PP Number:  6E7033

Summary of Petition

EPA has received pesticide petitions (PP# 6E7033) from the Interregional
Research Project #4 (IR-4), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey,
500 College Road East, Suite 201 W, Princeton, NJ 08540 proposing,
pursuant to section 408(d) of the FFDCA, 21 U.S.C. 346a(d), to amend 40
CFR part 180.510 by establishing tolerances for residues of
pyriproxyfen, 2-[1-methyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy) ethoxy]pyridine, in or on
raw agricultural commodities as follows:  Grass, forage at 0.5 parts per
million (ppm); Grass, hay at 1.0 ppm; Vegetable, root and tuber, group 1
at 0.15 ppm; Vegetable, leaves of root and tuber, group 2 at 2.0 ppm;
Vegetable, bulb, group 3, except Onion, dry bulb at 0.70 ppm; Vegetable,
leafy, except brassica, group 4 at 2.0 ppm ;Vegetable, legume, group 6
at 0.2 ppm; Vegetable, foliage of legume, group 7 at 2.0 ppm; Caneberry,
subgroup 13A at 1.0 ppm; Grain, cereal, group 15 at 1.1 ppm; Grain,
cereal, forage, fodder and straw, group 16 at 1.1 ppm; Animal feed,
nongrass, group 18 at 0.7 ppm for forage, 2.0 for seed, and 1.1 for hay.
In addition, tolerances are proposed for the individual crops:
Artichoke, globe at 2.0 ppm; Asparagus at 2.0 ppm; Banana and plantain
at 0.2 ppm; Cacao bean at 0.02 ppm; Canola, seed at 0.20 ppm; Coffee at
0.02 ppm; Cranberry at 1.0 ppm; Date at 0.3 ppm; Kiwifruit at 0.1 ppm;
Pawpaw at 1.0 ppm; Peanut at 0.2 ppm; Pineapple at 0.3 ppm; Pomegranate
at 0.2 ppm; Safflower, seed at 0.2 ppm; Sesame, seed at 0.2 ppm;
Sugarcane at 1.1 ppm; Tea at 0.02 ppm and Watercress at 2.0 ppm.

EPA has determined that the petitions contain data or information
regarding the elements set forth in section 408(d)(2) of the Federal
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA); however, EPA has not fully evaluated
the sufficiency of the submitted data at this time or whether the data
supports granting of the petitions. Additional data may be needed before
EPA rules on the petitions.

A. Residue Chemistry

1. Plant and animal metabolism. Metabolism of 14C-pyriproxyfen labelled
in the phenoxyphenyl ring and in the pyridyl ring has been studied in
cotton, apples, tomatoes, lactating goats, laying hens and rats. The
major metabolic pathways in plants is aryl hydroxylation and cleavage of
the ether linkage, followed by further metabolism into more polar
products by further oxidation and/or conjugation reactions.  However,
the bulk of the radiochemical residue on raw agricultural commodities
(RAC) samples remained as parent. Comparing metabolites detected and
quantified from cotton, apple, tomato, goat, hen and rat shows that
there are no significant aglycones in plants which are not also present
in the excreta or tissues of animals. The residue of concern is best
defined as the parent, pyriproxyfen.

Ruminant and poultry metabolism studies demonstrated that transfer of
administered 14C-residues to tissues was low. Total 14C-residues in goat
milk, muscle and tissues accounted for less than 2% of the administered
dose, and were less than 1 ppm in all cases. In poultry, total 14C
residues in eggs, muscle and tissues accounted for about 2.7% of the
administered dose, and were less than 1 ppm in all cases except for
gizzard.

2. Analytical method. Practical analytical methods for detecting and
measuring levels of pyriproxyfen (and relevant metabolites) have been
developed and validated in/on all appropriate agricultural commodities,
respective processing fractions, milk, animal tissues, and environmental
samples. The extraction methodology has been validated using aged
radiochemical residue samples from metabolism studies. The methods have
been validated in cottonseed, apples, soil, and oranges at independent
laboratories. EPA has successfully validated the analytical methods for
analysis of cottonseed, pome fruit, nutmeats, almond hulls, and fruiting
vegetables. The limit of detection of pyriproxyfen in the methods is
0.01 ppm which will allow monitoring of food with residues at the levels
proposed for the tolerances.

3. Magnitude of residues

Residue data were generated with pyriproxyfen for tolerance setting and
dietary exposure estimates.  Adequate residue trials  were performed
with pyriproxyfen to support the uses described in this notice of
filing.

B. Toxicological Profile

 tc \l2 "B. Toxicological Profile

An assessment of toxic effects caused by pyriproxyfen is discussed in
Unit III.A. and Unit III.B. of the Federal Register dated April 4, 2001,
(FRL-6772-4) (66 FR 17883).

1. Animal metabolism. The absorption, tissue distribution, metabolism
and excretion of 14C-labeled pyriproxyfen were studied in rats after
single oral doses of 2 or 1,000 milligrams/kilograms body weight (mg/kg
bw) (phenoxyphenyl and pyridyl label), and after a single oral dose of 2
mg/kg bw, phenoxyphenyl label only, following 14 daily oral doses at 2
mg/kg bw of unlabelled material. For all dose groups, most (88-96%) of
the administered radiolabel was excreted in the urine and feces within
two days after radiolabeled test material dosing, and 92-98% of the
administered dose was excreted within seven days. Seven days after
dosing, tissue residues were generally low, accounting for no more than
0.3% of the dosed 14C. Radiocarbon concentrations in fat were higher
than in other tissues analyzed. Recovery in tissues over time indicates
that the potential for bioaccumulation is minimal. There were no
significant sex or dose-related differences in excretion or metabolism.

2. Metabolite toxicology. Metabolism studies of pyriproxyfen in rats,
goats and hens, as well as the fish bioaccumulation study demonstrate
that the parent is very rapidly metabolized and eliminated. In the rat,
most (88-96%) of the administered radiolabel was excreted in the urine
and feces within 2 days of dosing, and 92-98% of the administered dose
was excreted within 7 days. Tissue residues were low 7 days after
dosing, accounting for no more than 0.3% of the dosed 14C. Because
parent and metabolites are not retained in the body, the potential for
acute toxicity from in situ formed metabolites is low. The potential for
chronic toxicity is adequately tested by chronic exposure to the parent
at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and consequent chronic exposure to
the internally formed metabolites.

Seven metabolites of pyriproxyfen, 4'-OH-pyriproxyfen,
5'-OH-pyriproxyfen, desphenyl-pyriproxyfen, POPA, PYPAC, 2-OH-pyridine
and 2,5-diOH-pyridine, have been tested for mutagenicity, via Ames
Assay, and acute oral toxicity to mice. All seven metabolites were
tested in the Ames assay with and without S9 at doses up to 5,000
micro-grams per plate or up to the growth inhibitory dose. The
metabolites did not induce any significant increases in revertible
colonies in any of the test strains. Positive control chemicals showed
marked increases in reverting colonies. The acute toxicity to mice of
4'-OH-pyriproxyfen, 5'-OH-pyriproxyfen, desphenyl-pyriproxyfen, POPA,
and PYPAC did not appear to markedly differ from pyriproxyfen, with all
metabolites having acute oral Lethal Dose (LD50) values greater than
2,000 mg/kg bw. The two pyridines, 2-OH-pyridine and 2,5-diOH-pyridine,
gave acute oral LD50 values of 124 (male) and 166 (female) mg/kg bw, and
1,105 (male) and 1,000 (female) mg/kg bw, respectively.

3. Endocrine disruption. Pyriproxyfen is specifically designed to be an
insect growth regulator and is known to produce juvenoid effects on
arthropod development. However, this mechanism-of-action in target
insects and some other arthropods has no relevance to any mammalian
endocrine system. While specific tests, uniquely designed to evaluate
the potential effects of pyriproxyfen on mammalian endocrine systems
have not been conducted, the toxicology of pyriproxyfen has been
extensively evaluated in acute, sub-chronic, chronic, developmental, and
reproductive toxicology studies including detailed histopathology of
numerous tissues. The results of these studies show no evidence of any
endocrine-mediated effects and no pathology of the endocrine organs.
Consequently, it is concluded that pyriproxyfen does not possess
estrogenic or endocrine disrupting properties applicable to mammals.

