[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 121 (Friday, June 22, 2012)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 37587-37600]
[FR Doc No: 2012-15030]

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DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, and 1926

[Docket No. OSHA-2011-0184]
RIN 1218-AC65

Updating OSHA Standards Based on National Consensus Standards;
Head Protection

AGENCY: Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
Department of Labor.

ACTION: Direct final rule; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: OSHA is issuing this direct final rule to revise the personal
protective equipment (PPE) sections of its general industry, shipyard
employment, longshoring, and marine terminals standards regarding
requirements for head protection. OSHA is updating the references in
its standards to recognize the 2009 edition of the American National
Standard for Industrial Head Protection, and is deleting the 1986
edition of that national consensus standard because it is out of date.
OSHA also is including the construction industry in this rulemaking to
ensure consistency among the Agency's standards. OSHA is publishing a
proposed rule in today's Federal Register taking this same action.

DATES: This direct final rule will become effective on September 20,
2012 unless OSHA receives a significant adverse comment by July 23,
2012. If OSHA receives a significant adverse comment, it will publish a
timely withdrawal of the rule in the Federal Register. Submit comments
to this direct final rule (including comments to the information-
collection (paperwork) determination described under the section titled
Procedural Determinations), hearing requests, and

other information by July 23, 2012. All submissions must bear a
postmark or provide other evidence of the submission date. (The
following section titled ADDRESSES describes methods available for
making submissions.)
    The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of specific publications listed in this direct final rule as
of September 20, 2012.

ADDRESSES: Submit comments, hearing requests, and other information as
follows:
     Electronic. Submit comments electronically to http://www.regulations.gov, which is the Federal eRulemaking Portal. Follow
the instructions online for submitting comments.
     Facsimile. OSHA allows facsimile transmission of comments
and hearing requests that are 10 pages or fewer in length (including
attachments). Send these documents to the OSHA Docket Office at (202)
693-1648; OSHA does not require hard copies of these documents. Instead
of transmitting facsimile copies of attachments that supplement these
documents (e.g., studies, journal articles), commenters must submit
these attachments to the OSHA Docket Office, Technical Data Center,
Room N-2625, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave. NW.,
Washington, DC 20210. These attachments must clearly identify the
sender's name, date, subject, and docket number (i.e., OSHA-2011-0184)
so that the Agency can attach them to the appropriate document.
     Regular mail, express delivery, hand (courier) delivery,
and messenger service. Submit comments and any additional material
(e.g., studies, journal articles) to the OSHA Docket Office, Docket No.
OSHA-2011-0184 or RIN No. 1218-AC65, Technical Data Center, Room N-
2625, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave. NW.,
Washington, DC 20210; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>. (OSHA's TTY number is
(877) 889-5627.) Note that security-related procedures may result in
significant delays in receiving comments and other written materials by
regular mail. Please contact the OSHA Docket Office for information
about security procedures concerning delivery of materials by express
delivery, hand delivery, and messenger service. The hours of operation
for the OSHA Docket Office are 8:15 a.m. to 4:45 p.m., e.t.
     Instructions. All submissions must include the Agency name
and the OSHA docket number (i.e., OSHA Docket No. OSHA-2011-0184). OSHA
will place comments and other material, including any personal
information, in the public docket without revision, and these materials
will be available online at http://www.regulations.gov. Therefore, the
Agency cautions commenters about submitting statements they do not want
made available to the public, or submitting comments that contain
personal information (either about themselves or others) such as Social
Security numbers, birth dates, and medical data.
    OSHA requests comments on all issues related to this direct final
rule. It also welcomes comments on its findings that this direct final
rule would have no negative economic, paperwork, or other regulatory
impacts on the regulated community. This direct final rule is the
companion document to a notice of proposed rulemaking published in the
``Proposed Rules'' section of today's Federal Register. If OSHA
receives no significant adverse comment on this direct final rule, it
will publish a Federal Register notice confirming the effective date of
this direct final rule and withdrawing the companion proposed rule. The
confirmation may include minor stylistic or technical corrections to
the document. For the purpose of judicial review, OSHA considers the
date that it confirms the effective date of the direct final rule to be
the date of issuance. However, if the Agency receives significant
adverse comment on the direct final rule or proposal, OSHA will publish
a timely withdrawal of this direct final rule and proceed with the
proposed rule, which addresses the same revisions to its head
protection standards.
     Docket. The electronic docket for this direct final rule
established at http://www.regulations.gov lists most of the documents
in the docket. However, some information (e.g., copyrighted material)
is not publicly available to read or download through this Web site.
All submissions, including copyrighted material, are accessible at the
OSHA Docket Office. Contact the OSHA Docket Office for assistance in
locating docket submissions.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
    General information and press inquiries: Contact Frank Meilinger,
OSHA Office of Communications, Room N-3647, U.S. Department of Labor,
200 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20210; telephone: (202) 693-
1999.
    Technical inquiries: Contact Kenneth Stevanus, Directorate of
Standards and Guidance, Room N-3609, OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor,
200 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20210; telephone: (202) 693-
2260; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Copies of this Federal Register notice. Electronic copies of this
Federal Register rule are available at http://www.regulations.gov. This
Federal Register notice, as well as news releases and other relevant
information, also are available at OSHA's Web page at  http://www.osha.gov.
    Availability of Incorporated Standards. With the approval of the
Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part
51, OSHA is incorporating by reference into the section the standards
published by the International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA) to
which Sec. Sec.  1910.135(b)(1), 1915.155(b)(1), 1917.93(b)(1),
1918.103(b)(1), and 1926.100(b) refer. To enforce any edition other
than the editions specified by Sec. Sec.  1910.135(b)(1),
1915.155(b)(1), 1917.93(b)(1), 1918.103(b)(1), and 1926.100(b), OSHA
must publish a notice of change in the Federal Register, and the
material must be available to the public. All approved material is
available for inspection at the National Archives and Records
Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this
material at NARA, telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. Also, the material is available for inspection at any
OSHA Regional Office or the OSHA Docket Office (U.S. Department of
Labor, 200 Constitution Ave. NW., Room N-2625, Washington, DC 20210;
telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER> (TTY number:<PHONE_NUMBER>)).

Table of Contents

I. Background
II. Direct Final Rulemaking
III. Summary and Explanation of Revisions to the Head Protection
Standards
    A. Updating the General Industry and Maritime Industry Standards
    B. Updating the Construction Industry Standard
IV. Procedural Determinations
    A. Legal Considerations
    B. Final Economic Analysis and Regulatory Flexibility Act
Certification
    C. OMB Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995
    D. Federalism
    E. State-Plan States
    F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995
    G. Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
    H. Consultation With the Advisory Committee on Construction
Safety and Health
V. Authority and Signature

I. Background

    Subpart I of OSHA's general industry standards contains design
requirements for head protection (see 29 CFR 1910.135). OSHA has
similar requirements in subpart I of part 1915 (Shipyard Employment),
subpart E of part 1917 (Marine Terminals), subpart J of part 1918
(Longshoring), and subpart E of part 1926 (Construction). The general
industry and maritime rules require that the specified head protection
comply with national consensus standards incorporated by reference into
the OSHA standards unless the employer demonstrates that non-specified
head-protection equipment is at least as effective in protecting
workers as equipment that complies with the incorporated national
consensus standard. (See 29 CFR 1910.135(b)(2); 1915.155(b)(2);
1917.93(b)(2); 1918.103(b)(2).) These design provisions are part of
comprehensive requirements to ensure that employees use personal
protective equipment that will protect them from hazards in the
workplace.
    As discussed in a previous Federal Register notice (69 FR 68283),
OSHA is undertaking a series of projects to update its standards to
incorporate the latest versions of national consensus and industry
standards. These projects include updating or removing national
consensus and industry standards referenced in existing OSHA standards,
updating regulatory text of standards adopted directly by OSHA from the
language of outdated consensus standards, and, when appropriate,
replacing specific references to outdated national consensus and
industry standards with performance-oriented requirements.
    On May 17, 2007, OSHA published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
(NPRM) (72 FR 27771) entitled ``Updating OSHA Standards Based on
National Consensus Standards; Personal Protective Equipment.'' The NPRM
did not propose to revise construction industry standards covering
personal protective equipment. The Agency received approximately 25
comments on the NPRM. On December 4, 2007, OSHA held an informal public
hearing and received testimony from nine witnesses. Several of the
commenters (Exs. OSHA-2007-0044-0021 and -0034) and witnesses (Tr. at
18-19 and 51-52) questioned the Agency's decision not to include the
construction industry in this rulemaking. OSHA responded at the hearing
that it decided not to include the construction industry because of the
size of the undertaking and OSHA's limited resources (Tr. at 18-19;
see, also, 74 FR 46352).
    On September 9, 2009, OSHA published the final rule (74 FR 46350),
which became effective October 9, 2009. However, OSHA did not include
in the final rule a reference to the 2009 edition of the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard for industrial head
protection (ANSI Z89.1) because this edition was not available to OSHA
prior to the date (February 8, 2008) the administrative law judge who
presided over the hearing closed the rulemaking record.
    This direct final rule will update the references in 29 CFR
1910.135(b)(1), 1915.155(b)(1), 1917.93(b)(1), and 1918.103(b)(1) to
recognize the 2009 edition of ANSI Z89.1, which is the most recent
version of that standard. These revisions will allow use of helmets
that comply with the three most recent editions of the consensus
standard.
    In addition, this direct final rule will remove the current
references to ANSI Z89.1-1969 and ANSI Z89.2-1971 in 29 CFR 1926.100(b)
and (c), and replace these outdated head protection references with the
same three editions of ANSI Z89.1 referenced in the general industry
and maritime industry standards. This action addresses the comments
received during the initial rulemaking cited above, and will ensure
consistency in the Agency's standards. By making the requirements of
OSHA's head protection standards consistent with the Agency's other
standards and with current industry practices, the direct final rule
will eliminate confusion and clarify employer obligations, while
providing up-to-date protection for workers exposed to falling objects.

