PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK William C. Herz Director of Scientific Programs M E M O R A N D U M TO: Product Testing Recipient FROM: William C. Herz, Director of Scientific Programs SUBJECT: Ammonium Nitrate Product Testing Dossier DATE: March 15, 2003 It is with great pleasure that The Fertilizer Institute ( TFI) announces the completion and distribution of the final product testing dossier for ammonium nitrate ( CAS # 6484 52 2).

As you are aware, TFI sponsored this four year program to develop and summarize screening level hazard information for high production volume ( HPV) chemicals. The data elements generated represent a broad overview of human health and ecological parameters, including physical chemical characterization, environmental fate, mammalian toxicity and ecotoxicity. A health and environmental safety data summary dossier was prepared for each of the 23 materials, which summarizes the available literature data, new testing data, category description and read across data, as well as provides a conclusion regarding the inherent hazards of the material.

Upon receipt of this data a 90 calendar day regulatory trigger starts within which you must update your material safety data sheets ( MS DS). Upon first product shipment you must also notify your distributors and employers once the MS DS has been updated. These regulatory requirements are detailed in 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 5) and 29 CFR 1910.1200( g)( 6)( i). The requirements are found in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration " Hazard Communication Standard" ( 29 CFR 1910.1200).

Please note that by receipt of this data; you agree not to distribute or sell this data beyond your own company. PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY DATA SUMMARY DOCUMENT AMMONIUM NITRATE CAS # 6484 52 2 Prepared for:

THE FERTILIZER INSTITUTE January 27, 2003 THE WEINBERG GROUP INC. 1220 Nineteenth St, NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20036 2400 e mail science@ weinberggroup. com WASHINGTON NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO BRUSSELS PARIS i Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ii Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW................................................................................................... 1 SIDS DATA PROFILE.......................................................................................................... 8 SIDS DATA SUMMARY..................................................................................................... 9 1. GENERAL INFORMATION.................................................................................... 11 2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA.............................................................................. 16 3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS..................................................... 20 4. ECOTOXICITY......................................................................................................... 23 5. TOXICITY................................................................................................................. 28 6. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................... 38 APPENDICES Appendix A SIDS Data Availability Summary Appendix B SIDS Data Summaries for the Nitrate Compounds Category: Ammonium Nitrate, Nitrogen Solutions ( primarily Urea Ammonia Nitrogen [ UAN]), Potassium Nitrate, Potassium Sodium Nitrate, and Sodium Nitrate ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BCF Bioconcentration Factor bw Body Weight DAP Diammonium Phosphate DOT Department of Transportation FDA U. S. Food and Drug Administration g/ L Grams per Liter GLP Good Laboratory Practices GTSP Granular Triple Super Phosphate g/ mL Grams per Milliliter HSDB Hazardous Substance Data Bank IPCS International Programme for Chemical Safety KNO3 Potassium Nitrate Koc Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient Kow Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient LC50 Median Lethal Concentration LD50 Median Lethal Dose LOAEL Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level LOEC Lowest Observable Effect Concentration LOEL Lowest Observable Effect Level M Molar MAP Monoammonium Phosphate mg/ kg Milligrams per Kilogram mg/ kg/ day Milligrams per Kilogram per Day mg/ L Milligrams per Liter MHb Methyl Hemoglobin mm Hg Millimeters of Mercury mmol/ L Millimoles per Liter NaNo3 Sodium Nitrate NFPA National Fire Prevention Association ( NH4) 2NO3 Ammonium Nitrate NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NO3 Nitrate NOAEL No Observable Adverse Effect Level NOEC No Observable Effect Concentration NOEL No Observable Effect Level OECD Organisation for Economic Co operation and Development Pa Pascal ppm Parts per Million SCAS Semi Continuous Activated Sludge SIDS Screening Information Data Set SSP Single Super Phosphate TLm Median Toxicity Level TLV Threshold Limit Value TFI The Fertilizer Institute UAN Urea Ammonia Nitrogen 1 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW I. Introduction The Fertilizer Institute, on behalf of its member companies, initiated a Product Testing Project to collect, review, summarize, and where necessary develop additional health and environmental safety data for 23 of its high production volume inorganic fertilizer materials. These data and summaries provide valuable information that can be used to update Material Safety Data Sheets, answer customers' questions, and support product stewardship efforts. The chemical industry is also participating in a voluntary program of comparable scope for high production volume organic chemicals. 1 The 23 fertilizer materials were divided into five categories ( i. e., ammonia compounds, nitrate compounds, phosphate compounds, salts and acids) based on their primary constituents as shown in Table 1. The use of categories is a recognized and accepted method that allows health and environmental safety data from one chemical in the category to be used to represent one or more other related chemicals in the category ( USEPA 1997). The key is to find similar, or at least predictable, patterns and trends among the chemicals in a category. In this way, data can be pooled, resources are optimized, and fewer animals are used in testing, all without losing the ability to evaluate the hazards and safety of the individual chemicals. Note that some of the materials fall into more than one category ( e. g., diammonium phosphate [ DAP] is in both the phosphate and ammonia categories).

Searches were conducted using on line databases, standard reference texts, and other published sources for toxicity, ecotoxicity, environmental fate, and physical chemical properties. The collected data were reviewed for quality and acceptability and then summarized according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ( OECD) Screening Information Data Set ( SIDS) dossier format ( OECD 1997). The OECD countries ( including the United States) have agreed on a set of tests and on types of data that are generally necessary to characterize the chemical behavior and potential hazards of chemicals released into the environment. The OECD SIDS dossier was chosen as a standard format for the TFI Product Testing Project in order that it would be scientifically defensible, broadly applicable and easily understandable to a wide range of stakeholders.

The following sections of this Executive Overview provide the rationale for development of the Nitrate Compounds category ( Section II); a synopsis of the available data related to the physicalchemical properties, environmental fate, ecotoxicity and toxicity of the nitrate compounds in this category ( Section III); and a conclusion regarding the adequacy of the data to sufficiently characterize the category and the need for additional testing ( Section IV).

