         $11.32
                                                                         $18.48
                                                                         $26.40
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100 to 500
                                                                          $1.45
                                                                          $2.32
                                                                          $4.03
                                                                          $5.85
                                                                          $9.92
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 500 to 1,000
                                                                          $0.44
                                                                          $0.54
                                                                          $0.68
                                                                          $0.95
                                                                          $2.18
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                          $0.16
                                                                          $0.22
                                                                          $0.32
                                                                          $0.42
                                                                          $0.98
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                          $0.25
                                                                          $0.31
                                                                          $0.45
                                                                          $0.64
                                                                          $1.96
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                          $0.04
                                                                          $0.06
                                                                          $0.09
                                                                          $0.34
                                                                          $0.72
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                          $0.05
                                                                          $0.06
                                                                          $0.10
                                                                          $0.31
                                                                          $0.34
 Private
 CWS
 Ground
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                          $0.03
                                                                          $0.04
                                                                          $0.10
                                                                          $0.26
                                                                          $0.31
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Less than 100
                                                                          $4.96
                                                                          $7.39
                                                                         $12.05
                                                                         $19.57
                                                                         $34.61
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100 to 500
                                                                          $1.43
                                                                          $2.26
                                                                          $4.08
                                                                          $6.92
                                                                         $13.97
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 500 to 1,000
                                                                          $0.40
                                                                          $0.51
                                                                          $0.78
                                                                          $1.68
                                                                          $3.49
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 1,000 to 3,300
                                                                          $0.16
                                                                          $0.21
                                                                          $0.35
                                                                          $0.77
                                                                          $1.16
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 3,300 to 10,000
                                                                          $0.23
                                                                          $0.31
                                                                          $0.49
                                                                          $1.57
                                                                          $2.45
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 10,000 to 50,000
                                                                          $0.04
                                                                          $0.06
                                                                          $0.36
                                                                          $0.64
                                                                          $2.23
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 50,000 to 100,000
                                                                          $0.03
                                                                          $0.05
                                                                          $0.19
                                                                          $0.30
                                                                          $1.26
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 100,000 to 1,000,000
                                                                          $0.02
                                                                          $0.05
                                                                          $0.19
                                                                          $0.27
                                                                          $0.97
 Private
 CWS
 Surface
 Greater than 1,000,000