t and Air Toxics Emissions Inventory ; Benjie Staggs; V. Andy Williams; Timothy Hall; Sairam Thiagarajan Manufacturers Association atile Emissions from Hydrogenated Biodiesel Fuels rict Analysis Division; Brooks Air Force Base, TX lycyclic Organic Matter him ( 2), Linda Phillip nology llstrom; Robert A. Okamoto; Paul R TABLE 4  TESTING METHODOLO Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Assessment of Test Quality Comments Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Reference Number Mobile Source Characteristics Test Fuel Characteristics Drive Schedule/ Drive Schedule Testing Laboratory Measurement Technique Testing Methods 1 58 light duty vehicles ( 1983 1991 model years) Various gasoline and alternative fuels FTP ( UDDS), including evaporative and running loss testing. General Motors and Ford emissions certification laboratories Standard FTP techniques with GC/ FID and LC/ UV used for speciation A Federal certification test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility 2 4 in use rental vehicles from San Antonio, TX   mileage less than 10,000 miles Industry average gasoline ( RF A)   no fuel specification provided Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule ( UDDS), Highway Fuel Economy Test ( HFET), and US06 Emissions testing ( Southwest Research Institute); particle composition analysis ( Desert Research Institute) Particulate emissions ( Pallflex and Fluoropore filters); particle composition ( X ray fluorescence spectroscopy) B Particulate composition analysis is fairly detailed, but only average and standard deviation values are given. Some document 3 5 heavy duty engines Gasoline ( industry average and California Phase 2 Reformulated blends), diesel, LPG, and CNG Federal certification engine test schedule ( Otto cycle or diesel cycle) Southwest Research Institute THC ( FID), NOx ( CL), CO and CO2 ( NDIR), HC speciations ( GC/ FID), and aldehydes/ ketones ( LC/ UV) A Federal certification test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility. Full speciated test results not 4 All on road and off road vehicles and engines, excluding locomotives and commercial marine vessels Gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel   no fuel specifications provided See comments See comments See comments D Emissions not directly measured. Other references used to derive speciation profiles.

5 20 vehicles tested for EC Premium pilot vs. URP; subset of 14 vehicles tested for EC Premium pilot vs. EC Premium produc ARCO EC Premium ( pilot and production) and URP ( gasoline representing typical non reformulated Los Angeles premium Federal Test Procedure ( FTP); Sealed Housing for Evaporative Emissions Determination ( SHED) Exhaust emissions testing at Southwest Research Institute; exhaust and evaporative emissions testing at National Institute of HC speciation ( GC analysis); aldehydes ( impingers and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) A Detailed speciations provided for individual vehicles; fleet average emission factors given for benzene ( exhaust and evaporati 6 80 light duty passenger vehicles ( 16 non catalyst, 62 catalyst, and 2 diesel); 1 heavy duty diesel truck engine Mainly " as received" gasoline ( light duty); 6 diesel fuels for heavy duty diesel truck engine   no fuel specifications provided Unknown for gasoline and light duty diesel; EPA hot transient and cold transient tests for heavy duty diesel Unknown CVS and GC analysis C Limited emissions testing with few details provided. Many emission factors derived by multiplying TOG emissions by the 1,

7 5 pieces of lawn and garden equipment Unleaded certification gasoline CARB modified J1088 procedure Southwest Research Institute HC, CO, NOx, CO2, and O2 ( per J1088 requirements), PM ( fabricated dilution tunnel), HC speciations ( GC/ FID), and aldeh A J1088 and certification equivalent test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility.

8 13 pieces of lawn and garden equipment, 8 pieces of farm equipment. All engines tested " as received". Exxon unleaded gasoline ( 87 octane) and Arco diesel fuel from California Polytechnic State University motor pool   no fuel Steady state conditions; 10 15 minute sample collection period Emissions testing ( California Polytechnic State University); chemical analyses ( Environmental Analytical Service, Inc.) < C10 hydrocarbons ( canisters) and > C10 hydrocarbons ( XAD 2 resin cartridges), aldehydes ( impingers); GC MS analysis A Detailed speciations provided for individual equipment tests.

9 Cummins L10 heavy duty test engine Pre 1993, low aromatic, and alternative diesel Heavy duty engine transient FTP Emissions testing at Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority; particle composition analysis ( Desert Resea HC ( HFID), NOx ( CL analyzer), CO and CO2 ( NDIR), PM ( filters), GC/ LC, and particle composition ( x ray fluorescence sp A Detailed emissions data provided for individual fuel tests.

10 Commercial marine vessels and locomotives See comments See comments See comments See comments D Commercial marine vessels and locomotives not directly tested. Other references used to derive emission speciations and fac 11 Aircraft See comments See comments See comments See comments D Aircraft not directly tested. Other references used to derive emission speciations and factors.

12 Nonroad vehicles and equipment See comments See comments See comments See comments D Nonroad vehicles and equipment not directly tested. Other references used to derive emission speciations and factors.

13 On road vehicles See comments See comments See comments See comments D On road vehicles not directly tested. Other references used to derive emission speciations and factors.

14 On road vehicles Gasoline and diesel; typical gasoline parameters assumed for summer RFG, winter RFG, oxygenated non RFG, and non oxy See comments See comments See comments D On road vehicles not directly tested. Estimated emission rates are presented, but they represent fleetwide average emission ra 15 40 LDGV and HDDV vehicles Unleaded gasoline, leaded gasoline, and diesel  Except for some general aromatic content values, fuel specifications not prov Cold Start FTP ( UDDS), 1972 18 cycle test, 7 mode test, and various chassis dynamometer transient tests See comments See comments D/ F Summary of previous testing studies. Most tested vehicles are no longer in current vehicle fleet. All catalyst equipped vehic 16 All on and off road vehicles and engines, aircraft, marine vessels, and locomotives See comments See comments See comments See comments D No actual emissions testing was performed. " Top down" emission estimates only. 17 All on road and off road vehicles and engines, excluding locomotives and commercial marine vessels Gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D No actual emissions testing was performed; analysis of test data collected in other studies.

18 All on road and off road vehicles and engines Gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D No actual emissions testing was performed. Test data collected in other studies used in procedural guidance for development 19 All on road vehicles Gasoline and diesel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D No actual emissions testing was performed. Test data collected in other studies used in modeling study to estimate emission 20 See comments Base gasoline, 10% ethanol blend, and 11% MTBE blend See comments See comments See comments D Emissions not directly measured. Other references used to derive speciation profiles, but limited documentation.

21 On road light duty gasoline vehicles Gasoline  Some partial fuel specifications provided See comments See comments See comments D Emissions not directly measured. Basic test data collected in other studies was used. However, this data was not actually pro 22 On road motor vehicles Base gasoline, 10% ethanol blend, and 11% MTBE blend See comments See comments See comments C Emissions not directly measured. Other references used to derive speciation profiles.

23 6 on road vehicles ( 1989 1990 model years) Gasoline and diesel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D Emissions not directly measured. Utilized test data collected in other studies to estimate the potential magnitude of on road v 24 A C All on and off road vehicles and engines, aircraft, marine vessels; and locomotives Gasoline, diesel, CNG, and jet fuel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments A C ( varies with specific mobile source category and speciation profile selected) Emissions not directly measured. Compendium of mobile source VOC and PM speciation data collected by various researche 24 D F All on and off road vehicles and engines, aircraft, marine vessels; and locomotives Gasoline, diesel, LPG, and jet fuel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D F ( varies with specific mobile source category and speciation profile selected) Emissions not directly measured. Compendium of mobile source VOC and PM speciation data collected by various researche 25 All on and off road vehicles and engines, aircraft, marine vessels; and locomotives Gasoline, diesel and jet fuel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D Emissions were not directly measured. Various methodologies from other studies were used in modeling study to estimate to 26 All off road gasoline and diesel engines Gasoline and diesel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D Emissions were not directly measured. Test data from other studies were used in modeling study to estimate toxic emission f 27 26 non U. S. ( i. e., Sweden, Germany, and New Zealand) LDGV and HDDV vehicles Leaded gasoline, unleaded gasoline, and diesel  Incomplete fuel specifications provided; however, fuels do not appear to be r A10/ FTP 73 cycle, U. S. 13 mode diesel truck cycle, unspecified cycle portrayed as an FTP 73 equivalent, and roadside meas Unknown Unknown D/ F Initial recommendations for dioxin emission factors from gasoline and diesel motor vehicles on the basis of data from severa 28 Turbine aircraft, piston aircraft, and non catalyst light duty gasoline vehicles Gasoline and jet fuel  Fuel specifications not provided See comments See comments See comments D Aircraft and vehicles not directly tested. Other references used to derive speciation profiles.

29 10 4 stroke lawn mower engines ( 3 new; 7 between 2 and 16 years old) 1990 baseline reference gasoline ( RF A) and a California Phase 2 reformulated gasoline ( CaRFG) Composite Six Mode ( C6M) test cycle U. S. EPA, Mobile Source Emissions Laboratory CO ( NDIR), NOx ( CL), speciated HC ( GC/ FID), and aldehydes/ ketones ( LC/ UV) using engine dynamometer based CVS sam A Data collected in accordance with EPA laboratory procedures and standards 30 4 stroke Tecumseh Model OVRM40; 2 stroke Yamaha CG 50 Industry average gasoline ( RF A), MTBE reformulated gas ( RF N), ethanol reformulated gas ( RF T), and European aliphatic " 1 bag" or " integrated sample" J1088 test Southwest Research Institute HC speciation ( GC analysis); aldehydes and ethanol ( impingers and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) A/ B Detailed emissions data provided, but only a limited number of reported HAP species.

31 2 stroke McCulloch EB285BC string trimmer, 4 stroke Tecumseh TVS 90 lawn mower. Industry average reference gasoline ( RF A), aliphatic gasoline ( AG), commercial LPG, and propane Self weighting test equivalent to J1088 6 mode non handheld and 2 mode handheld test tests. Southwest Research Institute Criteria pollutants ( standard J1088 measurement methods); HC speciation ( GC/ FID and LC/ FID) A J1088 and certification equivalent test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility.

32 U. S. average, urban, and rural fleets See comments See comments See comments See comments D Motor vehicles were not directly tested. Fleet average emission rates for entire U. S., urban areas, and rural areas were estima 33 U. S. average, urban, and rural fleets See comments See comments See comments See comments D/ F Motor vehicles were not directly tested. Emission factors not provided in document. Fleet average emission rates for entire U 34 46 in use LDGVs ( 1975 1982 model years), Mix of GM, Ford, Chrysler, AMC, Imports Two gasoline test fuels ( Summer grade premium and winter grade regular) FTP ( no diurnals), NYCC, and Crowded Urban Expressway ( CUE)  Hot soak evaporative test U. S. EPA, Environmental Sciences Research Lab HC speciation ( GC); aldehyde measurement by reverse phase gradient programming A Highly detailed, well documented 35 F101 and F110 aircraft engines JP 4 4 power settings ( idle, 44%, 75%, and 107%) in indoor test cell measured using 12 port exhaust sampling probe Tinker AFB ( Oklahoma City, OK) Methane and C2 C15 HC ( gas chromatograph), carbonyls ( HPLC), PAHs ( GC/ MS) B Recognized poor relationship between calculated and measured fuel/ air ratio. Emission rate units are ppmC.

36 TF 39 and CFM 56 aircraft engines JP 5 3 power settings ( idle, 30%, and 80%) in indoor test cell measured using 12 port exhaust sampling probe General Electric testing facility Methane and C2 C15 HC ( FI GC), PAHs ( GC/ MS), carbonyls ( HPLC) B Emission rate units are ppmC.

37 5 light duty gas vehicles ( 1977 1991 model years) Reformulated gasoline, unspecified non oxygenated, unspecified ethanol oxygenated gasoline, and specified MTBE oxygenat FTP ( UDDS) Not specified, but likely U. S. EPA, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory Not specified, but likely criteria pollutants ( standard FTP measurement methods) and HC speciation ( GC/ FID and LC/ FID) A/ B Likely that federal certification test procedures were performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility. Some docum 38 9 gasoline powered vehicles ( 1984 1987 model years) 70 degF tests ( summer grade), 40 degF tests ( summer and winter grade), and 20 degF tests ( winter grade) Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule ( UDDS) and Modified FTP ( UDDS U. S. EPA Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab THC ( FID), CO ( NDIR), NOx ( chemiluminescence), and HC species ( 4 column GC) A Pollutants measured directly and some general sensitivity analysis performed.

39 3 gasoline powered vehicles ( 1977 1984 model years) Base non oxygenated gasoline and an ethanol oxygenated gasoline FTP ( UDDS) U. S. EPA, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory Criteria pollutants ( standard FTP exhaust and evaporative test procedures) and HC speciation ( GC/ FID and LC/ UV) A Federal certification test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility.

40 11 gasoline powered vehicles ( 1985 1987 model years) 70 degF tests ( summer grade), 40 degF tests ( summer and winter grade), and 20 degF tests ( winter grade) Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule ( UDDS) and Modified FTP ( UDDS U. S. EPA Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab THC ( FID), CO ( NDIR), NOx ( chemiluminescence), and HC species ( 2 column GC) A Pollutants measured directly and some general sensitivity analysis performed.

41 3 gasoline powered vehicles ( 1977 1984 model years) Base non oxygenated gasoline and an MTBE oxygenated gasoline FTP ( UDDS) U. S. EPA, Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory Criteria pollutants ( standard FTP exhaust and evaporative test procedures) and HC speciation ( GC/ FID and LC/ UV) A Federal certification test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility.

42 2 California vehicles ( 1986 and 1987 model years) Chevron unleaded gasoline without ethanol or methanol Federal Test Procedure ( FTP), Highway Fuel Economy Test ( HFET), and New York City Cycle ( NYCC) Southwest Research Institute CVS ( HC, CO, CO2, NOx, 1,3 butadiene), traps and impingers ( aldehydes, ketones, phenols, semi volatiles, volatiles, and ni B Pollutants measured directly, but some documentation of test methodology was lacking.

43 5 vehicles with different emission control technology: pre catalyst, oxidation catalyst, 3 way catalyst with carburetor and air Aromatic enriched gasoline; 10% ethanol blend; 16.4% MTBE blend; 19.1% ETBE blend Federal Test Procedure ( FTP) Southwest Research Institute Criteria pollutants and some unregulated pollutants ( Constant Volume Sampler and Tedlar bags); aldehydes and ethanol ( im A/ B 44 881 exhaust data points ( Auto Oil   156; ATL   592; UNOCAL   26; ARCO   12; API   8; Chevron   87); 149 diurnal/ hot Various fuels with MTBE content ranging from 0.6% to 18.6% Federal Test Procedure ( FTP). See comment See comment D Motor vehicles were not directly tested. Regression analyses similar to those used in the Complex Model were used to derive 45 58 light duty vehicles ( 1983 1994 model years plus " future technology" vehicles) Various gasoline and alternative fuels FTP ( UDDS), including evaporative and running loss testing. General Motors and Ford emissions certification laboratories Criteria pollutants ( standard FTP exhaust and evaporative test procedures) and HC speciation ( GC/ FID and LC/ UV) A Federal certification test procedures performed at a federally recognized emissions test facility.

46 13 light duty vehicles ( 1982 1996 model years) Various combinations of California Phase 2 reformulated, commercial unleaded, and certification ( i. e., indolene) gasolines  Paired FTP ( UDDS) and Unified cycle tests California Air Resources Board motor vehicle emissions certification test laboratory Criteria pollutants ( standard FTP exhaust and evaporative test procedures) and HC speciation ( GC/ FID and LC/ UV) A California certification test procedures performed at the CARB laboratory.