The data for ammonium nitrate are summarized in the Chemical Profile and Data Summary tables. Because the evaluation of data adequacy relies on a category approach, the Data Summary table references Appendix B when data are available for one or more of the other materials in the category for those data elements where no ammonium nitrate data are available.

1 HPV Chemical Challenge Program; USEPA 1999 ( http:// www. epa. gov/ opptintr/ chemrtk/ volchall. htm) 2 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Appendix B provides a summary of the data for all of the nitrate compounds in the category. The individual studies for ammonium nitrate itself are presented in subsequent pages of this document. Separate data summary documents are available for each of the nitrate compounds in the category.

II. Rationale for the Nitrate Compounds Category The nitrate compounds category for fertilizer materials includes ammonium nitrate, nitrogen solutions ( primarily Urea Ammonia Nitrogen [ UAN]), potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrate, potassium sodium nitrate. These compounds are structurally similar. In solution these compounds all dissociate into a common nitrate ion:

To this base, the compounds vary according to the simple cation present ( i. e., K+, Na+, NH4 +). The six compounds have similar and generally predictable patterns of behavior in the environment as well as toxicological properties. Nitrate itself is less toxicologically important than is nitrite. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite by the enzyme nitrate reductase which is found in plants, certain bacterial species, and mammalian gastric tissues ( Owens and Dubeski 1989). After ingestion nitrates are reduced to nitrites by bacteria in the lower intestine of the adult ( L'hirondel and L'hirondel 1998). In babies, it is this nitrite that can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia (" blue baby syndrome") ( Burden 1961). It is important to note that the causation of blue baby syndrome is complex and it may occur without exposure to high levels of nitrate in drinking water or food.

In addition to methemoglobinemia, some evidence indicates a possible formation of N nitroso compounds in foods and in tissues that contain excess nitrates/ nitrites ( Chow et al. 1980). Nnitroso compounds ( e. g., nitrosamines) are known to be potent mutagens/ carcinogens ( Lijinksy and Epstein 1970; Magee and Barnes 1967). However, the quantities of nitrosamines formed in mammals from nitrates in food are negligible and all of the epidemiological studies published since 1985 concluded that there is no positive correlation between nitrate intakes and the incidence of cancer ( Al Dabbagh et al. 1986; Forman et al. 1985; Leclerc et al. 1991; Lijinsky 1989; Lijinksy and Epstein 1970; Magee and Barnes 1967). In fact, some evidence suggests that nitrates in foods may actually play an anti carcinogenic role ( Lijinsky 1989).

In aquatic systems, the toxicity of the various nitrate materials is at least partially related to the cationic composition of the solution, although the available data suggest that aquatic toxicity is not a major concern ( Rubin and Elmaraghy 1977).

In terrestrial systems, nitrate absorbed by plants is reduced to nitrite by the enzyme nitrate reductase ( Owens and Dubeski 1989). The nitrite will be further reduced only when photosynthesis and carbohydrate synthesis are active ( Owens and Dubeski 1989). Under drought conditions, frost and shading, or deficiencies of other nutrients, each of which reduce O N'

O O 3 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 photosynthesis and biosynthesis of protein, nitrate continues to be absorbed and may accumulate in plant tissue ( Owens and Dubeski 1989). Under most conditions, however, the nitrate ion will leach into the soil pore water and become indistinguishable from the natural nitrate already present.

III. Summary of Data Available for the Nitrate Compounds Category Physical Chemical Data The density of nitrate compounds varies from 0.75 2.109 g/ mL. All nitrate compounds are highly soluble in water with solubility ranging from 357 1,920 g/ L at 20 25 ° C. Although few vapor pressure values are available, based on the fact that these compounds are solids, it may be concluded that they have low volatility. Very low octanol/ water partitioning coefficients indicate a low bioaccumulation potential.

Environmental Fate and Pathway Nitrate compounds biodegrade in the environment under certain conditions. Their high solubility and expected low volatility suggest that they are present mostly in aqueous solutions. While the cation may bind to clay particles in the soil, the nitrate anion may show significant leaching to ground water. Nitrate is subject to plant uptake and loss from the ecosystem in runoff waters or by denitrification.

Ecotoxicity The acute 96 hour LC50 values for fish range from 327 mg NO3/ L to greater than 9,300 mg NO3/ L. In addition, acute fish toxicity studies were conducted on nitrogen solutions ( UAN) and potassium sodium nitrate under Good Laboratory Practice ( GLP) conditions. The resultant LC50 values were greater than approximately 100 mg/ L, the highest concentrations tested. Acute studies with Daphnia magna resulted in EC50 values ranging from 300 to 2,614 mg NO3/ L. Chronic toxicity studies on aquatic invertebrates resulted in NOEC values of 300 mg/ L and TLm values of 327 880 mg NO3/ L. Algal toxicity studies resulted in EC50 values from 83 to 1,233 mg NO3/ L. The available ecotoxicity data indicate nitrate compounds have relatively low toxicity to terrestrial plants. Based on the standard Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act ( FIFRA) acute toxicity ratings for fish and Daphnia ( below), the compounds in this category are considered practically non toxic.

EC/ LC50 ( mg/ L) Toxicity Description < 0.1 Very Highly Toxic 0.1 1 Highly Toxic 1 10 Moderately Toxic 10 100 Slightly Toxic > 100 Practically Non Toxic 4 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Mammalian Toxicity Acute toxicity The acute oral LD50 values for mammals were reported as 1,166 mg NO3/ kg bw ( potassium nitrate) and up to 5,200 mg/ kg bw for most of the remaining nitrate compounds. In addition, acute oral toxicity studies were conducted under GLP conditions for UAN and potassium sodium nitrate. The acute oral toxicity studies for both materials resulted in LD50 values > 2000 mg/ kg. An acute inhalation study using ammonium nitrate reported an LC50 of > 88.8 mg/ L, while a similar study with dogs reported an NOEC of 5 mg NO3/ m3 ( the only dose tested). Acute dermal studies were also conducted under GLP conditions. The resultant LD50s were > 5000 mg/ kg bw for both ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate. Based on the standard FIFRA acute toxicity ratings for mammals ( below), the compounds in this category are considered to be of low to very low toxicity ( 40 CFR 156.62).