II. Direct Final Rulemaking

    In a direct-final rulemaking, an agency publishes a direct final
rule in the Federal Register along with a statement that the rule will
become effective unless the agency receives significant adverse comment
within a specified period. The agency also publishes concurrently with
the direct final rule an identical proposed rule. If the agency
receives no significant adverse comment, the direct final rule becomes
effective. If, however, the agency receives significant adverse
comment, the agency withdraws the direct final rule and treats the
comments as submissions on the proposed rule.
    OSHA uses direct final rules because it expects the rulemaking to
be noncontroversial; provide protection to employees that is at least
equivalent to the protection afforded to them by the outdated standard
development organization standard; and impose no significant new
compliance costs on employers (69 FR 68283, 68285). OSHA used direct
final rules previously to update or, when appropriate, revoke
references to outdated national consensus standards in OSHA rules (see,
e.g., 69 FR 68283, 70 FR 76979, 71 FR 80843, and 76 FR 75782).
    For purposes of the direct final rule, a significant adverse
comment is one that explains why the rule would be inappropriate,
including challenges to the rule's underlying premise or approach. In
determining whether a comment necessitates withdrawal of the direct
final rule, OSHA will consider whether the comment raises an issue
serious enough to warrant a substantive response in a notice-and-
comment process. OSHA will not consider a comment recommending
additional revisions to a rule to be a significant adverse comment
unless the comment states why the direct final rule would be
ineffective without the revisions. If OSHA receives a timely
significant adverse comment, the Agency will publish a Federal Register
notice withdrawing the direct final rule no later than 60 days after
the publication date of the notice.
    This direct-final rulemaking furthers the objectives of Executive
Order 13563, which requires that the regulatory process ``promote
predictability and reduce uncertainty'' and ``identify and use the
best, most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving
regulatory ends.'' As described below in this Federal Register notice,
the revisions will make the requirements of OSHA's Head Protection
standards consistent with current industry practices, thereby
eliminating confusion and clarifying employer obligations. OSHA
believes that these revisions do not compromise the safety of
employees, but will enhance employee protection. Therefore, the Agency
believes that updating and replacing the national consensus standards
in its head protection standards is consistent with, and promotes the
objectives of, Executive Order 13563.

III. Summary and Explanation of Revisions to the Head Protection
Standards

A. Updating the General Industry and Maritime Industry Standards

    OSHA published the previous revision of the general industry and
maritime head protection standards on September 9, 2009 (74 FR 46350),
which became effective October 9, 2009. These revised standards permit
compliance

with ANSI Z89.1-2003, ANSI Z89.1-1997, or ANSI Z89.1-1986. Since OSHA
published the previous revision, ANSI Z89.1-2009 has become available.
This rulemaking will update the references in 29 CFR 1910.135(b)(1),
1915.155(b)(1), 1917.93(b)(1), and 1918.103(b)(1) to recognize the 2009
edition of ANSI Z89.1.
    To determine the differences between the 2009 and 2003 editions of
ANSI Z89.1, the Agency prepared a side-by-side comparison of the two
editions; Table 1 provides the results of this comparison. As this
table shows, the differences between these two editions of the
consensus standard are the provisions in the 2009 edition permitting
optional testing for helmets worn in the backwards position (``reverse
wearing''), optional testing for helmets at colder temperatures than
provided in previous editions, and optional testing for the high-
visibility coloring of helmets. If manufacturers choose to evaluate
their helmets using any of these three testing options, and the helmets
pass the specified tests, then the manufacturer may mark the helmets
accordingly. Section 7.3.1 of ANSI Z89.1-2009 adds the reverse-wearing
testing option; various other sections include instructions regarding,
or references to, the reverse-wearing testing option. Section 7.3.2 of
the consensus standard adds the high-visibility testing option, and
Table 1 of the consensus standard provides information about color
measurements; various other sections of the consensus standard include
instructions regarding, or references to, optional high-visibility
testing. Section <IP_ADDRESS>.1 of the consensus standard describes the
preconditioning necessary to conduct helmet testing at lower
temperatures than specified in previous editions of the consensus
standard, and various other sections of the consensus standard contain
additional information about such testing.

  Table 1--Differences Between ANSI Z89.1-2003 and ANSI Z89.1-2009 \1\
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 Section No.  in ANSI  Z-
        89.1-2009                    Description of differences
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3........................  Adds definitions of ``manufacturer'' and
                            ``test plaque.'' Removes definitions of
                            ``cap'' and ``hat.''
4........................  Adds a requirement that manufacturers mark
                            helmets that meet the reverse-wearing
                            requirements with a reverse-wearing mark.
4.3......................  Adds a new, optional section, ``Reverse
                            Wearing,'' that explains that reverse-
                            wearing helmets must pass all testing
                            requirements whether worn facing frontwards
                            or backwards.
6.1......................  Adds a requirement that manufacturer's
                            instructions for helmets include
                            instructions for reverse wearing if
                            applicable.
6.2......................  Adds instructions for marking helmets tested
                            for reverse-donning, lower-temperature, and
                            high-visibility capabilities.
7.3.1....................  Adds new, optional section, ``Reverse
                            Wearing,'' that permits marking helmets with
                            the reverse-wearing symbol if those helmets
                            pass specified tests when mounted in the
                            reverse-wearing position.
7.3.2....................  Adds new, optional section, ``High-
                            Visibility,'' that permits marking helmets
                            ``HV'' if those helmets have chromaticity
                            and a total luminance factor at specified
                            levels.
Table 1..................  Adds new table, ``Color, High-Visibility
                            Helmets,'' specifying the levels of
                            referenced by 7.3.2.
8.1.2....................  In this section, which addresses what
                            headform size to use in testing, adds a
                            provision that requires the testing facility
                            to decide the most suitable size if the
                            manufacturer does not do so.
8.1.3....................  Adds a requirement that the testing facility
                            establish a separate dynamic test line (DTL)
                            for samples tested in the reverse-wearing
                            position.
8.2.1....................  Adds a requirement that the testing facility
                            use a minimum of 36 test samples in
                            compliance testing for helmets marked for
                            reverse wearing.
8.3.1....................  Adds instructions for positioning reverse-
                            wearing samples for DTL marking.
<IP_ADDRESS>.1................  Adds new section, ``Lower Temperatures,''
                            that describes an optional procedure for
                            preconditioning helmet samples at cold
                            temperatures prior to testing.
9.2.2....................  Removes ``vertical guard rail'' from the list
                            of components that comprise the test
                            apparatus used in force-transmission
                            testing.
9.2.3....................  For mounting samples for force-transmission
                            testing, adds an instruction that the sample
                            shall be ``oriented in the normal wearing
                            position.'' Also adds instructions for
                            mounting samples in the reverse-wearing
                            position in preparation for force-
                            transmission testing.
9.3.2....................  Removes ``vertical guard rail'' from the list
                            of components that comprise the test
                            apparatus used in apex-penetration testing.
9.4.2....................  Removes ``vertical guard rail'' from the list
                            of components that comprise the test
                            apparatus used in impact-energy attenuation
                            testing.
<IP_ADDRESS>..................  For mounting samples for impact-energy
                            attenuation testing, adds an instruction
                            that ``[t]he test sample shall be mounted in
                            its normal wearing position on the headform
                            with the STL parallel to the basic plane of
                            the headform.'' Adds instructions for
                            mounting samples in the reverse-wearing
                            position in preparation for impact-energy
                            attenuation testing.
9.5.3....................  For mounting samples before off-center
                            penetration testing, adds an instruction
                            that the sample shall be ``oriented in the
                            normal wearing position.'' Adds instructions
                            for mounting samples in the reverse-wearing
                            position in preparation for off-center
                            penetration testing.
9.8......................  Adds a new section, ``High-Visibility
                            Testing,'' that explains how to prepare a
                            test sample for high-visibility testing, and
                            how to measure the color of that sample.
10.......................  Moves the section ``Normative References,''
                            which appeared in ANSI Z89.1-2003 as
                            Appendix E, to the main text. Adds ``ASTM
                            E1164-02 Colorimetry--Standard Practice for
                            Obtaining Spectrophotometric Data for Object-
                            Color Evaluation'' to the list of referenced
                            standards.
Table 3--Schedule of       Revises Table 2 of ANSI Z89.1-2003 by:
 Tests.                     Replacing various entries labeled ``Cold''
                            with ``Cold or Lower Temperature''; for
                            samples tested in the reverse-wearing
                            position, adding entries force-transmission,
                            impact-energy attenuation, and off-center
                            penetration testing; and adding to the
                            second, narrative page information about
                            testing in the reverse-wearing position for
                            Type I and Type II helmets.
Appendices...............  Adds the title ``Appendices'' and a notation
                            that ``[t]he following appendices [are] not
                            part of American National Standard ANSI/ISEA
                            Z89.1-2009, but are included for information
                            only.''
Appendix A...............  Adds a statement to paragraph A7 that
                            ``[h]elmet decorations should not be used to
                            obscure dents, cracks, non-manufactured
                            holes, other penetrations, burns or other
                            damages.''
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This table provides only a summary of the differences between these
  two standards, and may not describe completely all of the differences
  between the standards or the content of any provision of the
  standards. Consult the published versions of the standards for an
  accurate determination of the differences between the standards.

