17 year olds 1 Total Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.6 ( 0.1) 99.7 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.1) 100.0 ( 0.0) 100.0   99.9   99.8 ( 0.1) 99.8 ( 0.1) 100.0   100.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 96.0 ( 0.3) 96.4 ( 0.3) 97.2 ( 0.3) 98.3 ( 0.1) 98.9 ( 0.3) 98.1 ( 0.3) 97.1 ( 0.4) 96.8 ( 0.5) 97.5 ( 0.5) 97.6 ( 0.4) Level 250 4 .......................................... 78.6 ( 0.9) 80.1 ( 0.7) 80.7 ( 0.9) 83.1 ( 0.5) 85.7 ( 0.8) 84.1 ( 1.0) 82.5 ( 0.8) 80.8 ( 1.0) 81.8 ( 0.8) 82.0 ( 1.0) Level 300 6 .......................................... 39.0 ( 1.0) 38.7 ( 0.8) 37.8 ( 1.1) 40.3 ( 0.8) 40.9 ( 1.5) 41.4 ( 1.0) 43.2 ( 1.1) 41.0 ( 1.2) 39.4 ( 1.4) 39.6 ( 1.4) Male Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.4 ( 0.1) 99.5 ( 0.2) 99.8 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.0) 100.0   99.8   99.7 ( 0.2) 99.7   99.9   100.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 94.7 ( 0.4) 95.3 ( 0.4) 96.3 ( 0.5) 97.6 ( 0.2) 98.5 ( 0.5) 97.0 ( 0.6) 96.3 ( 0.7) 95.5 ( 0.9) 96.4 ( 0.8) 97.0 ( 0.6) Level 250 4 .......................................... 74.4 ( 1.0) 75.6 ( 0.8) 77.9 ( 1.0) 79.6 ( 0.6) 82.9 ( 1.4) 79.7 ( 1.4) 78.4 ( 1.2) 76.2 ( 1.5) 77.0 ( 1.2) 77.0 ( 1.5) Level 300 6 .......................................... 33.9 ( 1.1) 33.7 ( 1.0) 35.0 ( 1.3) 35.4 ( 0.8) 37.1 ( 2.3) 36.1 ( 1.5) 38.4 ( 1.6) 35.6 ( 1.9) 33.6 ( 1.9) 34.0 ( 1.7) Female Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.8 ( 0.1) 99.8 ( 0.1) 99.9   99.9   100.0   100.0   99.9   99.9   100.0   100.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 97.3 ( 0.3) 97.5 ( 0.4) 98.1 ( 0.3) 99.0 ( 0.1) 99.3 ( 0.3) 99.2 ( 0.3) 97.9 ( 0.4) 98.0 ( 0.5) 98.6 ( 0.5) 99.0 ( 0.4) Level 250 4 .......................................... 82.6 ( 1.0) 84.3 ( 0.9) 83.6 ( 1.0) 86.8 ( 0.6) 88.2 ( 1.1) 88.6 ( 1.0) 86.8 ( 1.1) 85.6 ( 1.2) 86.8 ( 1.0) 87.0 ( 1.0) Level 300 6 .......................................... 44.0 ( 1.2) 43.6 ( 0.9) 40.7 ( 1.2) 45.0 ( 0.9) 44.4 ( 2.0) 46.8 ( 1.3) 48.5 ( 1.5) 46.5 ( 1.5) 45.4 ( 1.7) 45.0 ( 1.8) White 5 Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.9 0.0 99.9 ( 0.0) 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   99.9   100.0   100.0   100.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 97.9 ( 0.2) 98.6 ( 0.1) 99.1 ( 0.1) 99.0 ( 0.1) 99.3 ( 0.3) 98.8 ( 0.2) 98.6 ( 0.3) 98.1 ( 0.4) 98.5 ( 0.4) 98.0 ( 0.4) Level 250 4 .......................................... 83.7 ( 0.7) 86.2 ( 0.6) 86.9 ( 0.6) 88.0 ( 0.5) 88.7 ( 0.9) 88.3 ( 1.1) 88.0 ( 0.9) 86.2 ( 1.1) 87.0 ( 0.8) 87.0 ( 1.3) Level 300 6 .......................................... 43.2 ( 0.9) 43.9 ( 0.8) 43.3 ( 1.1) 46.3 ( 0.9) 45.4 ( 1.6) 47.5 ( 1.2) 50.1 ( 1.4) 47.7 ( 1.4) 46.0 ( 1.5) 46.0 ( 1.5) Black 5 Level 150 2 .......................................... 97.6 ( 0.4) 97.7 ( 0.8) 99.0 ( 0.3) 99.9   100.0   99.6   99.1   99.5   99.8   100.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 81.9 ( 1.5) 82.0 ( 1.8) 85.6 ( 1.7) 95.9 ( 0.5) 98.0 ( 1.0) 95.7 ( 1.3) 91.6 ( 1.6) 93.4 ( 2.0) 94.9 ( 1.9) 95.0 ( 1.1) Level 250 4 .......................................... 40.1 ( 1.6) 43.0 ( 1.6) 44.0 ( 2.0) 65.7 ( 1.2) 75.8 ( 2.4) 69.1 ( 2.8) 61.4 ( 2.3) 65.7 ( 4.1) 67.9 ( 4.0) 66.0 ( 2.5) Level 300 6 .......................................... 7.7 ( 0.9) 8.1 ( 0.7) 7.1 ( 0.8) 16.2 ( 0.9) 24.9 ( 3.1) 19.7 ( 1.8) 16.9 ( 2.5) 21.5 ( 3.7) 18.5 ( 2.2) 17.0 ( 1.7) Hispanic Level 150 2 ..........................................     99.3 ( 0.4) 99.8   99.8   99.9   99.7   99.8   99.0   99.9   100.0   Level 200 3 ..........................................     88.7 ( 2.4) 93.3 ( 1.8) 95.6 ( 0.7) 96.3 ( 2.4) 95.9 ( 2.1) 93.4 ( 2.3) 91.1 ( 3.4) 94.1 ( 1.9) 97.0   Level 250 4 ..........................................     52.9 ( 4.1) 62.2 ( 3.1) 68.3 ( 2.1) 71.5 ( 4.8) 75.2 ( 4.7) 69.2 ( 4.0) 63.0 ( 4.4) 65.0 ( 4.2) 68.0 ( 4.3) Level 300 6 ..........................................     12.6 ( 2.7) 16.5 ( 2.1) 21.2 ( 2.3) 23.3 ( 3.7) 27.1 ( 3.3) 27.3 ( 3.2) 20.1 ( 3.0) 20.5 ( 4.8) 24.0 ( 3.8)

  Not available.

1 Excludes persons not enrolled in school.

2 Able to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks.

3 Able to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information.

4 Able to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials.

5 Data for 1971 include persons of Hispanic origin.

6 Able to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. NOTE: Reading proficiency levels measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared October 2001). 137 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 116.   Average proficiency in reading for 4th graders in public schools, by selected characteristics, and state: 1994 and 1998 State 1994 1998 Average Sex Average Sex Race/ ethnicity Male Female Male Female White Black Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States 1 ................. 212 ( 1.1) 207 ( 1.3) 218 ( 1.2) 215 ( 0.8) 212 ( 1.2) 218 ( 0.8) 225 ( 0.9) 193 ( 1.8) 195 ( 1.9) 222 ( 2.8) 200 ( 3.2)

Alabama ................................ 208 ( 1.5) 203 ( 1.9) 213 ( 1.6) 211 ( 1.8) 208 ( 1.8) 214 ( 2.1) 222 ( 2.0) 193 ( 2.0) 190 ( 4.5) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Arizona .................................. 206 ( 1.9) 201 ( 2.2) 211 ( 2.1) 207 ( 2.0) 201 ( 2.2) 212 ( 2.3) 220 ( 1.4) 190 ( 3.8) 186 ( 3.7) ( 2) ( 2) 202 ( 4.3) Arkansas ............................... 209 ( 1.7) 204 ( 1.9) 213 ( 1.8) 209 ( 1.5) 206 ( 1.8) 212 ( 1.7) 218 ( 1.3) 186 ( 2.4) 187 ( 5.3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) California 3 ............................. 197 ( 1.8) 194 ( 1.9) 200 ( 2.2) 202 ( 3.2) 198 ( 3.6) 206 ( 3.3) 217 ( 2.6) 189 ( 4.6) 181 ( 5.2) 215 ( 5.1) ( 2) ( 2) Colorado ................................ 213 ( 1.3) 209 ( 1.8) 218 ( 1.5) 222 ( 1.3) 218 ( 1.7) 225 ( 1.5) 229 ( 1.3) 202 ( 4.4) 202 ( 2.1) 228 ( 6.8) ( 2) ( 2)

Connecticut ........................... 222 ( 1.6) 218 ( 1.8) 226 ( 2.0) 232 ( 1.9) 229 ( 2.0) 234 ( 2.0) 240 ( 1.7) 205 ( 3.1) 205 ( 3.9) 244 ( 4.3) ( 2) ( 2) Delaware ............................... 206 ( 1.1) 200 ( 2.1) 212 ( 1.5) 212 ( 1.3) 208 ( 1.5) 216 ( 1.9) 220 ( 1.5) 199 ( 1.9) 193 ( 3.8) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) District of Columbia ...............             182 ( 1.4) 177 ( 1.8) 186 ( 2.1) 231 ( 5.9) 180 ( 1.6) 168 ( 4.3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Florida ................................... 205 ( 1.7) 199 ( 2.1) 210 ( 1.8) 207 ( 1.5) 203 ( 1.9) 212 ( 1.7) 219 ( 1.8) 189 ( 2.2) 200 ( 3.0) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Georgia .................................. 207 ( 2.4) 201 ( 3.0) 212 ( 2.2) 210 ( 1.6) 206 ( 1.9) 213 ( 1.7) 225 ( 2.0) 193 ( 2.0) 193 ( 4.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Hawaii .................................... 201 ( 1.7) 194 ( 2.1) 208 ( 1.7) 200 ( 1.8) 194 ( 2.5) 205 ( 1.8) 211 ( 2.3) 195 ( 4.6) 183 ( 3.5) 201 ( 2.3) 183 ( 5.6)

Indiana ................................... 220 ( 1.3) 216 ( 1.5) 223 ( 1.5)                                 Iowa 3 ..................................... 223 ( 1.3) 219 ( 1.6) 227 ( 1.5) 223 ( 1.2) 218 ( 1.5) 228 ( 1.4) 226 ( 1.2) 192 ( 4.1) 210 ( 2.7) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Kansas 3 ................................             222 ( 1.5) 219 ( 1.6) 226 ( 1.6) 228 ( 1.5) 198 ( 3.7) 207 ( 3.7) ( 2) ( 2) 214 ( 5.3) Kentucky ................................ 212 ( 1.6) 206 ( 1.8) 217 ( 2.0) 218 ( 1.5) 216 ( 1.8) 220 ( 1.6) 221 ( 1.5) 196 ( 3.0) 195 ( 5.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Louisiana ............................... 197 ( 1.3) 193 ( 1.6) 200 ( 1.7) 204 ( 1.5) 199 ( 1.8) 209 ( 1.6) 222 ( 1.3) 186 ( 2.0) 184 ( 4.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

Maine ..................................... 228 ( 1.3) 225 ( 1.6) 231 ( 1.6) 225 ( 1.2) 222 ( 1.4) 229 ( 1.5) 227 ( 1.2) ( 2) ( 2) 208 ( 6.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Maryland ................................ 210 ( 1.5) 205 ( 1.8) 214 ( 1.8) 215 ( 1.6) 209 ( 2.0) 221 ( 1.6) 229 ( 1.7) 195 ( 2.4) 200 ( 4.1) 230 ( 5.4) ( 2) ( 2) Massachusetts 3 .................... 223 ( 1.3) 221 ( 1.5) 226 ( 1.5) 225 ( 1.4) 221 ( 1.6) 229 ( 1.7) 231 ( 1.3) 202 ( 3.2) 200 ( 3.3) 216 ( 5.5) ( 2) ( 2) Michigan ................................             217 ( 1.7) 212 ( 1.9) 221 ( 1.8) 225 ( 1.3) 191 ( 3.9) 193 ( 4.8) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Minnesota 3 ............................ 218 ( 1.4) 214 ( 1.5) 223 ( 1.9) 222 ( 1.5) 218 ( 1.9) 226 ( 1.5) 226 ( 1.5) 190 ( 4.7) 203 ( 5.6) 216 ( 10.1) ( 2) ( 2)

Mississippi ............................. 202 ( 1.6) 196 ( 1.6) 207 ( 1.9) 204 ( 1.5) 201 ( 1.8) 208 ( 1.5) 217 ( 1.8) 192 ( 1.9) 183 ( 3.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Missouri ................................. 217 ( 1.5) 213 ( 1.9) 221 ( 1.8) 216 ( 1.7) 211 ( 2.0) 222 ( 1.6) 223 ( 1.4) 190 ( 3.6) 196 ( 4.5) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Montana 3 .............................. 222 ( 1.4) 218 ( 1.6) 227 ( 1.7) 226 ( 1.7) 221 ( 2.0) 231 ( 2.7) 230 ( 1.6) ( 2) ( 2) 207 ( 6.2) ( 2) ( 2) 209 ( 3.9) Nebraska 4 ............................. 220 ( 1.5) 216 ( 1.5) 224 ( 1.9)                                 Nevada ..................................             208 ( 1.4) 204 ( 1.6) 211 ( 1.9) 215 ( 1.4) 189 ( 3.1) 195 ( 2.0) 216 ( 3.6) 199 ( 5.8)

New Hampshire 3 .................. 223 ( 1.5) 218 ( 1.6) 229 ( 1.8) 226 ( 1.3) 222 ( 1.8) 229 ( 1.5) 227 ( 1.3) ( 2) ( 2) 201 ( 5.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) New Jersey ........................... 219 ( 1.2) 216 ( 1.5) 222 ( 1.3)                                 New Mexico ........................... 205 ( 1.7) 201 ( 2.1) 208 ( 1.8) 206 ( 2.0) 202 ( 2.0) 209 ( 2.6) 222 ( 1.8) 183 ( 7.1) 199 ( 1.7) ( 2) ( 2) 181 ( 8.6) New York 3 ............................ 212 ( 1.4) 207 ( 1.8) 216 ( 1.6) 216 ( 1.6) 214 ( 1.7) 218 ( 2.0) 227 ( 1.2) 193 ( 2.8) 194 ( 2.8) 234 ( 5.2) ( 2) ( 2) North Carolina ....................... 214 ( 1.5) 209 ( 1.7) 220 ( 1.8) 217 ( 1.3) 213 ( 1.7) 220 ( 1.7) 227 ( 1.4) 200 ( 2.0) 196 ( 3.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

North Dakota ......................... 225 ( 1.2) 221 ( 1.5) 230 ( 1.5)                                 Oklahoma ..............................             220 ( 1.1) 219 ( 1.2) 220 ( 1.5) 225 ( 1.1) 192 ( 5.0) 207 ( 2.5) ( 2) ( 2) 214 ( 2.4) Oregon ..................................             214 ( 1.6) 210 ( 1.8) 218 ( 1.9) 220 ( 1.6) 202 ( 5.2) 191 ( 3.4) 215 ( 5.3) 197 ( 4.1) Pennsylvania 4 ....................... 215 ( 1.6) 211 ( 1.8) 220 ( 1.9)                                 Rhode Island 4 ....................... 220 ( 1.3) 215 ( 1.5) 225 ( 1.5) 218 ( 1.7) 217 ( 2.3) 220 ( 2.3) 227 ( 1.4) 197 ( 3.6) 185 ( 5.1) 211 ( 6.4) ( 2) ( 2)

South Carolina ...................... 203 ( 1.4) 199 ( 1.7) 208 ( 1.6) 210 ( 1.3) 207 ( 1.5) 214 ( 1.6) 223 ( 1.5) 197 ( 1.7) 189 ( 3.9) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Tennessee 4 .......................... 213 ( 1.7) 208 ( 2.1) 217 ( 1.9) 212 ( 1.5) 209 ( 1.7) 216 ( 1.8) 220 ( 1.6) 193 ( 2.4) 193 ( 6.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Texas ..................................... 212 ( 1.9) 210 ( 2.0) 214 ( 2.1) 217 ( 2.1) 213 ( 2.3) 221 ( 2.1) 232 ( 1.9) 197 ( 3.5) 204 ( 2.7) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Utah ....................................... 217 ( 1.3) 213 ( 1.7) 222 ( 1.3) 215 ( 1.3) 212 ( 1.8) 219 ( 1.5) 222 ( 1.2) ( 2) ( 2) 189 ( 3.0) 208 ( 6.5) 190 ( 7.2) Virginia .................................. 213 ( 1.5) 208 ( 1.8) 219 ( 1.5) 218 ( 1.3) 214 ( 1.8) 223 ( 1.4) 226 ( 1.5) 203 ( 1.8) 198 ( 4.2) 230 ( 4.3) ( 2) ( 2)

Washington ........................... 213 ( 1.5) 209 ( 1.8) 217 ( 1.7) 217 ( 1.3) 212 ( 1.5) 222 ( 1.6) 221 ( 1.4) 198 ( 4.4) 195 ( 3.4) 220 ( 3.2) 208 ( 4.5) West Virginia ......................... 213 ( 1.1) 208 ( 1.4) 218 ( 1.4) 216 ( 1.5) 213 ( 1.8) 219 ( 1.8) 219 ( 1.4) 192 ( 3.0) 196 ( 5.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Wisconsin 3,4 .......................... 224 ( 1.1) 221 ( 1.2) 227 ( 1.5) 224 ( 1.2) 222 ( 1.8) 226 ( 1.3) 230 ( 1.1) 193 ( 2.5) 208 ( 2.7) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Wyoming ............................... 221 ( 1.2) 218 ( 1.3) 224 ( 1.6) 219 ( 1.6) 216 ( 2.0) 223 ( 1.8) 222 ( 1.9) ( 2) ( 2) 207 ( 3.2) ( 2) ( 2) 205 ( 6.9)

Department of Defense overseas schools .............. 218 ( 0.9) 213 ( 1.3) 223 ( 1.0) 223 ( 1.1) 219 ( 1.4) 228 ( 1.3) 229 ( 1.5) 212 ( 3.6) 216 ( 4.2) 227 ( 2.8) 219 ( 3.9) Guam ..................................... 181 ( 1.2) 172 ( 1.4) 190 ( 1.7)                                 Virgin Islands .........................             178 ( 1.9) 169 ( 5.0) 186 ( 2.1) ( 2)( 2) 181 ( 2.0) 168 ( 4.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

  Not available. 1 As measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Fortyone states and Guam participated in the test in 1994, and forty four jurisdictions ( state, territory, Dept. of Defense overseas schools) participated in 1998. Due to sample size and school participation guidelines, some states are not shown. 2 Sample size is insufficient to permit a reliable estimate. 3 Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates in 1998. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. 4 Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates in 1994. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias.