Toxicity Category I II III IV Toxicity Rating High Moderate Low Very Low Oral LD50   50 mg/ kg > 50 500 mg/ kg > 500 5000 mg/ kg > 5000 mg/ kg Dermal LC50   200 mg/ kg > 200 2000 mg/ kg > 2000 20,000 mg/ kg > 20,000 mg/ kg Inhalation LC50   0.2 mg/ L > 0.2 2 mg/ L > 2 20 mg/ L > 20 mg/ L Genotoxicity All nitrate compounds tested negative for mutagenicity using in vitro bacterial tests. Positive responses were observed at high doses ( 7.2 mg/ mL) in in vitro chromosome aberration studies with sodium nitrate only. In vivo assays were generally negative except for sodium nitrate at very high doses ( 706 mg NO3/ kg).

Repeated dose and developmental toxicity Repeat dose studies on ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate indicate that materials in the nitrate category are of low acute toxicity. Developmental or teratogenic toxicity was not observed for any of the three nitrate materials for which data were available. A new repeat dose study on potassium nitrate has been conducted using the OECD Guideline 422 protocol under GLP conditions. This study provides data for three different endpoints; repeat dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, and developmental toxicity. Results demonstrate no adverse effects on general toxicity, reproductive, or developmental endpoints. The resultant NOAEL was 1,500 mg/ kg/ day.

IV. Conclusion for the Nitrate Compounds Category Substantial literature data were available for the fertilizer materials comprising the nitrate compounds category. The exceptions were nitrogen solutions ( UAN) and potassium sodium 5 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 nitrate for which no specific data were available. However, UAN is an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and urea while potassium sodium nitrate is a simple blend of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate. Extensive data are available for those base materials and are therefore applicable for characterization of the mixtures. In addition, aquatic and mammalian acute studies were conducted under GLP conditions to provide specific information on UAN and potassium sodium nitrate. Additional studies were also conducted under GLP conditions on ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate to further characterize these key materials in the category. The existing data, and the results from the additional studies, adequately characterize the nitrate compounds category. 6 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 TABLE 1: CATEGORIES FOR PRODUCT TESTING PROJECT CATEGORY COMPOUND CAS NUMBER Ammonia Compounds Anhydrous ammonia Aqua ammonia Ammonium nitrate Ammonium sulfate Ammonium thiosulfate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN) Ammonium phosphate sulfate Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Urea 7664 41 7 1336 21 6 6484 52 2 7783 20 2 7783 18 8 15978 77 5 12593 60 1 7783 28 0 7722 76 1 57 13 6 Nitrate Compounds Sodium nitrate Ammonium nitrate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Nitrogen solutions ( UAN) 7631 99 4 6484 52 2 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 15978 77 5 Phosphate Compounds Diammonium phosphate ( DAP) Monoammonium phosphate ( MAP) Liquid polyphosphate Single superphosphate** Granular triple superphosphate** 7783 28 0 7722 76 1  8011 76 5 65996 95 4 Salts Potassium chloride Potassium magnesium sulfate Potassium nitrate Potassium sodium nitrate Potassium sulfate Calcium sulfate 7447 40 7 14168 73 1 7757 79 1 7757 79 1/ 7631 99 4 7778 80 5 7778 18 9 Acids Phosphoric acid Nitric acid Sulfuric acid 7664 38 2 7697 37 2 7664 93 9 * = Nitrogen solutions are primarily Urea Ammonia Nitrogen ( UAN; 15978 77 5) ** = Single superphosphate and granular triple superphosphate are combined into a single health and environmental safety data summary document.  = No CAS number readily available 7 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 V. REFERENCES CITED 40 CFR 156.62. Toxicity Category.

Al Dabbagh, S., Forman, D., Bryson, D., Stratton, I. and Doll, R. 1986. Mortality of nitrate fertilizer workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 43: 507 515.

Burden, E. H. W. J. 1961. The toxicology of nitrates and nitrites with particular reference to the potability of water supplies. The Analyst. 86( 1024): 429 433.

Chow, C. K., Chen, C. J. and Gairola, C. 1980. Effect of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in rats. Toxicology Letters. 6: 199 206.

Forman, D., Al Dabbagh, S. and Doll, R. 1985. Nitrates, nitrites and gastric cancer in Great Britain. Nature. 313( 6004): 620 625.

Leclerc, H., Vincent, P. and Vandevenne, P. 1991. Nitrates in drinking water and cancer. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 175( 4): 651 666.

L'hirondel, J., L'hirondel, J. L. 1998. Nitrates and Man: The Myth of Their Toxicity.

Lijinsky, W. and Epstein, S. S. 1970. Nitrosamines as environmental carcinogens. Nature 225( 227): 21 23.

Lijinsky, W. 1989. Environmental cancer risks   real and unreal. Environmental Research 50: 207 209.

Magee, P. N. and Barnes, J. M. 1967. Carcinogenic nitroso compounds. Adv. Cancer Res. 10: 163 264.

OECD. 1997. SIDS Manual. OECD Secretariat, 3rd Revision, July 1997.

Owens, F. N. and Dubeski, P. 1989. Nitrate toxicity in ruminants. ASAS Production & Management Symposium.

Rubin, A. J. and Elmaraghy, G. A. 1977. Studies on the toxicity of ammonia, nitrate and their mixtures to guppy fry. Water Research 11: 927 935.

