[Federal Register: September 7, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 173)]
[Notices]
[Page 51426]
[DOCID:fr07se07-53]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

[Docket No. OA07-81-000]

PJM Transmission Owners; Notice of Compliance Filing

August 28, 2007.
    Take notice that on July 13, 2007, PJM Transmission Owners, acting
through the Consolidated Transmission Owners Agreement, jointly
submitted a filing in compliance with Paragraph 263 of Order No. 890.
    Any person desiring to intervene or to protest this filing must
file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Rules of
Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211, 385.214). Protests will be
considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate action to
be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to the
proceeding. Any person wishing to become a party must file a notice of
intervention or motion to intervene, as appropriate. Such notices,
motions, or protests must be filed on or before the comment date.
Anyone filing a motion to intervene or protest must serve a copy of
that document on the Applicant and all the parties in this proceeding.
    The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests and
interventions in lieu of paper using the ``eFiling'' link at http://www.ferc.gov.
 Persons unable to file electronically should submit an

original and 14 copies of the protest or intervention to the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission, 888 First Street, NE., Washington, DC
20426.
    This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov, using the

``eLibrary'' link and is available for review in the Commission's
Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an ``eSubscription''
link on the Web site that enables subscribers to receive e-mail
notification when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For
assistance with any FERC Online service, please e-mail
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or call<PHONE_NUMBER> (toll free). For

TTY, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    Comment Date: 5 p.m. Eastern Time on September 19, 2007.

Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.
 [FR Doc. E7-17665 Filed 9-6-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6717-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 150 (Tuesday, August 5, 2014)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 45412-45420]
[FR Doc No: 2014-18443]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

49 CFR Part 541

[Docket No. NHTSA-2014-0082]

Preliminary Theft Data; Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),
Department of Transportation.

ACTION: Publication of preliminary theft data; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: This document requests comments on data about passenger motor
vehicle thefts that occurred in calendar year (CY) 2012, including
theft rates for existing passenger motor vehicle lines manufactured in
model year (MY) 2012. The preliminary theft data indicate that the
vehicle theft rate for CY/MY 2012 vehicles (1.1294 thefts per thousand
vehicles) increased by 14.21 percent from the theft rate for CY/MY 2011
vehicles (0.9889) thefts per thousand vehicles).
    Publication of these data fulfills NHTSA's statutory obligation to
periodically obtain accurate and timely theft data, and publish the
information for review and comment.

DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before October 6, 2014.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by Docket No. NHTSA-2012-
0082 by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting
comments.
     Mail: Docket Management Facility: U.S. Department of
Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: West Building Ground Floor, Room
W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. ET,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
     Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    Instructions: For detailed instructions on submitting comments and
additional information on the rulemaking process, see the Public
Participation heading of the Supplementary Information section of this
document. Note that all comments received will be posted without change
to http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information
provided. Please see the Privacy Act heading below.
    Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all
comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's
complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on
April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-78) or you may visit http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or
comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov or the street
address listed above. Follow the online instructions for accessing the
dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Deborah Mazyck, Office of
International Policy, Fuel Economy and Consumer Programs, NHTSA, 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590. Ms. Mazyck's telephone
number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Her fax number is<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: NHTSA administers a program for reducing
motor vehicle theft. The central feature of this program is the Federal
Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Standard, 49 CFR part 541. The standard
specifies performance requirements for inscribing or affixing vehicle
identification numbers (VINs) onto certain major original equipment and
replacement parts of high-theft lines of passenger motor vehicles.
    The agency is required by 49 U.S.C. 33104(b)(4) to periodically
obtain, from the most reliable source, accurate and timely theft data,
and publish the data for review and comment. To fulfill the Sec.
33104(b)(4) mandate, this document reports the preliminary theft data
for CY 2012 the most recent calendar year for which data are available.
    In calculating the 2012 theft rates, NHTSA followed the same
procedures it has used since publication of the 1983/1984 theft rate
data (50 FR 46669, November 12, 1985). The 2012 theft rate for each
vehicle line was calculated by dividing the number of reported thefts
of MY 2012 vehicles of that line stolen during calendar year 2012 by
the total number of vehicles in that line manufactured for MY 2012, as
reported to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). As in all
previous reports, NHTSA's data were based on information provided to
NHTSA by the National Crime Information Center (NCIC) of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. The NCIC is a government system that receives
vehicle theft information from approximately 23,000 criminal justice
agencies and other law enforcement authorities throughout the United
States. The NCIC data also include reported thefts of self-insured and
uninsured vehicles, not all of which are reported to other data
sources.
    The preliminary 2012 theft data show an increase in the vehicle
theft rate when compared to the theft rate experienced in CY/MY 2011
(For 2011 theft data, see 79 FR 7090, February 6, 2014). The
preliminary theft rate for MY 2012 passenger vehicles stolen in
calendar year 2012 increased to 1.1294 thefts per thousand vehicles
produced, an increase of 14.21 percent from the rate of 0.9889 thefts
per thousand vehicles experienced by MY 2011 vehicles in CY 2011. For
MY 2012 vehicles, out of a total of 210 vehicle lines, nine lines had a
theft rate higher than 3.5826 per thousand vehicles, the established
median theft rate for MYs 1990/1991 (See 59 FR 12400, March 16, 1994).
Of the nine vehicle lines with a theft rate higher than 3.5826, eight
are passenger car lines, one is a multipurpose passenger vehicle line,
and none are light-duty truck lines.
    The data presented in this publication reflect an increase in the
overall vehicle theft rate for CY/MY 2012, which is slightly
inconsistent with the general theft rate trend over the past several
years. Historically however, the data has shown an overall decreasing
trend with periods of increase from one year to the next. While the
theft rate data show only a slight increase in the overall theft rate
for CY/MY 2012, the agency welcomes any comments on the increase in the
overall theft rate for this period.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP05AU14.001