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information. A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Excludes states not participating in the survey. Standard errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1998 Reading Report Card for the Nation and the States, prepared by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared June 2000.) 138 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 117.   Average proficiency in reading for 8th graders in public schools, by selected characteristics, and state: 1998 State Average Location Parental education 1 Central city Urban fringe/ large town Rural/ small town Did not finish high school Graduated high school Some education after high school Graduated college 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States 2 ............................... 261 ( 0.8) 254 ( 1.7) 266 ( 1.4) 263 ( 1.5) 242 ( 1.9) 253 ( 1.3) 268 ( 1.4) 272 ( 1.0)

Alabama .............................................. 255 ( 1.4) 254 ( 3.4) 260 ( 2.3) 254 ( 1.9) 252 ( 2.9) 246 ( 1.6) 262 ( 2.0) 264 ( 2.0) Arizona ................................................ 261 ( 1.2) 261 ( 1.7) 267 ( 2.3) 250 ( 2.5) 243 ( 2.3) 253 ( 2.5) 267 ( 1.5) 272 ( 1.4) Arkansas ............................................. 256 ( 1.3) 253 ( 3.1) 262 ( 2.9) 255 ( 1.6) 243 ( 3.1) 249 ( 1.9) 265 ( 2.4) 264 ( 1.7) California 3 ........................................... 253 ( 1.7) 249 ( 2.5) 255 ( 2.3) ( 4)( 4) 238 ( 3.1) 244 ( 2.2) 264 ( 2.3) 266 ( 1.8) Colorado .............................................. 264 ( 1.1) 258 ( 2.6) 268 ( 1.2) 264 ( 2.1) 240 ( 4.7) 251 ( 2.1) 266 ( 1.8) 274 ( 1.2)

Connecticut ......................................... 272 ( 1.1) 252 ( 2.9) 275 ( 1.4) 280 ( 1.7) 251 ( 3.0) 256 ( 1.7) 274 ( 1.5) 282 ( 1.0) Delaware ............................................. 256 ( 1.3) 254 ( 2.7) 256 ( 2.3) 258 ( 2.5) 234 ( 8.2) 251 ( 2.5) 257 ( 2.4) 266 ( 1.7) District of Columbia ............................. 236 ( 2.0) 236 ( 2.0) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 235 ( 5.1) 227 ( 3.9) 242 ( 3.1) 248 ( 3.3) Florida ................................................. 253 ( 1.7) 252 ( 2.5) 256 ( 2.0) 247 ( 7.4) 245 ( 3.1) 244 ( 2.5) 262 ( 1.8) 261 ( 2.0) Georgia ............................................... 257 ( 1.4) 245 ( 3.1) 263 ( 1.8) 254 ( 2.5) 242 ( 2.9) 247 ( 2.2) 264 ( 1.7) 267 ( 1.9) Hawaii ................................................. 250 ( 1.3) 253 ( 2.6) 250 ( 1.5) 247 ( 2.0) 230 ( 5.1) 241 ( 2.3) 258 ( 2.1) 259 ( 1.5)

Kansas 3 .............................................. 268 ( 1.2) 260 ( 3.7) 273 ( 1.9) 269 ( 1.6) 249 ( 6.3) 261 ( 2.1) 269 ( 1.9) 276 ( 1.8) Kentucky ............................................. 262 ( 1.3) 261 ( 4.7) 266 ( 2.4) 261 ( 1.3) 246 ( 3.1) 256 ( 1.6) 268 ( 1.9) 274 ( 2.0) Louisiana ............................................. 252 ( 1.5) 247 ( 3.3) 253 ( 2.8) 255 ( 1.7) 247 ( 4.1) 245 ( 1.4) 261 ( 1.5) 258 ( 2.2) Maine .................................................. 273 ( 1.2) 279 ( 3.0) 272 ( 3.8) 272 ( 1.3) 262 ( 4.8) 260 ( 2.1) 275 ( 2.0) 282 ( 1.4) Maryland 3 ........................................... 262 ( 1.8) 246 ( 4.3) 264 ( 2.3) 268 ( 2.3) 253 ( 3.5) 250 ( 2.0) 262 ( 2.3) 272 ( 2.2)

Massachusetts .................................... 269 ( 1.6) 254 ( 3.3) 275 ( 2.4) 274 ( 2.4) 242 ( 4.3) 256 ( 2.1) 273 ( 2.4) 278 ( 1.7) Minnesota 3 ......................................... 267 ( 1.3) 249 ( 5.2) 273 ( 1.4) 266 ( 2.3) 244 ( 4.9) 256 ( 2.2) 273 ( 1.9) 276 ( 1.4) Mississippi ........................................... 251 ( 1.4) 243 ( 4.8) 255 ( 2.1) 250 ( 1.8) 239 ( 2.5) 243 ( 2.5) 257 ( 2.8) 259 ( 1.6) Missouri ............................................... 263 ( 1.3) 257 ( 4.0) 263 ( 2.0) 266 ( 1.4) 247 ( 3.3) 257 ( 1.7) 268 ( 1.7) 271 ( 1.6) Montana 3 ............................................ 270 ( 1.1) 263 ( 2.8) 266 ( 3.4) 273 ( 1.4) 253 ( 5.3) 258 ( 2.7) 273 ( 2.3) 277 ( 1.4)

Nevada ................................................ 257 ( 1.1) 254 ( 1.7) 258 ( 2.5) 262 ( 2.1) 241 ( 3.5) 248 ( 1.8) 265 ( 1.9) 269 ( 1.5) New Mexico ........................................ 258 ( 1.2) 260 ( 2.7) 261 ( 1.6) 253 ( 1.7) 240 ( 3.0) 251 ( 1.7) 263 ( 2.6) 268 ( 1.4) New York 3 .......................................... 266 ( 1.6) 254 ( 2.7) 278 ( 2.4) 271 ( 2.2) 252 ( 3.3) 256 ( 2.2) 270 ( 2.0) 277 ( 1.8) North Carolina ..................................... 264 ( 1.1) 267 ( 2.0) 263 ( 2.6) 261 ( 1.5) 246 ( 3.6) 250 ( 1.9) 268 ( 1.6) 273 ( 1.4) Oklahoma ............................................ 265 ( 1.3) 265 ( 2.0) 268 ( 2.1) 264 ( 1.7) 256 ( 3.4) 255 ( 1.8) 270 ( 2.2) 274 ( 1.4)

Oregon ................................................ 266 ( 1.5) 264 ( 4.0) 269 ( 2.2) 263 ( 1.6) 241 ( 3.5) 259 ( 2.4) 266 ( 1.6) 276 ( 1.8) Rhode Island ....................................... 262 ( 1.0) 252 ( 2.7) 265 ( 1.8) 271 ( 3.0) 241 ( 4.7) 253 ( 3.0) 265 ( 2.4) 273 ( 1.5) South Carolina .................................... 255 ( 1.3) 257 ( 2.2) 260 ( 1.9) 249 ( 2.2) 245 ( 2.9) 243 ( 1.6) 264 ( 2.0) 264 ( 1.6) Tennessee .......................................... 259 ( 1.3) 253 ( 2.2) 264 ( 2.4) 261 ( 1.8) 246 ( 3.7) 250 ( 1.5) 265 ( 1.7) 269 ( 1.8) Texas .................................................. 262 ( 1.5) 259 ( 2.5) 266 ( 2.2) 263 ( 3.5) 247 ( 2.4) 256 ( 1.7) 269 ( 1.9) 272 ( 1.7)

Utah ..................................................... 265 ( 1.1) 264 ( 1.8) 266 ( 1.3) 261 ( 3.1) 247 ( 5.1) 251 ( 2.3) 265 ( 2.0) 273 ( 0.9) Virginia ................................................ 266 ( 1.1) 260 ( 1.9) 274 ( 1.7) 263 ( 2.2) 248 ( 3.4) 254 ( 1.5) 269 ( 2.2) 277 ( 1.3) Washington ......................................... 265 ( 1.3) 264 ( 2.2) 266 ( 2.2) 263 ( 2.1) 243 ( 3.7) 258 ( 2.2) 268 ( 1.7) 274 ( 1.7) West Virginia ....................................... 262 ( 1.2) 265 ( 3.7) 264 ( 3.2) 260 ( 1.4) 248 ( 2.7) 254 ( 1.9) 265 ( 1.9) 272 ( 1.6) Wisconsin 3 .......................................... 266 ( 1.6) 256 ( 3.1) 273 ( 2.5) 269 ( 1.9) 240 ( 4.4) 260 ( 2.4) 269 ( 2.1) 276 ( 1.9) Wyoming ............................................. 262 ( 1.3) 263 ( 3.0) ( 4) ( 4) 262 ( 1.3) 256 ( 4.3) 256 ( 2.5) 266 ( 2.2) 267 ( 1.9)

Department of Defense overseas schools ........................... 269 ( 1.0) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 258 ( 3.5) 272 ( 2.1) 275 ( 1.5)

Virgin Islands ...................................... 233 ( 2.9) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 233 ( 2.9) 237 ( 4.7) 234 ( 4.9) 242 ( 7.6) 232 ( 4.3)

1 Parents' highest level of education. Data not shown for students who did not know parents' level of education. 2 As measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Fortyfour jurisdictions ( state, territory, Department of Defense overseas schools) participated in 1998. Due to sample size and school participation guidelines, some states are not shown. 3 Did not satisfy one or more of the guidelines for school sample participation rates. Data are subject to appreciable nonresponse bias. 4 Sample size is insufficient to permit a reliable estimate.

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information. A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Excludes states not participating in the survey. Standard errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1998 Reading Report Card for the Nation and the States, prepared by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared July 2000.) 139 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 118.   Percentage distribution of 4th graders, by time spent on homework and television viewing each day: 1992 to 2000 Selected characteristics of students Time spent on homework each day Amount of television watched each day Don't have Don't do Half hour or less One hour More than one hour None One hour or less Two hours Three hours Four hours Five hours Six or more hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1992 All students ................... 16 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.2) 39 ( 1.2) 28 ( 0.9) 15 ( 0.6) 2 ( 0.2) 17 ( 0.8) 21 ( 0.7) 19 ( 0.6) 13 ( 0.6) 9 ( 0.4) 20 ( 0.7)

Male ........................... 18 ( 1.8) 3 ( 0.4) 39 ( 1.4) 26 ( 1.0) 14 ( 0.8) 2 ( 0.3) 16 ( 0.8) 20 ( 0.9) 18 ( 0.9) 13 ( 0.7) 9 ( 0.7) 21 ( 0.9) Female ....................... 14 ( 1.5) 1 ( 0.3) 39 ( 1.4) 30 ( 1.1) 16 ( 0.8) 2 ( 0.3) 18 ( 1.2) 22 ( 0.9) 19 ( 0.9) 13 ( 0.8) 8 ( 0.6) 18 ( 0.9)

Race/ ethnicity White .......................... 18 ( 1.9) 2 ( 0.3) 38 ( 1.5) 29 ( 1.2) 13 ( 0.6) 2 ( 0.3) 18 ( 0.9) 23 ( 1.0) 21 ( 0.8) 14 ( 0.7) 9 ( 0.6) 13 ( 0.8) Black .......................... 10 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.6) 45 ( 2.3) 24 ( 1.5) 18 ( 1.4) 2 ( 0.5) 11 ( 1.5) 11 ( 1.0) 12 ( 1.0) 10 ( 1.1) 9 ( 1.2) 44 ( 1.9) Hispanic ..................... 11 ( 1.7) 4 ( 0.5) 39 ( 2.2) 28 ( 1.7) 18 ( 1.9) 2 ( 0.5) 15 ( 1.2) 20 ( 1.6) 14 ( 1.3) 13 ( 1.2) 9 ( 1.0) 27 ( 1.6) Asian/ Pacific Islander 10 ( 4.5) 1   39 ( 3.4) 28 ( 4.3) 22 ( 3.4) 3 ( 1.3) 26 ( 3.7) 17 ( 2.7) 15 ( 2.8) 11 ( 1.9) 7 ( 1.6) 21 ( 3.2) American Indian ......... 17 ( 5.0) 4 ( 2.4) 31 ( 5.7) 18 ( 4.2) 30 ( 5.7) 1   18 ( 3.8) 13 ( 3.3) 16 ( 3.7) 17 ( 3.3) 11 ( 3.3) 23 ( 4.4)

Control of school Public ......................... 17 ( 1.7) 2 ( 0.3) 40 ( 1.3) 26 ( 0.9) 14 ( 0.6) 2 ( 0.2) 16 ( 0.8) 21 ( 0.9) 19 ( 0.7) 13 ( 0.7) 9 ( 0.5) 21 ( 0.8) Private ........................ 7 ( 1.8) 1 ( 0.2) 34 ( 2.4) 38 ( 2.2) 21 ( 1.9) 2 ( 0.6) 21 ( 2.3) 24 ( 1.5) 18 ( 1.4) 14 ( 1.1) 9 ( 1.0) 12 ( 1.4)

1994 All students ................... 13 ( 0.9) 3 ( 0.3) 39 ( 1.0) 30 ( 0.7) 15 ( 0.6) 2 ( 0.2) 17 ( 0.6) 21 ( 0.6) 17 ( 0.5) 13 ( 0.6) 9 ( 0.4) 21 ( 0.7)

Male ........................... 14 ( 1.0) 5 ( 0.5) 39 ( 1.1) 28 ( 1.0) 15 ( 0.7) 2 ( 0.3) 15 ( 0.8) 19 ( 0.8) 16 ( 0.6) 13 ( 0.7) 10 ( 0.6) 25 ( 0.9) Female ....................... 12 ( 1.1) 2 ( 0.2) 40 ( 1.2) 32 ( 1.0) 15 ( 0.8) 2 ( 0.3) 20 ( 0.9) 23 ( 0.8) 17 ( 0.9) 13 ( 0.8) 8 ( 0.6) 17 ( 0.9)

1998 All students 8 ( 0.8) 2 ( 0.2) 43 ( 1.0) 31 ( 0.8) 16 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.5) 21 ( 0.6) 22 ( 0.7) 19 ( 0.6) 11 ( 0.5) 8 ( 0.4) 16 ( 0.6)

Male ........................... 9 ( 1.0) 3 ( 0.3) 41 ( 1.1) 30 ( 1.0) 16 ( 0.8) 3 ( 0.5) 18 ( 0.9) 22 ( 0.9) 18 ( 1.0) 12 ( 0.7) 8 ( 0.6) 18 ( 1.0) Female ....................... 7 ( 0.7) 1 ( 0.2) 44 ( 1.2) 32 ( 1.0) 16 ( 0.7) 3 ( 0.5) 24 ( 0.8) 22 ( 0.8) 19 ( 0.7) 10 ( 0.6) 7 ( 0.5) 14 ( 0.7)

Race/ ethnicity White .......................... 9 ( 1.0) 2 ( 0.2) 43 ( 1.2) 32 ( 1.1) 15 ( 0.7) 3 ( 0.7) 23 ( 0.9) 24 ( 0.8) 20 ( 0.8) 12 ( 0.7) 7 ( 0.6) 11 ( 0.8) Black .......................... 6 ( 0.9) 3 ( 0.5) 45 ( 1.9) 27 ( 1.5) 19 ( 1.5) 2 ( 0.5) 14 ( 1.2) 14 ( 1.1) 14 ( 1.2) 11 ( 0.8) 12 ( 0.9) 34 ( 1.5) Hispanic ..................... 7 ( 1.1) 3 ( 0.5) 42 ( 1.9) 30 ( 1.5) 18 ( 1.2) 3 ( 0.5) 21 ( 1.2) 19 ( 1.0) 18 ( 1.2) 11 ( 0.9) 8 ( 0.8) 19 ( 1.0) Asian/ Pacific Islander 4 ( 1.7) 1   39 ( 3.1) 36 ( 2.6) 20 ( 2.3) 4 ( 1.1) 26 ( 2.8) 20 ( 3.0) 16 ( 2.5) 10 ( 2.8) 9 ( 1.9) 14 ( 2.4) American Indian ......... 8 ( 2.2) 7 ( 2.0) 40 ( 4.9) 27 ( 2.8) 19 ( 3.6) 1   19 ( 3.6) 19 ( 2.3) 15 ( 2.6) 8 ( 2.1) 12 ( 3.1) 27 ( 3.4)

2000 All students 10 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.2) 43 ( 0.9) 29 ( 0.6) 16 ( 0.7) 2 ( 0.2) 23 ( 0.7) 23 ( 0.6) 17 ( 0.4) 11 ( 0.5) 6 ( 0.4) 18 ( 0.6)

Male ........................... 11 ( 0.9) 3 ( 0.3) 43 ( 1.2) 27 ( 0.8) 16 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.3) 20 ( 1.1) 21 ( 0.8) 18 ( 0.7) 11 ( 0.6) 7 ( 0.5) 22 ( 0.9) Female ....................... 9 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.2) 43 ( 1.1) 31 ( 0.9) 16 ( 0.7) 2 ( 0.3) 26 ( 0.9) 24 ( 0.8) 17 ( 0.7) 10 ( 0.6) 6 ( 0.4) 15 ( 0.7)

Race/ ethnicity White .......................... 11 ( 1.1) 1 ( 0.2) 43 ( 1.2) 30 ( 0.8) 15 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.3) 25 ( 0.9) 25 ( 0.9) 19 ( 0.6) 11 ( 0.6) 6 ( 0.5) 13 ( 0.7) Black .......................... 8 ( 0.9) 4 ( 0.8) 45 ( 1.8) 26 ( 1.3) 17 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.2) 14 ( 0.9) 13 ( 1.0) 13 ( 0.9) 10 ( 0.9) 8 ( 0.8) 42 ( 1.5) Hispanic ..................... 7 ( 1.0) 3 ( 0.5) 43 ( 1.4) 29 ( 1.3) 18 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.4) 22 ( 1.2) 21 ( 1.2) 16 ( 1.1) 10 ( 1.0) 7 ( 0.6) 22 ( 1.5) Asian/ Pacific Islander 1 ( 0.7) 1 ( 0.7) 42 ( 3.2) 35 ( 3.2) 21 ( 3.4) 6 ( 1.4) 29 ( 2.7) 28 ( 3.1) 15 ( 2.8) 8 ( 1.6) 7 ( 1.7) 8 ( 1.8) American Indian ......... 15 ( 4.7) 7 ( 2.2) 42 ( 5.4) 24 ( 4.5) 13 ( 2.6) 1   20 ( 3.6) 18 ( 2.2) 21 ( 3.8) 11 ( 3.4) 7 ( 2.2) 23 ( 3.4)

Control of school Public ......................... 10 ( 1.0) 2 ( 0.2) 44 ( 1.0) 29 ( 0.7) 15 ( 0.7) 2 ( 0.2) 22 ( 0.8) 22 ( 0.7) 17 ( 0.5) 11 ( 0.5) 6 ( 0.4) 19 ( 0.7) Private ........................ 8 ( 1.6) 1 ( 0.4) 37 ( 1.6) 34 ( 1.5) 20 ( 1.7) 5 ( 1.0) 25 ( 1.4) 24 ( 0.9) 19 ( 0.8) 10 ( 0.9) 6 ( 0.7) 11 ( 1.3)

Type of location Central city ................. 8 ( 1.0) 3 ( 0.4) 41 ( 1.4) 30 ( 1.1) 18 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.4) 21 ( 0.9) 21 ( 1.1) 16 ( 0.6) 10 ( 0.8) 7 ( 0.6) 24 ( 1.3) Urban fringe/ large town ......................... 8 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.3) 44 ( 1.3) 30 ( 1.2) 16 ( 1.1) 3 ( 0.3) 24 ( 1.3) 24 ( 1.0) 18 ( 0.8) 10 ( 0.7) 6 ( 0.6) 15 ( 1.0) Rural/ small town ........ 15 ( 2.3) 2 ( 0.5) 44 ( 2.0) 27 ( 1.4) 12 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.4) 22 ( 1.8) 23 ( 1.4) 19 ( 1.0) 13 ( 1.1) 6 ( 0.7) 16 ( 1.5)

  Not available.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, Main NAEP, National Reading Results, unpublished data, NAEP Data Tool ( http:// nces. ed. gov/ naep3/ NAEP data). ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 140 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 119.   Average writing performance of 4th, 8th, and 11th graders, by selected characteristics of students: 1984 to 1996 Selected characteristics of students 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4th graders Total ................................................... 204 ( 1.5) 206 ( 1.6) 202 ( 1.5) 207 ( 1.5) 205 ( 1.6) 207 ( 1.2)

Male ............................................... 201 ( 2.8) 199 ( 2.3) 195 ( 1.9) 198 ( 1.7) 196 ( 1.7) 200 ( 1.8) Female ........................................... 208 ( 3.1) 213 ( 2.0) 209 ( 2.2) 216 ( 1.7) 214 ( 2.2) 214 ( 1.9) Race/ ethnicity White .............................................. 211 ( 1.9) 215 ( 1.9) 211 ( 2.0) 217 ( 1.7) 214 ( 1.5) 216 ( 1.6) Black .............................................. 182 ( 5.0) 173 ( 4.7) 171 ( 5.4) 175 ( 3.8) 173 ( 3.2) 182 ( 2.3) Hispanic ......................................... 189 ( 5.8) 190 ( 3.5) 184 ( 4.1) 189 ( 3.6) 189 ( 3.1) 191 ( 3.2) Parental education Not high school graduate ............... 179 ( 4.6) 194 ( 5.4) 186 ( 3.9) 191 ( 3.2) 188 ( 7.8) 190 ( 5.5) Graduated high school ................... 192 ( 3.4) 199 ( 3.0) 197 ( 3.0) 202 ( 3.2) 202 ( 2.3) 203 ( 2.3) Post high school ............................ 208 ( 6.5) 211 ( 6.3) 214 ( 4.0) 201 ( 4.5) 212 ( 4.0) 205 ( 5.2) Graduated college .......................... 218 ( 3.0) 212 ( 2.2) 209 ( 1.6) 214 ( 1.4) 212 ( 2.1) 214 ( 1.7) Control of school Public ............................................. 202 ( 1.8) 204 ( 2.0) 200 ( 1.4) 205 ( 1.6) 204 ( 1.8) 206 ( 1.5) Private ............................................ 215 ( 4.6) 216 ( 4.1) 216 ( 5.7) 222 ( 3.3) 213 ( 4.3) 218 ( 3.2) Region Northeast ........................................ 212 ( 4.0) 204 ( 4.9) 211 ( 3.6) 216 ( 4.0) 210 ( 4.0) 213 ( 2.8) Southeast ....................................... 204 ( 3.3) 200 ( 2.3) 192 ( 4.0) 193 ( 2.4) 198 ( 3.4) 200 ( 3.4) Central ............................................ 201 ( 2.6) 212 ( 3.0) 203 ( 3.1) 214 ( 3.1) 209 ( 3.3) 212 ( 3.1) West ............................................... 201 ( 4.9) 207 ( 3.4) 201 ( 2.7) 206 ( 2.2) 203 ( 2.7) 205 ( 2.5)

8th graders Total ................................................... 267 ( 2.0) 264 ( 1.3) 257 ( 1.2) 274 ( 1.3) 265 ( 1.3) 264 ( 1.0)

Male ............................................... 258 ( 2.3) 254 ( 1.5) 246 ( 1.5) 264 ( 1.9) 254 ( 1.8) 251 ( 1.1) Female ........................................... 276 ( 2.4) 274 ( 1.7) 268 ( 1.3) 285 ( 1.3) 278 ( 1.4) 276 ( 1.2) Race/ ethnicity White .............................................. 272 ( 2.1) 269 ( 1.3) 262 ( 1.6) 279 ( 1.3) 272 ( 1.4) 271 ( 1.0) Black .............................................. 247 ( 5.7) 246 ( 3.5) 239 ( 2.3) 258 ( 4.0) 245 ( 3.4) 242 ( 2.6) Hispanic ......................................... 247 ( 6.4) 250 ( 2.5) 246 ( 2.8) 265 ( 2.2) 252 ( 3.3) 246 ( 2.3) Parental education Not high school graduate ............... 258 ( 4.8) 254 ( 3.9) 246 ( 3.7) 258 ( 5.3) 250 ( 4.1) 245 ( 4.5) Graduated high school ................... 261 ( 1.6) 258 ( 2.1) 253 ( 1.4) 268 ( 1.6) 259 ( 2.2) 258 ( 1.9) Post high school ............................ 271 ( 3.9) 275 ( 3.3) 267 ( 3.0) 280 ( 2.2) 270 ( 3.1) 270 ( 2.4) Graduated college .......................... 278 ( 1.8) 271 ( 1.8) 265 ( 1.8) 284 ( 1.9) 275 ( 1.3) 274 ( 1.3) Control of school Public ............................................. 264 ( 2.0) 262 ( 1.5) 254 ( 1.2) 272 ( 1.3) 264 ( 1.6) 263 ( 1.2) Private ............................................ 282 ( 5.5) 276 ( 3.0) 277 ( 4.4) 288 ( 3.2) 279 ( 3.8) 272 ( 3.3) Region Northeast ........................................ 273 ( 3.6) 265 ( 2.7) 261 ( 3.3) 285 ( 3.3) 277 ( 2.2) 264 ( 2.4) Southeast ....................................... 267 ( 3.6) 268 ( 2.3) 252 ( 2.8) 266 ( 2.2) 259 ( 2.1) 260 ( 3.5) Central ............................................ 264 ( 2.3) 258 ( 2.2) 259 ( 3.9) 277 ( 2.0) 270 ( 4.1) 268 ( 2.3) West ............................................... 264 ( 3.0) 264 ( 2.1) 255 ( 2.6) 271 ( 2.3) 259 ( 1.6) 263 ( 1.3)

