you reach one million total cycles. Use an angle deviation of +15[deg]
to -15[deg] from level. Take steps to ensure that the fuel remains at
40-50 percent of its capacity throughout the test run.
    (4) Cap testing. Perform durability cycles on fuel caps intended
for use with handheld equipment by putting the fuel cap on and taking
it off 300 times. Tighten the fuel cap each time in a way that
represents the typical in-use experience.
    (b) * * *
    (1) Fill the fuel tank to its nominal capacity with the fuel
specified in paragraph (e) of this section, seal it, and allow it to
soak at 285 [deg]C for at least 20 weeks. Alternatively,
the fuel tank may be soaked for at least 10 weeks at 43 5 [deg]C. You
may count the time of the preconditioning steps in paragraph (a) of
this section as part of the preconditioning fuel soak as long as the
ambient temperature remains within the specified temperature range and
the fuel tank continues to be at least 40 percent full throughout the
test; you may add or replace fuel as needed to conduct the specified
durability procedures. Void the test if you determine that the fuel
tank has any kind of leak.
* * * * *
    (4) Allow the fuel tank and its contents to equilibrate to the
temperatures specified in paragraph (d)(7) of this section. Seal the
fuel tank as described in paragraph (b)(5) of this section once the
fuel temperatures are stabilized at the test temperature. You must seal
the fuel tank no more than eight hours after refueling. Until the fuel
tank is sealed, take steps to minimize the vapor losses from the fuel
tank, such as keeping the fuel cap loose on the fuel inlet or routing
vapors through a vent hose.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) Carefully place the test tank within a temperature-controlled
room or enclosure. Do not spill or add any fuel.
* * * * *
    (6) Leave the test tank in the room or enclosure for the duration
of the test run, except that you may remove the tank for up to 30
minutes at a time to meet weighing requirements.
* * * * *
    (8) * * *
    (ii) If after ten days of testing your r2 value is below
0.95 and your measured value is more than 50 percent of the applicable
standard in subpart B of this part, continue testing for a total of 20
days or until r2 is at or above 0.95. If r2 is
not at or above 0.95 within 20 days of testing, discontinue the test
and precondition the test tank further until it has stabilized emission
levels, then repeat the testing.
    (9) Record the difference in mass between the reference tank and
the test tank for each measurement. This value is Mi, where
``i'' is a counter representing the number of days elapsed. Subtract
Mi from Mo and divide the difference by the
internal surface area of the fuel tank. Divide this g/m2
value by the number of test days (using at least two decimal places) to
calculate the emission rate in g/m2/day. Example: If a fuel
tank with an internal surface area of 0.720 m2 weighed 1.31
grams less than the reference tank at the beginning of the test and
weighed 9.86 grams less than the reference tank after soaking for 10.03
days, the emission rate would be ((-1.31 g) - (-9.86 g))/0.720
m2 /10.03 days = 1.1839 g/m\2\/day.
* * * * *
    (e) Fuel specifications. Use a low-level ethanol-gasoline blend as
specified in Sec.  1060.501(c). As an alternative, you may use Fuel
CE10, as described in Sec.  1060.515(a)(1).
* * * * *

0
306. Amend Sec.  1060.525 by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1060.525  How do I test fuel systems for diurnal emissions?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (2) Fill the fuel tank to 40 percent of nominal capacity with the
gasoline specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(c) for general testing.
* * * * *

0
307. Amend Sec.  1060.601 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)(2) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1060.601  How do the prohibitions of 40 CFR 1068.101 apply with
respect to the requirements of this part?

    (a) As described in Sec.  1060.1, fuel tanks and fuel lines that
are used with or intended to be used with new nonroad engines or
equipment are subject to evaporative emission standards under this
part. This includes portable marine fuel tanks and fuel lines and other
fuel-system components associated with portable marine fuel tanks. Note
that Sec.  1060.1 specifies an implementation schedule based on the
date of manufacture of nonroad equipment, so new fuel tanks and fuel
lines are not subject to standards under this part if they will be
installed for use in equipment built before the specified dates for
implementing the appropriate standards, subject to the limitations in
paragraph (b) of this section. Except as specified in paragraph (f) of
this section, fuel-system components that are subject to permeation or
diurnal emission standards under this part must be covered by a valid
certificate of conformity before being introduced into U.S. commerce to
avoid violating the prohibition of 40 CFR 1068.101(a). To the extent we
allow it under the exhaust standard-setting part, fuel-system
components may be certified with a family emission limit higher than
the specified emission standard.
    (b) * * *
    (2) Applicability of standards after January 1, 2020. Starting
January 1, 2020, it is presumed that replacement components will be
used with nonroad engines regulated under this part if they can
reasonably be used with such engines. Manufacturers, distributors,
retailers, and importers are therefore obligated to take reasonable
steps to ensure that any uncertified components are not used to replace
certified components. This would require labeling the components and
may also require restricting the sales and requiring the ultimate
purchaser to agree to not use the components inappropriately. This
paragraph (b)(2) does not apply for components that are clearly not
intended for use with fuels.
* * * * *

0
308. Add Sec.  1060.610 to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.610  Temporary exemptions for manufacturing and assembling
equipment and fuel-system components.

    (a) If you are a certificate holder, you may ship components or
equipment requiring further assembly between two of your facilities,
subject to the provisions of this paragraph (a). Unless we approve
otherwise, you must maintain ownership and control of the products
until they reach their destination. We may allow for shipment where you
do not maintain actual ownership and control of the engines (such as
hiring a shipping company to transport the products) but only if you
demonstrate that the products will be transported only according to
your specifications. Notify us of your intent to use the exemption in
this paragraph (a) in your application for certification, if
applicable. Your exemption is effective when we grant your certificate.
You may alternatively request an exemption in a separate submission;
for example, this would be necessary if you will not be the certificate
holder for the products in question. We may require you to take
specific steps to ensure that such products are in a certified
configuration before reaching the ultimate purchaser. Note that since
this is a temporary exemption, it does not allow you to sell or
otherwise distribute equipment in an uncertified configuration to
ultimate purchasers. Note also that the exempted equipment remains new
and subject to emission standards until its title is transferred to the
ultimate purchaser or it otherwise ceases to be new.
    (b) If you certify equipment, you may ask us at the time of
certification for an exemption to allow you to ship your equipment
without a complete fuel system. We will generally approve an exemption
under this paragraph (b) only if you can demonstrate that the exemption
is necessary and that you will take steps to ensure that equipment
assembly will be properly completed before reaching the ultimate
purchaser. We may specify conditions that we determine are needed to
ensure that shipping the equipment without such components will not
result in the equipment operating with uncertified components or
otherwise in an uncertified configuration. For example, we may require
that you ship the equipment to manufacturers that are contractually
obligated to install certain components. See 40 CFR 1068.261.

Sec.  1060.640  [Removed]

0
309. Remove Sec.  1060.640.

0
310. Amend Sec.  1060.801 by revising the definitions for
``Configuration'', ``Designated Compliance Officer'', ``Fuel type'',
``Model year'', ``Placed into service'', ``Portable nonroad fuel
tank'', and ``Small SI'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Configuration means a unique combination of hardware (material,
geometry, and size) and calibration within an emission family. Units
within a single configuration differ only with respect to normal
production variability or factors unrelated to emissions.
* * * * *
    Designated Compliance Officer means the Director, Gasoline Engine
Compliance Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000
Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>* * * * *
    Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as gasoline or
natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single fuel type,
such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or low-level ethanol-
gasoline blends.
* * * * *
    Model year means one of the following things:
    (1) For equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under
paragraph (1) of the definition of ``new nonroad equipment'' model year
means one of the following:
    (i) Calendar year of production.
    (ii) Your annual new model production period if it is different
than the calendar year. This must include January 1 of the calendar
year for which the model year is named. It may not begin before January
2 of the previous calendar year and it must end by December 31 of the
named calendar year.
    (2) For other equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under
paragraph (2) of the definition of ``new nonroad equipment'' model year
has the meaning given in the exhaust standard-setting part.
    (3) For other equipment defined as ``new nonroad equipment'' under
paragraph (3) or (4) of the definition of ``new nonroad equipment''
model year means the model year of the engine as defined in the exhaust
standard-setting part.
* * * * *
    Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose. Equipment does not qualify as being ``placed into service''
based on

incidental use by a manufacturer or dealer.
* * * * *
    Portable nonroad fuel tank means a fuel tank that meets each of the
following criteria:
    (1) It has design features indicative of use in portable
applications, such as a carrying handle and fuel line fitting that can
be readily attached to and detached from a nonroad engine.
    (2) It has a nominal fuel capacity of 12 gallons or less.
    (3) It is designed to supply fuel to an engine while the engine is
operating.
    (4) It is not used or intended to be used to supply fuel to a
marine engine. Note that portable tanks excluded from this definition
of ``portable nonroad fuel tank'' under this paragraph (4) because of
their use with marine engines are portable marine fuel tanks.
* * * * *
    Small SI means relating to engines that are subject to emission
standards in 40 CFR part 1054.
* * * * *

0
311. Amend Sec.  1060.810 by:
0
a. Removing and reserving paragraph (d); and
0
b. Revising paragraph (e) introductory text.
    The revision reads as follows:

Sec.  1060.810  What materials does this part reference?

* * * * *
    (e) American Boat and Yacht Council Material. The following
documents are available from the American Boat and Yacht Council, 613
Third Street, Suite 10, Annapolis, MD 21403 or<PHONE_NUMBER> or http://abycinc.org/:
* * * * *

0
312. Revise Sec.  1060.815 to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.815  What provisions apply to confidential information?

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider
confidential.

0
313. Revise Sec.  1060.825 to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.825  What reporting and recordkeeping requirements apply
under this part?

    (a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record
data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for eight years after you send an associated application for
certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do
not support an application for certification. We may request these
records at any time. You must promptly give us organized, written
records in English if we ask for them. This paragraph (a) applies
whether or not you rely on someone else to keep records on your behalf.
We may require you to submit written records in an electronic format.
    (b) The regulations in Sec.  1060.255 and 40 CFR 1068.25 and
1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete
information. This includes information not related to certification.
Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify
violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal
penalties.
    (c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1060.801).
    (d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records.
    (e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and
recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations in this chapter.
The following items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping
we require for products regulated under this part:
    (1) We specify the following requirements related to component and
equipment certification in this part:
    (i) In Sec.  1060.20 we give an overview of principles for
reporting information.
    (ii) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.
    (iii) In Sec.  1060.301 we require manufacturers to make
components, engines, or equipment available for our testing if we make
such a request, and to keep records related to evaluation of production
samples for verifying that the products are as specified in the
certificate of conformity.
    (iv) In Sec.  1060.505 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
    (2) We specify the following requirements related to the general
compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
    (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information.
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make equipment
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require equipment manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
    (v) [Reserved]
    (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
    (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing equipment.
    (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line products in a selective enforcement
audit.
    (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
    (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming equipment.
    (xi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G, we specify certain records for
requesting a hearing.

PART 1065--ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
314. The authority citation for part 1065 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

0
315. Amend Sec.  1065.1 by revising paragraph (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (g) For additional information regarding the test procedures in
this part, visit our website at www.epa.gov, and in particular https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-fuel-emissions-testing/engine-testing-regulations.
* * * * *

0
316. Amend Sec.  1065.2 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.2  Submitting information to EPA under this part.