    As shown in the comparison provided in Table 1, ANSI Z89.1-2009
also includes other differences from ANSI Z89.1-2003. These differences
include: (1) Removing the definitions of ``cap'' and ``hat'' from the
2003 edition and inserting definitions of ``manufacturer'' and ``test
plaque'' in the 2009 edition; (2) permitting the testing facility to
determine an appropriate size of the headform if the manufacturer did
not specify the size; (3) requiring orientation of test samples in the
normal wearing position when conducting various test procedures; and
(4) removing vertical guard rails from the lists of necessary
components for specified test equipment.
    OSHA believes that it is consistent with the usual and customary
practice of employers in the general and maritime industries to require
use of head protection that complies with the 1997, 2003, or 2009
editions of ANSI Z89.1. Therefore, the Agency determined that
incorporating ANSI Z89.1-2009 into 29 CFR 1910.135(b)(1),
1915.155(b)(1), 1917.93(b)(1), and 1918.103(b)(1) will not add a
compliance burden for employers. OSHA invites the public to comment on
whether the revisions in the 2009 edition of the consensus standard
represent current industry practice.

B. Updating the Construction Industry Standard

    The 2009 revision to the general industry and maritime industry
personal protective equipment standards did not address the
construction standards requiring personal protective equipment.
Therefore, the construction standards at 29 CFR 1926.100(b) and (c)
still require compliance with ANSI Z89.1-1969 and ANSI Z89.2-1971,
respectively. These consensus standards, which set forth requirements
regarding different types of helmets now both addressed in Z89.1, are
out of date.\1\
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    \1\ As noted earlier in Section I (``Background'') in this
Federal Register notice, OSHA did not include the construction
industry in the previous rulemaking that updated the head-protection
standards because of the size of the undertaking and OSHA's limited
resources.
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    In view of the limited useful life of protective helmets and the
length of time (over 40 years) since OSHA last updated these standards,
the Agency believes that no protective helmets currently are available
or in use that manufacturers tested in accordance with the requirements
of ANSI Z89.1-1969 and ANSI Z89.2-1971. To bring the construction
standard up to date and to ensure consistency across OSHA standards,
OSHA is amending 29 CFR 1926.6 and 1926.100 to permit compliance with
ANSI Z89.1-1997, ANSI Z89.1-2003, or ANSI Z89.1-2009.
    In reviewing ANSI Z89.1-2009, the Agency prepared side-by-side
comparisons of the 2009 edition of ANSI Z89.1 with the 1969 edition of
ANSI Z89.1 and the 1971 edition of ANSI Z89.2; Table 2 provides the
results of these comparisons. Z89.1-1969 addresses protective helmets
of all types, except those helmets that protect employees from high-
voltage electric shock and burns. ANSI Z89.2-1971 addresses protective
helmets that protect employees from high-voltage electric shock and
burns. ANSI subsequently combined the testing requirements of these
standards in the 1997, 2003, and 2009 editions of ANSI Z89.1;
therefore, these editions of ANSI Z89.1 address all types of helmets,
including helmets that protect employees from falling object and
electrical hazards.
    As Table 2 demonstrates, the 2009 edition of the ANSI Z89.1 differs
from ANSI Z89.1-1969 and ANSI Z89.2-1971. The 2009 edition defines Type
I and Type II helmets by the areas of the head to which the helmets
afford protection, rather than by whether the helmets have a brim. The
2009 edition also renames the classes of helmets tested for protection
against electrical hazards (i.e., classes G, E, and C instead of A, B,
and C), although it still bases helmet classification on the capacity
of the helmet to protect employees from electrical hazards. In
addition, the 2009 edition eliminates a fourth class of helmets used in
fire fighting. Many requirements included in the 1969 and 1971
editions, such as requirements specifying the type of material
manufacturers must use when making different components and
specifications regarding helmet accessories, no longer appear in the
2009 edition. Most importantly, ANSI revised the performance
requirements and test methods. Accordingly, the 2009 edition includes
fundamental updates such as more and different types of test methods,
and the use of different equipment for performing these test methods.
Other variations between the 2009 and 1969 and 1971 editions emanate
from these fundamental updates.

            Table 2--Differences Between ANSI Z89.1-2009 and ANSI Z89.1-1969 and ANSI Z89.2-1971 \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
          ANSI Z-89.1-2009                       ANSI Z89.1-1969                       ANSI Z89.2-1971
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1 Scope--Explains that the          1 Scope--Explains that the standard   1.1 Scope--Explains that the
 standard describes Types and          establishes specifications for        standard establishes specifications
 Classes, as well as testing and       helmets that protect the heads of     for helmets to protect the heads of
 performance requirements for          occupational workers from impact      electrical workers from impact and
 protective helmets.                   and penetration from falling and      penetration from falling or flying
                                       flying objects, and from limited      objects, and from high-voltage
                                       electric shock and burn, but does     electric shock and burn.
                                       not include high-voltage protective
                                       helmets.
1.2 Purpose--Explains that the        No purpose section.                   1.2 Purpose--Explains that the
 standard establishes minimum                                                standard contains general,
 performance requirements for                                                detailed, and physical requirements
 protective helmets that reduce the                                          for the procurement of helmets that
 forces of impact and penetration,                                           afford optimum protection for
 and that may provide protection                                             electrical workers, and includes
 from electric shock.                                                        supplemental safety requirements
                                                                             recommended for authorities
                                                                             considering establishing
                                                                             regulations or codes concerning the
                                                                             use of protective helmets for
                                                                             electrical workers.
1.3 Limitations--Explains the         No limitations section.               No limitations section.
 limitations of protective helmets
 that meet the requirements of the
 standard in preventing injuries.