    In Table I, NHTSA has tentatively ranked each of the MY 2012
vehicle lines in descending order of theft rate. Public comment is
sought on the accuracy of the data, including the data for the
production volumes of individual vehicle lines.
    Comments must not exceed 15 pages in length (49 CFR 553.21).
Attachments may be appended to these submissions without regard to the
15 page limit. This limitation is intended to encourage commenters to
detail their primary arguments in a concise fashion.
    If a commenter wishes to submit certain information under a claim
of confidentiality, three copies of the

complete submission, including purportedly confidential business
information, should be submitted to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, at the
street address given in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section,
and two copies from which the purportedly confidential information has
been deleted should be submitted to the docket. A request for
confidentiality should be accompanied by a cover letter setting forth
the information specified in the agency's confidential business
information regulation. 49 CFR Part 512.
    All comments received before the close of business on the comment
closing date indicated above for this document will be considered, and
will be available for examination in the docket at the above address
both before and after that date. To the extent possible, comments filed
after the closing date will also be considered. Comments on this
document will be available for inspection in the docket. NHTSA will
continue to file relevant information as it becomes available for
inspection in the docket after the closing date, and it is recommended
that interested persons continue to examine the docket for new
material.
    Those persons desiring to be notified upon receipt of their
comments in the rules docket should enclose a self-addressed, stamped
postcard in the envelope with their comments. Upon receiving the
comments, the docket supervisor will return the postcard by mail.
    Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all
comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's
complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on
April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78) or you may visit
http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov.
BILLING CODE 4910-59-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP05AU14.002

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP05AU14.003

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP05AU14.004

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP05AU14.005

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP05AU14.006

    Authority:  Under authority delegated in 49 CFR part 1.95.

David M. Hines,
Acting Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.
[FR Doc. 2014-18443 Filed 8-4-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-59-C


[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 79 (Tuesday, April 24, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 24362-24364]
[FR Doc No: 2012-9199]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 39

[Docket No. FAA-2011-1224; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-175-AD;
Amendment 39-17021; AD 2012-08-04]
RIN 2120-AA64

Airworthiness Directives; Bombardier, Inc. Airplanes

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for certain
Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B19 (Regional Jet Series 100 & 440)
airplanes. This AD was prompted by reports of the air driven generator
(ADG) failing to power essential buses during functional tests, due to
the low threshold setting of the circuit protection on the ADG's
generator control unit (GCU) preventing the ADG from supplying power to
the essential buses. This AD requires installing a new or serviceable
ADG GCU. We are issuing this AD to prevent loss of power from the ADG
to the essential buses which, in the event of an emergency, could
prevent continued safe flight.

DATES: This AD becomes effective May 29, 2012.
    The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of a certain publication listed in this AD as of May 29,
2012.

ADDRESSES: You may examine the AD docket on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov or in person at the

U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West
Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Assata Dessaline, Aerospace Engineer,
Avionics and Flight Test Branch, ANE-172, FAA, New York Aircraft
Certification Office (ACO), 1600 Stewart Avenue, Suite 410, Westbury,
New York 11590; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Discussion

    We issued a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR
part 39 to include an AD that would apply to the specified products.
That NPRM was published in the Federal Register on November 8, 2011 (76
FR 69157). That NPRM proposed to correct an unsafe condition for the
specified products. The MCAI states:

    There have been several occurrences of the air driven generator
(ADG) failure to power essential buses during functional tests of
the ADG. It was found that the low threshold setting of the circuit
protection on the ADG generator control unit (GCU) can prevent the
supply of power from the ADG to the essential buses. In the event of
an emergency, loss of power to the essential buses can prevent
continued safe flight.
This [TCCA] directive mandates the replacement of the ADG GCU.

You may obtain further information by examining the MCAI in the AD
docket.

Comments

    We gave the public the opportunity to participate in developing
this AD. We have considered the comments received.

Request To Shorten the Compliance Time

    The Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA) requested the
compliance time of ``24 months after the effective date of the AD'' be
reduced because ALPA believes that the compliance time is too long to
comply with the proposed AD (76 FR 69157, November 8, 2011) based on
the importance of replacement.
    We do not agree to shorten the compliance time. In developing the
compliance time, we determined that the compliance time of 24 months is
appropriate in considering the safety implications, the average
utilization rate of the affected fleet, the practical aspects of an
orderly inspection of the fleet during regular maintenance periods, and
the availability of required replacement parts. In addition, our
compliance time corresponds with the 24-month compliance time of the
parallel AD issued by Transport Canada Civil Aviation (TCCA). We have
not changed the AD in this regard.

Request To Reference Hamilton Sundstrand's Part Number

    Comair, Inc. requested that we revise paragraphs (g) and (h) of the
NPRM (76 FR 69157, November 8, 2011) to reference Hamilton Sundstrand's
part number, in addition to the Bombardier part numbers for the ADG
GCU, because by doing so, Comair believes the AD will make certain all
suspect ADG GCUs are removed and replaced and will be congruent with
the manufacturer's manual.
    We agree with the request to reference Hamilton Sundstrand's part
number for the ADG GCU that is affected, and not higher assembly part
numbers. Bombardier Service Bulletin 601R-24-130, dated April 27, 2011,
refers to Hamilton Sundstrand Service Bulletin ERPS10G-24-1, dated
February 9, 2011, as an additional source of guidance for modifying and
testing the ADG GCU with new printed wiring assemblies and re-
identifying the GCU with a new part number. We have updated paragraphs
(g) and (h) of this AD to include the Hamilton Sundstrand part number.

Request To Revise Costs of Compliance Section

    Air Wisconsin requested that we revise the Costs of Compliance
section of the NPRM (76 FR 69157, November 8, 2011) to show a more
accurate cost to operators of 7 hours labor. While the task of
replacing the ADG CGU requires 2 hours of labor, the commenter states
that post-modification testing requires an additional 5 work-hours.
    We partially agree. The work-hours quoted in Bombardier Service
Bulletin 601R-24-130, dated April 28, 2011, include only the labor time
required for replacement, while the Hamilton Sundstrand service
information estimates 4 work-hours for replacement of the printed
wiring assemblies from the GCU and functional testing of the ADG.
Because it may be necessary to do a non-destructive test (NDT)
inspection on some airplanes, we have added an additional work-hour. We
have changed the labor time required to 6 work-hours in the Costs of
Compliance section of this AD.

Conclusion

    We reviewed the available data, including the comments received,
and determined that air safety and the public interest require adopting
the AD with the changes described previously. We determined that these
changes will not increase the economic burden on any operator or
increase the scope of the AD.