USEPA. 1999. Development of Chemical Categories in the HPV Challenge Program. www. epa. gove/ chemrtk/ catdoc29. pdf. 8 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 SIDS DATA PROFILE Date: January 27, 2003 1.01 A. CAS No. 6484 52 2 1.01 C. CHEMICAL NAME ( OECD NAME) Ammonium nitrate 1.01 D CAS DESCRIPTOR Ammonium nitrate 1.01 G STRUCTURAL FORMULA NH4NO3 OTHER CHEMICAL IDENTITY INFORMATION N/ A 1.5 QUANTITY More than 1 million tonnes per annum in the EU; 8.4 million short tons produced in the U. S. in 1993. 1.7 USE PATTERN Ammonium nitrate is used as a fertilizer either as straight material or in combination with calcium carbonate, limestone, or dolomite. It is also a principal ingredient of most liquid nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate may also be mixed with fuel oil as an industrial explosive. It may also be used as an herbicide, insecticide, propellant oxidizer, and in hair dyes, tints, and colorings. 1.9 SOURCES AND LEVELS OF EXPOSURE Low human exposure is expected because ammonium nitrate is manufactured in closed systems. Exposure to dusts and direct contact with the liquid is possible during fertilizer application. ISSUES FOR DISCUSSION The data for ammonium nitrate should be evaluated in combination with the other materials in the nitrate category. Data from the ammonia category, in particular for ammonia and aqua ammonia, may also provide information helpful for evaluation of ammonium nitrate. 9 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 SIDS DATA SUMMARY Date: January 27, 2003 AMMONIUM NITRATE ( CAS NO. 6484 52 2) SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 169.6 ° C 2.2 Boiling Point 210 ° C 2.3 Density 1.725 g/ mL at 25oC 2.4 Vapor Pressure 15 hPa at 20 ° C 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient OECD 107  3.1 at 25 ° C 2.6A Water Solubility 1,920 g/ L at 20 ° C 2.6B pH value 5.43 in aqueous solution 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties May explode under high temperature or strong shocks 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Strong oxidizer 2.12 Oxidation: Reduction Potential See Appendix B results* 2.13A Additional data See text ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Does not photodegrade 3.1.2 Stability in Water Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Binds to clay particles 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated, Fugacity Level III 0.251% to air 45.4% to water 54.2% to soil 0.0757% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation Readily biodegraded 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute Toxicity to Fish Cyprinus carpio L.

Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, bluegill 48 hrs 96 hrs LC50 = 1.15   1.72 mg unionized NH3/ L LC50 = 420   1360 mg NO3/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna EC50 = 555 mg/ L 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Scenedesmus quadricauda EC50 = 83 mg/ L 4.4 Toxicity to Bacteria See Appendix B results* 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish See Appendix B results* 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Bullia digitalis Up to 7 days NOEC = 300 ppm 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants See text 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species See Appendix B results*

* See Appendix B results for data on other chemicals in the nitrate category. 10 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 AMMONIUM NITRATE ( CAS NO. 6484 52 2) SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat Rat Rat Rat OECD 401 OECD 401 OECD 401 LD50 = 2800 mg/ kg bw LD50 = 2462 mg/ kg bw LD50 = 2950 mg/ kg bw LD50 = 4500 mg/ kg 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Toxicity Rat 4 hrs LC50 > 88.8 mg/ L 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat LD50 > 5000 mg/ kg 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity, Other Routes White rat Injected; 3 hrs Minimum lethal dose = 0.065 mg NH4NO3 N 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/ Corrosion Rabbit Rabbit Moderately irritating Not irritating 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/ Corrosion See Appendix B results* 5.3 Skin Sensitization See Appendix B results* 5.4 Repeated Dose Toxicity Rat Rat Inhalation; 2 weeks Inhalation; 4 weeks NOAEL = 185 mg/ m3 NOAEL = 1 mg/ m3 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutation assay Negative 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo See Appendix B results* 5.7 Carcinogenicity See Appendix B results* 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction See Appendix B results* 5.9 Developmental Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat NOAEL > 57 mg/ kg/ day 5.10 Additional Information No sensory irritation 5.11 Human Experience See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 * See Appendix B results for data on other chemicals in the nitrate category. 11 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 1. GENERAL INFORMATION 1.01 SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. CAS number 6484 52 2 B. Name ( IUPAC name) Ammonium nitrate C. Name ( OECD name) Ammonium nitrate D. CAS Descriptor Ammonium nitrate E. EINECS Number 229 347 8 F. Molecular Formula H4N2O3 G. Structural Formula NH4NO3 SMILES: N( H)( H)( H)( H) O( N(= O)= O)

H. Substance Group Not applicable I. Substance Remark None J. Molecular Weight 80.04 1.02 OECD INFORMATION A. Sponsor Country Not applicable B. Lead Organization Not applicable C. Name of Responder Name: Mr. William C. Herz, Director of Scientific Programs Address/ Phones: The Fertilizer Institute Union Center Plaza 820 First Street, NE, Suite 430 Washington, DC 20002 USA Tel: ( 202) 962 0490 Fax: ( 202) 962 0577 12 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 1.1 GENERAL SUBSTANCE INFORMATION A. Type of Substance element [ ]; inorganic [ X ]; natural substance [ ]; organic [ ]; organometallic [ ]; petroleum product [ ]

B. Physical State ( at 20 ° C and 1.013 hPa)

gaseous [ ]; liquid [ ]; solid [ X]

C. Purity Fertilizer grade: 95 99% ( 33 35% N) Explosive grade: 95 97% Reference: Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

1.2 SYNONYMS Nitric acid, ammonium salt Nitram German saltpeter Norwegian saltpeter Emulite Nitric acid monoammonium salt Varioform I Plenco 12203 1.3 IMPURITIES None identified 1.4 ADDITIVES None identified 1.5 QUANTITY Remarks: More than 1 million tonnes per annum in the EU 8.4 million short tons produced in the US in 1993 References: 1) Chemical and Engineering News 72( 15): 13. 1994. 2) European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition. 13 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 1.6 LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION DOT Labeling Hazard Class: 5.1 Labels Required: None ( UN 1942) References: Sax, I. and Lewis, R. 1994. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