11th graders Total ................................................... 290 ( 1.6) 291 ( 1.3) 287 ( 1.0) 287 ( 1.4) 285 ( 1.2) 283 ( 1.2)

Male ............................................... 281 ( 1.4) 282 ( 2.0) 276 ( 1.6) 279 ( 1.2) 276 ( 1.5) 275 ( 1.4) Female ........................................... 299 ( 2.5) 299 ( 1.2) 298 ( 1.5) 296 ( 2.0) 293 ( 1.5) 292 ( 1.4) Race/ ethnicity White .............................................. 297 ( 1.8) 296 ( 1.3) 293 ( 1.2) 294 ( 1.2) 291 ( 1.4) 289 ( 1.5) Black .............................................. 270 ( 3.6) 275 ( 2.9) 268 ( 2.3) 263 ( 3.2) 267 ( 2.2) 267 ( 3.0) Hispanic ......................................... 259 ( 6.6) 274 ( 4.4) 277 ( 2.6) 274 ( 3.8) 271 ( 4.0) 269 ( 2.5) Parental education Not high school graduate ............... 274 ( 5.2) 276 ( 3.5) 268 ( 4.0) 271 ( 3.7) 269 ( 4.7) 260 ( 3.0) Graduated high school ................... 284 ( 3.0) 285 ( 2.2) 278 ( 1.9) 278 ( 2.2) 279 ( 1.7) 275 ( 1.6) Post high school ............................ 298 ( 2.5) 296 ( 2.6) 292 ( 2.7) 292 ( 2.0) 286 ( 1.7) 287 ( 2.1) Graduated college .......................... 300 ( 2.4) 299 ( 2.0) 298 ( 2.0) 296 ( 1.4) 293 ( 1.5) 291 ( 1.9) Control of school Public ............................................. 288 ( 1.6) 290 ( 1.2) 286 ( 1.1) 287 ( 1.6) 284 ( 1.4) 283 ( 1.4) Private ............................................ 305 ( 3.7) 300 ( 3.6) 306 ( 5.2) 295 ( 4.4) 291 ( 3.8) 287 ( 6.6) Region Northeast ........................................ 291 ( 3.0) 295 ( 2.8) 295 ( 2.5) 290 ( 2.3) 291 ( 2.4) 290 ( 2.2) Southeast ....................................... 287 ( 4.9) 289 ( 2.2) 280 ( 2.3) 278 ( 3.3) 277 ( 2.5) 273 ( 2.2) Central ............................................ 291 ( 2.7) 292 ( 4.0) 289 ( 2.7) 291 ( 2.2) 284 ( 2.3) 285 ( 2.5) West ............................................... 289 ( 3.7) 289 ( 2.3) 285 ( 2.1) 289 ( 2.1) 287 ( 2.7) 284 ( 2.2)

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). The writing scale score ranges from 0 to 500 and is defined as the average of a respondent's estimated scores on specific writing tasks. The average response method is used to estimate average writing achievement for each participant as if each had performed all 11 writing tasks. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1996 Trends in Academic Progress, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared September 1997.) 141 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 120.   Student values and attitudes toward writing, by grade level: 1984 to 1994 Statements about writing Percent of students reporting the statement is true more than half the time, by grade level Grade 4 Grade 8 Grade 11 1984 1990 1992 1994 1984 1990 1992 1994 1984 1990 1992 1994 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Writing helps me think more clearly ...................                 44 ( 2.0) 46 ( 1.2) 42 ( 1.6) 42 ( 1.1) 52 ( 2.5) 47 ( 1.4) 50 ( 1.5) 54 ( 1.2) Writing helps me tell others what I think .........                 52 ( 2.1) 56 ( 1.3) 52 ( 1.8) 54 ( 1.3) 55 ( 1.9) 58 ( 1.2) 57 ( 1.2) 58 ( 1.4) Writing helps tell others how I feel .......................                 50 ( 2.0) 56 ( 1.7) 52 ( 1.8) 52 ( 1.5) 55 ( 2.3) 60 ( 1.3) 60 ( 1.2) 60 ( 1.4) Writing helps me understand my own feelings                 40 ( 2.2) 47 ( 1.6) 44 ( 1.4) 45 ( 1.4) 47 ( 2.1) 50 ( 1.3) 49 ( 1.4) 54 ( 1.7) People who write well have a better chance of getting good jobs ...........                 47 ( 2.0) 53 ( 1.3) 51 ( 1.5) 51 ( 1.6) 54 ( 2.1) 58 ( 1.5) 59 ( 1.3) 58 ( 1.6)

People who write well are more influential ..............                 49 ( 1.9) 55 ( 1.3) 52 ( 1.6) 51 ( 1.5) 54 ( 2.4) 60 ( 1.2) 60 ( 1.5) 57 ( 1.5) I like to write ...................... 56 ( 2.3) 57 ( 1.7) 54 ( 1.4) 56 ( 2.0) 39 ( 2.5) 42 ( 1.3) 43 ( 1.8) 42 ( 1.5) 40 ( 2.5) 39 ( 1.3) 43 ( 1.7) 42 ( 1.8) I am a good writer ............. 60 ( 2.1) 62 ( 1.4) 63 ( 1.3) 64 ( 1.4) 42 ( 1.8) 44 ( 1.3) 44 ( 1.5) 49 ( 1.9) 39 ( 1.9) 44 ( 1.3) 49 ( 1.7) 46 ( 1.8) People like what I write ..... 53 ( 2.1) 56 ( 1.8) 55 ( 1.4) 58 ( 1.6) 38 ( 2.4) 39 ( 1.6) 44 ( 1.7) 44 ( 1.8) 36 ( 2.6) 42 ( 1.3) 46 ( 1.5) 44 ( 2.2) I write on my own outside of school ........................ 48 ( 1.9) 42 ( 1.5) 46 ( 1.2) 45 ( 1.8) 36 ( 2.5) 35 ( 1.4) 37 ( 1.6) 36 ( 1.7) 31 ( 2.7) 28 ( 1.0) 33 ( 1.3) 32 ( 1.9)

I don't like to write things that will be graded ......... 38 ( 2.0) 33 ( 1.5) 32 ( 1.2) 33 ( 1.2) 31 ( 2.2) 36 ( 1.2) 37 ( 1.8) 38 ( 1.4) 27 ( 1.9) 30 ( 1.4) 30 ( 1.2) 33 ( 1.3) If I didn't have to write for school, I wouldn't write anything ......................... 33 ( 1.7) 27 ( 1.2) 28 ( 1.2) 27 ( 1.3) 17 ( 2.2) 19 ( 1.1) 18 ( 1.1) 21 ( 1.2) 15 ( 1.4) 16 ( 1.0) 17 ( 1.2) 17 ( 1.1)

  Not available.

NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Trends in Academic Progress, NAEP 1992 Trends in Academic Progress, and NAEP 1994 Trends in Academic Progress, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared May 1999.)

Table 121.   Percent of students at or above selected history proficiency levels, by selected characteristics and grade level: 1994 Selected characteristics of students Percentage of 4th graders Percentage of 8th graders Percentage of 12th graders Below basic At or above basic At or above proficient At or above advanced Below basic At or above basic At or above proficient At or above advanced Below basic At or above basic At or above proficient At or above advanced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 All students ..................... 36 ( 1.1) 64 ( 1.1) 17 ( 1.0) 2 ( 0.3) 39 ( 0.9) 61 ( 0.9) 14 ( 0.6) 1 ( 0.1) 57 ( 1.1) 43 ( 1.1) 11 ( 0.7) 1 ( 0.2)

Sex Male .............................. 38 ( 1.6) 62 ( 1.6) 18 ( 1.4) 2 ( 0.4) 39 ( 1.0) 61 ( 1.0) 15 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.3) 55 ( 1.2) 45 ( 1.2) 12 ( 0.7) 1 ( 0.3) Female ......................... 35 ( 1.4) 65 ( 1.4) 16 ( 1.1) 2 ( 0.4) 39 ( 1.3) 61 ( 1.3) 13 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.1) 60 ( 1.4) 40 ( 1.4) 9 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.2)

Race/ ethnicity White ............................ 26 ( 1.1) 74 ( 1.1) 22 ( 1.4) 3 ( 0.5) 29 ( 1.1) 71 ( 1.1) 17 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.2) 50 ( 1.2) 50 ( 1.2) 13 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.2) Black ............................. 64 ( 1.8) 36 ( 1.8) 4 ( 1.0) 0 ( 0.1) 67 ( 2.3) 33 ( 2.3) 4 ( 0.6) 0 ( 0.1) 83 ( 1.6) 17 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.8) 0 ( 0.1) Hispanic ........................ 59 ( 3.6) 41 ( 3.6) 6 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.4) 59 ( 2.3) 41 ( 2.3) 5 ( 0.7) 0 ( 0.1) 78 ( 2.1) 22 ( 2.1) 4 ( 0.7) 0 ( 0.3) Asian ............................ 36 ( 4.7) 64 ( 4.7) 22 ( 5.1) 4 ( 2.6) 28 ( 5.1) 72 ( 5.1) 23 ( 4.2) 2 ( 1.2) 54 ( 5.4) 46 ( 5.4) 16 ( 4.6) 2 ( 1.1) Pacific Islander ............. 41 ( 7.1) 59 ( 7.1) 16 ( 4.7) 3 ( 2.9) 48 ( 8.7) 52 ( 8.7) 11 ( 4.4) 1 ( 0.8) 67 ( 6.4) 33 ( 6.4) 7 ( 3.8) 1 ( 0.6) American Indian/ Alaskan Native ........... 49 ( 6.9) 51 ( 6.9) 9 ( 2.7) 0 ( 1.1) 58 ( 5.8) 42 ( 5.8) 5 ( 2.6) 0 ( 0.0) 70 ( 7.6) 30 ( 7.6) 5 ( 2.3) 0 ( 0.0)

Region Northeast ...................... 37 ( 2.4) 63 ( 2.4) 18 ( 2.1) 3 ( 0.7) 31 ( 2.0) 69 ( 2.0) 19 ( 1.7) 1 ( 0.3) 54 ( 2.4) 46 ( 2.4) 13 ( 1.5) 1 ( 0.4) Southeast ..................... 39 ( 2.3) 61 ( 2.3) 15 ( 1.5) 2 ( 0.5) 49 ( 1.9) 51 ( 1.9) 9 ( 0.8) 0 ( 0.2) 63 ( 1.9) 37 ( 1.9) 8 ( 1.4) 0 ( 0.3) Central .......................... 29 ( 2.8) 71 ( 2.8) 20 ( 2.6) 3 ( 1.0) 31 ( 2.3) 69 ( 2.3) 17 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.4) 55 ( 2.0) 45 ( 2.0) 11 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.5) West ............................. 39 ( 2.5) 61 ( 2.5) 16 ( 1.8) 1 ( 0.8) 42 ( 1.3) 58 ( 1.3) 11 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.2) 57 ( 2.3) 43 ( 2.3) 10 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.2)

Parents' level of education Not high school graduate ..................... 63 ( 4.1) 37 ( 4.1) 2 ( 1.2) 0 ( 0.0) 63 ( 2.2) 37 ( 2.2) 3 ( 0.7) 0 ( 0.0) 85 ( 1.9) 15 ( 1.9) 1 ( 0.6) 0 ( 0.2) Graduated high school 43 ( 2.7) 57 ( 2.7) 10 ( 1.3) 1 ( 0.4) 50 ( 1.4) 50 ( 1.4) 7 ( 0.9) 0 ( 0.1) 71 ( 1.5) 29 ( 1.5) 4 ( 0.8) 0 ( 0.1) Some college ............... 26 ( 2.8) 74 ( 2.8) 21 ( 2.6) 3 ( 1.0) 32 ( 1.3) 68 ( 1.3) 14 ( 1.1) 0 ( 0.2) 58 ( 1.9) 42 ( 1.9) 8 ( 1.1) 1 ( 0.3) Graduated college ........ 26 ( 1.2) 74 ( 1.2) 25 ( 1.7) 4 ( 0.6) 26 ( 1.2) 74 ( 1.2) 22 ( 1.1) 1 ( 0.3) 44 ( 1.3) 56 ( 1.3) 17 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.4)

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1994 U. S. History Report Card. ( This table was prepared May 1999.) 142 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 122.   Average student proficiency in geography and U. S. history, by selected characteristics and grade level: 1994 Selected characteristics of students Percentage distribution of 12thgraders in geography Geography scores History scores 4th graders 8th graders 12th graders 4th graders 8th graders 12th graders 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total ...................................................................... 100   206 ( 1.2) 260 ( 0.7) 285 ( 0.7) 205 ( 1.0) 259 ( 0.6) 286 ( 0.8)

Sex Male ..................................................................... 50 ( 1.0) 208 ( 1.4) 262 ( 0.9) 288 ( 0.8) 203 ( 1.5) 259 ( 0.8) 288 ( 0.8) Female ................................................................. 50 ( 1.0) 203 ( 1.4) 258 ( 0.8) 281 ( 0.9) 206 ( 1.1) 259 ( 0.7) 285 ( 0.9) Race White .................................................................... 74 ( 0.3) 218 ( 1.5) 270 ( 0.8) 291 ( 0.8) 215 ( 1.2) 267 ( 0.8) 292 ( 0.8) Black .................................................................... 12 ( 0.4) 168 ( 2.5) 229 ( 1.7) 258 ( 1.4) 177 ( 1.6) 239 ( 1.4) 265 ( 1.5) Hispanic ............................................................... 8 ( 0.2) 183 ( 2.5) 239 ( 1.9) 268 ( 1.5) 180 ( 2.7) 243 ( 1.3) 267 ( 1.6) Parents' level of education Not high school graduate ...................................... 7 ( 0.4)     238 ( 1.7) 263 ( 1.2)     241 ( 1.3) 263 ( 1.4) Graduated high school ........................................ 22 ( 0.8)     250 ( 1.2) 274 ( 1.1)     251 ( 0.8) 276 ( 1.1) Some college ....................................................... 25 ( 0.7)     265 ( 1.0) 286 ( 1.0)     264 ( 0.8) 287 ( 1.2) Graduated college ................................................. 44 ( 1.2)     272 ( 1.0) 294 ( 0.9)     270 ( 0.8) 296 ( 0.9) Type of school Public ................................................................... 89 ( 1.0) 204 ( 1.4) 258 ( 0.8) 283 ( 0.8) 203 ( 1.2) 257 ( 0.7) 284 ( 0.8) Private schools .................................................... 11 ( 1.0) 221 ( 2.2) 276 ( 1.3) 294 ( 1.6) 222 ( 1.9) 278 ( 1.1) 299 ( 1.3) Catholic schools ............................................... 6 ( 0.9) 222 ( 2.6) 276 ( 1.6) 291 ( 3.0) 221 ( 2.5) 279 ( 1.5) 298 ( 2.2) Other private .................................................... 4 ( 0.6) 220 ( 3.8) 276 ( 2.6) 298 ( 2.0) 224 ( 3.1) 277 ( 2.1) 299 ( 2.2) Region Northeast ............................................................. 21 ( 0.5) 203 ( 2.7) 266 ( 1.9) 284 ( 1.6) 204 ( 2.4) 266 ( 1.7) 289 ( 1.9) Southeast ............................................................. 23 ( 0.8) 200 ( 2.5) 252 ( 1.6) 278 ( 1.1) 201 ( 1.9) 251 ( 1.3) 282 ( 1.4) Central ................................................................. 28 ( 0.7) 215 ( 3.2) 268 ( 1.6) 289 ( 1.8) 212 ( 2.6) 266 ( 1.3) 288 ( 1.4) West ..................................................................... 29 ( 0.7) 205 ( 1.7) 255 ( 1.8) 286 ( 1.9) 202 ( 2.1) 256 ( 1.1) 286 ( 1.6)

  Not applicable.

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). As with the NAEP reading scale, these scales range from 0 to 500. However, the distribution of scores varies by subject. Therefore, direct score comparisons among the subjects should be avoided. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1994 U. S. History Report Card, and The Geography Report Card, prepared by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared May 1999.)

Table 123.   Percent of students at or above selected geography proficiency levels, by selected characteristics and grade level: 1994 Selected characteristics of students Percentage of 4th graders Percentage of 8th graders Percentage of 12th graders Below basic At or above basic At or above proficient At advanced Below basic At or above basic At or above proficient At advanced Below basic At or above basic At or above proficient At advanced 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 All students .................................... 30 ( 1.1) 70 ( 1.1) 22 ( 1.2) 3 ( 0.4) 29 ( 1.0) 71 ( 1.0) 28 ( 1.0) 4 ( 0.4) 30 ( 0.9) 70 ( 0.9) 27 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.5)

Sex Male ................................................ 29 ( 1.3) 71 ( 1.3) 26 ( 1.7) 4 ( 0.7) 28 ( 1.3) 72 ( 1.3) 30 ( 1.2) 5 ( 0.6) 27 ( 1.1) 73 ( 1.1) 32 ( 1.4) 2 ( 0.7) Female ............................................ 32 ( 1.4) 68 ( 1.4) 19 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.5) 31 ( 1.1) 69 ( 1.1) 25 ( 1.1) 3 ( 0.4) 33 ( 1.2) 67 ( 1.2) 22 ( 1.4) 1 ( 0.4)

Race/ ethnicity White ............................................... 19 ( 1.3) 81 ( 1.3) 29 ( 1.6) 4 ( 0.6) 18 ( 0.9) 82 ( 0.9) 36 ( 1.3) 5 ( 0.5) 22 ( 0.9) 78 ( 0.9) 33 ( 1.5) 2 ( 0.6) Black ............................................... 66 ( 2.4) 34 ( 2.4) 3 ( 0.6) 0 ( 0.2) 66 ( 2.9) 34 ( 2.9) 5 ( 0.7) 0 ( 0.3) 68 ( 2.3) 32 ( 2.3) 5 ( 1.0) 0 ( 0.1) Hispanic .......................................... 51 ( 2.7) 49 ( 2.7) 10 ( 1.7) 1 ( 0.4) 50 ( 3.6) 50 ( 3.6) 10 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.5) 52 ( 2.8) 48 ( 2.8) 10 ( 1.8) 0 ( 0.2) Asian ............................................... 21 ( 4.8) 79 ( 4.8) 32 ( 6.0) 5 ( 3.3) 21 ( 4.3) 79 ( 4.3) 40 ( 3.9) 8 ( 3.6) 31 ( 3.9) 69 ( 3.9) 32 ( 5.7) 3 ( 1.6)

Region Northeast ........................................ 33 ( 2.7) 67 ( 2.7) 22 ( 2.5) 3 ( 0.8) 24 ( 2.2) 76 ( 2.2) 33 ( 2.0) 6 ( 1.0) 31 ( 2.3) 69 ( 2.3) 25 ( 2.1) 2 ( 0.6) Southeast ........................................ 36 ( 2.6) 64 ( 2.6) 17 ( 2.0) 2 ( 0.5) 38 ( 2.1) 62 ( 2.1) 21 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.5) 40 ( 1.5) 60 ( 1.5) 20 ( 1.3) 1 ( 0.6) Central ............................................ 22 ( 2.6) 78 ( 2.6) 28 ( 3.3) 4 ( 1.3) 20 ( 1.7) 80 ( 1.7) 36 ( 2.1) 6 ( 0.9) 25 ( 2.1) 75 ( 2.1) 32 ( 2.9) 2 ( 1.0) West ................................................ 30 ( 1.7) 70 ( 1.7) 21 ( 1.7) 3 ( 0.6) 33 ( 2.4) 67 ( 2.4) 23 ( 2.0) 3 ( 0.7) 28 ( 2.1) 72 ( 2.1) 29 ( 2.6) 2 ( 0.7)

Parents' level of education Not high school graduate ...............                 53 ( 3.4) 47 ( 3.4) 8 ( 1.6) 1 ( 0.5) 59 ( 2.9) 41 ( 2.9) 7 ( 2.0) 0 ( 0.0) Graduated high school ...................                 38 ( 2.0) 62 ( 2.0) 15 ( 1.5) 1 ( 0.6) 44 ( 2.0) 56 ( 2.0) 14 ( 1.6) 0 ( 0.3) Some college ..................................                 21 ( 1.3) 79 ( 1.3) 29 ( 2.3) 3 ( 0.8) 25 ( 1.5) 75 ( 1.5) 24 ( 1.8) 1 ( 0.7) Graduated college ..........................                 18 ( 1.2) 82 ( 1.2) 41 ( 1.4) 7 ( 0.7) 19 ( 1.1) 81 ( 1.1) 40 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.8)

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP 1994 Geography Report Card. ( This table was prepared May 1999.) 143 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 124.   Average mathematics proficiency, by age and by selected characteristics of students: 1973 to 1999 Selected characteristics of students 1973 1978 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 year olds Total .................................................. 219.0 ( 0.8) 218.6 ( 0.8) 219.0 ( 1.1) 221.7 ( 1.0) 229.6 ( 0.8) 229.6 ( 0.8) 231.1 ( 0.8) 231.0 ( 0.8) 232.0 ( 0.8)