Costs of Compliance

    Based on the service information, we estimate that this AD affects
589 products of U.S. registry. We also estimate that it takes 6 work-
hours per product to comply with the basic requirements of this
proposed AD. The average labor rate is $85 per work-hour. Required
parts cost $0 per product. Where the service information lists required
parts costs that are covered under warranty, we have assumed that there
will be no charge for these parts. As we do not control warranty
coverage for affected parties, some parties may incur costs higher than
estimated here. Based on these figures, we estimate the cost of the AD
on U.S. operators to be $300,390, or $510 per product.

Authority for This Rulemaking

    Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. ``Subtitle VII: Aviation
Programs,'' describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's
authority.
    We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
``Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.

Regulatory Findings

    We determined that this AD will not have federalism implications
under Executive Order 13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct
effect on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.
    For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
    1. Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order
12866;
    2. Is not a ``significant rule'' under the DOT Regulatory Policies
and Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979);
    3. Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska; and
    4. Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative,

on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria of the
Regulatory Flexibility Act.
    We prepared a regulatory evaluation of the estimated costs to
comply with this AD and placed it in the AD docket.

Examining the AD Docket

    You may examine the AD docket on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov; or in person at the Docket Operations office
between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal
holidays. The AD docket contains the NPRM (76 FR 69157, November 8,
2011), the regulatory evaluation, any comments received, and other
information. The street address for the Docket Operations office
(telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>) is in the ADDRESSES section. Comments will
be available in the AD docket shortly after receipt.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39

    Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.

Adoption of the Amendment

    Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:

PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.

Sec.  39.13  [Amended]

0
2. The FAA amends Sec.  39.13 by adding the following new AD:

2012-08-04 Bombardier, Inc.: Amendment 39-17021. Docket No. FAA-
2011-1224; Directorate Identifier 2011-NM-175-AD.

(a) Effective Date

    This airworthiness directive (AD) becomes effective May 29,
2012.

(b) Affected ADs

    None.

(c) Applicability

    This AD applies to Bombardier, Inc. Model CL-600-2B19 (Regional
Jet Series 100 & 440) airplanes, certificated in any category,
serial numbers 7305 through 7990 inclusive, and 8000 through 8109
inclusive.

(d) Subject

    Air Transport Association (ATA) of America Code 24: Electrical
Power.

(e) Reason

    This AD was prompted by reports of the air driven generator
(ADG) failing to power essential buses during functional tests, due
to the low threshold setting of the circuit protection on the ADG's
generator control unit (GCU) preventing the ADG from supplying power
to the essential buses. We are issuing this AD to prevent loss of
power from the ADG to the essential buses which, in the event of an
emergency, could prevent continued safe flight.

(f) Compliance

    You are responsible for having the actions required by this AD
performed within the compliance times specified, unless the actions
have already been done.

(g) Actions

    Within 24 months after the effective date of this AD, remove the
ADG GCU, Bombardier part number (P/N) 604-90800-7 (Hamilton
Sundstrand P/N 761341A), and install a new or serviceable ADG GCU,
Bombardier P/N 604-90800-27 (Hamilton Sundstrand P/N 761341B), in
accordance with the Accomplishment Instructions of Bombardier
Service Bulletin 601R-24-130, dated April 27, 2011.

(h) Parts Installation

    As of the effective date of this AD, no person may install an
ADG GCU, Bombardier P/N 604-90800-7 (Hamilton Sundstrand P/N
761341A) on any airplane.

(i) Other FAA AD Provisions

    The following provisions also apply to this AD:
    (1) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs): The Manager, New
York Aircraft Certification Office (ACO), ANE-170, FAA, has the
authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the
procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19,
send your request to your principal inspector or local Flight
Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending information
directly to the ACO, send it to Attn: Program Manager, Continuing
Operational Safety, FAA, New York ACO, 1600 Stewart Avenue, Suite
10, Westbury, New York 11590; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax 516-794-
5531. Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office. The AMOC approval letter must specifically
reference this AD.
    (2) Airworthy Product: For any requirement in this AD to obtain
corrective actions from a manufacturer or other source, use these
actions if they are FAA-approved. Corrective actions are considered
FAA-approved if they are approved by the State of Design Authority
(or their delegated agent). You are required to assure the product
is airworthy before it is returned to service.

(j) Related Information

    Refer to MCAI Canadian Airworthiness Directive CF-2011-26, dated
July 25, 2011; and Bombardier Service Bulletin 601R-24-130, dated
April 27, 2011; for related information.

(k) Material Incorporated by Reference

    (1) You must use the following service information to do the
actions required by this AD, unless the AD specifies otherwise. The
Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference (IBR) of the following service information under 5 U.S.C.
552(a) and 1 CFR part 51:
    (i) Bombardier Service Bulletin 601R-24-130, dated April 27,
2011.
    (2) For service information identified in this AD, contact
Bombardier, Inc., 400 C[ocirc]te-Vertu Road West, Dorval,
Qu[eacute]bec H4S 1Y9, Canada; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax 514-855-
7401; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Internet http://www.bombardier.com.
    (3) You may review copies of the service information at the FAA,
Transport Airplane Directorate, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton,
Washington. For information on the availability of this material at
the FAA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    (4) You may also review copies of the service information that
is incorporated by reference at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this
material at an NARA facility, call<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 6, 2012.
Ali Bahrami,
Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 2012-9199 Filed 4-23-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 1 The SWTR and Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manuals are available on EPA's website, http:// www. epa. gov/ safewater/ mdbp/ implement. html. 10.0 Chlorine Dioxide 10.1 Introduction Chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection, taste and odor control, and iron and manganese removal. Chlorine dioxide is effective for inactivation of bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, including Cryptosporidium while forming fewer halogenated byproducts than chlorine. It is stable only in dilute aqueous solutions and must be generated on site. It can be generated using a variety of starting materials including chloride, chlorite, or chlorate.

The Surface Water Treatment Rule ( SWTR) and subsequent Stage 1 Disinfection Byproducts Rule ( Stage 1 DBPR) and Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule ( IESWTR) all recognize the ability of chlorine dioxide to inactivate pathogens. As a result, there is much information and guidance available on the application of chlorine dioxide for disinfection, particularly in the following two guidance manuals:

° Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources ( USEPA 1991) ( commonly referred to as the Surface Water Treatment Rule Guidance Manual).

  Describes how to calculate the CT value ( CT is described in the next sub section) for a given disinfectant, including methodologies for determining the residual concentration ( C) and contact time ( T).