47 Hercules GTA 3.7 L Medium Duty CNG Engine 95.6mol% methane CNG fuel operated at seven load and speed set points West Virginia Univ. dilution tunnel, GC 48 1993 Chevrolet Lumina CNG, LPG, CA Phase II RFG chassis dynamometer portion of the FTP for light duty vehicles, UDDS Southwest Research Institute EPA protocols for light duty testing, analytical procedures similar to CRC Auto/ Oil Phase II methods ( GC, HPLC and MS, F 50 92 93 Chevrolet Lumina, Ford Taurus, Plymouth Acclaim Industry Average Fuel A, RFG Fuel C2, E85 Federal Test Procedures ( FTP), tailpipe emissions with AQIRP Phase II measurement technology for alcohol fuels GM Vehicle Emissions Laboratory in Milford, MI Standard FTP techniques with GC/ FID 53 11 in use vehicles( light duty trucks and automobiles), 1969 1994 in tank fuel FTP urban driving cycle CARB Haagen Smit Laboratory in El Monte, CA GC/ FID, LC/ UV ( carbonyls)

61 5 gasoline light duty vehicles, 2 diesel medium duty trucks diesel, CA reformulated phase II unleaded gasoline FTP urban driving cycle CARB Haagen Smit Laboratory in El Monte, CA OPC, DMA/ CNC, MOUDIs 62 1995 Isuzu intercooled turbo diesel truck, GMC Vandura 3500 full sized commercial van in use CA reformulated diesel hot start FTP urban driving cycle CARB Haagen Smit Laboratory in El Monte, CA GC/ MS, GC/ FID 87 173 in use light duty gasoline and 22 light duty diesel vehicles in tank fuel, or local commercial fuel Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule ( UDDS) of the FTP and the IM240 driving cycle Aurora Emission Test Facility TOR, IC, EDXRF, GC/ MS 92 1 American Transportation and 1 Blue Bird School Bus Conventional Diesel ( CD), low emitting diesel ( LED), and CNG City Suburban Heavy Vehicle Cycle ( CSHVC) Southwest Research Institute GC/ MS, LC/ UV 95 1998 American Transportaiton 3000RE School Bus, two ( 2) 1999 Sterling AT9513 Class 8 Tractor Trailer, 1998 New Flyer market average CARB diesel, ECD, ECD 1, Fischer Tropsch diesel, CNG City Suburban Heavy Vehicle Route ( CSHVR) and Central Business District ( CBD) West Virginia University Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Lab in Southern California GC/ MS, HPLC 98 Diesel Engine ( DaimlerChrysler OM611  2.2L) Five diesel fuels ( CARB diesel, ALS, FT 100, ADMM 15, DF 2) 4 speed load modes ( developed in the Ad Hoc Diesel Fuel Test Program and represent many of the operating modes found in Southwest Research Institute PUF/ XAD 2 trap, Pallflex filters, GC/ MS/ SIM, and HPLC( formaldehyde and acetaldehyde)

99 Diesel Engine ( DaimlerChrysler OM611  2.2L) Five diesel fuels ( CARB diesel, ALS, FT 100, ADMM 15, DF 2) 4 speed load modes ( developed in the Ad Hoc Diesel Fuel Test Program and represent many of the operating modes found in Southwest Research Institute PUF/ XAD 2 trap, Pallflex filters, GC/ MS/ SIM, and HPLC( formaldehyde and acetaldehyde)

100 Diesel Engine ( DaimlerChrysler OM611  2.2L) Five diesel fuels ( CARB diesel, ALS, FT 100, ADMM 15, DF 2) 2 speed load modes ( developed in the Ad Hoc Diesel Fuel Test Program and represent many of the operating modes found in Southwest Research Institute PUF/ XAD 2 trap, Pallflex filters, GC/ MS/ SIM, and HPLC( formaldehyde and acetaldehyde)

101 prototype and recent model year production Ford vehicles Howell Hydrocarbons Ford Spec. M4C 50D certification test fuel ( EEE) Federal ( EPA) 2 day diurnal SHED test for evaporative emissions from light duty vehicles Ford Motor Co. GC/ FID, GC/ MS 102 Highway truck, Urban transit truck, Full size pickup truck engines ( 1997 Cummins N14, 1997 DDC Series 50, 1995 Cummi Diesel ( 2D), Blended fuel  20% biodiesel to 80 % diesel ( B20), and Biodiesel ( B100) Standard FTP procedures ( FID) Southwest Research Institute GC/ MS/ SIM, HPLC 115 7 gasoline automobiles California Phase II RFG Emission were collected 10 sec after ignition of vehicle ( cold start), and after 30 minute warmup period UC Riverside Aerosol time of filght mass spectrometry ( ATOFMS)

131 1989 domestic vehicle Indolene Fuel FTP AutoResearch Lab., Inc. GC, HPLC 138 1991 Ford Taurus 91 RON mileage accumulation ( M4C 332A), CARB reformulated ( CF 3) cold start testing, procedure documented in paper Ford Motor Co. GC/ FID 147 1991 GM Camaro, 1988 Ford Taurus, 1990 Chrysler Shadow Fuel A ( Industry Average Gasoline); Fuel H ( low aromatic, low T90, high olefin, MTBE containing gasoline) urban portion of the FTP ( no evap or running loss emissions was conducted) General Motors Vehicle Emissions Laboratory in Milford, MI GC/ FID, HPLC 155 1989 TMC Model RTS kneeling bus Petrol Canada low sulphur diesel fuel, 20% methyl soyate w/ base diesel Central Business District ( CBD), New York Bus Composite ( NYCOMP), and Arterial cycles Mobile Source Emissions Division of Environment Canada GC/ FID, HPLC 166 25 heavy heavy duty diesel trucks ( HHDDT) Diesel Fuels  see Test fuel page laden AC50/ 80 cycle, laden UDDS, laden and unladen CARB HHDDT schedule Testing was done in the Los Angeles Area in the WVU Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories XRF, GC/ MS, GC/ FID, HPLC 170 5 in use small lawn and garden equipment engines emissions grade, unleaded, certification gasoline CARB J1088 test mode procedure for gaseous emissions from small utility engines Southwest Research Institute HC ( GC FID); Aldehydes/ Ketones( dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative. Liquid chromatograph with UV detector)

173 diesel engine ( Caterpillar 3406E 14.9 L) Biodiesel HySEE, blended HySEE/ diesel ( 50: 50), 100% diesel EPA Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Transient Test cycle Caterpillar Emissions Testing Facility, Technical Center, Mossville, Illinois GC, MSD 175 Six marine vessels Fuel Oil and Gas Oil steady state running and some ( E4, E6) at low load conditions Marine Exhaust Emission Research Programme HPLC, HRGC MSD, Heavy Metals ( Plasma emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy) 177 In Phase II of the study, 10 light duty vehicles were analyzed for chemical speciation post 1996 California Phase 2 gasoline Unified Cycle ( UC) CE CERT's Vehicle Emission Research Laboratory GC MS 180 HD Diesel engine ( 1995 Cummins B5.9L diesel engine) rapeseed ethyl ester ( REE), rapeseed methyl ester ( RME) 100, 50, 20% heavy duty transient FTP Southwest Research Institute DFI/ GC, DNPH, GC/ MS 183 Cummins L10 6 cyl, inline turbo 4 stroke direct injected diesel engine 3 diesel fuels: pre 1993 fuel, low aromatic fuel, reformulated blend Heavy Duty diesel engine transient FTP Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( LACMTA) emission dynamometer facility GC MS 184 5 off road gasoline engines tested ( out of these, only 2 were tested for unregulated emissions) Phase II Gasoline and LPG 7 mode ISO 8178 C2 cycle ( for variable speed applications) and 5 mode ISO 8178 D2 ( for constant speed applications) Southwest Research Institute ( Department of Emissions Research Test Cell 2) GC/ FID 187 Six Locomotives ( 3 EMD and 3 GE engines) and DDC Series 60 test engine 4 Diesel Fuels ( CARB Fuel, On Highway Fuel, High Sulfur Nonroad, 0.3% Sulfur Nonroad) FTP for locomotives SwRI Locomotive Exhaust Emissions Test Center in San Antonio, TX GC/ FID, DNPH, HPLC/ UV, PUF/ XAD traps ( PAH's), ICP AES ( metals)

188 ~ 300 light duty and medium duty vehicles all testing with fuel already present in vehicle when possible Standard Baseline Vehicles: 1. BAR 97 Tests ( Visual, Functional, ASM Tests, Gas Cap Test and Waekon FPT3000 pressure CARB's Haagen Smit Laboratory ( HSL) in El Monte, CA FTIR, GC 189 3 Super Low Emission Vehicles ( SULEVs) CA Phase II Gasoline CARB Unified Driving Cycle ( UDC or LA92) Southwest Research Institute GC/ FID, Carbonyls ( DNPH, HPLC) 190 16 jet engines, 2 helicopter engines, and 2 auxiliary power units ( APUs) military JP 8 jet fuel varying engine load conditions  Aircraft ( Idle, Approach, Intermediate, Military, Afterburner); APUs ( one power setting), H eight government installations ( Kelly AFB, TX; Corpus Christi Army Depot; Tinker AFB, OK; Laughlin AFB, TX; Charlest VOCs( EPA Method TO 14); Aldehydes and Ketones ( EPA Method TO 05, Weston modification), PAHs ( EPA Method TO 1 191 fifteen nonroad diesel engines were tested in three separate engine emission test programs ( construction, utility and agricultu various diesel fuels ( 2D, NR, CA, EC) Unregulated emissions quantified over the FTP and Backhoe loader nonroad transient duty ( BHL) cycles, and CFR 40 Part 8 Southwest Research Institute includes GC, DNPH technique, ICP MS, GC/ MS in SIM mode 192 a gasoline vehicle equipped with a three way catalyst ( a European Stage III vehicle fitted with a close coupled catalyst) Three sulfur fuel levels were used  57 ppm S ( RF 08); 100 ppm S ( RF 08 doped); 150 ppm S ( RF 02 doped) A custom H2S drive cycle which was developed prior to the work was used as the starting point for the test refinement Emission Laboratory at the Ford Dunton Technical Centre IR based detector; chemical ionization MS 193 75 in use light duty gasoline cars and trucks In tank gasoline 2 repeats of the Hot 505 cycle ( driving cycle is the same as is used in both Phase 1 and 3 of the FTP) B. C. AirCare Research Facility in Burnaby, Canada Various  isocratic ion chromatography, XRF, GC/ MSD, HPLC, GC/ MS, high res GC/ FID 197 306 light duty vehicles 11 heavy duty engines FTP tests entation missing not included in reference. Companion reference ( SwRI Report 9856) is likely to have full speciation profiles. However duction m unleaded gasoline   1988 1989)

of Petroleum and Energy Research rative) and 1,3 butadiene, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde ( exhaust only) ed 1,3 butadiene/ TOG ratio from analogous emission control technologies. Emission factors adjusted for decay of 1,3 bu dehydes/ ketones ( LC/ UV)

el specifications provided search Institute) spectroscopy)

factors. xygenated fuel n rates and not specific emission rates for any one particular vehicle. The study does make use of reference 46 test data rovided hicles used experimental design equipment rather than actual production catalysts. ent of a modeling inventory.

on impacts on the basis of fuel relationships.

provided or adequately referenced. ad vehicle toxic emission species. Emission species and impacts normalized to total VOC emissions.

chers. A total of 44 VOC speciation profiles and 27 PM specification profiles are included.

chers. A total of 79 VOC speciation profiles and 10 PM specification profiles are included.

toxic emissions from particular source categories. n fractions for particular off road vehicle source categories.

be representative of U. S. fuels easurement eral independent emission studies. Significant uncertainty due to concerns regarding the representativeness of tested ve sampling atic gasoline ( for chainsaws) imated using an indirect mapping approach.

re U. S., urban areas, and rural areas were estimated using an indirect mapping approach.

nated gasoline umentation missing.

nitrosamines) ir pump, 3 way catalyst with throttle body fuel injection, 3 way catalyst with port fuel injection impingers)

ot soak data points ( Auto Oil   133; ARCO   10; ATL   6).

ive emission factors.

s  Fuel specifications not provided , FID) yer Diesel Transit Bus, 2000 and 2001 New Flyer CNG Transit Bus in the US FTP cycle)

in the US FTP cycle)

in the US FTP cycle)  utilizing 3 differing engine control strategies mins B5.9) ure test) 2. Enhanced CVS Test ( EC) 3. Unified Cycle ( UC) Test ( In addition, different tests are run for ULEV vehicles ), Helicopters ( 4 power settings) leston AFB, SC; Edwards AFB, CA; Naval Aviation depot, Cherry Point, NC; Barnes Air National Guard Base, MA) O 13)

ltural equipment applications)

rt 89, C1 weighted steady state test ver, specia  butadiene samples. ata to determ vehicles and fu les, UCC vehicles, and sepa TABLE 5  TEST FUEL INFORMATION ( AS PROVIDED IN REFERENCE DOCUMENTS)

THE COMBINATION OF REFERENCE NUMBER AND FUEL CODE SERVE AS UNIQUE I WHEREVER POSSIBLE, THE FUEL CODE ACTUALLY USED IN THE REFERENCE DOC Reference Fuel RVP Aromatics Olefins Number Fuel Description Code ( psi) ( vol%) ( vol%)