Male .............................................. 218.0 ( 0.7) 217.4 ( 0.7) 217.1 ( 1.2) 221.7 ( 1.1) 229.1 ( 0.9) 230.8 ( 1.0) 232.2 ( 1.0) 232.9 ( 1.2) 232.9 ( 1.0) Female .......................................... 220.0 ( 1.1) 219.9 ( 1.0) 220.8 ( 1.2) 221.7 ( 1.2) 230.2 ( 1.1) 228.4 ( 1.0) 230.0 ( 0.9) 229.0 ( 0.7) 231.2 ( 0.9) Race/ ethnicity White ............................................ 225.0 ( 1.0) 224.1 ( 0.9) 224.0 ( 1.1) 226.9 ( 1.1) 235.2 ( 0.8) 235.1 ( 0.8) 236.8 ( 1.0) 236.9 ( 1.0) 238.8 ( 0.9) Black ............................................. 190.0 ( 1.8) 192.4 ( 1.1) 194.9 ( 1.6) 201.6 ( 1.6) 208.4 ( 2.2) 208.0 ( 2.0) 212.1 ( 1.6) 211.6 ( 1.4) 210.9 ( 1.6) Hispanic ........................................ 202.0 ( 2.4) 202.9 ( 2.2) 204.0 ( 1.3) 205.4 ( 2.1) 213.8 ( 2.1) 211.9 ( 2.3) 209.9 ( 2.3) 214.7 ( 1.7) 212.9 ( 1.9) Parental education Not high school graduate .............     200.3 ( 1.5) 199.0 ( 1.7) 200.6 ( 2.5) 210.4 ( 2.3) 216.7 ( 2.2) 210.0 ( 3.0) 219.8 ( 3.3) 213.5 ( 2.8) Graduated high school .................     219.2 ( 1.1) 218.3 ( 1.1) 218.4 ( 1.6) 226.2 ( 1.2) 222.0 ( 1.5) 225.3 ( 1.3) 221.2 ( 1.7) 224.4 ( 1.7) Some education after high school ................................     230.1 ( 1.7) 225.2 ( 2.1) 228.6 ( 2.1) 235.8 ( 2.0) 237.4 ( 1.9) 239.3 ( 2.1) 238.2 ( 2.5) 236.7 ( 1.9) Graduated college ........................     231.3 ( 1.1) 228.8 ( 1.5) 231.3 ( 1.1) 237.6 ( 1.3) 236.2 ( 1.0) 237.8 ( 0.8) 239.7 ( 1.4) 239.7 ( 0.8) Control of school Public ............................................     217.2 ( 0.8) 217.0 ( 1.1) 220.1 ( 1.2) 228.6 ( 0.9) 227.7 ( 0.9) 229.3 ( 0.9) 229.7 ( 0.8) 230.6 ( 0.9) Private ..........................................     230.5 ( 1.7) 231.8 ( 2.1) 230.0 ( 2.5) 238.1 ( 2.3) 241.5 ( 1.7) 244.5 ( 2.3) 239.1 ( 2.1) 242.0 ( 1.9) Region Northeast ...................................... 227.0 ( 1.9) 226.9 ( 1.9) 225.7 ( 1.8) 226.0 ( 2.7) 235.8 ( 2.1) 234.8 ( 1.9) 237.6 ( 2.2) 236.4 ( 2.0) 241.5 ( 1.7) Southeast ..................................... 208.0 ( 1.3) 208.9 ( 1.2) 210.4 ( 2.5) 217.8 ( 2.5) 223.9 ( 2.4) 221.0 ( 1.7) 229.0 ( 1.4) 226.9 ( 2.0) 226.5 ( 2.6) Central .......................................... 224.0 ( 1.5) 224.0 ( 1.5) 221.1 ( 2.7) 226.0 ( 2.3) 230.7 ( 1.3) 233.7 ( 1.6) 233.1 ( 1.8) 233.0 ( 2.3) 233.0 ( 1.4) West ............................................. 216.0 ( 2.2) 213.5 ( 1.3) 219.3 ( 1.8) 217.2 ( 2.4) 228.5 ( 1.8) 229.0 ( 2.3) 226.0 ( 1.6) 228.6 ( 1.3) 228.1 ( 1.7)

13 year olds Total .................................................. 266.0 ( 1.1) 264.1 ( 1.1) 268.6 ( 1.1) 269.0 ( 1.2) 270.4 ( 0.9) 273.1 ( 0.9) 274.3 ( 1.0) 274.3 ( 0.8) 275.8 ( 0.8)

Male .............................................. 265.0 ( 1.3) 263.6 ( 1.3) 269.2 ( 1.4) 270.0 ( 1.1) 271.2 ( 1.2) 274.1 ( 1.1) 276.0 ( 1.3) 276.3 ( 0.9) 277.2 ( 0.9) Female .......................................... 267.0 ( 1.1) 264.7 ( 1.1) 268.0 ( 1.1) 267.9 ( 1.5) 269.6 ( 0.9) 272.0 ( 1.0) 272.7 ( 1.0) 272.4 ( 1.0) 274.5 ( 1.1) Race/ ethnicity White ............................................ 274.0 ( 0.9) 271.6 ( 0.8) 274.4 ( 1.0) 273.6 ( 1.3) 276.3 ( 1.1) 278.9 ( 0.9) 280.8 ( 0.9) 281.2 ( 0.9) 283.1 ( 0.8) Black ............................................. 228.0 ( 1.9) 229.6 ( 1.9) 240.4 ( 1.6) 249.2 ( 2.3) 249.1 ( 2.3) 250.2 ( 1.9) 251.5 ( 3.5) 252.1 ( 1.3) 251.0 ( 2.6) Hispanic ........................................ 239.0 ( 2.2) 238.0 ( 2.0) 252.4 ( 1.7) 254.3 ( 2.9) 254.6 ( 1.8) 259.3 ( 1.8) 256.0 ( 1.9) 255.7 ( 1.6) 259.2 ( 1.7) Parental education Not high school graduate .............     244.7 ( 1.2) 251.0 ( 1.4) 252.3 ( 2.3) 253.4 ( 1.8) 255.5 ( 1.0) 254.5 ( 2.1) 253.7 ( 2.4) 256.2 ( 2.8) Graduated high school .................     263.1 ( 1.0) 262.9 ( 0.8) 262.7 ( 1.2) 262.6 ( 1.2) 263.2 ( 1.2) 265.7 ( 1.1) 266.8 ( 1.1) 264.0 ( 1.1) Some education after high school ................................     273.1 ( 1.2) 275.1 ( 0.9) 273.7 ( 0.8) 277.1 ( 1.0) 277.6 ( 1.0) 277.3 ( 1.6) 277.5 ( 1.4) 279.4 ( 0.9) Graduated college ........................     283.8 ( 1.2) 282.3 ( 1.5) 279.9 ( 1.4) 280.4 ( 1.0) 282.8 ( 1.0) 284.9 ( 1.2) 282.9 ( 1.2) 285.8 ( 1.0) Control of school Public ............................................     262.6 ( 1.2) 267.1 ( 1.3) 268.7 ( 1.2) 269.3 ( 1.0) 271.7 ( 1.0) 273.0 ( 1.1) 272.9 ( 0.9) 274.2 ( 1.2) Private ..........................................     279.2 ( 1.4) 281.1 ( 2.1) 275.7 ( 4.9) 279.9 ( 1.7) 283.3 ( 2.5) 284.6 ( 2.4) 285.5 ( 3.6) 288.5 ( 2.6) Region Northeast ...................................... 275.0 ( 2.4) 272.7 ( 2.4) 276.9 ( 2.0) 276.6 ( 2.2) 274.7 ( 2.3) 273.6 ( 2.2) 284.2 ( 1.5) 275.1 ( 2.1) 278.7 ( 2.7) Southeast ..................................... 255.0 ( 3.2) 252.7 ( 3.3) 258.1 ( 2.2) 263.5 ( 1.4) 265.7 ( 1.9) 271.0 ( 2.5) 268.6 ( 2.0) 270.0 ( 1.8) 270.2 ( 2.3) Central .......................................... 271.0 ( 1.8) 269.4 ( 1.8) 272.8 ( 2.1) 266.1 ( 4.5) 272.2 ( 2.4) 275.4 ( 1.5) 275.0 ( 3.4) 280.4 ( 1.3) 277.8 ( 1.8) West ............................................. 262.0 ( 1.9) 260.0 ( 1.9) 266.0 ( 2.4) 270.4 ( 2.1) 269.1 ( 1.6) 272.3 ( 1.4) 271.5 ( 1.7) 272.6 ( 1.9) 276.1 ( 1.4)

17 year olds Total .................................................. 304.0 ( 1.1) 300.4 ( 1.0) 298.5 ( 0.9) 302.0 ( 0.9) 304.6 ( 0.9) 306.7 ( 0.9) 306.2 ( 1.0) 307.2 ( 1.2) 308.2 ( 1.0)

Male .............................................. 309.0 ( 1.2) 303.8 ( 1.0) 301.5 ( 1.0) 304.7 ( 1.2) 306.3 ( 1.1) 308.9 ( 1.1) 308.5 ( 1.4) 309.5 ( 1.3) 309.8 ( 1.4) Female .......................................... 301.0 ( 1.1) 297.1 ( 1.0) 295.6 ( 1.0) 299.4 ( 1.0) 302.9 ( 1.1) 304.5 ( 1.1) 304.1 ( 1.1) 304.9 ( 1.4) 306.8 ( 1.0) Race/ ethnicity White ............................................ 310.0 ( 1.1) 305.9 ( 0.9) 303.7 ( 0.9) 307.5 ( 1.0) 309.5 ( 1.0) 311.9 ( 0.8) 312.3 ( 1.1) 313.4 ( 1.4) 314.8 ( 1.1) Black ............................................. 270.0 ( 1.3) 268.4 ( 1.3) 271.8 ( 1.2) 278.6 ( 2.1) 288.5 ( 2.8) 285.8 ( 2.2) 285.5 ( 1.8) 286.4 ( 1.7) 283.3 ( 1.5) Hispanic ........................................ 277.0 ( 2.2) 276.3 ( 2.3) 276.7 ( 1.8) 283.1 ( 2.9) 283.5 ( 2.9) 292.2 ( 2.6) 290.8 ( 3.7) 292.0 ( 2.1) 292.7 ( 2.5) Parental education Not high school graduate .............     279.6 ( 1.2) 279.3 ( 1.0) 279.3 ( 2.3) 285.4 ( 2.2) 285.5 ( 2.3) 283.7 ( 2.4) 280.5 ( 2.4) 289.2 ( 1.8) Graduated high school .................     293.9 ( 0.8) 293.4 ( 0.8) 293.1 ( 1.0) 293.7 ( 0.9) 297.6 ( 1.7) 295.3 ( 1.1) 297.3 ( 2.4) 299.1 ( 1.6) Some education after high school ................................     305.3 ( 0.9) 303.9 ( 0.9) 305.2 ( 1.2) 307.7 ( 1.0) 307.5 ( 1.1) 305.0 ( 1.3) 306.7 ( 1.5) 307.6 ( 1.6) Graduated college ........................     316.8 ( 1.0) 312.4 ( 1.0) 313.9 ( 1.4) 316.2 ( 1.3) 315.9 ( 1.0) 317.6 ( 1.4) 316.6 ( 1.3) 316.5 ( 1.2) Control of school Public ............................................     299.6 ( 1.0) 297.3 ( 0.9) 301.2 ( 1.0) 303.5 ( 0.8) 305.3 ( 0.9) 304.4 ( 0.9) 306.4 ( 1.1) 306.7 ( 1.0) Private ..........................................     314.3 ( 3.2) 311.4 ( 1.7) 320.1 ( 9.8) 317.7 ( 6.6) 320.4 ( 3.0) 319.4 ( 4.0) 315.5 ( 4.5) 320.6 ( 4.1) Region Northeast ...................................... 312.0 ( 1.8) 306.7 ( 1.8) 304.0 ( 2.0) 307.4 ( 1.9) 303.8 ( 2.1) 311.4 ( 2.0) 312.7 ( 2.9) 308.7 ( 3.0) 312.9 ( 2.4) Southeast ..................................... 296.0 ( 1.8) 292.3 ( 1.7) 292.3 ( 2.1) 297.3 ( 1.4) 301.0 ( 2.3) 301.3 ( 1.9) 300.9 ( 1.6) 302.7 ( 2.1) 299.5 ( 1.4) Central .......................................... 306.0 ( 1.8) 305.2 ( 1.9) 302.0 ( 1.4) 303.6 ( 1.9) 311.2 ( 2.1) 312.2 ( 2.0) 307.0 ( 2.2) 314.0 ( 2.0) 309.6 ( 2.0) West ............................................. 303.0 ( 2.0) 295.5 ( 1.8) 294.1 ( 1.9) 299.3 ( 2.7) 302.1 ( 1.5) 303.1 ( 1.5) 304.8 ( 2.4) 303.8 ( 2.3) 310.4 ( 2.0)

  Not available.

NOTE: All age groups exclude persons not enrolled in school. These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Performers at the 150 level know some basic addition and subtraction facts, and most can add 2 digit numbers without regrouping. They recognize simple situations in which addition and subtraction apply. Performers at the 200 level have considerable understanding of 2 digit numbers and know some basic multiplication and division facts. Performers at the 250 level have an initial understanding of the four basic operations. They can also compare information from graphs and charts, and are developing an ability to analyze simple logical relations. Performers at the 300 level can compute decimals, simple fractions and percents. They can identify geometric figures, measure lengths and angles, and calculate areas of rectangles They are developing the skills to operate with signed numbers, exponents, and square roots. Performers at the 350 level can apply a range of reasoning skills to solve multistep problems. They can solve routine problems involving fractions and percents, recognize properties of basic geometric figures, and work with exponents and square roots. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 144 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 125.   Percent of students at or above selected mathematics proficiency levels, by sex, race/ ethnicity, control of school, and age: 1978 to 1999 Sex, race/ ethnicity, control, and year 9 year olds 1 13 year olds 2 17 year olds 2 Simple arithmetic facts 3 Beginning skills and understanding 4 Numerical operations and beginning problem solving 5 Moderately complex procedures and reasoning 6 Beginning skills and understanding 4 Numerical operations and beginning problem solving 5 Moderately complex procedures and reasoning 6 Multi step problem solving and algebra 7 Beginning skills and understanding 4 Numerical operations and beginning problem solving 5 Moderately complex procedures and reasoning 6 Multi step problem solving and algebra 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 1978 ................................. 96.7 ( 0.3) 70.4 ( 0.9) 19.6 ( 0.7) 0.8 ( 0.1) 94.6 ( 0.5) 64.9 ( 1.2) 18.0 ( 0.7) 1.0 ( 0.2) 99.8 ( 0.1) 92.0 ( 0.5) 51.5 ( 1.1) 7.3 ( 0.4) 1982 ................................. 97.1 ( 0.3) 71.4 ( 1.2) 18.8 ( 1.0) 0.6 ( 0.1) 97.7 ( 0.4) 71.4 ( 1.2) 17.4 ( 0.9) 0.5 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.0) 93.0 ( 0.5) 48.5 ( 1.3) 5.5 ( 0.4) 1986 ................................. 97.9 ( 0.3) 74.1 ( 1.2) 20.7 ( 0.9) 0.6 ( 0.2) 98.6 ( 0.2) 73.3 ( 1.6) 15.8 ( 1.0) 0.4 ( 0.1) 99.9   95.6 ( 0.5) 51.7 ( 1.4) 6.5 ( 0.5) 1990 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.2) 81.5 ( 1.0) 27.7 ( 0.9) 1.2 ( 0.3) 98.5 ( 0.2) 74.7 ( 1.0) 17.3 ( 1.0) 0.4 ( 0.1) 100.0   96.0 ( 0.5) 56.1 ( 1.4) 7.2 ( 0.6) 1992 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.2) 81.4 ( 0.8) 27.8 ( 0.9) 1.2 ( 0.3) 98.7 ( 0.3) 77.9 ( 1.1) 18.9 ( 1.0) 0.4 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.6 ( 0.5) 59.1 ( 1.3) 7.2 ( 0.6) 1994 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.2) 82.0 ( 0.7) 29.9 ( 1.1) 1.3 ( 0.4) 98.5 ( 0.3) 78.1 ( 1.1) 21.3 ( 1.4) 0.6 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.5 ( 0.5) 58.6 ( 1.4) 7.4 ( 0.8) 1996 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.2) 81.5 ( 0.8) 29.7 ( 1.0) 1.6 ( 0.3) 98.8 ( 0.2) 78.6 ( 0.9) 20.6 ( 1.2) 0.6 ( 0.1) 100.0   96.8 ( 0.4) 60.1 ( 1.7) 7.4 ( 0.8) 1999 ................................. 98.9 ( 0.2) 82.5 ( 0.8) 30.9 ( 1.1) 1.7 ( 0.3) 98.7 ( 0.2) 78.8 ( 1.0) 23.2 ( 1.0) 0.9 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.8 ( 0.5) 60.7 ( 1.6) 8.4 ( 0.8)

Male 1978 ................................. 96.2 ( 0.5) 68.9 ( 1.0) 19.2 ( 0.6) 0.7 ( 0.2) 93.9 ( 0.5) 63.9 ( 1.3) 18.4 ( 0.9) 1.1 ( 0.2) 99.9 ( 0.1) 93.0 ( 0.5) 55.1 ( 1.2) 9.5 ( 0.6) 1982 ................................. 96.5 ( 0.5) 68.8 ( 1.3) 18.1 ( 1.1) 0.6 ( 0.1) 97.5 ( 0.6) 71.3 ( 1.4) 18.9 ( 1.2) 0.7 ( 0.2) 100.0   93.9 ( 0.6) 51.9 ( 1.5) 6.9 ( 0.7) 1986 ................................. 98.0 ( 0.5) 74.0 ( 1.4) 20.9 ( 1.1) 0.7 ( 0.3) 98.5 ( 0.3) 73.8 ( 1.8) 17.6 ( 1.1) 0.5 ( 0.2) 99.9   96.1 ( 0.6) 54.6 ( 1.8) 8.4 ( 0.9) 1990 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.3) 80.6 ( 1.0) 27.5 ( 1.0) 1.3 ( 0.4) 98.2 ( 0.3) 75.1 ( 1.8) 19.0 ( 1.2) 0.5 ( 0.2) 99.9   95.8 ( 0.8) 57.6 ( 1.4) 8.8 ( 0.8) 1992 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.3) 81.9 ( 1.0) 29.4 ( 1.2) 1.4 ( 0.3) 98.8 ( 0.4) 78.1 ( 1.6) 20.7 ( 1.1) 0.5 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.9 ( 0.6) 60.5 ( 1.8) 9.1 ( 0.7) 1994 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.3) 82.3 ( 0.9) 31.5 ( 1.6) 1.4 ( 0.4) 98.3 ( 0.4) 78.9 ( 1.5) 23.9 ( 1.6) 0.8 ( 0.3) 100.0   97.3 ( 0.6) 60.2 ( 2.1) 9.3 ( 1.0) 1996 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.2) 82.5 ( 1.1) 32.7 ( 1.7) 2.0 ( 0.5) 98.7 ( 0.3) 79.8 ( 1.4) 23.0 ( 1.6) 0.8 ( 0.2) 100.0   97.0 ( 0.7) 62.7 ( 1.8) 9.5 ( 1.3) 1999 ................................. 98.8 ( 0.3) 82.6 ( 0.9) 32.4 ( 1.3) 1.9 ( 0.4) 98.5 ( 0.3) 79.3 ( 1.1) 25.4 ( 1.2) 1.2 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.5 ( 0.8) 63.1 ( 2.1) 9.8 ( 1.1)

Female 1978 ................................. 97.2 ( 0.3) 72.0 ( 1.1) 19.9 ( 1.0) 0.8 ( 0.2) 95.2 ( 0.5) 65.9 ( 1.2) 17.5 ( 0.7) 0.9 ( 0.2) 99.7 ( 0.1) 91.0 ( 0.6) 48.2 ( 1.3) 5.2 ( 0.7) 1982 ................................. 97.6 ( 0.3) 74.0 ( 1.3) 19.6 ( 1.1) 0.5 ( 0.1) 98.0 ( 0.3) 71.4 ( 1.3) 15.9 ( 1.0) 0.4 ( 0.2) 99.9 ( 0.0) 92.1 ( 0.6) 45.3 ( 1.4) 4.1 ( 0.4) 1986 ................................. 97.8 ( 0.4) 74.3 ( 1.3) 20.6 ( 1.3) 0.6 ( 0.3) 98.6 ( 0.3) 72.7 ( 1.9) 14.1 ( 1.3) 0.3 ( 0.1) 100.0   95.1 ( 0.7) 48.9 ( 1.7) 4.7 ( 0.6) 1990 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.3) 82.3 ( 1.3) 27.9 ( 1.3) 1.0 ( 0.3) 98.9 ( 0.2) 74.4 ( 1.3) 15.7 ( 1.0) 0.2 ( 0.1) 100.0   96.2 ( 0.8) 54.7 ( 1.8) 5.6 ( 0.8) 1992 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.3) 80.9 ( 1.1) 26.3 ( 1.5) 1.0 ( 0.4) 98.6 ( 0.2) 77.7 ( 1.1) 17.2 ( 1.4) 0.3   100.0   96.3 ( 0.8) 57.7 ( 1.6) 5.2 ( 0.8) 1994 ................................. 98.9 ( 0.3) 81.7 ( 0.9) 28.3 ( 1.3) 1.1 ( 0.4) 98.7 ( 0.3) 77.3 ( 1.0) 18.7 ( 1.4) 0.5 ( 0.3) 100.0   96.0 ( 0.6) 57.2 ( 1.4) 5.5 ( 0.9) 1996 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.4) 80.7 ( 0.9) 26.7 ( 1.1) 1.2 ( 0.4) 98.8 ( 0.3) 77.4 ( 1.1) 18.4 ( 1.5) 0.5 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.7 ( 0.6) 57.6 ( 2.2) 5.3 ( 0.8) 1999 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.2) 82.5 ( 1.2) 29.4 ( 1.4) 1.6 ( 0.4) 99.0 ( 0.4) 78.4 ( 1.2) 21.0 ( 1.4) 0.6 ( 0.3) 100.0   97.2 ( 0.4) 58.5 ( 1.9) 7.1 ( 1.1)