  Includes CT values for log inactivation of Giardia and viruses.

° Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual ( USEPA 1999).

  Provides full descriptions of: ° chlorine dioxide chemistry ° on site generation ° primary uses and points of applications ° pathogen inactivation and disinfection efficiency ° byproduct production ° analytical methods ° operational considerations The purpose of this chapter is to ( 1) describe what systems need to do to achieve Cryptosporidium inactivation treatment credit for disinfecting with chlorine dioxide, ( 2) discuss Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 2 design and operational considerations that will assist water systems in deciding whether this toolbox option is a practical option for them, and ( 3) discuss key issues associated with using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant. This chapter is organized as follows:

10.2 Log Inactivation Requirements  describes the concentration and time variables of the CT parameter, presents the chlorine dioxide CT table for Cryptosporidium, and provides a sample CT calculation.

10.3 Monitoring Requirements  describes monitoring requirements of both LT2ESWTR and Stage 1 DBPR.

10.4 Unfiltered Systems LT2ESWTR Requirements  describes the level of Cryptosporidium inactivation unfiltered systems must provide, and monitoring requirements that must be met.

10.5 Disinfection with Chlorine Dioxide  describes chlorine dioxide chemistry and disinfection with chlorine dioxide.

10.6 Toolbox Selection Considerations  discusses the advantages and disadvantages of disinfection with chlorine dioxide.

10.7 Design Considerations  discusses effects of temperature and the point of chlorine dioxide addition on achieving the required CT value.

10.8 Operational Considerations  discusses water quality parameters that affect the disinfection ability of chlorine dioxide.

10.9 Safety Issues  describes considerations for chemical storage and discusses the acute health risks of chlorine dioxide.

10.2 Log Inactivation Requirements Systems can achieve anywhere from 0.5 to 3.0 log Cryptosporidium inactivation with the addition of chlorine dioxide. The amount of Cryptosporidium inactivation credit a system may receive is determined by the CT provided in the treatment process ( 40 CFR 141.729( b)). This methodology provides a conservative characterization of the dose of chlorine dioxide necessary to achieve a specified inactivation level of Cryptosporidium. CT is the product of the disinfectant concentration and disinfectant contact time and is defined in the LT2ESWTR ( 40 CFR 141.729( a)):

CT = Disinfectant ( mg/ L) x Contact Time ( minutes) Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 3 ° " T" is the time ( in minutes) it takes the water, during peak hourly flow, to move from the point of disinfectant application to a point where, C, residual concentration is measured prior to the first customer, or between points of residual measurement.

° " C" is the concentration of chlorine dioxide present in the system, expressed in mg/ L.

The concept of regulating surface water treatment disinfection processes through CT was first introduced in the SWTR. Tables of Giardia and virus log inactivations correlated to CT values, commonly referred to as CT tables, were presented in the SWTR Guidance Manual. For the LT2ESWTR, EPA developed CT tables for the inactivation of Cryptosporidium. Alternatively, a system may conduct a site specific study to determine the CT values necessary to meet a specified log inactivation, using State approval ( 40 CFR 141.729( b)( 4)). Appendix A provides guidance for conducting a site specific study.

10.2.1 CT Calculation The methodology and calculations for determining CT have not changed from the SWTR to the LT2ESWTR requirements. This section briefly reviews how CT is used to determine loginactivation for the SWTR and presents the chlorine dioxide CT table for Cryptosporidium inactivation. Refer to the SWTR Guidance Manual for descriptions of measuring C and determining T.

Summary of CT Determination and Corresponding Log inactivation as Presented in the SWTR Guidance Manual CT can be calculated for an entire treatment process or broken into segments and summed for a total CT value. C is measured at the end of a given segment. T is generally estimated by methods involving established criteria ( flow, volume, and contactor geometry) or tracer studies. The following steps describe the CT calculation from measured C and T values for a segment of the entire treatment process:

1) Calculate CT calc by multiplying the measured C and T values.

2) From the CT tables, find the CT value for the log inactivation desired, this is CT table.

3) Calculate the ratio of CT calc/ CT table for each segment.

4) If a system has multiple segments, sum the CT calc/ CT table ratios for a total inactivation ratio. Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 4 5) If the ratio of CT calc/ CT table is at least 1, then the treatment process provides the log inactivation that the CT table represents ( log inactivation desired from step # 2).

Table 10.1 CT Values ( mg min/ l) for Cryptosporidium Inactivation by ClO 2 Log credit Water Temperature,

C1 <= 0.5 1 2 3 5 7 10 15 20 25 0.5 319 305 279 256 214 180 138 89 58 38 1.0 637 610 558 511 429 360 277 179 116 75 1.5 956 915 838 767 643 539 415 268 174 113 2.0 1275 1220 1117 1023 858 719 553 357 232 150 2.5 1594 1525 1396 1278 1072 899 691 447 289 188 3.0 1912 1830 1675 1534 1286 1079 830 536 347 226 1CT values between the indicated temperatures may be determined by interpolation Example CT Calculation A plant draws 1.5 MGD of 5 degrees Celsius water from a stream, adding 1.8 mg/ l of chlorine dioxide at the intake. The water travels through 2 miles of 12 inch pipe to a settling tank. The detention time in the tank, as determined by a tracer study, is 150 minutes. After the tank, it travels through another 12 inch pipe to the plant. Figure 10.1 provides a schematic of an intake, piping, and tank. The concentration of chlorine dioxide at each point is measured as follows:

C initial = 1.8 mg/ l C entering tank = 1.6 mg/ l C leaving tank = 0.8 mg/ l C leaving 2nd pipe = 0.2 mg/ l Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 5 C in = 1.8 mg/ l 2 miles 0.25 miles Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Transmission Line Sumdac River Big Tank Figure 10.1 CT Calculation Example Schematic The residence times of the two sections of pipe are determined assuming plug flow. Therefore the time for each section is calculated as follows:

T 1 = ( A 1* L 1/ Q 1) = (  r2L 1/ Q 1)*( 7.48 gal./ 1 ft. 3)*( MG/ 1,000,000 gal.)*( 1,440 min./ day)

where:

$ A is the cross sectional area of the pipe in square feet $ Q is the volumetric flow rate in MGD $ L is the length of pipe in feet $ r is the radius of the pipe in feet.