* * * * *
    (c) We may void any certificates or approvals associated with a
submission of information if we find that you intentionally submitted
false, incomplete, or misleading information. For example, if we find
that you intentionally submitted incomplete information to mislead EPA
when requesting approval to use alternate test procedures, we may void
the certificates for all engine families certified based on emission
data collected using the

alternate procedures. This paragraph (c) would also apply if you ignore
data from incomplete tests or from repeat tests with higher emission
results.
* * * * *

0
317. Amend Sec.  1065.130 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.130  Engine exhaust.

* * * * *
    (e) Leaks. Minimize leaks sufficiently to ensure your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards in this chapter.
We recommend performing carbon balance error verification as described
in Sec.  1065.543 to verify exhaust system integrity.
* * * * *

0
318. Amend Sec.  1065.140 by revising paragraphs (c)(6)(i) and (e)(2)
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.140  Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) * * *
    (i) Preventing aqueous condensation. To prevent condensation, you
must keep the temperature of internal surfaces, excluding any sample
probes, above the dewpoint of the dilute exhaust passing through the
CVS tunnel. Use good engineering judgment to monitor temperatures in
the CVS. For the purposes of this paragraph (c)(6), assume that aqueous
condensation is pure water condensate only, even though the definition
of ``aqueous condensation'' in Sec.  1065.1001 includes condensation of
any constituents that contain water. No specific verification check is
required under this paragraph (c)(6)(i), but we may ask you to show how
you comply with this requirement. You may use engineering analysis, CVS
tunnel design, alarm systems, measurements of wall temperatures, and
calculation of water dewpoint to demonstrate compliance with this
requirement. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the lowest
water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the
minimum internal surface temperature.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) For any PM dilution system (i.e., CVS or PFD), add dilution air
to the raw exhaust such that the minimum overall ratio of diluted
exhaust to raw exhaust is within the range of (5:1 to 7:1) and is at
least 2:1 for any primary dilution stage. Base this minimum value on
the maximum engine exhaust flow rate during a given duty cycle for
discrete-mode testing and on the maximum engine exhaust flow rate
during a given test interval for other testing. Either measure the
maximum exhaust flow during a practice run of the test interval or
estimate it based on good engineering judgment (for example, you might
rely on manufacturer-published literature).
* * * * *

0
319. Amend Sec.  1065.145 by revising paragraph (e)(3)(i) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.145  Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling
system components.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (3) * * *
    (i) If you use a NOX sample pump upstream of either an
NO2-to-NO converter that meets Sec.  1065.378 or a chiller
that meets Sec.  1065.376, design the sampling system to prevent
aqueous condensation.
* * * * *

0
320. Amend Sec.  1065.170 by revising the introductory text and
paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.170  Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.

    Batch sampling involves collecting and storing emissions for later
analysis. Examples of batch sampling include collecting and storing
gaseous emissions in a bag or collecting and storing PM on a filter.
You may use batch sampling to store emissions that have been diluted at
least once in some way, such as with CVS, PFD, or BMD. You may use
batch sampling to store undiluted emissions. You may stop emission
sampling anytime the engine is turned off, consistent with good
engineering judgment. This is intended to allow for higher
concentrations of dilute exhaust gases and more accurate measurements.
Account for exhaust transport delay in the sampling system and
integrate over the actual sampling duration when determining
ndexh. Use good engineering judgment to add dilution air to
fill bags up to minimum read volumes, as needed.
    (a) * * *
    (1) Verify proportional sampling after an emission test as
described in Sec.  1065.545. You must exclude from the proportional
sampling verification any portion of the test where you are not
sampling emissions because the engine is turned off and the batch
samplers are not sampling, accounting for exhaust transport delay in
the sampling system. Use good engineering judgment to select storage
media that will not significantly change measured emission levels
(either up or down). For example, do not use sample bags for storing
emissions if the bags are permeable with respect to emissions or if
they off gas emissions to the extent that it affects your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable gaseous emission standards
in this chapter. As another example, do not use PM filters that
irreversibly absorb or adsorb gases to the extent that it affects your
ability to demonstrate compliance with the applicable PM emission
standard in this chapter.
* * * * *

0
321. Revise Sec.  1065.205 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.205  Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

    Your test system as a whole must meet all the calibrations,
verifications, and test-validation criteria specified elsewhere in this
part for laboratory testing or field testing, as applicable. We
recommend that your instruments meet the specifications in this section
for all ranges you use for testing. We also recommend that you keep any
documentation you receive from instrument manufacturers showing that
your instruments meet the specifications in the following table:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.171

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C

0
322. Amend Sec.  1065.220 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.220  Fuel flow meter.

    (a) Application. You may use fuel flow meters in combination with a
chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and raw exhaust to calculate
raw exhaust flow as described in Sec.  1065.655(f). You may also use
fuel flow meters to determine the mass flow rate of carbon-carrying
fuel streams for performing carbon balance error verification in Sec.
1065.543 and to calculate the mass of those fuel streams as described
in Sec.  1065.643. The following provisions apply for using fuel flow
meters:
* * * * *

0
323. Amend Sec.  1065.225 by revising paragraph (a) introductory text
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.225  Intake-air flow meter.

    (a) Application. You may use intake-air flow meters in combination
with a chemical balance of fuel, DEF, intake air, and raw exhaust to
calculate raw exhaust flow as described in Sec.  1065.655(f) and (g).
You may also use intake-air flow meters to determine the amount of
intake air input for performing carbon balance error verification in
Sec.  1065.543 and to calculate the measured amount of intake air,
nint, as described in Sec.  1065.643. The following
provisions apply for using intake air flow meters:
* * * * *

0
324. Revise Sec.  1065.247 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.247  Diesel exhaust fluid flow rate.

    (a) Application. Determine diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) flow rate
over a test interval for batch or continuous emission sampling using
one of the three methods described in this section.
    (b) ECM. Use the ECM signal directly to determine DEF flow rate.
You may combine this with a gravimetric scale if that improves
measurement quality. Prior to testing, you may characterize the ECM
signal using a laboratory measurement and adjust the ECM signal,
consistent with good engineering judgment.
    (c) Flow meter. Measure DEF flow rate with a flow meter. We
recommend that the flow meter that meets the specifications in Table 1
of Sec.  1065.205. Note that your overall system for measuring DEF flow
must meet the linearity verification in Sec.  1065.307. Measure using
the following procedure:
    (1) Condition the flow of DEF as needed to prevent wakes, eddies,
circulating flows, or flow pulsations from affecting the accuracy or
repeatability of the meter. You may accomplish this by using a
sufficient length of straight tubing (such as a length equal to at
least 10 pipe diameters) or by using specially designed tubing bends,
straightening fins, or pneumatic pulsation dampeners to establish a
steady and predictable velocity profile upstream of the meter.
Condition the flow as needed to prevent any gas bubbles in the fluid
from affecting the flow meter.
    (2) Account for any fluid that bypasses the DEF dosing unit or
returns from the dosing unit to the fluid storage tank.
    (d) Gravimetric scale. Use a gravimetric scale to determine the
mass of DEF the engine uses over a discrete-mode test interval and
divide by the time of the test interval.

0
325. Amend Sec.  1065.260 by revising paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.260  Flame-ionization detector.

* * * * *
    (e) NMHC and NMOG. For demonstrating compliance with NMHC
standards, you may either measure THC and determine NMHC mass as
described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(1), or you may measure THC and
CH4 and determine NMHC as described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)
or (3). You may also use the additive method in Sec.  1065.660(b)(4)
for natural gas-fueled engines as described in Sec.  1065.266. See 40
CFR 1066.635 for methods to demonstrate compliance with NMOG standards
for vehicle testing.
* * * * *

0
326. Amend Sec.  1065.266 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.266  Fourier transform infrared analyzer.

    (a) Application. For engines that run only on natural gas, you may
use a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer to measure nonmethane
hydrocarbon (NMHC) and nonmethane-nonethane hydrocarbon (NMNEHC) for
continuous sampling. You may use an FTIR analyzer with any gaseous-
fueled engine, including dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines, to
measure CH4 and C2H6, for either batch
or continuous sampling (for subtraction from THC).
    (b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use an FTIR
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205.
Note that your FTIR-based system must meet the linearity verification
in Sec.  1065.307. Use appropriate analytical procedures for
interpretation of infrared spectra. For example, EPA Test Method 320
(see https://www.epa.gov/emc/method-320-vapor-phase-organic-and-inorganic-emissions-extractive-ftir) and ASTM D6348 (incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1065.1010) are considered valid methods for spectral
interpretation. You must use heated FTIR analyzers that maintain all
surfaces that are exposed to emissions at a temperature of (110 to 202)
[deg]C.
* * * * *

0
327. Amend Sec.  1065.275 by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.275  N2O measurement devices.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyzer. Use appropriate
analytical procedures for interpretation of infrared spectra. For
example, EPA Test Method 320 (see Sec.  1065.266(b)) and ASTM D6348
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  1065.1010) are considered valid
methods for spectral interpretation.
* * * * *

0
328. Amend Sec.  1065.280 by revising paragraph (a) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.280  Paramagnetic and magnetopneumatic O2 detection
analyzers.

    (a) Application. You may use a paramagnetic detection (PMD) or
magnetopneumatic detection (MPD) analyzer to measure O2
concentration in raw or diluted exhaust for batch or continuous
sampling. You may use good engineering judgment to develop calculations
that use O2 measurements with a chemical balance of fuel,
DEF, intake air, and exhaust to calculate exhaust flow rate.
* * * * *

0
329. Revise Sec.  1065.303 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.303  Summary of required calibration and verifications.

    The following table summarizes the required and recommended
calibrations and verifications described in this subpart and indicates
when these have to be performed:

     Table 1 of Sec.   1065.303--Summary of Required Calibration and
                              Verifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Type of calibration or
           verification                      Minimum frequency a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   1065.305: Accuracy,          Accuracy: Not required, but
 repeatability and noise.            recommended for initial
                                     installation. Repeatability: Not
                                     required, but recommended for
                                     initial installation.
                                    Noise: Not required, but recommended
                                     for initial installation.
Sec.   1065.307: Linearity
 verification.
                                    Speed: Upon initial installation,
                                     within 370 days before testing and
                                     after major maintenance.
                                    Torque: Upon initial installation,
                                     within 370 days before testing and
                                     after major maintenance.
                                    Electrical power, current, and
                                     voltage: Upon initial installation,
                                     within 370 days before testing and
                                     after major maintenance.b
                                    Fuel mass flow rate: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 370 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    Fuel mass scale: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 370 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    DEF mass flow rate: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 370 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.c
                                    DEF mass scale: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 370 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    Intake-air, dilution air, diluted
                                     exhaust, and batch sampler flow
                                     rates: Upon initial installation,
                                     within 370 days before testing and
                                     after major maintenance.d
                                    Raw exhaust flow rate: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 185 days
                                     before testing and after major
                                     maintenance.d
                                    Gas dividers: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 370 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    Gas analyzers (unless otherwise
                                     noted): Upon initial installation,
                                     within 35 days before testing and
                                     after major maintenance.
                                    FTIR and photoacoustic analyzers:
                                     Upon initial installation, within
                                     370 days before testing and after
                                     major maintenance.
                                    GC-ECD: Upon initial installation
                                     and after major maintenance.
                                    PM balance: Upon initial
                                     installation, within 370 days
                                     before testing and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint:
                                     Upon initial installation, within
                                     370 days before testing and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.308: Continuous gas     Upon initial installation or after
 analyzer system response and        system modification that would
 updating-recording verification--   affect response.
 for gas analyzers not
 continuously compensated for
 other gas species.
Sec.   1065.309: Continuous gas     Upon initial installation or after
 analyzer system-response and        system modification that would
 updating-recording verification--   affect response.
 for gas analyzers continuously
 compensated for other gas species.
Sec.   1065.310: Torque...........  Upon initial installation and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.315: Pressure,          Upon initial installation and after
 temperature, dewpoint.              major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.320: Fuel flow........  Upon initial installation and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.325: Intake flow......  Upon initial installation and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.330: Exhaust flow.....  Upon initial installation and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.340: Diluted exhaust    Upon initial installation and after
 flow (CVS).                         major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.341: CVS and PFD flow   Upon initial installation, within 35
 verification (propane check).       days before testing, and after
                                     major maintenance.e
Sec.   1065.342 Sample dryer        For thermal chillers: Upon
 verification.                       installation and after major
                                     maintenance. For osmotic membranes;
                                     upon installation, within 35 days
                                     of testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
Sec.   1065.345: Vacuum leak......  For laboratory testing: Upon initial
                                     installation of the sampling
                                     system, within 8 hours before the
                                     start of the first test interval of
                                     each duty-cycle sequence, and after
                                     maintenance such as pre-filter
                                     changes.
                                    For field testing: After each
                                     installation of the sampling system
                                     on the vehicle, prior to the start
                                     of the field test, and after
                                     maintenance such as pre-filter
                                     changes.
Sec.   1065.350: CO2 NDIR H2O       Upon initial installation and after
 interference.                       major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.355: CO NDIR CO2 and    Upon initial installation and after
 H2O interference.                   major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.360: FID calibration    Calibrate all FID analyzers: upon
 THC FID optimization, and THC FID   initial installation and after
 verification.                       major maintenance.
                                    Optimize and determine CH4 response
                                     for THC FID analyzers: upon initial
                                     installation and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    Verify CH4 response for THC FID
                                     analyzers: upon initial
                                     installation, within 185 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    Verify C2H6 response for THC FID
                                     analyzers if used for NMNEHC
                                     determination: upon initial
                                     installation, within 185 days
                                     before testing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
Sec.   1065.362: Raw exhaust FID    For all FID analyzers: upon initial
 O2 interference.                    installation, and after major
                                     maintenance.
                                    For THC FID analyzers: upon initial
                                     installation, after major
                                     maintenance, and after FID
                                     optimization according to Sec.
                                     1065.360.
Sec.   1065.365: Nonmethane cutter  Upon initial installation, within
 penetration.                        185 days before testing, and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.366: Interference       Upon initial installation and after
 verification for FTIR analyzers.    major maintenance.

Sec.   1065.369: H2O, CO, and CO2   Upon initial installation and after
 interference verification for       major maintenance.
 ethanol photoacoustic analyzers.
Sec.   1065.370: CLD CO2 and H2O    Upon initial installation and after
 quench.                             major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.372: NDUV HC and H2O    Upon initial installation and after
 interference.                       major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.375: N2O analyzer       Upon initial installation and after
 interference.                       major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.376: Chiller NO2        Upon initial installation and after
 penetration.                        major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.378: NO2-to-NO          Upon initial installation, within 35
 converter conversion.               days before testing, and after
                                     major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.390: PM balance and     Independent verification: Upon
 weighing.                           initial installation, within 370
                                     days before testing, and after
                                     major maintenance.
                                    Zero, span, and reference sample
                                     verifications: Within 12 hours of
                                     weighing, and after major
                                     maintenance.
Sec.   1065.395: Inertial PM        Independent verification: Upon
 balance and weighing.               initial installation, within 370
                                     days before testing, and after
                                     major maintenance.
                                    Other verifications: Upon initial
                                     installation and after major
                                     maintenance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently than we
  specify, according to measurement system manufacturer instructions and
  good engineering judgment.
b Perform linearity verification either for electrical power or for
  current and voltage.
c Linearity verification is not required if DEF flow rate comes directly
  from the ECM signal as described in Sec.   1065.247(b).
d Linearity verification is not required if the flow signal's accuracy
  is verified by carbon balance error verification as described in Sec.
   1065.307(e)(5) or a propane check as described in Sec.   1065.341.
e CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check) is not required for
  measurement systems verified by linearity verification as described in
  Sec.   1065.307 or carbon balance error verification as described in
  Sec.   1065.341(h).

0
330. Amend Sec.  1065.307 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (c)(13), (d)(4), (d)(6)(i), (d)(7) and (9), and
(e)(3) and (5).
0
b. Adding paragraphs (e)(7)(i)(F) and (G).
0
c. Designating table 1 to the section as paragraph (f) and revising
newly designated paragraph (f).
0
d. Adding paragraph (g).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  1065.307  Linearity verification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (13) Use the arithmetic means, Yi, and reference values,
yrefi, to calculate least-squares linear regression
parameters and statistical values to compare to the minimum performance
criteria specified in Table 1 of this section. Use the calculations for
a floating intercept described in Sec.  1065.602. Using good
engineering judgment, you may weight the results of individual data
pairs (i.e., (yrefi, yi)), in the linear
regression calculations.
    (d) * * *
    (4) Fuel and DEF mass flow rate. Use a gravimetric reference
measurement (such as a scale, balance, or mass comparator) and a
container. Use a stopwatch or timer to measure the time intervals over
which reference masses of fluid pass through the mass flow rate meter.
Use good engineering judgment to correct the reference mass flowing
through the mass flow rate meter for buoyancy effects from any tubes,
temperature probes, or objects submerged in the fluid in the container
that are not attached to the container. If the container has any tubes
or wires connected to the container, recalibrate the gravimetric
reference measurement device with them connected and at normal
operating pressure using calibration weights that meet the requirements
in Sec.  1065.790. The corrected reference mass that flowed through the
mass flow rate meter during a time interval divided by the duration of
the time interval is the average reference mass flow rate. For meters
that report a different quantity (such as actual volume, standard
volume, or moles), convert the reported quantity to mass. For meters
that report a cumulative quantity calculate the average measured mass
flow rate as the difference in the reported cumulative mass during the
time interval divided by the duration of the time interval. For
measuring flow rate of gaseous fuel prevent condensation on the fuel
container and any attached tubes, fittings, or regulators.
* * * * *
    (6) * * *
    (i) At the outlet of the gas-division system, connect a gas
analyzer that meets the linearity verification described in this
section and has not been linearized with the gas divider being
verified. For example, verify the linearity of an analyzer using a
series of reference analytical gases directly from compressed gas
cylinders that meet the specifications of Sec.  1065.750. We recommend
using a FID analyzer or a PMD or MPD O2 analyzer because of
their inherent linearity. Operate this analyzer consistent with how you
would operate it during an emission test. Connect a span gas containing
only a single constituent of interest with balance of purified air or
purified N2 to the gas-divider inlet. Use the gas-division
system to divide the span gas with purified air or nitrogen. Select gas
divisions that you typically use. Use a selected gas division as the
measured value. Use the analyzer response divided by the span gas
concentration as the reference gas-division value. Because the
instrument response is not absolutely constant, sample and record
values of xrefi for 30 seconds and use the arithmetic mean
of the values, xref, as the reference value. Refer to Sec.
1065.602 for an example of calculating arithmetic mean.
* * * * *
    (7) Continuous constituent concentration. For reference values, use
a series of gas cylinders of known gas concentration containing only a
single constituent of interest with balance of purified air or purified
N2 or use a gas-division system that is known to be linear
with a span gas. Gas cylinders, gas-division systems, and span gases
that you use for reference values must meet the specifications of Sec.
1065.750.
* * * * *
    (9) Mass. For linearity verification for gravimetric PM balances,
fuel mass scales, and DEF mass scales, use external calibration weights
that meet the requirements in Sec.  1065.790. Perform the linearity
verification for fuel mass scales and DEF mass scales with the in-use
container, installing all objects that interface with the container.
For example, this includes all tubes, temperature probes, and objects
submerged in the fluid in the container; it also includes tubes,
fittings, regulators, and wires, and any other

objects attached to the container. We recommend that you develop and
apply appropriate buoyancy corrections for the configuration of your
mass scale during normal testing, consistent with good engineering
judgment. Account for the scale weighing a calibration weight instead
of fluid if you calculate buoyancy corrections. You may also correct
for the effect of natural convection currents from temperature
differences between the container and ambient air. Prepare for
linearity verification by taking the following steps for vented and
unvented containers:
    (i) If the container is vented to ambient, fill the container and
tubes with fluid above the minimum level used to trigger a fill
operation; drain the fluid down to the minimum level; tare the scale;
and perform the linearity verification.
    (ii) If the container is rigid and not vented, drain the fluid down
to the minimum level; fill all tubes attached to the container to
normal operating pressure; tare the scale; and perform the linearity
verification.
    (e) * * *
    (3) The expression ``max'' generally refers to the absolute value
of the reference value used during linearity verification that is
furthest from zero. This is the value used to scale the first and third
tolerances in Table 1 of this section using a0 and SEE. For
example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure
transducer vary from -10 to -1 kPa, then pmax is +10 kPa. If
the reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from
290 to 390 K, then Tmax is 390 K. For gas dividers where
``max'' is expressed as, xmax/xspan;
xmax is the maximum gas concentration used during the
verification, xspan is the undivided, undiluted, span gas
concentration, and the resulting ratio is the maximum divider point
reference value used during the verification (typically 1). The
following are special cases where ``max'' refers to a different value:
    (i) For linearity verification of a PM balance, mmax is
the typical mass of a PM filter.
    (ii) For linearity verification of a torque measurement system used
with the engine's primary output shaft, Tmax is the
manufacturer's specified peak torque of the lowest torque engine
expected during testing.
    (iii) For linearity verification of a fuel mass scale,
mmax is determined based on the range of engines and test
interval durations expected during testing. It is the minimum, over all
engines expected during testing, of the fuel consumption expected over
the minimum test interval duration at the engine's maximum fuel rate.
If the minimum test interval duration used during testing does not
change with engine power or if the minimum test interval duration used
during testing increases with engine power, mmax is given by
Eq. 1065.307-1. Calculate mmax using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.172

Where:

mmax,fuel = the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel
rate on the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
tmin = the minimum test interval duration expected during
testing. If the minimum test interval duration decreases with engine
power, evaluate Eq. 1065.307-1 for the range of engines expected
during testing and use the minimum calculated value of
mmax,fuel scale.