White, non Hispanic 1978 ................................. 98.3 ( 0.2) 76.3 ( 1.0) 22.9 ( 0.9) 0.9 ( 0.2) 97.6 ( 0.3) 72.9 ( 0.9) 21.4 ( 0.7) 1.2 ( 0.2) 100.0   95.6 ( 0.3) 57.6 ( 1.1) 8.5 ( 0.5) 1982 ................................. 98.5 ( 0.3) 76.8 ( 1.2) 21.8 ( 1.1) 0.6 ( 0.1) 99.1 ( 0.1) 78.3 ( 0.9) 20.5 ( 1.0) 0.6 ( 0.1) 100.0   96.2 ( 0.3) 54.7 ( 1.4) 6.4 ( 0.5) 1986 ................................. 98.8 ( 0.2) 79.6 ( 1.3) 24.6 ( 1.0) 0.8 ( 0.3) 99.3 ( 0.3) 78.9 ( 1.7) 18.6 ( 1.2) 0.4 ( 0.1) 100.0   98.0 ( 0.4) 59.1 ( 1.7) 7.9 ( 0.7) 1990 ................................. 99.6 ( 0.2) 86.9 ( 0.9) 32.7 ( 1.0) 1.5 ( 0.4) 99.4 ( 0.1) 82.0 ( 1.0) 21.0 ( 1.2) 0.4 ( 0.2) 100.0   97.6 ( 0.3) 63.2 ( 1.6) 8.3 ( 0.7) 1992 ................................. 99.6 ( 0.1) 86.9 ( 0.7) 32.4 ( 1.0) 1.4 ( 0.3) 99.6 ( 0.2) 84.9 ( 1.1) 22.8 ( 1.3) 0.4 ( 0.2) 100.0   98.3 ( 0.4) 66.4 ( 1.4) 8.7 ( 0.9) 1994 ................................. 99.6 ( 0.2) 87.0 ( 0.8) 35.3 ( 1.3) 1.5 ( 0.4) 99.3 ( 0.2) 85.5 ( 0.9) 25.6 ( 1.6) 0.7 ( 0.3) 100.0   98.4 ( 0.4) 67.0 ( 1.4) 9.4 ( 1.1) 1996 ................................. 99.6 ( 0.1) 86.6 ( 0.8) 35.7 ( 1.4) 2.0 ( 0.4) 99.6 ( 0.2) 86.4 ( 1.0) 25.4 ( 1.5) 0.8 ( 0.2) 100.0   98.7 ( 0.4) 68.7 ( 2.2) 9.2 ( 1.0) 1999 ................................. 99.6 ( 0.1) 88.6 ( 0.8) 37.1 ( 1.4) 2.2 ( 0.4) 99.4 ( 0.3) 86.7 ( 0.9) 29.0 ( 1.3) 1.2 ( 0.3) 100.0   98.7 ( 0.4) 69.9 ( 2.0) 10.4 ( 1.1)

Black, non Hispanic 1978 ................................. 88.4 ( 1.0) 42.0 ( 1.4) 4.1 ( 0.6) 0.0   79.7 ( 1.5) 28.7 ( 2.1) 2.3 ( 0.5) 0.0   98.8 ( 0.3) 70.7 ( 1.7) 16.8 ( 1.6) 0.5 ( 0.2) 1982 ................................. 90.2 ( 1.0) 46.1 ( 2.4) 4.4 ( 0.8) 0.0   90.2 ( 1.6) 37.9 ( 2.5) 2.9 ( 1.0) 0.0   99.7 ( 0.2) 76.4 ( 1.5) 17.1 ( 1.5) 0.5 ( 0.3) 1986 ................................. 93.9 ( 1.4) 53.4 ( 2.5) 5.6 ( 0.9) 0.1   95.4 ( 0.9) 49.0 ( 3.7) 4.0 ( 1.4) 0.1   100.0   85.6 ( 2.5) 20.8 ( 2.8) 0.2   1990 ................................. 96.9 ( 0.9) 60.0 ( 2.8) 9.4 ( 1.7) 0.1   95.4 ( 1.1) 48.7 ( 3.6) 3.9 ( 1.6) 0.1   99.9   92.4 ( 2.2) 32.8 ( 4.5) 2.0 ( 1.0) 1992 ................................. 96.6 ( 1.1) 59.8 ( 2.8) 9.6 ( 1.4) 0.1   95.0 ( 1.4) 51.0 ( 2.7) 4.0 ( 0.7) 0.1   100.0   89.6 ( 2.5) 29.8 ( 3.9) 0.9   1994 ................................. 97.4 ( 1.0) 65.9 ( 2.6) 11.1 ( 1.7) 0.0   95.6 ( 1.6) 51.0 ( 3.9) 6.4 ( 2.4) 0.3   100.0   90.6 ( 1.8) 29.8 ( 3.4) 0.4   1996 ................................. 97.3 ( 0.8) 65.3 ( 2.4) 10.0 ( 1.2) 0.1   96.2 ( 1.3) 53.7 ( 2.6) 4.8 ( 1.1) 0.1   100.0   90.6 ( 1.3) 31.2 ( 2.5) 0.9   1999 ................................. 96.4 ( 0.6) 63.3 ( 2.1) 12.3 ( 1.5) 0.2   96.5 ( 1.1) 50.8 ( 4.0) 4.4 ( 1.4) 0.0   99.9   88.6 ( 2.0) 26.6 ( 2.7) 1.0   Hispanic 1978 ................................. 93.0 ( 1.2) 54.2 ( 2.8) 9.2 ( 2.5) 0.2   86.4 ( 0.9) 36.0 ( 2.9) 4.0 ( 1.0) 0.1   99.3 ( 0.4) 78.3 ( 2.3) 23.4 ( 2.7) 1.4 ( 0.6) 1982 ................................. 94.3 ( 1.2) 55.7 ( 2.3) 7.8 ( 1.7) 0.0   95.9 ( 0.9) 52.2 ( 2.5) 6.3 ( 1.0) 0.0   99.8   81.4 ( 1.9) 21.6 ( 2.2) 0.7 ( 0.4) 1986 ................................. 96.4 ( 1.3) 57.6 ( 2.9) 7.3 ( 2.8) 0.1   96.9 ( 1.4) 56.0 ( 5.0) 5.5 ( 1.1) 0.2   99.4   89.3 ( 2.5) 26.5 ( 4.5) 1.1   1990 ................................. 98.0 ( 0.8) 68.4 ( 3.0) 11.3 ( 3.5) 0.2   96.8 ( 1.1) 56.7 ( 3.3) 6.4 ( 1.7) 0.1   99.6   85.8 ( 4.2) 30.1 ( 3.1) 1.9 ( 0.8) 1992 ................................. 97.2 ( 1.3) 65.0 ( 2.9) 11.7 ( 2.5) 0.1   98.1 ( 0.7) 63.3 ( 2.7) 7.0 ( 1.2) 0.0   100.0   94.1 ( 2.2) 39.2 ( 4.9) 1.2   1994 ................................. 97.2 ( 1.2) 63.5 ( 3.1) 9.7 ( 1.8) 0.0   97.1 ( 1.3) 59.2 ( 2.2) 6.4 ( 1.8) 0.0   100.0   91.8 ( 3.6) 38.3 ( 5.5) 1.4   1996 ................................. 98.1 ( 0.7) 67.1 ( 2.1) 13.8 ( 2.3) 0.2   96.2 ( 0.8) 58.3 ( 2.3) 6.7 ( 1.2) 0.0   99.9   92.2 ( 2.2) 40.1 ( 3.5) 1.8   1999 ................................. 98.1 ( 0.7) 67.5 ( 2.5) 10.5 ( 1.6) 0.1   97.2 ( 0.6) 62.9 ( 2.5) 8.2 ( 1.4) 0.1   99.9   93.6 ( 2.2) 37.7 ( 4.1) 3.1 ( 1.1)

Public 1978 ................................. 96.4 ( 0.3) 68.8 ( 0.9) 18.5 ( 0.7) 0.7 ( 0.2) 94.1 ( 0.5) 63.3 ( 1.2) 17.0 ( 0.8) 0.9 ( 0.2) 99.8 ( 0.1) 91.7 ( 0.5) 50.6 ( 1.2) 7.0 ( 0.4) 1982 ................................. 96.8 ( 0.4) 69.4 ( 1.2) 17.3 ( 0.9) 0.5 ( 0.1) 97.5 ( 0.4) 69.7 ( 1.3) 16.4 ( 1.0) 0.5 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.0) 92.5 ( 0.6) 46.9 ( 1.3) 5.2 ( 0.4) 1986 ................................. 97.7 ( 0.3) 72.7 ( 1.4) 19.1 ( 1.1) 0.6 ( 0.2) 98.5 ( 0.3) 72.9 ( 1.7) 15.6 ( 1.0) 0.4 ( 0.1) 99.9   95.5 ( 0.5) 50.7 ( 1.6) 6.1 ( 0.5) 1990 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.2) 80.5 ( 1.1) 26.8 ( 1.0) 1.1 ( 0.3) 98.4 ( 0.2) 73.3 ( 1.2) 16.7 ( 1.1) 0.3 ( 0.1) 100.0   95.8 ( 0.6) 55.0 ( 1.3) 6.5 ( 0.5) 1992 ................................. 98.8 ( 0.3) 79.7 ( 0.9) 26.1 ( 0.9) 1.1 ( 0.3) 98.5 ( 0.3) 76.3 ( 1.2) 18.0 ( 1.0) 0.3 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.3 ( 0.6) 56.9 ( 1.2) 6.7 ( 0.7) 1994 ................................. 98.9 ( 0.3) 80.6 ( 0.8) 27.9 ( 1.2) 1.1 ( 0.4) 98.5 ( 0.3) 76.7 ( 1.2) 20.0 ( 1.4) 0.6 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.2 ( 0.5) 56.2 ( 1.3) 6.4 ( 0.7) 1996 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.2) 80.7 ( 0.8) 28.3 ( 1.1) 1.5 ( 0.3) 98.6 ( 0.2) 77.2 ( 0.9) 19.2 ( 1.3) 0.6 ( 0.1) 100.0   96.7 ( 0.5) 59.0 ( 1.8) 7.1 ( 0.7) 1999 ................................. 98.8 ( 0.2) 81.4 ( 1.0) 29.4 ( 1.2) 1.6 ( 0.3) 98.7 ( 0.2) 77.3 ( 1.3) 21.6 ( 1.3) 0.8 ( 0.2) 100.0   96.4 ( 0.5) 58.6 ( 1.6) 7.9 ( 0.7)

Private 1978 ................................. 99.0   83.3 ( 1.9) 28.4 ( 2.0) 1.2 ( 0.4) 99.0 ( 0.4) 80.8 ( 1.7) 26.9 ( 1.8) 1.4 ( 0.4) 100.0   97.1 ( 0.6) 67.7 ( 3.3) 12.9 ( 2.7) 1982 ................................. 99.0 ( 0.4) 84.3 ( 2.1) 28.6 ( 2.6) 1.0 ( 0.6) 99.5 ( 0.3) 85.1 ( 1.6) 26.3 ( 3.1) 1.0 ( 0.3) 100.0   98.1 ( 0.5) 66.3 ( 2.4) 8.2 ( 1.4) 1986 ................................. 98.7 ( 0.8) 81.8 ( 2.3) 28.9 ( 2.7) 1.1 ( 0.6) 98.9 ( 0.6) 81.9 ( 3.3) 22.0 ( 6.8) 0.1   100.0   99.4   75.1 ( 10.6) 16.3 ( 9.1) 1990 ................................. 99.7   89.3 ( 1.8) 35.2 ( 3.3) 1.8 ( 1.2) 99.7   87.0 ( 2.0) 23.2 ( 2.5) 0.7 ( 0.4) 100.0   98.2 ( 1.2) 71.0 ( 7.9) 15.7 ( 5.3) 1992 ................................. 99.8 ( 0.1) 92.2 ( 1.2) 38.6 ( 2.7) 1.9 ( 0.7) 99.9   89.7 ( 2.1) 25.9 ( 3.7) 0.7 ( 0.4) 100.0   99.5   79.5 ( 3.7) 12.2 ( 2.7) 1994 ................................. 99.8   92.3 ( 1.3) 44.4 ( 4.0) 2.2 ( 0.8) 98.7   88.5 ( 2.6) 30.7 ( 3.7) 1.0   100.0   98.8 ( 0.6) 75.7 ( 4.3) 14.5 ( 3.5) 1996 ................................. 99.6   87.1 ( 1.5) 38.7 ( 3.0) 2.1 ( 1.1) 99.6   89.3 ( 3.5) 31.6 ( 4.8) 1.0 ( 0.6) 100.0   98.5 ( 0.8) 71.5 ( 6.4) 10.4 ( 4.0) 1999 ................................. 99.8   90.5 ( 1.6) 40.6 ( 2.9) 2.6 ( 0.9) 99.2   90.4 ( 2.6) 35.4 ( 3.1) 1.9 ( 0.8) 100.0   99.7   78.2 ( 6.1) 13.1 ( 4.6)

  Not available. 1 Virtually no students were able to perform multistep problems and algebra. 2 Virtually all students knew simple arithmetic facts. Data are only for students enrolled in school. 3 Scale score of 150 or above. 4 Scale score of 200 or above. 5 Scale score of 250 or above. 6 Scale score of 300 or above. 7 Scale score of 350 or above. NOTE: Mathematics proficiency levels measured by the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 145 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 126.   Mathematics performance of 17 year olds, by highest mathematics course taken, sex, and race/ ethnicity: 1978 to 1999 Year, sex, and race/ ethnicity Percent of students Average proficiency by highest mathematics course taken Percent of students at or above All areas Prealgebra or general mathematics Algebra I Geometry Algebra II Precalculus or calculus Level 200 1 Level 250 2 Level 300 3 Level 350 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1978 Total ............................................ 100.0 ( 0.0) 300.4 ( 1.0) 267 ( 0.8) 286 ( 0.7) 307 ( 0.7) 321 ( 0.7) 334 ( 1.4) 99.8 ( 0.1) 92.0 ( 0.5) 51.5 ( 1.1) 7.3 ( 0.4) Male ........................................ 48.7 ( 0.5) 303.8 ( 1.0) 269 ( 1.0) 289 ( 0.9) 310 ( 1.0) 325 ( 0.8) 337 ( 2.0) 99.9 ( 0.1) 93.0 ( 0.5) 55.1 ( 1.2) 9.5 ( 0.6) Female .................................... 51.3 ( 0.5) 297.1 ( 1.0) 265 ( 0.9) 284 ( 1.0) 304 ( 0.8) 318 ( 0.9) 329 ( 1.8) 99.7 ( 0.1) 91.0 ( 0.6) 48.2 ( 1.3) 5.2 ( 0.7)

White ...................................... 83.1 ( 1.3) 305.9 ( 0.9) 272 ( 0.6) 291 ( 0.6) 310 ( 0.6) 325 ( 0.6) 338 ( 1.1) 100.0   95.6 ( 0.3) 57.6 ( 1.1) 8.5 ( 0.5) Black ....................................... 11.8 ( 1.1) 268.4 ( 1.3) 247 ( 1.6) 264 ( 1.5) 281 ( 1.9) 292 ( 1.4) 297 ( 6.5) 98.8 ( 0.3) 70.7 ( 1.7) 16.8 ( 1.6) 0.5 ( 0.2) Hispanic .................................. 4.0 ( 0.5) 276.3 ( 2.3) 256 ( 2.3) 273 ( 2.8) 294 ( 4.4) 303 ( 2.9) 306 ( 6.1) 99.3 ( 0.4) 78.3 ( 2.3) 23.4 ( 2.7) 1.4 ( 0.6) Other 5 .................................... 1.1 ( 0.1) 312.9 ( 3.3)                     100.0   94.5 ( 2.6) 64.7 ( 4.9) 15.4 ( 3.2)

1990 Total ............................................ 100.0 ( 0.0) 304.6 ( 0.9) 273 ( 1.1) 288 ( 1.2) 299 ( 1.5) 319 ( 1.0) 344 ( 2.6) 100.0   96.0 ( 0.5) 56.1 ( 1.4) 7.2 ( 0.6) Male ........................................ 48.6 ( 0.9) 306.3 ( 1.1) 274 ( 1.7) 291 ( 1.6) 302 ( 1.6) 323 ( 1.2) 347 ( 2.4) 99.9   95.8 ( 0.8) 57.6 ( 1.4) 8.8 ( 0.8) Female .................................... 51.4 ( 0.9) 302.9 ( 1.1) 271 ( 1.8) 285 ( 1.8) 296 ( 1.8) 316 ( 1.1) 341 ( 4.0) 100.0   96.2 ( 0.8) 54.7 ( 1.8) 5.6 ( 0.8)

White ...................................... 73.3 ( 0.5) 309.5 ( 1.0) 277 ( 1.1) 292 ( 1.6) 304 ( 1.3) 323 ( 0.9) 347 ( 2.8) 100.0   97.6 ( 0.3) 63.2 ( 1.6) 8.3 ( 0.7) Black ....................................... 15.6 ( 0.3) 288.5 ( 2.8) 264 ( 2.2) 278 ( 4.0) 285 ( 3.5) 302 ( 3.2) 329 ( 7.6) 99.9   92.4 ( 2.2) 32.8 ( 4.5) 2.0 ( 1.0) Hispanic .................................. 6.9 ( 0.4) 283.5 ( 2.9) 259 ( 4.0) 278 ( 4.1) 286 ( 3.5) 306 ( 3.3) 323 ( 9.6) 99.6   85.8 ( 4.2) 30.1 ( 3.1) 1.9 ( 0.8) Other 5 .................................... 4.2 ( 0.5) 312.5 ( 5.2)                     100.0   97.9   61.6 ( 7.0) 15.9 ( 4.3)

1992 Total ............................................ 100.0 ( 0.0) 306.7 ( 0.9) 271 ( 1.6) 289 ( 1.1) 302 ( 1.6) 320 ( 0.7) 343 ( 1.7) 100.0   96.6 ( 0.5) 59.1 ( 1.3) 7.2 ( 0.6) Male ........................................ 50.7 ( 1.2) 308.9 ( 1.1) 275 ( 2.3) 291 ( 1.7) 306 ( 2.0) 323 ( 1.1) 344 ( 2.7) 100.0   96.9 ( 0.6) 60.5 ( 1.8) 9.1 ( 0.7) Female .................................... 49.3 ( 1.2) 304.5 ( 1.1) 267 ( 1.6) 287 ( 1.8) 297 ( 2.0) 317 ( 1.0) 341 ( 2.0) 100.0   96.3 ( 0.8) 57.7 ( 1.6) 5.2 ( 0.8)

White ...................................... 74.7 ( 0.5) 311.9 ( 0.8) 276 ( 1.7) 293 ( 1.0) 306 ( 1.6) 323 ( 0.9) 347 ( 1.6) 100.0   98.3 ( 0.4) 66.4 ( 1.4) 8.7 ( 0.9) Black ....................................... 14.8 ( 0.3) 285.8 ( 2.2) 256 ( 4.8) 279 ( 3.4) 283 ( 3.4) 301 ( 2.2) 313 ( 5.7) 100.0   89.6 ( 2.5) 29.8 ( 3.9) 0.9   Hispanic .................................. 7.4 ( 0.5) 292.2 ( 2.6) 269 ( 3.1) 285 ( 3.1) 297 ( 3.9) 312 ( 2.0) 320 ( 7.3) 100.0   94.1 ( 2.2) 39.2 ( 4.9) 1.2   Other 5 .................................... 3.1 ( 0.2) 317.1 ( 4.0)                     100.0   96.5 ( 1.7) 69.8 ( 4.8) 16.9 ( 5.7)

1994 Total ............................................ 100.0 ( 0.0) 306.2 ( 1.0) 272 ( 1.2) 288 ( 1.4) 297 ( 1.7) 316 ( 1.0) 340 ( 2.2) 100.0   96.5 ( 0.5) 58.6 ( 1.4) 7.4 ( 0.8) Male ........................................ 49.5 ( 1.3) 308.5 ( 1.4) 274 ( 1.8) 289 ( 1.6) 301 ( 2.1) 320 ( 1.5) 343 ( 2.6) 100.0   97.3 ( 0.6) 60.2 ( 2.1) 9.3 ( 1.0) Female .................................... 50.5 ( 1.3) 304.1 ( 1.1) 268 ( 1.9) 286 ( 1.9) 293 ( 1.8) 313 ( 1.1) 337 ( 2.8) 100.0   96.0 ( 0.6) 57.2 ( 1.4) 5.5 ( 0.9)

White ...................................... 72.5 ( 0.5) 312.3 ( 1.1) 275 ( 1.4) 292 ( 1.7) 301 ( 1.5) 320 ( 1.0) 344 ( 2.0) 100.0   98.4 ( 0.4) 67.0 ( 1.4) 9.4 ( 1.1) Black ....................................... 15.5 ( 0.3) 285.5 ( 1.8)     275 ( 3.3) 283 ( 3.8) 297 ( 2.5)     100.0   90.6 ( 1.8) 29.8 ( 3.4) 0.4   Hispanic .................................. 8.8 ( 0.3) 290.8 ( 3.7)             304 ( 4.1)     100.0   91.8 ( 3.6) 38.3 ( 5.5) 1.4   Other 5 .................................... 3.2 ( 0.3) 312.7 ( 4.5)                     100.0   97.0   66.4 ( 6.6) 12.1 ( 3.6)

1996 Total ............................................ 100.0 ( 0.0) 307.2 ( 1.2) 269 ( 1.9) 283 ( 1.3) 298 ( 1.3) 316 ( 1.3) 339 ( 1.7) 100.0   96.8 ( 0.4) 60.1 ( 1.7) 7.4 ( 0.8) Male ........................................ 49.5 ( 1.2) 309.5 ( 1.3) 272 ( 2.5) 287 ( 1.5) 302 ( 1.7) 320 ( 1.7) 342 ( 2.3) 100.0   97.0 ( 0.7) 62.7 ( 1.8) 9.5 ( 1.3) Female .................................... 50.5 ( 1.2) 304.9 ( 1.4) 265 ( 2.2) 278 ( 2.2) 294 ( 1.5) 313 ( 1.4) 335 ( 2.2) 100.0   96.7 ( 0.6) 57.6 ( 2.2) 5.3 ( 0.8)

White ...................................... 71.0 ( 0.6) 313.4 ( 1.4) 273 ( 2.3) 287 ( 2.0) 304 ( 1.6) 320 ( 1.4) 342 ( 1.9) 100.0   98.7 ( 0.4) 68.7 ( 2.2) 9.2 ( 1.0) Black ....................................... 15.0 ( 0.3) 286.4 ( 1.7)     273 ( 2.4) 280 ( 3.0) 299 ( 2.2)     100.0   90.6 ( 1.3) 31.2 ( 2.5) 0.9   Hispanic .................................. 9.0 ( 0.7) 292.0 ( 2.1)             306 ( 2.8)     99.9   92.2 ( 2.2) 40.1 ( 3.5) 1.8   Other 5 .................................... 5.0                           100.0   97.4 ( 1.2) 63.5 ( 7.2) 13.7 ( 5.0)

1999 Total ............................................ 100.0 ( 0.0) 308.2 ( 1.0) 278 ( 2.8) 285 ( 1.7) 298 ( 1.2) 315 ( 0.8) 341 ( 1.4) 100.0   96.8 ( 0.5) 60.7 ( 1.6) 8.4 ( 0.8) Male ........................................ 48.3 ( 1.0) 309.8 ( 1.4) 281 ( 3.2) 288 ( 2.6) 301 ( 1.8) 317 ( 1.3) 343 ( 1.9) 100.0   96.0 ( 0.8) 63.0 ( 2.1) 10.0 ( 1.1) Female .................................... 51.7 ( 1.0) 306.8 ( 1.0) 274 ( 3.2) 282 ( 2.5) 295 ( 1.3) 314 ( 1.1) 340 ( 2.0) 100.0   97.0 ( 0.4) 58.0 ( 1.9) 7.0 ( 1.1)

White ...................................... 71.7 ( 0.5) 314.8 ( 1.1) 282 ( 3.4) 290 ( 2.2) 303 ( 1.5) 320 ( 0.9) 343 ( 1.5) 100.0   99.0 ( 0.4) 70.0 ( 2.0) 10.0 ( 1.1) Black ....................................... 14.6 ( 0.4) 283.3 ( 1.5)     267 ( 2.9) 281 ( 2.5) 293 ( 1.4)     100.0   89.0 ( 2.0) 27.0 ( 2.7) 1.0   Hispanic .................................. 9.8 ( 0.5) 292.7 ( 2.5)             308 ( 3.0)     100.0   94.0 ( 2.2) 38.0 ( 4.1) 3.0 ( 1.1) Other 5 ....................................                             100.0   100.0   76.0 ( 6.3) 14.0 ( 4.1)

  Not available. 1 Indicates ability to perform simple additive reasoning and problem solving. 2 Indicates ability to perform simple multiplicative reasoning and 2 step problem solving 3 Indicates ability to perform reasoning and problem solving involving fractions, decimals percents, elementary geometry, and simple algebra. 4 Indicates ability to perform reasoning and problem solving involving geometry, algebra and beginning statistics and probability. 5 Includes Asian/ Pacific Islanders and American Indians/ Alaskan Natives.