C. Aggregate Exposure

 tc \l2 "C. Aggregate Exposure

1. Dietary exposure. An evaluation of chronic dietary exposure including
both food and drinking water has been performed for the U.S. population
and various sub-populations including infants and children. No acute
dietary endpoint and dose was identified in the toxicology data base for
pyriproxyfen, therefore, Valent Corporation concludes that there is a
reasonable certainty of no harm from acute dietary exposure.

i. Food

Chronic dietary exposure to pyriproxyfen residues was calculated for the
U.S. population and 16 population subgroups assuming tolerance level
residues, processing factors from residue studies, and assuming 100 % of
the crop will be treated with pyriproxyfen. The analyses included
residue data for all existing uses, pending uses, and proposed new uses.
The results from several representative subgroups are listed below.
Chronic dietary exposure to the overall U.S. population is estimated to
be 0.0238 mg/kg bw/day, representing 6.8% of the Reference Dose (RfD).

For the most highly exposed sub-population, infants, 0 years of age,
dietary exposure is calculated to be 0.0245 mg/kg bw/day, or 7.0% of the
RfD. Generally speaking, the Agency has no cause for concern if total
residue contribution for established and proposed tolerances is less
than 100% of the RfD.

ii. Drinking Water

Since pyriproxyfen is applied outdoors to growing agricultural crops,
the potential exists for pyriproxyfen or its metabolites to reach ground
or surface water that may be used for drinking water. Because of the
physical properties of pyriproxyfen, it is unlikely that pyriproxyfen or
its metabolites can leach to potable ground water. To quantify potential
exposure from drinking water, surface water concentrations for
pyriproxyfen were estimated using GENEEC.  The residue levels in
drinking water are the peak chronic residue level as estimated by
GENEEC. Using standard assumptions about body weight and water
consumption, the chronic exposure to pyriproxyfen from this drinking
water would be 0.00009 mg/kg bw/day for adults and “0" year infants,
and represent 0.025% of the RfD (0.35 mg/kg/day). Based on this worse
case analysis, the contribution of water to the dietary risk is
negligible.

2. Non-dietary exposure. Pyriproxyfen is currently registered for use on
residential non-food sites. Pyriproxyfen is the active ingredient in
numerous registered products for flea and tick control. Formulations
include foggers, aerosol sprays, emulsifiable concentrates, and
impregnated materials (pet collars). With the exception of the pet
collar uses, consumer use of pyriproxyfen typically results in acute and
short-term intermittent exposures. No acute dermal, or inhalation dose
or endpoint was identified in the toxicity data for pyriproxyfen.
Similarly, doses and endpoints were not identified for short and
intermediate term dermal or inhalation exposure to pyriproxyfen. The
Agency has concluded that there are reasonable certainties of no harm
from acute, short-term, and intermediate-term dermal and inhalation
occupational and residential exposures due to the lack of significant
toxicological effects observed.

Chronic residential post-application exposure and risk assessments were
conducted to estimate the potential risks from pet collar uses. The risk
assessment was conducted using the following assumptions: application
rate of 0.58 mg active ingredient (ai)/day, average bw for a 1-6 year
old child of 10 kg, the a.i. dissipates uniformly through 365 days (the
label instructs to change the collar once a year), 1% of the active
ingredient is available for dermal and inhalation exposure per day
(assumption from Draft EPA Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for
Residential Exposure Assessments, December 18, 1997). The assessment
also assumes an absorption rate of 100%. This is a conservative
assumption since the dermal absorption was estimated to be 10%. The
estimated chronic term MOE was 61,000 for children, and 430,000 for
adults. The risk estimates indicate that potential risks from pet collar
uses do not exceed the Agency's level of concern.

D. Cumulative Effects

 tc \l2 "D. Cumulative Effects

Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) requires that the Agency must consider
“available information” concerning the cumulative effects of a
particular pesticide's residues and “other substances that have a
common mechanism of toxicity.” Available information in this context
include not only toxicity, chemistry, and exposure data, but also
scientific policies and methodologies for understanding common
mechanisms of toxicity and conducting cumulative risk assessments. For
most pesticides, although the Agency has some information in its files
that may turn out to be helpful in eventually determining whether a
pesticide shares a common mechanism of toxicity with any other
substances, EPA does not at this time have the methodologies to resolve
the complex scientific issues concerning common mechanism of toxicity in
a meaningful way.

There are no other pesticidal compounds that are structurally related to
pyriproxyfen and have similar effects on animals. In consideration of
potential cumulative effects of pyriproxyfen and other substances that
may have a common mechanism of toxicity, there are currently no
available data or other reliable information indicating that any toxic
effects produced by pyriproxyfen would be cumulative with those of other
chemical compounds. Thus, only the potential risks of pyriproxyfen have
been considered in this assessment of aggregate exposure and effects.

E. Safety Determination

 tc \l2 "E. Safety Determination

U.S. population

i. Chronic dietary exposure and risk to adult sub-populations. The
results of the chronic dietary exposure assessment described above
demonstrate that estimates of chronic dietary exposure for all existing,
pending and proposed uses of pyriproxyfen are well below the chronic RfD
of 0.35 mg/kg bw/day. The estimated chronic dietary exposure from food
for the overall U.S. population and many non-child/infant subgroups is
from 0.006 to 0.0245 mg/kg bw/day, 1.7 to 7.0% of the RfD. Addition of
the small but worse case potential chronic exposure from drinking water
(calculated above) increases exposure by only 0.00002 mg/kg bw/day and
does not change the maximum occupancy of the RfD significantly.
Generally, the Agency has no cause for concern if total residue
contribution is less than 100% of the RfD. It can be concluded that
there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the overall
U.S. Population or any non-child/infant subgroups from aggregate,
chronic dietary exposure to pyriproxyfen residues.

ii. Acute dietary exposure and risk to adult sub-populations. No acute
dietary endpoint and dose were identified in the toxicology data base
for pyriproxyfen; therefore, it can be concluded that there is a
reasonable certainty that no harm will result to the overall U.S.
population or any non-child/infant subgroups from aggregate, acute
dietary exposure to pyriproxyfen residues.

iii. Non-dietary exposure and aggregate risk to adult sub-populations.
Acute, short term, and intermediate term dermal and inhalation risk
assessments for residential exposure are not required due to the lack of
significant toxicological effects observed. The results of a chronic
residential post-application exposure and risk assessment for pet collar
uses demonstrate that potential risks from pet collar uses do not exceed
the Agency's level of concern. The estimated chronic term MOE for adults
was 5700.

Infants and children

i. Safety factor for infants and children. In assessing the potential
for additional sensitivity of infants and children to residues of
pyriproxyfen, FFDCA section 408 provides that EPA shall apply an
additional margin of safety, up to 10-fold, for added protection for
infants and children in the case of threshold effects unless EPA
determines that a different margin of safety will be safe for infants
and children.

The toxicological data base for evaluating pre-natal and post-natal
toxicity for pyriproxyfen is complete with respect to current data
requirements. There are no special prenatal or postnatal toxicity
concerns for infants and children, based on the results of the rat and
rabbit developmental toxicity studies or the 2-generation reproductive
toxicity study in rats. Valent concludes that reliable data support use
of the standard 100-fold uncertainty factor and that an additional
uncertainty factor is not needed for pyriproxyfen to be further
protective of infants and children.

ii. Chronic dietary exposure and risk to infants and children. Using the
conservative exposure assumptions described above, the percentage of the
RfD that will be utilized by chronic dietary (food only) exposure to
residues of pyriproxyfen ranges from 0.013 mg/kg bw/day children 6-12
years old,  up to 0.0245 mg/kg bw/day for infants (0 years of age), 3.8
and 7.0% of the RfD, respectively. Adding the worse case potential
incremental exposure to infants from pyriproxyfen in drinking water (0.9
x 10-4 mg/kg bw/day) does not materially increase the aggregate, chronic
dietary exposure and only increases the occupancy of the RfD by 0.009%.
EPA generally has no concern for exposures below 100% of the RfD because
the RfD represents the level at or below which daily aggregate dietary
exposure over a lifetime will not pose appreciable risks to human
health. Valent concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no
harm will result to infants and children from aggregate, chronic dietary
exposure to pyriproxyfen residues.

iii. Acute dietary exposure and risk infants and children. No acute
dietary endpoint and dose were identified in the toxicology data base
for pyriproxyfen; therefore, Valent believes that there is a reasonable
certainty that no harm will result to infants and children from
aggregate, acute dietary exposure to pyriproxyfen residues.

iv. Non-dietary exposure and aggregate risk infants and children. Acute,
short term, and intermediate term dermal and inhalation risk assessments
for residential exposure are not required due to the lack of significant
toxicological effects observed. The results of a chronic residential
post-application exposure and risk assessment for pet collar uses
demonstrate that potential risks from pet collar uses do not exceed the
Agency's level of concern. The estimated chronic term MOE for children
was 1425.

