[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 220 (Friday, November 14, 2014)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 68153-68172]
[FR Doc No: 2014-26661]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766; FRL-9918-40]
RIN 2070-AJ28

Tolerance Crop Grouping Program IV

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing revisions to its pesticide tolerance crop
grouping regulations, which allow the establishment of tolerances for
multiple, related crops based on data from a representative set of
crops. EPA is proposing five new crop groups, two new and two revised
commodity definitions, and revisions to the regulations on the
interaction of crop group tolerances with processed food tolerances and
meat, milk, and egg tolerances. Once final, EPA expects these revisions
to promote greater use of crop groupings for tolerance-setting
purposes, both domestically and in countries that export food to the
United States. This is the fourth in a series of planned crop group
updates expected to be proposed over the next several years.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before January 13, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by docket identification
(ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766, by one of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit
electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business
Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted
by statute.
     Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC
20460-0001.
     Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the
instructions at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
    Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along
with more information about dockets generally, is available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara Madden, Registration Division
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone
number:<PHONE_NUMBER>; email address<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Legal Authority

    EPA is initiating this rulemaking to amend the existing crop
grouping regulations under section 408(e)(1)(C) of the Federal Food,
Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), which authorizes EPA to establish
``general procedures and requirements to implement [section 408].'' 21
U.S.C. 346a(e)(1)(C). Under FFDCA section 408, EPA is authorized to
establish tolerances for pesticide chemical residues in food. EPA
establishes tolerances for each pesticide based on the potential risks
to human health posed by that pesticide. A tolerance is the maximum
permissible residue level established for a pesticide in raw
agricultural produce and processed foods. The crop group regulations
currently in Sec. Sec.  180.40 and 180.41 enable the establishment of
tolerances for a group of crops based on residue data for certain crops
that are representative of the group and have been established under
FFDCA section 408(e)(1)(C).

B. Does this action apply to me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an
agricultural producer or food manufacturer. The following list of North
American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) codes is not intended
to be exhaustive, but rather provides a guide to help readers determine
whether this document applies to them. Potentially affected entities
may include:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111).
     Animal production (NAICS code 112).
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).

C. What should I consider as I prepare my comments for EPA?

    1. Submitting CBI. Do not submit this information to EPA through

regulations.gov or email. Clearly mark the part or all of the
information that you claim to be CBI. For CBI information in a disk or
CD-ROM that you mail to EPA, mark the outside of the disk or CD-ROM as
CBI and then identify electronically within the disk or CD-ROM the
specific information that is claimed as CBI. In addition to one
complete version of the comment that includes information claimed as
CBI, a copy of the comment that does not contain the information
claimed as CBI must be submitted for inclusion in the public docket.
Information so marked will not be disclosed except in accordance with
procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2.
    2. Tips for preparing your comments. When preparing and submitting
your comments, see the commenting tips at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/comments.html.

II. Background

A. Tolerance-Setting Requirements and Petitions From the Interregional
Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) To Expand the Existing Crop Grouping
System

    EPA is authorized to establish maximum residue limits (MRLs) or
tolerances for pesticide chemical residues in or on food commodities
under FFDCA section 408 (21 U.S.C. 346a). EPA establishes pesticide
tolerances only after determining that aggregate exposure to the
pesticide is considered safe. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) enforce compliance
with tolerance limits.
    Traditionally, tolerances are established for a specific pesticide
and commodity combination. However, under EPA's crop grouping
regulations (Sec.  180.41), a single tolerance may be established that
applies to a group of related commodities. For example, Leafy Vegetable
Crop Group 4-14 is proposed to include 62 commodities, with head
lettuce, leaf lettuce, spinach, and mustard greens as the
representative crops. Crop group tolerances may be established based on
residue data from designated representative commodities within the
group. Representative commodities are selected based on EPA's
determination that they are likely to bear the maximum level of residue
that could occur on any crop within the group. Once a crop group
tolerance is established, the tolerance level applies to all
commodities within the group.
    This proposed rule is the fourth in a series of planned crop group
amendments expected to be completed over the next several years.
Specific information regarding the history of the crop group
regulations, the previous amendments to the regulations and the process
for amending crop groups can be found in the Federal Register of May
23, 2007 (Ref. 1). Specific information regarding how the Agency
implements crop group amendments can be found in Sec.  180.40(j).
    This proposal is based upon five petitions developed by the
International Crop Grouping Consulting Committee (ICGCC) workgroup and
submitted to EPA by a nation-wide cooperative project, IR-4. These
petitions and the supporting monographs are included in the docket for
this action, under docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766 at http://regulations.gov. EPA expects that a series of additional petitions
seeking amendments and changes to the crop grouping regulations (Sec.
180.41) will originate from the ICGCC workgroup over the next several
years.
    EPA believes that this proposal is a burden-reducing regulation. It
will provide for greater sharing of data by permitting the results from
a magnitude of residue field trial studies in one crop to be applied to
other, similar crops. The primary beneficiaries are minor crop
producers and consumers. Minor crop producers will benefit because
lower registration costs will encourage more products to be registered
on minor crops, providing additional tools for pest control. Consumers
are expected to benefit by having more affordable and abundant food
products available. Secondary beneficiaries include pesticide
registrants, as expanded markets for pesticide products will lead to
increased sales.
    EPA believes that data from representative crops will not
underestimate the public exposure to pesticide residues through the
consumption of treated crops. IR-4, which is publicly funded, will also
more efficiently use resources as a result of this rule. Revisions to
the crop grouping scheme will result in no appreciable costs or
negative impacts to consumers, minor crop producers, pesticide
registrants, the environment, or human health.

B. International Considerations

    1. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) partner involvement
in proposal. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs' Chemistry Science
Advisory Council (ChemSAC), an internal Agency peer review committee,
provided a detailed analysis for each proposed crop group to Canada's
Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), IR-4, and the government of
Mexico for their review and comment, and invited these parties to
participate in the ChemSAC meeting to finalize the recommendations for
each petition.
    PMRA has indicated that it will, in parallel with the United States
effort and under the authority of Canada's Pest Control Products (PCP)
Act (2002), establish equivalent crop groups. Additionally, once the
new crop groups become effective in the United States, Mexico will have
them as a reference for the establishment of maximum residue limits in
Mexico.
    2. Relationship of proposal to Codex activities. The United States
and Canadian Delegations to the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues
(CCPR) have an ongoing effort to harmonize the NAFTA crop groups and
representative commodities with those being developed by Codex, an
international commission created to develop international food
standards, guidelines and related texts, as part of their revision of
the Codex Classification of Foods and Feeds. Canada and the United
States are working closely with the Chairs of the Codex group for this
project (The Netherlands and the United States) to coordinate the U.S.
crop group amendments with the efforts to amend the Codex crop groups.
The goals of coordinating these NAFTA activities with Codex activities
are to minimize differences within and among the Unites States and
Codex groups and to develop representative commodities for each group
that will be acceptable on an international basis. These efforts could
lead to the increased harmonization of tolerances and MRL
recommendations.

C. Scheme for Organization of Revised and Pre-Existing Crop Groups

    EPA has amended the generic crop group regulations to include an
explicit scheme for how revised crop groups will be organized in the
regulations.
    In brief, the regulations now specify that when a crop group is
amended in a manner that expands or contracts its coverage of
commodities, EPA will retain the pre-existing crop group in Sec.
180.41; insert the new, related crop group immediately after the pre-
existing crop group in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR); and title
the new, related crop group in a way that clearly differentiates it
from the pre-existing crop group. The new, related crop group will
retain roughly the same name and number as the pre-existing group
except that the number will be followed by a hyphen and the final two
digits of the year it is established. For example, EPA is proposing to
revise Crop Group 5:

Brassica Leafy Vegetables. The revised group is proposed be titled Crop
Group 5-14: Head and Stem Brassica Vegetable. Although EPA will
initially retain pre-existing crop groups that have been superseded by
new crop groups, EPA will not establish new tolerances under the pre-
existing groups. Further, EPA plans to eventually convert tolerances
for any pre-existing crop groups to tolerances with the coverage of the
new crop group. This conversion will be effected both through the
registration review process and in the course of establishing new
tolerances for a pesticide. To this end, EPA requests that petitioners
for tolerances address this issue in their petitions.

III. Specific Proposed Revisions

    This unit explains the proposed amendments to the crop group
regulations.

A. Crop Group 4-14: Leafy Vegetable Group

    EPA is proposing to expand Leafy Vegetable, except Brassica Crop
Group 4 to both add and remove commodities and to restructure the
group. EPA proposes to name the new crop group the Leafy Vegetable Crop
Group 4-14.
    1. Add new commodities. In creating new Crop Group 4-14, EPA
proposes to include most, but not all, commodities currently in Crop
Group 4 and to add the following 41 commodities currently not in Crop
Group 4: Aster, Indian, Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch. Bip.; Blackjack,
Bidens pilosa L.; broccoli raab, Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey; broccoli,
Chinese, Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L.H. Bailey) Musil;
cabbage, abyssinian, Brassica carinata A. Braun; cabbage, seakale,
Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC.; Cat's whiskers, Cleome gynandra
L.; Cham-chwi, Doellingeria scabra (Thunb.) Nees; Cham-na-mul,
Pimpinella calycina Maxim; Chinese cabbage, bok choy, Brassica rapa
subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt; Chipilin, Crotalaria longirostrata Hook &
Arn; cilantro, fresh leaves, Coriandrum sativum L.; collards, Brassica
oleracea var. Viridis L.; Cosmos, Cosmos caudatus Kunth; Dang-gwi,
Angelica gigas; dillweed, Anethum graveolens L.; Dol-nam-mul, Sedum
sarmentosum Bunge; Ebolo, Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.
Moore; escarole, Cichorium endive L. subsp. endiva; Fameflower, Talinum
fruticosum (L.) Juss.; Feather cockscomb, Glinus oppositifolius (L.)
Aug. DC.; Good King Henry, Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.; Hanover
salad, Brassica napus var. Pabularia (DC.) Rchb.; Huauzontle,
Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.; jute, leaves, Corchorus spp.; kale,
Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L;lettuce, bitter, Launaea cornuta
(Hochst. ex Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey; Maca, Lepidium meyenii Walp.;
Mizuna, Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt;
mustard greens, Brassica juncea subsp., including Brassica juncea (L.)
Czern. subsp. integrifolia (H. West) Thell., Brassica juncea (L.)
Czern. var. tsatsai (T. L. Mao) Gladis; primrose, English, Primula
vulgaris Huds.; radish, leaves, Raphanus sativus L. var sativus,
including Raphanus sativus L. var. mougri H. W. J. Helm and Raphanus
sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers; rape greens, Brassica napus L. var.
napus, including Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt,
Brassica rapa subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt, and Brassica rapa subsp.
oleifera Met; Rocket, wild, Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.; Shepherd's
purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik; spinach, malabar, Basella
alba L.; spinach, tanier, Xanthosoma brasiliense (Desf.) Engl.; turnip
greens, Brassica rapa L. subsp. Rapa; Violet, Chinese, Asystasia
gangetica (L.) T. Anderson; and watercress, Nasturtium officinale W. T.
Aiton. Also included are cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these
commodities.
    Included in this list of commodities are seven brassica leafy
vegetables currently in Crop Group 5: Broccoli raab, Chinese cabbage
(bok choy), collards, kale, mizuna, mustard greens, and rape greens.
These seven commodities represent all current members of Crop subgroup
5B, with the exception of mustard spinach. Mustard spinach has not been
proposed for inclusion in Crop Group 4-14 because it is one of several
common names for mustard greens, which is already proposed for
inclusion in Crop Group 4-14. EPA is proposing a corresponding change
to Crop Group 5, which will be incorporated in the proposed new Crop
Group 5-14.
    The 41 new commodities proposed for Crop Group 4-14 were chosen
based on similarities between the existing and additional commodities
in plant morphology; cultural practices, including that all commodities
are row crops; pest problems; edible food portions and lack of animal
feed portions; potential exposures to residues resulting from
application of specific pesticides; geographical locations; processing;
and established tolerances. In particular, the brassica leafy
vegetables are proposed to be moved from Crop Group 5 to revised Crop
Group 4-14 because leafy brassica leafy vegetables are similar in
growth pattern, leaf exposure and pesticide residues to the other leafy
vegetables in Crop Group 4-14, and dissimilar from the crops in Crop
Group 5, which are grown and consumed for their stem or bulb. Moreover,
the leaf morphology of the moved crops leads to residues that can be
higher than in broccoli and cabbage, Crop Group 5's representative
commodities.
    Cardoon, celery, Chinese celery, celtuce, Florence fennel, and
rhubarb, which are currently included in Crop Group 4, are not proposed
for Crop Group 4-14 but rather new Crop Group 22 Stalk, Stem and Leaf
Petiole. The plant morphology of these six crops is more similar to
crops grown and consumed for their stalk, stem, and leaf petiole,
rather than for their leaves alone as are the crops in Crop Group 4-14.
Edible-leaved chrysanthemum, which is also in Crop Group 4, has not
been proposed for inclusion in Crop Group 4-14 because it is another
common name for chrysanthemum garland, which is already included in
Crop Group 4 and is proposed for inclusion in Crop Group 4-14.
    2. Representative commodities for new crop group. The
representative commodities in Crop Group 4 are celery, head lettuce,
leaf lettuce, and spinach. EPA proposes the following representative
commodities for Crop Group 4-14: Head lettuce, leaf lettuce, spinach,
and mustard greens. Generally, the selection of representative
commodities is based on a representative commodity that is most likely
to: Contain the highest residues (whether raw or processed); be major
in terms of production and consumption; and be similar in morphology,
growth habit, pest problems and edible portion, and subject to similar
processing as the related commodities within a group or subgroup. The
representative commodities proposed for Crop Group 4-14 represent over
93% of the total leafy vegetable harvested acres reported by USDA's
Census of Agriculture and are the highest consumed commodities on a per
capita basis in the group; therefore, these commodities were chosen to
represent Crop Group 4-14. Inclusion of brassica leafy vegetables in a
separate subgroup is desirable because of potentially different actions
of herbicides on leafy Brassica vegetables, verses other leafy, non-
brassica crops.
    3. New subgroups. The existing Crop Group 4 subgroups are Leafy
greens, subgroup 4A, and Leaf petioles, subgroup 4B. In light of the
significant differences between existing Crop Group 4 and proposed Crop
Group 4-14, EPA is proposing the following subgroups for Crop Group 4-
14:
    i. Leafy greens subgroup 4-14A. (Representative commodities-Head