Therefore the times for the two sections of the pipe are as follows:

T 1 = 2 mi.*( 5,280 ft./ mi.)*  *( 0.5 ft.) 2*( 0.0108 MG* sec/ ft. 3* day)/( 1.5 MGD) = 59.7 min. T 3 = 0.25 mi.*( 5,280 ft./ mi.)*  *( 0.5 ft.) 2*( 0.0108 MG* sec/ ft. 3* day)/( 1.5 MGD) = 7.4 min.

The T 10, or time for 90 percent of a tracer to pass through the section for the tank is as follows:

T 2 = 150 minutes Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 6 CT Calculation:

Step 1. Calculate CT for each segment.

The concentrations and times for each segment are known. The T's are calculated above and the C is the concentration measured at the end of each segment. The CT for each segment is calculated as follows:

CT 1 = ( 1.6 mg/ l)

 ( 59.5 min.) = 95.2 mg

 min./ l CT 2 = ( 0.8 mg/ l)

 ( 150 min.) = 120 mg

 min./ l CT 3 = ( 0.2 mg/ l)

 ( 7.4 min.) = 1.5 mg

 min./ l Step 2. Look up CT table in Table 10.1. For 5oC and 0.5 log inactivation,

CT table = 214 mg

min./ l.

Step 3. Calculate the ratio of CT calc/ CT table for each segment.

( CT calc/ CT table) 1 = 95.2/ 214 = 0.44 ( CT calc/ CT table) 2 = 120 / 214 = 0.56 ( CT calc/ CT table) 3 = 1.5/ 214 = 0.01 Step 4. Sum the CT calc/ CT table for each segment.

( CT calc/ CT table) total = 0.44 + 0.56 + 0.01 = 1.01 Determine Log Inactivation:

If the result of Step 4 is greater than 1, the log inactivation associated with the CT table values is achieved. If the result is less than 1, that level of log inactivation is not achieved ( if the log inactivation was less than 1.0, the calculations should be repeated at a lower log inactivation). In this example, the sum of the CT calc/ CT table for all the segments is greater than 1, so the system qualifies for a 0.5 log Cryptosporidium inactivation.

10.3 Monitoring Requirements 10.3.1 LT2ESWTR The LT2ESWTR requires daily CT monitoring ( 40 CFR 141.730), which must be done during peak hourly flow. Since systems may not know when the peak hourly flow will occur, EPA recommends monitoring on an hourly basis. Contact time does not have to be determined Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 7 on a daily basis, only concentration does. Contact time is determined using the peak hourly flow. Systems should reevaluate contact time whenever they modify a process and the hydraulics are affected ( e. g., add a pump for increased flow, reconfigure piping).

The chlorine dioxide concentration should be measured using approved analytical methods, either DPD, ( Standard Method 4500 ClO 2 D) or Amperometric Method II, ( Standard Method 4500 ClO 2 E). Details on these methods can be found in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, American Public Health Association, 1998.

Note, if a system is required to develop a disinfection profile under the LT2ESWTR and changes its disinfection process, the LT2ESWTR requires the system to calculate a disinfection profile and benchmark ( 40 CFR 141.714( a)) ( see Chapter 1, section 1.6 for details).

10.3.2 Stage 1 DBPR The Stage 1 DBPR requires all systems using chlorine dioxide for disinfection or oxidation to monitor daily for chlorine dioxide and chlorite at the distribution system entry point. In addition, systems must take monthly chlorite samples at three locations in the distribution system. Table 10.2 lists the chlorine dioxide and chlorite distribution system monitoring requirements.

Table 10.2 Distribution System Monitoring Requirements at Each Plant Location Frequency Chlorite Distribution System Entry Point Daily Distribution System Sample Set of 3: 1 Near First Customer 1 In Middle of the Distribution System 1 At Maximum Residence Time Monthly Chlorine Dioxide Distribution System Entry Point Daily If the chlorine dioxide maximum residual disinfectant level ( MRDL) of 0.8 mg/ L or the chlorite maximum contaminant level ( MCL) of 1.0 mg/ L is exceeded in any of the samples, additional monitoring is required ( see the Stage 1 DBPR, 40 CFR141.132( b) for further information). The monthly monitoring requirements for chlorite may be reduced if all chlorite samples are below the MCL for a 1 year period. Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 8 10.4 Unfiltered System LT2ESWTR Requirements The LT2ESWTR requires unfiltered systems to provide at least 2.0 log Cryptosporidium inactivation ( 40 CFR 141.721( b)). If their source water Cryptosporidium concentration is greater than 0.01 oocyst/ liter, then systems must provide 3.0 log Cryptosporidium inactivation ( 40 CFR 141.721( b)). The requirements of the previous SWTR regulations still apply   achieve 3 log inactivation of Giardia and 4 log inactivation of viruses and maintain a disinfectant residual in the distribution system ( e. g., free chlorine or chloramines). LT2ESWTR also requires that a minimum of two disinfectants be used to meet overall disinfection requirements.

The monitoring requirements described in section 10.3 apply to unfiltered systems. Additionally, the LT2ESWTR requires unfiltered systems to meet the Cryptosporidium loginactivation requirements determined by the daily CT value every day the system serves water to the public, except one day per calendar month ( 40 CFR 141.721( c)). Therefore, if an unfiltered system fails to meet Cryptosporidium log inactivation two days in a month, it is in violation of the treatment technique requirement.

10.5 Disinfection With Chlorine Dioxide Chlorine dioxide ( ClO 2) is an uncharged compound of chlorine in the + IV oxidation state. It is a relatively small, volatile, and highly energetic molecule, and a free radical even in dilute aqueous solutions. At high concentrations, it reacts violently with reducing agents. However, it is stable in dilute solution in a closed container in the absence of light. When an aqueous solution is open to the atmosphere, chlorine dioxide readily comes out of solution. Aqueous solutions of chlorine dioxide are also susceptible to photolytic decomposition, depending on the time of exposure and intensity of UV light.

Disinfection of protozoa is believed to occur by oxidation reactions disrupting the permeability of the cell wall ( Aieta and Berg 1986). Chlorine dioxide functions as a highly selective oxidant due to its unique, one electron transfer mechanism where it is reduced to chlorite ( ClO 2 ) ( Hoehn et al. 1996).