    (iv) For linearity verification of a DEF mass scale,
mmax is 10% of the value determined for a fuel mass scale in
paragraph (e)(3)(iii) of this section. You may determine
mmax for a DEF mass scale by evaluating mmax for
a fuel mass scale based only on the DEF-using engines expected during
testing.
    (v) For linearity verification of a fuel flow rate meter,
mmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel rate of
the lowest-power engine expected during testing.
    (vi) For linearity verification of a DEF flow rate meter,
mmax is 10% of the manufacturer's specified maximum fuel
rate of the lowest-power DEF-using engine expected during testing.
    (vii) For linearity verification of an intake-air flow rate meter,
nmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum intake-air flow
rate (converted to molar flow rate) of the lowest-power engine expected
during testing.
    (viii) For linearity verification of a raw exhaust flow rate meter,
nmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum exhaust flow
rate (converted to molar flow rate) of the lowest-power engine expected
during testing.
    (ix) For linearity verification of an electrical-power measurement
system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque,
Pmax is the manufacturer's specified maximum power of the
lowest-power engine expected during testing.
    (x) For linearity verification of an electrical-current measurement
system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft torque,
Imax is the maximum current expected on the lowest-power
engine expected during testing.
    (xi) For linearity verification of an electrical-voltage
measurement system used to determine the engine's primary output shaft
torque, Vmax is the minimum peak voltage expected on the
range of engines expected during testing.
* * * * *
    (5) Table 2 of this section describes optional verification
procedures you may perform instead of linearity verification for
certain systems. The following provisions apply for the alternative
verification procedures:
    (i) Perform the propane check verification described in Sec.
1065.341 at the frequency specified in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.303.
    (ii) Perform the carbon balance error verification described in
Sec.  1065.543 on all test sequences that use the corresponding system.
It must also meet the restrictions listed in Table 2 of this section.
You may evaluate the carbon balance error verification multiple ways
with different inputs to validate multiple flow-measurement systems.
* * * * *
    (7) * * *
    (i) * * *
    (F) Transmission oil.
    (G) Axle gear oil.
* * * * *
    (f) Performance criteria for measurement systems. Table 1 follows:
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.173

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C
    (g) Alternative verification procedures. Table 2 follows:

                   Table 2 of Sec.   1065.307--Optional Verification to Linearity Verification
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Restrictions for Sec.
         Measurement system               Sec.   1065.341            Sec.   1065.543               1065.543
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intake-air flow rate...............  Yes......................  Yes......................  Determine raw exhaust
                                                                                flow rate using the
                                                                                intake-air flow rate
                                                                                signal as an input
                                                                                into Eq. 1065.655-24
                                                                                and determine mass
                                                                                of CO2 over each
                                                                                test interval input
                                                                                into Eq. 1065.643-6
                                                                                using samples taken
                                                                                from the raw exhaust
                                                                                (continuous or bag,
                                                                                and with or without
                                                                                a PFD).
Dilution air flow rate for CVS.....  Yes......................  No.......................  Not allowed.
Diluted exhaust flow rate for CVS..  Yes......................  Yes......................  Determine mass of CO2
                                                                                over each test
                                                                                interval input into
                                                                                Eq. 1065.643-6 using
                                                                                samples taken from
                                                                                the CVS (continuous
                                                                                or bag, and with or
                                                                                without a PFD).
Raw exhaust flow rate for exhaust    Yes......................  Yes......................  Determine mass of CO2
 stack.                                                                                over each test
                                                                                interval input into
                                                                                Eq. 1065.643-6 using
                                                                                samples taken from
                                                                                the raw exhaust
                                                                                (continuous or bag,
                                                                                and with or without
                                                                                a PFD).

Flow measurements in a PFD (usually  Yes......................  Yes......................  Determine mass of CO2
 dilution air and diluted exhaust                                                           over each test
 streams) used to determine the                                                             interval input into
 dilution ratio in the PFD.                                                                 Eq. 1065.643-6 using
                                                                                samples taken from
                                                                                the PFD (continuous
                                                                                or bag).
Batch sampler flow rates...........  Yes......................  No.......................  Not allowed.
Fuel mass flow rate................  No.......................  Yes......................  Determine mass of a
                                                                                carbon-carrying
                                                                                fluid stream used as
                                                                                an input into Eq.
                                                                                1065.643-1 using the
                                                                                fuel mass flow rate
                                                                                meter.
Fuel mass scale....................  No.......................  Yes......................  Determine mass of a
                                                                                carbon-carrying
                                                                                fluid stream used as
                                                                                an input into Eq.
                                                                                1065.643-1 using the
                                                                                fuel mass scale.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
331. Amend Sec.  1065.309 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.309  Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-
recording verification--for gas analyzers continuously compensated for
other gas species.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Equipment setup. We recommend using minimal lengths of gas
transfer lines between all connections and fast-acting three-way valves
(2 inlets, 1 outlet) to control the flow of zero and blended span gases
to the sample system's probe inlet or a tee near the outlet of the
probe. If you inject the gas at a tee near the outlet of the probe, you
may correct the transformation time, t50, for an estimate of
the transport time from the probe inlet to the tee. Normally the gas
flow rate is higher than the sample flow rate and the excess is
overflowed out the inlet of the probe. If the gas flow rate is lower
than the sample flow rate, the gas concentrations must be adjusted to
account for the dilution from ambient air drawn into the probe. We
recommend you use the final, stabilized analyzer reading as the final
gas concentration. Select span gases for the species being continuously
combined, other than H2O. Select concentrations of
compensating species that will yield concentrations of these species at
the analyzer inlet that covers the range of concentrations expected
during testing. You may use binary or multi-gas span gases. You may use
a gas blending or mixing device to blend span gases. A gas blending or
mixing device is recommended when blending span gases diluted in
N2 with span gases diluted in air. You may use a multi-gas
span gas, such as NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-
CH4, to verify multiple analyzers at the same time. In
designing your experimental setup, avoid pressure pulsations due to
stopping the flow through the gas blending device. The change in gas
concentration must be at least 20% of the analyzer's range. If
H2O correction is applicable, then span gases must be
humidified before entering the analyzer; however, you may not humidify
NO2 span gas by passing it through a sealed humidification
vessel that contains H2O. You must humidify NO2
span gas with another moist gas stream. We recommend humidifying your
NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-CH4, balance
N2, blended gas by bubbling the gas mixture that meets the
specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled H2O in a
sealed vessel and then mixing the gas with dry NO2 gas,
balance purified air, or by using a device that introduces distilled
H2O as vapor into a controlled span gas flow. If the sample
does not pass through a dryer during emission testing, humidify your
span gas to an H2O level at or above the maximum expected
during emission testing. If the sample passes through a dryer during
emission testing, it must pass the sample dryer verification check in
Sec.  1065.342, and you must humidify your span gas to an
H2O level at or above the level determined in Sec.
1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. If you are humidifying span gases
without NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure that
the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from
the humidifying system to the probe are above the dewpoint required for
the target H2O content. If you are humidifying span gases
with NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure that there
is no condensation in the transfer lines, fittings, or valves from the
point where humidified gas is mixed with NO2 span gas to the
probe. We recommend that you design your setup so that the wall
temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from the
humidifying system to the probe are at least 5 [deg]C above the local
sample gas dewpoint. Operate the measurement and sample handling system
as you do for emission testing. Make no modifications to the sample
handling system to reduce the risk of condensation. Flow humidified gas
through the sampling system before this check to allow stabilization of
the measurement system's sampling handling system to occur, as it would
for an emission test.
* * * * *

Sec.  1065.320  [Amended]

0
332. Amend Sec.  1065.320 by removing and reserving paragraph (b).

0
333. Revise Sec.  1065.341 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.341  CVS and PFD flow verification (propane check).

    This section describes two optional methods, using propane as a
tracer gas, to verify CVS and PFD flow streams. You may use good
engineering judgment and safe practices to use other tracer gases, such
as CO2 or CO. The first method, described in paragraphs (a)
through (e) of this section, applies for the CVS diluted exhaust flow
measurement system. The first method may also apply for other single-
flow measurement systems as described in Table 2 of Sec.  1065.307.
Paragraph (g) of this section describes a second method you may use to
verify flow measurements in a PFD for determining the PFD dilution
ratio.
    (a) A propane check uses either a reference mass or a reference
flow rate of C3H8 as a tracer gas in a CVS. Note
that if you use a reference flow rate, account for any non-ideal gas
behavior of C3H8 in the reference flow meter.
Refer to Sec. Sec.  1065.640 and 1065.642, which describe how to
calibrate and use certain flow meters. Do not use any ideal gas
assumptions in Sec. Sec.  1065.640 and 1065.642. The propane check
compares the calculated mass of injected C3H8
using HC measurements and CVS flow rate measurements with the reference
value.
    (b) Prepare for the propane check as follows:
    (1) If you use a reference mass of C3H8
instead of a reference flow rate, obtain a cylinder charged with
C3H8. Determine the reference cylinder's mass of
C3H8 within 0.5% of the amount of
C3H8 that you expect to use. You may substitute a
C3H8 analytical gas mixture

(i.e., a prediluted tracer gas) for pure C3H8.
This would be most appropriate for lower flow rates. The analytical gas
mixture must meet the specifications in Sec.  1065.750(a)(3).
    (2) Select appropriate flow rates for the CVS and
C3H8.
    (3) Select a C3H8 injection port in the CVS.
Select the port location to be as close as practical to the location
where you introduce engine exhaust into the CVS, or at some point in
the laboratory exhaust tubing upstream of this location. Connect the
C3H8 cylinder to the injection system.
    (4) Operate and stabilize the CVS.
    (5) Preheat or pre-cool any heat exchangers in the sampling system.
    (6) Allow heated and cooled components such as sample lines,
filters, chillers, and pumps to stabilize at operating temperature.
    (7) You may purge the HC sampling system during stabilization.
    (8) If applicable, perform a vacuum side leak verification of the
HC sampling system as described in Sec.  1065.345.
    (9) You may also conduct any other calibrations or verifications on
equipment or analyzers.
    (c) If you performed the vacuum-side leak verification of the HC
sampling system as described in paragraph (b)(8) of this section, you
may use the HC contamination procedure in Sec.  1065.520(f) to verify
HC contamination. Otherwise, zero, span, and verify contamination of
the HC sampling system, as follows:
    (1) Select the lowest HC analyzer range that can measure the
C3H8 concentration expected for the CVS and
C3H8 flow rates.
    (2) Zero the HC analyzer using zero air introduced at the analyzer
port.
    (3) Span the HC analyzer using C3H8 span gas
introduced at the analyzer port.
    (4) Overflow zero air at the HC probe inlet or into a tee near the
outlet of the probe.
    (5) Measure the stable HC concentration of the HC sampling system
as overflow zero air flows. For batch HC measurement, fill the batch
container (such as a bag) and measure the HC overflow concentration.
    (6) If the overflow HC concentration exceeds 2 [mu]mol/mol, do not
proceed until contamination is eliminated. Determine the source of the
contamination and take corrective action, such as cleaning the system
or replacing contaminated portions.
    (7) When the overflow HC concentration does not exceed 2 [mu]mol/
mol, record this value as xTHCinit and use it to correct for
HC contamination as described in Sec.  1065.660.
    (d) Perform the propane check as follows:
    (1) For batch HC sampling, connect clean storage media, such as
evacuated bags.
    (2) Operate HC measurement instruments according to the instrument
manufacturer's instructions.
    (3) If you will correct for dilution air background concentrations
of HC, measure and record background HC in the dilution air.
    (4) Zero any integrating devices.
    (5) Begin sampling, and start any flow integrators.
    (6) Release the contents of the C3H8
reference cylinder at the rate you selected. If you use a reference
flow rate of C3H8, start integrating this flow
rate.
    (7) Continue to release the cylinder's contents until at least
enough C3H8 has been released to ensure accurate
quantification of the reference C3H8 and the
measured C3H8.
    (8) Shut off the C3H8 reference cylinder and
continue sampling until you have accounted for time delays due to
sample transport and analyzer response.
    (9) Stop sampling and stop any integrators.
    (e) Perform post-test procedure as follows:
    (1) If you used batch sampling, analyze batch samples as soon as
practical.
    (2) After analyzing HC, correct for contamination and background.
    (3) Calculate total C3H8 mass based on your
CVS and HC data as described in Sec.  1065.650 (40 CFR 1066.605 for
vehicle testing) and Sec.  1065.660, using the molar mass of
C3H8, MC3H8, instead the effective
molar mass of HC, MHC.
    (4) If you use a reference mass, determine the cylinder's propane
mass within 0.5% and determine the
C3H8 reference mass by subtracting the empty
cylinder propane mass from the full cylinder propane mass.
    (5) Subtract the reference C3H8 mass from the
calculated mass. If this difference is within 2% of the
reference mass, the CVS passes this verification. If not, take
corrective action as described in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (f) A failed propane check might indicate one or more problems
requiring corrective action, as follows:

  Table 1 of Sec.   1065.341--Troubleshooting Guide for Propane Checks
------------------------------------------------------------------------
           Problem                   Recommended corrective action
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incorrect analyzer             Recalibrate, repair, or replace the FID
 calibration.                   analyzer.
Leaks........................  Inspect CVS tunnel, connections,
                                fasteners, and HC sampling system.
                                Repair or replace components.
Poor mixing..................  Perform the verification as described in
                                this section while traversing a sampling
                                probe across the tunnel's diameter,
                                vertically and horizontally. If the
                                analyzer response indicates any
                                deviation exceeding 2% of
                                the mean measured concentration,
                                consider operating the CVS at a higher
                                flow rate or installing a mixing plate
                                or orifice to improve mixing.
Hydrocarbon contamination in   Perform the hydrocarbon-contamination
 the sample system.             verification as described in Sec.
                                1065.520.
Change in CVS calibration....  Perform a calibration of the CVS flow
                                meter as described in Sec.   1065.340.
Flow meter entrance effects..  Inspect the CVS tunnel to determine
                                whether the entrance effects from the
                                piping configuration upstream of the
                                flow meter adversely affect the flow
                                measurement.
Other problems with the CVS    Inspect the CVS system and related
 or sampling verification       verification hardware, and software for
 hardware or software.          discrepancies.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (g) You may verify flow measurements in a PFD (usually dilution air
and diluted exhaust streams) for determining the dilution ratio in the
PFD using the following method:
    (1) Configure the HC sampling system to extract a sample from the
PFD's diluted exhaust stream (such as near a PM filter). If the
absolute pressure at this location is too low to extract an HC sample,
you may sample HC from the PFD's pump exhaust. Use caution when
sampling from pump exhaust because

an otherwise acceptable pump leak downstream of a PFD diluted exhaust
flow meter will cause a false failure of the propane check.
    (2) Perform the propane check described in paragraphs (b), (c), and
(d) of this section, but sample HC from the PFD's diluted exhaust
stream. Inject the propane in the same exhaust stream that the PFD is
sampling from (either CVS or raw exhaust stack).
    (3) Calculate C3H8 mass, taking into account
the dilution from the PFD.
    (4) Subtract the reference C3H8 mass from the
calculated mass. If this difference is within 2% of the
reference mass, all PFD flow measurements for determining PFD dilution
ratio pass this verification. If not, take corrective action as
described in paragraph (f) of this section. For PFDs sampling only for
PM, the allowed difference is 5%.
    (h) Table 2 of Sec.  1065.307 describes optional verification
procedures you may perform instead of linearity verification for
certain flow-measurement systems. Performing carbon balance error
verification also replaces any required propane checks.

0
334. Amend Sec.  1065.342 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.342  Sample dryer verification.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Humidify room air, purified N2, or purified air by
bubbling it through distilled H2O in a sealed vessel or use
a device that injects distilled H2O as vapor into a
controlled gas flow to humidify the gas to the highest sample
H2O content that you estimate during emission sampling.
* * * * *

0
335. Amend Sec.  1065.350 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.350  H2O interference verification for CO2O NDIR analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling zero gas that meets
the specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled H2O
in a sealed vessel or use a device that introduces distilled
H2O as vapor into a controlled gas flow. If the sample does
not pass through a dryer during emission testing, humidify your test
gas to an H2O level at or above the maximum expected during
emission testing. If the sample passes through a dryer during emission
testing, you must humidify your test gas to an H2O level at
or above the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer.
* * * * *

0
336. Amend Sec.  1065.355 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.355  H2O and CO2O interference verification for CO NDIR
analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Create a humidified CO2O test gas by bubbling a
CO2O span gas that meets the specifications in Sec.
1065.750 through distilled H2O in a sealed vessel or use a
device that introduces distilled H2O as vapor into a
controlled gas flow. If the sample does not pass through a dryer during
emission testing, humidify your test gas to an H2O level at
or above the maximum expected during emission testing. If the sample
passes through a dryer during emission testing, you must humidify your
test gas to an H2O at or above the level determined in Sec.
1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use a CO2O span gas
concentration at least as high as the maximum expected during testing.
* * * * *

0
337. Amend Sec.  1065.360 by adding paragraphs (a)(4) and (d)(12) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.360  FID optimization and verification.

    (a) * * *
    (4) For any gaseous-fueled engine, including dual-fuel and
flexible-fuel engines, you may determine the methane (CH4)
and ethane (C2H6) response factors as a function
of the molar water concentration in the raw or diluted exhaust. If you
choose the option in this paragraph (a)(4), generate and verify the
humidity level (or fraction) as described in Sec.  1065.365(d)(11).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (12) Determine the response factor as a function of molar water
concentration and use this response factor to account for the
CH4 response for NMHC determination described in Sec.
1065.660(b)(2)(iii). Humidify the CH4 span gas as described
in Sec.  1065.365(d)(11) and repeat the steps in paragraphs (d)(7)
through (9) of this section until measurements are complete for each
setpoint in the selected range. Divide each mean measured
CH4 concentration by the recorded span concentration of the
CH4 calibration gas, adjusted for water content, to determine the FID
analyzer's CH4 response factor, RFCH4[THC	FID]. Use the
CH4 response factors at the different setpoints to create a
functional relationship between response factor and molar water
concentration, downstream of the last sample dryer if any sample dryers
are present. Use this functional relationship to determine the response
factor during an emission test.
* * * * *

0
338. Amend Sec.  1065.365 by revising paragraphs (a), (d), and (f)(9)
and (14) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.365  Nonmethane cutter penetration fractions.

    (a) Scope and frequency. If you use a FID analyzer and a nonmethane
cutter (NMC) to measure methane (CH4), determine the
nonmethane cutter's penetration fractions of methane, PFCH4,
and ethane, PFC2H6. As detailed in this section, these
penetration fractions may be determined as a combination of NMC
penetration fractions and FID analyzer response factors, depending on
your particular NMC and FID analyzer configuration. Perform this
verification after installing the nonmethane cutter. Repeat this
verification within 185 days of testing to verify that the catalytic
activity of the cutter has not deteriorated. Note that because
nonmethane cutters can deteriorate rapidly and without warning if they
are operated outside of certain ranges of gas concentrations and
outside of certain temperature ranges, good engineering judgment may
dictate that you determine a nonmethane cutter's penetration fractions
more frequently.
* * * * *
    (d) Procedure for a FID calibrated with the NMC. The method
described in this paragraph (d) is recommended over the procedures
specified in paragraphs (e) and (f) of this section and required for
any gaseous-fueled engine, including dual-fuel and flexible-fuel
engines. If your FID arrangement is such that a FID is always
calibrated to measure CH4 with the NMC, then span that FID
with the NMC using a CH4 span gas, set the product of that
FID's CH4 response factor and CH4 penetration
fraction, RFPFCH4[NMC-FID], equal to 1.0 for all emission
calculations, and determine its combined C2H6
response factor and C2H6 penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID], as follows. For any gaseous-fueled
engine, including dual-fuel and flexible-fuel engines, you must
determine the CH4 penetration fraction,
PFCH4[NMC-FID], and C2H6 response
factor and C2H6 penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID], as a function of the molar water
concentration in the raw or diluted exhaust as described in paragraphs
(d)(10) and (12) of this section. Generate and verify the humidity
generation as described in paragraph (d)(11) of this section. When
using the option in this paragraph (d), note that the FID's
CH4 penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID], is set
equal to

1.0 only for 0% molar water concentration. You are not required to meet
the recommended lower limit for PFCH4 of greater than 0.85
for any of the penetration fractions generated as a function of molar
water concentration.
    (1) Select CH4 and C2H6 analytical
gas mixtures and ensure that both mixtures meet the specifications of
Sec.  1065.750. Select a CH4 concentration that you would
use for spanning the FID during emission testing and select a
C2H6 concentration that is typical of the peak
NMHC concentration expected at the hydrocarbon standard or equal to the
THC analyzer's span value. For CH4 analyzers with multiple
ranges, perform this procedure on the highest range used for emission
testing.
    (2) Start, operate, and optimize the nonmethane cutter according to
the manufacturer's instructions, including any temperature
optimization.
    (3) Confirm that the FID analyzer meets all the specifications of
Sec.  1065.360.
    (4) Start and operate the FID analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions.
    (5) Zero and span the FID with the nonmethane cutter as you would
during emission testing. Span the FID through the cutter by using
CH4 span gas.
    (6) Introduce the C2H6 analytical gas mixture
upstream of the nonmethane cutter. Use good engineering judgment to
address the effect of hydrocarbon contamination if your point of
introduction is vastly different from the point of zero/span gas
introduction.
    (7) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize.
Stabilization time may include time to purge the nonmethane cutter and
to account for the analyzer's response.
    (8) While the analyzer measures a stable concentration, record 30
seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of these data
points.
    (9) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration by the
reference concentration of C2H6, converted to a
C1 basis. The result is the C2H6
combined response factor and penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use the CH4 response factors
at the different setpoints to create a functional relatFID]. Use this
combined C2H6 response factor and
C2H6 penetration fraction and the product of the
CH4 response factor and CH4 penetration fraction,
RFPFCH4[NMC-FID]. Use the CH4 response factors at
the different setpoints to create a functional relatFID], set to 1.0 in
emission calculations according to Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)(i) or (d)(1)(i)
or Sec.  1065.665, as applicable.
    (10) Determine the combined C2H6 response
factor and C2H6 penetration fraction as a
function of molar water concentration and use it to account for
C2H6 response factor and
C2H6 penetration fraction for NMHC determination
as described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)(iii) and for CH4
determination in Sec.  1065.660(d)(1)(iii). Humidify the
C2H6 analytical gas mixture as described in
paragraph (d)(11) of this section. Repeat the steps in paragraphs
(d)(6) through (8) of this section until measurements are complete for
each setpoint in the selected range. Divide each mean measured
C2H6 concentration by the reference concentration
of C2H6, converted to a C1-basis and
adjusted for water content to determine the FID analyzer's combined
C2H6 response factor and
C2H6 penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use the CH4 response factors
at the different setpoints to create a functional relatFID]. Use
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use the CH4 response factors
at the different setpoints to create a functional relatFID] at the
different setpoints to create a functional relationship between the
combined response factor and penetration fraction and molar water
concentration, downstream of the last sample dryer if any sample dryers
are present. Use this functional relationship to determine the combined
response factor and penetration fraction during the emission test.
    (11) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling the analytical gas
mixture that meets the specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through
distilled H2O in a sealed vessel or use a device that
introduces distilled H2O as vapor into a controlled gas
flow. If the sample does not pass through a dryer during emission
testing, generate at least five different H2O concentrations
that cover the range from less than the minimum expected to greater
than the maximum expected water concentration during testing. Use good
engineering judgment to determine the target concentrations. For
analyzers where the sample passes through a dryer during emission
testing, humidify your test gas to an H2O level at or above
the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer and
determine a single wet analyzer response to the dehumidified sample.
Heat all transfer lines from the water generation system to a
temperature at least 5 [deg]C higher than the highest dewpoint
generated. Determine H2O concentration as an average value
over intervals of at least 30 seconds. Monitor the humidified sample
stream with a dewpoint analyzer, relative humidity sensor, FTIR, NDIR,
or other water analyzer during each test or, if the humidity generator
achieves humidity levels with controlled flow rates, validate the
instrument within 370 days before testing and after major maintenance
using one of the following methods:
    (i) Determine the linearity of each flow metering device. Use one
or more reference flow meters to measure the humidity generator's flow
rates and verify the H2O level value based on the humidity
generator manufacturer's recommendations and good engineering judgment.
We recommend that you utilize at least 10 flow rates for each flow-
metering device.
    (ii) Perform validation testing based on monitoring the humidified
stream with a dewpoint analyzer, relative humidity sensor, FTIR, NDIR,
or other water analyzer as described in this paragraph (d)(11). Compare
the measured humidity to the humidity generator's value. Verify overall
linearity performance for the generated humidity as described in Sec.
1065.307 using the criteria for other dewpoint measurements or confirm
all measured values are within 2% of the target mole
fraction. In the case of dry gas, the measured value may not exceed
0.002 mole fraction.
    (iii) Follow the performance requirements in Sec.  1065.307(b) if
the humidity generator does not meet validation criteria.
    (12) Determine the CH4 penetration fraction as a
function of molar water concentration and use this penetration fraction
for NMHC determination in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2)(iii) and for
CH4 determination in Sec.  1065.660(d)(1)(iii). Repeat the
steps in paragraphs (d)(6) through (11) of this section, but with the
CH4 analytical gas mixture instead of
C2H6. Use this functional relationship to
determine the penetration fraction during the emission test.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (9) Divide the mean C2H6 concentration by the
reference concentration of C2H6, converted to a
C1 basis. The result is the combined
C2H6 response factor and
C2H6 penetration fraction,
RFPFC2H6[NMC-FID]. Use this combined
C2H6 response factor and
C2H6 penetration fraction according to Sec.
1065.660(b)(2)(iii) or (d)(1)(iii) or Sec.  1065.665, as applicable.
* * * * *
    (14) Divide the mean CH4 concentration measured through
the nonmethane cutter by the mean CH4 concentration measured
after bypassing the nonmethane cutter. The result is the CH4
penetration fraction, PFCH4[NMC-FID].