1 Industry Average Gasoline A 8.72 32.0 9.2 1 Certification Gasoline ( Indolene) B 8.72 29.9 4.6 1 Low Sulfur Gasoline B2 8.86 26.7 2.5 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMot) C 8.74 43.8 3.3 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( amOT) D 8.50 20.7 22.3 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMOT) E 8.65 43.8 17.2 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( amot) F 8.76 20.0 3.2 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AmOt) G 8.78 44.3 17.4 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMOt) H 8.49 20.2 20.3 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AmoT) I 8.94 42.9 4.1 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMoT) J 8.59 21.4 4.0 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( Amot) K 8.83 45.7 4.9 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AmOT) L 8.48 47.8 17.7 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMOT) M 8.71 17.9 21.8 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( 8rvp) MM 7.99 22.2 5.4 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMot) N 8.75 21.4 5.7 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMot) N2 8.79 21.4 4.9 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMot) NN 8.76 22.5 4.7 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMOt) O 8.63 46.7 19.3 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( amOt) P 8.51 20.3 18.3 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( amoT) Q 8.59 21.5 4.8 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMoT) R 8.36 45.9 4.0 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( R111) S 7.99 21.2 3.8 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( R122) T 9.32 18.1 3.6 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( R132) U 9.59 19.1 3.1 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( R211) V 7.79 33.5 8.9 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( R222) W 9.04 29.0 8.1 1 Reformulated Gasoline ( R232) X 9.55 27.2 8.1 1 High Sulfur Gasoline Y2 8.81 26.1 2.3 1 85 Percent Methanol Blend Z 8.79 5.0 1.0 1 10 Percent Methanol Blend ZZ 11.96 28.0 6.8 2 Industry Average Reference Gasoline RF A 3 Industry Average Reference Gasoline RF A 8.95 31.8 9.6 3 California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasolin CP2 7.00 20.8 4.7 3 Low Sulfur 2D Diesel Certification Fuel 2D 29.9 3.9 3 HD 5 Compliant LPG LPG 3 CARB Compliant CNG CNG 4 Gasoline G 4 Diesel D 4 Jet Fuel J 5 Low Emissions Pilot Program Gasoline EC Pilot 7.6 32.9 11.0 5 Unreformulated Premium Gasoline URP 8.9 41.5 6.8 5 Low Emissions Production Gasoline EC Prod 8.1 23.6 12.5 6 Gasoline G 6 Diesel D 6 Diesel CRC 1 16.6 1.0 6 Diesel CRC 2 43.9 2.0 6 Diesel CRC 3 46.9 3.0 6 Diesel CRC 4 19.0 1.0 6 Diesel CRC 5 33.5 2.0 6 Diesel CRC 8 11.1 0.4 7 Unleaded Certification Gasoline G 9.2 28.6 4.5 8 Motor Pool Unleaded Gasoline ( Exxon) G 8 Motor Pool Diesel ( Arco) D 9 Pre 1993 Diesel Pre 1993 9 Low Aromatic Diesel Low Arom 9 Reformulated Diesel Reform 10 Distillate ( Diesel) Fuel D 10 Residual Fuel R 11 Jet Fuel J 11 Aviation Gasoline G 12 Diesel D 12 Base Gasoline BG 12 MTBE/ TAME Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 12 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 12 MTBE/ TAME Reformulated Gasoline RFG 13 Diesel D 13 Base Gasoline BG 13 MTBE/ TAME Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 13 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 13 MTBE/ TAME Reformulated Gasoline RFG_ M 13 Ethanol Reformulated Gasoline RFG_ E 14 Gasoline G 14 Diesel D 15 Leaded Gasoline G_ L 15 Unleaded Gasoline G_ UL 15 Diesel D 16 Gasoline G 16 Diesel D 16 Jet Fuel J 16 Residual Fuel R 17 Gasoline G 17 Diesel D 17 Jet Fuel J 18 Base Gasoline BG 18 MTBE/ TAME Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 18 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 18 MTBE/ TAME Reformulated Gasoline RFG 19 Summer Baseline Gasoline BG_ S 8.7 32 9.2 19 Winter Baseline Gasoline BG_ W 11.5 26.4 11.9 20 Base Gasoline BG 20 MTBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 20 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 21 Base Gasoline BG 21 MTBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 21 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 22 Base Gasoline BG 22 MTBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 22 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 23 Gasoline G 23 Diesel D 23 85 Percent Methanol Blend M85 23 85 Percent Ethanol Blend E85 23 CNG CNG 23 LPG LPG 24 Gasoline G 24 Diesel D 24 CNG CNG 24 Jet Fuel J 24 LPG LPG 25 Gasoline G 46 25 Diesel D 46 25 Jet Fuel J 26 Gasoline G 26 Diesel D 27 Unleaded Gasoline G_ UL 27 Leaded Gasoline G_ L 27 Diesel D 28 Jet Fuel J 28 Gasoline G 29 Industry Average Gasoline RF A 8.65 31.8 11.5 29 California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasolin CP2 6.65 5.1 27.0 30 Industry Average Gasoline RF A 8.85 33.4 8.30 30 MTBE Reformulated Gasoline RF N 8.75 20.2 3.70 30 Ethanol Reformulated Gasoline RF T 9.40 17.4 4.10 30 Aliphatic Gasoline AG 7.72 0.2 0.10 31 Industry Average Gasoline RF A 8.34 33.4 8.3 31 Aliphatic Gasoline AG 7.56 0.2 0.1 31 Commercial LPG LPG 0 0 31 Pure Propane P 0 0 32 Gasoline G 32 Diesel D 33 Gasoline G 33 Diesel D 34 Regular winter gasoline ( 76) WG 12.2 31.2 10.54 34 Premium summer gasoline ( Amoco) SG 8.8 44.2 9.33 35 Jet Fuel JP4 36 Jet Fuel JP5 37 Base Gasoline BG 37 Reformulated Gasoline RFG 6.85 23.5 6.2 37 MTBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 15.5 19.7 9.6 37 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 38 Commercial summer grade gasoline SG 11.5 30.3 4.6 38 Commercial winter grade gasoline WG 12.6 43.9 12.7 39 Base Non Oxygenated Gasoline BG 9.0 38.0 9.5 39 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 9.0 25.8 11.0 40 Commercial summer grade gasoline SG 11.5 30.3 4.6 40 Commercial winter grade gasoline WG 12.6 43.9 12.7 41 Base Non Oxygenated Gasoline BG 9.0 38.0 9.5 41 MTBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 8.9 23.8 11.3 42 Chevron Unleaded Gasoline G 8.4 37.0 7.9 43 Aromatic Enriched Gasoline AEG 9.50 35.1 6.8 43 Ethanol Oxygenated Gasoline OxE 10.15 22.8 7.3 43 MTBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxM 9.45 20.4 6.4 43 ETBE Oxygenated Gasoline OxETBE 9.15 18.4 5.4 44 Gasoline G 45 Industry Average Gasoline A 8.72 32.0 9.2 45 Certification Gasoline ( Indolene) B 8.72 29.9 4.6 45 Low Sulfur Gasoline B2 8.86 26.7 2.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMot) C 8.74 43.8 3.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( amOT) D 8.50 20.7 22.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMOT) E 8.65 43.8 17.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( amot) F 8.76 20.0 3.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AmOt) G 8.78 44.3 17.4 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMOt) H 8.49 20.2 20.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AmoT) I 8.94 42.9 4.1 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMoT) J 8.59 21.4 4.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( Amot) K 8.83 45.7 4.9 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AmOT) L 8.48 47.8 17.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMOT) M 8.71 17.9 21.8 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( 8rvp) MM 7.99 22.2 5.4 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMot) N 8.75 21.4 5.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMot) N2 8.79 21.4 4.9 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( aMot) NN 8.76 22.5 4.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMOt) O 8.63 46.7 19.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( amOt) P 8.51 20.3 18.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( amoT) Q 8.59 21.5 4.8 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( AMoT) R 8.36 45.9 4.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( R111) S 7.99 21.2 3.8 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( R122) T 9.32 18.1 3.6 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( R132) U 9.59 19.1 3.1 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( R211) V 7.79 33.5 8.9 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( R222) W 9.04 29.0 8.1 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( R232) X 9.55 27.2 8.1 45 High Sulfur Gasoline Y2 8.81 26.1 2.3 45 85 Percent Methanol Blend Z 8.79 5.0 1.0 45 10 Percent Methanol Blend ZZ 11.96 28.0 6.8 45 Reformulated Gasoline C1 6.91 22.7 4.6 45 Reformulated Gasoline C3 6.83 24.9 5.6 45 Reformulated Gasoline C35 6.81 24.7 5.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline C4 6.88 23.8 5.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline C46 6.80 23.8 5.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline C5 6.82 24.6 5.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline C6 6.70 25.0 5.4 45 Reformulated Gasoline C7 6.70 25.0 5.4 45 Reformulated Gasoline C8 6.88 23.8 5.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline CR1 6.65 22.3 5.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline CR2 6.55 21.7 5.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline C2 6.81 25.4 4.1 45 Reformulated Gasoline C2B 6.81 25.4 4.1 45 85 Percent Methanol Blend Z1 7.74 4.9 0.5 45 85 Percent Methanol Blend ZC2 7.14 4.5 0.8 45 10 Percent Methanol Blend ZCC 9.60 24.3 4.4 45 CNG CG1A 45 CNG CG1B 45 CNG CG1C 45 CNG CG1D 45 CNG CG2A 45 CNG CG2B 45 CNG CG2C 45 CNG CG2D 45 CNG CG3A 45 CNG CG3B 45 CNG CG3C 45 CNG CG3D 45 CNG CG4A 45 CNG CG4B 45 CNG CG4C 45 CNG CG4D 45 85 Percent Ethanol Blend E85A 6.47 3.3 0.7 45 85 Percent Ethanol Blend E85B 6.75 4.1 0.8 45 85 Percent Ethanol Blend E85C 6.75 4.1 0.8 45 85 Percent Ethanol Blend E85D 6.87 4.1 0.8 45 Low Sulfur Gasoline S0 9.28 24.5 5.0 45 Low Sulfur Gasoline S1 9.28 24.5 5.0 45 Low Sulfur Gasoline S2 9.28 24.5 5.0 45 Industry Average Gasoline A 8.72 32.0 9.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( ooT) 10A 8.66 27.6 15.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( foo) 11A 8.69 27.4 16.9 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( FoT) 12A 8.94 29.9 14.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( oro) 13A 9.03 28.3 14.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( frT) 14A 8.56 32.5 13.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( Fro) 15A 8.52 31.6 15.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( oRT) 16A 8.63 34.5 13.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( fRo) 17A 8.70 33.1 13.9 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( FRT) 18A 8.47 36.9 12.6 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( ooo) R1A 8.66 25.3 15.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( foT) R2A 8.63 27.5 13.9 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( Foo) R3A 8.48 28.2 14.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( orT) R4A 8.38 29.7 13.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( fro) R5A 8.56 30.5 13.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( FrT) R6A 8.70 35.1 12.8 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( oRo) R7A 8.77 32.7 12.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( fRT) R8A 8.53 36.3 11.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( FRo) R9A 8.93 34.2 12.1 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( ooL) R1B 8.66 25.3 15.0 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( RoL) R2B 8.50 35.1 11.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( oAL) R3B 8.52 22.1 13.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( RAL) R4B 8.64 32.2 10.7 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( ooo) R5B 8.57 27.6 15.3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( Roo) R6B 8.95 36.9 11.1 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( oAo) R7B 8.72 24.2 13.5 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( RAo) R8B 8.87 32.7 9.5 45 100 Percent Methanol Blend MC 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S550) Y3 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S050) Y4 8.91 24.7 1.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S150) Y5 8.91 24.7 1.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S250) Y6 8.91 24.7 1.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S350) Y7 8.91 24.7 1.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S450) Y8 8.91 24.7 1.2 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S350 TAME) YA 8.83 23.8 1.4 45 Reformulated Gasoline ( S350 MTBE) YM 9.10 24.7 1.5 46 Commercial Unleaded Gasoline CG 46 California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasolin CP2 46 Indolene IND 47 95.6mol% methane CNG fuel  Wall Gas CNG 48 LPG LPG 48 CNG ( blended by SwRI to reflect average CNG 48 Phase 2 RFG ( Phillips Petroleum) RFG 6.9 4.6 50 AQIRP Industry Average  98 ave. blend A 8.7 32 9.2 50 California Phase 2 Reformulated Gasolin C2 6.8 25.4 4.1 50 E85 ( 85 vol% ethanol & 15 vol% gasolin E85 6.5 3.3 0.7 53 In tank fuel G 61 in use CA reformulated diesel D 61 CA reformulated Phase II unleaded gasol G 62 in use CA reformulated diesel D 87 In tank fuel 92 Conventional Diesel Cert Fuel CD 27.5 92 Ultra Low Sulfur Commercial Diesel Fue LED 31.8 92 Emissions Grade CNG CNG 95 Fischer Tropsch diesel F T 0.6 0.6 95 market average CARB diesel CARB 20 1.7 95 ECD ECD 8.9 1.7 95 ECD 1 ECD 1 18.1 1.6 95 CNG CNG 98 CARB Diesel Fuel CA 98 Low Sulfur, Low Aromatic, Hydrocracked ALS 98 Fischer Tropsch Diesel FT 100 98 Oxygenate Blend: 15% v/ v Dimethoxyme ADMM 15 98 EPA 2D Certification Fuel DF 2 99 CARB Diesel Fuel CA 99 Low Sulfur, Low Aromatic, Hydrocracked ALS 99 Fischer Tropsch Diesel FT 100 99 Oxygenate Blend: 15% v/ v Dimethoxyme ADMM 15 99 EPA 2D Certification Fuel DF 2 100 CARB Diesel Fuel CA 100 Low Sulfur, Low Aromatic, Hydrocracked ALS 100 Fischer Tropsch Diesel FT 100 100 Oxygenate Blend: 15% v/ v Dimethoxyme ADMM 15 100 EPA 2D Certification Fuel DF 2 101 Howell Hydrocarbons Ford Spec. M4C 50 EEE 102 biodiesel fuel ( 100%) B100 102 diesel fuel( 100%) 2D 102 blended fuel ( 20% biodiesel and 80% dies B20 115 California Phase II RFG RFG 131 Indolene Fuel  Gasoline 138 91 RON mileage accumulation ( M4C 332 G 138 CARB reformulated ( CF 3) RFG 147 Fuel A ( Industry Average Gasoline) A 32 9.2 147 Fuel H ( low aromatic, low T90, high olefi H 20.2 20.2 155 Conventional Diesel Fuel 155 20% methyl soyate with blend of base diesel 166 Diesel Fuel 27.6 0.8 166 Diesel Fuel 24.2 0.9 166 Diesel Fuel 19.3 0.9 170 Unleaded certification gasoline G 9.2 28.6 4.5 173 Hydrogenated Soy Ethyl Ester Biodiesel HySEE 173 blended HySEE: diesel fuel ( 50: 50) 173 100% diesel fuel D 175 Fuel Oil and Gas Oil ( for marine vessels)

177 post 1996 California Phase 2 gasoline G 6.88 24.46 4.7 180 Diesel 2 D 180 Neat REE REE 180 Neat RME RME 180 50% REE 50% 2 D REE50 180 50% RME 50% 2 D RME50 180 20% REE 80% 2 D REE20 180 20% RME 80% 2 D RME20 183 Pre 1993 diesel 183 Low Aromatic diesel 183 Reformulated blend diesel 184 California Phase II Gasoline ( Phillips 66) G 7.02 23.6 3.9 184 LPG Fuel 187 CARB Fuel EM 2663 F 22.4 2 187 On Highway Fuel EM 2677 F 32.2 3 187 High Sulfur Nonroad EM 2664 F 34.4 2.6 187 0.3% Sulfur Nonroad EM 2708 F 39.8 2.5 188 CERTIFICATION PHASE 2 GASOLINEGC01 6.92 23.2 6.1 188 CERTIFICATION PHASE 2 GASOLINEGC01 6.8 23.7 6.2 188 ETHANOL 85% + 15% CERTIFICATIOEC02 4.18 188 CERTIFICATION PHASE 2 GASOLINEGC01 6.87 24.3 4.8 188 CERTIFICATION PHASE 2 GASOLINEGC01 6.86 23.45 6.15 188 COMMERCIAL PHASE 2 GASOLINE GN01 0 21.8 188 COMMERCIAL PHASE 2 GASOLINE GN01 6.95 22.2 5.5 188 COMMERCIAL PHASE 2 GASOLINE GN01 6.61 21.5 3.5 188 CHEVRON NON OXYGENATED PHAGN14 6.69 25 3.2 188 TOSCO 2% OXYGENATED ETHANOLGN15 6.85 29 0.3 188 COMMERCIAL PHASE 2 WINTER GRGN16 9.85 23.1 6.6 188 COMMERCIAL PHASE 2 WINTER GRGN16 11.06 22.8 3.5 188 Commercial gasoline GN18 6.93 23 5 188 METHANOL 85% + 15% UNKNOWN GMN04 0 4.2 188 COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS  CERNC01 0 188 Commercial Compressed Natural Gas NN02 0 189 CA Phase II Certification Gasoline 6.95 29.3 4.7 190 Turbine Fuel, kerosene based JP 8 ( MIL T 83133) 25 5 191 Certification grade Type 2D diesel fuel 32.15 1.8 191 high sulfur Nonroad 2D diesel fuel 30.35 2.2 191 California 2D fuel 22.15 1.9 191 clean emissions control diesel ( ARCO " ECD" fuel) 8.25 3 192 57 ppm S ( RF 08) 192 100 ppm S ( RF 08 doped) 192 150 ppm S ( RF 02 doped)

193 In tank fuel E IDENTIFIERS FOR EACH FUEL. CUMENT WAS RETAINED WITHOUT CHANGE.

Poly Nuclear Saturates Isoparaffins Naphthenes Unknown Benzene Toluene Xylene Aromatics Aromatics ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( wt%) ( wt%)

58.8 1.53 65.4 0.52 70.9 0.49 37.5 1.33 57.0 1.49 24.3 1.38 76.8 1.52 38.3 1.42 45.0 1.52 53.0 1.30 59.8 1.28 49.4 1.45 34.5 1.42 45.8 1.51 57.7 1.41 59.0 1.44 59.2 1.33 56.5 1.50 19.4 1.38 61.4 1.53 73.7 1.47 34.9 1.41 75.0 1.53 68.6 1.35 68.2 1.38 57.6 1.61 53.4 1.43 55.1 1.54 71.6 0.48 8.4 0.42 55.5 1.16 58.6 1.5 63.3 0.9 66.2 7.2 33.9 6.0 1.2 6.5 8.5 9.8 40.7 1.2 1.9 10.1 6.2 6.6 39.2 5.6 1.0 4.6 4.2 83.4 56.1 53.1 81.0 66.4 88.9 66.9 31.0 5.9 4.3 0.7 22.3 4.1 1.53 1.64 56.7 55.1 58.3 1.07 61.4 1.01 68.8 1.35 99.6 < 0.01 58.3 1.07 99.6 < 0.001 100 0 100 0 58.23 46.47 59.2 0.08 0.96 59.8 0.9 61.9 0.9 41.7 0.9 51.4 1.1 1.4 51.4 3.0 0.9 61.9 0.9 41.7 0.9 51.4 1.1 1.4 55.6 0.0 1.6 55.1 2.44 9.74 9.41 58.1 1.6 7.3 7.3 60.0 1.35 56.8 1.24 57.2 1.16 58.8 1.53 65.4 0.52 70.9 0.49 37.5 1.33 57.0 1.49 24.3 1.38 76.8 1.52 38.3 1.42 45.0 1.52 53.0 1.30 59.8 1.28 49.4 1.45 34.5 1.42 45.8 1.51 57.7 1.41 59.0 1.44 59.2 1.33 56.5 1.50 19.4 1.38 61.4 1.53 73.7 1.47 34.9 1.41 75.0 1.53 68.6 1.35 68.2 1.38 57.6 1.61 53.4 1.43 55.1 1.54 71.6 0.48 8.4 0.42 55.5 1.16 72.7 0.94 58.0 0.32 58.5 0.35 59.2 0.29 59.0 0.35 58.2 0.31 57.8 0.38 57.8 0.38 59.2 0.29 61.7 0.21 62.6 0.47 59.2 0.93 59.2 0.93 10.0 0.47 8.9 0.10 51.8 1.13 96.0 0.12 95.1 0.16 95.1 0.16 95.1 0.15 59.7 1.20 59.7 1.20 59.7 1.20 58.8 1.53 46.1 0.66 44.9 0.64 45.0 0.60 46.2 0.68 43.1 0.59 42.4 0.56 41.5 0.63 42.4 0.56 39.8 0.55 48.5 0.79 48.1 0.65 46.6 0.62 46.9 0.67 45.4 0.58 41.2 0.51 44.7 0.61 41.1 0.50 43.0 0.45 48.5 0.79 43.2 0.64 54.1 0.77 46.8 0.61 46.7 0.85 41.6 0.68 51.9 0.69 47.4 0.60 63.3 0.39 63.3 0.39 63.3 0.39 63.3 0.39 63.3 0.39 62.0 0.45 62.3 0.41 0.84 1.5 0.9 0.1 33.1 13.3 30.9 7.6 98.8 0.16 0.05 78.3 16.1 3.78 89.4 7.7 1.68 80.3 17.5 4.07 18.9 9 0.2 8.2 30.3 18.9 9 0.2 8.2 30.3 18.9 9 0.2 8.2 30.3 39.1 71.6 28.2 7.1 74.9 25.3 4.3 79.8 21 2.9 66.9 0.81 31 5.9 4.3 0.7 22.3 4.1 72.5 75.6 64.8 63 57.7 0.86 0.81 0.85 0.84 0.62 0.66 0.16 0.43 0.62 0.58 0.39 0.11 66 0.87 66.05 35.3 11.1 67.45 31.9 9.55 75.95 25.2 3.25 88.8 12.6 2.2 Non Motor Research Octane Aromatics Benzene Octane Octane Number Cetane IBP T5 T10 ( wt%) ( ppmC%) Number Number (( R+ M)/ 2) Number ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F)