NFPA Rating Health: 2 ( moderate hazard) Fire: 0 ( no hazard) Reactivity: 3 ( serious hazard) Specific: Oxidizer Remarks: Ammonium nitrate is a strong oxidizer. It is capable of undergoing detonation if heated under confinement, or is subjected to very strong shocks. It is incompatible with most inorganic and organic acids, strong alkalis, chloride salts, metals, organic fuels and reducing agents. References: 1) EM Science. 1993. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. 2) Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. 1999. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. No. A6048. 3) NIOSH, IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards (# 0216). Ammonium Nitrate. 4) Sax, I. and Lewis, R. 1994. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

1.7 USE PATTERN A. General Type of Use: Category:

( a) main Wide dispersive use industrial Agricultural industry use Fertilizers ( b) main Non dispersive use industrial Other use Explosives ( c) main Non dispersive use industrial Chemical industry use Herbicides, insecticides, propellant oxidizer, dyes and colorings 14 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Remarks: ( a) Ammonium nitrate can be used either as a straight material or in combination with calcium carbonate, limestone, or dolomite. It is also a principal ingredient of most liquid nitrogen fertilizers. ( b) The extensive use of ammonium nitrate in ammonium nitrate fuel oil ( ANFO) and water based commercial explosives has revolutionized the industry and displaced the nitroglycerin based dynamites. Reference: 1) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario. 2) European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition. 3) Hazardous Substances Data Bank ( HSDB). 1999. Ammonium Nitrate. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 4) United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO) and International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC). 1998. Fertilizer Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

B. Uses in Consumer Products Remarks: Limited use in hair dyes, tints, and colorings 1.8 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT VALUE Exposure limit value Type: OSHA PEL Value: 15 mg/ m3 total dust; 5 mg/ m3 respirable fraction. Remark: No specific limit has been set, however, the federal OSHA PEL for particulates not otherwise regulated applies to all fertilizer dusts. Regulated limits may vary in local jurisdictions.

Short term exposure limit value Remarks: No TLV has been established Reference: 1) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario. 2) European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition.

1.9 SOURCES OF EXPOSURE Remarks: Ammonium nitrate can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion, although 15 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 significant human and environmental exposures during manufacture are unlikely if the process is well managed. Engineering controls such as mechanical ventilation, process or personnel enclosure, control of process conditions, and process modifications significantly reduce exposure. Local exhaust ( ventilation) control as close to the point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne concentrations. Personal protective equipment includes neoprene or nitrile gloves, dust masks or fume hoods as appropriate, chemical safety goggles, and impervious apron, sleeves and boots. Field exposure to workers is possible when handling and using on farms as a fertilizer. However, fertilizers are applied by mechanical spreaders, which reduces contact exposure. Environmental releases are controlled at the manufacturing plant. Gaseous emissions are low due to use of scrubbers and liquid effluent is recovered as much as possible. Exposure to environmental receptors is dependent on the amount used as fertilizer on fields, the climatic conditions, and the hydrological conditions of the area of application. Nitrate materials are common in the environment and are essential nutrients for both plants and animals. References: 1) EM Science. 1993. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. 2) European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition. 3) Hazardous Substances Data Bank ( HSDB). 1999. Ammonium Nitrate. HSN No. 475 National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 4) Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. 1999. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. No. A6048. 5) NIOSH, IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards. (# 0216). Ammonium Nitrate. 6) United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO) and International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC). 1998. Fertilizer Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

1.10 ADDITIONAL REMARKS A. Options for disposal Remarks: Agricultural grade material. Recover or reclaim spilled material if possible and recycle through use as fertilizer. References: 1) HSDB. Ammonium Nitrate. HSN 475. 16 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 2) OHMTADS. Ammonium Nitrate. Accession Number 7216588.

2. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 MELTING POINT Value: 169.6 ° C Decomposition: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Sublimation: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ ] Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: 1) Lide, D. R. 1992. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boston: CRC Press. pp. 4 44. 2) Sax, I. and Lewis, R. 1994. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

2.2 BOILING POINT Value: 210 ° C Pressure: 0.015 atm Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Note that the pressure at which this study was conducted is atypical of standard conditions. References: 1) Lide, D. R. 1992. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boston: CRC Press. pp. 4 44. 2) Sax, I. and Lewis, R. 1994. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

2.3 DENSITY ( Relative Density)

Type: Bulk density [ ]; Density [ ]; Relative Density [ X] Value: 1.725 g/ mL Temperature: 25 ° C Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: 1) Lide, D. R. 1992. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boston: CRC Press. P. 4 44. 2) Sax, I. and Lewis, R. 1994. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 17 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 2.4 VAPOR PRESSURE Value: 8.5, 15, 25, and 3.9 hPa Temperature: 10, 20, 30, and 40 ° C, respectively Method: Calculated [ ]; Measured [ X] GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Remarks: Results are the vapor pressures of saturated solutions at each temperature. References: Grayson, M. ( Exec. Ed.). 1978. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed. Volume 2. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

2.5 PARTITION COEFFICIENT logPow ( a) Log Pow:  3.1 Temperature: 25 ° C Method: Calculated [ ]; Measured [ X] GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Remarks: OECD Guideline 107 was performed at pH 6. References: BASF AG, Analytical laboratory; unpublished study. ( BRU 92.282 on 12.05.1992) ( cited in European Commission 2000).