lettuce, Leaf lettuce, and Spinach). EPA proposes that subgroup 4-14A
include the following 27 commodities in addition to the 20 commodities
that currently are included in subgroup 4A: Amaranth, Chinese;
Amaranth, leafy; Aster, Indian; Blackjack; Cat's whiskers; Cham-chwi;
Cham-na-mul; Chipilin; cilantro, fresh leaves; Cosmos; Dang-gwi;
dillweed; Dol-nam-mul; Ebolo; escarole; Fameflower; Feather cockscomb;
Good King Henry; Huauzontle; jute, leaves; lettuce, bitter; plantain,
buckthorn; Primrose, English; spinach, malabar; spinach, tanier; Swiss
chard; and Violet, Chinese. Also included are cultivars, varieties, and
hybrids of these commodities.
    Swiss chard is proposed for inclusion in subgroup 4-14A because
both the leaves and petioles are consumed and the leaves constitute a
major portion of the plant, whereas that is not the case for the
brassica leafy greens in subgroup 4-14B. Arugula, upland cress, and
garden cress are currently members of Crop subgroup 4A; however, these
commodities are members of the Brassicaceae family and are therefore
proposed for inclusion in subgroup 4-14B, because of their similarities
to the other commodities proposed in that subgroup.
    Leafy greens subgroup 4-14A is proposed to have head lettuce, leaf
lettuce, and spinach as the representative commodities, which are the
same as the current Leafy Greens subgroup 4A.
    ii. Brassica leafy greens subgroup 4-14B. (Representative
commodity-Mustard greens). As previously discussed, EPA is proposing to
add eight brassica leafy vegetables currently in Crop Group 5 (those
included in Crop subgroup 5B, except mustard spinach) to Crop Group 4-
14. EPA is also proposing to create a subgroup in new Crop Group 4-14
for these commodities and 12 other similar commodities. This new
subgroup 4-14B is proposed to include the following 20 commodities:
Arugula; broccoli raab; broccoli, Chinese; cabbage, abyssinian;
cabbage, seakale; Chinese cabbage, bok choy; collards; cress, garden;
cress, upland; Hanover salad; kale; Maca; Mizuna; mustard greens;
radish, leaves; rape greens; Rocket, wild; Shepherd's purse; turnip
greens; and watercress. Also included are cultivars, varieties, and
hybrids of these commodities.
    Arugula, upland cress, and garden cress are proposed for inclusion
in new subgroup 4-14B because these commodities are members of the
Brassicaceae family. Inclusion of brassica leafy vegetables in a
separate subgroup is desirable because of potentially different actions
of herbicides on leafy brassica vegetables, versus other leafy (non-
brassica) crops.
    EPA proposes these additional commodities in Crop subgroups 4-14A
and 4-14B because of the similarities in cultural practices, potential
residue exposures, dietary consumption importance, and the lack of
animal feed items. A comparison of existing tolerances supports the
proposed subgroups and representative commodities for Crop Group 4-14.
    EPA is not proposing to carry Leaf petiole subgroup 4B over to Crop
Group 4-14 because, as previously discussed, most of the crops in that
group are being proposed for inclusion in the new proposed Stalk, Stem,
and Leaf Petiole Crop Group 22.

B. Crop Group 5-14: Head and Stem Brassica Vegetable Group

    EPA is proposing to amend Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables Crop
Group 5, to remove commodities and to restructure the group. EPA
proposes to name the new crop group the Brassica Head and Stem
Vegetable Crop Group 5-14.
    1. Commodities not included. EPA proposes to not include eight
commodities currently in Crop Group 5 (Chinese broccoli (gai lon);
broccoli raab (rapini); cabbage, Chinese (bok choy); collards; kale;
mizuna; mustard greens; and rape greens) in Crop Group 5-14 because, as
previously discussed, the commodities are being included in Crop Group
4-14. EPA also proposes to not include one other commodity currently in
Crop Group 5 (kohlrabi) in Crop Group 5-14. Kohlrabi is proposed to be
included in the proposed new Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole Crop Group
22, as the kohlrabi's exposed, enlarged, and bulb-like stem can have
higher pesticide residues than the proposed representative commodities
(broccoli or cabbage) for new Crop Group 5-14.
    Two other commodity terms are not being carried over from Crop
Group 5 to new Crop Group 5-14. First, Chinese mustard cabbage is not a
distinct crop, but rather a common name that refers to various leafy
non-heading Brassica greens. The brassica leafy greens have been
proposed for new Crop Group 4-14. The term Chinese mustard cabbage is
also not proposed for new Crop Group 5-14 because of its non-
distinctive nature. Second, cavalo broccoli is the same species as
cauliflower, and the name was used to refer to various types of
broccoli or cauliflower in the past. It is not proposed for inclusion
in new Crop Group 5-14 because of redundancy.
    Thus, EPA is proposing that new Crop Group 5-14 contain the
following commodities: Broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica
Plenck; brussels sprouts, Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera (DC.)
Zenker; cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.; cabbage,
Chinese, napa, Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt; and
cauliflower, Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L. Also included are
cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
    The commodities proposed for inclusion in new Crop Group 5-14 were
chosen based on similarities in plant morphology; cultural practices,
including that all are row crops; pest problems; edible food and animal
feed portions; residue levels; geographical locations; processing; and
established tolerances on these commodities. The commodities chosen for
this crop group also further the goal of international harmonization of
tolerances and other MRLs, through coordinating the U.S. crop group
amendments with efforts to amend the Codex crop groups.
    2. Representative commodities. The representative commodities in
Crop Group 5 are broccoli or cauliflower, cabbage, and mustard greens.
EPA proposes the following representative commodities for new Crop
Group 5-14: Broccoli or cauliflower, and cabbage. These commodities are
the same representative commodities as in Crop Group 5, except for
mustard greens. EPA proposes to move those commodities currently
represented by mustard greens to new Crop Group 4-14; therefore,
mustard greens is not proposed as a representative commodity for new
Crop Group 5-14. All other representative commodities are the same as
those currently representing Crop Group 5, and are proposed to
represent new Crop Group 5-14 group members because the proposed
representative commodities are the most likely to: Contain the highest
residues (whether raw or processed); be major in terms of production
and consumption; and be similar in morphology, growth habit, pest
problems and edible portion, and subject to similar processing as the
related commodities within a group or subgroup. These representative
commodities account for >99% of the harvested acres for the members of
this amended crop group, and are the most widely grown Brassica head
and stem commodities in the United States, with the largest acreages
and geographical distribution. The representative commodities are based
on similarities in its vegetable structures, exposure to residues, and
cultural practices and geographical locations, as well as their high
production (both acres and yield) and consumption. A comparison of

established tolerances on Crop subgroup 5A also supports that residue
levels will be similar between members of the crop group.
    3. No subgroups in new Crop Group 5-14. EPA proposes to not include
subgroups in new Crop Group 5-14 given the small number of commodities.

C. Crop Group 22: Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole Group

    EPA is proposing to establish a new crop group, entitled Stalk,
Stem, and Leaf Petiole Crop Group 22.
    1. Commodities. EPA proposes to include the following 19
commodities in Crop Group 22: Agave, Agave spp.; aloe vera, Aloe vera
(L.) Burm. f.; asparagus, Asparagus officinalis L; bamboo shoots,
Arundinaria spp.; Bambusa spp., Chimonobambusa spp.; Dendrocalamus
spp., Fargesia spp.; Gigantochloa spp., Nastus elatus; Phyllostachys
spp.; Thyrsostachys spp.; cardoon, Cynara cardunculus L.; celery, Apium
graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.; celery, Chinese, Apium graveolens
L. var. secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.; Celtuce, Lactuca sativa var.
angustana L.H. Bailey; fennel, Florence, fresh leaves and stalk,
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.;
fern, edible, fiddlehead; Fuki, Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.)
Maxim.; kale, sea, Crambe maritima L.; Kohlrabi, Brassica oleracea
L.var gongylodes L.; palm hearts, various species; Prickly pear, pads,
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Opuntia spp.; Prickly pear, Texas,
pads, Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri
(Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkav; rhubarb, Rheum x hybridum Murray;
Udo, Aralia cordata Thunb.; and Zuiki, Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook.
f. Also included are cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these
commodities.
    The 19 members of the new proposed Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole
Crop Group 22 are proposed based on similarities of the morphology of
the stalk, stem, and leaf petiole vegetables; the cultural practices;
the edible food and livestock feed portions; the plant exposure to
pesticide residue levels; the geographical locations; the manner of
processing; the food uses; and the established tolerances for the
commodities. Additionally, the proposal of a separate new Stalk, Stem
and Leaf Petioles Crop Group 22 will be similar to the Codex stalk and
stem group.
    As previously discussed, the new Crop Group 22 is proposed to
include certain commodities currently in Crop Group 4, Leafy Vegetable,
except Brassica (those in subgroup 4B, with the exception of Swiss
chard). Additionally, kohlrabi, which is currently a member of Crop
Group 5, Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables Crop is proposed to be
included in Crop Group 22. The reasons for these two proposed changes
are discussed in Units III A.2. and III B.2.
    2. Representative commodities. EPA proposes two representative
commodities for new Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole Crop Group 22:
Asparagus and Celery.
    The proposed representative commodities, asparagus and celery, were
chosen because they account for >98% of the harvested acres and
production for the proposed members of this group. They are the two
most widely grown stalk, stem, and leaf petiole crops in the United
States, with both the largest acreages and geographical distribution.
The selection of representative commodities is based on a
representative commodity that is most likely to: Contain the highest
residues (whether raw or processed); be major in terms of production
and consumption; and be similar in morphology, growth habit, pest
problems and edible portion, and subject to similar processing as the
related commodities within a group or subgroup.
    3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes new Stalk, Stem, and Leaf Petiole
Crop Group 22 to have two crop subgroups:
    i. Stalk and stem vegetable subgroup 22A. (Representative
commodity--Asparagus). Twelve commodities are proposed for this
subgroup: Agave; aloe vera; asparagus; bamboo shoots; Celtuce; fennel,
Florence, fresh leaves and stalk; fern, edible; kale, sea; Kohlrabi;
palm hearts; Prickly pear, pads; and Prickly pear, Texas, pads. Also
included are cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
    ii. Leaf petiole vegetable subgroup 22B. (Representative
commodity--Celery). Seven commodities are proposed for subgroup:
Cardoon; celery; celery, Chinese; Fuki; rhubarb; Udo; and Zuiki. Also
included are cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
    Comparisons of established tolerances on the commodities proposed
for new Stalk and stem vegetable subgroup 22A and new Leaf petiole
vegetable subgroup 22B support that residue levels will be similar
between members of the crop group. Comparison of tolerances for the
individual members of each subgroup also supports that these two
representative commodities will support the crop subgroups.
    4. Commodity definitions. In conjunction with new Crop Group 22,
EPA proposes two new commodity definitions for fern, edible and palm
hearts to be added to Sec.  180.1(g), as specified in the proposed
regulatory text. These commodity definitions are being proposed in
order to easily distinguish and define the various varieties of edible
ferns and palm hearts, respectively.