82.6 92.0 87.3 91 114 128 87.5 96.7 92.1 87 112 127 88.3 96.7 92.5 88 109 125 88.0 100.0 94.0 89 118 136 83.2 93.7 88.5 87 111 128 85.6 98.9 92.3 90 113 128 84.2 90.5 87.4 89 110 125 84.6 96.9 90.8 92 116 130 83.9 95.4 89.7 93 116 125 86.9 97.1 92.0 87 110 127 85.1 92.7 88.9 89 112 125 83.1 93.5 88.3 90 114 127 84.5 97.1 90.8 89 110 127 85.0 96.8 90.9 91 111 125 83.9 91.7 87.8 95 122 130 83.6 91.5 87.6 93 114 124 84.0 91.6 87.8 92 116 125 86.0 94.0 90.0 92 116 129 86.0 100.4 93.2 92 116 130 82.7 92.7 87.7 90 113 126 83.8 90.2 87.0 92 117 134 87.5 99.4 93.5 89 114 129 84.3 90.6 87.5 90 115 130 86.8 95.3 91.1 93 116 124 86.8 95.0 90.9 90 113 122 82.6 91.9 87.3 95 120 134 84.5 95.4 90.0 94 117 127 84.1 95.1 89.6 92 114 124 87.5 96.3 91.9 87 110 126 103.1 107.1 105.1 110 134 141 84.4 95.7 90.1 89 105 113 84.3 93.4 88.9 100 132 88.0 98.0 93.0 97 142 46.7 369 431 92.5 135 92.8 131 92.0 132 51 35 43 66 44 54 97.2 95 122 87 69.0 43.5 389 427 448 95.7 54.2 345 408 443 77.7 54.4 386 424 440 2.11 83.8 92.2 88.1 95 124 1.19 87.3 96.6 92.0 104 136 83.7 92.0 87.85 91 113 126 86.7 94.6 90.65 97 124 133 86.8 95.3 91.05 93 120 124 92.6 96.0 94.3 90 118 142 83.7 92.0 87.9 73 113 129 92.6 96.0 94.3 91 129 149 97 112 105  126  44  44 97 112 105  44  44  44 87.1 92.9 92.38 104 144 31.1 53.9 30.0 48.9 87.8 94 131 88.2 99 123 31.1 53.9 30.0 48.9 87.8 94 131 88.8 98 127 83.2 93.0 88.1 95.0 132.0 84.4 94.6 89.5 82.0 100.0 121.0 84.2 95.0 89.6 92.0 110.0 122.0 84.5 94.6 89.6 88.0 105.0 120.0 85.0 94.2 89.6 94.0 112.0 128.0 82.6 92.0 87.3 91 114 128 87.5 96.7 92.1 87 112 127 88.3 96.7 92.5 88 109 125 88.0 100.0 94.0 89 118 136 83.2 93.7 88.5 87 111 128 85.6 98.9 92.3 90 113 128 84.2 90.5 87.4 89 110 125 84.6 96.9 90.8 92 116 130 83.9 95.4 89.7 93 116 125 86.9 97.1 92.0 87 110 127 85.1 92.7 88.9 89 112 125 83.1 93.5 88.3 90 114 127 84.5 97.1 90.8 89 110 127 85.0 96.8 90.9 91 111 125 83.9 91.7 87.8 95 122 130 83.6 91.5 87.6 93 114 124 84.0 91.6 87.8 92 116 125 86.0 94.0 90.0 92 116 129 86.0 100.4 93.2 92 116 130 82.7 92.7 87.7 90 113 126 83.8 90.2 87.0 92 117 134 87.5 99.4 93.5 89 114 129 84.3 90.6 87.5 90 115 130 86.8 95.3 91.1 93 116 124 86.8 95.0 90.9 90 113 122 82.6 91.9 87.3 95 120 134 84.5 95.4 90.0 94 117 127 84.1 95.1 89.6 92 114 124 87.5 96.3 91.9 87 110 126 103.1 107.1 105.1 110 134 141 84.4 95.7 90.1 89 105 113 86.4 93.6 90.0 94 129 142 86.7 95.0 90.9 97 126 136 87.0 95.6 91.3 99 128 136 88.9 98.7 93.8 94 130 145 88.2 97.8 93.0 94 131 145 87.3 96.2 91.8 101 127 134 87.7 96.8 92.3 93 129 144 87.7 96.8 92.3 93 129 144 88.9 98.7 93.8 94 130 145 88.8 97.6 93.2 96 131 149 88.5 96.8 92.7 94 130 147 88.0 96.9 92.5 94 129 142 88.0 96.9 92.5 94 129 142 88.7 100.6 94.7 116 136 141 98.8 110.0 104.4 121 136 140 89.3 100.2 94.8 98 115 120 90.3 105.6 97.9 121 151 161 90.7 107.3 99.0 119 147 161 90.1 106.4 98.2 117 151 162 90.2 105.9 98.0 121 149 161 83.8 91.7 87.8 89 113 122 83.8 91.7 87.8 89 113 122 83.8 91.7 87.8 89 113 122 82.6 92.0 87.3 91 114 128 86.3 98.1 92.2 93 115 127 85.6 97.2 91.4 93 116 129 85.6 97.2 91.4 90 114 125 86.3 98.3 92.3 90 113 124 86.1 97.8 92.0 90 114 127 85.8 97.4 91.6 89 113 127 87.3 99.0 93.2 91 116 128 86.3 97.9 92.1 89 114 128 86.3 98.0 92.2 88 112 126 85.9 97.5 91.7 92 117 129 85.6 97.1 91.4 89 115 127 85.7 96.8 91.3 90 115 127 86.7 98.3 92.5 92 115 127 86.1 97.5 91.8 91 114 126 86.4 97.8 92.1 88 113 127 87.2 98.8 93.0 89 113 125 86.7 98.3 92.5 88 108 122 86.3 97.9 92.1 87 103 115 85.9 97.5 91.7 92 117 129 87.2 98.8 93.0 92 116 128 86.3 96.5 91.4 91 114 127 87.2 98.1 92.7 91 113 127 86.1 97.3 91.7 93 116 124 87.1 98.4 92.8 90 110 120 85.7 96.1 90.9 91 112 121 87.0 97.8 92.4 90 111 122 89.5 98.7 94.1 88 111 122 89.5 98.7 94.1 88 111 122 89.5 98.7 94.1 88 111 122 89.5 98.7 94.1 88 111 122 89.5 98.7 94.1 88 111 122 89.7 98.4 94.1 87 110 124 89.5 98.8 94.2 84 108 121 114 142 161 47.5 368 426 47.7 334 405 > 74 441.86 492.26 51.4 363.38 407.66 65.3 406.58 439.88 51.9 352.58 391.46 8.7 45 63 84 59 44 45 63 84 59 44 45 63 84 59 44 47.5 331 333 43.3 192 226 46 196 234 0.3 91 0.76 48 343.6 394.1 419.1 50.6 362 393.9 411.5 53.6 363.6 392.6 407.5 97.2 95 122 92.4 102.4 139.7 43.3 343 433 60.7 643 681 58.7 462 569 50.8 370 477 51 373 475 48.2 341 443 48.2 347 442 69 43.5 389 427 448 95.7 54.2 345 408 443 77.7 54.4 386 424 440 88 97.3 107 143 51 368 413 48.9 332 391 47 360 422 44.5 375 426 143 142 165 0 142.5 133 139 141 139 132 123 118 132 137 0 0 87.3 96.1 103.5 132.8 141.4 48 333 389 409 46.1 353 387 411 53 368 397 407 68.3 409 428 440 T20 T30 T40 T50 T60 T70 T80 T90 T95 ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F)

151 174 196 218 243 267 295 330 152 180 205 220 230 242 262 309 149 177 204 220 232 245 268 318 165 185 200 213 226 236 250 288 153 176 197 218 238 265 307 357 151 172 192 220 253 281 318 357 144 162 180 197 212 227 245 279 153 175 196 214 228 240 254 286 135 143 154 168 186 214 247 286 156 182 208 239 266 291 324 353 143 159 178 208 259 294 322 356 146 166 188 208 226 238 253 294 152 178 205 236 263 294 328 357 139 152 170 193 233 283 323 356 139 148 157 167 182 208 246 289 134 142 152 164 181 211 253 292 135 144 154 164 180 207 245 285 143 154 165 177 190 210 244 289 151 168 185 204 223 237 250 283 140 155 171 190 208 227 248 284 161 186 209 234 260 289 321 357 151 170 192 225 263 293 326 354 148 165 182 199 214 229 246 280 135 143 150 174 208 225 244 276 134 143 150 171 208 226 244 278 156 176 197 220 243 267 293 330 138 148 156 201 234 260 288 324 137 147 157 204 237 263 291 328 150 177 204 220 231 244 266 316 145 146 147 147 147 147 148 148 122 129 139 202 232 259 287 324 219 327 209 298 507 597 209 329 233 329 202 320 218 320 476 494 512 529 547 567 592 627 665 485 509 530 546 561 575 592 616 638 466 489 511 530 550 568 588 614 641 218 330 200 333 216 329 201 302 149 217 297 331 361 145 181 248 289 324 135 174 244 277 174 219 232 244 268 153 217 298 336 370 180 219 230 243 264  44  44  44  44  44  44  44  44  44  44 207 294 106.1 161.1 105.0 161.1 212 346 170 308 106.1 161.1 105.0 161.1 212 346 182 294 231.0 332.0 161.0 194.0 216.0 229.0 240.0 254.0 273.0 306.0 340.0 139.0 150.0 161.0 209.0 229.0 247.0 267.0 311.0 347.0 143.0 162.0 181.0 199.0 218.0 239.0 264.0 305.0 343.0 154.0 174.0 188.0 201.0 215.0 234.0 258.0 301.0 333.0 151 174 196 218 243 267 295 330 152 180 205 220 230 242 262 309 149 177 204 220 232 245 268 318 165 185 200 213 226 236 250 288 153 176 197 218 238 265 307 357 151 172 192 220 253 281 318 357 144 162 180 197 212 227 245 279 153 175 196 214 228 240 254 286 135 143 154 168 186 214 247 286 156 182 208 239 266 291 324 353 143 159 178 208 259 294 322 356 146 166 188 208 226 238 253 294 152 178 205 236 263 294 328 357 139 152 170 193 233 283 323 356 139 148 157 167 182 208 246 289 134 142 152 164 181 211 253 292 135 144 154 164 180 207 245 285 143 154 165 177 190 210 244 289 151 168 185 204 223 237 250 283 140 155 171 190 208 227 248 284 161 186 209 234 260 289 321 357 151 170 192 225 263 293 326 354 148 165 182 199 214 229 246 280 135 143 150 174 208 225 244 276 134 143 150 171 208 226 244 278 156 176 197 220 243 267 293 330 138 148 156 201 234 260 288 324 137 147 157 204 237 263 291 328 150 177 204 220 231 244 266 316 145 146 147 147 147 147 148 148 122 129 139 202 232 259 287 324 158 174 191 208 224 241 261 297 328 145 155 168 184 205 228 246 278 308 145 155 167 185 210 241 268 307 332 166 183 199 214 227 239 255 276 296 165 182 199 217 235 251 272 302 330 143 152 164 181 211 256 289 324 347 162 179 198 219 244 265 292 324 349 162 179 198 219 244 265 292 324 349 166 183 199 214 227 239 255 276 296 178 203 225 243 259 273 288 308 327 174 197 221 242 262 282 302 326 347 157 171 186 202 219 236 255 293 324 157 171 186 202 219 236 255 293 324 145 146 146 146 147 147 147 147 148 144 145 146 146 147 147 147 147 148 126 130 144 189 211 230 251 288 319 168 170 170 171 171 172 172 172 173 168 170 171 171 172 172 172 173 173 168 170 171 172 172 172 173 173 174 167 170 171 172 172 172 172 173 174 133 142 153 167 186 214 257 303 329 133 142 153 167 186 214 257 303 329 133 142 153 167 186 214 257 303 329 151 174 196 218 243 267 295 330 142 158 175 195 218 237 254 277 296 144 162 181 203 229 250 269 291 306 144 164 186 212 240 264 289 321 351 141 157 176 197 220 241 259 281 297 147 167 190 217 244 266 288 313 333 147 168 191 219 246 268 292 317 336 147 165 186 210 235 256 280 315 344 148 169 193 220 248 270 293 316 331 149 173 199 232 262 288 313 340 360 143 157 174 194 216 234 250 267 279 146 165 187 211 236 257 277 303 326 145 164 185 210 237 259 281 310 330 143 160 180 203 226 247 266 292 317 146 165 189 215 242 263 285 305 317 150 174 200 231 260 285 308 334 354 143 162 183 207 233 254 276 306 328 147 173 201 234 262 286 309 331 348 139 165 195 230 263 289 313 334 346 143 157 174 194 216 234 250 267 279 146 166 188 214 241 263 287 314 331 144 161 179 203 227 248 268 299 342 148 172 198 231 260 285 309 334 354 134 144 157 176 203 231 251 267 278 134 148 168 197 235 265 288 314 332 134 146 163 187 220 249 270 300 339 138 157 182 219 260 287 309 334 352 138 154 176 200 221 236 255 299 138 154 176 200 221 236 255 299 138 154 176 200 221 236 255 299 138 154 176 200 221 236 255 299 138 154 176 200 221 236 255 299 144 166 191 208 218 229 248 294 137 153 174 199 219 234 253 297 210 294 218 330 202 293 171 172 507 589 612 499 609 659 554.36 615.56 517.1 623.12 524.48 614.12 480.38 609.98 336 341 266 321 285 337 330 286 451.5 479.6 505.7 528.5 551.4 574.6 599.2 630.2 656.3 438.8 459.2 484.2 508.3 533.1 558.9 586.2 621.8 652.2 431.1 455.2 477.9 502.9 528.6 555.1 584 620.6 652.6 218 320 202.9 293.9 501 591 705 747 696 725 615 694 613 698 525 676 525 662 476 494 512 529 547 567 592 627 665 485 509 530 546 561 575 592 616 638 466 489 511 530 550 568 588 614 641 205 297 490 606 485 598 536 638 513 620 206 297 206 297 171 172 202 294 206 297 194 297 201 316 200 307 203 304 204 317 197.3 307.5 187 307 212 300 146 148 0 0 0 0 154.6 168.1 183.7 201.6 221.5 240.6 263.3 298.4 328.6 444 468 488 505 523 541 563 594 618 444 470 492 511 531 552 578 613 641 429 449 468 489 512 538 566 603 631 461 483 504 524 543 562 584 614 637 EP Recovery Residue Loss MTBE Ethanol Methanol ETBE TBA ( deg F) (%) (%) (%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%) ( vol%)