F. International Tolerances

 tc \l2 "F. International Tolerances

There are no presently existing Codex maximum residue levels (MRLs) for
pyriproxyfen.


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John Wile?. and Sons. he., New York. Sawyer. C. N. 1960. Chembtrj for 3aniUry epgineem. Mffiraw Hill Book Co., New York. Standard methods for the examination of waier and wastewater, 18thed.. 1971. Edited by Michael C. Rand. et a]. American Public Health h n . , American Water Works Asan., Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington, D. C.

SOLIDS ( SUSPENDED, SETTLEABLE) AND TURBIDITY REFERENCES CITED Edberg. N. and Hofsten, B. V. 1973. Oxygen uptake of bottom sediment studied in situ and in the Inboratory. Water Resemth, I : 1285. European. Inland fisheries Advisary Commiasion. 1965. Water quality criteria for European freshwater fiih, report on finely divided solids and inland fisheries. InL Jour. Air Water Poll. 9: 151. Gammon. J. R 1970. The effect of inorganic sediment on stmam biota Water Poll. Cont. Rea. Serieb, 18060 DWC W O . U. S. Environmental Proteetion Agency. US. Govern ment Rinting Office. Washington, D. C. Mackenthun. K. M. 1973. Toward a cleaner aquatic envimnment US. Government Rinting Office, Washington. D. C. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. 1974. Water quality criteria, 1972 US. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. Standard methala for the eramination of water and wastewater, 1971.13th ed. Edited by Mictwl C. Rand, et al. American Public Health h n . , American Water Works h n . , Water Pollution Control Federation. T m e l l . C. M., and A. R Gnufin. 1959. Some important hiologieal effecta of pollution often disregarded in StRam survey. Roceedings of the 0th RYdue industrial waste mnferrnce. Reprinted in Biology of water pollution, 1367. US. Depanmenr of Interior, Washingl0n. D. C. Tebo, L. B., Jr. 1955. Effects of siltation, resulting from improper logging, on the bottom fauna of a smll trout stream in the southern Appalachians. The RogRaaive fish Culturist. 11:  4. SULFIDE  HYDROGEN SULFIDE REFERENCES CITED Adelman. 1. R. and L. L. Smith. 1970. Effect of hy 3 sulfide on nwthern pike egga and Rmn. C. W.. and B J . Follis. 1967. Effects of hydmren sulfide onchanneleaffuh Tram. aae fry. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soe 99: 501. , Amer Fiih. Scc 96 31 d m o n and mut Wash. Ikpt. Fish. Res. Bull. No. 5. Jom. 3 . R 1364. Fish and river pollution. Butteworth, London. National W e m y of Sciences. National Academy of Engineering. 1974. Water qUditY criteria 1972 U. S. Government Printing Offioe. WashingWn. D. C. b i d . D. M., and L. L Smith, 1974a Chronic toxicity of hydrogen sulide to Gammnur pruddimnneus. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soe. Im. h i d . D. M.. and L. L Smith. 1974b. Long termeffectsof hydmgensulfideonHc2ogen~ limbat0 ( Ephemeroptera). Environmental Ecology. h i d , D. M., and LL. Smith. 1974~. Facton influencing acute coxicity estimates of hydrogen sulfide to freshwater invertebrates Water Research 8. Smith, LL 1971. Influence of hydrogen sulfide on fish and arthmpods. R o j d 18050 PCG, U. S. Environmental R o w t i o n Agency. WaahingWn, D. C. Smith, L. L.. and D. M. h i d , 1972 Effects of hydrogen sulfide on fish eggs and fry. Water Reeesrch, G: 711. Smith, LL, Jr., and D. M. & id. 1974. Effwt of hy n sulfide on development and sunrival of eight freshwater fish speck. Pagw 415 470 in J. H. S. Blaner, ed. Tbe early life history of fish. Sprinpr Verlag. New York. Theede. H., et 81. 1969. Studies on the resistance of marine bottom invertebrates to oxygen deficiencies and hydrogen sulfrde. Mar. Biol. 2: 325. Van Horn, W. M. 1958. The effect of pulp and paper mill wastes on aquatic l i k Roe. Ontario Indust. Wmte Cod. 5 60.

TAINTING SUBSTANCES REFERENCES CITED Boyie. H. W. 1967. TaJte/ dor mntamination of fish from theOhio River. Federal Water Pollution Conml Administration, Cincinnati. Ohio. National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering. 1974. Water quality criteria, 1972. U. S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D. C. Shumwsy, D. L.. and J. R. Palensky. 1973. Impairment of the flavor of fish by water pollutants. U. S. Environmental PmLection Agency, EPA R. 3 7M10, US. Government Rinting Office, Waahingwn, D. C. Thomas. N. A. 1973 Aasesament of fish flesh t i n t i n g substances. In J. Cairns and K. L. Dicksan, eds. Biological methods for the assessment of water quality. Amer. Soeiety for Testing and Materials. Tech. Publ. 528. Philadelphia TEMPERATURE REFERENCES CITED Ballentine. RK., and F. W. Kitmll. 1%. Obeervations of fed mlifom in several m n t stream pollution studies. RoeeedingJ of the Symposium on Fecal Coliform Bacterh in Water and Watewater, May 21 2,196s. Bureau of Sanituy Eqmeering, California State Department of Public Health. BlncL, E. C. 1953. Upper lethal temperatm of Mme British Columbia frsahwater fiihe. Jour. Fish. Res Bd. Can. 10 196. BretL J . R W I . Tempering v e n u acclimation in the planting of spgWedbvut Trura. Amer. Fish. Sx. 70: 391. BretL J. R 1%. Some principles in the thermal requirements of rubes. M y Rev. Biol. 31: 75. Brett J. R 1W. Thermal requirements of fwh threo d s d e s of study, 194& 1970. In C. M. Tarzwell, ed. Biol* cal pmblem in water pollution. Public H d t h Senriee. U. S. Dept of Health. Education and Welfare. Burnson. B. 19S. Seamnal temperarm variations in relation to anter mtment. J w . h e r . Water Warlo & an. 30: 793. Cairns. J.. Jr. 1456. Eifects of in& temperatures on qutk organkm I d 4 W a r n . 1: 50. CalabRse. A 1968. Individual and mmbined e f f e of lulinity d temperature on e d r y o e and lmae of the mot clam, Mulink Mia ( Spy). Biol. Bull. lS7, S: 417. Camp, T. R 1963. Water and iw impurities. Reinhold Publishing %., New Y& Chin, E. 1961. A trawl study of an estuarine nwsery wea in Gdveaton Bay ritb panicular referenoe la penaeid rhrimp. Ph. D. Dissenation, Univvsityof Wuhin% on Gmtloa, J. D.. Jr.. d C. G. BmWlout 1971. The effect of eydie t e m p l r t u r a on h d development in the mud aab, JZhitAmpowp~ d haorririi. In D. I. Crisp, ed. F d European marine biolcgy sympium Cambridge Univemity Rsa h d o n Coutant. C. C. IW. Thermal pollution biological effects: A review of the Literature of 1967. Jour. Water Poll. Cont Fed. 40: 1M7. Coutant, C. C. 1968. Thermal pollution biological effest. 5: A review of the literature of 1968. Jour. Water Poll. Cont Fed. 41: 1836. h u n t , C. C. 1970, Thermal pllution biological effects: A review of the Literature of 1989. Jour. Water PoU. Cont Fed. 4: 1025. Couunt, C. C. 1971. Thermal pollution biological effects: A review of the literature of 1970. Jour. Water PoU. Cont Fed. 43: 1292 Coumt, C. C. 1972 Biological ~ p e e t s of thermal pollution, 11. SdentifK hsis for r a t e temperature a t ~ n d u d s nt power phnnta. CRC Critical Rev. in hviron Cant 8: L Coutant. C. C. 1975. Temperature selection hy & h a f m r in pow plant impact smeaumenfll In Symposium on the physical d biological e f f e on the environment of m l i n g srstema d thermal discharp at nuclear p w e r ations Intemstjorul Atomic hergy Agency. Coumt, C. C.. m d C. P. coodyear. 1972 Water pollution tkd pdlution: Areview of the literature of 1971 J w . Water Poll. Cont Fed. 44: 1250. CoutlnL C. C., and H. A Pfuderer. 1978. Tbermal effe litenture r& ew iaw Jour. Water Poll. Cont Fed. 45: EX. Couunt, C. C.. d H A Pfuderer. 1974. Tbernul effe titmature review iaw Jour. Water Poll. Cont Fed 16: 1476. Crisp, D J . 1957. Wfea of low temperature on the k d m g of myiDe dnvk Nature, 179: 1x78. De Sylvr, D. P. 1983. l ' h r e t k l mnsidemtions of tbe e f f d of heated effluents on mvine f'sbes I n PA KreJel d F. C. M u , eds. BioloBiaJ . spgu of thermal pollution V. aderbilt Uuivemity Freat, NMhville. Tern dtvluuiug, V. L 1971. Tbe effecb of food deprivation d vlinity ehnges on repdue tive fm& m in the rstuuine pbiid fmh, C; Uiehuy# m'mbilia. Biol. Bull 141: 4.58. devluning, V. L l977. The e f f e of temperature ud pbotoperiod on reproductive cycling of tbe mtuuine pbiid f M h , Gilliehuya nirrdilu. fLhry Bull. 70,4: 1151. Dow. RL W73. Fluctutioua in mvine apgies . buwhce during clinutic c y c k Mu, T e h Sx. Jour. 7 k 5%. Environmental Resevch Lboramy. 1976. prmdwra for developing tempeatwe miteria for frahwp. ter f& Emlogid Reaeych series. repfi in  tion ERL' Duluth. Mjm PLdenl Wrtpr Pollution Contml Administnrion l967. Tempenture ud q u t i c life. L. bontmy laveatigatiorm No. 6. Technical Ad. risory lad Invmtigatiom Branch, C i d t i . Ohio. Fry, F. EJ. 1967. Rmpomz of vertebrate poiLilotbenns to tewersture I n AH. Rose. ed.