2 Compliance--Provides that ``[a]ny   No compliance section.                No compliance section.
 statement(s) of compliance with
 this standard shall mean that the
 product meets all applicable
 requirements for the Type and
 Class. It is specifically intended
 that partial utilization of this
 standard is prohibited.''
3 Definitions--Does not define        2 Definitions--Provides definitions   2 Definitions--Same definitions as
 ``sweatband'' or ``winter liner.''    for ``brim,'' ``chin strap,''         ANSI Z89.1-1969.
 Modifies slightly the definitions     ``crown straps,'' ``headband,''
 of ``brim,'' ``crown strap,'' and     ``helmet,'' ``nape strap,''
 ``headband.'' Modifies the            ``peak,'' ``shell,''
 definitions of ``chin straps,''       ``suspension,'' ``sweatband,'' and
 ``helmet,'' ``nape strap,''           ``winter liner.''
 ``peak,'' ``shell,'' and
 ``suspension.'' Adds definitions of
 ``accessory,'' ``apex,'' ``basic
 plane,'' ``dynamic test line
 (DTL),'' ``flammability,''
 ``harness,'' ``manufacturer,''
 ``midsagittal plane,''
 ``positioning index,''
 ``projection,'' ``protective
 padding,'' ``reference plane,''
 ``reference headform,'' ``shall,''
 ``should,'' ``static test line
 (STL),'' ``test line,'' and ``test
 plaque.'' Removes definitions of
 ``sweatband'' and ``winter liner.''
4 Types and Classes--Classifies       3 Types and Classes--Lists the        3 Types and Classes--Lists the
 helmets as either as Type I or Type   following types and classes: Type     following types and class: Type 1--
 II, and either as meeting the Class   1--Helmet, full brim, Type 2--        Helmet, full brim, Type 2--Helmet,
 G, E, or C electrical requirements.   Helmet, brimless, with peak, Class    brimless with peak, and Class B--
 Also notes that manufacturers must    A--Limited voltage protection,        High-voltage protection. No
 mark helmets meeting the reverse-     Class C--No voltage protection, and   provisions comparable to 4.1 and
 wearing requirements accordingly.     Class D--Limited voltage              4.2 of ANSI Z89.1-2009.
4.1 Defines Type 1--helmets as         protection, Fire Fighters' Service,
 helmets ``intended to reduce the      Type 1, only. No provisions
 force of impact resulting from a      comparable to 4.1 and 4.2 of ANSI
 blow only to the top of the head,''   Z89.1-2009.
 and Type 2 helmets as helmets
 ``intended to reduce the force of
 impact resulting from a blow to the
 top or sides of the head.''
4.2 Defines Class G (General)
 helmets as helmets ``intended to
 reduce the danger of contact with
 low voltage conductors,'' Class E
 (Electrical) helmets as helmets
 ``intended to reduce the danger of
 contact with higher voltage
 conductors,'' and Class C
 (Conductive) helmets as helmets
 ``not intended to provide
 protection against contact with
 electrical hazards.''
4.3 Reverse Wearing--Helmets          No reverse wearing option.            No reverse wearing option.
 manufactured for reverse wearing
 must pass all optional testing
 requirements whether worn facing
 forward or backwards in accordance
 with the manufacturers'
 instructions.
No materials section.                 4 Materials--Provides general         No materials section.
                                       specifications regarding materials
                                       used in helmets, such materials
                                       that are water resistant, slow
                                       burning, non-irritating to normal
                                       skin, and, for Class D helmets,
                                       fire resistant.
No recommended supplemental           No recommended supplemental           4 Recommended Supplemental
 requirements section.                 requirements section.                 Requirements--Describes
                                                                             requirements recommended for
                                                                             authorities considering
                                                                             establishing regulations or codes
                                                                             concerning the use of protective
                                                                             helmets for electrical workers,
                                                                             including when helmets are
                                                                             necessary, what minimum
                                                                             requirements they should meet, etc.
No general requirements section.      5 General Requirements--Sets forth    5 General Requirements--Sets forth
                                       requirements regarding pieces of      requirements regarding pieces of
                                       protective helmets, including its     protective helmets, including its
                                       shell (5.1), headband (5.2),          shell (5.2), headband (5.3),
                                       sweatband (5.2.1), and crown straps   sweatband (5.3.1), and crown straps
                                       (5.3).                                (5.4).
5 Accessories--Provides that          5.4 Accessories--Sets forth           5.5 Accessories--Sets forth
 ``[a]ccessories installed by the      requirements regarding specific       requirements regarding specific
 manufacturer shall not cause the      helmet accessories: chin strap and    helmet accessories: chin strap and
 helmet to fail the requirements of    nape strap (5.4.1.), winter liners    nape strap (5.5.1), winter liners
 this standard.''                      (5.4.2), face shields and welding     (5.5.2), and face shields (5.5.3).
                                       helmets (5.4.3), and lamp brackets
                                       (5.4.4).

6.1 Instructions--Requires            5.5 Instructions--Provides that       5.6 Instructions--Provides only that
 instructions ``explaining the         ``[e]ach helmet shall be              ``[e]ach helmet shall be
 proper method of size adjustment,     accompanied by instructions           accompanied by instructions
 use, care, useful service life        explaining the proper method of       explaining the proper method of
 guidelines and, if applicable,        adjusting the suspension and          adjusting the suspension and
 reverse wearing.''                    headband.''                           headband.''
6.2 Marking--Requires that            5.6 Marking--Requires that            5.7 Marking--Requires only that
 manufacturers permanently mark        manufacturers mark helmets with the   helmets be marked with the name of
 helmets with the name of the          name of the manufacturer, ``ANSI      the manufacturer, ``ANSI Z89.2-
 manufacturer, the date of             Z89.1-1969,'' and the Class.          1971,'' and ``Class B.'' Specifies
 manufacture, ``ANSI/ISEA Z89.1,''     Specifies the minimum size of the     the minimum size of the markings.
 the Type and Class designations and   markings.
 any applicable optional marking
 criteria, and the approximate
 headsize range. Specifies the
 minimum size of the markings.
No separate, detailed requirements    6 Detailed Requirements--Provides     6 Detailed Requirements--Provides
 section.                              additional, specific requirements     additional, specific requirements
                                       regarding the helmet's shell (6.1),   regarding the helmet's shell (6.1),
                                       headband (6.2), sweatband (6.2.1),    headband (6.2), sweatband (6.2.1),
                                       and crown straps (6.3).               and crown straps (6.3).
7 Performance Requirements--Sets      7 Physical Requirements--Sets forth   7 Physical Requirements--Sets forth
 forth test results required when      test results required when testing    test results required when testing
 testing facilities test Type I and    facilities test Class A, Class C,     facilities test Class B helmets for
 Type II helmets for flammability      and Class D helmets, as applicable,   insulation resistance (7.1), impact
 (7.1.1), force transmission           for insulation resistance (not        resistance (7.2), penetration
 (7.1.2), apex penetration (7.1.3),    applicable to Class C helmets)        resistance (7.3), weight (7.4),
 and electrical insulation             (7.1), impact resistance (7.2),       flammability (7.5), and water
 properties for Class G (<IP_ADDRESS>)      penetration resistance (7.3),         absorption (7.6).
 and Class E (<IP_ADDRESS>) ratings.        weight (7.4), flammability (7.5),
 Additional testing for Type II        and water absorption (7.6).
 helmets for impact-energy
 attenuation (7.2.1), off-center
 penetration (7.2.2), and chin-strap
 retention (7.2.3). Requirements for
 optional testing of reverse-wearing
 helmets (7.3.1) and high-visibility
 helmets (7.3.2).
8 Selection and Preparation of Test   8 Methods of Test                     Methods of Test
 Samples
8.1 Headforms--Provides instructions  8.1 Preparation of Samples--Requires  8.1 Preparation of Samples--Requires
 regarding the materials and size of   that, for insulation resistance and   that, for insulation resistance and
 headforms the testing facility is     water absorption tests, the testing   water absorption tests, the testing
 to use in each type of test;          facility remove any coating over      facility remove any coating over
 explains that reference test lines    the sample helmets. Provides          the sample helmets. Provides
 are necessary; and notes that         temperatures and, in cases of         temperatures and, in cases of
 various attached figures show the     disagreement, humidity levels at      disagreement, humidity levels at
 manner in which testing facilities    which testing must occur.             which testing must occur.
 are to mount headforms in
 preparation for each type of test.
8.2 Test Samples--Explains how many
 samples are necessary for testing,
 refers to Table 3 for the order of
 testing, and provides temperatures
 and, in cases of disagreements,
 humidity levels at which testing
 must occur.
8.3 Test Sample Markings--Requires
 the testing facility to mark test
 samples to indicate the location of
 reference test lines, and describes
 procedures for marking the dynamic
 test line (DTL) and static test
 line (STL).
8.4 Helmet Preconditioning--
 Describes procedures for
 preconditioning test samples in
 hot, cold, optional lower
 temperatures, and wet conditions;
 this section also provides time
 limits after preconditioning for
 the test facility to conduct
 impact, penetration, and chin-strap
 retention tests.