In drinking water, chlorite ( ClO 2 ) is the predominant reaction end product, with approximately 50 to 70 percent of the chlorine dioxide converted to chlorite and 30 percent to chlorate ( ClO 3 ) and chloride ( Cl) ( Werdehoff and Singer 1987). This has a significant impact on disinfection capabilities for drinking water, since chlorite is a regulated drinking water contaminant with an MCL of 1.0 mg/ L. Based on a 50 to 70 percent conversion of chlorine dioxide to chlorite, the maximum dose is limited to 1.4 to 2.0 mg/ l unless the chlorite is removed through subsequent treatment processes. Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 9 10.6 Toolbox Selection Considerations 10.6.1 Advantages There are several advantages to using chlorine dioxide as a primary disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide is approximately four times as effective as chlorine for the inactivation of Giardia and is a stronger disinfectant than chlorine for bacteria ( White 1999). However, free chlorine is more effective for the inactivation of viruses. Other advantages of disinfection with chlorine dioxide include:

° A high oxidizing potential allows it to oxidize other compounds such as manganese and some taste and odor compounds.

° Chlorine dioxide does not form regulated halogenated organic byproducts.

° The effect of pH on the disinfection ability of chlorine dioxide is much smaller than for other disinfectants.

° Chlorine dioxide has shown a synergistic effect when combined with other disinfectants such as ozone, chlorine, and chloramines that leads to greater inactivation with the disinfectants added in series than by either disinfectant individually.

10.6.2 Disadvantages A major disadvantage of chlorine dioxide is the byproduct formation of chlorite and chlorate. Section 10.6 describes the dose limits of chlorine dioxide due to the formation of chlorite. Other disadvantages of disinfection with chlorine dioxide include:

° Difficulty in maintaining an effective residual. Additionally, residual will be lost in the filters.

° It decomposes upon exposure to sunlight, flourescent light bulbs, and UV disinfection systems.

° Ability to disinfect is reduced under colder temperatures.

° If the ratio of reactants in the chlorine dioxide generator is incorrect, excess aqueous chlorine can remain, which can form halogenated disinfection byproducts.

° Chlorine dioxide must be generated on site. Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 10 ° There may be a need for three phase power which may not be compatible with some water systems.

° Chlorine dioxide can be explosive at high temperatures or pressures.

° Storage of sodium chlorite solution can be problematic due to crystallization at low temperatures or high concentrations and stratification at temperatures below 40" F ( or 4" C).

° High cost of chemicals.

° Dialysis patients are sensitive to higher chlorite levels and should be notified if chlorine dioxide is going to be added where it has not routinely been used.

° Training, sampling, and analysis costs are high.

Systems considering using chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant should perform chlorine dioxide demand/ decay tests on the water being considered for disinfection ( raw water or filter effluent) under normal and poor water quality conditions. If chlorine dioxide is added where the demand is 1.4 mg/ l or greater, the system may have difficulty complying with the chlorite MCL. If the raw water has a chlorine dioxide requirement greater than 1.4 mg/ l, chlorine dioxide might still be able to be used for post disinfection since the oxidant demand will be less after the filters.

10.7 Design Considerations 10.7.1 Designing to Lowest Temperature As the water temperature declines, chlorine dioxide becomes less effective as a disinfectant. LeChevallier et al. ( 1997) found that reducing the temperature from 20 degrees Celsius to 10 degrees Celsius reduced disinfection effectiveness by 40 percent. Since the treatment achieved for chlorine dioxide addition is temperature dependent, systems need to consider the variability in water temperature to ensure they meet the CT level for the minimum treatment needed for compliance. For example, if a system is required to provide an additional 1 log Cryptosporidium treatment and plans to achieve that with chlorine dioxide alone, then it should determine the CT required for the lowest water temperature experienced and ensure it can meet those CT requirements. Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 11 10.7.2 Point of Addition There are two main considerations for determining locations of chlorine dioxide addition for the purpose of Cryptosporidium inactivation   contact time and chlorine dioxide demand. Additionally, systems using ozone should consider that ozone will degrade chlorine dioxide. The application point for chlorine dioxide should be well upstream of the ozone process or just after the ozone process.

Contact Time There must be substantial contact time with a residual concentration. The CT requirements for Cryptosporidium are much higher than for Giardia and viruses and when designing to the lowest water temperatures, the resulting contact time requirements are relatively high for even the 0.5 and 1.0 log inactivation. Chlorine dioxide readily degrades when exposed to light from flourescent lamps or the sun, therefore all the available concentration in open basins will most likely not be utilized for disinfection. For most systems, the point of application will be either at the raw water intake or after the filters, whichever can provide the necessary contact time.

Oxidant Demand The oxidant demand of the water affects chlorite and chlorate byproduct formation ( section 10.6). If the chlorine dioxide requirement of the raw water is greater than 1.4 mg/ L then chlorite concentration will likely exceed the MCL. However, chlorine dioxide could be added after the filters where the oxidant demand is frequently lower and, therefore, a lower dose of chlorine dioxide would result in a lower byproduct concentration of chlorite.

10.8 Operational Considerations Of all the water quality parameters, water temperature has the strongest effect on the disinfection ability of chlorine dioxide. The concentration of suspended matter and pH also have an effect, but to a lesser extent than temperature. Although the disinfection potential of chlorine dioxide is not strongly affected by pH, studies have shown that chlorine dioxide disinfection is better under higher pH ( LeChevallier et al. 1997).

Suspended matter and pathogen aggregation affect the disinfection efficiency of chlorine dioxide. Protection from chlorine dioxide inactivation due to bentonite was determined to be approximately 11 percent for water with turbidity values less than or equal to 5 NTU and 25 percent for turbidity between 5 and 17 NTUs ( Chen et al. 1984). Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 12 Airborne concentrations greater than 10 percent may cause explosions. Based on the research discussed above, the optimal conditions for Cryptosporidium disinfection with chlorine dioxide are low turbidity, high pH, and high temperature.

10.9 Safety Issues Because chlorine dioxide can be explosive and pose acute health risks to those exposed to gaseous chlorine dioxide, a safety plan should be developed that includes precautions for generation, handling, storage, and emergency response.

10.9.1 Chemical Storage Most chlorine dioxide generators use sodium chlorite solutions as a raw material. If sodium chlorite solutions are accidently acidified or exposed to a reducing agent, uncontrolled production and release of gaseous chlorine dioxide can result. In addition to being toxic, if the gaseous chlorine dioxide reaches concentrations greater than 10 percent, it can spontaneously explode.