415 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 408 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 399 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 429 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 386 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 367 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 437 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 447 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 404 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 436 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 436 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 389 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 374 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 388 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 388 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 397 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 361 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 442 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 428 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 372 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 368 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 367 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 403 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 409 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 347 0.0 0.0 85.6 0.0 405 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 415 0.0 388 11.2 640 0.0 413 9.0 420 0.0 418 12.5 391 708 98.0 0.9 1.1 663 98.2 1.0 0.8 661 98.3 1.0 0.7 11.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 421 0.1 379 12.6 417 98.1 0.8 1.1 336 98.4 1.2 0.4 14.71 369 9.7 338 97.0 2.0 1.0 414 98.0 1.0 1.0 354 98.5 1.0 0.5 14  44 419 383 389 11.1 12.1 212.2 191.1 409 0.0 363 8.8 212.2 191.1 409 < 0.1 351 9.5 399.0 98.3 0.9 0.8 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 406.0 405.0 9.9 398.0 16.4 398.0 19.1 0.6 18.6 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 408 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 399 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 429 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 386 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 367 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 437 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 447 14.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 404 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 436 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 436 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 389 14.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 374 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 388 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 388 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.3 397 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 361 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 442 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 428 15.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 372 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 368 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 367 0.0 9.7 0.0 0.0 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 403 0.0 9.6 0.0 0.0 409 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 347 0.0 0.0 85.6 0.0 405 0.0 0.0 9.7 0.0 391 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 363 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 387 11.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 353 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 389 11.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 399 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 402 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 402 11.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 353 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 373 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 397 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 389 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 389 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 0.0 0.0 84.5 0.0 150 1.4 0.0 84.4 0.0 383 9.8 0.0 9.7 0.0 175 0.0 85.5 0.0 0.0 175 0.0 82.1 0.0 0.0 176 0.0 81.8 0.0 0.0 174 0.0 82.9 0.0 0.0 388 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 388 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 388 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 339 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 409 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 332 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 397 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 399 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 359 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 408 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 392 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 368 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 391 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 339 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 10.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 364 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 369 10.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 358 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 412 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 404 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 313 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 359 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 411 10.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 401 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 398 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 398 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 398 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 398 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 398 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 398 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 399 11.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 0 0 11.2 0 0 85.5 637 662 635.54 664.52 653.54 663.98 342 352 353 0 14.6 665.1 97.4 1.5 1.1 667.9 97.7 1.6 0.7 665.9 97.7 1.5 0.8 391 367.1 10.85 633 763 761 714 709 687 696 708 98 0.9 1.1 663 98.2 1 0.8 661 98.3 1 0.7 366 11.05 659 652 682 672 380.7 1.4 0.4 10.9 1.5 1.5 639 98 1 1 658 97.5 1 1.5 651 97.8 1 1.3 653 97.5 0.5 2 Specific TAME Gravity API Sulfur Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Sensitivity Lead ( vol%) ( liquid) Gravity ( ppmW) ( wt%) ( wt%) ( wt%) ( g/ gal)

0.0 57.4 339 86.74 13.22 0.00 0.0 58.8 119 86.64 13.35 0.00 0.0 60.3 49 86.44 13.56 0.00 0.0 50.2 284 85.34 11.92 2.72 0.0 59.2 316 86.24 13.73 0.00 0.0 50.2 267 85.09 12.20 2.69 0.0 64.1 290 85.85 14.12 0.00 0.0 53.4 317 87.79 12.17 0.00 0.0 62.2 313 83.53 13.56 2.88 0.0 51.9 261 87.71 12.26 0.00 0.0 58.2 297 83.51 13.70 2.76 0.0 53.4 318 87.88 12.08 0.00 0.0 50.6 266 87.87 12.10 0.00 0.0 59.1 301 83.65 13.65 2.67 0.0 61.9 355 83.58 13.84 2.58 0.0 62.6 294 83.38 13.91 2.68 0.0 62.4 308 83.66 13.77 2.54 0.0 62.1 311 83.48 13.79 2.71 0.0 51.7 288 85.44 11.93 2.60 0.0 64.2 333 86.11 13.86 0.00 0.0 59.6 310 85.85 14.11 0.00 0.0 49.1 279 85.50 11.84 2.63 0.0 64.0 297 85.94 14.04 0.00 0.0 62.2 246 82.34 13.98 3.65 0.0 62.5 278 82.27 13.89 3.81 0.0 56.8 313 86.72 13.25 0.00 0.0 56.3 267 83.23 13.19 3.55 0.0 56.9 251 83.14 13.28 3.55 0.0 60.4 466 86.47 13.48 0.00 0.0 47.9 27 44.25 12.61 43.13 0.0 56.8 242 81.48 13.17 5.33 0.7469 337 86.3 13.7 0.0 0.7404 33 84.4 13.6 2.0 0.8466 330 86.9 13.1 0.0 0.7569 164.0 1.6 0.7587 125.0 0 0.7483 113.0 2.3 120 9.9 < 0.001 32.8 349.7 Not Detected 37.2 < 0.1 Not Detected 37.1 71.3 Not Detected 0.7428 339 0.732 338 0.7469 315 13.3 86.7 0.7394 45 13.8 86.2 0.7488 285.0 86.74 13.22 < 0.001 0.7308 290.0 83.36 13.91 2.68 No Data 0.7309 247.0 82.34 13.98 3.65 No Data 0.6936 < 10.0 84.18 15.82 < 0.001 0.749 28 86.74 13.22 0.694 < 1 84.18 15.82 0.50 81.68 18.32 0.504 81.95 18.05 61.1 340.0 53.6 210.0 0.7412 0.7428 0.7324 0.7428 0.7320 53.6 20.0 < 0.002 0.7503 57.1 0.7370 60.5 0.7343 61.2 0.7324 61.7 0.0 57.4 339 86.74 13.22 0.00 0.0 58.8 119 86.64 13.35 0.00 0.0 60.3 49 86.44 13.56 0.00 0.0 50.2 284 85.34 11.92 2.72 0.0 59.2 316 86.24 13.73 0.00 0.0 50.2 267 85.09 12.20 2.69 0.0 64.1 290 85.85 14.12 0.00 0.0 53.4 317 87.79 12.17 0.00 0.0 62.2 313 83.53 13.56 2.88 0.0 51.9 261 87.71 12.26 0.00 0.0 58.2 297 83.51 13.70 2.76 0.0 53.4 318 87.88 12.08 0.00 0.0 50.6 266 87.87 12.10 0.00 0.0 59.1 301 83.65 13.65 2.67 0.0 61.9 355 83.58 13.84 2.58 0.0 62.6 294 83.38 13.91 2.68 0.0 62.4 308 83.66 13.77 2.54 0.0 62.1 311 83.48 13.79 2.71 0.0 51.7 288 85.44 11.93 2.60 0.0 64.2 333 86.11 13.86 0.00 0.0 59.6 310 85.85 14.11 0.00 0.0 49.1 279 85.50 11.84 2.63 0.0 64.0 297 85.94 14.04 0.00 0.0 62.2 246 82.34 13.98 3.65 0.0 62.5 278 82.27 13.89 3.81 0.0 56.8 313 86.72 13.25 0.00 0.0 56.3 267 83.23 13.19 3.55 0.0 56.9 251 83.14 13.28 3.55 0.0 60.4 466 86.47 13.48 0.00 0.0 47.9 27 44.25 12.61 43.13 0.0 56.8 242 81.48 13.17 5.33 0.0 62.2 38 85.92 14.07 0.00 0.0 60.8 33 84.27 13.60 2.13 0.0 60.5 37 84.28 13.65 2.07 0.0 59.3 31 84.20 13.70 2.10 0.0 58.3 34 84.30 13.61 2.08 0.0 60.3 38 83.96 13.91 2.13 0.0 57.3 35 84.32 13.54 2.13 0.0 57.3 318 84.30 13.54 2.13 0.0 59.3 317 84.18 13.69 2.10 0.0 57.3 34 84.17 13.88 1.95 0.0 57.5 32 84.17 13.89 1.94 0.0 59.9 31 84.42 13.52 2.05 0.0 59.9 31 84.42 13.52 2.05 0.0 48.1 33 44.35 12.99 42.65 0.0 48.6 3 44.88 13.14 41.99 0.0 58.5 29 79.36 13.45 7.19 0.0 49.7 5 56.32 13.19 30.49 0.0 49.6 6 57.39 13.48 29.13 0.0 50.0 6 55.94 13.74 30.32 0.0 49.7 6 57.35 13.35 29.30 0.0 61.7 11 84.33 13.67 2.00 0.0 61.7 28 84.33 13.67 2.00 0.0 61.7 50 84.32 13.67 2.00 0.0 57.4 339 86.74 13.22 0.00 0.0 58.9 90 84.83 13.20 1.96 0.0 58.5 85 84.72 13.28 1.99 0.0 56.5 93 84.96 13.07 1.95 0.0 59.1 107 84.73 13.25 2.01 0.0 55.6 81 85.20 12.89 1.90 0.0 55.9 84 85.08 12.99 1.92 0.0 55.8 88 85.18 12.87 1.94 0.0 55.5 83 85.06 13.02 1.90 0.0 53.4 86 85.45 12.64 1.90 0.0 60.3 92 84.57 13.39 2.02 0.0 57.1 88 85.13 12.98 1.88 0.0 57.1 90 85.07 12.99 1.92 0.0 57.1 93 85.08 13.03 1.88 0.0 56.9 85 85.12 13.00 1.88 0.0 53.8 105 85.17 12.90 1.92 0.0 56.9 88 85.19 12.88 1.91 0.0 53.4 99 85.49 12.60 1.90 0.0 54.5 101 85.27 12.82 1.90 0.0 60.3 92 84.57 13.39 2.02 0.0 55.8 86 85.28 12.86 1.85 0.0 60.3 90 84.54 13.55 1.90 0.0 56.0 89 85.01 13.16 1.82 0.0 61.0 89 84.76 13.33 1.90 0.0 56.3 87 85.28 12.84 1.86 0.0 60.8 88 84.50 13.55 1.94 0.0 56.3 88 84.91 13.26 1.82 46.2 37.48 0.0 546 0.0 60.1 44 84.41 13.54 2.04 0.0 60.1 138 84.41 13.54 2.04 0.0 60.1 258 84.39 13.53 2.04 0.0 60.1 350 84.39 13.53 2.04 0.0 60.1 443 84.38 13.53 2.04 12.7 59.6 343 84.48 13.44 2.04 0.0 60.2 361 84.41 13.48 2.07 0.5808( ideal); 0.5818( real)

33 2 57.4 339 59.9 31 49.7 5 71.6 0.8476 35.4 371 0.848 35.3 14 49.3 < 1.0 84.9 15.1 36 114.5 85.85 13.63 0.52 42.5 4.1 86.01 14.42 < 0.01 39.2 12.7 85.82 13.72 0.46 176 86.4 13.4 0.2 1 85.6 14.4 0 0 84.8 15.1 0.1 < 2 81.6 13.7 4.7 337 86.7 13 0.3 176 86.4 13.4 0.2 1 85.6 14.4 0 0 84.8 15.1 0.1 < 2 81.6 13.7 4.7 337 86.7 13 0.3 176 86.4 13.4 0.2 1 85.6 14.4 0 0 84.8 15.1 0.1 < 2 81.6 13.7 4.7 337 86.7 13 0.3 0.886 28.2 77.3 11.8 11 0.856 33.8 86.9 13.1 0.862 32.7 85.1 12.6 2.1 35.2 295 37.1 129 38.2 92 120 9.9 < 0.001 0.7375 34.4 84 14 0 36 300 86.9 13.1 0 30.2 < 10 78.2 12.6 9.2 29.4 < 10 77.7 12.4 9.9 33.1 130 81.9 12.6 5.5 32.7 120 82.1 12.8 5.1 34.9 220 84.8 13.2 2 34.7 210 84.2 13.1 2.7 32.8 349.7 37.2 <. 1 37.1 71.3 30 9.3 < 0.001 0.8295 39.1 50 86.37 13.63 0.8403 36.9 330 86.88 13.12 0.8561 33.8 4760 86.96 13.04 0.8547 34.1 3190 86.77 13.23 0.7376 34 0 0 0.7377 34 0 0 0.7862 5 0 0 0.7372 34.2 2.01 0 0.7377 34 0 0 0.738 30 0 0 0.7416 11 1.84 0 0.7383 19 1.95 0 0.7321 29 0 0 0.7461 1 2.04 0 0.7364 15 2.07 0 0.7338 11.5 2.3 0 0.7386 7 1.94 0 0.784 9 0 0 0.615 0 0 0 0.615 0 0 0 0.7371 60.47 32.5 83.56 13.78 2 8.8 37 51 3000 13.5 36.1 390 86.65 13.08 34.8 2570 86.15 13 39.1 50 85.83 13.58 42.7 ~ 2 85.44 14.19 57 100 150 Total Bromine Heating Stoich Phosphorus Manganese Density Nitrogen Butane Chloride Number Value Air/ Fuel ( g/ gal) ( g/ gal) ( kg/ m3) ( ppmW) ( g/ gal) ( ppmW) ( Btu/ lb) Ratio 29 21.3 18409 14.52 12 12.2 18449 14.55 10 6.0 18520 14.60 1 9.2 17595 13.79 46 44.3 18604 14.64 31 32.5 17658 13.86 4 10.0 18636 14.73 15 35.7 18164 14.28 10 41.1 18033 14.14 3 11.5 18227 14.30 12 10.0 18011 14.19 1 13.3 18146 14.26 26 38.7 18154 14.27 16 42.6 18078 14.20 7 15.5 17995 14.22 6 16.2 18047 14.25 13.6 18018 14.24 12.2 18006 14.22 9 35.0 17585 13.82 13 38.9 18631 14.67 8 12.2 18613 14.72 11 10.8 17612 13.79 1 10.2 18620 14.71 3 8.4 17852 14.12 1 9.2 17840 14.07 28 21.8 18387 14.53 24 19.6 17683 13.95 28 19.5 17716 13.97 10 6.6 18523 14.58 2 3.0 9909 7.56 25 18.6 17399 13.67 20 est 12 est 23 < 0.0001 352.00 < 1 205.00 < 0.0001 No Data No Data < 0.0001 734.0 731.0 734.0 731.0 0.0006 < 0.001 756.0 72.5 < 1.0 750.0 2.6 740.0 730.0 1.1 730.0 3.4 29 21.3 18409 14.52 12 12.2 18449 14.55 10 6.0 18520 14.60 1 9.2 17595 13.79 46 44.3 18604 14.64 31 32.5 17658 13.86 4 10.0 18636 14.73 15 35.7 18164 14.28 10 41.1 18033 14.14 3 11.5 18227 14.30 12 10.0 18011 14.19 1 13.3 18146 14.26 26 38.7 18154 14.27 16 42.6 18078 14.20 7 15.5 17995 14.22 6 16.2 18047 14.25 13.6 18018 14.24 12.2 18006 14.22 9 35.0 17585 13.82 13 38.9 18631 14.67 8 12.2 18613 14.72 11 10.8 17612 13.79 1 10.2 18620 14.71 3 8.4 17852 14.12 1 9.2 17840 14.07 28 21.8 18387 14.53 24 19.6 17683 13.95 28 19.5 17716 13.97 10 6.6 18523 14.58 2 3.0 9909 7.56 25 18.6 17399 13.67 6 18596 14.72 4 18079 14.27 10 18102 14.29 5 18096 14.30 10 18100 14.28 16 18099 14.34 16 18071 14.26 16 18067 14.26 5 18092 14.30 0 18151 14.37 0 18171 14.37 16 18091 14.27 16 18091 14.27 2 10009 7.72 2 9950 7.86 13 17073 13.44 1 12434 9.69 1 12678 9.97 1 12685 9.84 1 12614 9.91 18117 18117 18116 29 21.3 18409 14.52 11 18041 14.21 14 18051 14.22 38 18012 14.18 11 18030 14.21 17 17977 14.15 38 17991 14.17 16 17942 14.14 16 17973 14.18 34 17917 14.09 9 18078 14.24 19 18059 14.17 36 18044 14.17 12 18017 14.18 16 18019 14.18 40 17935 14.14 6 17979 14.14 16 17915 14.08 35 17953 14.13 9 18078 14.24 8 17956 14.15 8 18172 14.30 6 18023 14.22 13 18067 14.25 12 17921 14.14 11 18131 14.29 10 18006 14.25 8575 5 4.4 18110 14.27 5 4.4 18109 14.27 5 4.4 18107 14.27 5 4.4 18106 14.27 5 4.4 18104 14.27 9 4.0 18118 14.25 9 4.3 18079 14.25 18409 18091 12434 18884 19626 19964 19720 17111.03 19475.62 18916.71 < 0.001 0 19572 17483 17362 18516 18459 19131 19131 352 < 1 205 < 0.001 8.4 19715 114.4 19555 352.1 19457 220.1 19440 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 < 0.0011 18783 775 840 18400 Vapor Viscosity Flash Cloud Pour Aniline Specific Pressure at 40 degC Point Point Point Point Gravity at 21 degC Methane Ethane ( cSt) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( deg F) ( vapor) ( kPa) ( mole%) ( mole%)

0.0 0.2 90.2 4.2 148 102 130 176 142 164 3.5 169 12 10 3.52 144 10 10 3.27 162 14 10 1.50 876 1.50 876 93.7959 3.2140 94.0166 3.2133 94.1056 3.0750 93.6847 3.3733 89.6661 4.8164 89.9860 4.8067 90.0000 4.8600 89.6593 4.9267 96.5500 1.5315 96.6802 1.4650 96.5927 1.4373 96.4363 1.6067 86.0290 5.8727 86.5172 5.8133 86.3080 5.8550 86.3410 5.9100 95.6123 2.6288 2.5 2.8 90.209 4.11 4.12 294.8 30.2 26.6 2.8 143.6 1.4  5.8 2.92 194 6.8 5 2.807 148 2.562 150 2.517 148 2.63 157 5  5.8 6.07 406 24.8  0.4 5.51 392 21.2 10.4 4.05 187 17.6  5.8 3.8 183 17.6  5.8 3.13 157 6.8  5.8 3.02 172  0.4  5.8 3.5 169 12 10 3.52 144 10 10 3.27 162 14 10 5.05 2.46 167 2.29 143 3.19 163 2.77 166 8 100.4 2.515 143 3.2 2.765 161 3.2 2.43 163 14 2.92 178 28.4 Propylene Propane Isobutane Butane Isopentane Pentane C6 and Up CO Oxygen ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%)