9 Test Methods                        8 Methods of Test--See Section 8.5    8 Methods of Test--See Section 8.5
9.1 Flammability--For flammability     (``Flammability'') below.             (``Flammability Test'') below.
 testing, describes the method for    8.2 Insulation Resistance Test--      8.2 Insulation Resistance Test--
 preparing (marking) test samples,     Describes components of the test      Describes components of the test
 components of the test apparatus,     apparatus, mounting specimens, test   apparatus, mounting of specimens,
 calibration, test procedures, and     procedures, and reporting results.    test procedures, and reporting
 recording results.                   8.3 Impact Resistance Tests--          results.
9.2 Force Transmission--For force-     Describes components of the test     8.3 Impact Resistance Tests--
 transmission testing, describes the   apparatus, mounting specimens, test   Describes components of the test
 test method for preparing             procedures, and reporting results.    apparatus, mounting specimens, test
 (conditioning) test samples,         8.4 Penetration Resistance--           procedures for the impact-
 components of the test apparatus,     Describes the components of the       absorption test and mechanical-
 mounting samples, calibration, test   test apparatus, mounting specimens,   proof test, and reporting results.
 procedures, and recording results.    test procedures, and reporting       8.4 Penetration Resistance Test--
9.3 Apex Penetration--Describes the    results.                              Describes the components of the
 test method for preparing            8.5 Flammability--Describes the test   test apparatus, mounting specimens,
 (conditioning) test samples,          method to determine conformance       test procedures, and reporting
 components of the test apparatus,     with 7.5 (using ASTM D635-68),        results.
 mounting samples, calibration, test   preparing specimens, mounting        8.5 Flammability Test--Describes the
 procedures, and recording results.    specimens, test procedure, and        test method to determine
9.4 Impact Energy Attenuation--        reporting results.                    conformance with 7.5 (using ANSI
 Describes methods for preparing      8.6 Water Absorption--Describes the    K.65.21-1969/ASTM D 635-1969, and
 (marking and conditioning) test       components of the test apparatus,     provides instructions for reporting
 samples, components of the test       mounting specimens, test              results.
 apparatus, methods for mounting       procedures, and reporting results.   8.6 Water Absorption Test--Describes
 samples, the impact anvil, the test                                         the components of the test
 headform, the accelerometer,                                                apparatus, mounting specimens, test
 calibration, test procedures, and                                           procedures, and reporting results.
 recording results.
9.5 Off Center Penetration--
 Describes methods for preparing
 (marking and conditioning) test
 samples, components of the test
 apparatus, methods for mounting
 samples, calibration, test
 procedures, and recording results.
9.6 Chin Strap Retention (Type II
 only)--Describes methods for
 preparing (conditioning) test
 samples, components of the test
 apparatus, calibration, test
 procedures, and recording results.
9.7 Electrical Insulation--Describes  See Section 8.2 (``Insulation         See Section 8.2 (``Insulation
 methods for preparing test samples    Resistance Test'') above.             Resistance Test'') above.
 (for Class E only, force-
 transmission test, one conditioned
 hot and one conditioned cold),
 components of the test apparatus,
 calibration, test procedures
 (separately for Class G and Class E
 helmets), and recording results.
9.8 High-Visibility Testing--
 Describes procedures for sampling
 and conditioning test plaques, and
 determining color.
10 Normative References--Provides     No section on reference standards.    9 Revision of American National
 complete citations for standards on                                         Standards Referred to in This
 colorimetry, headforms, and                                                 Document--Notes that recently
 instrumentation referenced in ANSI                                          published ANSI standards supersede
 Z89.1-2009.                                                                 the ANSI standards on flammability
                                                                             testing, and eye and face
                                                                             protection, referenced in ANSI
                                                                             Z89.2-1971.
Table 1--Color, High-Visibility       No comparable table.                  No comparable table.
 Helmets--Provides information about
 chromaticity and minimum total
 luminance factors.
Table 2--Sizing Chart--Provides       No comparable table.                  Table 1--Comparative Hat and Cap
 sizing guidance for 17 head-band                                            Sizes--Provides sizing guidance for
 sizes ranging from 6\1/2\ to 8\1/2\                                         13 head-band sizes ranging from 6\1/
 inches.                                                                     2\ to 8 inches.
No comparable tables.                 Table 1--Transmitted Forces in        Table 2 Transmitted Forces in
                                       Pounds--Provides force values based   Pounds--Provides force values based
                                       on Brinell hardness numbers and the   on Brinell hardness numbers and the
                                       diameter of the impression.           diameter of the impression.
Table 3--Schedule of Tests--Lists     No comparable table.                  No comparable table.
 for each combination of test method
 and type of preconditioning, the
 minimum number of samples, test
 sample numbers, and test sequence
 for each helmet type and class.
 Also provides additional
 instructions regarding testing each
 type and class of helmet.
Figure 1--Diagram of the ISO          No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 headform, with dimensions for sizes
 E, J, and M of the headform.

No comparable figure.                 Figure 1--Schematic of a Brinell      Figure 1--Schematic of a Brinell
                                       Hardness Penetrator Assembly.         Hardness Penetrator Assembly.
Figure 2--Diagram of the proper       No comparable figure.\2\              No comparable figure.\2\
 location of the Dynamic Test Line.
No comparable photograph.             Figure 2--Photograph of a suggested   Figure 2--Photograph of a suggested
                                       apparatus for the measurement of      apparatus for the measurement of
                                       crown clearance.                      crown clearance.
Figure 3--Diagram of the headform     No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 used for force-transmission
 testing.
Figure 4--Diagram of a typical        No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 impact-energy attenuation headform
 fixture.
Figure 5--Diagram of a typical        No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 penetration headform fixture.
Figure 6--Diagram of a chin-strap-    No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 retention test apparatus.
Figure 7--Diagram of a typical force- No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 transmission test apparatus.
Figure 8--Diagram of a typical        No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 penetration test apparatus.
Figure 9--Diagram of a typical        No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 penetrator.
Figure 10--Diagram of a typical       No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 impact-energy attenuation test
 apparatus.
Figure 11--Diagram of the proper      No comparable figure.\3\              No comparable figure.\3\
 location of the Static Test Line.
Figure 12--Diagram of a flammability  No comparable figure.                 No comparable figure.
 test apparatus.
Appendix A--Recommendations,          Appendix A1--Recommendations          Appendix--Recommendations and
 Cautions, Use, and Care--Provides     Concerning Equipment--Provides        Precautions Concerning Helmet Use
 guidance regarding instructions and   guidance regarding tying laces,       and Maintenance--Provides guidance
 warnings on helmets, fitting,         painting and cleaning shells,         regarding tying laces, cleaning
 cleaning, painting, and inspecting    periodic inspection of shells and     shells, periodic inspection of
 helmets, limitations of helmet        helmet components for damage and      shells and helmet components for
 protection (i.e., conditions that     wear (including removal from          damage and wear (including removal
 may reduce the protection afforded    service when necessary),              from service when necessary),
 by helmets), precautions to use       limitations of helmet protection      limitations of helmet protection
 when handling helmets, and safe       (i.e., conditions that may reduce     (i.e., conditions that may reduce
 conditions (i.e., that impact,        the protection afforded by            the protection afforded by
 penetration, and electrical-          helmets), sizes (i.e., the            helmets), sizes (i.e., the
 insulation testing does not           provision of extra-small and extra-   provision of extra-small and extra-
 indicate safe impact- and voltage-    large helmet sizes by                 large helmet sizes by
 exposure levels for industrial        manufacturers), and precautions to    manufacturers), precautions to use
 workers).                             use when handling helmets.            when handling helmets, safe
                                                                             voltages (i.e., that the
                                                                             ``mechanical proof test'' and
                                                                             ``minimum breakdown voltage test''
                                                                             do not indicate safe voltage levels
                                                                             for using insulating safety
                                                                             headgear), and inspection (i.e.,
                                                                             use of periodic visual inspections
                                                                             and electrical tests to detect
                                                                             conditions of helmets that may
                                                                             impair their dielectric strength).
Appendix B--Electrical Insulation     No comparable appendix.               No comparable appendix.
 Testing--Describes equipment
 guidelines and precautions for high-
 voltage test equipment.
Appendix C--Force Transmission        No comparable appendix.               No comparable appendix.
 Testing--Provides design and
 performance specifications for
 equipment used in force-
 transmission testing, calibration
 procedures for this test equipment
 (including force-measuring systems
 and velocity-measuring systems),
 and a procedure for determining the
 repeatability value of the impactor
 (and specifications for acceptable
 values).
Appendix D--Impact Energy             No comparable appendix.               No comparable appendix.
 Attenuation Testing--Provides
 design and performance
 specifications for equipment used
 in impact-energy attenuation
 testing.
Appendix E--Test Equipment Sources--  No comparable appendix.               No comparable appendix.
 Provides a list of sources for
 suitable test equipment.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ This table provides only a summary of the differences among these three standards, and may not describe
  completely all of the differences among the standards or the content of any provision of the standards.
  Consult the published versions of the standards for an accurate determination of the differences among the
  standards.
\2\ No provision of the standard addresses the Dynamic Test Line.
\3\ No provision of the standard addresses the Static Test Line.