Sodium chlorite should be stored away from other chemicals, particularly any acid solutions or chemicals that could act as reducing agents. Construction materials in sodium chlorite storage areas, as well as chlorine dioxide generating areas, should be fire resistant such as concrete. Sodium chlorite fires burn especially hot and produce oxygen as a byproduct, so special fire fighting techniques are required to extinguish the fire. These firefighting techniques should be part of the safety plan and proper equipment and supplies should be stored nearby. Temperatures in storage and generation areas should be kept below 130 degrees Celsius.

10.9.2 Acute Health Risks of Chlorine Dioxide Exposure to gaseous chlorine dioxide can cause shortness of breath, coughing, respiratory distress, and pulmonary edema. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA) permissible exposure limit ( PEL) is 0.1 ppm. Areas where chlorine dioxide is generated and stored should have appropriate monitoring to detect leaks of chlorine dioxide or other chlorine containing chemicals into the air. Proper ventilation and scrubbing systems should be installed. First aid kits and respirators should also be accessible outside the building. Operators should be trained to use the respirators. Chapter 10  Chlorine Dioxide LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual Proposal Draft June 2003 10 13 References APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, American Public Health Association.

Aieta, E., and J. D. Berg. 1986. " A Review of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water Treatment." J. AWWA. 78( 6): 62 72.

Chen, Y. S. R., O. J. Sproul, and A. J. Rubin. 1984. " Inactivation of Naegleria Gruberi cysts by Chlorine Dioxide." EPA Grant R808150 02 0, Department of Civil Engineering, Ohio State University.

Hoehn, R. C., A. A. Rosenblatt, and D. J. Gates. 1996. " Considerations for Chlorine Dioxide Treatment of Drinking Water." Conference proceedings, AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference, Boston, MA.

LeChevallier, M. W., et al. 1997. " Chlorine Dioxide for Control of Cryptosporidium and Disinfection Byproducts." Conference proceedings, 1996 AWWA Water Quality Technology Conference Part II, Boston, Massachusetts.

USEPA 1999. Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual. Washington, D. C.

USEPA, 1991. Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources. Washington, D. C.

Werdehoff, K. S, and P. C. Singer. 1987. " Chlorine Dioxide Effects on THMFP, TOXFP and the Formation of Inorganic By Products." J. AWWA. 79( 9): 107.

White, Geo. Clifford. 1999. Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants, 4th edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 116 (Friday, June 15, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 27980-27981]
[FR Doc No: 2018-12877]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

Notice of Effectiveness of Exempt Wholesale Generator and Foreign
Utility Company Status

Midway Wind, LLC..............................  EG18-49-000
Victoria City Power LLC.......................  EG18-50-000
Victoria Port Power LLC.......................  EG18-51-000
Meadow Lake Wind Farm VI LLC..................  EG18-53-000
Prairie Queen Wind Farm LLC...................  EG18-54-000
Turtle Creek Wind Farm LLC....................  EG18-55-000
Kestrel Acquisition LLC.......................  EG18-56-000
Imperial Valley Solar 2, LLC..................  EG18-57-000
Delta Solar Power I, LLC......................  EG18-58-000
Delta Solar Power II, LLC.....................  EG18-59-000
Walleye Energy, LLC...........................  EG18-60-000

Pinal Central Energy Center, LLC..............  EG18-61-000
Trishe Wind Ohio, LLC.........................  EG18-62-000
NRG Cottonwood Tenant LLC.....................  EG18-63-000
SP Sandhills Solar, LLC.......................  EG18-64-000
SP Butler Solar, LLC..........................  EG18-65-000
SP Pawpaw Solar, LLC..........................  EG18-66-000
SP Decatur Parkway Solar, LLC.................  EG18-67-000
Camilla Solar Energy LLC......................  EG18-68-000
NC 102 Project LLC............................  EG18-69-000
64KT 8ME LLC..................................  EG18-70-000
I Squared Capital.............................  FC18-3-000
I Squared Capital.............................  FC18-4-000

DATES: June 8, 2018.
    Take notice that during the month of May 2018, the status of the
above-captioned entities as Exempt Wholesale Generators or Foreign
Utility Companies became effective by operation of the Commission's
regulations. 18 CFR 366.7(a) (2017).

    Dated: June 8, 2018.
Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2018-12877 Filed 6-14-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6717-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 122 (Monday, June 27, 2022)]
[Notices]
[Pages 38150-38151]
[FR Doc No: 2022-13629]

=======================================================================
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[FRL-9962-01-OA]

Notification of a Public Meeting of the Chartered Science
Advisory Board

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science Advisory
Board (SAB) Staff Office announces a public meeting of the chartered
Science Advisory Board. The chartered SAB will meet to conduct quality
reviews of two draft SAB reports: Review of EPA's Analyses to Support
EPA's National Primary Drinking Water Rulemaking for PFAS, and Review
of the EPA's Draft Fifth Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5). The
chartered SAB will also discuss any recommendations received from the
SAB Work Group for Review of Science Supporting EPA Decisions with
regard to SAB review of planned EPA actions.

DATES: The public meeting of the chartered Science Advisory Board will
be held on Monday, July 18, 2022, from 1:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. (Eastern
Time) and Wednesday, July 20, 2022, from 1:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.
(Eastern Time).

ADDRESSES: The meeting will be conducted virtually. Please refer to the
SAB website at https://sab.epa.gov for information on how to attend the
meeting.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Any member of the public who wants
further information concerning this notice may contact Dr. Thomas
Armitage, Designated Federal Officer (DFO), via telephone (202) 564-
2155, or email at [email protected]. General information about
the SAB, as well as any updates concerning the meetings announced in
this notice can be found on the SAB website at https://sab.epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Background: The SAB was established pursuant to the Environmental
Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act (ERDDAA),
codified at 42 U.S.C. 4365, to provide independent scientific and
technical advice to the EPA Administrator on the scientific and
technical basis for agency positions and regulations. The SAB is a
Federal Advisory Committee chartered under the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (FACA), 5 U.S.C., App. 2. The SAB will comply with the
provisions of FACA and all appropriate SAB Staff Office procedural
policies. Pursuant to FACA and EPA policy, notice is hereby given that
the chartered Science Advisory Board will hold a public meeting to
discuss and deliberate on the topics below.
    The Chartered SAB will conduct a quality review of the SAB PFAS
Review Panel report titled Review of EPA's Analyses to Support EPA's
National Primary Drinking Water Rulemaking for PFAS. Background
information about this activity is available on the SAB website at:
https://sab.epa.gov/ords/sab/