1.9 93.2 0.0 3.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7220 0.1500 0.1461 0.0540 0.0613 0.0050 0.6773 0.1579 0.1484 0.0570 0.0504 0.0101 0.6653 0.1441 0.1341 0.0485 0.0473 0.0094 0.7120 0.1511 0.1454 0.0543 0.0527 0.0047 1.2162 0.2245 0.2159 0.0667 0.0650 0.0075 1.1367 0.2297 0.2269 0.0745 0.0679 0.0149 1.1403 0.2153 0.2081 0.0679 0.0686 0.0127 1.2267 0.2172 0.2349 0.0670 0.0734 0.0116 0.1991 0.0253 0.0253 0.0107 0.0107 0.0207 0.1904 0.0393 0.0383 0.0073 0.0071 0.0024 0.1859 0.0368 0.0345 0.0104 0.0101 0.0013 0.2040 0.0392 0.0347 0.0073 0.0070 0.0006 1.7923 0.2350 0.2180 0.0697 0.0650 0.0076 1.7850 0.2373 0.2300 0.0746 0.0730 0.0146 1.7110 0.2196 0.2107 0.0682 0.0682 0.0126 1.8233 0.2160 0.2225 0.0771 0.0760 0.0150 0.406 0.058 0.083 0.023 0.016 0.038 2.11 0.001 0 0 0 0 93.45 1.5 CO2 N2 CO2 + N2 Methane Ethane Propylene Propane Isobutane Butane ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mole%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%)

0.0 3.6 0.8487 0.8761 1.7248 87.5000 5.5900 1.8400 0.5000 0.4900 0.8490 0.8223 1.6713 87.6000 5.6200 1.7400 0.5300 0.5000 0.8697 0.8983 1.7680 87.8300 5.3800 1.7100 0.4900 0.4500 0.8807 0.8773 1.7580 87.1600 5.8800 1.8200 0.5100 0.4900 1.8069 1.8389 3.6458 79.8200 8.0000 2.9600 0.7200 0.6900 1.7433 1.8100 3.5533 79.9900 8.0300 2.7800 0.7400 0.7300 1.7567 1.8233 3.5800 79.9900 8.1100 2.7900 0.6900 0.6700 1.7200 1.8600 3.5800 79.6500 8.2000 2.9900 0.7000 0.7600 0.8146 0.8121 1.6267 92.8300 2.7600 0.5300 0.0900 0.0900 0.7800 0.7767 1.5567 93.1600 2.6400 0.5000 0.1400 0.1300 0.8330 0.8563 1.6893 92.9300 2.5900 0.4900 0.1300 0.1200 0.8363 0.8243 1.6607 92.6600 2.8900 0.5400 0.1400 0.1200 2.8000 2.8733 5.6733 73.6100 9.3900 4.2000 0.7300 0.6700 2.7450 2.7233 5.4683 73.8100 9.3500 4.2100 0.7400 0.7100 2.7167 3.0100 5.7267 73.7700 9.4000 4.0300 0.6800 0.6500 2.5100 2.8600 5.3700 74.0100 9.4900 4.2900 0.6700 0.6900 0.016 0.016 93.129 4.801 1.137 0.205 0.293 0 3.47 4.41 Carbon Wgt Frac Isopentane Pentane C6 and Up CO Oxygen CO2 N2 CO2 + N2 ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) ( mass%) Total 0.2300 0.2600 0.0200 2.1600 1.4200 3.5800 0.729 0.2400 0.2100 0.0500 2.1700 1.3400 3.5100 0.734 0.2000 0.2000 0.0500 2.2300 1.4600 3.6900 0.732 0.2300 0.2200 0.0200 2.2500 1.4300 3.6800 0.733 0.2700 0.2600 0.0400 4.3900 2.8500 7.2400 0.712 0.3000 0.2700 0.0700 4.2600 2.8200 7.0800 0.717 0.2700 0.2700 0.0600 4.2900 2.8400 7.1300 0.716 0.2700 0.2900 0.0600 4.1900 2.8900 7.0800 0.715 0.0500 0.0500 0.1100 2.1500 1.3600 3.5100 0.730 0.0300 0.0300 0.0100 2.0600 1.3000 3.3600 0.729 0.0400 0.0400 0.0100 2.2000 1.4400 3.6400 0.730 0.0300 0.0300 0.0000 2.2000 1.3800 3.5800 0.730 0.2700 0.2500 0.0300 6.5500 4.2800 10.8300 0.693 0.2900 0.2800 0.0700 6.4600 4.0800 10.5400 0.700 0.2600 0.2600 0.0600 6.3800 4.5000 10.8800 0.695 0.3000 0.2900 0.0700 5.9000 4.2800 10.1800 0.698 0.101 0.07 0.194 0.043 0.027 < 0.0005 0.3 1.3725 1.8 Carbon Carbon Gross Net Specific Wgt Frac Wgt Frac Density H/ C Ratio Heating Heating Gravity HC NMHC 20 deg C Wobbe Molecular NMHC Value Value rel to Air Portion Portion ( g/ scf) Number Weight Only ( Btu/ scf) ( Btu/ scf) ( 60 deg F) 0.723 0.762 20.44 1348 17.3 2.81 1044 940 0.5992 0.728 0.815 20.32 1347 17.2 2.84 1038 937 0.5958 0.726 0.805 20.25 1343 17.2 2.84 1035 933 0.5936 0.727 0.803 20.32 1345 17.3 2.85 1038 936 0.5956 0.700 0.786 21.39 1322 18.1 2.83 1047 943 0.6272 0.705 0.820 21.19 1324 18.0 2.84 1037 942 0.6213 0.704 0.818 21.21 1345 18.0 2.84 1042 940 0.6219 0.704 0.806 21.27 1323 18.1 2.84 1045 943 0.6235 0.724 0.784 19.69 1332 16.7 2.89 1013 911 0.5773 0.724 0.741 19.65 1333 16.7 2.90 1010 911 0.5760 0.724 0.807 19.64 1330 16.7 2.90 1009 909 0.5757 0.724 0.797 19.67 1331 16.7 2.91 1011 911 0.5766 0.675 0.797 22.18 1291 18.8 2.84 1044 939 0.6504 0.682 0.829 22.11 1298 18.7 2.84 1040 941 0.6482 0.678 0.815 22.05 1289 18.7 2.84 1037 936 0.6465 0.682 0.806 22.04 1298 18.7 2.84 1044 942 0.6462 1035.079 1039.3 0.6092 TABLE 8  TEST VEHICLE/ ENGINE INFORMATION Reference Number Make Model Type Fuel 1 Ford F150 LDT 1 Chevrolet C10 Suburban LDT 1 Chevrolet C15 Suburban LDT 1 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme LDV 1 Pontiac Grand Prix LDV 1 Chevrolet Caprice LDV 1 Ford Tempo LDV 1 Honda Accord LDV 1 Chevrolet Impala LDV 1 Plymouthouth Reliant LDV 1 Ford Crown Victoria LDV 1 Chevrolet Corsica LDV 1 Dodge Caravan LDT 1 Dodge Dynasty LDV 1 Ford Taurus LDV 1 Ford Taurus LDV 1 Honda Accord LDV 1 Ford Aerostar LDT 1 Pontiac Bonneville LDV 1 Toyota Camry LDV 1 Oldsmobile Delta 88 Royale LDV 1 Dodge Caravan LDT 1 Dodge Shadow LDV 1 Ford Aerostar LDT 1 Pontiac Grand Am LDV 1 Ford Mustang LDV 1 Plymouthouth Sundance LDV 1 Chevrolet R10 Suburban LDT 1 Ford Taurus LDV 1 Dodge Shadow LDV 1 Dodge Spirit LDV 1 Ford Taurus LDV 1 Chevrolet Lumina LDV 1 Chevrolet Camaro Z28 LDV 2 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 2 Lincoln Mark VIII LDV Gasoline 2 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 2 Ford Escort LDV Gasoline 3 Ford LPG HDV Engine LPG 3 Ford EFI HDV Engine Gasoline 3 Hercules GTA HDV Engine CNG 3 DDC Series 60 HDV Engine Diesel 3 Ford EFI HDV Engine Gasoline 4 No vehicles/ engines tested 5 Chevrolet Monza LDV Gasoline 5 Ford Bronco LDT Gasoline 5 Pontiac Grand Am LDV Gasoline 5 Oldsmobile Delta 88 LDV Gasoline 5 Ford Thunderbird LDV Gasoline 5 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 5 Nissanan 300ZX LDV Gasoline 5 Toyota 4WD Pick Up LDT Gasoline 5 Toyota Celica LDV Gasoline 5 Chevrolet Camaro LDV Gasoline 5 Mercedes 190E LDV Gasoline 5 Lincoln Continental LDV Gasoline 5 Plymouthouth Acclaim LDV Gasoline 5 Toyota Celica LDV Gasoline 5 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 5 Oldsmobile Regency LDV Gasoline 5 Nissanan Maxima LDV Gasoline 5 Buick Park Avenue LDV Gasoline 5 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 5 Buick Regal LDV Gasoline 6 GM Polera LDV Gasoline 6 GM Malibu LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Valiant LDV Gasoline 6 Volkswagon LDV Gasoline 6 GM Pickup LDT Gasoline 6 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 6 GM Impala LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Torino LDV Gasoline 6 GM Impala LDV Gasoline 6 Volkswagon LDV Gasoline 6 GM Toronado LDV Gasoline 6 GM Nova LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Satellite LDV Gasoline 6 GM Cadillac LDV Gasoline 6 Volkswagon LDV Gasoline 6 GM Monte Carlo LDV Gasoline 6 GM Cutlass LDV Gasoline 6 GM Continental LDV Gasoline 6 GM Regency LDV Gasoline 6 GM Camaro LDV Gasoline 6 GM Regency LDV Gasoline 6 Ford LTD Brougham LDV Gasoline 6 Ford LTD Brougham LDV Gasoline 6 BMW 325e LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Thunderbird LDV Gasoline 6 BMW 318i LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Daytona LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Lancer Turbo LDV Gasoline 6 Volvo DL LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 6 Ford LTD Crown Victoria LDV Gasoline 6 Mazda 323 DX LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler New Yorker LDV Gasoline 6 GM Cutlass LDV Gasoline 6 GM Brougham LDV Gasoline 6 Nissanan Maxima LDV Gasoline 6 Nissanan Stanza LDV Gasoline 6 Nissanan Maxima LDV Gasoline 6 Nissanan Stanza LDV Gasoline 6 Nissanan 200SX LDV Gasoline 6 BMW 325 LDV Gasoline 6 Saab 900 Turbo LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Celica GTS LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Cressida LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Celica GT LDV Gasoline 6 Honda Accord SE 1 LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Cressida LDV Gasoline 6 Volvo DL LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Celica GT LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Celica GT LDV Gasoline 6 Honda Civic CRX LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota MR 2 LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Cressida LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Corolla GTS LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 6 Honda Prelude LDV Gasoline 6 Volvo GL LDV Gasoline 6 Nissanan Stanza LDV Gasoline 6 Volvo DL Wagon LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Tempo LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Reliant LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Celica LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Aries LDV Gasoline 6 GM Cavalier LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Festiva LDV Gasoline 6 Mazda 323 LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Aerostar LDT Gasoline 6 Chrysler Aries LDV Gasoline 6 Chrysler Duster LDV Gasoline 6 GM Councourse LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Pinto LDV Gasoline 6 GM LeSabre LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Granada LDV Gasoline 6 Ford Cougar LDV Gasoline 6 Toyota Corolla LDV Gasoline 6 Mercedes 300D LDV Diesel 6 Mercedes 300D LDV Diesel 6 Navistar 7.3L HDV Diesel 7 Tecumseh 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 7 Tecumseh 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 7 Briggs & Stratton 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 7 Lawn Boy 2 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 7 Ryan 2 stroke string trimmer Gasoline 8 Snapper 2 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 8 Snapper 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 8 Sears 2 stroke chainsaw Gasoline 8 Snapper 2 stroke trimmer Gasoline 8 Sears 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 8 McLane 4 stroke edger Gasoline 8 Husqvarna 4 stroke chainsaw Gasoline 8 Toro 2 stroke blower Gasoline 8 Swirl Magic 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 8 Swirl Magic 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 8 Wards 4 stroke rototiller Gasoline 8 Lawn Chief 4 stroke riding mower Gasoline 8 Sears 4 stroke rototiller Gasoline 8 Ford ag tractor Diesel 8 Ford ag tractor Diesel 8 John Deere ag combine Diesel 8 Sperry New Holland ag swather Diesel 8 Case ag tractor Diesel 8 John Deere ag tractor Diesel 8 Caterpillar ag tractor Diesel 8 John Deere ag tractor Diesel 9 Cummins L10 HDV engine 10 No vehicles/ engines tested 11 No vehicles/ engines tested 12 No vehicles/ engines tested 13 Lincoln Mark VIII LDV Gasoline Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 14 No vehicles/ engines tested 15 Unspecified LDV Gasoline 15 Unspecified LDV Gasoline 15 Unspecified LDV Gasoline 15 Unspecified LDV Gasoline 15 Unspecified LDV Gasoline 15 Unspecified HDV Diesel 15 Unspecified HDV Diesel 15 Unspecified HDV Diesel 16 No vehicles/ engines tested 17 No vehicles/ engines tested 18 No vehicles/ engines tested 19 No vehicles/ engines tested 20 No vehicles/ engines tested 21 No vehicles/ engines tested 22 No vehicles/ engines tested 23 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 23 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 23 Ford Aerostar LDT Gasoline 23 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 23 Pontiac Grand Am LDV Gasoline 23 Oldsmobile Delta 88 LDV Gasoline 24 No vehicles/ engines tested 25 No vehicles/ engines tested 26 No vehicles/ engines tested 27 Unspecified Swedish Car ( unleaded) LDV Gasoline Unspecified Swedish Car ( leaded) LDV Gasoline Unspecified Swedish Car ( diesel) LDV Diesel Unspecified Swedish Truck ( diesel) HDV Diesel Unspecified German Car ( unleaded) LDV Gasoline Unspecified German Car ( leaded) LDV Gasoline Unspecified German Car ( diesel) LDV Diesel Unspecified New Zealand ( unleaded) LDV Gasoline Unspecified New Zealand ( leaded) LDV Gasoline 28 No vehicles/ engines tested 29 Briggs & Stratton 12G702 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 124702 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 124702 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 92502 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Tecumseh 20203D 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 93502 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 92902 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Kawasaki FC150V 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 92982 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 29 Briggs & Stratton 124702 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 30 Tecumseh OVRM40 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline 30 Yamaha CG 50 2 stroke moped Gasoline 31 McCulloch EB285BC 2 stroke string trimmer Gasoline / LPG 31 Tecumseh TVS 90 4 stroke lawn mower Gasoline / LPG 32 No vehicles/ engines tested 33 No vehicles/ engines tested 34 Chrysler LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 34 AMC LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 34 Chrysler LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 34 Chrysler LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 34 Chrysler LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 34 AMC LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 34 Chrysler LDV Gasoline 34 Ford LDV Gasoline 34 GM LDV Gasoline 34 Unspecified Import LDV Gasoline 35 General Electric F101 Aircraft Turbine Jet 35 General Electric F110 Aircraft Turbine Jet 36 General Electric TF 39 Aircraft Turbine Jet 36 CFM International CFM 56 Aircraft Turbine Jet 37 Buick Century LDV Gasoline 37 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 37 Dodge Pickup LDT Gasoline 37 Chevrolet Citation LDV Gasoline 37 Toyota Pickup LDT Gasoline 38 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 38 Pontiac Grand Am LDV Gasoline 38 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 38 Chevrolet Cavalier LDV Gasoline 38 Chrysler Omni LDV Gasoline 38 Nissanan Sentra LDV Gasoline 38 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 38 Toyota Corolla LDV Gasoline 38 Dodge Caravelle LDV Gasoline 39 Buick Century LDV Gasoline 39 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 39 Chevrolet Citation LDV Gasoline 40 Ford Tempo LDV Gasoline 40 Ford Escort LDV Gasoline 40 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline 40 Nissanan Maxima LDV Gasoline 40 Oldmobile Cutlass Supreme LDV Gasoline 40 Chevrolet Monte Carlo LDV Gasoline 40 Ford Lincoln Mark VII LDV Gasoline 40 Oldmobile Delta 88 LDV Gasoline 40 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 40 Pontiac 6000 LDV Gasoline 40 Ford LTD LDV Gasoline 41 Buick Century LDV Gasoline 41 Ford Mustang LDV Gasoline 41 Chevrolet Citation LDV Gasoline 42 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 42 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 43 Chevrolet Lumina LDV Gasoline 43 Mercury Marquis LDV Gasoline 43 Buick Regal LDV Gasoline 43 Chevrolet Impala LDV Gasoline 43 Ford Probe LDV Gasoline 44 No vehicles/ engines tested 45 Ford F150 LDT 45 Chevrolet C10 Suburban LDT 45 Chevrolet C15 Suburban LDT 45 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme LDV 45 Pontiac Grand Prix LDV 45 Chevrolet Caprice LDV 45 Chevrolet Impala LDV 45 Ford Tempo LDV 45 Honda Accord LDV 45 Plymouth Reliant LDV 45 Buick LeSabre LDV 45 Cadillac Cimarron LDV 45 Dodge Daytona LDV 45 Toyota Celica LDV 45 Dodge Shadow LDV 45 Ford Crown Victoria LDV FFV 45 Ford Escort LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV 45 Ford Tempo LDV 45 Pontiac Grand Am LDV 45 Chevrolet Corsica LDV FFV 45 Chevrolet Blazer LDT 45 Dodge Caravan LDT FFV 45 Dodge Dynasty LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV FFV 45 Toyota Toyota Corolla LDV 45 Chevrolet C10 Suburban LDT 45 Chevrolet Corsica LDV 45 Dodge Caravan LDT FFV 45 Dodge Shadow LDV 45 Ford Aerostar LDT 45 Ford Mustang LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV 45 Honda Accord LDV 45 Oldsmobile Delta 88 LDV 45 Plymouth Sundance LDV 45 Pontiac Bonneville LDV 45 Pontiac Grand Am LDV 45 Toyota Camry LDV 45 Chevrolet Lumina LDV FFV 45 Dodge Shadow LDV 45 Dodge Spirit LDV FFV 45 Ford Taurus LDV FFV 45 Chevrolet Camaro Z28 LDV 45 Chevrolet Lumina LDV 45 Chevrolet C20 Pickup LDT 45 Chevrolet Lumina LDV FFV 45 Dodge B150 Ram Wagon LDT 45 GMC Sierra C20 Pickup LDT 45 Buick LeSabre LDV 45 Chevrolet Cavalier LDV 45 Dodge Spirit LDV 45 Dodge Spirit LDV FFV 45 Ford Crown Victoria LDV FFV 45 Ford Taurus LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV FFV 45 Ford Tempo LDV 45 Plymouth Acclaim LDV 45 Plymouth Acclaim LDV FFV 45 Buick LeSabre LDV 45 Chevrolet Cavalier LDV 45 Dodge Spirit LDV 45 Ford Escort LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV 45 Ford Taurus LDV FFV 45 Plymouth Voyager LDT 45 Nissanan Sentra LDV 45 Buick LeSabre LDV 45 Chevrolet Cavalier LDV 45 Dodge Neon LDV 45 Ford Crown Victoria LDV 45 Ford Escort LDV 45 Ford Thunderbird LDV 45 Plymouth Voyager LDT 46 Ford F250 Pickup LDT Gasoline 46 Toyota Corolla LDV Gasoline 46 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 46 Jeep Wrangler LDT Gasoline 46 Mazda 626LXi LDV Gasoline 46 Ford Taurus GL LDV Gasoline 46 Chevrolet Corvette LDV Gasoline 46 Dodge Ram 150 Van LDT Gasoline 46 Dodge Colt LDV Gasoline 46 Pontiac Sunbird LE LDV Gasoline 46 Mercury Tracer LDV Gasoline 46 Ford Taurus GL LDV Gasoline 46 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 47 Hercules GTA MDV CNG 48 Chevrolet Lumina LDV Gasoline, LPG, CNG 50 Chevrolet Lumina LDV  FFV/ VFV Gasoline, E85 50 Ford Taurus LDV  FFV/ VFV Gasoline, E85 50 Plymouth Acclaim LDV  FFV/ VFV Gasoline, E85 53 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline 53 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 53 Toyota pickup truck LDT Gasoline 53 Chevy Astrovan LDT Gasoline 53 Toyota Celica LDV Gasoline 53 GMC pickup truck LDT Gasoline 53 Chrysler Reliant K LDV Gasoline 53 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 53 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 53 Volkswagon Vancamper LDV Gasoline 53 Chevy Camaro LDV Gasoline 61 Toyota pickup truck LDT Gasoline 61 Chevy Astrovan LDT Gasoline 61 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 61 Volkswagon Vancamper LDV Gasoline 61 Chevy Camaro LDV Gasoline 61 Isuzu intercooled turbo diesel truck MDT Diesel 61 GMC Vandura 3500 full sized comme MDT Diesel 62 Isuzu intercooled turbo diesel truck MDT Diesel 62 GMC Vandura 3500 full sized comme MDT Diesel 87 1991 96 light duty gasoline vehicles LDV Gasoline 87 1986 90 light duty gasoline vehicles LDV Gasoline 87 1981 85 light duty gasoline vehicles LDV Gasoline 87 1971 80 light duty gasoline vehicles LDV Gasoline 87 1971 or newer smoking gasoline LDV Gasoline 87 1971 or newer diesels LDV Diesel 92 American Transportation Bus International Engine ( C275, CG HDV Diesel, LED 92 Blue Bird Bus John Deere Engine HDV CNG 95 School Bus American Transportation 3000R HDV Diesel 95 Grocry Truck ( CRT) Sterling AT9513 Class 8 Tracto HDV Diesel 95 Diesel Transit Bus New Flyer Diesel Transit Bus HDV Diesel 95 CNG Transit Bus New Flyer CNG Transit Bus HDV CNG 95 CNG Transit Bus New Flyer CNG Transit Bus HDV CNG 95 Grocery Truck ( DPX) Sterling AT9513 Class 8 Tracto HDV Diesel 98 DaimlerChrysler OM611 Diesel 99 DaimlerChrysler OM611 Diesel 100 DaimlerChrysler OM611 Diesel 101 prototype and recent model yearFord LDV Gasoline 102 Cummins N14 HDT Diesel 102 DDC Series 50 HDV Diesel 102 Cummins B5.9 HDT Diesel 115 Ford pickup LDV Gasoline 115 Chevrolet Blazer LDV Gasoline 115 Pontiac Bonneville LDV Gasoline 115 Nissan Sentra LDV Gasoline 115 Acura Integra LDV Gasoline 115 Toyota Avalon LDV Gasoline 115 Mazda Millenia LDV Gasoline 131 domestic vehicle ( details not given) Gasoline 138 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 147 GM Camaro LDV Gasoline 147 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 147 Chrysler Shadow LDV Gasoline 155 TMC model RTS kneeling bus TMC HDV Diesel 166 Tractor Truck ( with Detroit DiesFreightliner HDT Diesel 166 Tractor Truck ( with Caterpillar Freightliner HDT Diesel 166 Tractor Truck ( with Cummins NInternational HDT Diesel 170 Tecumseh 917.372271 4 stroke mower Gasoline 170 Tecumseh 143.374132 4 stroke mower Gasoline 170 Briggs & Stratton 92902 4 stroke mower Gasoline 170 Lawn Boy 4570 2 stroke mower Gasoline 170 Ryan 265 2 stroke trimmer Gasoline 173 Caterpillar 3406E Diesel 175 Six Marine Vessels ( S1, S3, S5, E3, E4, E6)