Use this CH4 penetration fraction according to Sec.
1065.660(b)(2)(iii) or (d)(1)(iii) or Sec.  1065.665, as applicable.

0
339. Amend Sec.  1065.370 by revising paragraph (e)(5) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.370  CLD CO2 and H2O quench verification.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (5) Create a humidified NO span gas by bubbling a NO gas that meets
the specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled H2O
in a sealed vessel or use a device that introduces distilled
H2O as vapor into a controlled gas flow. If the sample does
not pass through a dryer during emission testing, humidify your test
gas to an H2O level approximately equal to the maximum mole
fraction of H2O expected during emission testing. If the
humidified NO span gas sample does not pass through a sample dryer, the
quench verification calculations in Sec.  1065.675 scale the measured
H2O quench to the highest mole fraction of H2O
expected during emission testing. If the sample passes through a dryer
during emission testing, you must humidify your test gas to an
H2O level at or above the level determined in Sec.
1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. For this case, the quench verification
calculations in Sec.  1065.675 do not scale the measured H2O
quench.
* * * * *

0
340. Amend Sec.  1065.375 by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.375  Interference verification for N2O analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling a multi component span
gas that incorporates the target interference species and meets the
specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled H2O in a
sealed vessel or use a device that introduces distilled H2O
as vapor into a controlled gas flow. If the sample does not pass
through a dryer during emission testing, humidify your test gas to an
H2O level at or above the maximum expected during emission
testing. If the sample passes through a dryer during emission testing,
you must humidify your test gas to an H2O level at or above
the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use
interference span gas concentrations that are at least as high as the
maximum expected during testing.
* * * * *

0
341. Amend Sec.  1065.410 by revising paragraphs (c) and (d) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.410  Maintenance limits for stabilized test engines.

* * * * *
    (c) If you inspect an engine, keep a record of the inspection and
update your application for certification to document any changes that
result. You may use any kind of equipment, instrument, or tool that is
available at dealerships and other service outlets to identify
malfunctioning components or perform maintenance.
    (d) You may repair defective parts from a test engine if they are
unrelated to emission control. You must ask us to approve repairs that
might affect the engine's emission controls. If we determine that a
part failure, system malfunction, or associated repair makes the
engine's emission controls unrepresentative of production engines, you
may not use it as an emission-data engine. Also, if your test engine
has a major mechanical failure that requires you to take it apart, you
may no longer use it as an emission-data engine.

0
342. Amend Sec.  1065.510 by:
0
a. Revising paragraphs (a) introductory text and (b)(5)(i).
0
b. Adding paragraph (c)(5).
0
c. Revising paragraph (f)(4)(i)
    The revisions and addition read as follows:

Sec.  1065.510  Engine mapping.

    (a) Applicability, scope, and frequency. An engine map is a data
set that consists of a series of paired data points that represent the
maximum brake torque versus engine speed, measured at the engine's
primary output shaft. Map your engine if the standard-setting part
requires engine mapping to generate a duty cycle for your engine
configuration. Map your engine while it is connected to a dynamometer
or other device that can absorb work output from the engine's primary
output shaft according to Sec.  1065.110. Configure any auxiliary work
inputs and outputs such as hybrid, turbo-compounding, or thermoelectric
systems to represent their in-use configurations, and use the same
configuration for emission testing. See Figure 1 of Sec.  1065.210.
This may involve configuring initial states of charge and rates and
times of auxiliary-work inputs and outputs. We recommend that you
contact the Designated Compliance Officer before testing to determine
how you should configure any auxiliary-work inputs and outputs. Use the
most recent engine map to transform a normalized duty cycle from the
standard-setting part to a reference duty cycle specific to your
engine. Normalized duty cycles are specified in the standard-setting
part. You may update an engine map at any time by repeating the engine-
mapping procedure. You must map or re-map an engine before a test if
any of the following apply:
* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) * * *
    (i) For any engine subject only to steady-state duty cycles, you
may perform an engine map by using discrete speeds. Select at least 20
evenly spaced setpoints from 95% of warm idle speed to the highest
speed above maximum power at which 50% of maximum power occurs. We
refer to this 50% speed as the check point speed as described in
paragraph (b)(5)(iii) of this section. At each setpoint, stabilize
speed and allow torque to stabilize. We recommend that you stabilize an
engine for at least 15 seconds at each setpoint and record the mean
feedback speed and torque of the last (4 to 6) seconds. Record the mean
speed and torque at each setpoint. Use linear interpolation to
determine intermediate speeds and torques. Use this series of speeds
and torques to generate the power map as described in paragraph (e) of
this section.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (5) For engines with an electric hybrid system, map the negative
torque required to motor the engine by repeating paragraph (b) of this
section with minimum operator demand and a fully charged RESS or with
the hybrid system disabled, such that it doesn't affect the motoring
torque. You may start the negative torque map at either the minimum or
maximum speed from paragraph (b) of this section.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (4) * * *
    (i) For variable-speed engines, declare a warm idle torque that is
representative of in-use operation. For example, if your engine is
typically connected to an automatic transmission or a hydrostatic
transmission, declare the torque that occurs at the idle speed at which
your engine operates when the transmission is engaged. Use this value
for cycle generation. You may use multiple warm idle torques and
associated idle speeds in cycle generation for representative testing.
For example, for cycles that start the engine and begin with idle, you
may start a cycle in idle with the transmission in neutral with zero
torque and later switch to a different idle with the transmission in
drive with the Curb-Idle Transmission Torque (CITT). For variable-speed
engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an
automatic transmission where

that engine is subject to a transient duty cycle with idle operation,
you must declare a CITT. We recommend that you specify CITT as a
function of idle speed for engines with adjustable warm idle or
enhanced-idle. You may specify a CITT based on typical applications at
the mean of the range of idle speeds you specify at stabilized
temperature conditions.
* * * * *

0
343. Amend Sec.  1065.512 by revising paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.512  Duty cycle generation.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Engine speed for variable-speed engines. For variable-speed
engines, normalized speed may be expressed as a percentage between warm
idle speed, fnidle, and maximum test speed,
fntest, or speed may be expressed by referring to a defined
speed by name, such as ``warm idle,'' ``intermediate speed,'' or ``A,''
``B,'' or ``C'' speed. Section 1065.610 describes how to transform
these normalized values into a sequence of reference speeds,
fnref. Running duty cycles with negative or small normalized
speed values near warm idle speed may cause low-speed idle governors to
activate and the engine torque to exceed the reference torque even
though the operator demand is at a minimum. In such cases, we recommend
controlling the dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the
reference torque instead of the reference speed and let the engine
govern the speed. Note that the cycle-validation criteria in Sec.
1065.514 allow an engine to govern itself. This allowance permits you
to test engines with enhanced-idle devices and to simulate the effects
of transmissions such as automatic transmissions. For example, an
enhanced-idle device might be an idle speed value that is normally
commanded only under cold-start conditions to quickly warm up the
engine and aftertreatment devices. In this case, negative and very low
normalized speeds will generate reference speeds below this higher
enhanced-idle speed. You may do either of the following with when using
enhanced-idle devices:
    (i) Control the dynamometer so it gives priority to follow the
reference torque, controlling the operator demand so it gives priority
to follow reference speed and let the engine govern the speed when the
operator demand is at minimum.
    (ii) While running an engine where the electronic control module
broadcasts an enhanced-idle speed that is above the denormalized speed,
use the broadcast speed as the reference speed. Use these new reference
points for duty-cycle validation. This does not affect how you
determine denormalized reference torque in paragraph (b)(2) of this
section.
    (2) Engine torque for variable-speed engines. For variable-speed
engines, normalized torque is expressed as a percentage of the mapped
torque at the corresponding reference speed. Section 1065.610 describes
how to transform normalized torques into a sequence of reference
torques, Tref. Section 1065.610 also describes special
requirements for modifying transient duty cycles for variable-speed
engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle with an
automatic transmission. Section 1065.610 also describes under what
conditions you may command Tref greater than the reference torque you
calculated from a normalized duty cycle, which permits you to command
Tref values that are limited by a declared minimum torque.
For any negative torque commands, command minimum operator demand and
use the dynamometer to control engine speed to the reference speed, but
if reference speed is so low that the idle governor activates, we
recommend using the dynamometer to control torque to zero, CITT, or a
declared minimum torque as appropriate. Note that you may omit power
and torque points during motoring from the cycle-validation criteria in
Sec.  1065.514. Also, use the maximum mapped torque at the minimum
mapped speed as the maximum torque for any reference speed at or below
the minimum mapped speed.
* * * * *

0
344. Amend Sec.  1065.514 by revising paragraphs (e) introductory text,
(e)(3), and (f)(3) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.514  Cycle-validation criteria for operation over specified
duty cycles.