D. Crop Group 23: Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel Group

    EPA is proposing to establish a new crop group, entitled Tropical
and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel, Crop Group 23.
    1. Commodities. EPA proposes to include the following 108
commodities in new Group 23: A[ccedil]a[iacute], Euterpe oleracea
Mart.; Acerola, Malpighia emarginata DC.; African plum, Vitex doniana
Sweet; Agritos, Berberis trifoliolata Moric.; Almondette, Buchanania
lanzan Spreng.; Ambarella, Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson; Apak
palm, Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart.; Appleberry, Billardiera scandens
Sm.; Araz[aacute], Eugenia stipitata McVaugh; Arbutus berry, Arbutus
unedo L.; Babaco, Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M. Badillo) V. M.
Badillo; Bacaba palm, Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.; Bacaba-de-leque,
Oenocarpus distichus Mart.; Bayberry, Red, Morella rubra Lour.; Bignay,
Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.; Bilimbi, Averrhoa bilimbi L.;
Boroj[oacute], Borojoa patinoi Cuatrec.; Breadnut, Brosimum alicastrum
Sw.; Cabeluda, Plinia glomerata (O. Berg) Amshoff; Cajou, fruit,
Anacardium giganteum Hance ex Engl.; Cambuc[aacute], Marlierea edulis
Nied.; Carandas-plum, Carissa edulis Vahl; Carob, Ceratonia siliqua L.;
Cashew apple, Anacardium occidentale L.; Ceylon iron wood, Manilkara
hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard; Ceylon olive, Elaeocarpus serratus L.; Cherry-
of-the-Rio-Grande, Eugenia aggregata (Vell.) Kiaersk.; Chinese olive,
black, Canarium tramdenum C. D. Dai & Yakovlev; Chinese olive, white,
Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch.; Chirauli-nut, Buchanania latifolia
Roxb.; Ciruela verde, Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC.; Cocoplum,
Chrysobalanus icaco L.; date, Phoenix dactylifera L.; Davidson's plum,
Davidsonia pruriens F. Muell.; Desert-date, Balanites aegyptiacus (L.)
Delile; Doum palm coconut, Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart.; False
sandalwood, Ximenia americana L.; Feijoa, Acca sellowiana (O. Berg)
Burret; fig, Ficus carica L.; Fragrant manjack, Cordia dichotoma G.
Forst.; Gooseberry, abyssinian, Dovyalis abyssinica (A. Rich.) Warb.;
Gooseberry, Ceylon, Dovyalis hebecarpa (Gardner) Warb.; Gooseberry,
Indian, Phyllanthus emblica L.; Gooseberry, otaheite, Phyllanthus
acidus (L.) Skeels; Governor's plum, Flacourtia indica

(Burm. F.) Merr.; Grumichama, Eugenia brasiliensis Lam; Guabiroba,
Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg; Guava, Psidium guajava L.; Guava
berry, Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex Willd.) O. Berg; Guava,
Brazilian, Psidium guineense Sw.; Guava, cattley, Psidium cattleianum
Sabine; Guava, Costa Rican, Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg)
Nied.; Guava, para, Psidium acutangulum DC.; Guava, purple strawberry,
Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum; Guava, strawberry, Psidium
cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg; Guava, yellow
strawberry, Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum forma lucidum
O. Deg.; Guayabillo, Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg) Nied.; Illawarra
plum, Podocarpus elatus R. Br. Ex Endl.; Imb[eacute], Garcinia
livingstonei T. Anderson; Imbu, Spondias tuberosa Arruda ex Kost.;
Indian-plum, Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) basionym); Jaboticaba,
Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg; Jamaica-cherry, Muntingia
calabura L.; Jambolan, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels; Jelly palm, Butia
capitata (Mart.) Becc.; Jujube, Indian, Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.;
Kaffir-plum, Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. Ex C. Krauss; Kakadu plum,
Terminalia latipes Benth. subsp. psilocarpa Pedley; Kapundung,
Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Mull. Arg.; Karanda, Carissa carandas L.;
Kwai muk, Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance ex Benth.; Lemon aspen,
Acronychia acidula F. Muell; Mangaba, Hancornia speciosa Gomes; Marian
plum, Bouea macrophylla Griff.; Mombin, malayan, Spondias pinnata (J.
Koenig ex L. f.) Kurz; Mombin, purple, Spondias purpurea L.; Mombin,
yellow, Spondias mombin L.; Monkeyfruit, Artocarpus lacucha Buch.-Ham.;
Monos plum, Pseudanamomis umbellulifera (Kunth) Kausel; Mountain
cherry, Bunchosia cornifolia Kunth; Nance, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.)
Kunth; Natal plum, Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC; Noni, Morinda
citrifolia L.; Olive, Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea; papaya,
mountain, Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC.; Patau[aacute], Oenocarpus
bataua Mart.; Peach palm, fruit, Bactris gasipaes Kunth var. gasipaes;
persimmon, black, Diospyros texana Scheele; persimmon, Japanese,
Diospyros kaki Thunb.; Pitomba, Eugenia luschnathiana Klotzsch ex O.
Berg; Plum-of-Martinique, Flacourtia inermis Roxb.; Pomerac, Syzygium
malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry; Rambai, Baccaurea motleyana (Mull.
Arg.) Mull. Arg.; Rose apple, Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston; Rukam,
Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritizi; Rumberry, Myrciaria dubia (Kunth)
McVaugh, (Myrtaceae); Sea grape, Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.; Sentul,
Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. F.) Merr.; Sete-capotes, Campomanesia
guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg; Silver aspen, Acronychia wilcoxian,
(F. Muell.) T.G. Hartley; Starfruit, Averrhoa carambola L; Surinam
cherry, Eugenia uniflora L.; Tamarind, Tamarindus indica L.; Uvalha,
Eugenia pyriformis Cambess; Water apple, Syzygium aqueum (Burm. F.)
Alston; Water pear, Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC.; Water berry,
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. Ex C. Krauss; and Wax jambu, Syzygium
samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry. Also included are cultivars,
varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
    The commodities proposed for new Crop Group 23 are based on
similarities in fruit size; peel (edible for all commodities); cultural
practices; geographical distribution; lack of animal feed items;
tolerance levels of established tolerances; and pest problems. The
commodities chosen also further the goal of international harmonization
of tolerances and MRLs, through coordinating the U.S. crop group
amendments with efforts to amend the Codex crop groups.
    2. Representative commodities. EPA proposes four representative
commodities for Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel, Crop Group
23: Olive, Fig, Guava, and Date.
    The proposed representative commodities were chosen because they
account for >95% of the harvested U.S. acres for the members of the
proposed Crop Group 23. The selection of representative commodities is
based on a representative commodity that is most likely to: Contain the
highest residues (whether raw or processed); be major in terms of
production and consumption; and be similar in morphology, growth habit,
pest problems and edible portion, and subject to similar processing as
the related commodities within a group or subgroup. Comparison of the
tolerances established for the representative commodities support that
residue levels will adequately cover the wide number of commodities.
    3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes to create three crop subgroups for
Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel Crop Group 23:
    i. Small fruit, edible peel subgroup 23A. (Representative
commodity--Olive). EPA is proposing 56 commodities for new subgroup
23A: Acerola; African plum; Agritos; Almondette; Appleberry; Arbutus
berry; Bayberry, red; Bignay; Breadnut; Cabeluda; Carandas-plum; Ceylon
iron wood; Ceylon olive; Cherry-of-the-Rio-Grande; Chinese olive,
black; Chinese olive, white; Chirauli-nut; Cocoplum; Desert-date; False
sandalwood; Fragant manjack; gooseberry, abyssinian; gooseberry,
Ceylon; gooseberry, otaheite; Governor's plum; Grumichama; Guabiroba;
guava berry; guava, Brazilian; guava, Costa Rican; Guayabillo;
Illawarra plum; Indian-plum; Jamaica-cherry; Jambolan; Kaffir-plum;
Kakadu plum; Kapundung; Karnada; Lemon aspen; Mombin, yellow; Monos
plum; Mountain cherry; olive; persimmon, black; Pitomba; Plum-of-
Martinique; Rukam; Rumberry; Sea grape; Sete-capotes; Silver aspen;
Water apple; Water pear; Water berry; and Wax jambu. Also included are
cultivars, varieties and hybrids of these commodities.
    ii. Medium to large fruit, edible peel subgroup 23B.
(Representative commodities--Fig and Guava). EPA is proposing 43
commodities for new subgroup 23B: Ambarella; Araz[aacute]; Babaco;
Bilimbi; Boroj[oacute]; Cajou, fruit; Cambuc[aacute]; Carob; Cashew
apple; Ciruela verde; Davidson's plum; Feijoa; Fig; gooseberry, Indian;
guava; guava, cattley; guava, para; guava, purple strawberry; guava,
strawberry; guava, yellow strawberry; Imb[eacute]; Imbu; Jaboticaba;
Jujube, Indian; Kwai muk; Mangaba; Marian plum; Mombin, malayan;
Mombin, purple; Monkeyfruit; Nance; Natal plum; Noni; papaya, mountain;
persimmon, Japanese; Pomerac; Rambai; Rose apple; Sentul; starfruit;
Surinam cherry; Tamarind; and Uvalha. Also included are cultivars,
varieties and hybrids of these commodities.
    iii. Palm fruit, edible peel subgroup 23C. (Representative
commodity--Date). EPA is proposing nine commodities for new subgroup
23C: A[ccedil]a[iacute]; Apak palm; Bacaba palm; Bacaba-de-leque; date;
Doum palm coconut; Jelly palm; Patau[aacute]; and Peach palm, fruit.
Also included are cultivars, varieties and hybrids of these
commodities.
    The creation of these subgroups and the choice of representative
commodity designations are based on sorting commodities into fruit
size, small versus medium to large fruit, based on the surface area to
mass (volume) ratio, with the addition of a palm subgroup in order to
determine the proposed subgrouping scheme. Small fruit were
distinguished from medium and large fruit depending on whether the
fruit's surface area to mass (volume) ratio was greater or less than
1.5:1. Palm commodities are proposed to be classified in a separate
subgroup based on the botanical similarity of trees in the family
Arecaceae (alt. Palmae). Palm fruit is produced in clusters that are
partially exposed to the elements, and fruit is

located considerably higher on palm trees than other tropical and
subtropical fruits; therefore, similar use patterns of pesticide
applications are expected to occur and similar residue patterns can be
expected within the palm group. EPA has determined that residue data on
the designated representative crops will provide adequate information
on residue levels in crops and subgroups.