2.6 WATER SOLUBILITY A. Solubility Value: 1,180 g/ L; 1,920 g/ L; 3,400 g/ L; 8,700 g/ L Temperature: 0 ° C; 20 ° C; 50 ° C; 100 ° C Description: Miscible [ ]; Of very high solubility [ X]; Of high solubility [ ]; Soluble [ ]; Slightly soluble [ ] Of low solubility [ ]; Of very low solubility [ ]; Not soluble [ ] Method: Not specified GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ ] Remarks: Soluble in ammonia; insoluble in ether. References: 1) BASF AG, Sicherheitsdatenblatt Ammonsulfat 21 % N grobkristallin. ( 18.08.1993). ( cited in European Commission 2000). 2) Lide, D. R. 1992. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boston: CRC Press. 3) NIOSH, IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards. (# 0216). Ammonium Nitrate. 18 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 B. pH Value pH Value: 5.43 Concentration: 0.1M solution Temperature: 25 ° C Method: Not Stated GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] References: 1) Budavari, S. ( ed.). Merck Index. 12th ed. 1996. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories. 2) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

2.7 FLASH POINT ( liquids)

Remarks: Not applicable 2.8 AUTO FLAMMABILITY ( solid/ gases)

Remarks: Ammonium nitrate is not combustible, but is a strong oxidizer and its heat of reaction with reducing agents or combustibles may cause ignition. References: 1) EM Science. 1993. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. 2) Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. 1999. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. No. A6048.

2.9 FLAMMABILITY Results: Extremely flammable [ ]; Extremely flammable   liquified gas [ ]; Highly flammable [ ]; Flammable [ ]; Non flammable [ X]; Spontaneously flammable in air [ ]; Contact with water liberates highly flammable gases [ ]; Other [ ] Remarks: According to the National Fire Protection Agency ( NFPA), ammonium nitrate has a flammability of 0, which includes any material that will not burn. References: 1) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario. 2) National Fire Protection Agency ( NFPA). 1991. Fire Protection Guide For Hazardous Materials. 10th ed. 19 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 2.10 EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES Remarks: Ammonium nitrate is capable of undergoing detonation if heated under confinement, or is subjected to very strong shocks. This decomposition may take place in at least two widely divergent manners with the formation of different products. The first reaction NH 4 NO3   N2O + 2H2O occurs when ammonium nitrate is heated to temperatures from 200 to 260 ° C can be carried out safely and is the basis for commercial preparation of nitrous oxide. The second reaction 2NH 4 NO3   2N2 + 4H2O + O2 takes place with great rapidity and violence and occurs when it is used as an ingredient in commercial blasting mixtures. However, ammonium nitrate fertilizers are specially made in the form of high density prills or granules of low porosity and high purity to minimize any detonation risk. This material is very resistant to detonation. References: Grayson, M. ( exec. ed.). 1978. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed. Volume 2. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Additional information as cited in European Commission 2000.

2.11 OXIDIZING PROPERTIES Results: Ammonium Nitrate is a strong oxidizer References: United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO) and International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC). 1998. Fertilizer Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

2.12 OXIDATION: REDUCTION POTENTIAL Remarks: No data available 2.13 ADDITIONAL DATA Remarks: Ammonium nitrate is stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. It is hygroscopic, which means it easily absorbs moisture from the air. It can emit nitrous oxides when heated to decomposition and it liberates ammonia to air upon reaction with strong alkalis. Hazardous polymerization will not occur. 20 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Conditions to avoid when working with ammonium nitrate include heat, flame, ignition sources, dusting and incompatibles, moisture and combustible materials sensitive to extreme shock. References: NIOSH, IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards. (# 0216). Ammonium Nitrate.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND PATHWAYS 3.1 STABILITY 3.1.1 PHOTODEGRADATION Remarks: Photodegradation is not significant dissipation mechanism. Ammonium nitrate is miscible in water and nonvolatile. References: Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

3.1.2 STABILITY IN WATER Remarks: Ammonium nitrate is miscible in water and stable to hydrolytic degradation. References: Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

3.1.3 STABILITY IN SOIL Remarks: There is extensive literature on nitrification and denitrification by microorganisms in soil. Ammonium ions bind to clay particles and leach slowly or not at all to ground water, whereas the nitrate can leach significantly. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition. 21 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 3.2 MONITORING DATA ( ENVIRONMENTAL)

( a) Type of measurement: Background [ X]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [ ] Media: Groundwater Remarks: Ammonium concentration varies between 0.01 to 10 mg N/ L. Nitrate concentration varies between 0.3 and 100 mg N/ L. It is generally below 50 mg/ L for drinking water. References: Country wide monitoring network groundwater quality, sampling data 1989, Province of Gelderland RIVM, The Netherlands, 1990. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

( b) Type of measurement: Background [ X]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [ ] Media: Surface Water ( Rhine River at Lobith) Remarks: Ammonium nitrate dissociates into ammonium and nitrate ions. The average ammonium concentration from October through December 1986 in the Rhine River is 0.73 mg N/ L. The average nitrate concentration from October through December 1986 in the Rhine River is 5 mg N/ L. Reference: Quality survey in governmental surface water, monitoring data of October December 1986. Rijkswaterstaat RIZA, 1986. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

( c) Type of measurement: Background [ X]; At contaminated site [ ]; Other [ ] Media: Biota Remarks: Both ammonium and nitrate serve as nutrients for primary producers like algae, aquatic and terrestrial plants, etc. Reference: DSM Meststoffen BV Sittard; Metallgesellschaft AG Frankfurt A. M. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

3.2 TRANSPORT AND DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS INCLUDING ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION PATHWAYS 3.3.1 TRANSPORT ( a) Type of measurement: Adsorption [ ]; Desorption [ ]; Volatility [ X]; Other [ ] Media: Soil to air Method: Three field plots in Mainz, Germany ( each approximately 2000 cm2) were fertilized with NaNO3, 22 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 NH4Cl or NH4NO3 ( commercial fertilizer containing 26% N) which were dissolved in water. They were applied at a rate of 100 kg N/ ha. A fourth plot was left untreated as a control. The N2O evolution rates were measured at approximately 48 hour intervals for the first 16 days and less frequently thereafter. Each field plot was covered with a 30 L glass box for a period of 3 5 hours and the increase of N2O mixing ratio as a function of time was measured by taking small air samples with syringes. Results: The net loss was equivalent to 0.1% of the applied fertilizer for ammonium chloride, 0.05% for ammonium nitrate and 0.01% for sodium nitrate. The worldwide total immediate loss of nitrous oxide nitrogen after application of mineral fertilizer is estimated to be 0.004   1.2 Tg/ y. Remarks: The immediate loss ( biochemical and microbiological) of fertilizer nitrogen as nitrous oxide ( N2O) into the atmosphere was determined by in situ measurements of the nitrous oxide evolution rates from uncultivated Eolian sand. References: Conrad, R. and Seiler, W. 1980. Field measurements of the loss of fertilizer nitrogen into the atmosphere as nitrous oxide. Atmospheric Environment. 14: 555 558.