h=

xa eiwr Vorbehandlung nit koast. nten urd wghaelnden tempentauen uti die hiWemistenr von Gommonu sdiw uod I& ta kJuim &. Biol. 15: 12 Clude, J. B. ISM The e f f d of temperature d psd. tora on the . bundance of the mfubell drm, dlyoamk, in New Fh& d. TMb Amer. Fish Soc & 19. I ' Rcm, NewYok Glynn. P. W. 1963. b m o d i t i e s of eehiwids andocberrpefllrtog. nismsmi~ nt 6th midday. low water erposursa in Puerto Rieo. Mar. Biol. 3 226. Gouda. J. G. 1~ iZ h M [ vanition in tbe reapow of & ne popuhtioy to k t e d warn in tbe vidnity of m gewratang phnt Ph. D. DLssenrtaon, Umversty of RbodekLnd. H d . S A et J. 1967. Contml techniques for mrgulrtiobfdbation Jwr. Amer. Water I T I . I'

I E ! ! !

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7 . , I I ! UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF WATER REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS CRITERIA AND STANDARDS DIVISION UPDATE t2 to " QUALITY CRITERIA FOR WATER 1986"

May 1, 1987 This is the second update to the EPA document " Quality Criteria for Water 1986". Included in this package are criteria summaries for contaminants that were recently revised as well as a criteria summary for a new contaminant. Several hand corrections are also included.

@ Revised New Hand corrections INDEX CHLORPYRIFOS AMMONIA SUMMARY CHART CYANJDE NICKEL CHLORINATED ETHANES P ARATH I ON PENTACHLOROPHENOL TOXAPHENE ZINC Directions: a. Replace sections that have been revised with b. Insert new section alphabetically. c. Make the identified hand corrections. new sections.

For additional information contact: EPA's Criteria and Standards Division at ( 202) 475 7315. I HAND CORRECTIONS . .

. . . . oaia  page 5, center page, third line of equation should be changed from .' . " FPH = 1 : 8 < pH < 9"

to . . ,

; 8 5 pH < 9" " FPH = 1  ' '. . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cyanide  last page, include the following after the last line . . . . "( 45 F  R  79318, NOV. 2 8 , 1980) ( 50 F . R . 30784, July 2 9 . 1985)" ." SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY"

., . . . . . , .

 . ':.' Chlorinated Ethanes  last page, change . .

1 " 1.03 ug/ l"

to " 1.03 g/ L" , INDEX INTRODUCTION SUMMARY CHART NTIS No.

PB 81 117269 PB 81 117277 PB 81 117285 PB 263943 PB 263943 PB 81 117301 PB 85 227114 PB 81 117319 PB 85 227445 PB 81 117335 PB 263943 PB 81 117293 PB 81 117343 PB 81 117350 PB 263943 PB 85 227031 PB 81 117376 PB 81 1' 17384 PB 81 117392 PB 81 117400 PB 81 117426 PB 85 227429 PB 81 117434 PB 81 117418 PB 81 117442 PB 263943 PB 87 105359 PB 85 227478 PB 81 117459 PB 263943 PB 85 227023 PB 85 227460 PB 81 117491 PB 263943 PB 81 117509 PB 81 117517 PB 81 117525 PB 81 117533 PB 86 158 045  i PB 263943 Acenaphthene Acrolein Acrylonitrile Aesthetics Alkalinity AldrinDieldrin Ammonia Antimony Arsenic Asbestos Bacteria Barium Benzene Benzidine Beryllium Boron Cadmium Carbon Tetrachloride Chlordane Chlorinated Benzenes Chlorinated Ethanes Chlorinated Naphthalenes Chlorine Chlorinated Phenols Chloroalkyl Ethers Chloroform Chlorophenoxy Herbicides Chlorpyrifos Chromium 2 Chlorophenol Color Copper Cyanide DDT and Metabolites Demeton Dichlorobenzenes Dichlorobenzidine Dichloroethylenes 2.4.  DichloroDhenol Dichloropropanes/ Dichloropropenes 2.4.  Dimethylphenol Dinitrotoluene Diphenylhydrazine Endosulfan Endrin Ethylbenzene Fluoranthene Gasses, Total Dissolved PB 81 117541 PB 81 117558 PB 81 117566 PB 81 117731 PB 81 117574 PB 81 117582 PB 81 117590 PB 263943 PB 8i ii76oa Guthion Haloethers Halomethanes Hardness Heptachlor Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclohexane Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Iron Isophorone Lead Ma la thion Manganese Mercury Methoxychlor Mirex Naphthalene Nickel Nitrates. Nitrites Nitrobenzene Nitrophenols Nitrosamines Oil and Grease Oxygen, Dissolved Parathion Pentachlorophenol Ph Phenol Phosphorus Phthalate Esters Polychlorinated Biphenyls Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Selenium Silver Solids ( Dissolved) h Salinity Solids ( Suspended) h Turbidity Sulfides, Hydrogen Sulfide Tainting Substances Temperature <IP_ADDRESS> Tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin Tetrachloroethylene Thallium Toluene Toxaphene Trichlorocthylene Vinyl Chloride Zinc PB 263943 PB 81 117616 PB 81 117624 PB 263943 PB 81 117632 PB 81 117640 PB 81 117657 PB 81 117665 PB 263943 PB 81 117673 PB 85 227437 PB 263943 PB 263943 PB 85 227452 PB 263943 PB 263943 PB 81 117707 PB 87 105359 PB 263943 PB 81 117723 PB 81 117749 PB 81 117756 PB 263943 PB 86 208253 PB 87 105383 PB 87 105391 PB 263943 PB 81 117772 PB 263943 PB 81 117780 PB 81 117798 PB 81 117806 PB 81 117814 PB 81 117822 PB 263943 1 PB 263943 PB 263943 PB 263943 PB 263943 EPA # 440/ 5 84 007 PB 81 117830 PB 81 117848 PB 81 117855 PB 87 105375 PB 81 117871 PB 81 117889 PB 87 153581 APPENDIX A Methodology for Developing Criteria APPENDIX B Methodology for Developing Criteria APPENDIX C Methodology  or Developing Criteria BIBLIOGRAPHY a CHLORPYRIFOS Summary The acute values for eighteen freshwater species in fifteen genera range from 0.11 ug/ L for an amphipod to greater than 806 ug/ L for two fishes and a snail. The bluegill is the most acutely sensitive fish species with an acute value of 10 ug/ L,

but seven intervetebrate genera are more sensitive. Smaller organisms seem to be more acutely sensitive than larger ones.

Chronic toxicity data are available for one freshwater species, the fathead minnow. Unacceptable effects occurred in second generation larvae at 0.12 ug/ L, which was the lowest concentration tested. The resulting acute chronic ratio was greater than 1,417.