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared September 2000.) 146 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 127.   Mathematics proficiency and selected statistics on mathematics education for 4th graders in public schools, by region and state: 1996 and 2000 Region and state Average proficiency Percent attaining mathematics achievement levels, 1 2000 Percent of students with 3 or more hours of math instruction each week, 2000 Percent of students, 2000 1996 2000 Below basic Basic or above 2 Proficient or above 3 Advanced or above 4 Spending 30 minutes or more on math homework each day 5 Agree mathematics is useful for solving everyday problems Watching 6 hours or more of television each day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States ...................................... 222 ( 1.0) 226 ( 1.0) 33 ( 1.2) 67 ( 1.2) 25 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.3) 71 ( 2.4) 50 70 ( 0.8) 19 ( 0.9)

Region Northeast ................................................. 226 ( 2.6) 229 ( 1.8) 29 ( 2.0) 71 ( 2.0) 27 ( 2.6) 3 ( 0.9) 79 ( 4.5) 46 73 ( 1.6) 18 ( 2.3) Southeast ................................................ 216 ( 2.5) 220 ( 2.3) 41 ( 3.4) 59 ( 3.4) 19 ( 2.1) 1 ( 0.4) 67 ( 3.8) 52 68 ( 1.3) 25 ( 1.6) Central ..................................................... 230 ( 2.0) 231 ( 1.5) 27 ( 1.8) 73 ( 1.8) 29 ( 2.2) 3 ( 0.6) 67 ( 6.3) 49 70 ( 1.5) 17 ( 2.0) West ........................................................ 219 ( 2.1) 225 ( 2.1) 35 ( 2.5) 65 ( 2.5) 24 ( 2.3) 3 ( 0.5) 70 ( 4.9) 51 70 ( 1.7) 17 ( 1.2)

State Alabama .................................................. 212 ( 1.2) 218 ( 1.4) 43 ( 2.1) 57 ( 2.1) 14 ( 1.3) 1 ( 0.2) 65 ( 5.7) 60 68 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.5) Alaska ...................................................... 224 ( 1.3)                                   Arizona .................................................... 218 ( 1.7) 219 ( 1.4) 42 ( 1.9) 58 ( 1.9) 17 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.5) 76 ( 4.4) 49 67 ( 1.2) 13 ( 1.0) Arkansas ................................................. 216 ( 1.5) 217 ( 1.1) 44 ( 1.9) 56 ( 1.9) 13 ( 1.1) 1 ( 0.2) 60 ( 5.6) 54 68 ( 1.3) 24 ( 1.3) California 6 ............................................... 209 ( 1.8) 214 ( 1.8) 48 ( 2.3) 52 ( 2.3) 15 ( 1.4) 1 ( 0.3) 73 ( 6.7) 56 65 ( 1.8) 17 ( 1.3) Colorado .................................................. 226 ( 1.0)                                   Connecticut ............................................. 232 ( 1.1) 234 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.5) 77 ( 1.5) 32 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.5) 83 ( 3.4) 49 72 ( 1.2) 16 ( 1.2) Delaware ................................................. 215 ( 0.6)                                   District of Columbia ................................. 187 ( 1.1) 193 ( 1.2) 76 ( 1.1) 24 ( 1.1) 6 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.2) 66 ( 1.5) 54 64 ( 0.9) 36 ( 0.9) Florida ..................................................... 216 ( 1.2)                                   Georgia .................................................... 215 ( 1.5) 220 ( 1.1) 42 ( 1.5) 58 ( 1.5) 18 ( 1.1) 1 ( 0.3) 74 ( 5.0) 54 68 ( 1.0) 19 ( 1.0) Hawaii ...................................................... 215 ( 1.5) 216 ( 1.1) 45 ( 1.5) 55 ( 1.5) 14 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.3) 88 ( 3.0) 64 64 ( 1.0) 18 ( 1.0) Idaho 6 .....................................................     227 ( 1.2) 29 ( 1.7) 71 ( 1.7) 21 ( 1.6) 1 ( 0.4) 76 ( 5.1) 48 68 ( 1.6) 12 ( 1.1) Illinois 6 ....................................................     225 ( 1.9) 34 ( 2.4) 66 ( 2.4) 21 ( 2.5) 2 ( 0.6) 84 ( 4.1) 57 66 ( 1.5) 19 ( 1.6) Indiana 6 .................................................. 229 ( 1.0) 234 ( 1.1) 22 ( 1.5) 78 ( 1.5) 31 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.7) 78 ( 5.5) 57 71 ( 1.3) 17 ( 1.5)

Iowa 6 ....................................................... 229 ( 1.1) 233 ( 1.3) 22 ( 1.9) 78 ( 1.9) 28 ( 1.9) 2 ( 0.4) 65 ( 5.1) 47 70 ( 1.4) 9 ( 0.7) Kansas 6 ..................................................     232 ( 1.5) 25 ( 2.3) 75 ( 2.3) 30 ( 2.1) 3 ( 0.7) 76 ( 5.4) 47 73 ( 1.5) 14 ( 1.6) Kentucky .................................................. 220 ( 1.1) 221 ( 1.2) 40 ( 1.8) 60 ( 1.8) 17 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.3) 80 ( 3.8) 57 71 ( 1.2) 17 ( 0.9) Louisiana ................................................. 209 ( 1.1) 218 ( 1.4) 43 ( 2.0) 57 ( 2.0) 14 ( 1.4) 1 ( 0.2) 56 ( 5.7) 52 67 ( 1.6) 24 ( 1.1) Maine 6 .................................................... 232 ( 1.0) 231 ( 0.9) 26 ( 1.8) 74 ( 1.8) 25 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.4) 89 ( 3.1) 50 74 ( 1.1) 10 ( 0.7)

Maryland .................................................. 221 ( 1.6) 222 ( 1.3) 39 ( 1.8) 61 ( 1.8) 22 ( 1.4) 2 ( 0.4) 70 ( 4.7) 48 71 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.1) Massachusetts ........................................ 229 ( 1.4) 235 ( 1.1) 21 ( 1.4) 79 ( 1.4) 33 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.5) 91 ( 3.0) 50 74 ( 1.2) 10 ( 0.9) Michigan 6 ................................................ 226 ( 1.3) 231 ( 1.4) 28 ( 1.9) 72 ( 1.9) 29 ( 1.8) 3 ( 0.6) 86 ( 3.7) 50 71 ( 1.2) 16 ( 1.2) Minnesota 6 .............................................. 232 ( 1.1) 235 ( 1.3) 22 ( 1.7) 78 ( 1.7) 34 ( 1.8) 3 ( 0.7) 71 ( 6.0) 48 74 ( 1.4) 7 ( 0.9) Mississippi ............................................... 208 ( 1.2) 211 ( 1.1) 55 ( 1.7) 45 ( 1.7) 9 ( 0.9) ( 7) ( 0.2) 43 ( 5.8) 57 67 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.0)

Missouri ................................................... 225 ( 1.1) 229 ( 1.2) 28 ( 1.6) 72 ( 1.6) 23 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.4) 79 ( 4.3) 49 69 ( 1.1) 19 ( 1.2) Montana 6 ................................................ 228 ( 1.2) 230 ( 1.8) 27 ( 2.6) 73 ( 2.6) 25 ( 2.5) 2 ( 0.7) 79 ( 5.2) 45 67 ( 1.6) 11 ( 1.2) Nebraska ................................................. 228 ( 1.2) 226 ( 1.7) 33 ( 2.3) 67 ( 2.3) 24 ( 1.9) 2 ( 0.5) 87 ( 4.2) 51 71 ( 1.6) 13 ( 1.7) Nevada .................................................... 218 ( 1.3) 220 ( 1.2) 39 ( 1.7) 61 ( 1.7) 16 ( 1.1) 1 ( 0.2) 82 ( 4.1) 49 67 ( 1.2) 17 ( 1.2) New Jersey ............................................. 227 ( 1.5)                                   New Mexico ............................................. 214 ( 1.8) 214 ( 1.5) 49 ( 2.0) 51 ( 2.0) 12 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.2) 69 ( 5.0) 56 68 ( 1.4) 15 ( 1.3) New York 6 .............................................. 223 ( 1.2) 227 ( 1.3) 33 ( 2.1) 67 ( 2.1) 22 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.4) 78 ( 5.6) 49 66 ( 1.5) 21 ( 1.3) North Carolina ......................................... 224 ( 1.2) 232 ( 1.0) 24 ( 1.5) 76 ( 1.5) 28 ( 1.5) 3 ( 0.4) 68 ( 5.2) 58 70 ( 1.0) 18 ( 1.0) North Dakota ........................................... 231 ( 1.2) 231 ( 0.9) 25 ( 1.5) 75 ( 1.5) 25 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.4) 79 ( 3.3) 45 73 ( 1.2) 10 ( 0.7) Ohio 6 .......................................................     231 ( 1.3) 27 ( 2.0) 73 ( 2.0) 26 ( 2.1) 2 ( 0.4) 79 ( 4.6) 55 72 ( 1.2) 20 ( 1.5)

Oklahoma ................................................     225 ( 1.3) 31 ( 1.9) 69 ( 1.9) 16 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.2) 69 ( 4.8) 51 63 ( 1.0) 19 ( 1.1) Oregon 6 .................................................. 223 ( 1.4) 227 ( 1.6) 33 ( 2.3) 67 ( 2.3) 23 ( 1.8) 3 ( 0.6) 69 ( 5.5) 50 68 ( 1.5) 13 ( 1.3) Pennsylvania ........................................... 226 ( 1.2)                                   Rhode Island ........................................... 220 ( 1.4) 225 ( 1.2) 33 ( 1.5) 67 ( 1.5) 23 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.4) 75 ( 4.3) 46 73 ( 1.2) 11 ( 0.8) South Carolina ........................................ 213 ( 1.3) 220 ( 1.4) 40 ( 1.8) 60 ( 1.8) 18 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.3) 74 ( 4.8) 51 67 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.2)

Tennessee ............................................... 219 ( 1.4) 220 ( 1.5) 40 ( 1.8) 60 ( 1.8) 18 ( 1.5) 1 ( 0.4) 80 ( 4.2) 55 70 ( 1.2) 20 ( 1.3) Texas ....................................................... 229 ( 1.4) 233 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.6) 77 ( 1.6) 27 ( 1.8) 2 ( 0.5) 65 ( 5.8) 57 69 ( 1.4) 18 ( 1.3) Utah ......................................................... 227 ( 1.2) 227 ( 1.2) 30 ( 1.7) 70 ( 1.7) 24 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.3) 85 ( 3.7) 46 72 ( 1.1) 10 ( 0.7) Vermont 6 ................................................. 225 ( 1.2) 232 ( 1.6) 27 ( 2.0) 73 ( 2.0) 29 ( 2.2) 4 ( 0.7) 82 ( 5.5) 55 79 ( 1.4) 10 ( 1.1) Virginia .................................................... 223 ( 1.4) 230 ( 1.3) 27 ( 1.8) 73 ( 1.8) 25 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.6) 68 ( 4.6) 52 73 ( 1.2) 20 ( 1.2) Washington ............................................. 225 ( 1.2)                                   West Virginia ........................................... 223 ( 1.0) 225 ( 1.2) 32 ( 1.6) 68 ( 1.6) 18 ( 1.6) 1 ( 0.3) 80 ( 3.4) 57 68 ( 1.0) 18 ( 1.1) Wisconsin ................................................ 231 ( 1.0)                                   Wyoming ................................................. 223 ( 1.4) 229 ( 1.3) 27 ( 2.0) 73 ( 2.0) 25 ( 1.5) 2 ( 0.5) 67 ( 7.5) 52 71 ( 1.2) 10 ( 0.8)

Department of Defense dependents schools: Domestic schools ............................. 224 ( 1.0) 228 ( 1.2) 30 ( 2.0) 70 ( 2.0) 24 ( 1.8) 3 ( 0.6) 84 ( 0.6) 52 71 ( 1.3) 21 ( 1.1) Overseas schools ............................ 223 ( 0.7) 228 ( 0.7) 30 ( 1.2) 70 ( 1.2) 22 ( 1.1) 2 ( 0.3) 82 ( 0.7) 51 70 ( 1.0) 14 ( 0.6)

Outlying areas American Samoa .....................................     157 ( 3.9) 95 ( 1.4) 5 ( 1.4) ( 7)   0   26 ( 2.6) 61 50 ( 2.8) 17 ( 1.9) Guam ....................................................... 188 ( 1.3) 184 ( 2.3) 79 ( 1.8) 21 ( 1.8) 2 ( 0.6) ( 7)   81 ( 1.0) 60 61 ( 2.0) 16 ( 1.4) Virgin Islands ...........................................     183 ( 2.8) 85 ( 3.2) 15 ( 3.2) 1 ( 0.6) ( 7)   80 ( 0.6) 56 58 ( 2.0) 29 ( 2.0)

  Not available. 1 Achievement levels are in developmental status. 2 This level denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 4th grade. 3 This level represents solid academic mastery for 4th graders. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter, including subjectmatter knowledge, application of such knowledge to real world situations, and analytical skills appropriate to the subject matter. 4 This level signifies superior performance. 5 Percent of students who report spending 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, and over 1 hour on mathematics homework each day. 6 Did not meet one or more of the guidelines for school participation. 7 Percentage between 0.0 and 0.5. NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Forty states, the District of Columbia, and three outlying areas participated in the 2000 State Assessment of 4th graders and met student and school participation criteria for reporting results. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Standard errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP), The Nation's Report Card: Mathematics 2000; and unpublished data, NAEP Data Tool ( http:// nces. ed. gov/ naep3/ NAEP data) prepared by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared October 2001.) 147 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 128.   Mathematics proficiency of 8th graders in public schools, by state: 1990 to 2000 State or other area Average proficiency Percent attaining mathematics achievement levels, 1 2000 Average proficiency, by highest level of education attained by parents, 2 2000 1990 1992 1996 2000 Below basic Basic or above 3 Proficient or above 4 Advanced or above 5 Did not finish high school Graduated high school Some education after high school Graduated college 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States ...................................... 262 ( 1.4) 267 ( 1.0) 271 ( 1.2) 274 ( 0.8) 35 ( 0.9) 65 ( 0.9) 26 ( 1.0) 5 ( 0.5) 255 ( 1.4) 263 ( 1.2) 279 ( 1.0) 286 ( 1.1)

Alabama .................................................. 253 ( 1.1) 252 ( 1.7) 257 ( 2.1) 262 ( 1.8) 48 ( 2.1) 52 ( 2.1) 16 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.5) 250 ( 2.8) 252 ( 2.0) 270 ( 2.5) 273 ( 3.1) Alaska ......................................................         278 ( 1.8)                                     Arizona 6 .................................................. 260 ( 1.3) 265 ( 1.3) 268 ( 1.6) 271 ( 1.5) 38 ( 1.9) 62 ( 1.9) 21 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.5) 247 ( 4.2) 260 ( 2.7) 278 ( 1.7) 285 ( 2.1) Arkansas ................................................. 256 ( 0.9) 256 ( 1.2) 262 ( 1.5) 261 ( 1.4) 48 ( 1.9) 52 ( 1.9) 14 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.4) 249 ( 3.2) 252 ( 2.4) 271 ( 1.8) 272 ( 1.6) California 6 ............................................... 256 ( 1.3) 261 ( 1.7) 263 ( 1.9) 262 ( 2.0) 48 ( 2.3) 52 ( 2.3) 18 ( 1.6) 3 ( 0.6) 244 ( 3.1) 251 ( 3.1) 270 ( 2.4) 281 ( 2.2)

Colorado .................................................. 267 ( 0.9) 272 ( 1.0) 276 ( 1.1)                                     Connecticut ............................................. 270 ( 1.0) 274 ( 1.1) 280 ( 1.1) 282 ( 1.4) 28 ( 1.3) 72 ( 1.3) 34 ( 1.5) 6 ( 0.7) 242 ( 7.5) 267 ( 2.4) 279 ( 1.9) 295 ( 1.2) Delaware ................................................. 261 ( 0.9) 263 ( 1.0) 267 ( 0.9)                                     District of Columbia ................................. 231 ( 0.9) 235 ( 0.9) 233 ( 1.3) 234 ( 2.2) 77 ( 2.0) 23 ( 2.0) 6 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.4) 223 ( 6.7) 225 ( 2.6) 243 ( 3.5) 249 ( 3.5) Florida ..................................................... 255 ( 1.2) 260 ( 1.5) 264 ( 1.8)                                     Georgia .................................................... 259 ( 1.3) 259 ( 1.2) 262 ( 1.6) 266 ( 1.3) 45 ( 1.7) 55 ( 1.7) 19 ( 1.1) 3 ( 0.4) 252 ( 2.4) 255 ( 1.6) 271 ( 1.8) 277 ( 1.6) Hawaii ...................................................... 251 ( 0.8) 257 ( 0.9) 262 ( 1.0) 263 ( 1.3) 49 ( 1.3) 51 ( 1.3) 16 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.4) 248 ( 4.4) 247 ( 2.1) 268 ( 1.9) 276 ( 1.6) Idaho 6 ..................................................... 271 ( 0.8) 275 ( 0.7)     278 ( 1.3) 29 ( 1.5) 71 ( 1.5) 27 ( 1.7) 3 ( 0.5) 250 ( 6.4) 266 ( 2.4) 284 ( 1.7) 288 ( 1.2) Illinois 6 .................................................... 261 ( 1.7)         277 ( 1.6) 32 ( 2.1) 68 ( 2.1) 27 ( 1.4) 4 ( 0.7) 256 ( 4.4) 268 ( 2.5) 280 ( 2.0) 287 ( 2.1) Indiana 6 ................................................... 267 ( 1.2) 270 ( 1.1) 276 ( 1.4) 283 ( 1.4) 24 ( 1.7) 76 ( 1.7) 31 ( 1.9) 5 ( 0.7) 264 ( 3.2) 272 ( 1.7) 288 ( 2.1) 293 ( 1.8)

Iowa ......................................................... 278 ( 1.1) 283 ( 1.0) 284 ( 1.3)                                     Kansas 6 ..................................................             284 ( 1.4) 23 ( 1.7) 77 ( 1.7) 34 ( 1.9) 4 ( 0.8) 269 ( 4.2) 276 ( 2.2) 286 ( 2.3) 292 ( 1.7) Kentucky .................................................. 257 ( 1.2) 262 ( 1.1) 267 ( 1.1) 272 ( 1.4) 37 ( 1.7) 63 ( 1.7) 21 ( 1.5) 3 ( 0.5) 255 ( 3.5) 264 ( 1.5) 275 ( 1.8) 284 ( 2.2) Louisiana ................................................. 246 ( 1.2) 250 ( 1.7) 252 ( 1.6) 259 ( 1.5) 52 ( 1.8) 48 ( 1.8) 12 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.4) 251 ( 2.2) 250 ( 2.2) 271 ( 1.7) 267 ( 2.1) Maine 6 .....................................................     279 ( 1.0) 284 ( 1.3) 284 ( 1.2) 24 ( 1.5) 76 ( 1.5) 32 ( 1.4) 6 ( 0.7) 267 ( 3.6) 272 ( 1.9) 283 ( 2.2) 293 ( 1.2)