E. Crop Group 24: Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel Group

    EPA is proposing to establish a new crop group entitled Tropical
and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel, Crop Group 24:
    1. Commodities. EPA proposes to include the following 104
commodities in new Crop Group 24: Abiu, Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.)
Radlk; Aisen, Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.; Akee apple, Blighia
sapida K.D. Koenig; Atemoya, Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa L.;
avocado, Persea americana Mill.; avocado, Guatemalan, Persea americana
Mill. var. guatemalensis; avocado, Mexican, Persea americana Mill. var.
drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blak; avocado, West Indian, Persea
americana var. americana; Bacury, Platonia insignis Mart.; Bael fruit,
Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr[ecirc]a; banana, Musa spp. and hybrids;
banana, dwarf, Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata Colla; Binjai, Mangifera
caesia Jack; Biriba, Annona mucosa Jacq.; Breadfruit, Artocarpus
altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg; Burmese grape, Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.;
Canistel, Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni; Cat's-eyes, Dimocarpus
longan Lour. subsp. malesianus Leenh.; Champedak, Artocarpus integer
(Thunb.) Merr.; Cherimoya, Annona cherimola Mill.; Cupuac[uacute],
Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.; Custard apple,
Annona reticulata L.; Dragon fruit, Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton &
Rose; Durian, Durio zibethinus L.; Elephant-apple, Limonia acidissima
L.; Etambe, Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.; Granadilla,
Passiflora ligularis Juss.; Granadilla, giant, Passiflora
quadrangularis L.; Ilama, Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.;
Ing[aacute], Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn.;
Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.; Jatob[aacute], Hymenaea
courbaril L.; Karuka, Pandanus julianettii Martelli; Kei apple,
Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.) Warb.; Langsat, Lansium domesticum
Corr[ecirc]a; Lanjut, Mangifera lagenifera Griff.; Longan, Dimocarpus
longan Lour.; Lucuma, Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze; Lychee,
Litchi chinensis Sonn.; Mabolo, Diospyros blancoi A. DC.; Madras-thorn,
Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.; Mammy-apple, Mammea americana L.;
Manduro, Balanites maughamii Sprague; mango, Mangifera indica L.;
mango, horse, Mangifera foetida Lour.; mango, Saipan, Mangifera odorata
Griff.; Mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana L.; Marang, Artocarpus
odoratissimus Blanco; Marmaladebox, Genipa americana L.; Matisia,
Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl.; Mesquite, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.;
Mongongo, fruit, Schinziophyton rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm; Monkey-
bread-tree, Adansonia digitata L.; Monstera, Monstera deliciosa Liebm.;
Nicobar-breadfruit, Pandanus leram Jones ex Fontana; Paho, Mangifera
altissima Blanco; Pandanus, Pandanus utilis Bory; papaya, Carica papaya
L.; passionflower, winged-stem, Passiflora alata Curtis; passionfruit,
Passiflora edulis Sims; passionfruit, banana, Passiflora tripartita
var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P. Jorg.; passionfruit, purple,
Passiflora edulis Sims forma edulis; passionfruit, yellow, Passiflora
edulis Sims forma flavicarpa O. Deg.; Pawpaw, common, Asimina triloba
(L.) Dunal; Pawpaw, small-flower, Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal;
Pelipisan, Mangifera casturi Kosterm.; Pequi, Caryocar brasiliense
Cambess; Pequia, Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.; persimmon, American,
Diospyros virginiana L.; pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.;
Pitahaya, Hylocereus polyrhizus (F. A. C. Weber) Britton & Rose;
Pitaya, Hylocereus spp. including H. megalanthus, H. ocamponis and H.
polychizus; Pitaya amarilla, Hylocereus triangularis Britton & Rose;
Pitaya roja, Hylocereus ocamponis (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose; Pitaya,
yellow, Hylocereus megalanthus (K. Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer;
plantain, Musa paradisiaca L.; pomegranate, Punica granatum L.; Poshte,
Annona liebmanniana Baill.; Prickly pear, fruit, Opuntia ficus-indica
(L.) Mill., Opuntia spp.; Prickly pear, Texas, fruit, Opuntia
engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D.
Parfitt & Pinkava; Pulasan, Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.;
Quandong, Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.; Rambutan, Nephelium
lappaceum L.; Saguaro, Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose;
Sapodilla, Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen; Sapote, black, Diospyros
digyna Jacq.; Sapote, green, Pouteria viridis (Pittier) Cronquist;
Sapote, mamey, Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn; Sapote,
white, Casimiroa edulis La Llave & Lex; Sataw, Parkia speciosa Hassk.;
Satinleaf, Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.; Screw-pine, Pandanus tectorius
Parkinson; Sierra Leone-tamarind, Dialium guineense Willd.; Soncoya,
Annona purpurea Moc. & Sess[eacute] ex Dunal; Soursop, Annona muricata
L.; Spanish lime, Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.; Star apple, Chrysophyllum
cainito L.; Sugar apple, Annona squamosa L.; Sun Sapote, Licania
platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch; Tamarind-of-the-Indies, Vangueria
madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.; Velvet Tamarind, Dialium indum L.; Wampi,
Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels; White star apple, Chrysophyllum
albidum G. Don; and Wild loquat, Uapaca kirkiana M[uuml]ll. Arg. Also
included are cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
    2. Representative commodities. EPA proposes the following
commodities as representatives for new Tropical and Subtropical Fruit,
Inedible Peel, Crop Group 24: Atemoya or Sugar apple; avocado;
pomegranate or banana; Dragon fruit; Prickly pear, fruit; lychee;
passionfruit; and pineapple.
    These representative commodities will account for approximately 99%
of the harvested U.S. acres for the members of the new crop group. The
selection of representative commodities is based on a representative
commodity that is most likely to: Contain the highest residues (whether
raw or processed); be major in terms of production and consumption; and
be similar in morphology, growth habit, pest problems and edible
portion, and subject to similar processing as the related commodities
within a group or subgroup. Comparison of the tolerances established
for the representative commodities support that residue levels will
adequately cover the wide number of commodities.
    3. Crop subgroups. EPA proposes five crop subgroups for new
Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel, Crop Group 24:
    i. Small fruit, inedible peel subgroup 24A. (Representative
commodity--Lychee). EPA is proposing 18 commodities in new subgroup
24A: Aisen; Bael fruit; Burmese grape; Cat's eyes; Ing[aacute]; lychee;
Madras-thorn; Manduro; Matisia; Mesquite; Mongongo, fruit; Pawpaw,
small-flower; Satinleaf; Sierra Leone-tamarind; Spanish lime; Velvet
tamarind; Wampi; and White star apple. Also included are cultivars,
varieties and hybrids of these commodities.
    ii. Medium to large fruit, smooth, inedible peel subgroup 24B.
(Representative commodities--Avocado, plus Pomegranate or Banana). EPA
is proposing 42 commodities for new subgroup 24B: Abiu; Akee apple;
avocado; avocado, Guatemalan; avocado, Mexican; avocado, West

Indian; Bacury; banana; banana, dwarf; Binjai; Canistel;
Cupuac[uacute]; Etambe; Jatob[aacute]; Kei apple; Langstat; Lanjut;
Lucuma; Mabolo; mango; mango, horse; mango, Saipan; Mangosteen; Paho;
papaya; Pawpaw, common; Pelipisan; Pequi; Pequia; persimmon, American;
plantain; pomegranate; Poshte; Quandong; Sapote, black; Sapote, green;
Sapote, white; Sataw; Screw-pine; Star apple; Tamarind-of-the-Indies;
and Wild loquat. Also included are cultivars, varieties and hybrids of
these commodities.
    iii. Medium to large fruit, rough or hairy, inedible peel subgroup
24C. (Representative commodities--Pineapple, plus Atemoya or Sugar
apple). EPA is proposing 27 commodities for new subgroup 24C: Atemoya;
Biriba; breadfruit; Champedak; Cherimoya; Custard apple; Durian;
Elephant-apple; Ilama; Jackfruit; Karuka; longan; Mammy-apple;
Marmalade-box; Marang; Monkey-bread tree; Nicobar-breadfruit; Pandanus;
pineapple; Pulasan; Rambutan; Sapodilla; Sapote, mamey; Soncoya;
Soursop; Sugar apple; and Sun sapote. Also included are cultivars,
varieties and hybrids of these commodities.
    iv. Cactus inedible peel subgroup 24D. (Representative
commodities--Dragon fruit and Prickly pear fruit). EPA is proposing
nine commodities for new subgroup 24D: Dragon fruit; Pitahaya; Pitaya;
Pitaya amarilla; Pitaya roja; Pitaya, yellow; Prickly pear, fruit;
Texas prickly pear, fruit; and Saguaro. Also included are cultivars,
varieties and hybrids of these commodities.
    v. Vine inedible peel subgroup 24E. (Representative commodity--
Passionfruit). EPA is proposing eight commodities for new subgroup 24E:
Granadilla; Granadilla, giant; Monstera; passionflower, winged-stem;
passionfruit; passionfruit, banana; passionfruit, purple; and
passionfruit, yellow. Also included are cultivars, varieties and
hybrids of these commodities.
    The creation of these subgroups and the choice of representative
commodity designations are based on similarities between cultural
practices, potential residue exposure due to fruit size area, and lack
of animal feed items. The proposed subgroup designations are based on
fruit size (small versus medium to large fruit), determined via the
surface area to mass (volume) ratio, as well as peel texture (rough or
hairy, smooth, or cactus), and growth habit (e.g., vine crops).

F. Other Changes

    1. Revise Sec.  180.40(e) and (f). EPA believes that Sec.
180.40(f) of the Crop Group Regulations, promulgated in 1983 (Ref. 2),
has become outdated and that revisions are needed. Section 180.40(f)
addresses the interaction of crop group tolerances with processed food
tolerances and meat, milk, and egg tolerances. Under FFDCA section 408,
raw food tolerances and exemptions from tolerance apply to processed
foods as well; however, separate processed food tolerances are needed
if residues may concentrate to levels higher than the raw food
tolerance in one or more fractions of the raw food following
processing. (21 U.S.C. 346a(a)(2)). This provision in the FFDCA is
generally referred to as the flow-through provision because it legally
permits residues--or, more accurately, the raw food tolerance--to flow
through to processed food. Similarly, residues in a raw crop may make
necessary a tolerance in meat, milk, and egg commodities if the crop,
or a fraction thereof, is a significant animal feed commodity and the
consumption of the treated crop may lead to residues in livestock
commodities. (Sec.  180.3(b)). Section 180.40(f) requires that, if any
commodity covered by a crop group is utilized as an animal feed, any
needed tolerances or exemptions from tolerance in meat, milk, or egg
commodities must be established before the crop group tolerance will be
promulgated. Section 180.40(f) also specifies that:
     Representative crops in a crop group include all crops
that upon processing may result in a greater concentration of residues
in the processed food;
     Processing data will be required before establishing a
crop group tolerance; and
     Crop group tolerances will not be established on processed
foods prepared from crops covered by crop group tolerances.
    When Sec.  180.40(f) was proposed, one commenter criticized it as
subject to misinterpretation. The commenter noted that crop groups do
not include all crops that are processed as representative commodities
and thus the provision may be construed as a ``guide for crops for
which food or feed additive data will be required.'' (Ref. 2). Another
commenter asked EPA to reconsider the exclusion on crop group
tolerances for processed foods. In response to the first commenter, EPA
disagreed that the provision would be misconstrued as limiting
processing data requirements to representative commodities. While not
disputing that crop groups do not include all commodities subject to
processing as representative commodities, the Agency thought the
provision did not suggest that processing data was not required on all
commodities that are processed. EPA cited the bar on setting group
tolerances on processed foods as the basis for this conclusion.
Nonetheless, the Agency did note that representative commodities are
intended to be representative of ``the overall residue picture for the
group,'' including residues in processed foods. As to the second
comment, EPA declined to remove the bar on establishing crop group
tolerances for processed foods. EPA concluded that, given the
relatively low number of processed food tolerances established each
year and the potentially significant differences in processing
techniques even for commodities in the same crop group, it would not be
appropriate to set processed food group tolerances. However, EPA
promised to re-examine this exclusion in the future (Ref. 2).
    EPA has now re-examined the requirements of Sec.  180.40(f) in
light of 30 years of experience in implementing the 1983 crop groups
rule, evaluating residue levels in processed foods; and setting
processed food tolerances. Based on this re-examination, EPA has
concluded that Sec.  180.40(f) is no longer consistent with Agency
practice and fails to provide clear direction to tolerance petitioners.
    With regard to consistency with Agency practice, Sec.  180.40(f) is
out-of-step with Agency determinations made on what commodities are
appropriately considered representative and on whether processed food
group tolerances should be set. As noted, Sec.  180.40(f) specifies
that ``representative crops include all crops in the group that could
be processed such that residues may concentrate in processed food and/
or feed.'' The thinking behind this provision appears to have been that
processed food and animal feeds were so unique that residue data on
them was needed in all cases to evaluate human exposure to a pesticide
under a group tolerance and to determine whether processed food and
feed tolerances are needed. In practice, EPA has not found this to be
the case. For example, nearly every crop in the Crop Group 15--Cereal
Grains is processed into fractions that could result in concentrated
residues but EPA only selected a handful of the crops to serve as
representative crops. Designating every, or nearly every, crop in a
crop group as a representative commodity would have defeated the
purpose of having a crop group. The selection of only a few of the
cereal grains that are processed as representative crops was based on
an analysis on the representativeness of these crops as to both raw and