Little information is available on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos to freshwater plants, although algal blooms frequently follow field applications of chlorpyrifos. The only available bioconcentration test on chlorpyrifos with a freshwater species was with the fathead minnow and resulted in a bioconcen

tration factor of 1,673.

The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos has been determined for 15 species of saltwater animals in 12 genera with the acute values ranging from 0.01 ug/ L for the Korean shrimp, Palaemon macrodactvlus, to 1.911 ug/ L for larvae of the eastern oyster,

Crassostrea virginica. Arthropods are particularly sensitive to chlorpyrifos. Among the 10 species of fish tested, the 96 hr LC50s range from 0 . 5 8 ug/ L for striped bass to 520 ug/ L for gulf toadfish. Fish larvae are more sensitive than other life stages.

Growth of the mysid, Mysidolssis bahia, was reduced at 0.004 ug/ L in a life cycle test. In early life stage tests, the California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis, was the most sensitive of the six a.

fishes, with growth being reduced at 0.30 ug/ L. Of the seven acute chronic ratios that have been determined with saltwater species, the five lowest range from 1.374 to 12.50, whereas the highest is 228.5.

Concentrations of chlorpyrifos affecting six species of saltwater phytoplankton range from 138 to 10,000 ug/ L. BCFs ranged from 100 to 5,100 when the gulf toadfish was exposed to . oncentrations increasing from 1.4 to 150 ug/ L. Steady state BCFs averaged from 100 to 757 for five fishes exposed in early life stage tests.

National Criteria The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of chlorpyrifos does not exceed 0.041 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 0.083 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly a where a locally important species is very sensitive, saltwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of chlorpyrifos does not exceed 0.0056 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 0.011 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

Three yeaks is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the average amount of time aquatic ecosystems should be provided.

between excursions. The resiliences of ecosystems and their abilities to recover differ greatly, however, and site specific allowed excursion frequencies may be established if adequate justification is provided.

a Use of criteria for developing water quality based permit limits and for designing waste treatment facilities requires selection of an appropriate wasteload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criteria.

Limited data or other consideretions might make their use impractical, in which case one must rely on a steady state model.

( 51 F. R. 43665, December 3 , 1986) SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY a Summary Acute values with twency one freshwater species in 18 genera range from 1,101 ug/ L for a cladoceran to 43,240 ug/ L for a fish.

Fishes and invertebrates are both spread throughout the range of sensitivity. Acute values with four species are significantly correlated with hardness. Data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of nickel to two invertebrates and two fishes in freshwater. Data available for two species indicate that chronic toxicity decreases as hardness increases. The measured chronic values ranged from 14.77 ug/ L with DaDhnia maqna in soft water to 526.7 ug/ L with the fathead minnow in hard water. Five acute

chronic ratios are available for two species in soft and hard water and range from 14 to 122.

Nickel appears to be quite toxic to freshwater algae, with a concentrations as low as 50 ug/ L producing significant inhibition. Bioconcentration factors for nickel range from 0.8 for fish muscle to 193 for a cladoceran. I Acute values for twenty three saltwater species in twenty genera range from 151.7 ug/ L with juveniles of a mysid of to 1,100,000 ug/ L with juveniles and adults of a clam. The acute values for the four species of fish range from 7,598 to 350.000 ug/ L. The acute toxicity of nickel appears to be related to salinity, but the form of the relationship appears to be species

dependent.

Mysidopsis bahia is the only saltwater species with which an acceptable chronic test has been conducted on nickel. Chronic 0 exposure to 141 ug/ L and greater resulted in reduced survival and reproduction. The measured acute chronic ratio was 5.478. 01 Bioconcentration factors in saltwater range from 261.8 with a oyster to 675 with a brown alga.

National Criteria The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of nickel ( in ( 0.8460[ In ug/ L) does not exceed the numerical value given by e ( hardness) 1+ 1.1645) more than once every three. years on the average and if the one hour average concentration ( in ug/ L) does not exceed the numerical value given by e ( 0.846011n 0)

more than once every three years on the ( hardness) 1+ 3.3612)

average. For example, at hardnesses of 50. 100, and 200 mg/ L as CaC03 the four day average concentrations of nickel are 88, 160.

and 280 ug/ L, respectively, and the one hour average concentrations are 790, 1400. and 2500 ug/ L.

The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, saltwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of nickel does not exceed 8.3 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 0 ) a 75 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

" Acid soluble'' is probably the best measurement at present for expressing criteria for metals and the criteria for nickel were developed on this basis. However, at this time, no EPA approved method for such a measurement is available to implement criteria for metals through the regulatory programs of the Agency and the States. The Agency is considering development and approval of a method for a measurement such as " acid soluble."

Until one is approved, however, EPA recommends applying criteria for metals using the total recoverable method. This has two impacts: ( 1) certain species of some metals cannot be measured because the total recoverable method cannot distinguish between individual oxidation States, and ( 2 ) in some cases these criteria might be overly protective when based on the total recoverable method .

Three years is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the average amount of time aquatic ecosystems should be provided between excursions. The resiliences of ecosystems and their abilities to recover differ greatly, however, and site specific allowed excursion frequencies may be established if adequate justification is provided.

Use of criteria for developing water quality based permit limits and for designing waste treatment facilities requires selection of an appropriate wasteload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criteria.

Limited data or other considerations might make their use impractical, in which case one must rely on a steady state model. ( 51 F . R . 43665, December 3, 1986) SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY PARATHION Summary The acute values for thirty seven freshwater species in thirty one genera range from 0.04 ug/ L for an early instar of a crayfish, Orconectes nais, to 5,230 ug/ L for two species of tubificid worms. For Daphnia mama, the chronic value and acute

chronic ratio are 0.0990 ug/ L and 10.10 respectively. Chronic toxicity values are available for two freshwater fish species,

the bluegill and the fathead minnow, with chronic values of 0.24 ug/ L and 6.3 ug/ L, and acute chronic ratios of 2.121 and 79.45.

respectively. Two freshwater algae were affected by toxaphene concentrations of 30 and 390 ug/ L, respectively.

Bioconcentration factors determined with three fish species ranged from 27 to 573.

The acute values that are available for saltwater species are 11.5 and 17.8 ug/ L for the Korean shrimp, Palaemon macrodactvlus.

and 17.8 ug/ L for the striped bass, Morone saxatilis. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of parathion to saltwater species, toxicity to saltwater plants, or bioaccumulation by saltwater species. Some data indicate that parathion is acutely lethal to commercially important saltwater shrimp at concentrations as low as 0.24 ug/ L. Measurement of acetylcholinesterase ( AChE) in fish tissue might be useful for diagnosing fish kills caused by parathion.

National Criteria The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater a aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of parathion does not exceed 0.013 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 0.065 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" require the availability of specified data for the derivation of a criterion. A saltwater criterion for parathion cannot be derived because very few of the required data are available.

Three years is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the .

I average amount of time aquatic ecosystems should be provided between excursions. The resiliences of ecosystems and ` their abilities to recover differ greatly, however, and site specific allowed excursion frequencies may be established if adequate justification is provided.

Use of criteria for developing water quality based permit limits and for designing waste treatment facilities requires selection of an appropriate wasteload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criteria.

Limited data or other considerations might make their use impractical, in which case one must rely on a steady state model.

( 51 F. R. 43665, December 3, 1986) SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY PENTACHLOROPHENOL ( PCP)

Summary The acute and chronic toxicity of PCP to freshwater animals increased as pH and dissolved oxygen concentration of the water decreased. Generally, toxicity also increased with increased temperature. The estimated acute sensitivities of 36 species at pH = 6.5 ranged from 4.355 ug/ L for larval common carp to > 43,920 ug/ L for a crayfish. At pH = 6.5, the lowest and highest estimated chronic values of 11.835 and 79.06 ug/ L, respectively,

were obtained with different cladoceran species. Chronic toxicity to fish was affected by the presence of impurities, with industrial grade PCP being more toxic than purified samples.

Mean acute chronic ratios for six freshwater species ranged from 0.8945 to > 15.79, but the mean ratios for the four most acutely sensitive species only range 0.8945 to 5.035. Freshwater algae were affected by concentrations as low as 7.5 ug/ L, whereas vascular plants were affected at 189 ug/ L and above.

Bioconcentration factors ranqed from 7.3 to 1,066 for three species of fish.