    OSHA believes that it is consistent with the usual and customary
practice of employers in the construction industry to require use of
head protection that complies with ANSI Z89.1-2009, ANSI Z89.1-2003, or
ANSI Z89.1-1997. OSHA further believes that the provisions of ANSI
Z89.1-1969 and ANSI Z89.2-1971 are outdated, and employers in the
industry are not using head protection that complies with the testing
requirements of these outdated standards. Accordingly, the Agency
determined that incorporating these editions of ANSI Z89.1 consensus
standards for head protection into 29 CFR 1926.100(b) does not add a
compliance burden for employers. OSHA invites the public to comment on
whether use of head protection compliant with ANSI Z89.1-2009, ANSI
Z89.1-2003, or ANSI Z89.1-1997 represents current industry practice.
    Paragraph (b)(2) of this direct final rule for head protection in
construction (see Sec.  1926.100 (Head protection) below) addresses the
requirement for the employer to ensure that the head protection
provided for each employee exposed to high-voltage electric shock and
burns also meets the specifications contained in Section 9.7
(``Electrical Insulation'') of any of the consensus standards
identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. This requirement
updates paragraph (c) of existing Sec.  1926.100, which references
outdated ANSI Z89.2-1971 (``Safety Requirements for Industrial
Protective Helmets for Electrical Workers, Class B''). ANSI
subsequently discontinued this separate consensus standard and included
its provisions in ANSI Z89.1 beginning with the 1981 edition of ANSI
Z89.1. OSHA is including paragraph (b)(2) in this direct final rule to
emphasize that employers must ensure that each employee exposed to the
hazards of high-voltage electric shock and burns wears head protection
that complies with the electrical-insulation testing requirements
specified in Section 9.7 of the 1997, 2003, or 2009 editions of ANZI
Z89.1, in addition to the requirements in those consensus standards
that test helmets for protection against falling-object hazards under
various conditions.
    In addition to updating the references to ANSI Z89.1, OSHA is
adding a provision to the construction standard that permits an
employer to use head protection that is not manufactured in accordance
with one of the incorporated ANSI Z89.1 consensus standards if the
employer can demonstrate that the head protection it selects protects
employees at least as effectively as head protection tested and
constructed in accordance with one of the incorporated ANSI Z89.1
standards. Currently, the construction standard does not include such a
provision. However, the general industry and maritime industry
standards do include such a provision (e.g., Sec.  1910.135(b)(2)).
Therefore, to allow flexibility and ensure consistency across
standards, OSHA also is adding identical language to the construction
standard.
    In conclusion, OSHA examined the standards for head protection
issued by ANSI over the last 40 years, and found that these standards
reflect the state of the art in terms of design safety that existed
when ANSI issued them. However, OSHA also found improvements in the
design-safety requirements of each successive edition of these
standards that would enhance employee protection from falling-object
and electrical hazards.

IV. Procedural Determinations

A. Legal Considerations

    The purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH
Act), 29 U.S.C. 651 et seq., is to achieve to the extent possible safe
and healthful working conditions for all employees. 29 U.S.C. 651(b).
To achieve this goal, Congress authorized the Secretary of Labor to
promulgate and enforce occupational safety and health standards. 29
U.S.C. 654(b), 655(b). A safety or health standard is a standard that
``requires conditions, or the adoption or use of one or more practices,
means, methods, operations, processes reasonably necessary or
appropriate to provide safe or healthful employment or places of
employment.'' 29 U.S.C. 652(8). A standard is reasonably necessary or
appropriate within the meaning of Section 652(8) of the OSH Act when a
significant risk of material harm exists in the workplace and the
proposed standard would substantially reduce or eliminate that
workplace risk. See Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO v. American
Petroleum Institute, 448 U.S. 607 (1980). OSHA already determined that
requirements for head protection, including design requirements, are
reasonably necessary or appropriate within the meaning of Section
652(8).
    This direct final rule neither reduces employee protection nor
alters an employer's obligations under the existing standards. OSHA
believes that, under this direct final rule, employers will be able to
continue to use the same equipment they are using currently to meet
their compliance obligation under the existing standards' design-
criteria requirements. This direct final rule provides employers with
additional options for meeting the design-criteria requirements for
head protection--options most employers already are using. Therefore,
this direct final rule does not alter the substantive protection that
employers must provide to employees and the compliance burdens on
employers. Accordingly, OSHA need not, in this rulemaking, determine
significant risk or the extent to which this direct final rule will
reduce that risk, as typically required by Industrial Union Department.

B. Final Economic Analysis and Regulatory Flexibility Act Certification

    This direct final rule is not economically significant within the
context of Executive Order 12866, or a major rule under the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act or Section 801 of the Small Business Regulatory
Enforcement Fairness Act. In addition, this direct final rule complies
with Executive Order 13563. The rulemaking imposes no additional costs
on any private or public sector entity, and does not meet any of the
criteria for an economically significant or major rule specified by the
Executive Order or relevant statutes.
    This rulemaking allows employers increased flexibility in choosing
head protection for employees. However, this direct final rule does not
require an employer to update or replace its head protection solely as
a result of this rule if the head protection currently in use meets the
revised standards. Furthermore, because the rule imposes no costs, OSHA
certifies that it will not have a significant economic impact on a
substantial number of small entities.

C. OMB Review Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

    This rulemaking does not impose new information-collection
requirements for purposes of the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, 44
U.S.C. 3501-30. Accordingly, the Agency does not have to prepare an
Information Collection Request in association with this rulemaking.
    Members of the public may respond to this paperwork determination
by sending their written comments to the Office of Information and
Regulatory Affairs, Attn: OSHA Desk Officer (RIN 1218-AC08), Office of
Management and Budget, Room 10235, 725 17th Street NW., Washington, DC
20503. The Agency encourages commenters to submit these comments to the
rulemaking docket, along with their comments on other parts of this
direct final rule. For instructions on submitting these comments and

accessing the docket, see the sections of this Federal Register notice
titled DATES and ADDRESSES. However, OSHA will not consider any comment
received on this paperwork determination to be a ``significant adverse
comment'' as specified above under Section II (``Direct Final
Rulemaking'').
    To make inquiries, or to request other information, contact Mr.
Todd Owen, Directorate of Standards and Guidance, OSHA, Room N-3609,
U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC
20210; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>.

D. Federalism

    OSHA reviewed this direct final rule in accordance with the
Executive Order on Federalism (Executive Order 13132, 64 FR 43255,
August 10, 1999), which requires that agencies, to the extent possible,
refrain from limiting state policy options, consult with states prior
to taking any actions that would restrict state policy options, and
take such actions only when clear constitutional authority exists and
the problem is national in scope. Executive Order 13132 provides for
preemption of state law only with the expressed consent of Congress.
Agencies must limit any such preemption to the extent possible.
    Under Section 18 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
(OSH Act; 29 U.S.C. 667), Congress expressly provides that states may
adopt, with Federal approval, a plan for the development and
enforcement of occupational safety and health standards; states that
obtain Federal approval for such a plan are referred to as ``State-Plan
States.'' (29 U.S.C. 667.) Occupational safety and health standards
developed by State-Plan States must be at least as effective in
providing safe and healthful employment and places of employment as the
Federal standards. Subject to these requirements, State-Plan States are
free to develop and enforce under state law their own requirements for
occupational safety and health standards.
    While OSHA drafted this direct final rule to protect employees in
every state, Section 18(c)(2) of the Act permits State-Plan States and
U.S. Territories to develop and enforce their own standards for the
design of head protection provided these requirements are at least as
effective in providing safe and healthful employment and places of
employment as the requirements specified in this direct final rule.
    In summary, this direct final rule complies with Executive Order
13132. In states without OSHA-approved state plans, this rulemaking
limits state policy options in the same manner as other OSHA standards.
In State-Plan States, this rulemaking does not significantly limit
state policy options because, as explained in the following section,
State-Plan States do not have to adopt this direct final rule.