( b) Remarks: Nitrate is not bound to the soil and will follow water movements. Nitrate can therefore leach when the soil receives more water than it can take up. This happens ( in Europe) mainly in the late autumn, winter, and early spring. There exist a lot of studies on the environmental impact of NO3 and NH4 +/ NH3. References: ECETOC Technical Report No. 27. 1988. Nitrate and Drinking Water. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

3.3.2 THEORETICAL DISTRIBUTION ( FUGACITY CALCULATION)

Method: Fugacity Level III ( Mackay type) Mass Distribution by Environmental Compartment: Air 0.251% Water 45.4% Soil 54.2% Sediment 0.0757% References: USEPA. 2000. EPISUITE Estimation Program V. 3.10. US Environmental Protection Agency.

3.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAIN MODE OF DEGRADABILITY IN ACTUAL USE 23 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Remarks: Nitrate is converted to nitrogen via denitrification ( NO3

  NO2) and ammonium is converted to nitrate via nitrification ( NH4 +  NO3 ) during actual use as fertilizer in soil. At the same time 0   2% N2O ( as N) can be formed. References: European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition.

3.5 BIODEGRADATION ( a) Type: Aerobic [ X]; Anaerobic [ X] Medium: Water [ ]; Water sediment [ ]; Soil [ ]; Sewage treatment [ X] Remarks: In the aerobic transformation of ammonium, one group of bacteria oxidizes ammonium to nitrite while another group oxidizes nitrite to nitrate. The average biodegradation rate in a wastewater plant at 20oC is 52 g N/ kg dissolved solid/ day. Nitrate degradation is fastest in anaerobic conditions. In the anaerobic transformation of nitrate into N2, N2O, and NH3, the biodegradation rate in a wastewater plant at 20oC is 70 g N/ kg dissolved solid/ day. References: 1) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario. 2) Schlegel, S. 1983. Nitrifikation and Denitrifikation in einstufigen Belebungsanlagen: Betriebsergebnisse der Klaeranlage Lueding/ Hausen. GWF. Wasser/ Abwasser. 124( 9): 428 434. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

3.6 BOD5, COD OR RATIO BOD5/ COD No data available.

3.7 BIOACCUMULATION Remarks: Does not bioaccumulate.

4. ECOTOXICITY 24 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 4.1 ACUTE/ PROLONGED TOXICITY TO FISH ( a) Type of test: Static [ ]; Semi static [ X]; Flow through [ ]; Other ( e. g. field test) [ ] Open system [ X]; Closed system [ ] Species: Cyprinus carpio L. ( Common carp) Exposure period: 48 hr Results: NH4Cl LC50 mean range = 1.60 1.96 mg un ionized NH3/ L ( mean pH 7.8, mean range 12.9 13.7oC) ( 103 109 mg total ammonia/ L) NH4NO3 LC50 mean range = 1.15 1.72 mg un ionized NH3/ L ( mean pH 7.6 7.8, mean range12.1 13.5oC) ( 95 102 mg total ammonia/ L) NH4OH LC50 mean range = 1.34 1.70 mg un ionized NH3/ L ( mean pH 9.1, mean range 12.8 13.0 oC) ( 6.9 7.6 mg total ammonia/ L) CH3COONH4 LC50 mean range = 0.89 mg un ionized NH3/ L ( mean pH 1.7, mean range 16.0 oC) ( 72 mg total ammonia/ L) ( NH1) 2S LC50 = 1.46 mg un ionized NH3/ L ( mean pH 9.2, 10.4 oC) ( 6.6 mg total ammonia/ L) Analytical monitoring: Yes [ X]; No [ ]; ? [ ] Method: The tests were semi static with the solutions replaced every 24 h. Fish were acclimated to aquarium conditions for 10 14 days prior to test initiation. Fish received no food during the acclimation and exposure. Eight or 12 fish were exposed to each concentration. Eight experimental series were carried out, each comprised of 5 7 ammonia concentrations and a control group. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium chloride ( NH4Cl), ammonium nitrate ( NH4NO3), ammonium water ( NH4OH), ammonium acetate ( CH3COOHN4), and ammonium sulphide ( NH1) 2S). Remarks: Much lower values of LC50 of total ammonia were obtained when toxic agents consisted of ammonia water and ammonia sulphide as compared to ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate. Ammonia toxicity increased with higher pH and lowered with increasing temperature. The test with ammonium acetate was conducted at a higher temperature than the others, which may explain the lower LC50. References: Dabrowski, H. and Skira, H. 1986. Acute toxicity of ammonia to common carp ( Cyprinus carpio l.). Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 33( 1): 121 128. ( b) Type of test: Static [ X]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ] Open system [ X]; Closed system [ ] 25 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Species: Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, bluegill Exposure period: 96 hrs Results: LC50 values ranged from 420 to 1360 mg NO3/ L for the different species. Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [ X] GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Ammonium nitrate Remarks: Data as reported in Environment Canada 1984, which cites the USEPA Quality Criteria for Water ( 1976). No further information on test methods, substance tested, etc. are provided. Seven day LC50 results were listed as 1060 and 1080 mg NO3/ L for rainbow trout and chinook salmon, respectively. Additional data from the same source indicate LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.6 mg NO3/ L for various species and test durations. All LC50 values are reported " as nitrate" but no explanation is provided for the disparity of the results. References: 1) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario. 2) USEPA. 1976. Quality Criteria for Water. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.