Acute toxicity values from tests with 18 species of saltwater animals, representing 17 genera, range from 22: 63 ug/ L for late yolk sac larvae of the Pacific herring, Clupea narenqus pallasi,

to 18,000 ug/ L for adult blue mussels, Mvtllus edulis. The embryo and larval stages of invertebrates and the late larval premetamorphosis stage of a s h appear to be the most sensitive 0 life stages to PCF. With few exceptions, M s h are more sensitive . than invertebrates to PCP. Salinity, temperature, and pR have a slight effect on the toxicity of PCP to some saltwater animals.

Life cycle toxicity tests have been conducted with the sheepshead minnow, Cmrinodon variegatus. and the polychaete worm, Ophrvotrocha diadema. The chronic value for the minnow is 64.31 ug/ L and the acute chronic ratio is 6.873. Unfortunately,

no statistical analysis of the data from the test with the worm is available.

The EC506 for saltwater plants range from 17.40 ug/ L for the diatom, Skeletonema costatum, to 3.600 ug/ L for the green alga,

Dunaliella tertiolecta. Apparent steady state BCFs are available for the eastern oyster. Crassostrea virginica, and two saltwater fishes and range from 10 to 8 2 .

National Criteria The procedures described in F e " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration ( in ug/ L) of pentachlorophenol does not exceed the numerical value given by e 11.005( pH) 5 2901 more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration ( in ug/ L) does not exceed the numerical value given by e [ l. OOS( pH) 4.8301 than once every three years on the average. For example, at pH =

6.5. 7.8, and 9.0 the four day average concentrations pentachlorophenol are 3.5, 13, and 43 ug/ L, respectively, and the one hour average concentrations are 5.5, 20, and 68 ug/ L. At pH = 6.8, a pentachlorophenol concentration of 1.74 ug/ L caused a 50% reduction in the growth of yearling sockeye salmon in a 56

day test. a The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, saltwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of pentachlorophenol does not exceed 7.9 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 13 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

Three years is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the average amount of time aquatic ecosystems should be provided between excursions. The resiliences of ecosystems and their abilities to recover differ greatly, however, and site specific allosred excursion frequencies may be established if adequate justification is provided.

Use of criteria for developing water quality based permit limits and for designing waste treatment facilities requires selection of an appropriate wasteload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criteria.

Limited data or other considerations might make their w e impractical, in which case one must rely on a steady state model.

( 51 F . R . 43665, December 3, 1986) SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY TOXAPHENE Summary The acute sensitivities of 36 freshwater species in 28 genera ranged from 0.8 ug/ L to 500 ug/ L. Such important fish species as the channel catfish, largemouth bass, chinook and coho salmon,

brook, brown and rainbow trout, striped bass, and bluegill had acute senitivities ranging from 0.8 ug/ L to 10.8 ug/ L. Chronic values for four freshwater species range from less than 0.039 ug/ L for the brook trout to 0.1964 ug/ L for the channel catfish.

The growth of algae was affected at 100 to 1,000 ug/ L, and bioconcentration factors from laboratory tests ranged from 3.100 to 90,000. Concentrations in lake trout in the Great Lakes have frequently exceeded the U. S. FDAJaction level of 5 mg/ kg, even though the concentrations in the water seem to be only 1 to 4 ng/ L. These concentrations in lake water are thought to have resulted from toxaphene being transported to the Great Lakes from remote sites, the locations of which are not well known. a The acute toxicity of toxaphene to 15 species of saltwater animals ranges from 0.53 for pinfish, Laqodon rhomoides. to 460.000 ug/ L for the adults of the clam, Ranqia cuneata. Except for resistant species tested at concentrations greater than toxaphene's water solubility, acute values for most species were within a factor of 10. The toxicity of toxaphene was found to decrease slightly with increasing salinity for adult blue crabs.

Callinectes sapidus, whereas no relationship between toxicity and salinity was observed with the three spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Temperature significantly affected the toxicity of toxaphene to blue crabs.

Early life stage toxicity tests have been conducted with the sheepshead minnow, Cmrinodon varieqatus, and the longnose killifish, Fundulus similis, whereas life cycle tests have been conducted with the sheepshead minnow and a mysid. For the sheepshead minnow, chronic values of 1.658 ug/ L from the early life stage test and 0.7141 ug/ L from the life cycle toxicity test are similar to the 96 hr LC50 of 1.1 ug/ L. Killifish are more chronically sensitive with effects noted at 0.3 ug/ L. In the life cycle test with the mysid, no adverse effects were observed at the highest concentration tested, which was only slightly below the 96 hr LC50, resulting in an acute chronic ratio of 1.132.

Toxaphene is bioconcentrated by an oyster, Crassostrea 01 virsinica, and two fishes, C. variegatus and z similis, to concentrations that range from 9,380 to 70.140 times that in the test solution.

National Criteria The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of toxaphene does not exceed 0.0002 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 0.73 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

0 If the concentration of toxaphene does exceed 0.0002 ug/ L. the edible portions of consumed species should be analyzed to determine whether the concentration of toxaphene exceeds the FDA action level of 5 mg/ kg. If the channel catfish is as acutely sensitive as some data indicate it might be, it will not be protected by this criterion.

The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, saltwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of toxaphene does not exceed 0.0002 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 0.21 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average.

If the concentration of toxaphene does exceed 0.0002 ug/ L, the edible portions of consumed species should be analyzed to determine whether the concentration of toxaphene exceeds the FDA action level of 5 mg/ kg. e I Three years is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the average amount of time aquatic ecosystems should be provided between excursions. The resiliences of ecosystems and their abilities to recover differ greatly, however, and site specific allowed excursion frequencies may be established if adequate justification is provided.

Use of criteria for developing water quality based permit 0 limits and for designing waste treatment facilities requires selection of an appropriate wasteload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criteria.

Limited data or other considerations might make their use impractical, in which case one must rely on a steady state model.

( 51 F. R. 43665, December 3, 1986) SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY 0) Summary Acute toxicity values are available for 43 species of fresl rater animals and data for eight species indicate that acute toxicity decreases as hardness increases. When adjusted to a hardness of 50 mg/ L, sensitivities range from 50.70 ug/ L for CeriodaDhnia reticulata to 88,960 ug/ L for a damselfly.

Additional data indicate that toxicity increases as temperGture increases. Chronic toxicity data are available for nine freshwater species. Chronic values for two invertebrates ranged from 46.73 ug/ L for DaDhnia mama to > 5,243 ug/ L for the caddisfly, Clistoronla magziifica. Chronic values for seven fish species ranged from 36.41 ug/ L for the flagfish, Jordanella 9 floridae, to 854.7 ug/ L for the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis. Acute chronic ratios ranged from 0.2614 to 41.20.

but the ratios for the sensitive species were all less than 7.3.

The sensitivity range of freshwater plants to zinc is greater than that for animals. Growth of the alga, Selenastrum capriocornutum, was inhibited by 30 ug/ L. On the other hand,

with several other species of green algae, 4 day EC5Os exceeded 200,000 ug/ L. Zinc was found to bioaccumulate in freshwater animal tissues from 51 to 1,130 times the concentration present in the water.

Acceptable acute toxicity values for zinc are available for 33 species of saltwater animals including 26 invertebrates and 7 fish. LCSOs range from 191.5 ug/ L for cabezon, ScorDanichthvs a marmoratus to 320.400 ug/ L for adults of another clam, Macoma balthica. Early life stages of saltwater invertebrates and 01 fishes are generally more sensitive to zinc than juveniles and adults. Temperature has variable and inconsistent effects on the sensitivity of saltwater invertebrates to zinc. The sensitivity of saltwater vertebrate animals to zinc deyreases with increasing salinity, but the magnitudG of the effect is species specific.

A life cycle test with the mysid, Mvsidopsia bahia, found unacceptable effects at 120 ug/ L, but not at 231 ug/ L, and the acute chronic ratio was 2.997. Seven species of saltwater plants were affected at concentrations ranging from 19 to 10,100 ug/ L.

Bioaccumulation data for zinc are available for seven species of saltwater algae and five species of saltwater animals. Steady

state zinc bioconcentration factors for the twelve species range from 3.692 to 23.820.

National Criteria The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their Uses" indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, freshwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of zinc ( in ( 0.847311n ug/ L) does not exceed the numerical value given by e more than once every three years on the ( hardness) l+ 0.7614)

average and if the one hour average concentration ( in ug/ L) does ( 0.8473 [ In not exceed the numerical value given by e more than once every three years on the ( hardness)]+ 0.8604) 0 average. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/ L as CaC03. the four day average concentrations of zinc are 5 9 , 110 and 190 ug/ L, respectively, and the one hour average concentrations are 65, 120, and 210 ug/ L. If the striped bass is as sensitive as some data indicate, it will not be protected by this criterion.