Maryland .................................................. 261 ( 1.4) 265 ( 1.3) 270 ( 2.1) 276 ( 1.4) 35 ( 1.6) 65 ( 1.6) 29 ( 1.4) 6 ( 0.6) 256 ( 3.4) 263 ( 1.8) 279 ( 2.0) 286 ( 1.6) Massachusetts ........................................     273 ( 1.0) 278 ( 1.7) 283 ( 1.3) 24 ( 1.5) 76 ( 1.5) 32 ( 1.3) 6 ( 0.7) 261 ( 5.4) 271 ( 2.3) 284 ( 1.8) 294 ( 1.4) Michigan 6 ................................................ 264 ( 1.2) 267 ( 1.4) 277 ( 1.8) 278 ( 1.6) 30 ( 1.9) 70 ( 1.9) 28 ( 1.9) 5 ( 0.7) 254 ( 5.1) 269 ( 1.8) 280 ( 2.6) 288 ( 1.8) Minnesota ................................................ 275 ( 0.9) 282 ( 1.0) 284 ( 1.3) 288 ( 1.4) 20 ( 1.8) 80 ( 1.8) 40 ( 1.6) 7 ( 0.8)     275 ( 3.1) 293 ( 2.0) 296 ( 1.3) Mississippi ...............................................     246 ( 1.2) 250 ( 1.2) 254 ( 1.3) 59 ( 1.6) 41 ( 1.6) 8 ( 0.7) 1 ( 0.3) 243 ( 3.1) 246 ( 1.6) 261 ( 2.0) 262 ( 1.8)

Missouri ...................................................     271 ( 1.2) 273 ( 1.4) 274 ( 1.5) 33 ( 2.0) 67 ( 2.0) 22 ( 1.4) 2 ( 0.3) 259 ( 2.3) 265 ( 2.3) 275 ( 1.8) 284 ( 1.8) Montana 6 ................................................ 280 ( 0.9)     283 ( 1.3) 287 ( 1.2) 20 ( 1.5) 80 ( 1.5) 37 ( 1.6) 6 ( 0.6)     277 ( 2.2) 289 ( 1.8) 295 ( 1.6) Nebraska ................................................. 276 ( 1.0) 278 ( 1.1) 283 ( 1.0) 281 ( 1.1) 26 ( 1.6) 74 ( 1.6) 31 ( 1.6) 5 ( 0.7) 252 ( 3.1) 273 ( 2.0) 285 ( 2.0) 289 ( 1.2) Nevada ....................................................             268 ( 0.9) 42 ( 1.1) 58 ( 1.1) 20 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.4) 248 ( 2.5) 261 ( 1.4) 276 ( 1.5) 280 ( 1.2) New Hampshire ....................................... 273 ( 0.9) 278 ( 1.0)                                         New Jersey ............................................. 270 ( 1.1) 272 ( 1.6)                                         New Mexico ............................................. 256 ( 0.7) 260 ( 0.9) 262 ( 1.2) 260 ( 1.7) 50 ( 1.8) 50 ( 1.8) 13 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.4) 241 ( 3.2) 248 ( 2.9) 266 ( 1.9) 275 ( 1.7) New York 6 ............................................... 261 ( 1.4) 266 ( 2.1) 270 ( 1.7) 276 ( 2.1) 32 ( 2.5) 68 ( 2.5) 26 ( 1.9) 4 ( 0.7) 253 ( 4.1) 270 ( 2.8) 276 ( 2.5) 285 ( 2.1) North Carolina ......................................... 250 ( 1.1) 258 ( 1.2) 268 ( 1.4) 280 ( 1.1) 30 ( 1.3) 70 ( 1.3) 30 ( 1.3) 6 ( 0.7) 261 ( 2.7) 268 ( 1.6) 282 ( 1.6) 291 ( 1.6) North Dakota ........................................... 281 ( 1.2) 283 ( 1.1) 284 ( 0.9) 283 ( 1.1) 23 ( 1.4) 77 ( 1.4) 31 ( 1.6) 4 ( 0.6)     272 ( 3.7) 282 ( 2.3) 289 ( 1.3)

Ohio ......................................................... 264 ( 1.0) 268 ( 1.5)     283 ( 1.5) 25 ( 1.9) 75 ( 1.9) 31 ( 1.7) 5 ( 0.7) 268 ( 3.1) 272 ( 1.8) 286 ( 1.6) 293 ( 1.8) Oklahoma ................................................ 263 ( 1.3) 268 ( 1.1)     272 ( 1.5) 36 ( 1.9) 64 ( 1.9) 19 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.3) 255 ( 3.5) 264 ( 2.0) 274 ( 1.5) 281 ( 1.6) Oregon 6 .................................................. 271 ( 1.0)     276 ( 1.5) 281 ( 1.6) 29 ( 1.7) 71 ( 1.7) 32 ( 1.9) 6 ( 0.8) 255 ( 4.2) 270 ( 3.6) 285 ( 2.1) 292 ( 1.9) Pennsylvania ........................................... 266 ( 1.6) 271 ( 1.5)                                         Rhode Island ........................................... 260 ( 0.6) 266 ( 0.7) 269 ( 0.9) 273 ( 1.1) 36 ( 1.1) 64 ( 1.1) 24 ( 1.0) 4 ( 0.6) 251 ( 3.6) 264 ( 1.6) 275 ( 1.5) 284 ( 1.4)

South Carolina ........................................     261 ( 1.0) 261 ( 1.5) 266 ( 1.4) 45 ( 1.9) 55 ( 1.9) 18 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.4) 250 ( 3.3) 255 ( 1.7) 275 ( 1.5) 278 ( 2.2) Tennessee ...............................................     259 ( 1.4) 263 ( 1.4) 263 ( 1.7) 47 ( 1.9) 53 ( 1.9) 17 ( 1.4) 2 ( 0.4) 246 ( 3.0) 254 ( 2.2) 273 ( 1.8) 275 ( 2.2) Texas ....................................................... 258 ( 1.4) 265 ( 1.3) 270 ( 1.4) 275 ( 1.5) 32 ( 1.8) 68 ( 1.8) 24 ( 1.4) 3 ( 0.5) 259 ( 2.3) 267 ( 1.9) 285 ( 1.9) 287 ( 1.8) Utah .........................................................     274 ( 0.7) 277 ( 1.0) 275 ( 1.2) 32 ( 1.4) 68 ( 1.4) 26 ( 1.2) 3 ( 0.4) 248 ( 4.2) 263 ( 2.8) 280 ( 1.8) 285 ( 1.3) Vermont 6 .................................................         279 ( 1.0) 283 ( 1.1) 25 ( 1.7) 75 ( 1.7) 32 ( 1.5) 6 ( 0.6) 261 ( 5.6) 272 ( 2.3) 279 ( 2.4) 293 ( 1.5)

Virginia .................................................... 264 ( 1.5) 268 ( 1.2) 270 ( 1.6) 277 ( 1.5) 33 ( 2.0) 67 ( 2.0) 26 ( 1.5) 5 ( 0.7) 257 ( 2.6) 261 ( 2.1) 276 ( 2.0) 289 ( 1.5) Washington .............................................         276 ( 1.3)                                     West Virginia ........................................... 256 ( 1.0) 259 ( 1.0) 265 ( 1.0) 271 ( 1.0) 38 ( 1.2) 62 ( 1.2) 18 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.4) 256 ( 2.3) 264 ( 1.2) 275 ( 1.5) 282 ( 1.5) Wisconsin ................................................ 274 ( 1.3) 278 ( 1.5) 283 ( 1.5)                                     Wyoming ................................................. 272 ( 0.7) 275 ( 0.9) 275 ( 0.9) 277 ( 1.2) 30 ( 1.4) 70 ( 1.4) 25 ( 1.1) 4 ( 0.5) 258 ( 4.0) 268 ( 2.5) 280 ( 1.7) 285 ( 1.2)

Department of Defense dependents schools: Domestic schools .............................         269 ( 2.3) 277 ( 2.3) 33 ( 2.9) 67 ( 2.9) 27 ( 2.8) 6 ( 1.4)     272 ( 4.1) 278 ( 2.8) 284 ( 3.7) Overseas schools ............................         275 ( 0.9) 278 ( 1.0) 29 ( 1.4) 71 ( 1.4) 27 ( 1.2) 4 ( 0.7)     270 ( 3.9) 278 ( 1.7) 284 ( 1.6)

Outlying areas American Samoa .....................................             195 ( 4.5) 93 ( 2.1) 7 ( 2.1) 1   ( 7)       196 ( 6.7)     198 ( 4.6) Guam ....................................................... 232 ( 0.7) 235 ( 1.0) 239 ( 1.7) 233 ( 2.2) 76 ( 1.5) 24 ( 1.5) 4 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.3)     225 ( 2.7) 243 ( 7.4) 244 ( 2.8) Virgin Islands ........................................... 219 ( 0.9) 223 ( 1.1)                                           Not available. 1 Achievement levels are in developmental status. 2 Excludes students who responded `` I don't know'' to the question about educational level of parents. 3 This level denotes partial mastery of prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at the 8th grade. 4 This level represents solid academic performance for 8th graders. Students reaching this level have demonstrated competency over challenging subject matter, including subject matter knowledge, application of such knowledge to real world situations, and analytical skills appropriate to the subject matter. 5 This level signifies superior performance. 6 Did not meet one or more of the guidelines for school participation. 7 Percentage between 0.0 and 0.5. NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Thirty nine states, the District of Columbia, and two outlying areas participated in the 2000 State Assessment of 8th graders and met student and school participation criteria for reporting results. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Standard errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP), The Nations Report Card: Mathematics 2000; and unpublished data, NAEP Data Tool ( http:// nces. ed. gov/ naep3/ NAEP data) prepared by Educational Testing Service and . ( This table was prepared October 2001.) 148 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 129.   Length of school year and selected statistics on mathematics education for students in public schools, by region and state: 1998 and 2000 Region and state Math units required for graduation in 2000 Length of school year ( in days) High school exit exam required for graduation in 2000 Percent of 8thgrade students with 3 or more hours of math instruction each week Percent of 8th grade students reporting 1998 2000 Spending 30 minutes or more on math homework each day 1 Positive attitudes toward math 2 Watching 6 or more hours of television each day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total ..................................         89 ( 1.6) 58 76 12 ( 0.4)

Region Northeast ..............................         91 ( 4.2) 56 76 15 ( 1.2) Southeast .............................         84 ( 3.3) 58 78 17 ( 0.9) Central ..................................         87 ( 4.1) 58 74 9 ( 0.9) West .....................................         92 ( 2.4) 62 76 10 ( 0.6)

State Alabama ................................ 4 175 175 Yes 81 ( 3.9) 58 78 19 ( 0.9) Alaska .................................... 2 180 180 3 Yes ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Arizona .................................. 5 2 5 175 5 175 3 Yes 95 ( 2.8) 63 73 11 ( 1.0) Arkansas ............................... 3 178 178 No 77 ( 3.9) 58 77 18 ( 0.9) California ............................... 2 175 175 3 Yes 90 ( 3.0) 71 75 12 ( 1.1) Colorado ................................ ( 6) ( 7) ( 7) No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Connecticut ........................... 3 180 180 No 95 ( 2.3) 59 76 11 ( 0.7) Delaware ............................... 3 ( 7) ( 7) No ( 4)   0 ( 4) ( 4)   District of Columbia ............... 8 3 8 180 8 180   92 ( 0.8) 63 81 34 ( 1.1) Florida ................................... 3 180 180 Yes ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Georgia .................................. 3 8 180 8 180 Yes 83 ( 4.2) 60 76 17 ( 1.0) Hawaii .................................... 3 184 184 Yes 99 ( 0.0) 67 76 17 ( 0.8) Idaho ..................................... 4 180 180 No 93 ( 2.4) 54 78 8 ( 0.8) Illinois .................................... 9 2 180 9 180 3 Yes 81 ( 5.4) 62 77 13 ( 1.2) Indiana ................................... 4 180 180 Yes 94 ( 2.9) 59 76 10 ( 1.0) Iowa ....................................... ( 6) 180 180 No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Kansas .................................. 2 186 186 No 87 ( 4.6) 60 77 8 ( 0.8) Kentucky ................................ 3 175 175 No 93 ( 2.5) 58 77 11 ( 0.9) Louisiana ............................... 3 175 175 Yes 92 ( 3.3) 51 80 20 ( 1.0) Maine ..................................... 2 175 175 3 Yes 92 ( 2.4) 61 77 6 ( 0.6) Maryland ................................ 3 180 180 Yes 92 ( 2.8) 59 81 16 ( 1.0) Massachusetts ...................... ( 6) 180 180 3 Yes 95 ( 2.0) 62 77 9 ( 0.8) Michigan ................................ ( 6) 180 180 No 89 ( 3.6) 59 75 12 ( 1.1) Minnesota .............................. ( 10) ( 11) ( 11) 3 Yes 93 ( 3.1) 50 80 6 ( 0.9) Mississippi ............................. 3 180 180 Yes 87 ( 2.7) 54 80 21 ( 0.9) Missouri ................................. 2 174 174 No 95 ( 2.0) 53 76 12 ( 0.8) Montana ................................ 2 180 180 No 87 ( 3.4) 62 79 5 ( 0.7) Nebraska ............................... ( 6) ( 7) ( 7) No 95 ( 1.5) 59 81 8 ( 0.9) Nevada .................................. 3 180 180 Yes 93 ( 1.2) 63 77 13 ( 0.6) New Hampshire ..................... 2 180 180 No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   New Jersey ........................... 3 8 180 180 Yes ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   New Mexico ........................... 3 180 180 Yes 84 ( 3.1) 62 76 11 ( 0.7) New York ............................... 8 2 8 180 8 180 Yes 92 ( 3.6) 56 78 15 ( 1.3) North Carolina ....................... 3 180 180 Yes 77 ( 4.7) 67 80 14 ( 1.0) North Dakota ......................... 3 173 173 No 95 ( 1.4) 53 78 5 ( 0.5) Ohio ....................................... 2 182 182 Yes 93 ( 2.4) 57 78 12 ( 0.9) Oklahoma .............................. 2 180 180 3 Yes 89 ( 2.9) 57 75 13 ( 0.9) Oregon .................................. 2 ( 7) ( 7) 3 Yes 81 ( 4.8) 58 72 8 ( 0.8) Pennsylvania ......................... ( 10) 180 180 No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Rhode Island ......................... 2 180 180 No 94 ( 0.8) 60 77 9 ( 0.7) South Carolina ...................... 4 8 180 180 Yes 83 ( 3.7) 55 80 20 ( 0.9) South Dakota ........................ 2 175   No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Tennessee ............................. 3 180 180 Yes 78 ( 3.7) 58 77 16 ( 0.9) Texas ..................................... 3 187 187 Yes 91 ( 2.9) 61 76 13 ( 0.9) Utah ....................................... 2 180 180 3 Yes 95 ( 2.1) 52 70 6 ( 0.5) Vermont ................................. 12 5 8 175 175 No 90 ( 2.0) 61 78 6 ( 0.7) Virginia .................................. 3 180 180 3 Yes 92 ( 2.9) 60 76 16 ( 1.0) Washington ........................... 9 2 180 9 180 No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   West Virginia ......................... 3 180 180 No 92 ( 2.3) 56 74 14 ( 0.9) Wisconsin .............................. 2 180 180 No ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)   Wyoming ............................... 3 175 175 No 97 ( 0.6) 59 74 8 ( 5.0)

Department of Defense dependents schools: Domestic schools ........... 3   183 No 100 ( 13) 66 77 18 ( 1.7) Overseas schools .......... 3   183 No 97 ( 0.2) 66 76 12 ( 0.7)

Outlying areas American Samoa ...................         13 ( 4.2) 70 76 13 ( 1.5) Guam .....................................   ( 14)     61 ( 2.2) 64 79 17 ( 1.3) Virgin Islands ......................... 2 180     ( 4)   ( 4) ( 4) ( 4)     Not available. 1 Percent of students who report spending 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, and over 1 hour on mathematics homework each day. No standard errors are reported here for aggregated data. 2 Percent of students agreeing or strongly agreeing with this statement: `` Mathematics is useful for solving everyday problems.'' No standard errors are reported here for aggregated data. 3 Policy under development or requirements to take effect after 2000. 4 Not a participating jurisdiction in the NAEP 2000 state assessment program in mathematics 5 1994 data. 6 Local board determines policy. 7 No statewide policy. 8 1996 data. 9 1998 data. 10 Standards based reform. 11 Varies by district.

12 Includes math and science courses.

13 Standard error estimates cannot be accurately determined.

14 No policy beyond course credits.

NOTE: Data are for 2000 unless otherwise specified. Standard errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP), 2000 Mathematics Assessment, prepared by Educational Testing Service ( columns 6 to 9); and Council of Chief State School Officers, Key State Education Policies on K   12 Education 1998 and 2000 ( columns 2 to 5). ( This table was prepared August 2001.) 149 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 130.   Average science proficiency, by age and by selected characteristics of students: 1970 to 1999 Selected characteristics of students 1970 1 1973 1977 1982 1986 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 year olds Total .............................................................. 225 ( 1.2) 220 ( 1.2) 219.9 ( 1.2) 220.8 ( 1.8) 224.3 ( 1.2) 228.7 ( 0.8) 230.6 ( 1.0) 231.0 ( 1.2) 229.7 ( 1.2) 229.4 ( 0.9)

Male .......................................................... 228 ( 1.3) 223 ( 1.3) 222.1 ( 1.3) 221.0 ( 2.3) 227.3 ( 1.4) 230.3 ( 1.1) 234.7 ( 1.2) 232.2 ( 1.3) 231.5 ( 1.7) 230.9 ( 1.3) Female ...................................................... 223 ( 1.2) 218 ( 1.2) 217.6 ( 1.2) 220.7 ( 2.0) 221.3 ( 1.4) 227.1 ( 1.0) 226.7 ( 1.0) 230.0 ( 1.4) 228.0 ( 1.5) 227.9 ( 1.1) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ................................. 236 ( 0.9) 231 ( 0.9) 229.6 ( 0.9) 229.0 ( 1.9) 231.9 ( 1.2) 237.5 ( 0.8) 239.1 ( 1.0) 240.3 ( 1.3) 239.0 ( 1.4) 239.6 ( 0.9) Black, non Hispanic .................................. 179 ( 1.9) 177 ( 1.9) 174.8 ( 1.8) 187.0 ( 3.0) 196.2 ( 1.9) 196.4 ( 2.0) 200.3 ( 2.7) 201.4 ( 1.7) 201.9 ( 3.0) 198.9 ( 2.5) Hispanic ....................................................         191.9 ( 2.7) 189.0 ( 4.2) 199.4 ( 3.1) 206.2 ( 2.2) 204.7 ( 2.8) 201.0 ( 2.7) 207.1 ( 2.8) 206.1 ( 2.2) Parental education Not high school graduate .........................         198.5 ( 2.2) 198.2 ( 6.0) 203.6 ( 2.9) 209.8 ( 2.7) 217.2 ( 2.6) 211.4 ( 3.4) 210.4 ( 2.9) 212.7 ( 3.9) Graduated high school .............................         223.0 ( 1.4) 218.0 ( 3.3) 219.6 ( 1.5) 225.8 ( 1.7) 222.0 ( 1.9) 225.3 ( 1.4) 222.1 ( 2.3) 218.0 ( 1.9) Some college ............................................         237.2 ( 1.5) 229.1 ( 3.2) 235.8 ( 2.6) 237.6 ( 2.1) 236.6 ( 2.4) 238.9 ( 2.8) 242.1 ( 2.9) 234.2 ( 3.1) Graduated college ....................................         232.3 ( 1.4) 230.5 ( 2.3) 235.2 ( 1.4) 236.2 ( 1.3) 238.9 ( 1.2) 238.5 ( 1.4) 240.2 ( 1.6) 237.4 ( 1.1) Type of school Public ........................................................         218.0 ( 1.4) 219.7 ( 2.0) 222.6 ( 1.4) 227.7 ( 0.9) 229.1 ( 1.0) 229.5 ( 1.4) 228.5 ( 1.3) 228.0 ( 0.9) Private ......................................................         234.6 ( 2.2) 231.5 ( 3.2) 233.0 ( 2.9) 236.8 ( 2.4) 240.2 ( 2.7) 242.2 ( 2.8) 237.9 ( 4.1) 238.9 ( 2.6) Region Northeast .................................................. 230 ( 2.9) 222 ( 2.9) 224.4 ( 1.6) 221.8 ( 2.9) 228.2 ( 3.5) 231.1 ( 2.4) 234.4 ( 2.8) 234.6 ( 2.5) 233.6 ( 2.6) 237.8 ( 2.8) Southeast ................................................. 206 ( 1.6) 207 ( 1.6) 205.1 ( 2.9) 213.9 ( 3.6) 218.8 ( 3.1) 219.9 ( 1.9) 222.8 ( 1.7) 227.4 ( 2.2) 224.1 ( 3.4) 223.1 ( 3.2) Central ...................................................... 233 ( 3.0) 228 ( 3.0) 225.2 ( 2.2) 226.3 ( 3.5) 227.9 ( 2.2) 234.2 ( 1.7) 237.5 ( 1.8) 236.2 ( 2.7) 233.7 ( 2.4) 233.0 ( 1.8) West ......................................................... 226 ( 2.2) 221 ( 2.2) 220.9 ( 2.2) 219.9 ( 4.1) 222.1 ( 3.2) 229.5 ( 1.8) 227.4 ( 2.2) 226.4 ( 2.7) 228.0 ( 1.9) 224.3 ( 1.4)

13 year olds Total .............................................................. 255 ( 1.1) 250 ( 1.1) 247.4 ( 1.1) 250.1 ( 1.3) 251.4 ( 1.4) 255.2 ( 0.9) 258.0 ( 0.8) 256.8 ( 1.0) 256.0 ( 1.0) 255.8 ( 0.7)