E. State-Plan States

    When Federal OSHA promulgates a new standard or amends an existing
standard to be more stringent than it was previously, the 27 states or
U.S. territories with their own OSHA-approved occupational safety and
health plans must revise their standards to reflect the new standard or
amendment, or show OSHA why such action is unnecessary, e.g., because
an existing state standard covering this area is at least as effective
as the new Federal standard or amendment. 29 CFR 1953.5(a). In this
regard, the state standard must be at least as effective as the final
Federal rule. State-Plan States must adopt the Federal standard or
complete their own standard within six months of the publication date
of the final Federal rule. When OSHA promulgates a new standard or
amendment that does not impose additional or more stringent
requirements than the existing standard, State-Plan States need not
amend their standards, although OSHA may encourage them to do so. The
following 22 states and U.S. territories have OSHA-approved
occupational safety and health plans that apply only to private-sector
employers: Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa,
Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Mexico, North
Carolina, Oregon, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah,
Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming. In addition, Connecticut,
Illinois, New Jersey, New York, and the Virgin Islands have OSHA-
approved State Plans that apply only to state and local government
employees.
    With regard to this direct final rule, it will not impose any
additional or more stringent requirements on employers compared to
existing OSHA standards. Through this rulemaking, OSHA is updating the
references in its standards to recognize the recent edition of the
applicable national consensus standard, and deleting outdated editions
of the national consensus standards referenced in its existing head
protection standards. This direct final rule does not require employers
to update or replace their head-protection equipment solely as a result
of this rulemaking if the equipment currently in use meets the
requirements of this direct final rule. OSHA believes that removing
references to ANSI Z89.1-1969 and -1986, and ANSI Z89.2-1971, will have
no affect on employers because, in view of the limited useful life of
protective helmets, the Agency assumes that no protective helmets
currently are available or in use that manufacturers tested in
accordance with these consensus standards.
    Therefore, this direct final rule does not require action under 29
CFR 1953.5(a), and State-Plan States do not need to adopt this rule or
show OSHA why such action is unnecessary. However, to the extent these
State-Plan States have the same standards as the OSHA standards
affected by this direct final rule, OSHA encourages them to adopt the
amendments.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act

    OSHA reviewed this direct final rule according to the Unfunded
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA; 2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) and Executive
Order 12875 (58 FR 58093, Oct. 28, 1993). 75 FR at 48130. As discussed
above in Section IV.B (``Final Economic Analysis and Regulatory
Flexibility Certification'') of this preamble, OSHA determined that
this direct final rule imposes no additional costs on any private-
sector or public-sector entity. Accordingly, this direct final rule
requires no additional expenditures by either public or private
employers.
    As noted above under Section IV.E (``State-Plan States'') of this
preamble, OSHA standards do not apply to state or local governments
except in states that elected voluntarily to adopt an OSHA-approved
state plan. Consequently, this direct final rule does not meet the
definition of a ``Federal intergovernmental mandate'' (see Section
421(5) of the UMRA (2 U.S.C. 658(5)). Therefore, for the purposes of
the UMRA, OSHA certifies that this direct final rule does not mandate
that state, local, or tribal governments adopt new, unfunded regulatory
obligations, or increase expenditures by the private sector of more
than $100 million in any year.

G. Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments

    OSHA reviewed this direct final rule in accordance with Executive
Order 13175, 65 FR 67,249 (Nov. 9, 2000), and determined that it does
not have ``tribal implications'' as defined in that order. This direct
final rule does not have substantial direct effects on one or more
Indian tribes, on the relationship between the Federal government and
Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities
between the Federal government and Indian tribes.

H. Consultation With the Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and
Health

    Under 29 CFR parts 1911 and 1912, OSHA must consult with the
Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health (ACCSH or ``the
Committee''), established pursuant to Section 107 of the Contract Work
Hours and Safety Standards Act (40 U.S.C. 3701 et seq.), in setting
standards for construction work. Specifically, Sec.  1911.10(a)
requires the Assistant Secretary to provide ACCSH with a draft proposed
rule (along with pertinent factual information) and give the Committee
an opportunity to submit recommendations. See also Sec.  1912.3(a)
(``[W]henever occupational safety or health standards for construction
activities are proposed, the Assistant Secretary [for Occupational
Safety and Health] shall consult the Advisory Committee.''). On
December 15, 2011, OSHA presented a draft of this direct final rule to
ACCSH, as well as tables comparing the provisions of the outdated
reference standards with the provisions of the recent editions of ANSI
Z89.1. OSHA then explained that the rule would update the references to
ANSI Z89.1 and Z89.2 in the current construction standard. The ACCSH
subsequently recommended that OSHA pursue this rulemaking and replace
the outdated references to ANSI Z89.1-1969 in the current construction
standard for head protection with references to the 1997, 2003, and
2009 editions of ANSI Z89.1, and replace the outdated reference to ANSI
Z89.2-1971 with the 2009 edition of ANSI Z89.1. (A transcription of
these proceedings is available at Ex. Docket No. OSHA-2011-0124-0025,
pp. 237-245.)

V. Authority and Signature

    David Michaels, Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational
Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave.,
NW., Washington, DC 20210, authorized the preparation of this direct
final rule. OSHA is issuing this direct final rule pursuant to 29
U.S.C. 653, 655, 657, 5 U.S.C. 553, Secretary of Labor's Order 1-2012
(77 FR 3912), and 29 CFR part 1911.

List of Subjects in 29 CFR Parts 1910, 1915, 1917, 1918, and 1926

    Head protection, Incorporation by reference, Occupational safety
and health, Safety.

    Signed at Washington, DC, on June 14, 2012.
David Michaels,
Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health.

Amendments to Standards

    For the reasons stated above in the preamble, the Occupational
Safety and Health Administration is amending 29 CFR parts 1910, 1915,
1917, 1918, and 1926 as follows:

PART 1910--[AMENDED]

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
1. Revise the authority citation for subpart A of part 1910 to read as
follows:

    Authority:  29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of Labor's Order
Numbers 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736),
1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR 50017), 5-2002
(67 FR 65008), 5-2007 (72 FR 31159), 4-2010 (75 FR 55355), or 1-2012
(77 FR 3912), as applicable.
    Sections 1910.6, 1910.7, 1910.8 and 1910.9 also issued under 29
CFR 1911. Section 1910.7(f) also issued under 31 U.S.C. 9701, 29
U.S.C. 9a, 5 U.S.C. 553; Public Law 106-113 (113 Stat. 1501A-222);
Pub. L. 11-8 and 111-317; and OMB Circular A-25 (dated July 8, 1993)
(58 FR 38142, July 15, 1993).

0
2. Amend Sec.  1910.6 by revising paragraphs (e)(71) through (e)(73) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1910.6  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (71) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, approved
January 26, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  1910.135(b)(1)(i). Copies of
ANSI Z89.1-2009 are available for purchase only from the International
Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA
22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site:
www.safetyequipment.org.
    (72) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection; IBR approved
for Sec.  1910.135(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2003 are available
for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association,
1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-
1695; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
    (73) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements; IBR approved for Sec.
1910.135(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-1997 are available for
purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901
North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>;
fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
* * * * *

0
3. Amend Sec.  1910.135 by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1910.135  Head protection.

* * * * *
    (b) Criteria for head protection. (1) Head protection must comply
with any of the following consensus standards:
    (i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1910.6;
    (ii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1910.6; or
    (iii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
``American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements,'' incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1910.6.
* * * * *

PART 1915--[AMENDED]

0
4. The authority citation for part 1915 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 941; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of
Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48
FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR
50017), 5-2002 (67 FR 65008), 5-2007 (72 FR 31160), 4-2010 (75 FR
55355), or 1-2012 (77 FR 3912), as applicable.
    Section 1915.100 also issued under 49 U.S.C. 1801-1819 and 5
U.S.C. 553.
    Sections 1915.120 and 1915.152 of 29 CFR also issued under 29
CFR 1911.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
5. Amend Sec.  1915.5 by revising paragraphs (d)(1)(ix)through
(d)(1)(xi) to read as follows:

Sec.  1915.5  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (d)(1) * * *
    (ix) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, approved
January 26, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  1915.155(b)(1)(i). Copies of
ANSI Z89.1-2009 are available for purchase only from the International
Safety Equipment

Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762;
telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site:
www.safetyequipment.org.
    (x) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection; IBR approved
for Sec.  1915.155(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2003 are available
for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association,
1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-
1695; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
    (xi) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements; IBR approved for Sec.
1915.155(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-1997 are available for
purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901
North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>;
fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
* * * * *

0
6. Amend Sec.  1915.155 by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1915.155  Head protection.