The procedures described in the " Guidelines for Deriving Numerical National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Organisms and Their U s e s " indicate, that except possibly where a locally important species is very sensitive, saltwater aquatic organisms and their uses should not be affected unacceptably if the four day average concentration of zinc does not exceed 86 ug/ L more than once. every three years on the average and if the one hour average concentration does not exceed 95 ug/ L more than once every three years on the average. a " Acid soluble'' is probably the best measurement at present for expressing criteria for metals and the criteria for zinc were developed on this basis. However, at this time no FPA approved method for such a measurement is available to implement criteria for metals through the regulatory programs of the Agency and the States. The Agency is considering development and approval of a method for a measurement such as " acid soluble.'' Until one is approved, however, EPA recommends applying criteria for metals using the total recoverable method. This has two impacts: ( 1)

certain species of Some metals cannot be measured because the total recoverable method cannot distinguish between individual oxidation States, and ( 2 ) in some cases these criteria might be overly protective when based on the total recoverable method. Three years is the Agency's best scientific judgment of the average amount of time aquatic ecosystems should be provided a between excursions. The resiliences of ecosystems and their abilities to recover differ greatly, however, and site specific allowed excursion frequencies may be established if adequate justification is provided.

Use of criteria for developing water quality based permit limits and for designing waste treatment facilities requires selection of an appropriate wasteload allocation model. Dynamic models are preferred for the application of these criteria.

Limited data or other considerations might make their use impractical, in which case one must rely on a steady state model.

( 5 2 F . R . 6213, March 2 . 1987) SEE APPENDIX A FOR METHODOLOGY


[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 213 (Thursday, November 3, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 68101-68103]
[FR Doc No: 2011-28448]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 165

[Docket No. USCG-2011-0774]
RIN 1625-AA00

Safety Zone; Art Gallery Party St. Pete 2011 Fireworks Display,
Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, FL

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Temporary final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Coast Guard is establishing a temporary safety zone on the
waters of Tampa Bay in the vicinity of Spa Beach in St. Petersburg,
Florida during the Art Gallery Party St. Pete 2011 Fireworks Display on
Friday, November 11, 2011. The safety zone is necessary to protect the
public from the hazards associated with launching fireworks over the
navigable waters of the United States. Persons and vessels are
prohibited from entering, transiting through, anchoring in, or
remaining within the safety zone unless authorized by the Captain of
the Port St. Petersburg or a designated representative.

DATES: This rule is effective from 10:30 p.m. until 11:35 p.m. on
November 11, 2011.

ADDRESSES: Documents indicated in this preamble as being available in
the docket are part of docket USCG-2011-0774 and are available online
by going to http://www.regulations.gov, inserting USCG-2011-0774 in the
``Keyword'' box, and then clicking ``Search.'' They are also available
for inspection or copying at the Docket Management Facility (M-30),
U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room
W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this
temporary final rule, call or email Marine Science Technician First
Class Nolan L. Ammons, Sector St. Petersburg Prevention Department,
Coast Guard; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>, email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
If you have questions on viewing the docket, call Renee V. Wright,
Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Regulatory Information

    The Coast Guard is issuing this temporary final rule without prior
notice and opportunity to comment pursuant to authority under section
4(a) of the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5 U.S.C. 553(b)). This
provision authorizes an agency to issue a rule without prior notice and
opportunity to comment when the agency for good cause finds that those
procedures are ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public
interest.'' Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the Coast Guard finds that good
cause exists for not publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM)
with respect to this rule because the Coast Guard did not receive
necessary information regarding the fireworks display until August 1,
2011. As a result, the Coast Guard did not have sufficient time to
publish an NPRM and to receive public comments prior to the fireworks
display. Any delay in the effective date of this rule would be contrary
to the public interest because immediate action is needed to minimize
potential danger to the public during the fireworks display.
    Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast Guard finds that good cause
exists for making this rule effective less than 30 days after
publication in the Federal Register. Due to the dangers posed by the
pyrotechnics used in these fireworks displays, the safety zones are
necessary to provide for the safety of event participants, spectator
craft, and other vessels transiting the event areas. For the safety
concerns noted, it is in the public interest to have these regulations
in effect during the events. This rule is intended to ensure the safety
of the event participants, spectators and other waterway users, thus
any delay in the rule's effective date would be impractical.

Basis and Purpose

    The legal basis for the rule is the Coast Guard's authority to
establish regulated navigation areas and other limited access areas: 33
U.S.C. 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701, 3306, 3703; 50 U.S.C. 191, 195; 33
CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, 160.5; Pub. L. 107-295, 116 Stat. 2064;
Department of Homeland Security Delegation No. 0170.1.
    The purpose of the rule is to protect the public from the hazards
associated with the launching of fireworks over navigable waters of the
United States.

Discussion of Rule

    On November 11, 2011, Creative Pyrotechnics is sponsoring the Art
Gallery Party St. Pete 2011 Fireworks Display in St. Petersburg,
Florida. The fireworks display will be launched from Spa Beach and will
explode over the waters of Tampa Bay. The fireworks display is
scheduled to commence at 11 p.m. and conclude at 11:05 p.m.

    The safety zone encompasses certain waters of Tampa Bay within the
vicinity of Spa Beach in St. Petersburg, Florida. This safety zone will
be enforced from 10:30 p.m. on November 11, 2011, thirty minutes prior
to the scheduled commencement of the fireworks display at approximately
11 p.m., to ensure the safety zone is clear of persons and vessels.
Enforcement of the safety zone will cease at 11:35 p.m. on November 11,
2011, thirty minutes after the scheduled conclusion of the fireworks
display, to account for possible delays.
    Persons and vessels are prohibited from entering, transiting
through, anchoring in, or remaining within the safety zone unless
authorized by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg or a designated
representative. Persons and vessels desiring to enter, transit through,
anchor in, or remain within the safety zone may contact the Captain of
the Port St. Petersburg by telephone at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or a designated
representative via VHF radio on channel 16, to request authorization.
If authorization to enter, transit through, anchor in, or remain within
the safety zone is granted by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg or
a designated representative, all persons and vessels receiving such
authorization must comply with the instructions of the Captain of the
Port St. Petersburg or a designated representative. The Coast Guard
will provide notice of the safety zone by Local Notice to Mariners,
Broadcast Notice to Mariners, and on-scene designated representatives.

Regulatory Analyses

    We developed this rule after considering numerous statutes and
executive orders related to rulemaking. Below we summarize our analyses
based on 13 of these statutes or executive orders.

Executive Order 12866 and Executive Order 13563

    This rule is not a significant regulatory action under section 3(f)
of Executive Order 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, as
supplemented by Executive Order 13563, and does not require an
assessment of potential costs and benefits under section 6(a)(3) of
that Order. The Office of Management and Budget has not reviewed it
under that Order.
    The economic impact of this rule is not significant for the
following reasons: (1) The safety zone will be enforced for one hour
and five minutes; (2) vessel traffic in the area is expected to be
minimal during the enforcement period; (3) although persons and vessels
will not be able to enter, transit through, anchor in, or remain within
the safety zone without authorization from the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative, they may operate in the
surrounding area during the enforcement period; (4) persons and vessels
may still enter, transit through, anchor in, or remain within the
safety zone if authorized by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg or
a designated representative; and (5) the Coast Guard will provide
advance notification of the safety zone to the local maritime community
by Local Notice to Mariners and Broadcast Notice to Mariners.

Small Entities

    Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601-612), we have
considered whether this rule would have a significant economic impact
on a substantial number of small entities. The term ``small entities''
comprises small businesses, not-for-profit organizations that are
independently owned and operated and are not dominant in their fields,
and governmental jurisdictions with populations of less than 50,000.
    The Coast Guard certifies under 5 U.S.C. 605(b) that this rule will
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities. This rule may affect the following entities, some of which
may be small entities: the owners or operators of vessels intending to
enter, transit through, anchor in, or remain within that portion of
Tampa Bay encompassed within the safety zone from 10:30 p.m. until
11:35 p.m. on November 11, 2011. For the reasons discussed in the
Executive Order 12866 and Executive Order 13563 section above, this
rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial
number of small entities.