* * * * *
    (e) Statistical parameters. Use the remaining points to calculate
regression statistics for a floating intercept as described in Sec.
1065.602. Round calculated regression statistics to the same number of
significant digits as the criteria to which they are compared. Refer to
Table 2 of this section for the default criteria and refer to the
standard-setting part to determine if there are other criteria for your
engine. Calculate the following regression statistics:
* * * * *
    (3) Standard error of the estimate for feedback speed, SEEfn,
feedback torque, SEET, and feedback power SEEP.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (3) For discrete-mode steady-state testing, apply cycle-validation
criteria by treating the sampling periods from the series of test modes
as a continuous sampling period, analogous to ramped-modal testing and
apply statistical criteria as described in paragraph (f)(1) or (2) of
this section. Note that if the gaseous and particulate test intervals
are different periods of time, separate validations are required for
the gaseous and particulate test intervals. Table 2 follows:

               Table 2 of Sec.   1065.514--Default Statistical Criteria for Validating Duty Cycles
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            Parameter                        Speed                     Torque                     Power
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Slope, a1........................  0.950 <= a1 <= 1.030.....  0.830 <= a1 <= 1.030....  0.830 <= a1 <= 1.030.
Absolute value of intercept,       <= 10% of warm idle......  <= 2% of maximum mapped   <= 2% of maximum mapped
 [verbarlm]a0[verbarlm].                                       torque.                   power.
Standard error of the estimate,    <= 5% of maximum test      <= 10% of maximum mapped  <= 10% of maximum mapped
 SEE.                               speed.                     torque.                   power.
Coefficient of determination, r2.  >= 0.970.................  >= 0.850................  >= 0.910.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
345. Amend Sec.  1065.530 by revising paragraph (a)(2)(iii) and adding
paragraph (g)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.530  Emission test sequence.

    (a) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (iii) For testing that involves hot-stabilized emission
measurements, bring the engine either to warm idle or the first
operating point of the duty cycle. Start the test within 10 min of
achieving temperature stability. Determine temperature stability as the
point at

which the engine thermostat controls engine temperature or as the point
at which measured operating temperature has stayed within 2% of the mean value for at least 2 min based on the following
parameters:
    (A) Engine coolant or block or head absolute temperatures for
water-cooled engines.
    (B) Oil sump absolute temperature for air-cooled engines with an
oil sump.
    (C) Cylinder head absolute temperature or exhaust gas temperature
for air-cooled engines with no oil sump.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (5) If you perform carbon balance error verification, verify carbon
balance error as specified in the standard-setting part and Sec.
1065.543. Calculate and report the three carbon balance error
quantities for each test interval; carbon mass absolute error for a
test interval ([epsi]aC), carbon mass rate absolute error
for a test interval ([epsi]aCrate), and carbon mass relative
error for a test interval ([epsi]rC). For duty cycles with
multiple test intervals, you may calculate and report the composite
carbon mass relative error, [epsi]rCcomp, for the whole duty
cycle. If you report [epsi]rCcomp, you must still calculate
and report [epsi]aC, [epsi]aCrate, and
[epsi]rC for each test interval.
* * * * *

0
346. Add Sec.  1065.543 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.543  Carbon balance error verification.

    (a) Carbon balance error verification compares independently
calculated quantities of carbon flowing into and out of an engine
system. The engine system includes aftertreatment devices as
applicable. Calculating carbon intake considers carbon-carrying streams
flowing into the system, including intake air, fuel, and optionally DEF
or other fluids. Carbon flow out of the system comes from exhaust
emission calculations. Note that this verification is not valid if you
calculate exhaust molar flow rate using fuel rate and chemical balance
as described in Sec.  1065.655(f)(3) because carbon flows into and out
of the system are not independent. Use good engineering judgment to
ensure that carbon mass in and carbon mass out data signals align.
    (b) Perform the carbon balance error verification after emission
sampling is complete for a test interval or duty cycle as described in
Sec.  1065.530(g). Testing must include measured values as needed to
determine intake air, fuel flow, and carbon-related gaseous exhaust
emissions. You may optionally account for the flow of carbon-carrying
fluids other than intake air and fuel into the system. Perform carbon
balance error verification as follows:
    (1) Calculate carbon balance error quantities as described in Sec.
1065.643. The three quantities for individual test intervals are carbon
mass absolute error, [epsi]aC, carbon mass rate absolute
error, [epsi]aCrate, and carbon mass relative error,
[epsi]rC. Determine [epsi]aC,
[epsi]aCrate, and [epsi]rC for all test
intervals. You may determine composite carbon mass relative error,
[epsi]rCcomp, as a fourth quantity that optionally applies for duty
cycles with multiple test intervals.
    (2) You meet verification criteria for an individual test interval
if the absolute values of carbon balance error quantities are at or
below the following limit values:
    (i) Calculate the carbon mass absolute error limit,
L[epsi]aC, in grams to three decimal places for comparision
to the absolute value of [epsi];aC, using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.174

Where:

c = power-specific carbon mass absolute error coefficient = 0.007 g/
kW.
Pmax = maximum power from the engine map generated
according to Sec.  1065.510. If measured
Pmax is not available, use a manufacturer-declared value
for Pmax.

Example:

c = 0.007 g/kW
Pmax = 230.0 kW
LoaC = 0.007 [middot] 230.0 = 1.610 g

    (ii) Calculate the carbon mass rate absolute error limit,
L[epsi]aCrate, in grams per hour to three decimal places for
comparison to the absolute value of [epsi]aCrate, using the
following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.175

Where:

d = power-specific carbon mass rate absolute error coefficient =
0.31 g/(kW [middot] hr).
Pmax = maximum power from the engine map generated
according to Sec.  1065.510. If measured
Pmax is not available, use a manufacturer-declared value
for Pmax.

Example:

d = 0.31 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Pmax = 230.0 kW
L[egr]aCrate = 71.300 g/hr

    (iii) The carbon mass relative error limit,
    L[egr]rC, is 0.020 for comparision to the absolute value
of [epsi]rC, and optionally the absolute value of
[epsi]rCcomp.
    (c) A failed carbon balance error verification might indicate one
or more problems requiring corrective action, as follows:

             Table 1 of Sec.   1065.543--Troubleshooting Guide for Carbon Balance Error Verification
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          Area of concern                      Problem                     Recommended corrective action
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gas analyzer system................  Incorrect analyzer           Calibrate NDIR and THC analyzers.
                                      calibration.
                                     Incorrect time alignment     Determine transformation time, t50, for
                                      between flow and             continuous gas analyzers and time-align flow
                                      concentration data.          and concentration data as described in Sec.
                                                                   1065.650(c)(2)(i).
                                     Problems with the sample     Inspect sample system components such as
                                      system.                      sample lines, filters, chillers, and pumps
                                                                   for leaks, operating temperature, and
                                                                   contamination.
Fuel flow measurement..............  Zero shift of fuel flow      Perform an in-situ zero adjustment.
                                      rate meter.
                                     Change in fuel flow meter    Calibrate the fuel flow meter as described in
                                      calibration.                 Sec.   1065.320.
                                     Incorrect time alignment of  Verify alignment of carbon mass in and carbon
                                      fuel flow data.              mass out data streams.
                                     Short sampling periods.....  For test intervals with varying duration, such
                                                                   as discrete-mode steady-state duty cycles,
                                                                   make the test intervals longer to improve
                                                                   accuracy when measuring low fuel flow rates.

                                     Fluctuations in the fuel     Improve stability of the fuel temperature and
                                      conditioning system.         pressure conditioning system to improve
                                                                   accuracy when measuring low fuel flow rates.
Dilute testing using a CVS system..  Leaks......................  Inspect exhaust system and CVS tunnel,
                                                                   connections, and fasteners. Repair or replace
                                                                   components as needed. A leak in the exhaust
                                                                   transfer tube to the CVS may result in
                                                                   negative values for carbon balance error.
                                     Poor mixing................  Perform the verification related to mixing in
                                                                   Sec.   1065.341(f).
                                     Change in CVS calibration..  Calibrate the CVS flow meter as described in
                                                                   Sec.   1065.340.
                                     Flow meter entrance effects  Inspect the CVS tunnel to determine whether
                                                                   entrance effects from the piping
                                                                   configuration upstream of the flow meter
                                                                   adversely affect flow measurement.
                                     Other problems with the CVS  Inspect hardware and software for the CVS
                                      or sampling verification     system and CVS verification system for
                                      hardware or software.        discrepancies.
Raw testing using intake air flow    Leaks......................  Inspect intake air and exhaust systems,
 measurement or direct exhaust flow                                connections, fasteners. Repair or replace
 measurement.                                                      components as needed.
                                     Zero shift of intake air     Perform an in-situ zero adjustment.
                                      flow rate meter.
                                     Change in intake air flow    Calibrate the intake air flow meter as
                                      meter calibration.           described in Sec.   1065.325.
                                     Zero shift of exhaust flow   Perform an in-situ zero adjustment.
                                      rate meter.
                                     Change in exhaust flow       Calibrate the exhaust flow meter as described
                                      meter calibration.           in Sec.   1065.330.
                                     Flow meter entrance effects  Inspect intake air and exhaust systems to
                                                                   determine whether entrance effects from the
                                                                   piping configuration upstream and downstream
                                                                   of the intake air flow meter or the exhaust
                                                                   flow meter adversely affect flow measurement.
                                     Other problems with the      Look for discrepancies in the hardware and
                                      intake air flow and          software for measuring intake air flow and
                                      exhaust flow measurement     exhaust flow.
                                      hardware or software.
                                     Poor mixing................  Ensure that all streams are well mixed.
Accuracy of fluid properties.......  Inaccurate fluid properties  If defaults are used, use measured values. If
                                                                   measured values are used, verify fluid
                                                                   property determination.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
347. Amend Sec.  1065.545 by revising paragraphs (a) and (b)
introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.545  Verification of proportional flow control for batch
sampling.

* * * * *
    (a) For any pair of flow rates, use recorded sample and total flow
rates. Total flow rate means the raw exhaust flow rate for raw exhaust
sampling and the dilute exhaust flow rate for CVS sampling, or their 1
Hz means with the statistical calculations in Sec.  1065.602 forcing
the intercept through zero. Determine the standard error of the
estimate, SEE, of the sample flow rate versus the total flow rate. For
each test interval, demonstrate that SEE was less than or equal to 3.5%
of the mean sample flow rate.
    (b) For any pair of flow rates, use recorded sample and total flow
rates. Total flow rate means the raw exhaust flow rate for raw exhaust
sampling and the dilute exhaust flow rate for CVS sampling, or their 1
Hz means to demonstrate that each flow rate was constant within 2.5% of its respective mean or target flow rate. You may use the
following options instead of recording the respective flow rate of each
type of meter:
* * * * *

0
348. Revise Sec.  1065.602 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.602  Statistics.