177 Plymouth Horizon LDV Gasoline 177 Honda Prelude LDV Gasoline 177 Oldsmobile Cutlass Sierra LDV Gasoline 177 Mazda 626 LDV Gasoline 177 Dodge Shadow LDV Gasoline 177 Ford Tempo LDV Gasoline 177 Buick Park Avenue LDV Gasoline 177 Nissan Stanza LDV Gasoline 177 Toyota Celica LDV Gasoline 177 Acura Legend LDV Gasoline 180 Cummins B5.9 HDV Diesel 183 Cummins L10 310 Diesel 184 5 offroad gasoline engines were tested, no engine details given Gasoline 187 GE Model DASH9 44CW 7FDL16N54 locomotive engine Diesel 187 GE Model DASH9 44CW 7FDL16N62 locomotive engine Diesel 187 GE Model DASH9 44CW 7FDL16N7 locomotive engine Diesel 187 EMD Model SD70MAC 16 710G3B EC locomotive engine Diesel 187 EMD Model SD70MAC 16 710G3B EC locomotive engine Diesel 187 EMD Model SD70MAC 16 710G3B EC locomotive engine Diesel 187 Detroit Diesel Corporation ( DDCSeries 60 HD Diesel 188 HOND ACCORD EX LDV Gasoline 188 MRCY GRANDMARQUIS LDV Gasoline 188 FORD TAURUS SE LDV Gasoline 188 KIA SEPHIA LS 4 DOOR LDV Gasoline 188 VOLK JETTA GL LDV Gasoline 188 MITS MONTERO SPORT 4DR LDV Gasoline 188 FORD WINDSTAR GL LDV Gasoline 188 DSMC SEBRING LX LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA ECHO LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA ECHO LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA ECHO LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA ECHO LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA ECHO LDV Gasoline 188 LEXS LS 400 LDV Gasoline 188 DODG GRAND CARAVAN LDV Gasoline 188 DODG TOWN COUNTRY EX LDV Gasoline 188 DODG GRAND CARAVAN EX LDV Gasoline 188 DODG GRAND CARAVAN LDV Gasoline 188 DODG GRAND CARAVAN LDV Gasoline 188 MB C 230 LDV Gasoline 188 BMW 323 IS LDV Gasoline 188 NISS SENTRA GXE LDV Gasoline 188 ISUZ RODEO LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV METRO LSi LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV METRO LSI LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV METRO LSI LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV METRO LSI LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV METRO LSI LDV Gasoline 188 VOLV S 70 GLT LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV METRO LSI LDV Gasoline 188 CHRY PT CRUISER LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV P/ U SILVERADO LDV Gasoline 188 FORD GRUMMAN VAN LDV Gasoline 188 HYND ACCENT GL LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV CUSTOMDELUXE 30 LDV Gasoline 188 BUIC REGAL LS LDV Gasoline 188 BUIC LESABRE LDV Gasoline 188 BUIC PARK AVENUE LDV Gasoline 188 BUIC PARK AVENUE LDV Gasoline 188 PONT BONNEVILLE SLE LDV Gasoline 188 OLDS INTRIGUE LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV VAN 30 LDV Gasoline 188 GMC VANDURA 3500 LDV Gasoline 188 DODG RAM 1500 P/ U 4X4 LDV Gasoline 188 HOND CIVIC GX NGV LDV CNG 188 TOTA PRIUS HEV LDV Gasoline 188 GMC FORWARD LDV Gasoline 188 DODG DURANGO SPORT LDV Gasoline 188 DODG DURANGO SPORT LDV Gasoline 188 DODG DURANGO SPORT LDV Gasoline 188 DODG DURANGO SPORT LDV Gasoline 188 DODG DURANGO SPORT 4X4 LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV CHEYENNE 2500 LDV Gasoline 188 FORD E 350 LDV Gasoline 188 FORD ECONOLINE 350 LDV Gasoline 188 HOND ACCORD EX LDV Gasoline 188 MAZD PROTEGE LX LDV Gasoline 188 FORD E 350 LDV Gasoline 188 GMC VANDURA 3500 LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV VAN 3500 LDV Gasoline 188 FORD VAN LDV Gasoline 188 CHRY SPORTMAN LDV Gasoline 188 FORD EXPLORER XLT LDV Gasoline 188 FORD VAN LDV Gasoline 188 NISS 240 SX LDV Gasoline 188 NISS SENTRA CA 4 DR LDV Gasoline 188 FORD EXPLORER XLT LDV Gasoline 188 SATU SW2 LDV Gasoline 188 HOND ACCORD EX 4 DR LDV Gasoline 188 INFI QX4 SUV LDV Gasoline 188 MITS COUP E LDV Gasoline 188 PLYM VOYAGER LDV Gasoline 188 DODG RAM LDV Gasoline 188 DODG RAM 150 LDV Gasoline 188 MRCY LINCOLN CONTINENTAL LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV BERETTA LDV Gasoline 188 DODG INTREPID LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA CAMRY LE LDV Gasoline 188 BMW 525I LDV Gasoline 188 HYND ACCENT LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA PRIUS HYBRID LDV Gasoline 188 DODG RAM 1500 LDV Gasoline 188 HOND ACCORD DX LDV Gasoline 188 FORD MUSTANG LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA CAMRY LE S/ W LDV Gasoline 188 MAZD 626 LX LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA COROLLA FX LDV Gasoline 188 CHRY LEBARON LE LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA CAMRY LE 4 DR LDV Gasoline 188 DODG GRAND CARAVAN SPORT LDV Gasoline 188 FORD TAURUS GL 4 DR LDV Gasoline 188 FORD TAURUS GL LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV CAPRICE CLASSIC S/ W LDV Gasoline 188 SAAB 900 LDV Gasoline 188 CAD SEDAN DEVILLE LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV GEO METRO LSi LDV Gasoline 188 TOTA TERCEL HATCH LDV Gasoline 188 FORD FOCUS SE LDV Gasoline 188 NISS SENTRA 2DR LDV Gasoline 188 CAD SEDAN DEVILLE LDV Gasoline 188 FORD MUSTANG LDV Gasoline 188 HOND CIVIC VX LDV Gasoline 188 BMW 325I LDV Gasoline 188 MAZD MIATA MX5 LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV ASTRO EXT LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV CAVALIER LC LDV Gasoline 188 NISS QUEST XE LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV LUMINA 4 DR SEDAN LDV Gasoline 188 VOLV 240 4DR LDV Gasoline 188 HOND ACCORD LX WAGON LDV Gasoline 188 HOND CIVIC HEV LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV SILVERADO 1500 LS LDV Gasoline 188 CHEV CAVALIER 4 DOOR LDV Gasoline 188 HOND ACCORD LX LDV Gasoline 188 DODG RAM 1500 LAMARI LDV Gasoline 188 DODG DURANGO SLT LDV Gasoline 188 LEXS ES300 LDV Gasoline 188 FORD TAURUS LX LDV Gasoline 189 Nissan Sentra LDV Gasoline 189 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 189 Ford Focus LDV Gasoline 190 for C 130 Aircraft engine T56 A 7 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 C 5 TF39 GE 1C Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 C 130H ( APU) GTCP85 180 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 C 5A/ 5B ( APU) GTCP165 1 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 UH60A, UH60G ( helicopter) T 700 GE 700 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 F 16 C/ D/ N F110 GE 100 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 B 1B F101 GE 102 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 C/ EC/ RC 135E TF33 P 102 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 KC 135R F108 CF 100 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 C141 TF33 P 7/ 7A Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 T 37 J69 T 25 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 T 38 J85 GE 5A Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 C 17 F117 PW 100 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 B 2 F118 GE 100 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 F 117A and F/ A 18C/ D F404 GE F1D2/ 400 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 MH53J ( helicopter) T64 GE 100 Aircraft Jet Fuel 190 A 10 TF34 GE 100A Aircraft Jet Fuel 191 Yanmar 2TNEE68 utility Diesel 191 Yanmar L100AE DE utility Diesel 191 Kubota V2203B forklift truck Diesel 191 Lombardini LDW903 FOCS generator/ pump Diesel 191 Hatz B130 utility/ pump Diesel 191 Navistar B250 F tractor/ trailer Diesel 191 Cummins QSL 9 construction equipment Diesel 191 John Deere 6101 excavator Diesel 191 DDC Series 60 construction/ agriculture u Diesel 191 Caterpillar 3508 mining truck Diesel 191 Caterpillar 3408 rubber tired loader Diesel 191 Deere 6068T motor grader Diesel 191 Cummins M11C excavator Diesel 191 Caterpillar 3196 agricultural tractor Diesel 191 Cummins ISB190 telescoping boom excavato Diesel 192 a gasoline vehicle equipped with a three way catalyst Gasoline 193 Mazda 626 LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 193 Mazda GLC LDV Gasoline 193 Oldsmobile Cutlass LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Corolla LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Fairmont LDV Gasoline 193 Volkswagen Jetta LDV Gasoline 193 Chrysler LeBaron LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Acadian LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 193 Plymouth Horizon LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Corolla LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 193 Plymouth Voyager LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 193 Plymouth Sundance LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Caprice LDV Gasoline 193 Mazda 323 LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Grand Am LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Corolla LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Festiva LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline 193 Plymouth Horizon LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Cavalier LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Grand Prix LDV Gasoline 193 Nissan Sentra LDV Gasoline 193 Dodge Shadow LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Cavalier LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Firefly LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Tempo LDV Gasoline 193 Acura Integra LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Accord LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Camry LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Fiero LDV Gasoline 193 Acura Integra LDV Gasoline 193 Buick Riviera LDV Gasoline 193 Toyota Tercel LDV Gasoline 193 Buick Regal LDV Gasoline 193 Buick Century LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline 193 BMW 325 LDV Gasoline 193 Dodge 2000 GTX LDV Gasoline 193 Acura Integra LDV Gasoline 193 Oldsmobile 88 LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Lumina LDV Gasoline 193 Buick Century LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Bronco LDV Gasoline 193 Ford F250 LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Pick up LDV Gasoline 193 Dodge Caravan LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Explorer LDV Gasoline 193 Nissan Pick up LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Astrovan LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Ranger LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Blazer LDV Gasoline 193 Mazda B2200 LDV Gasoline 193 Geo Metro LDV Gasoline 193 Lincoln Continental LDV Gasoline 193 Ford Taurus LDV Gasoline 193 Saturn SL2 LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Grand Prix LDV Gasoline 193 Saturn SW1 LDV Gasoline 193 Dodge Caravan LDV Gasoline 193 Suzuki Tracker LDV Gasoline 193 Nissan Pathfinder LDV Gasoline 193 Chevrolet Tahoe LDV Gasoline 193 Pontiac Transport LDV Gasoline 193 Dodge Caravan LDV Gasoline 193 Jeep Cherokee LDV Gasoline 193 Honda Civic LDV Gasoline Tested Rated Model Age Number Odometer Displacment Engine Fuel Rated Torque Year ( years) Tested ( miles) ( liters) Type System Horsepower ( ft lbF)