Assistance for Small Entities

    Under section 213(a) of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (Pub. L. 104-121), we offer to assist small
entities in understanding the rule so that they can better evaluate its
effects on them and participate in the rulemaking process.
    Small businesses may send comments on the actions of Federal
employees who enforce, or otherwise determine compliance with, Federal
regulations to the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory
Enforcement Ombudsman and the Regional Small Business Regulatory
Fairness Boards. The Ombudsman evaluates these actions annually and
rates each agency's responsiveness to small business. If you wish to
comment on actions by employees of the Coast Guard, call 1-(888)-REG-
FAIR (1-(888) 734-3247). The Coast Guard will not retaliate against
small entities that question or complain about this rule or any policy
or action of the Coast Guard.

Collection of Information

    This rule calls for no new collection of information under the
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520).

Federalism

    A rule has implications for federalism under Executive Order 13132,
Federalism, if it has a substantial direct effect on State or local
governments and would either preempt State law or impose a substantial
direct cost of compliance on them. We have analyzed this rule under
that Order and have determined that it does not have implications for
federalism.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538)
requires Federal agencies to assess the effects of their discretionary
regulatory actions. In particular, the Act addresses actions that may
result in the expenditure by a State, local, or tribal government, in
the aggregate, or by the private sector of $100,000,000 or more in any
one year. Though this rule will not result in such an expenditure, we
do discuss the effects of this rule elsewhere in this preamble.

Taking of Private Property

    This rule will not effect a taking of private property or otherwise
have taking implications under Executive Order 12630, Governmental
Actions and Interference with Constitutionally Protected Property
Rights.

Civil Justice Reform

    This rule meets applicable standards in sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2)
of Executive Order 12988, Civil Justice Reform, to minimize litigation,
eliminate ambiguity, and reduce burden.

Protection of Children

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13045, Protection
of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks. This rule
is not an economically significant rule and does not create an
environmental risk to health or risk to safety that may
disproportionately affect children.

Indian Tribal Governments

    This rule does not have tribal implications under Executive Order
13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments,

because it does not have a substantial direct effect on one or more
Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal Government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes.

Energy Effects

    We have analyzed this rule under Executive Order 13211, Actions
Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
Distribution, or Use. We have determined that it is not a ``significant
energy action'' under that order because it is not a ``significant
regulatory action'' under Executive Order 12866 and is not likely to
have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use
of energy. The Administrator of the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs has not designated it as a significant energy
action. Therefore, it does not require a Statement of Energy Effects
under Executive Order 13211.

Technical Standards

    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) (15
U.S.C. 272 note) directs agencies to use voluntary consensus standards
in their regulatory activities unless the agency provides Congress,
through the Office of Management and Budget, with an explanation of why
using these standards would be inconsistent with applicable law or
otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical
standards (e.g., specifications of materials, performance, design, or
operation; test methods; sampling procedures; and related management
systems practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus
standards bodies.
    This rule does not use technical standards. Therefore, we did not
consider the use of voluntary consensus standards.

Environment

    We have analyzed this rule under Department of Homeland Security
Management Directive 023-01 and Commandant Instruction M16475.lD, which
guide the Coast Guard in complying with the National Environmental
Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321-4370f), and have concluded
this action is one of a category of actions that do not individually or
cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment. This
rule is categorically excluded, under figure 2-1, paragraph (34)(g), of
the Instruction. This rule involves the establishment of a temporary
safety zone that will be enforced for a total of one hour and five
minutes. An environmental analysis checklist and a categorical
exclusion determination are available in the docket where indicated
under ADDRESSES.

List of Subjects in 33 CFR Part 165

    Harbors, Marine safety, Navigation (water), Reporting and
recordkeeping requirements, Security measures, Waterways.

    For the reasons discussed in the preamble, the Coast Guard amends
33 CFR part 165 as follows:

PART 165--REGULATED NAVIGATION AREAS AND LIMITED ACCESS AREAS

0
1. The authority citation for part 165 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 1231; 46 U.S.C. Chapter 701, 3306, 3703;
50 U.S.C. 191, 195; 33 CFR 1.05-1, 6.04-1, 6.04-6, 160.5; Pub. L.
107-295, 116 Stat. 2064; Department of Homeland Security Delegation
No. 0170.1.

0
2. Add a temporary Sec.  165.T07-0774 to read as follows:

Sec.  165.T07-0774  Safety Zone; Art Gallery Party St. Pete 2011
Fireworks Display, Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, FL.

    (a) Regulated area. The following regulated area is a safety zone:
all waters of Tampa Bay within a 140-yard radius of position
27[deg]46'31'' N, 82[deg]37'38'' W. All coordinates are North American
Datum 1983.
    (b) Definition. The term ``designated representative'' means Coast
Guard Patrol Commanders, including Coast Guard coxswains, petty
officers, and other officers operating Coast Guard vessels, and
Federal, state, and local officers designated by or assisting the
Captain of the Port St. Petersburg in the enforcement of the regulated
area.
    (c) Regulations. (1) All persons and vessels are prohibited from
entering, transiting through, anchoring in, or remaining within the
regulated area unless authorized by the Captain of the Port St.
Petersburg or a designated representative.
    (2) Persons and vessels desiring to enter, transit through, anchor
in, or remain within the regulated area may contact the Captain of the
Port St. Petersburg by telephone at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or a designated
representative via VHF radio on channel 16, to request authorization.
If authorization to enter, transit through, anchor in, or remain within
the regulated area is granted by the Captain of the Port St. Petersburg
or a designated representative, all persons and vessels receiving such
authorization must comply with the instructions of the Captain of the
Port St. Petersburg or a designated representative.
    (3) The Coast Guard will provide notice of the regulated area by
Local Notice to Mariners, Broadcast Notice to Mariners, and on-scene
designated representatives.
    (d) Effective date. This rule is effective from 10:30 p.m. until
11:35 p.m. on November 11, 2011.

    Dated: September 28, 2011.
S.L. Dickinson,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port.
[FR Doc. 2011-28448 Filed 11-2-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P


[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 89 (Monday, May 9, 2011)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 26606-26607]
[FR Doc No: 2011-11060]

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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 117

[Docket No. USCG-2011-0308]

Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Illinois Waterway, Near Morris,
IL

AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS.

ACTION: Notice of temporary deviation from regulations.

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SUMMARY: The Commander, Eighth Coast Guard District, has issued a
temporary deviation from the regulation governing the operation of the
Elgin, Joliet, and Eastern Railroad Drawbridge across the Illinois
Waterway, mile 270.6, near Morris, Illinois. The deviation is necessary
to allow removal of the existing lift span and installation of the
replacement lift span. This deviation allows the bridge to be
maintained in the closed-to-navigation position for eighty-four hours.

DATES: This deviation is effective starting 7 a.m. on or about June 2,
2011, for an eighty-four hour period.

ADDRESSES: Documents mentioned in this preamble as being available in
the docket are part of docket USCG-2011-0308 and are available online
by going to http://www.regulations.gov, inserting USCG-2011-0308 in the
``Keyword'' box and then clicking ``Search.'' They are also available
for inspection or copying at the Docket Management Facility (M-30),
U.S. Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room
W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions on this rule,
call or e-mail Eric A. Washburn, Bridge Administrator, Western Rivers,
Coast Guard; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>, e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
If you have questions on viewing the docket, call Renee V. Wright,
Program Manager, Docket Operations, telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Canadian National Railroad requested a
temporary deviation for Elgin, Joliet, and Eastern Railroad Drawbridge,
across the Illinois Waterway, mile 270.6, near Morris, Illinois to
remain in the closed-to-navigation position for eighty-four hours while
the existing lift span is removed and the replacement lift span is
installed. The Elgin, Joliet, and Eastern Railroad Drawbridge currently
operates in accordance with 33 CFR 117.5, which states the general
requirement that drawbridges shall open promptly and fully for the
passage of vessels when a request to open is given in accordance with
the subpart.
    There are no alternate routes for vessels transiting this section
of the Illinois Waterway.
    The Elgin, Joliet, and Eastern Railroad Drawbridge, in the closed-
to-navigation position, provides a vertical clearance of 26.3 feet
above flat pool. Navigation on the waterway consists primarily of
commercial tows and recreational watercraft. This temporary deviation
has been coordinated with waterway users. No objections were received.
    In accordance with 33 CFR 117.35(e), the drawbridge must return to
its regular operating schedule immediately at the end of the designated
time period. This

deviation from the operating regulations is authorized under 33 CFR
117.35.

    Dated: April 26, 2011.
Eric A. Washburn,
Bridge Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2011-11060 Filed 5-6-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P