processed commodities. EPA has determined that, as to the commodities
in this group, processing data on only a few commodities would be
adequate for estimating residue values in all processed foods covered
by the crop group tolerance (under FFDCA section 408, raw food
tolerances apply to all processed food, including animal feed, derived
from that raw food) (Ref. 3). (See 21 U.S.C. 346a(a)(2))
    EPA's experience implementing the crop group regulations has also
led EPA to question the wisdom of Sec.  180.40(f)'s bar on crop group
tolerances for ``processed foods prepared from crops covered by [a]
group tolerance.'' If, as found for the cereal grains group and other
more recently established crop groups, processing data on a few
commodities are adequate to assess residue levels in processed food and
animal feed covered by the crop group tolerance, there is no reason not
to consider setting a crop group tolerance for processed food or animal
feed, where needed. In fact, outside of the context of the crop group
regulations in Sec. Sec.  180.40 and 180.41, EPA has been setting de
facto crop group tolerances for processed foods pursuant to its Residue
Chemistry Test Guidelines (Ref. 4) for years. For example, those
Guidelines identify the commodity ``citrus'' as appropriate for use in
setting both raw and processed food/feed tolerances. Although this term
is not necessarily co-extensive with Crop Group 10-10, Citrus Fruit
Group, it does indicate EPA's judgment that processed food/feed
tolerances are workable for categories of commodities and not just
single commodities.
    Additionally, EPA's conclusions in 1983 regarding the relative
rarity of the need for processed food tolerances and the uniqueness of
food processing techniques have not stood the test of time. Although
the number of processed food tolerances is small compared to the number
of raw food tolerances, the overall number of processed food tolerances
is significant. For example, there are over 250 processed food
tolerances established for the processed commodities of just four
crops: Almond (hulls); apple (wet and dry pomace and juice); sugar beet
(dried pulp, molasses, and refined sugar); and wheat (bran, germ,
flour, middlings, milled byproducts, and shorts). Further, EPA's
conclusion about the uniqueness of processing techniques has not been
borne out by the thousands of processing studies received by EPA. EPA's
method of estimating pesticide levels in processed foods is
conservative because EPA bases its estimate on the highest residue
value found in field trials designed to produce worst-case residue
levels. Data from the USDA's Pesticide Data Program (PDP) confirms the
conservativeness of EPA's approach. PDP data show that residues in
processed foods are usually one to two orders of magnitude below the
level estimated by EPA in its exposure assessment and tolerance
selection processes.
    EPA has not only found Sec.  180.40(f) to be out-of-step with
Agency practice, but upon further reflection based upon years of
experience, EPA now believes there is substantial merit in the comments
made 30 years ago questioning the regulation's clarity. Other than the
bar on processed food group tolerances, EPA believes that Sec.
180.40(f) meant to establish three principles. First, the provision was
intended to incorporate in the crop group regulations EPA's long-held
policy (generally referred to as the ``coordination policy'') of not
setting tolerances on raw agricultural commodities unless any needed
tolerances on processed foods (including animal feeds) and on meat,
milk, and/or eggs are in place (or are being simultaneously
established) (Ref. 2, p. 29856). Otherwise, raw foods containing legal
residues might result, after processing for human or animal consumption
or after consumption by livestock, in adulterated commodities subject
to seizure.
    Second, the provision was intended to indicate that representative
commodities would be chosen for crop groups with an eye toward the
issue of residue levels in processed foods and in meat, milk, and eggs
resulting from animals consuming treated food so that the
representative crops would be truly representative of the group. Third,
the provision was intended to explain that processing studies and
animal feeding studies, where appropriate, would be required on the
representative commodities. Unless such studies were submitted when
needed, EPA believed it could not determine overall exposure levels
resulting from a crop group tolerance and if a crop group tolerance
would inadvertently lead to processed food or animal feed that has over
tolerance residues. Little of this, however, plainly emerges from the
text of Sec.  180.40(f).
    Based on this re-examination of Sec.  180.40(f), EPA has concluded
that several changes are needed. EPA is proposing to revise Sec.
180.40(f) to more clearly enunciate the three principles originally
included in the provision and to update these provisions in line with
current practice. For the sake of clarity, the proposed revisions
include dividing Sec.  180.40(f) into four paragraphs. In proposed
Sec.  180.40(f)(1), EPA is proposing to adopt a statement of its
coordination policy similar to that in EPA's Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) regulations that bars the
granting of a FIFRA registration until all needed tolerances have
received Agency approval. (See 40 CFR 152.112(g)) EPA is proposing that
crop group tolerances not be established until all other ``necessary''
tolerances have been approved (or are being simultaneously
established). Generally, the establishment of a tolerance for one raw
commodity makes other tolerances ``necessary'' if normal processing,
handling, production, transportation, or storage of the treated
commodity, or consumption of the commodity by livestock, could lead to
the presence of a residue in another commodity not covered by a
tolerance or exemption. Proposed Sec.  180.40(f)(1) specifies that
tolerances in other food forms are considered necessary if:
     A processed form or fraction of a raw food covered by the
crop group tolerance may contain residues due to processing that are
higher than the crop group tolerance;
     There exist raw commodities derived or produced from
commodity covered by the crop group tolerance but the derived raw food
is not covered by the crop group tolerance; and
     Commodities, or fractions thereof, that are covered by the
crop group tolerance are a significant animal feed item and consumption
of the feed item may lead to residues in meat, milk, or eggs.
    The reason for the second criteria is that the production of food
may result in multiple discrete raw and processed commodities as a crop
moves from harvest to market, but the flow-through provision only
applies to processed foods. Raw foods that are discrete from the raw
commodity specified in the tolerance need a separate tolerance if they
contain any residue level (i.e., they are not covered by the flow-
through provision). Separate raw forms of the same crop can be created,
for example, by drying the crop because not all forms of drying are
considered to be ``processing,'' as that term is used in the FFDCA
(Ref. 5). Proposed Sec.  180.40(f)(1) carves out an exception to the
first two types of necessary tolerances where there is complete
separation between crops grown solely to be sold as a specific raw
commodity and crops grown for the purpose of producing a processed food
or a separate raw commodity. In these circumstances, no processed food
tolerance (or separate

raw commodity tolerance) is needed to set the raw food tolerance
because production of the commodity for the raw food market will not
result in the production of processed foods (or distinct raw
commodities).
    In new Sec.  180.40(f)(2) EPA is proposing to add express authority
to set processed food group tolerances for processed foods, or
fractions of foods, produced from foods covered by the crop groups
established in Sec.  180.41. Thus, EPA is proposing to delete the
language barring the establishment of crop group tolerances for
processed foods as currently exists in Sec.  180.40(f). Such processed
commodity group tolerances would apply to the types of processed
commodities, including both food and feed products, as to which EPA has
traditionally set processed food tolerances (e.g., juice, oil, and
dried pulp of citrus commodities). Thus, going forward, EPA will be
able to replace multiple individual processed commodity tolerances with
a single crop group processed commodity tolerance. For example, a crop
group tolerance on ``Grain, cereal, group 15, bran'' would apply to
bran from each of the 14 commodities in Crop Group 15.
    In new Sec.  180.40(f)(2) EPA is also proposing to set crop group
tolerances for discrete raw commodities produced from commodities
covered by the crop groups in Sec.  180.41 where these discrete raw
commodities are not covered by the crop group. An example of such a
discrete ``produced'' raw food is aspirated grain fractions that are
produced during the storage of grain but is neither the raw
agricultural commodity ``grain'' nor a processed food. Once final, EPA
would be authorized to set, for example, a crop group tolerance for
``Grain, cereal, group 15, aspirated grain fractions.'' Further, Sec.
180.40(f)(2) integrates processed food (and ``produced'' raw
commodities) group tolerances into Sec.  180.40 more generally by
specifying that these group tolerances are to be governed by several of
the provisions in Sec.  180.40 pertaining to raw agricultural commodity
crop groups:
     Sec.  180.40(c)--allowing crop group tolerances to be
established where tolerances already exist on the representative
commodities;
     Sec.  180.40(d)--establishing the representative
commodities as the minimum residue chemistry data base;
     Sec.  180.40(e)--requiring that registered patterns of
pesticide use be similar for all crops in the group;
     Sec.  180.40(g)--specifying the maximum variation in
residue values in representative crops generally permitted for
establishing a crop group; and
     Sec.  180.40(h)--providing an alternative for excluding a
commodity from a crop group.
    Because of these proposed revisions, EPA is also proposing to
revise Sec.  180.40(e) to make clear that crop groups may only be
established where both the pesticide use patterns in the production of
the crops and the food processing steps are similar.
    In new Sec.  180.40(f)(3) EPA is proposing to restate EPA's concept
of representative commodities to incorporate its revised view that a
representative commodity can represent both raw and processed foods
covered by the crop group tolerance as well as residues that may result
in meat, milk, or eggs from use of covered crops, or fractions thereof,
as animal feed.
    Finally, in new Sec.  180.40(f)(4) EPA is also proposing to make
clear that processing data, data on residues in raw commodities derived
or produced from the commodity in the crop group, and animal feeding
studies will be required, where appropriate. Processing data are
generally required if a raw commodity is processed and residues may
concentrate in one or more of the processed fractions. EPA expects that
processing data on the representative commodities will generally be
sufficient for establishing processed commodity group tolerances but,
as with raw agricultural commodity crop groups, may require additional
processing data where circumstances warrant. Animal studies are
required if the raw commodity or any of its processed fractions are a
significant animal feed commodity.
    2. Revise Crop Groups 16, 17, and 18 to clarify that separate group
tolerances may be set on forage, fodder, straw, and hay. Crop groups
16, 17, and 18 cover animal feeds (forage, fodder, straw, and/or hay)
for various grains, grasses, and non-grass/non-grain crops. EPA's
experience in administering these crop groups has shown that, for some
pesticides, there may be significant differences between residue levels
of forage, fodder, stover, straw, and/or hay for the covered crops even
though the residue levels in each of these animal feeds are similar for
the various crops covered. For example, with Crop Group 16, residue
levels in forage and fodder of corn and wheat may be very different
than residue levels in straw of corn and wheat despite a similarity
between residue levels in corn and wheat for each of the these animal
feed commodities individually (i.e., residue levels in forage of corn
and wheat are similar, residue levels in fodder of corn and wheat are
similar, etc.). In these circumstances, EPA believes that enforcement
can be more efficient and dietary exposure assessments more precise if
separate group tolerances can be set on the animal feeds covered by the
group tolerance. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to amend each of these
crop groups to make clear that separate crop groups can be set for one
or more of the animal feeds in the group if there are differences
between the residue levels in the animal feed commodities but residue
levels are similar for the individual commodities across the covered
crops.
    3. Revise broccoli commodity definition. EPA proposes to revise the
commodity definition for broccoli in Sec.  180.1(g) to correct the
spelling for gai lon, which is currently written as ``gia lon.''
    4. Revise sugar apple commodity definition. EPA proposes to revise
the commodity definition for sugar apple in Sec.  180.1(g) to update
the scientific name for sugar apple as well as to remove the remove
sweetsop and anon from the definition.

IV. References

    The following is a listing of the documents that are specifically
referenced in this document. The docket includes these documents and
other information considered by EPA, including documents that are
referenced within the documents that are included in the docket, even
if the referenced document is not physically located in the docket. For
assistance in locating these other documents, please consult the person
listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    1. EPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program; Proposed
Expansion; Proposed Rule. Federal Register (77 FR 28920, May 23, 2007)
(FRL-8126-1).
    2. EPA. Crop Grouping: Amendment to Tests on the Amount of Residue
Remaining in Minor Crops; Final Rule. Federal Register (48 FR 29855,
June 29, 1983).
    3. EPA. Bernard A. Schneider. Selection of Representative
Commodities and Processed Commodities. July 24, 2014. Docket ID number
EPA-HQ-OPP-2006-0766.
    4. EPA. Residue Chemistry Test Guidelines. OPPTS 860.1520,
Processed Food/Feed. August 1996.
    5. EPA. Pesticides; Status of Dried Commodities as Raw Agricultural
Commodities; Notice. Federal Register (61 FR 2386, January 25, 1996)
(FRL-4992-4).
    6. EPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program; Proposed
Expansion; Proposed Rule. Federal Register (77 FR 28920, May 23, 2007)
(FRL-8126-1).

    7. EPA. Pesticide Tolerance Crop Grouping Program; Final Rule.
Federal Register (72 FR 69150, December 7, 2007) (FRL-8343-1).

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the
terms of Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and is
therefore not subject to review under Executive Orders 12866 and 13563
(76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011).
    EPA prepared an analysis of the potential costs and benefits
associated with this action in the first proposed rule of this series
of updates (Ref. 6). This analysis is contained in ``Economic Analysis
Proposed Expansion of Crop Grouping Program.'' A copy of the analysis
is available in the docket. Because the costs and benefits of each
update to the crop grouping rule are essentially the same, EPA believes
the May 23, 2007 economic analysis continues to be applicable here and
is summarizing it in this unit.
    This is a burden-reducing regulation. Crop grouping has saved money
by permitting the results of pesticide exposure studies for one crop to
be applied to other, similar crops. This regulation would expand
certain existing crop groups and add new crop groups.
    The primary beneficiaries of the regulation are minor crop
producers and consumers. Specialty crop producers will benefit because
lower registration costs will encourage manufacturers to register more
pesticides on minor crops, providing these growers with additional
pesticide options. The greater availability of pesticides for use in
the United States as well as increased coverage of tolerances to
imported commodities may result in a larger supply of imported and
domestically produced specialty produce at potentially lower costs
benefiting consumers. Secondary beneficiaries are pesticide
registrants, who benefit because expanded markets for pesticides will
lead to increased sales. IR-4 and EPA, which are publicly funded
Federal Government entities, will more efficiently use resources as a
result of the rule.
    EPA will conserve resources if, as expected, new or expanded crop
groups result in fewer emergency pesticide use requests from specialty
crop growers. Further, new and expanded crop groups will likely reduce
the number of separate risk assessments and tolerance rulemakings that
EPA will have to conduct. The public will further benefit from the
increased international harmonization of crop classification and
nomenclature, harmonized commodity import and export standards, and
increased potential for resource sharing between EPA and other
pesticide regulatory agencies. Revisions to the crop grouping program
will result in no appreciable costs or negative impacts to consumers,
specialty crop producers, and pesticide registrants.
    The benefits of this action can be shown through the example of the
impact of changes to Crop Group 3 in a prior rulemaking (Ref. 7). That
rulemaking established Bulb Vegetable Crop Group 3-07, which expanded
upon the related Crop Group 3, Bulb Vegetables from 7 to 25 crops, an
increase of 18 from the original crop group. Prior to the establishment
of the expanded crop group, adding tolerances for the 18 crops would
have required a minimum of 18 field trials at a cost of approximately
$5.4 million (assuming $300,000 per field trial). However, after
promulgation of the new group, these 18 new crops could obtain
pesticide tolerances under a Crop Group 3-07 tolerance with no field
trials in addition to those required on the representative commodities
(which did not change with the expansion of the group). Fewer field
trials mean a greater likelihood that these commodities will obtain
tolerance coverage under the FFDCA, aiding growers and reducing the
costs of both the IR-4 data development process and the EPA review
process, all while maintaining the protectiveness of the tolerance
regulatory scheme.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This action does not impose any new information collection
requirements that would require additional review or approval by OMB
under the provisions of PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. However, this
action is expected to reduce mandatory paperwork due to a reduction in
required studies. This action will also have the effect of reducing the
number of residue chemistry studies because fewer representative crops
would need to be tested under a crop grouping scheme, than it would
otherwise be required.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    Pursuant to RFA section 605(b), 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., I hereby
certify that this proposed rule will not have a significant adverse
economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This
proposed rule does not have any direct adverse impacts on small
businesses, small non-profit organizations, or small local governments.
    For the purpose of assessing the impacts of this proposed rule on
small entities, a small entity is defined as:
    1. A small business as defined by the Small Business
Administration's (SBA) regulations at 13 CFR 121.201.
    2. A small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a
city, county, town, school district or special district with a
population of less than 50,000.
    3. A small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise which
is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.
    In determining whether a rule has a significant economic impact on
a substantial number of small entities, the impact of concern is any
significant adverse economic impact on small entities, since the
primary purpose of the regulatory flexibility analyses is to identify
and address regulatory alternatives ``which minimize any significant
economic impact of the proposed rule on small entities'' (5 U.S.C. 603
and 604). Thus, an agency may certify that a rule will not have a
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities
if the rule relieves regulatory burden or otherwise has a positive
economic effect on all of the small entities subject to the rule.
    This proposed action provides regulatory relief and regulatory
flexibility. The new crop groups ease the process for pesticide
manufacturers to obtain pesticide tolerances on greater numbers of
crops. Pesticides will be more widely available to growers for use on
crops, particularly specialty crops. This proposed action is not
expected to have any adverse impact on small businesses.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    EPA has determined that this action does not contain a Federal
mandate that may result in expenditures of $100 million or more for
State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or the private
sector in any 1 year. Accordingly, this action is not subject to the
requirements of UMRA sections 202, 203, 204, and 205, 2 U.S.C. 1501 et
seq.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    Pursuant to Executive Order 13132, 64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999,
EPA has determined that this action does not have federalism
implications, because it will not have substantial direct effects on
the States, on the relationship between the national government and

the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among
the various levels of government, as specified in the Executive Order.
Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this action.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments

    As required by Executive Order 13175, 65 FR 67249, November 9,
2000, EPA has determined that this action does not have tribal
implications because it will not have any effect on tribal governments,
on the relationship between the Federal Government and the Indian
tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between
the Federal Government and Indian tribes, as specified in the Executive
order. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    Executive Order 13045, 62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997 does not apply
because this action is not designated as an economically significant
regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866 (see Unit V.A.),
nor does it establish an environmental standard, or otherwise have a
disproportionate effect on children.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy
Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' as defined in
Executive Order 13211, 66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001 because it is not
designated as an regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866
(see Unit V.A.), nor is it likely to have any adverse effect on the
supply, distribution, or use of energy.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)

    Section 12(d) of NTTAA, 15 U.S.C. 272 note, directs EPA to use
voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless to do
so would be inconsistent with applicable law or impractical. Voluntary
consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials
specifications, test methods, and sampling procedures) that are
developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. This
action does not impose any technical standards that would require EPA
to consider the use of any voluntary consensus standards.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    This action does not have an adverse impact on the environmental
and health conditions in low-income and minority communities.
Therefore, this action does not involve special consideration of
environmental justice related issues as specified in Executive Order
12898, 59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Commodities, Pesticides and pests.

    Dated: November 3, 2014.
James Jones,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention.

    Therefore, it is proposed that 40 CFR chapter I be amended as
follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.

0
2. In Sec.  180.1:
0
a. Revise the entries for ``Broccoli'' and ``Sugar apple'' in the table
in paragraph (g).
0
b. Add entries for ``Fern, edible'' and ``Palm hearts'' in alphabetical
order to the table in paragraph (g).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  180.1  Definitions and interpretations.

* * * * *
    (g) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
          A                                    B
------------------------------------------------------------------------

                              * * * * * * *
Broccoli............  Broccoli, Chinese broccoli (gai lon, white
                       flowering broccoli).

                              * * * * * * *
Fern, edible........  Fern, edible, fiddlehead including: Black lady
                       fern, Deparia japonica (Thunb.) M. Kato; Bracken
                       fern, Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn; Broad
                       buckler fern, Dryopteris dilatata (Hoffm.) A.
                       Gray; Cinnamon fern, Osmundastrum cinnamomeum
                       (L.) C. Presl; Lady fern, Athyrium filix-femina
                       (L.) Roth ex Mert.; Leather fern, Acrostichum
                       aureum L.; Mother fern, Diplazium proliferum
                       (Lam.) Thouars; Ostrich fern, Matteuccia
                       struthiopteris (L.) Tod.; Vegetable fern,
                       Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.; Zenmai fern,
                       Osmuda japonica Thunb.

                              * * * * * * *
Palm hearts.........  Palm hearts, various species including: African
                       fan palm, Borassus aethiopum Mart.; Cabbage palm,
                       Euterpe oleracea Mart.; Cabbage palmetto, Sabal
                       palmetto (Walter) Schult. & Schult. f.; Coconut,
                       Cocos nucifera L.; Palmyra palm, Borassus
                       flabellifera L.; Peach Palm, Bactris gasipaes
                       Kunth; Royal palm, Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.)
                       O.F. Cook; Salak palm, Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.)
                       Voss; Saw palmetto, Serenoa repens (W. Bartram)
                       Small; Wine palm, Raphia spp.

                              * * * * * * *
Sugar apple.........  Annona squamosa L. and its hybrid atemoya (Annona
                       cherimola Mill X A. squamosa L.) Also includes
                       true custard apple (Annona reticulata L.).

                              * * * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
0
3. In Sec.  180.40, revise paragraphs (e) and (f) to read as follows:

Sec.  180.40  Tolerances for crop groups.

* * * * *
    (e) Since a group tolerance reflects maximum residues likely to
occur on all individual crops within a group, the proposed or
registered patterns of use for all crops in the group or subgroup must
be similar before a group tolerance is established. The pattern of use
consists of the amount of pesticide applied, the number of times
applied, the timing of the first application, the interval between
applications, and the interval between the last application

and harvest. The pattern of use will also include the type of
application; for example, soil or foliar application, or application by
ground or aerial equipment. Additionally, since a group tolerance
reflects maximum residues likely to occur on all individual foods
within a group, food processing practices must be similar for all crops
in the group or subgroup if the processing practice has the potential
to result in residues in a processed commodity at a higher
concentration than the raw agricultural commodity.
    (f)(1) General. EPA will not establish a crop group for a pesticide
unless all tolerances made necessary by the presence of pesticide
residues in the crop group commodities have been issued or are being
issued simultaneously with the crop group tolerance. For purposes of
this paragraph (f)(1):
    (i) Necessary tolerances for residues resulting from crop group
tolerances include:
    (A) Tolerances for processed food, including processed animal feed,
to the extent needed under 21 U.S.C. 346a(a)(2).
    (B) Tolerances for raw commodities not covered by the crop group
tolerance that are derivative of commodities in the group.
    (C) Tolerances for meat, milk, or egg products that may contain
residues as a result of livestock's consumption of animal feed
containing pesticide residues to the extent needed under Sec.
180.6(b).
    (ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tolerance is not considered
necessary for processed food, derivative raw commodities, or meat,
milk, and eggs if the precursor raw commodities are grown solely for
sale as a raw commodities and are completely segregated from
commodities grown for the purpose of producing processed foods,
derivative raw commodities, and commodities, or fractions thereof, that
are used as animal feed.
    (2) Processed commodity and related raw commodity crop group
tolerances. EPA may establish crop group tolerances for processed
commodities or fractions of commodities (e.g., bran and flour from the
Cereal Grains Group), including processed fractions used as animal feed
(e.g., pomace from the Pome Fruit Group), produced from crops in the
crop groups in Sec.  180.41. EPA may establish crop group tolerances
for raw commodities or fractions of commodities, including fractions
used as animal feed, derived from commodities covered by the crop
groups in Sec.  180.41 (e.g., aspirated grain dust associated with the
Cereal Grains Group). Crop group tolerances on processed foods and
derivative raw commodities may be based on data on representative
commodities for associated crop group. Paragraphs (c), (d), (e), (g),
and (h) of this section apply to group tolerances authorized by this
paragraph (f)(2).
    (3) Representative crops. Unless indicated otherwise in Sec. Sec.
180.40 and 180.41, the processed food and feed forms of the
representative crops for a crop group are considered to be
representative of the processed food and feed forms and any derivative
raw commodities not covered by the crop group, that are produced from
any of the raw agricultural commodities covered by the crop group
tolerance. Additionally, unless indicated otherwise in Sec. Sec.
180.40 and 180.41, representative commodities for such crop groups are
selected taking into consideration whether their use as animal feed
will result in residues in or on meat, milk, and/or eggs at a level
representative of the residues that would result from use of the other
commodities or byproducts in the crop group as an animal feed.
    (4) Data. Processing data on representative crops are required
prior to establishment of a group tolerance if the processing of the
representative commodity has the potential to result in residues in a
processed commodity at a higher concentration than in the
representative commodity. Residue data are required on raw commodities
derived from the crops in the crop group tolerance but not directly
covered by the tolerance. Animal feeding studies with a representative
crop are required if the representative crop is used as a significant
animal feed.
* * * * *
0
4. In Sec.  180.41:
0
a. Revise paragraph (b).
0
b. Redesignate paragraphs (c)(6) through (28) as paragraphs (c)(7)
through (29), respectively.
0
c. Add a new paragraph (c)(6).
0
d. Redesignate newly redesignated paragraphs (c)(8) through (29) as
paragraphs (c)(9) through (30), respectively.
0
e. Add a new paragraph (c)(8).
0
f. Revise newly redesignated paragraphs (c)(25)(ii), (c)(26)(ii), and
(c)(27)(ii) introductory text.
0
g. Add paragraphs (c)(31), (32), and (33).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Sec.  180.41  Crop group tables.

* * * * *
    (b) Commodities not listed are not considered as included in the
groups for the purposes of this paragraph (b), and individual
tolerances must be established. Miscellaneous commodities intentionally
not included in any group include globe artichoke, hops, peanut, and
water chestnut.
    (c) * * *
    (6) Crop Group 4-14. Leafy Vegetable Group.
    (i) Representative commodities. Head lettuce, leaf lettuce, mustard
greens, and spinach.
    (ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 4-14.

                Table 1--Crop Group 4-14: Leafy Vegetable
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Commodities                    Related crop  subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amaranth, Chinese (Amaranthus tricolor L.)....  4-14A
Amaranth, leafy (Amaranthus spp.).............  4-14A
Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.)..................  4-14B
Aster, Indian (Kalimeris indica (L.) Sch.       4-14A
 Bip.).
Blackjack (Bidens pilosa L.)..................  4-14A
Broccoli, Chinese (Brassica oleracea var.       4-14B
 alboglabra (L.H. Bailey) Musil).
Broccoli raab (Brassica ruvo L.H. Bailey).....  4-14B
Cabbage, abyssinian (Brassica carinata A.       4-14B
 Braun).
Cabbage, seakale (Brassica oleracea L. var.     4-14B
 costata DC.).
Cat's whiskers (Cleome gynandra L.)...........  4-14A
Cham-chwi (Doellingeria scabra (Thunb.) Nees).  4-14A
Cham-na-mul (Pimpinella calycina Maxim).......  4-14A
Chervil, fresh leaves (Anthriscus cerefolium    4-14A
 (L.) Hoffm.).

Chinese cabbage, bok choy (Brassica rapa        4-14B
 subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt).
Chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata Hook & Arn)  4-14A
Chrysanthemum, garland (Glebionis coronaria     4-14A
 (L.) Cass. ex Spach. Glebionis spp.).
Cilantro, fresh leaves (Coriandrum sativum L.)  4-14A
Collards (Brassica oleracea var. Viridis L.)..  4-14B
Corn salad (Valerianella spp.)................  4-14A
Cosmos (Cosmos caudatus Kunth)................  4-14A
Cress, garden (Lepidium sativum L.)...........  4-14B
Cress, upland (Barbarea vulgaris W. T. Aiton).  4-14B
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.      4-14A
 Aggr.).
Dang-gwi (Angelica gigas).....................  4-14A
Dillweed (Anethum graveolens L.)..............  4-14A
Dock (Rumex patientia L.).....................  4-14A
Dol-nam-mul (Sedum sarmentosum Bunge).........  4-14A
Ebolo (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.  4-14A
 Moore).
Endive (Cichorium endivia L. ssp. Endivia)....  4-14A
Escarole (Cichorium endivia L. ssp. Endivia)..  4-14A
Fameflower (Talinum fruticosum (L.) Juss.)....  4-14A
Feather cockscomb (Glinus oppositifolius (L.)   4-14A
 Aug. DC.).
Good King Henry (Chenopodium bonus-henricus     4-14A
 L.).
Hanover salad (Brassica napus var. Pabularia    4-14B
 (DC.) Rchb.).
Huauzontle (Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.).....  4-14A
Jute, leaves (Corchorus spp.).................  4-14A
Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.)....  4-14B
Lettuce, bitter (Launaea cornuta (Hochst. ex    4-14A
 Oliv. & Hiern) C. Jeffrey).
Lettuce, head (Lactuca sativa L.; including     4-14A
 Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.).
Lettuce, leaf (Lactuca sativa L.; including     4-14A
 Lactuca sativa var. longifolia Lam.; Lactuca
 sativa var. crispa L.).
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.).................  4-14B
Mizuna (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica     4-14B
 (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt).
Mustard greens (Brassica juncea subsp.,         4-14B
 including Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. subsp.
 integrifolia (H. West) Thell., Brassica
 juncea (L.) Czern. var. tsatsai (T. L. Mao)
 Gladis).
Orach (Atriplex hortensis L.).................  4-14A
Parsley, fresh leaves (Petroselinum crispum     4-14A
 (Mill.) Nyman ex A.W. Hill; Petroselinum
 crispum var. neapolitanum Danert).
Plantain, buckthorn (Plantago lanceolata L.)..  4-14A
Primrose, English (Primula vulgaris Huds.)....  4-14A
Purslane, garden (Portulaca oleracea L.)......  4-14A
Purslane, winter (Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex  4-14A
 Willd).
Radicchio (Cichorium intybus L.)..............  4-14A
Radish, leaves (Raphanus sativus L. var         4-14B
 sativus, including Raphanus sativus L. var.
 mougri H. W. J. Helm (Raphanus sativus L.
 var. oleiformis Pers).
Rape greens (Brassica napus L. var. napus,      4-14B
 including Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis
 (Roxb.) Hanelt; Brassica rapa subsp.
 dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt; Brassica rapa
 subsp. oleifera Met).
Rocket, wild (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.).  4-14B
Shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.)  4-14B
 Medik).
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)................  4-14A
Spinach, malabar (Basella alba L.)............  4-14A
Spinach, New Zealand (Tetragonia                4-14A
 tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze).
Spinach, tanier (Xanthosoma brasiliense         4-14A
 (Desf.) Engl.).
Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. Vulgaris)  4-14A
Turnip greens (Brassica rapa L. subsp. Rapa)..  4-14B
Violet, Chinese (Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.    4-14A
 Anderson).
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton)  4-14B
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these      ........................
 commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Crop subgroups. The following Table 2 identifies the crop
subgroups for Crop Group 4-14, specifies the representative commodities
for each subgroup, and lists all the commodities included in each
subgroup.