Male .......................................................... 257 ( 1.3) 252 ( 1.3) 251.1 ( 1.3) 255.6 ( 1.5) 256.1 ( 1.6) 258.5 ( 1.1) 260.1 ( 1.2) 259.4 ( 1.2) 260.5 ( 1.0) 258.7 ( 0.9) Female ...................................................... 253 ( 1.2) 247 ( 1.2) 243.7 ( 1.2) 245.0 ( 1.3) 246.9 ( 1.5) 251.8 ( 1.1) 256.0 ( 1.0) 254.3 ( 1.2) 251.7 ( 1.3) 252.9 ( 1.0) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ................................. 263 ( 0.8) 259 ( 0.8) 256.1 ( 0.8) 257.3 ( 1.1) 259.2 ( 1.4) 264.1 ( 0.9) 267.1 ( 1.0) 266.5 ( 1.0) 265.9 ( 1.1) 265.8 ( 0.8) Black, non Hispanic .................................. 215 ( 2.4) 205 ( 2.4) 208.1 ( 2.4) 217.1 ( 1.3) 221.6 ( 2.5) 225.7 ( 3.1) 224.4 ( 2.7) 223.9 ( 4.2) 225.7 ( 2.1) 226.9 ( 2.4) Hispanic ....................................................         213.4 ( 1.9) 225.5 ( 3.9) 226.1 ( 3.1) 231.6 ( 2.6) 237.5 ( 2.6) 232.1 ( 2.4) 232.2 ( 2.5) 227.2 ( 1.9) Parental education Not high school graduate .........................         223.5 ( 1.3) 225.3 ( 1.9) 229.4 ( 2.7) 232.9 ( 2.1) 233.8 ( 2.9) 234.3 ( 2.5) 229.8 ( 3.1) 229.3 ( 2.8) Graduated high school .............................         245.3 ( 1.1) 243.1 ( 1.3) 244.8 ( 1.4) 247.3 ( 1.3) 246.4 ( 1.4) 247.1 ( 1.2) 247.6 ( 1.7) 243.2 ( 1.4) Some college ............................................         260.3 ( 1.3) 258.8 ( 1.5) 257.8 ( 1.4) 262.8 ( 1.2) 265.9 ( 1.1) 260.4 ( 2.0) 260.6 ( 1.4) 260.9 ( 1.3) Graduated college ....................................         266.4 ( 1.0) 263.5 ( 1.5) 264.4 ( 1.9) 267.5 ( 1.1) 269.2 ( 1.0) 268.8 ( 1.3) 266.4 ( 1.2) 267.7 ( 1.0) Type of school Public ........................................................         245.2 ( 1.2) 248.5 ( 1.4) 250.9 ( 1.4) 253.6 ( 1.1) 257.2 ( 1.0) 255.4 ( 1.1) 254.5 ( 1.1) 254.0 ( 1.1) Private ......................................................         267.7 ( 2.1) 263.7 ( 3.2) 263.1 ( 6.4) 269.0 ( 1.8) 264.5 ( 2.4) 267.6 ( 2.6) 267.8 ( 5.0) 269.3 ( 2.7) Region Northeast .................................................. 261 ( 2.2) 256 ( 2.2) 255.2 ( 2.3) 254.1 ( 2.1) 257.6 ( 3.1) 256.8 ( 2.7) 256.8 ( 2.2) 262.7 ( 1.7) 254.7 ( 3.0) 257.6 ( 2.4) Southeast ................................................. 239 ( 2.4) 237 ( 2.4) 235.1 ( 1.8) 238.7 ( 2.3) 247.1 ( 2.2) 251.3 ( 1.9) 254.2 ( 2.8) 252.6 ( 2.6) 250.8 ( 2.7) 251.0 ( 2.2) Central ...................................................... 262 ( 1.8) 256 ( 1.8) 253.8 ( 1.8) 253.8 ( 2.6) 249.4 ( 5.3) 260.4 ( 2.8) 262.5 ( 2.1) 261.1 ( 3.5) 265.7 ( 1.8) 259.9 ( 1.9) West ......................................................... 255 ( 1.8) 248 ( 1.8) 243.0 ( 2.3) 252.4 ( 2.8) 252.3 ( 2.7) 252.6 ( 2.1) 258.0 ( 1.6) 252.2 ( 2.1) 253.6 ( 1.8) 254.2 ( 1.5)

17 year olds Total .............................................................. 305 ( 1.0) 296 ( 1.0) 289.5 ( 1.0) 283.3 ( 1.2) 288.5 ( 1.4) 290.4 ( 1.1) 294.1 ( 1.3) 294.0 ( 1.6) 295.7 ( 1.2) 295.3 ( 1.3)

Male .......................................................... 314 ( 1.2) 304 ( 1.2) 297.0 ( 1.2) 291.9 ( 1.4) 294.9 ( 1.9) 295.6 ( 1.3) 299.1 ( 1.7) 299.5 ( 2.0) 299.7 ( 1.6) 300.4 ( 1.6) Female ...................................................... 297 ( 1.1) 288 ( 1.1) 282.2 ( 1.1) 275.2 ( 1.3) 282.3 ( 1.5) 285.4 ( 1.6) 289.0 ( 1.5) 288.9 ( 1.7) 291.8 ( 1.4) 290.6 ( 1.5) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ................................. 312 ( 0.8) 304 ( 0.8) 297.7 ( 0.7) 293.1 ( 1.0) 297.5 ( 1.7) 300.9 ( 1.1) 304.2 ( 1.3) 306.0 ( 1.5) 306.8 ( 1.2) 306.2 ( 1.3) Black, non Hispanic .................................. 258 ( 1.5) 250 ( 1.5) 240.2 ( 1.5) 234.7 ( 1.7) 252.8 ( 2.9) 253.0 ( 4.5) 256.2 ( 3.2) 256.8 ( 3.1) 260.3 ( 2.4) 254.4 ( 2.9) Hispanic ....................................................         262.3 ( 2.2) 248.7 ( 2.3) 259.3 ( 3.8) 261.5 ( 4.4) 270.2 ( 5.6) 261.4 ( 6.7) 269.3 ( 3.3) 276.0 ( 4.2) Parental education Not high school graduate .........................         265.3 ( 1.3) 258.5 ( 2.4) 257.5 ( 3.1) 261.4 ( 2.8) 262.0 ( 3.8) 255.8 ( 4.2) 259.3 ( 4.0) 264.0 ( 3.7) Graduated high school .............................         284.4 ( 0.8) 275.2 ( 1.6) 277.0 ( 2.0) 276.3 ( 1.4) 280.2 ( 2.4) 279.2 ( 1.7) 282.2 ( 2.5) 280.8 ( 2.0) Some college ............................................         295.6 ( 1.1) 290.1 ( 1.7) 295.1 ( 2.5) 296.5 ( 1.6) 295.9 ( 1.7) 294.8 ( 1.9) 297.1 ( 1.9) 296.5 ( 2.1) Graduated college ....................................         309.3 ( 1.0) 300.2 ( 1.7) 303.8 ( 2.1) 305.5 ( 1.7) 308.3 ( 1.3) 310.6 ( 1.6) 307.8 ( 1.5) 307.2 ( 1.5) Type of school Public ........................................................         288.2 ( 1.0) 282.3 ( 1.1) 287.1 ( 1.6) 289.0 ( 1.1) 292.2 ( 1.3) 291.7 ( 1.5) 294.9 ( 1.2) 293.4 ( 1.3) Private ......................................................         308.4 ( 2.4) 292.0 ( 2.9) 321.3 ( 10.1) 307.8 ( 6.6) 311.7 ( 3.7) 310.4 ( 4.8) 303.6 ( 5.5) 311.4 ( 4.9) Region Northeast .................................................. 308 ( 2.5) 298 ( 2.5) 296.3 ( 2.2) 284.4 ( 2.0) 292.2 ( 4.3) 292.6 ( 3.2) 300.1 ( 2.4) 298.9 ( 4.2) 296.0 ( 3.3) 300.6 ( 3.2) Southeast ................................................. 287 ( 2.3) 283 ( 2.3) 276.4 ( 1.9) 276.3 ( 2.7) 283.5 ( 2.0) 283.6 ( 2.4) 283.0 ( 2.5) 287.8 ( 2.8) 287.8 ( 3.1) 286.1 ( 2.7) Central ...................................................... 308 ( 1.9) 300 ( 1.9) 294.0 ( 1.5) 289.3 ( 2.6) 294.4 ( 2.3) 299.6 ( 3.0) 304.2 ( 2.7) 297.8 ( 3.7) 307.3 ( 2.6) 296.2 ( 2.4) West ......................................................... 308 ( 1.7) 295 ( 1.7) 286.5 ( 1.5) 280.9 ( 2.7) 283.2 ( 3.8) 285.8 ( 2.3) 290.4 ( 3.8) 291.8 ( 4.1) 291.7 ( 2.4) 297.8 ( 2.7)

  Not available. 1 Data for 17 year olds are for 1969.

NOTE: All age groups exclude persons not enrolled in school. These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). Performers at the 150 level know some general scientific facts of the type that could be learned from everyday experiences. Performers at the 200 level are developing some understanding of simple scientific principles, particularly in the life sciences. Performers at the 250 level can interpret data from simple tables and make inferences about the outcomes of experimental procedures. They exhibit knowledge and understanding of the life sciences and also demonstrate some knowledge of basic information from the physical sciences. Performers at the 300 level can evaluate the appropriateness of the design of an experiment and have the skill to apply their scientific knowledge in interpreting information from text and graphs. These students also exhibit a growing understanding of principles from the physical sciences. Performers at the 350 level can infer relationships and draw conclusions using detailed scientific knowledge from the physical sciences, particularly chemistry They also can apply basic principles of genetics and interpret the societal implications of research in this field. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 150 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 131.   Percent of students at or above selected science proficiency levels, by sex, race/ ethnicity, control of school, and age: 1977 to 1999 Sex, race/ ethnicity, control, and year 9 year olds 1 13 year olds 2 17 year olds 2 Know everyday science facts 3 Understand simple scientific principles 4 Apply general scientific information 5 Analyze scientific procedures and data 6 Understand simple scientific principles 4 Apply general scientific information 5 Analyze scientific procedures and data 6 Integrate specialized scientific information 7 Understand simple scientific principles 4 Apply general scientific information 5 Analyze scientific procedures and data 6 Integrate specialized scientific information 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 1977 ................................. 93.5 ( 0.6) 68.0 ( 1.1) 25.7 ( 0.7) 3.2 ( 0.3) 86.0 ( 0.7) 48.8 ( 1.1) 11.1 ( 0.5) 0.7 ( 0.1) 97.1 ( 0.2) 81.6 ( 0.7) 41.7 ( 0.9) 8.5 ( 0.4) 1982 ................................. 95.2 ( 0.7) 70.7 ( 1.9) 24.3 ( 1.8) 2.3 ( 0.7) 89.8 ( 0.8) 50.9 ( 1.6) 9.6 ( 0.7) 0.4 ( 0.1) 95.7 ( 0.5) 76.6 ( 1.0) 37.3 ( 0.9) 7.1 ( 0.4) 1986 ................................. 96.2 ( 0.3) 72.0 ( 1.1) 27.5 ( 1.4) 3.0 ( 0.5) 91.6 ( 1.0) 52.5 ( 1.6) 9.1 ( 0.9) 0.2 ( 0.1) 97.1 ( 0.5) 80.7 ( 1.3) 41.3 ( 1.4) 7.9 ( 0.7) 1990 ................................. 97.0 ( 0.3) 76.4 ( 0.9) 31.1 ( 0.8) 3.1 ( 0.3) 92.3 ( 0.7) 56.5 ( 1.0) 11.2 ( 0.6) 0.4 ( 0.1) 96.7 ( 0.3) 81.2 ( 0.9) 43.3 ( 1.3) 9.2 ( 0.5) 1992 ................................. 97.4 ( 0.3) 78.0 ( 1.2) 32.8 ( 1.0) 3.4 ( 0.3) 93.1 ( 0.5) 61.3 ( 1.1) 12.0 ( 0.8) 0.2 ( 0.1) 97.8 ( 0.5) 83.3 ( 1.2) 46.6 ( 1.5) 10.1 ( 0.7) 1994 ................................. 97.2 ( 0.4) 77.4 ( 1.0) 33.7 ( 1.2) 3.8 ( 0.4) 92.4 ( 0.6) 59.5 ( 1.1) 11.8 ( 0.9) 0.2 ( 0.1) 97.1 ( 0.7) 83.1 ( 1.2) 47.5 ( 1.3) 10.0 ( 0.8) 1996 ................................. 96.8 ( 0.4) 76.1 ( 1.2) 32.2 ( 1.3) 4.4 ( 0.4) 92.0 ( 0.8) 57.6 ( 1.1) 12.3 ( 0.7) 0.4 ( 0.2) 97.8 ( 0.3) 83.8 ( 0.9) 48.4 ( 1.3) 10.8 ( 1.0) 1999 ................................. 97.0 ( 0.3) 77.4 ( 0.8) 31.4 ( 1.0) 3.0 ( 0.4) 92.7 ( 0.4) 57.9 ( 1.0) 10.9 ( 0.7) 0.2 ( 0.1) 98.0 ( 0.3) 85.0 ( 1.1) 47.4 ( 1.4) 9.7 ( 0.7)

Male 1977 ................................. 94.3 ( 0.5) 69.5 ( 1.2) 27.4 ( 0.9) 3.7 ( 0.3) 87.2 ( 0.8) 52.3 ( 1.3) 13.1 ( 0.6) 0.9 ( 0.2) 97.8 ( 0.2) 85.2 ( 0.7) 48.8 ( 1.1) 11.8 ( 0.6) 1982 ................................. 95.0 ( 1.0) 69.7 ( 2.0) 25.6 ( 2.6) 2.5 ( 1.0) 91.9 ( 0.8) 56.2 ( 1.8) 12.6 ( 1.1) 0.5 ( 0.2) 96.8 ( 0.5) 81.2 ( 1.2) 45.2 ( 1.2) 10.4 ( 0.8) 1986 ................................. 96.8 ( 0.5) 74.1 ( 1.4) 29.9 ( 2.0) 3.8 ( 0.6) 92.9 ( 1.0) 57.3 ( 2.1) 11.9 ( 1.3) 0.3 ( 0.2) 97.4 ( 0.7) 82.4 ( 1.4) 48.8 ( 2.1) 11.4 ( 1.3) 1990 ................................. 96.8 ( 0.5) 76.3 ( 1.2) 33.1 ( 1.1) 4.2 ( 0.6) 92.7 ( 0.8) 59.8 ( 1.3) 14.0 ( 0.9) 0.6 ( 0.2) 96.8 ( 0.5) 82.5 ( 1.2) 48.2 ( 1.6) 13.0 ( 0.8) 1992 ................................. 97.7 ( 0.3) 80.4 ( 1.4) 37.2 ( 1.7) 4.6 ( 0.6) 93.1 ( 0.8) 62.9 ( 1.4) 14.2 ( 1.1) 0.3 ( 0.1) 98.0 ( 0.6) 85.0 ( 1.4) 50.9 ( 2.0) 13.6 ( 1.0) 1994 ................................. 97.1 ( 0.4) 77.6 ( 0.9) 35.3 ( 1.4) 4.5 ( 0.7) 92.2 ( 0.8) 62.0 ( 1.3) 14.8 ( 1.1) 0.3 ( 0.2) 97.1 ( 0.6) 84.9 ( 1.3) 52.9 ( 1.8) 13.8 ( 1.2) 1996 ................................. 96.9 ( 0.5) 76.8 ( 1.8) 33.9 ( 1.9) 5.2 ( 0.7) 93.2 ( 0.9) 61.7 ( 1.4) 15.5 ( 0.9) 0.7 ( 0.2) 97.5 ( 0.5) 83.8 ( 1.1) 53.1 ( 1.5) 14.2 ( 1.4) 1999 ................................. 97.1 ( 0.5) 77.8 ( 1.3) 33.4 ( 1.3) 3.7 ( 0.6) 93.0 ( 0.6) 61.0 ( 1.2) 13.1 ( 1.2) 0.2   98.0 ( 0.5) 85.6 ( 1.5) 52.7 ( 1.6) 12.9 ( 1.2)

Female 1977 ................................. 92.8 ( 0.7) 66.5 ( 1.1) 24.0 ( 0.9) 2.6 ( 0.3) 84.7 ( 0.8) 45.4 ( 1.2) 9.0 ( 0.5) 0.4 ( 0.1) 96.4 ( 0.3) 78.0 ( 1.0) 34.8 ( 1.0) 5.3 ( 0.4) 1982 ................................. 95.5 ( 1.2) 71.8 ( 2.2) 23.0 ( 2.0) 2.1 ( 0.6) 87.9 ( 1.0) 46.0 ( 1.6) 6.9 ( 0.7) 0.2 ( 0.1) 94.6 ( 0.8) 72.2 ( 1.3) 29.9 ( 1.2) 3.9 ( 0.4) 1986 ................................. 95.6 ( 0.6) 70.0 ( 1.3) 25.1 ( 1.4) 2.2 ( 0.5) 90.3 ( 1.2) 47.7 ( 1.7) 6.3 ( 1.1) 0.1 ( 0.1) 96.9 ( 0.5) 79.1 ( 1.7) 34.1 ( 1.5) 4.5 ( 0.8) 1990 ................................. 97.1 ( 0.4) 76.4 ( 1.1) 29.1 ( 1.0) 2.0 ( 0.3) 92.0 ( 0.8) 53.3 ( 1.4) 8.5 ( 0.6) 0.2   96.6 ( 0.6) 79.9 ( 1.4) 38.7 ( 1.7) 5.5 ( 0.5) 1992 ................................. 97.1 ( 0.5) 75.7 ( 1.2) 28.6 ( 1.1) 2.2 ( 0.3) 93.1 ( 0.7) 59.6 ( 1.4) 9.9 ( 0.8) 0.2   97.5 ( 0.7) 81.6 ( 1.4) 42.0 ( 1.7) 6.6 ( 1.0) 1994 ................................. 97.3 ( 0.5) 77.2 ( 1.4) 32.2 ( 1.5) 3.2 ( 0.4) 92.6 ( 0.6) 57.1 ( 1.4) 8.8 ( 1.0) 0.1   97.2 ( 1.0) 81.6 ( 1.6) 42.4 ( 1.8) 6.4 ( 0.6) 1996 ................................. 96.6 ( 0.6) 75.5 ( 1.0) 30.7 ( 1.9) 3.6 ( 0.6) 90.9 ( 1.2) 53.8 ( 1.5) 9.2 ( 0.8) 0.2   98.1 ( 0.4) 83.7 ( 1.1) 43.9 ( 1.7) 7.4 ( 1.0) 1999 ................................. 97.0 ( 0.5) 77.0 ( 1.3) 29.5 ( 1.3) 2.4 ( 0.4) 92.4 ( 0.6) 54.7 ( 1.7) 8.8 ( 0.8) 0.1   98.0 ( 0.5) 84.5 ( 1.4) 42.5 ( 1.7) 6.8 ( 0.8)

White, non Hispanic 1977 ................................. 97.7 ( 0.3) 76.8 ( 0.7) 30.8 ( 0.7) 3.9 ( 0.3) 92.2 ( 0.5) 56.5 ( 0.9) 13.4 ( 0.5) 0.8 ( 0.1) 99.2 ( 0.1) 88.2 ( 0.4) 47.5 ( 0.7) 10.0 ( 0.4) 1982 ................................. 98.3 ( 0.4) 78.4 ( 2.0) 29.4 ( 2.1) 2.9 ( 0.9) 94.4 ( 0.6) 58.3 ( 1.4) 11.5 ( 0.8) 0.4 ( 0.1) 98.6 ( 0.2) 84.9 ( 0.9) 43.9 ( 1.1) 8.6 ( 0.6) 1986 ................................. 98.2 ( 0.3) 78.9 ( 1.0) 32.7 ( 1.5) 3.8 ( 0.6) 96.1 ( 0.8) 61.0 ( 1.7) 11.3 ( 1.2) 0.3 ( 0.1) 98.8 ( 0.3) 87.8 ( 1.4) 48.7 ( 1.7) 9.6 ( 0.9) 1990 ................................. 99.2 ( 0.2) 84.4 ( 0.7) 37.5 ( 1.1) 3.9 ( 0.4) 96.9 ( 0.4) 66.5 ( 1.2) 14.2 ( 0.8) 0.5 ( 0.1) 99.0 ( 0.2) 89.6 ( 0.8) 51.2 ( 1.5) 11.4 ( 0.7) 1992 ................................. 99.2 ( 0.1) 85.5 ( 0.9) 39.4 ( 1.1) 4.3 ( 0.4) 97.9 ( 0.4) 71.1 ( 1.3) 15.0 ( 1.0) 0.3 ( 0.1) 99.3 ( 0.3) 90.5 ( 1.0) 55.4 ( 1.7) 12.8 ( 0.9) 1994 ................................. 99.1 ( 0.3) 85.6 ( 1.0) 40.8 ( 1.5) 4.9 ( 0.6) 97.6 ( 0.4) 70.5 ( 1.1) 14.8 ( 1.0) 0.3 ( 0.1) 99.3 ( 0.3) 91.5 ( 0.9) 57.5 ( 1.6) 13.2 ( 1.1) 1996 ................................. 98.6 ( 0.3) 83.8 ( 1.2) 39.6 ( 1.5) 5.9 ( 0.5) 97.0 ( 0.5) 68.5 ( 1.2) 15.9 ( 0.8) 0.6 ( 0.2) 99.3 ( 0.3) 91.2 ( 0.7) 58.5 ( 1.6) 13.8 ( 1.4) 1999 ................................. 99.3 ( 0.2) 86.7 ( 0.7) 39.2 ( 1.3) 4.1 ( 0.5) 97.5 ( 0.3) 69.4 ( 1.0) 14.3 ( 1.0) 0.2   99.4 ( 0.2) 92.6 ( 0.8) 57.2 ( 2.0) 12.4 ( 0.7)