    (a) Overview. This section contains equations and example
calculations for statistics that are specified in this part. In this
section we use the letter ``y'' to denote a generic measured quantity,
the superscript over-bar ``-'' to denote an arithmetic mean,
and the subscript ``ref'' to denote the reference quantity
being measured.
    (b) Arithmetic mean. Calculate an arithmetic mean, y, as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.176

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.177

y = 11.20

    (c) Standard deviation. Calculate the standard deviation for a non-
biased (e.g., N-1) sample, [sigma], as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.178

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
y = 11.20

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.179

[sigma]y = 0.6619

    (d) Root mean square. Calculate a root mean square,
rmsy, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.180

Example:

N = 3
y1 = 10.60
y2 = 11.91
yN = y3 = 11.09
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.181

rmsy = 11.21

    (e) Accuracy. Determine accuracy as described in this paragraph
(e). Make multiple measurements of a standard quantity to create a set
of observed values, yi, and compare each observed value to the known
value of the standard quantity. The standard quantity may have a single
known value, such as a gas standard, or a set of known values of
negligible range, such as a known applied pressure produced by a
calibration device during repeated applications. The known value of the
standard quantity is represented by yrefi. If you use a
standard quantity with a single value, yrefi would be
constant. Calculate an accuracy value as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.182

Example:

yref = 1800.0
N = 3
y1 = 1806.4
y2 = 1803.1
y3 = 1798.9
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.183

accuracy = 2.8

    (f) t-test. Determine if your data passes a t-test by using the
following equations and tables: (1) For an unpaired t-test, calculate
the t statistic and its number of degrees of freedom, v, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.184

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.185

Example:

Yref = 1205.3
Y = 1123.8
[sigma]ref = 9.399
[sigma]y = 10.583
Nref = 11
N = 7
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.186

t = 16.63
[sigma]ref = 9.399
[sigma]y = 10.583
Nref = 11
N = 7
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.187

v = 11.76

    (2) For a paired t-test, calculate the t statistic and its number
of degrees of freedom, v, as follows, noting that the [epsi]i are the
errors (e.g., differences) between each pair of yrefi and
yi:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.188

Example 1:

[egr] = -0.12580
N = 16
[sigma][egr] = 0.04837
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.189

t = 10.403
v = N-1

Example 2:

N = 16
v = 16-1
v = 15

    (3) Use Table 1 of this section to compare t to the
tcrit values tabulated versus the number of degrees of
freedom. If t is less than tcrit, then t passes the t-test.
The Microsoft Excel software has a TINV function that returns results
equivalent results and may be used in place of Table 1, which follows:

 Table 1 of Sec.   1065.602--Critical t Values Versus Number of Degrees
                             of Freedom, v a
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    Confidence
                    v                    -------------------------------
                                                90%             95%
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.......................................           6.314          12.706
2.......................................           2.920           4.303

3.......................................           2.353           3.182
4.......................................           2.132           2.776
5.......................................           2.015           2.571
6.......................................           1.943           2.447
7.......................................           1.895           2.365
8.......................................           1.860           2.306
9.......................................           1.833           2.262
10......................................           1.812           2.228
11......................................           1.796           2.201
12......................................           1.782           2.179
13......................................           1.771           2.160
14......................................           1.761           2.145
15......................................           1.753           2.131
16......................................           1.746           2.120
18......................................           1.734           2.101
20......................................           1.725           2.086
22......................................           1.717           2.074
24......................................           1.711           2.064
26......................................           1.706           2.056
28......................................           1.701           2.048
30......................................           1.697           2.042
35......................................           1.690           2.030
40......................................           1.684           2.021
50......................................           1.676           2.009
70......................................           1.667           1.994
100.....................................           1.660           1.984
1000+...................................           1.645           1.960
------------------------------------------------------------------------
a Use linear interpolation to establish values not shown here.

    (g) F-test. Calculate the F statistic as follows:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.190

Example:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.191

F = 1.268

    (1) For a 90% confidence F-test, use the following table to compare
F to the Fcrit90 values tabulated versus (N-1) and
(Nref-1). If F is less than Fcrit90, then F
passes the F-test at 90% confidence.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.192

    (2) For a 95% confidence F-test, use the following table to compare
F to the Fcrit90 values tabulated versus (N-1) and
(Nref-1). If F is less than Fcrit95, then F
passes the F-test at 95% confidence.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.193

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C

    (h) Slope. Calculate a least-squares regression slope,
a1y, using one of the following two methods:
    (1) If the intercept floats, i.e., is not forced through zero:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.194

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
y = 1050.1
yref1 = 2045.0
yref = 1055.3
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.195

a1y = 1.0110

    (2) If the intercept is forced through zero, such as for verifying
proportional sampling:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.196

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
yref1 = 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.197

a1y = 1.0110

    (i) Intercept. For a floating intercept, calculate a least-squares
regression intercept, a0y, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.198

Example:

y = 1050.1
a1y = 1.0110
yref = 1055.3
a0y = 1050.1 - (1.0110 [middot] 1055.3)
a0y = -16.8083

    (j) Standard error of the estimate. Calculate a standard error of
the estimate, SEE, using one of the following two methods:
    (1) For a floating intercept:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.199

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a0y = -16.8083
a1y = 1.0110
yref1 = 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.200

SEEy = 5.348

    (2) If the intercept is forced through zero, such as for verifying
proportional sampling:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.201

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a1y = 1.0110
yref1 = 2045.0
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.202

SEEy = 5.347

    (k) Coefficient of determination. Calculate a coefficient of
determination, ry2, as follows:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.203

Example:

N = 6000
y1 = 2045.8
a0y = -16.8083
a1y = 1.0110
yref1 = 2045.0
y = 1480.5
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.204

    (l) Flow-weighted mean concentration. In some sections of this
part, you may need to calculate a flow-weighted mean concentration to
determine the applicability of certain provisions. A flow-weighted mean
is the mean of a quantity after it is weighted proportional to a
corresponding flow rate. For example, if a gas concentration is
measured continuously from the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow-
weighted mean concentration is the sum of the products of each recorded
concentration times its respective exhaust molar flow rate, divided by
the sum of the recorded flow rate values. As another example, the bag
concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted mean
concentration because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag
concentration. You might already expect a certain flow-weighted mean
concentration of an emission at its standard based on previous testing
with similar engines or testing with similar equipment and instruments.
If you need to estimate your expected flow-weighted mean concentration
of an emission at its standard, we recommend using the following
examples as a guide for how to estimate the flow-weighted mean
concentration expected at the standard. Note that these examples are
not exact and that they contain assumptions that are not always valid.
Use good engineering judgment to determine if you can use similar
assumptions.
    (1) To estimate the flow-weighted mean raw exhaust NOX
concentration from a turbocharged heavy-duty compression-ignition
engine at a NOX standard of 2.5 g/(kW[middot]hr), you may do
the following:
    (i) Based on your engine design, approximate a map of maximum
torque versus speed and use it with the applicable normalized duty
cycle in the standard-setting part to generate a reference duty cycle
as described in Sec.  1065.610. Calculate the total reference work,
Wref, as described in Sec.  1065.650. Divide the reference
work by the duty cycle's time interval, [Delta]tdutycycle,
to determine mean reference power, pref.
    (ii) Based on your engine design, estimate maximum power,
Pmax, the design speed at maximum power,
[fnof]nmax, the design maximum intake manifold boost
pressure, Pinmax, and temperature, Tinmax. Also,
estimate a mean fraction of power that is lost due to friction and
pumping, P. Use this information along with the engine displacement
volume, Vdisp, an approximate volumetric efficiency,
[eta]V, and the number of engine strokes per power stroke
(two-stroke or four-stroke), Nstroke, to estimate the
maximum raw exhaust molar flow rate, nexhmax.
    (iii) Use your estimated values as described in the following
example calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.205

Example:

eNOX = 2.5 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Wref = 11.883 kW[middot]hr
MNOX = 46.0055 g/mol = 46.0055[middot]10-\6\ g/[mu]mol
[Delta]tdutycycle = 20 min = 1200 s
Pref = 35.65 kW
Pfrict = 15%
Pmax = 125 kW

pmax = 300 kPa = 300000 Pa
Vdisp = 3.0 l = 0.0030 m\3\/r
fnmax = 2800 r/min = 46.67 r/s
Nstroke = 4
[eta]V = 0.9
R = 8.314472 J/(mol[middot]K)
Tmax = 348.15 K
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.206

    (2) To estimate the flow-weighted mean NMHC concentration in a CVS
from a naturally aspirated nonroad spark-ignition engine at an NMHC
standard of 0.5 g/(kW[middot]hr), you may do the following:
    (i) Based on your engine design, approximate a map of maximum
torque versus speed and use it with the applicable normalized duty
cycle in the standard-setting part to generate a reference duty cycle
as described in Sec.  1065.610. Calculate the total reference work,
Wref, as described in Sec.  1065.650.
    (ii) Multiply your CVS total molar flow rate by the time interval
of the duty cycle, [Delta]tdutycycle. The result is the
total diluted exhaust flow of the ndexh.
    (iii) Use your estimated values as described in the following
example calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.207

Example:

eNMHC = 1.5 g/(kW[middot]hr)
Wref = 5.389 kW[middot]hr
MNMHC = 13.875389 g/mol = 13.875389[middot]10-\6\ g/[mu]mol
ndexh = 6.021 mol/s
[Delta]tdutycycle = 30 min = 1800 s
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.208

XNMHC = 53.8 [micro]mol/mol

0
349. Amend Sec.  1065.610 by revising paragraphs (a)(1)(iv), (a)(2)
introductory text, and (d)(3) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.610  Duty cycle generation.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iv) Transform the map into a normalized power-versus-speed map by
dividing power terms by Pmax and dividing speed terms by
fnPmax. Use the following equation to calculate a quantity
representing the sum of squares from the normalized map:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR29JN21.209

Where:

i = an indexing variable that represents one recorded value of an
engine map.
fnnormi = an engine speed normalized by dividing it by
fnPmax.
Pnormi = an engine power normalized by dividing it by
Pmax.
* * * * *
    (2) For engines with a high-speed governor that will be subject to
a reference duty cycle that specifies normalized speeds greater than
100%, calculate an alternate maximum test speed, fntest,alt,
as specified in this paragraph (a)(2). If fntest,alt is less
than the measured maximum test speed, fntest, determined in
paragraph (a)(1) of this section, replace fntest with
fntest,alt. In this case, fntest,alt becomes the
``maximum test speed'' for that engine for all duty cycles. Note that
Sec.  1065.510 allows you to apply an optional declared maximum test
speed to the final measured maximum test speed determined as an outcome
of the comparison between fntest, and fntest,alt
in this paragraph (a)(2). Determine fntest,alt as follows:
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (3) Required deviations. We require the following deviations for
variable-speed engines intended primarily for propulsion of a vehicle
with an automatic transmission where that engine is subject to a
transient duty cycle with idle operation. These deviations are intended
to produce a more representative transient duty cycle for these
applications. For steady-state duty cycles or transient duty cycles
with no idle operation, the requirements in this paragraph (d)(3) do
not apply. Idle points for steady-state duty cycles of such engines are
to be run at conditions simulating neutral or park on the transmission.
You may develop

different procedures for adjusting CITT as a function of speed,
consistent with good engineering judgment.
* * * * *

0
350. Amend Sec.  1065.640 by revising paragraph (a), (b)(3), and (d)(1)
and (3) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.640  Flow meter calibration calculations.

* * * * *
    (a) Reference meter conversions. The calibration equations in this