                                   Table 2--Crop Group 4-14: Subgroup Listing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Representative  commodities                                      Commodities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Crop Subgroup 4-14A. Leafy greens subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Head lettuce, leaf lettuce, and spinach....  Amaranth, Chinese; amaranth, leafy; aster, Indian; blackjack; cat's
                                              whiskers; chervil, fresh leaves; cham-chwi; cham-na-mul; chipilin;
                                              chrysanthemum, garland; cilantro, fresh leaves; corn salad;
                                              cosmos; dandelion; dang-gwi; dillweed; dock; dol-nam-mul; ebolo;
                                              endive; escarole; fameflower; feather cockscomb; good king henry;
                                              huauzontle; jute, leaves; lettuce, bitter; lettuce, head; lettuce,
                                              leaf; orach; parsley, fresh leaves; plantain, buckhorn; primrose,
                                              English; purslane, garden; purslane, winter; radicchio; spinach;
                                              spinach, malabar; spinach, New Zealand; spinach, tanier; swiss
                                              chard; violet, Chinese; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these
                                              commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Crop Subgroup 4-14B. Brassica leafy greens subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mustard greens.............................  Arugula; broccoli raab; broccoli, Chinese; cabbage, abyssinian;
                                              cabbage, seakale; Chinese cabbage, bok choy; collards; cress,
                                              garden; cress, upland; hanover salad; kale; maca; mizuna; mustard
                                              greens; radish, leaves; rape greens; rocket, wild; shepherd's
                                              purse; turnip greens; watercress; cultivars, varieties, and
                                              hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (8) Crop Group 5-14. Brassica Head and Stem Vegetable Group.
    (i) Representative commodities. Broccoli or cauliflower and
cabbage.
    (ii) Commodities. The following List 1 contains all commodities
included in Crop Group 5-14.

        List 1--Crop Group 5-14: Brassica Head and Stem Vegetable
------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck).
Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. gemmifera (DC.) Zenker).
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.).
Cabbage, Chinese, napa (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.)
 Hanelt).
Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.).
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (25) * * *
    (ii) Commodities. The commodities included in Crop Group 16 are:
Forage, fodder, stover, and straw of all commodities included in the
group cereal grains group. EPA may establish separate group tolerances
on forage, fodder, hay, stover, or straw, if data on the representative
commodities indicate differences in the levels of residues on forage,
fodder, stover, or straw.
    (26) * * *
    (ii) Commodities. The commodities included in Crop Group 17 are:
Forage, fodder, stover, and hay of any grass, Gramineae/Poaceae family
(either green or cured) except sugarcane and those included in the
cereal grains group, that will be fed to or grazed by livestock, all
pasture and range grasses and grasses grown for hay or silage. EPA may
establish separate group tolerances on forage, fodder, stover, or hay,
if data on the representative commodities indicate differences in the
levels of residues on forage, fodder, stover, or hay.
    (27) * * *
    (ii) Commodities. EPA may establish separate group tolerances on
forage, fodder, straw, or hay, if data on the representative
commodities indicate differences in the levels of residues on forage,
fodder, straw, or hay. The following is a list of all the commodities
included in Crop Group 18:
* * * * *
    (31) Crop Group 22. Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole Vegetable Group.
    (i) Representative commodities. Asparagus and celery.
    (ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 22.

  Table 1--Crop Group 22: Stalk, Stem and Leaf Petiole Vegetable Group
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Commodities                    Related crop  subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Agave (Agave spp.)............................  22A
Aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f..............  22A
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)..........  22A
Bamboo, shoots (Arundinaria spp.; Bambusa       22A
 spp., Chimonobambusa spp.; Dendrocalamus
 spp., Fargesia spp.; Gigantochloa spp.,
 Nastus elatus; Phyllostachys spp.;
 Thyrsostachys spp.).
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.)...............  22B
Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce (Mill.)     22B
 Pers.).
Celery, Chinese (Apium graveolens L. var.       22B
 secalinum (Alef.) Mansf.).
Celtuce (Lactuca sativa var. angustana L.H.     22A
 Bailey).
Fennel, Florence, fresh leaves and stalk        22A
 (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var.
 azoricum (Mill.) Thell.).
Fern, edible, fiddlehead......................  22A
Fuki (Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.)     22B
 Maxim.).
Kale, sea (Crambe maritima L.)................  22A
Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var gongylodes   22A
 L.).
Palm hearts (various species).................  22A
Prickly pear, pads (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)   22A
 Mill., Opuntia spp.).
Prickly pear, Texas, pads (Opuntia engelmannii  22A
 Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. lindheimeri
 (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkav).
Rhubarb (Rheum x hybridum Murray).............  22B
Udo (Aralia cordata Thunb.)...................  22B
Zuiki (Colocasia gigantea (Blume) Hook. f.)...  22B
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these      ........................
 commodities..
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Crop subgroups. The following Table 2 identifies the crop
subgroups for Crop Group 22, specifies the representative commodities
for each subgroup, and lists all the commodities included in each
subgroup.

                                    Table 2--Crop Group 22: Subgroup Listing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Representative  commodities                                      Commodities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Crop Subgroup 22A. Stalk and stem vegetable subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asparagus..................................  Agave; aloe vera; asparagus; bamboo, shoots; celtuce; fennel,
                                              florence, fresh leaves and stalk; fern, edible; kale, sea;
                                              kohlrabi; palm hearts; prickly pear, pads; prickly pear, Texas,
                                              pads; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Crop Subgroup 22B. Leaf petiole vegetable subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Celery.....................................  Cardoon; celery; celery, Chinese; fuki; rhubarb; udo; zuiki;
                                              cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (32) Crop Group 23. Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel
Group.
    (i) Representative commodities. Date, fig, guava, and olive.
    (ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 23.

   Table 1--Crop Group 23: Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Edible Peel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Commodities                    Related crop  subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
A[ccedil]a[iacute] (Euterpe oleracea Mart.)...  23C
Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.)............  23A
African plum (Vitex doniana Sweet)............  23A
Agritos (Berberis trifoliolata Moric.)........  23A
Almondette (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.)........  23A
Ambarella (Spondias dulcis Sol. ex Parkinson).  23B
Apak palm (Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart.).......  23C
Appleberry (Billardiera scandens Sm.).........  23A
Araz[aacute] (Eugenia stipitata McVaugh)......  23B
Arbutus berry (Arbutus unedo L.)..............  23A
Babaco (Vasconcellea x heilbornii (V. M.        23B
 Badillo) V. M. Badillo).
Bacaba palm (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.).........  23C
Bacaba-de-leque (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.)..  23C
Bayberry, red (Morella rubra Lour.)...........  23A
Bignay (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.)........  23A
Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.).................  23B
Boroj[oacute] (Borojoa patinoi Cuatrec.)......  23B
Breadnut (Brosimum alicastrum Sw.)............  23A
Cabeluda (Plinia glomerata (O. Berg) Amshoff).  23A
Cajou, fruit (Anacardium giganteum Hance ex     23B
 Engl.).
Cambuc[aacute] (Marlierea edulis Nied.).......  23B
Carandas-plum (Carissa edulis Vahl)...........  23A
Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.)..................  23B
Cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L.)......  23B
Ceylon iron wood (Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.)    23A
 Dubard).
Ceylon olive (Elaeocarpus serratus L.)........  23A
Cherry-of-the-Rio-Grande (Eugenia aggregata     23A
 (Vell.) Kiaersk.).
Chinese olive, black (Canarium tramdenum C. D.  23A
 Dai & Yakovlev).
Chinese olive, white (Canarium album (Lour.)    23A
 Raeusch.).
Chirauli-nut (Buchanania latifolia Roxb.).....  23A
Ciruela verde (Bunchosia armeniaca (Cav.) DC.)  23B
Cocoplum (Chrysobalanus icaco L.).............  23A
Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.).................  23C
Davidson's plum (Davidsonia pruriens F.         23B
 Muell.).
Desert-date (Balanites aegyptiacus (L.)         23A
 Delile).
Doum palm coconut (Hyphaene thebaica (L.)       23C
 Mart.).
False sandalwood (Ximenia americana L.).......  23A
Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret).....  23B
Fig (Ficus carica L.).........................  23B
Fragrant manjack (Cordia dichotoma G. Forst.).  23A
Gooseberry, abyssinian (Dovyalis abyssinica     23A
 (A. Rich.) Warb.).
Gooseberry, Ceylon (Dovyalis hebecarpa          23A
 (Gardner) Warb.).
Gooseberry, Indian (Phyllanthus emblica L.)...  23B
Gooseberry, otaheite (Phyllanthus acidus (L.)   23A
 Skeels).
Governor's plum (Flacourtia indica (Burm. F.)   23A
 Merr.).
Grumichama (Eugenia brasiliensis Lam).........  23A
Guabiroba (Campomanesia xanthocarpa O. Berg)..  23A

Guava (Psidium guajava L.)....................  23B
Guava berry (Myrciaria floribunda (H. West ex   23A
 Willd.) O. Berg).
Guava, Brazilian (Psidium guineense Sw.)......  23A
Guava, cattley (Psidium cattleianum Sabine)...  23B
Guava, Costa Rican (Psidium                     23A
 friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied.).
Guava, para (Psidium acutangulum DC.).........  23B
Guava, purple strawberry (Psidium cattleianum   23B
 Sabine var. cattleianum).
Guava, strawberry (Psidium cattleianum Sabine   23B
 var. littorale (Raddi) Fosberg).
Guava, yellow strawberry (Psidium cattleianum   23B
 Sabine var. cattleianum forma lucidum O.
 Deg.).
Guayabillo (Psidium sartorianum (O. Berg)       23A
 Nied.).
Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus R. Br. Ex     23A
 Endl.).
Imb[eacute] (Garcinia livingstonei T.           23B
 Anderson).
Imbu (Spondias tuberosa Arruda ex Kost.)......  23B
Indian-plum (Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.).       23A
 basionym).
Jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O.     23B
 Berg).
Jamaica-cherry (Muntingia calabura L.)........  23A
Jambolan (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels)........  23A
Jelly palm (Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc.).....  23C
Jujube, Indian (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.).....  23B
Kaffir-plum (Harpephyllum caffrum Bernh. Ex C.  23A
 Krauss).
Kakadu plum (Terminalia latipes Benth. subsp.   23A
 psilocarpa Pedley).
Kapundung (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw.) Mull.    23A
 Arg.).
Karanda (Carissa carandas L.).................  23A
Kwai muk (Artocarpus hypargyreus Hance ex       23B
 Benth.).
Lemon aspen (Acronychia acidula F. Muell).....  23A
Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes)............  23B
Marian plum (Bouea macrophylla Griff.)........  23B
Mombin, malayan (Spondias pinnata (J. Koenig    23B
 ex L. f.) Kurz).
Mombin, purple (Spondias purpurea L.).........  23B
Mombin, yellow (Spondias mombin L.)...........  23A
Monkeyfruit (Artocarpus lacucha Buch. Ham.)...  23B
Monos plum (Pseudanamomis umbellulifera         23A
 (Kunth) Kausel).
Mountain cherry (Bunchosia cornifolia Kunth)..  23A
Nance (Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth)......  23B
Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa (Eckl.) A. DC.)  23B
Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.)..................  23B
Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea)......  23A
Papaya, mountain (Vasconcellea pubescens A.     23B
 DC.).
Patau[aacute] (Oenocarpus bataua Mart.).......  23C
Peach palm, fruit (Bactris gasipaes Kunth var.  23C
 gasipaes).
Persimmon, black (Diospyros texana Scheele)...  23A
Persimmon, Japanese (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)...  23B
Pitomba (Eugenia luschnathiana Klotzsch ex O.   23A
 Berg).
Plum-of-Martinique (Flacourtia inermis Roxb.).  23A
Pomerac (Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M.  23B
 Perry).
Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana (Mull. Arg.) Mull.  23B
 Arg.).
Rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston)......  23B
Rukam (Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritizi).....  23A
Rumberry (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) Mc Vaugh      23A
 Myrtaceae).
Sea grape (Coccoloba uvifera (L.) L.).........  23A
Sentul (Sandoricum koetjape (Burm. F.) Merr.).  23B
Sete-capotes (Campomanesia guazumifolia         23A
 (Cambess.) O. Berg).
Silver aspen (Acronychia wilcoxian (F. Muell.)  23A
 T.G. Hartley).
Starfruit ( Averrhoa carambola L.)............  23B
Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.)..........  23B
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.)...............  23B
Uvalha (Eugenia pyriformis Cambess )..........  23B
Water apple (Syzygium aqueum (Burm. F.)         23A
 Alston).
Water pear (Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC)...  23A
Water berry (Syzygium cordatum Hochst. Ex C.    23A
 Krauss).
Wax jambu (Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr.  23A
 & L.M. Perry).
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these      ........................
 commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Table. The following Table 2 identifies the crop subgroups
for Crop Group 23, specifies the representative commodities for each
subgroup, and lists all the commodities included in each subgroup.