f?p=114:18:15778906977107:::RP,18:P18_ID:2601.
    The Chartered SAB will also conduct a quality review of the SAB
CCL5 Review Committee report titled Review of the EPA's Draft Fifth
Contaminant Candidate List (CCL 5). Background information about this
activity is available on the SAB website at: https://sab.epa.gov/ords/sab/f?p=114:18:15778906977107:::RP,18:P18_ID:2600. The SAB quality
review process ensures that all draft reports developed by SAB panels,
committees, or workgroups are reviewed by the Chartered SAB before
being finalized and transmitted to the EPA Administrator. These reviews
are conducted in a public meeting as required by FACA.
    The Chartered SAB will also discuss any recommendations received
from the SAB Work Group for Review of Science Supporting EPA Decisions
with regard to SAB review of other EPA planned actions. Under the SAB's
authorizing statute, the SAB ``may make available to the Administrator,
within the time specified by the Administrator, its advice and comments
on the adequacy of the scientific and technical basis'' of proposed
rules. The SAB Work Group for Review of Science Supporting EPA
Decisions is charged with identifying EPA planned actions that may
warrant SAB review.
    Availability of Meeting Materials: All meeting materials, including
the agenda will be available on the SAB web page at https://sab.epa.gov.
    Procedures for Providing Public Input: Public comment for
consideration by EPA's federal advisory committees and panels has a
different purpose from public comment provided to EPA program offices.
Therefore, the process for submitting comments to a federal advisory
committee is different from the process used to submit comments to an
EPA program office. Federal advisory committees and panels, including
scientific advisory committees, provide independent advice to the EPA.
Members of the public can submit relevant comments pertaining to the
committee's charge or meeting materials. Input from the public to the
SAB will have the most impact if it provides specific scientific or
technical information or analysis for the SAB to consider or if it
relates to the clarity or accuracy of the technical information.
Members of the public wishing to provide comment should follow the
instruction below to submit comments.
    Oral Statements: In general, individuals or groups requesting an
oral presentation at a public meeting will be limited to three minutes.
Each person making an oral statement should consider providing written
comments as well as the oral statement so that the points presented
orally can be expanded upon in writing. Persons interested in providing
oral statements should contact the DFO, in writing (preferably via
email) at the contact information noted above by July 11, 2022, to be
placed on the list of registered speakers.
    Written Statements: Written statements will be accepted throughout
the advisory process; however, for timely consideration by SAB members,
statements should be submitted to the DFO by July 11, 2022, for
consideration at the public meeting on July 18, 2022, and July 20,
2022. Written statements should be supplied to the DFO at the contact
information above via email. Submitters are requested to provide a
signed and unsigned version of each document because the SAB Staff
Office does not publish documents with signatures on its websites.
Members of the public should be aware that their personal contact
information, if included in any written comments, may be posted to the
SAB website. Copyrighted material will not be posted without explicit
permission of the copyright holder.
    Accessibility: For information on access or services for
individuals with disabilities, please contact the DFO, at the contact
information noted above, preferably at least ten days prior to the
meeting, to give the EPA as much time as possible to process your
request.

V. Khanna Johnston,
Deputy Director, Science Advisory Board Staff Office.
[FR Doc. 2022-13629 Filed 6-24-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


January 2004 preliminary  VOC Measurement Approach for Barns The development of cost effective continuous real time VOC emissions information from animal feeding operations requires establishing a correlation between one or several continuous monitoring instruments and the mass emissions of the compounds comprising these emissions. To establish this correlation, the following processes are required:

A comprehensive screening program needs to be performed on a few samples collected form each typical production operation. The major purpose of this screening is to identify the organic components that comprise the majority of the total mass. From this comprehensive list of organic compounds, the tester will select those compounds that make up at least 90% of the total VOC emissions on a mass basis.

The screening program must include multiple sampling techniques to ensure that all the different classes of VOC= s that may be present in the sample are detected and reported. Samples must be collected by all integrated sampling techniques allowed by Method 18 ( adsorbent tube and Tedlar bag sampling). The adsorbent tube sampling must include a mixture of absorbents ( or a series of adsorbent tubes each containing a different adsorbent) designed to effectively collect and recover the different classes of organic compounds. In addition to collecting samples by the procedures in Method 18, samples must also be collected in a summa cannister, by a procedure such as TO 15. All of these samples must be collected concurrently. All gas samples must be analyzed by gas chromatography ( GC) separation with identification and measurement by mass spectrometry ( MS). Any condensate samples must be analyzed by GC/ MS and by high performance liquid chromatography.

From those compounds comprising 90% of the VOC mass identified in the screening program, key compounds shall be identified for use as calibration standards and development of QA audit materials. The primary selection criteria for these key compounds will be their percentage of the total mass and whether pure calibration standards are available or can be created for them. Secondary selection criteria are their atmospheric photochemical reactivity and they are a specific reportable organic compound or class of compounds under either the CAA or CERCLA. Based upon this list organic compounds comprising 90% of the VOC mass and the key calibration compounds, specifications for a less complex compound specific sampling and analytical method will be developed.

During the monitoring study, a continuous methane monitor and a continuous hydrocarbon analyzer will be used as indicators of total VOC emissions. Daily calibrations of the continuous hydrocarbon monitor will be performed with propane and a standard consisting of the key calibration compounds. At least once per month at each monitoring site, the less complex compound specific sampling method will be used to collect three two to three hour samples representing potential temporal differences in the composition of the emissions. Although laboratories will have only the limited number of compounds available for calibration standards, semi quantitative concentrations of all compounds comprising 90% of the VOC mass in the screening study are to be reported. The concurrent results of the continuous monitors during the sampling periods will be obtained. The ratio of the mass determined by the less complex compound specific sampling and analytical method and the results of the continuous monitoring methods will establish the correction factor for the monitoring performed during the 15 days prior to and following day the samples were obtained. At the completion of the monitoring study, the information from the compound specific sampling and analytical method will provide the basis for measurement uncertainty of the continuous monitoring methods.