* * * * *
    (b) Criteria for protective helmets. (1) Head protection must
comply with any of the following consensus standards:
    (i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1915.5;
    (ii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1915.5; or
    (iii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
``American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements,'' incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1915.5.
* * * * *

PART 1917--[AMENDED]

0
7. Revise the authority citation for part 1917 to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 941; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of
Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48
FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR
50017), 5-2002 (67 FR 65008), 5-2007 (72 FR 31160), 4-2010 (75 FR
55355), or 1-2012 (77 7 FR 3912),as applicable; and 29 CFR 1911.
    Section 1917.28 also issued under 5 U.S.C. 553.
    Section 1917.29 also issued under 49 U.S.C. 1801-1819 and 5
U.S.C. 553.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
8. Amend Sec.  1917.3 by revising paragraphs (b)(9) through (b)(11) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1917.3  Incorporation by reference.

    (b) * * *
    (9) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, approved
January 26, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  1917.93(b)(1)(i). Copies of
ANSI Z89.1-2009 are available for purchase only from the International
Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA
22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site:
www.safetyequipment.org.
    (10) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection; IBR approved
for Sec.  1917.93(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2003 are available
for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association,
1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-
1695; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
    (11) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements; IBR approved for Sec.
1917.93(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-1997 are available for
purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901
North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>;
fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
* * * * *

Subpart E--[Amended]

0
9. Amend Sec.  1917.93 by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1917.93  Head protection.

* * * * *
    (b)(1) The employer must ensure that head protection complies with
any of the following consensus standards:
    (i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1917.3;
    (ii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1917.3; or
    (iii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
``American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements,'' incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1917.3.
* * * * *

PART 1918--[AMENDED]

0
10. Revise the authority citation for part 1918 to read as follows:

    Authority:  33 U.S.C. 941; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of
Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48
FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR
50017), 5-2002 (67 FR 65008), 5-2007 (72 FR 31160), 4-2010 (75 FR
55355), or 1-2012 (77 FR 3912), as applicable; and 29 CFR 1911.
    Section 1918.90 also issued under 5 U.S.C. 553.
    Section 1918.100 also issued under 49 U.S.C. 1801-1819 and 5
U.S.C. 553.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
11. Amend Sec.  1918.3 by revising paragraphs (b)(9) through (b)(11) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1918.3  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (9) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, approved
January 26, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  1918.103(b)(1)(i). Copies of
ANSI Z89.1-2009 are available for purchase only from the International
Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA
22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site:
www.safetyequipment.org.
    (10) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection; IBR approved
for Sec.  1918.103(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2003 are available
for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association,
1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-
1695; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
    (11) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements; IBR approved for Sec.
1918.103(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-1997 are available for
purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901
North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone:

703-525-1695; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
* * * * *

Subpart J--[Amended]

0
12. Amend Sec.  1918.103 by revising paragraph (b)(1) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1918.103  Head protection.

* * * * *
    (b)(1) The employer must ensure that head protection complies with
any of the following consensus standards:
    (i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1918.3;
    (ii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1918.3; or
    (iii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
``American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements,'' incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1918.3.
* * * * *

PART 1926--[AMENDED]

A--General [Amended]

0
13. Revise the authority citation for subpart A of part 1926 to read as
follows:

    Authority:  40 U.S.C. 333; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of
Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48
FR 35736), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 5-2007 (72 FR 31160), 4-2010 (75 FR
55355), or 1-2012 (77 FR 3912), as applicable; and 29 CFR part 1911.

0
14. Amend Sec.  1926.6 as follows:
0
a. Revise paragraphs (h)(28) and (h)(29).
0
b. Add new paragraph (h)(30).

Sec.  1926.6  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (28) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection, approved
January 26, 2009; IBR approved for Sec.  1926.100(b)(1)(i). Copies of
ANSI Z89.1-2009 are available for purchase only from the International
Safety Equipment Association, 1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA
22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site:
www.safetyequipment.org.
    (29) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection; IBR approved
for Sec.  1926.100(b)(1)(ii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-2003 are available
for purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association,
1901 North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone: 703-525-
1695; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
    (30) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements; IBR approved for Sec.
1926.100(b)(1)(iii). Copies of ANSI Z89.1-1997 are available for
purchase only from the International Safety Equipment Association, 1901
North Moore Street, Arlington, VA 22209-1762; telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>;
fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; Web site: www.safetyequipment.org.
* * * * *

Subpart E--[Amended]

0
15. Revise the authority citation for subpart E of part 1926 to read as
follows:

    Authority:  40 U.S.C. 333; 29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657; Secretary of
Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48
FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 5-2007 (72 FR
31160), 4-2010 (75 FR 55355), or 1-2012 (77 FR 3912), as applicable;
and 29 CFR part 1911.

0
16. Amend Sec.  1926.100 as follows:
0
a. Add paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(3).
0
b. Remove paragraph (c).

Sec.  1926.100  Head protection.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) The employer must provide each employee with head protection
that meets the specifications contained in any of the following
consensus standards:
    (i) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2009,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1926.6;
    (ii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-2003,
``American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection,''
incorporated by reference in Sec.  1926.6; or
    (iii) American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z89.1-1997,
``American National Standard for Personnel Protection--Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers--Requirements,'' incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1926.6.
    (2) The employer must ensure that the head protection provided for
each employee exposed to high-voltage electric shock and burns also
meets the specifications contained in Section 9.7 (``Electrical
Insulation'') of any of the consensus standards identified in paragraph
(b)(1) of this section.
    (3) OSHA will deem any head protection device that the employer
demonstrates is at least as effective as a head protection device
constructed in accordance with one of the consensus standards
identified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section to be in compliance with
the requirements of this section.

[FR Doc. 2012-15030 Filed 6-21-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4510-26-P


To:	Melissa Weitz, EPA

From:	Jeff Coburn, RTI

Date:	April 15, 2008

Subject:  	Correlations with Landfill Methane Generation and Actual
Emissions

Linear correlations were made with waste in-place (WIP) quantities with
the 2006 methane generation and the predicted actual emissions
(accounting for soil oxidation and landfill gas recovery (at 75 percent
recovery efficiency) for landfills projected to be subject to the NSPS
or Emission Guidelines for landfills).  A series of different periods of
waste disposal were evaluated.  Although landfill capacity is not
expected to correlate well with emissions, this correlation was also
evaluated.    Table 1 summarizes the results, showing the correlation
coefficient (R2) of the linear regression.  As seen in Table 1, the
30-year WIP demonstrated the best correlation with the total 2006
methane generation and the predicted net emissions.  Based on the model
estimates, WIP is expected to be a much better indicator of methane
generation and emissions than landfill capacity.

Note that the correlation with actual landfill specific data is expected
to be much poorer than those shown here since the emission estimates
were made using the landfill waste model and assumed a fixed average DOC
value for all landfills.  Specific landfills may have widely different
DOC values which would cause greater variability of the WIP with
emissions.  Nonetheless, the correlation coefficients are quite high and
suggest that a 30-year waste in-place value provides a reasonable method
of projecting landfill emissions.

Table 1.  Correlations of Methane Generation and Methane Emissions with
Waste-in-Place (WIP)

Parameter	Years*	Linear Regression Correlation Coefficient (R2)

Methane Generation (tCO2eq)	Methane Emissions (tCO2eq)

5-yr WIP	2001 to 2005	0.8133	0.8030

10-yr WIP	1996 to 2005	0.8708	0.8617

20-yr WIP	1986 to 2005	0.9165	0.9086

25-yr WIP	1981 to 2005	0.9168	0.9092

30-yr WIP	1976 to 2005	0.9170	0.9097

40-yr WIP	1966 to 2005	0.9106	0.9038

Landfill Capacity	N/A	0.6313	0.6256

*Years are inclusive.  Ended with 2005 because 2006 waste does not
contribute to 2006 emissions given the 6 month delay time.

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