                                    Table 2--Crop Group 23: Subgroup Listing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Representative  commodities                                      Commodities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                              Crop Subgroup 23A. Small fruit, edible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Olive......................................  Acerola; African plum; agritos; almondette; appleberry; arbutus
                                              berry; bayberry, red; bignay; breadnut; cabeluda; carandas-plum;
                                              Ceylon iron wood; Ceylon olive; cherry-of-the-Rio-Grande; Chinese
                                              olive, black; Chinese olive, white; chirauli-nut; cocoplum; desert-
                                              date; false sandalwood; fragant manjack; gooseberry, abyssinian;
                                              gooseberry, Ceylon; gooseberry, otaheite; governor's plum;
                                              grumichama; guabiroba; guava berry; guava, Brazilian; guava, Costa
                                              Rican; guayabillo; illawarra plum; Indian-plum; Jamaica-cherry;
                                              jambolan; kaffir-plum; kakadu plum; kapundung; karnada; lemon
                                              aspen; mombin, yellow; monos plum; mountain cherry; olive;
                                              persimmon, black; pitomba; plum-of-martinique; rukam; rumberry;
                                              sea grape; sete-capotes; silver aspen; water apple; water pear;
                                              water berry; wax jambu; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these
                                              commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                         Crop Subgroup 23B. Medium to large fruit, edible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fig and guava..............................  Ambarella; araz[aacute]; babaco; bilimbi; boroj[oacute]; cajou,
                                              fruit; cambuc[aacute]; carob; cashew apple; ciruela verde;
                                              Davidson's plum; feijoa; fig; gooseberry, Indian; guava; guava,
                                              cattley; guava, para; guava, purple strawberry; guava, strawberry;
                                              guava, yellow strawberry; imb[eacute]; imbu; jaboticaba; jujube,
                                              Indian; kwai muk; mangaba; Marian plum; mombin, Malayan; mombin,
                                              purple; monkeyfruit; nance; natal plum; noni; papaya, mountain;
                                              persimmon, Japanese; pomerac; rambai; rose apple; sentul;
                                              starfruit; Surinam cherry; tamarind; uvalha; cultivars, varieties,
                                              and hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                               Crop Subgroup 23C. Palm fruit, edible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date.......................................  A[ccedil]a[iacute]; apak palm; bacaba palm; bacaba-de-leque; date;
                                              doum palm coconut; jelly palm; patau[aacute]; peach palm, fruit;
                                              cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (33) Crop Group 24. Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
Group.
    (i) Representative commodities. Atemoya or sugar apple, avocado,
banana or pomegranate, dragon fruit, lychee, passionfruit, pineapple,
and prickly pear, fruit.
    (ii) Commodities. The following Table 1 lists all commodities
included in Crop Group 24.

  Table 1--Crop Group 24: Tropical and Subtropical Fruit, Inedible Peel
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Commodities                    Related crop  subgroup
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abiu (Pouteria caimito (Ruiz & Pav.) Radlk)...  24B
Aisen (Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam.)......  24A
Akee apple (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig).......  24B
Atemoya (Annona cherimola Mill. X A. squamosa   24C
 L.).
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)..............  24B
Avocado, Guatemalan (Persea americana Mill.     24B
 var. guatemalensis).
Avocado, Mexican (Persea americana Mill. var.   24B
 drymifolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) S. F. Blak).
Avocado, West Indian (Persea americana var.     24B
 americana).
Bacury (Platonia insignis Mart.)..............  24B
Bael fruit (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr[ecirc]a).  24A
Banana (Musa spp.)............................  24B
Banana, dwarf (Musa hybrids; Musa acuminata     24B
 Colla).
Binjai (Mangifera caesia Jack)................  24B
Biriba (Annona mucosa Jacq.)..................  24C
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson)      24C
 Fosberg).
Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.).....  24A
Canistel (Pouteria campechiana (Kunth) Baehni)  24B
Cat's-eyes (Dimocarpus longan Lour. subsp.      24A
 malesianus Leenh.).
Champedak (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.).  24C
Cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.)............  24C
Cupuac[uacute] (Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd.  24B
 Ex Spreng.) K. Schum.).
Custard apple (Annona reticulata L.)..........  24C
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus (Haw.)         24D
 Britton & Rose).
Durian (Durio zibethinus L.)..................  24C
Elephant-apple (Limonia acidissima L.)........  24C
Etambe (Mangifera zeylanica (Blume) Hook. F.).  24B
Granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.).......  24E
Granadilla, giant (Passiflora quadrangularis    24E
 L.).
Ilama (Annona macroprophyllata Donn. Sm.).....  24C
Ing[aacute] (Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis    24A
 (DC.) T. D. Penn.).
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.).....  24C
Jatob[aacute] (Hymenaea courbaril L.).........  24B
Karuka (Pandanus julianettii Martelli)........  24C
Kei apple (Dovyalis caffra (Hook. F. & Harv.)   24B
 Warb.).
Langsat (Lansium domesticum Corr[ecirc]a).....  24B

Lanjut (Mangifera lagenifera Griff.)..........  24B
Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)..............  24C
Lucuma (Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze).  24B
Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)...............  24A
Mabolo (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.).............  24B
Madras-thorn (Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.)      24A
 Benth.).
Mammy-apple (Mammea americana L ).............  24C
Manduro (Balanites maughamii Sprague).........  24A
Mango (Mangifera indica L.)...................  24B
Mango, horse (Mangifera foetida Lour.)........  24B
Mango, Saipan (Mangifera odorata Griff.)......  24B
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L. )..........  24B
Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco)......  24C
Marmaladebox (Genipa americana L.)............  24C
Matisia (Matisia cordata Humb. & Bonpl.)......  24A
Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.).......  24A
Mongongo, fruit (Schinziophyton rautanenii      24A
 (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm).
Monkey-bread-tree (Adansonia digitata L.).....  24C
Monstera (Monstera deliciosa Liebm.)..........  24E
Nicobar-breadfruit (Pandanus leram Jones ex     24C
 Fontana).
Paho (Mangifera altissima Blanco).............  24B
Pandanus (Pandanus utilis Bory)...............  24C
Papaya (Carica papaya L.).....................  24B
Passionflower, winged-stem (Passiflora alata    24E
 Curtis).
Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims).........  24E
Passionfruit, banana (Passiflora tripartita     24E
 var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.
 Jorg.).
Passionfruit, purple (Passiflora edulis Sims    24E
 forma edulis).
Passionfruit, yellow (Passiflora edulis Sims    24E
 forma flavicarpa O. Deg.).
Pawpaw, common (Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal)...  24B
Pawpaw, small-flower (Asimina parviflora        24A
 (Michx.) Dunal).
Pelipisan (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)........  24B
Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess)..........  24B
Pequia (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.)......  24B
Persimmon (American (Diospyros virginiana L.).  24B
Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.).........  24C
Pitahaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F. A. C.       24D
 Weber) Britton & Rose).
Pitaya (Hylocereus sp. Including H.             24D
 megalanthus (H. ocamponis and H. polychizus).
Pitaya, amarilla (Hylocereus triangularis       24D
 Britton & Rose).
Pitaya, roja (Hylocereus ocamponis (Salm-Dyck)  24D
 Britton & Rose).
Pitaya, yellow (Hylocereus megalanthus (K.      24D
 Schum. ex Vaupel) Ralf Bauer).
Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.)................  24B
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)..............  24B
Poshte (Annona liebmanniana Baill.)...........  24B
Prickly pear, fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)  24D
 Mill.).
Prickly pear, Texas, fruit (Opuntia             24D
 engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var.
 lindheimeri (Engelm.) B. D. Parfitt & Pinkav).
Pulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.)      24C
 Leenh.).
Quandong (Santalum acuminatum (R. Br.) DC.)...  24B
Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.).............  24C
Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton   24D
 & Rose).
Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen)....  24C
Sapote, black (Diospyros digyna Jacq.)........  24B
Sapote, green (Pouteria viridis (Pittier)       24B
 Cronquist).
Sapote, mamey (Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.     24C
 Moore & Stearn).
Sapote, white (Casimiroa edulis La Llave &      24B
 Lex).
Sataw (Parkia speciosa Hassk.)................  24B
Satinleaf (Chrysophyllum oliviforme L.).......  24A
Screw-pine (Pandanus tectorius Parkinson).....  24B
Sierra Leone-tamarind (Dialium guineense        24A
 Willd.).
Soncoya (Annona purpurea Moc. & Sess[eacute]    24C
 ex Dunal).
Soursop (Annona muricata L.)..................  24C
Spanish lime (Melicoccus bijugatus Jacq.).....  24A
Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito L.).........  24B
Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.)..............  24C
Sun sapote (Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch)  24C
Tamarind-of-the-Indies (Vangueria               24B
 madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.).
Velvet tamarind (Dialium indum L.)............  24A
Wampi (Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels).......  24A
White star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum G.      24A
 Don).
Wild loquat (Uapaca kirkiana M[uuml]ll. Arg.).  24B
Cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these      ........................
 commodities.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (iii) Table. The following Table 2 identifies the crop subgroups
for Crop Group 24, specifies the representative commodities for each
subgroup, and lists all the commodities included in each subgroup.

                                    Table 2--Crop Group 24: Subgroup Listing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Representative  commodities                                      Commodities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                             Crop Subgroup 24A. Small fruit, inedible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lychee.....................................  Aisen; bael fruit; Burmese grape; cat's eyes; ing[aacute]; lychee;
                                              madras-thorn; manduro; matisia; mesquite; mongongo, fruit; pawpaw,
                                              small-flower; satinleaf; Sierra Leone-tamarind; Spanish lime;
                                              velvet tamarind; wampi; white star apple; cultivars, varieties,
                                              and hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Crop Subgroup 24B. Medium to large fruit, smooth, inedible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Avocado, plus pomegranate or banana........  Abiu; akee apple; avocado; avocado, Guatemalan; avocado, Mexican;
                                              avocado, West Indian; bacury; banana; banana, dwarf; binjai;
                                              canistel; cupuac[uacute]; etambe; jatob[aacute]; kei apple;
                                              langstat; lanjut; lucuma; mabolo; mango; mango, horse; mango,
                                              Saipan; mangosteen; paho; papaya; pawpaw, common; pelipisan;
                                              pequi; pequia; persimmon, American; plantain; pomegranate; poshte;
                                              quandong; sapote, black; sapote, green; sapote, white; sataw;
                                              screw-pine; star apple; tamarind-of-the-Indies; wild loquat;
                                              cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Crop Subgroup 24C. Medium to large fruit, rough or hairy, inedible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pineapple, plus Atemoya or sugar apple.....  Atemoya; biriba; breadfruit; champedak; cherimoya; custard apple;
                                              durian; elephant-apple; ilama; jackfruit; karuka; longan; mammy-
                                              apple; marmalade-box; marang; monkey-bread tree; nicobar-
                                              breadfruit; pandanus; pineapple; pulasan; rambutan; sapodilla;
                                              sapote, mamey; soncoya; soursop; sugar apple; sun sapote;
                                              cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                Crop Subgroup 24D. Cactus, inedible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dragon fruit and Prickly pear fruit........  Dragon fruit; pitahaya; pitaya; pitaya amarilla; pitaya roja;
                                              pitaya, yellow; prickly pear, fruit; prickly pear, Texas, fruit;
                                              saguaro; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Crop Subgroup 24E. Vine, inedible peel subgroup
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Passionfruit...............................  Granadilla; granadilla, giant; monstera; passionflower, winged-
                                              stem; passionfruit; passionfruit, banana; passionfruit, purple;
                                              passionfruit, yellow; cultivars, varieties, and hybrids of these
                                              commodities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[FR Doc. 2014-26661 Filed 11-13-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P