1983 2 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 2 SI 1985 2 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 2 SI 1987 4 SI 1988 6 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1990 1 SI 1990 2 SI 1990 2 SI 1990 2 SI 1991 1 SI 1995 1 4852 5.0 SI 1995 1 7678 4.6 SI 1995 1 5361 3.0 SI 1995 1 9330 1.9 SI 1995 1 7.0 SI 220 340 1995 1 7.0 SI 225 345 1995 1 5.6 CI 180 475 1991 1 12.7 CI 370 1450 1995 1 7.5 SI 235 375 0 1980 1 138009 2.5 SI CARB 1985 1 86373 5.0 SI PFI 1988 1 25244 2.5 SI PFI 1981 1 100359 3.8 SI CARB 1983 1 74172 5.0 SI TBI 1984 1 77257 1.8 SI CARB 1987 1 31460 3.0 SI PFI 1988 1 31400 2.4 SI PFI 1988 1 45650 2.0 SI PFI 1985 1 50934 5.0 SI CARB 1986 1 52959 2.3 SI PFI 1989 1 18760 3.8 SI PFI 1990 1 5111 3.0 SI PFI 1984 1 67308 2.8 SI PFI 1985 1 81944 2.3 SI CARB 1987 1 14649 3.8 SI PFI 1982 1 109259 2.4 SI PFI 1986 1 51583 3.8 SI PFI 1989 1 13755 1.5 SI CARB 1982 1 78505 3.8 SI CARB 1967 1 SI 1974 1 SI 1971 1 SI 1974 1 SI 1972 1 SI 1972 1 SI 1974 1 SI 1973 1 SI 1970 1 SI 1972 1 SI 1972 1 SI 1969 1 SI 1971 1 SI 1974 1 SI 1973 1 SI 1972 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1983 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1983 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1983 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1983 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1981 1 SI 1979 1 SI 1976 1 SI 1977 1 SI 1978 1 SI 1976 1 SI 1978 1 SI 1975 1 SI 1981 1 CI 1978 1 CI 1988 1 7.3 CI 2 1 SI 4 1 SI 8 1 SI 11 1 SI 4 1 SI 1 SI 3.0 1 SI 5.0 1 SI 2.0 1 SI 3.0 1 SI 3.0 1 SI 2.0 1 SI 10.0 1 SI 1.5 1 SI 3.0 1 SI 3.0 1 SI 5.0 1 SI 12.0 1 SI 8.0 1 CI 130 1 CI 130 1 CI 165 1 CI 43 1 CI 43 1 CI 33.4 1 CI 105 1 CI 150 1 CI 310 0 0 0 1995 1 SI 1995 1 SI 0 pre 1979 1 SI 1974 78 7 SI 1974 78 4 SI 1968 1 SI 1970 1 SI 1977 79 4 CI 1976 82 22 CI 1987 2 CI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1990 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 0 0 0 6 SI 9 SI 1 CI 1 CI 2 SI 1 SI 1 CI 1 SI 4 SI 0 0 1 0.190 SI 5.0 5.0 0 1 0.190 SI 5.0 5.0 2 1 0.190 SI 5.0 5.0 11 1 0.148 SI 3.0 3.4 7 1 0.148 SI 3.5 3.8 16 1 0.148 SI 3.5 3.5 9 1 0.148 SI 3.5 3.5 0 1 0.150 SI 5.5 5.0 12 1 0.148 SI 3.5 3.5 4 1 0.190 SI 5.0 5.0 1 SI 3.5 1 SI 6.0 0 1 0.028 SI 1.1 0 1 0.148 SI 3.5 0 0 1975 1 SI 1975 1 SI 1975 1 SI 1976 1 SI 1976 2 SI 1976 1 SI 1977 1 SI 1977 2 SI 1977 1 SI 1978 1 SI 1978 2 SI 1978 1 SI 1978 1 SI 1979 1 SI 1979 1 SI 1979 1 SI 1979 2 SI 1980 1 SI 1980 1 SI 1980 3 SI 1980 2 SI 1981 1 SI 1981 3 SI 1981 6 SI 1981 2 SI 1982 1 SI 1982 1 SI 1982 3 SI 1982 1 SI 1984 1 52015 3.0 SI 1977 1 41614 5.0 SI 1991 1 13974 3.9 SI 1980 1 SI 1977 1 SI 1987 1 2764 2.0 SI FI 1986 1 10783 2.5 SI FI 1986 1 30176 2.3 SI CARB 1984 1 61649 2.0 SI TBI 1986 1 19746 2.2 SI CARB 1987 1 4196 1.6 SI CARB 1985 1 53384 1.8 SI FI 1987 1 10221 1.6 SI CARB 1987 1 5447 2.2 SI FI 1984 1 52015 3.0 SI 1977 1 41614 5.0 SI 1980 1 129500 2.5 SI 1986 1 28651 2.3 SI 1985 1 24045 1.9 SI 1987 1 16259 1.5 SI 1987 1 7965 3.0 SI 1986 1 21288 3.8 SI 1987 1 20257 5.0 SI 1985 1 27466 5.0 SI 1987 1 10047 3.8 SI 1986 1 7381 3.0 SI 1985 1 38392 2.8 SI 1985 1 63850 3.8 SI 1984 1 52015 3.0 SI 1977 1 41614 5.0 SI 1980 1 129500 2.5 SI 1987 1 28500 2.5 SI 1986 1 20600 2.0 SI 1990 1 5255 2.5 SI 1977 1 81679 6.6 SI 1983 1 83007 3.8 SI 1974 1 62739 5.7 SI 1990 1 11538 3.0 SI 0 1983 2 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 1 SI 1985 2 SI 1985 2 SI 1985 2 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1986 1 SI 1987 1 SI 1987 4 SI 1987 1 SI 1987 1 SI 1987 1 SI 1987 1 SI 1988 6 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 3 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 1 SI 1989 2 SI 1989 2 SI 1990 2 SI 1990 1 SI 1990 2 SI 1990 2 SI 1991 1 SI 1991 1 SI 1992 1 SI 1992 3 SI 1992 2 SI 1992 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 2 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1993 2 SI 1994 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1 SI 199x 1 SI 199x 1 SI 199x 1 SI 199x 1 SI 199x 1 SI 199x 1 SI 199x 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1995 1 SI 1991 1 SI 1992 1 SI 1987 1 SI 1996 1 SI 1982 1 SI 1983 1 SI 1984 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1993 1 SI 1989 1 SI 1992 1 3.7 SI GFI 130 320 1993 1 5685 3.1 SI PFI 1992 1 3.1 SI PFI 1993 1 3 SI SFI 1993 1 2.5 SI SFI 1994 1 17458 1.5 SI 1994 1 26731 3 SI 1992 1 41283 3 SI 1992 1 49439 5 SI 1990 1 54911 2.2 SI 1990 1 21073 5 SI 1986 1 78656 2.2 SI 1984 1 76656 1.5 SI 1981 1 106722 1.8 SI 1970 1 30000 1.6 SI 1969 1 371780 5 SI 1992 1 41283 3 SI 1992 1 49439 5 SI 1981 1 106722 1.8 SI 1970 1 30000 1.6 SI 1969 1 371780 5 SI 1995 1 39993 3.8 1 30560 6.5 1995 1 39993 3.8 1 30560 6.5 1991 96 30 SI 1986 90 36 SI 1981 85 41 SI 1971 80 42 SI 1971 or newer 24 SI 1971 or newer 22 1998 1 8.7 CI 275 800 2000 1 8.1 CI 250 800 1998 1 8.7 205 1999 1 12.7 430 1998 1 8.5 275 2000 1 8.5 275 2001 1 8.5 275 1999 1 12.7 430 1 2.2 CI FI 123 221 1 2.2 CI FI 123 221 1 2.2 CI FI 123 221 at least 3 mo. up to 100,000 mi SI 1997 1 CI 1997 1 CI 1995 1 CI 1967 1 SI 1973 1 SI 1988 1 SI 1991 1 SI 1994 1 SI 1996 1 SI 1996 1 SI 1989 1991 1 3 SI led by EEC IV processor 1991 1 3100 5.7 SI PFI 1988 1 25000 3 SI PFI 1990 1 8700 2.5 SI TBI 1989 88.76 1994 1 639105 12.7 470 1995 1 241843 14.6 375 1985 1 501586 14 300 2 1 164 SI 4 4 1 164 SI 4 8 1 148 SI 3.5 11 1 126 SI 4 4 1 31 SI 0.5 1997 1 14.6 CI lar electronic un 435 1979 1 162444 1.7 SI Carburetor 1980 1 173793 1.8 SI Carburetor 1985 1 154165 2.5 SI TBI 1984 1 164298 2 SI Carburetor 1994 1 95518 2.5 SI TBI 1990 1 81989 2.3 SI MPFI 1987 1 91408 3.8 SI MPFI 1990 1 96954 2.4 SI MPFI 1989 1 109700 2 SI MPFI 1987 1 102997 1.6 SI MPFI 1995 1 5.9 CI FI 160 400 1 10 CI charged direct in 310 1150 5 1994 1 4400 1994 1 4400 1994 1 4400 1995 1 4000 1996 1 4000 1995 1 4000 1991 1 12.7 CI 370 1450 1998 1 44488 2.261 1998 1 15667 4.588 1998 1 29936 2.983 1998 1 26367 1.793 1998 1 42573 1.983 1998 1 31679 2.971 1998 1 24749 3.802 1998 1 36703 2.496 2001 1 37 1.496 2001 1 39 1.496 2001 1 40 1.496 2001 1 54 1.496 2001 1 30 1.496 1998 1 27125 3.969 2001 1 109 3.8 2001 1 105 3.8 2001 1 105 3.8 2001 1 105 3.8 2001 1 107 3.8 1998 1 42395 2.294 1998 1 29996 2.494 1998 1 33376 1.598 1998 1 40377 3.163 2001 1 31 1.327 2001 1 22 1.327 2001 1 21 1.327 2001 1 20 1.327 2001 1 32 1.327 1998 1 31109 2.442 1998 1 40878 1.295 2001 1 10138 2.425 1995 1 148456 7.44 1981 1 175730 4.916 1998 1 45347 1.495 1985 1 107383 5.735 2001 1 159 3.785 2001 1 100 3.785 2001 1 106 3.785 2001 1 95 3.785 2001 1 98 3.785 1998 1 43636 3.785 1985 1 165495 5.735 1986 1 124868 5.785 1998 1 36071 5.899 2000 1 18948 1.59 2001 1 11309 1.488 1993 1 140426 5.735 2001 1 108 4.736 2001 1 107 4.736 2001 1 135 4.736 2001 1 105 4.736 2001 1 107 4.736 1995 1 164718 7.44 1997 1 112406 6.751 1988 1 148429 7.538 2000 1 26280 2.261 1998 1 67925 1.49 1995 1 62782 7.538 1985 1 135069 5.735 1996 1 40960 7.44 1977 1 152016 7.538 1976 1 122438 5.899 1998 1 41390 4.949 1978 1 86185 5.75 1998 1 46844 2.393 2000 1 14325 1.799 1992 1 149867 3.99 1994 1 59597 1.901 1998 1 69290 2.261 1997 1 57805 3.274 1993 1 76041 1.468 1994 1 159502 2.966 1984 1 219495 1.998 1985 1 124801 5.211 1989 1 160886 4.949 1988 1 177010 2.835 1997 1 57063 3.523 1993 1 218341 2.163 1993 1 167333 2.496 1999 1 62383 1.495 2001 1 12461 1.48 1996 1 116400 5.211 1987 1 202725 1.95 1997 1 79769 3.753 1990 1 119378 2.507 1996 1 104194 1.991 1988 1 97953 1.586 1991 1 94127 2.966 1993 1 89263 2.163 2002 1 15731 3.277 1994 1 51788 2.966 1996 1 127299 2.983 1983 1 129370 4.998 1986 1 153916 1.983 1991 1 53810 4.867 1989 1 163888 1 1989 1 234594 1.458 2000 1 9214 1.999 1987 1 160047 1.598 1990 1 113317 4.474 1988 1 40361 2.294 1992 1 118415 1.491 1987 1 120095 2.494 2000 1 6518 1.84 1994 1 110535 4.294 1985 1 146946 1.983 1997 1 150468 2.96 1993 1 248095 3.13 1992 1 166402 2.311 1997 1 36332 2.163 2003 1 1887 1.9 1999 1 87748 5.299 1999 1 58698 2.196 1999 1 62892 2.261 1999 1 68910 5.899 1999 1 40705 5.9 1993 1 51182 2.958 2002 1 18363 0 2003 1 13421 1.8 SI 7.9 2003 1 10707 2.4 SI 8 2003 1 14476 2.3 SI 7.8 turboprop 4508.44 turbofan turboshaft turboshaft 128 turboshaft 1622 max hp turbofan turbofan turbofan turbofan turbojet turbojet turbofan turbofan turbofan turboshaft 4330 turbofan 1998 1 0.5 CI 14 24 1998 1 0.2 CI 9 17 1999 1 2.2 CI 49 109 1999 1 0.92 CI 20 38 1999 1 0.35 CI 7 12 1998 1 7.4 CI 250 533 1999 1 8.3 CI 330 1170 1997 1 10 CI 320 1090 1999 1 12.7 CI 400 1392 1999 1 34.5 CI 850 2645 1999 1 18 CI 480 1996 1 6.8 CI 160 1997 1 10.7 CI 270 2001 1 10 CI 420 2001 1 5.9 CI 194 1 SI 1986 1 102146 SI 1985 1 96800 SI 1983 1 126664 SI 1984 1 112361 SI 1987 1 215014 SI 1981 1 50074 SI 1982 1 130278 SI 1984 1 56418 SI 1978 1 31254 SI 1987 1 132762 SI 1980 1 24847 SI 1985 1 16832 SI 1981 1 124858 SI 1985 1 143537 SI 1986 1 71273 SI 1992 1 47024 SI 1988 1 80922 SI 1991 1 118386 SI 1993 1 71870 SI 1989 1 92097 SI 1990 1 85980 SI 1992 1 108573 SI 1985 1 99020 SI 1990 1 103792 SI 1991 1 51871 SI 1989 1 18615 SI 1986 1 107532 SI 1991 1 66243 SI 1987 1 62629 SI 1990 1 70349 SI 1988 1 96605 SI 1989 1 100938 SI 1993 1 42498 SI 1992 1 39733 SI 1993 1 41695 SI 1993 1 152416 SI 1987 1 82816 SI 1992 1 89269 SI 1990 1 10637 SI 1989 1 68453 SI 1988 1 85947 SI 1984 1 54868 SI 1990 1 83254 SI 1988 1 133981 SI 1989 1 107047 SI 1987 1 83013 SI 1990 1 106981 SI 1991 1 41833 SI 1990 1 28481 SI 1989 1 171173 SI 1988 1 139769 SI 1991 1 24044 SI 1991 1 89002 SI 1993 1 131309 SI 1992 1 44206 SI 1990 1 68701 SI 1993 1 74469 SI 1990 1 126027 SI 1993 1 31364 SI 1988 1 133116 SI 1995 1 30020 SI 1997 1 17690 SI 1994 1 58137 SI 1997 1 14679 SI 1995 1 60343 SI 1995 1 58368 SI 1995 1 27241 SI 1994 1 65736 SI 1995 1 44829 SI 1996 1 33336 SI 1996 1 49403 SI 1995 1 62141 SI 1994 1 101154 SI 1998 1 38269 SI