4.2 ACUTE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES A. Daphnia Type of test: Not specified Species: Daphnia magna Exposure period: Not specified Results: EC50 = 555 mg/ L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [ X] Method: Not specified. 1982 GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Reliability uncertain due to lack of information about test methods, etc. References: Trenel, J. and Kuehn, R. 1982. Forschungsbericht, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, cited in KBWS   Datenblatt No. 6 ( cited in European Commission 2000).

B. Other aquatic organisms Remarks: No data on other aquatic organisms available.

4.3 TOXICITY TO AQUATIC PLANTS, e. g. algae 26 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Species: Scenedesmus quadricauda ( green algae) Endpoint: Biomass [ ]; Growth rate [ X]; Other [ ] Exposure Period: Not specified Results: EC50 = 83 mg/ L Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; ? [ X] Method: Not specified. 1982. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Reliability uncertain due to lack of information about test methods, etc. References: Trenel, J. and Kuehn, R. 1982. Forschungsbericht, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, cited in KBWS   Datenblatt No. 6 ( cited in European Commission 2000).

4.4 TOXICITY TO BACTERIA No data available.

4.5 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS 4.5.1 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO FISH No data available.

4.5.2 CHRONIC TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES Type of test: Static [ X]; Semi static [ ]; Flow through [ ]; Other ( e. g. field test) [ ] Open system [ ]; Closed system [ ] Species: Bullia digitalis ( prosobranch gastropod) Endpoint: Mortality [ ]; Reproduction rate [ ]; Other [ X] Paralysis Exposure period: up to seven days Results: NOEC = 300 ppm Analytical monitoring: Yes [ ]; No [ X]; ? [ ] Method: B. digitalis were field collected from Melkbosstrand, just north of Table Bay in South Africa. The snails were maintained in tanks of aerated seawater over a sandy substratum at 12.5 ± 0.5oC. Large adult individuals were subjected to a series of concentrations of ammonium nitrate ( 0, 25, 50, 100, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500 ppm) made up in seawater collected from the same site as the animals. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ X] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium nitrate 27 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Remarks: No mortality occurred even at the highest concentration ( 1500 ppm) during the 7 day study period. No significant treatment related effects were observed below 300 ppm, although animals at concentrations between 100 and 300 ppm showed slight transient signs of stress from which they recovered spontaneously within 3 days. At between 300 and 400 ppm, most individuals showed signs of stress within 6 hours and many eventually became paralyzed. At concentrations of 500 ppm and higher, the paralysis was more marked and permanent, with the time to onset decreasing as concentration increased. References: Brown, A. C. and Currie, A. B. 1973. Tolerance of Bullia digitalis ( Prosobranchiata) to solutions of ammonium nitrate in natural seawater. So. Afr. Journ. Sci. 69: 219 220.

4.6 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS 4.6.1 TOXICITY TO SOIL DWELLING ORGANISMS No data available 4.6.2 TOXICITY TO TERRESTRIAL PLANTS Remarks: Nitrate absorbed by plants is reduced to nitrite by the enzyme nitrate reductase. This enzyme is found in plants, certain bacterial species, and mammalian gastric tissues. The nitrite will be further reduced only when photosynthesis and carbohydrate synthesis are active. Under drought conditions, frost and shading, or deficiencies of other nutrients, each of which reduce photosynthesis and biosynthesis of protein, nitrate continues to be absorbed and may accumulate in plant tissue. References: Owens, F. N. and Dubeski, P. 1989. Nitrate toxicity in ruminants. ASAS Production & Management Symposium.

4.6.3 TOXICITY TO OTHER NON MAMMALIAN TERRESTRIAL SPECIES ( INCLUDING AVIAN)

No data available.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS MONITORING ( INCLUDING BIOMAGNIFICATION) Ammonium nitrate provides nutrients to animals and plants and does not biomagnify. 28 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 4.8 BIOTRANSFORMATION AND KINETICS The transformation of nitrate compounds is well known.

5. TOXICITY Remarks: Nitrate is reduced to nitrite by the enzyme nitrate reductase. This enzyme is found in plants, certain bacterial species, and mammalian gastric tissues. After ingestion, nitrates are reduced to nitrites by bacteria in the lower intestine of the adult. However, in babies, which have a physiological gastric achlorhydria ( lack of HCl in the stomach), the reduction occurs in the stomach and duodenum from which the nitrites are readily absorbed into the blood stream. Furthermore, methemoglobin reductase ( NADH cytochrome b5 reductase) in infants has not yet reached full activity. After absorption, nitrites convert oxyhemoglobin into methemoglobin and thus interfere with oxygen transport in the blood, resulting in methemoglobineamia (" blue baby syndrome"). Nitrites can also cause vasodilation, which, like methemoglobineamia, is dose related. In addition to methemoglobinemia, increasing evidence indicates a possible formation of N nitroso compounds in foods and in tissues that contain excess nitrates/ nitrites. N nitroso compounds are known to be potent mutagens/ carcinogens. However, the quantities of nitrosamines formed in the organism from nitrates in food are negligible; 500,000 times less than the no effect dose. All of the epidemiological studies published since 1985, 18 in all, concluded that there is no positive correlation between nitrate intakes and the incidence of cancer. In fact, some evidence suggests that nitrates in foods may actually play an anti carcinogenic role. References: 1) Al Dabbagh, S., Forman, D., Bryson, D., Stratton, I., Doll, R. 1986. Mortality of nitrate fertilizer workers. Br. J. Ind. Med. 43( 8): 507 515. 2) Burden, E. H. 1961. The toxicology of nitrates and nitrites with particular reference to the potability of water supplies. The Analyst 86( 1024): 429 433. 3) Challoner, K. R. and McCarron, M. M. 1988. Ammonium nitrate cold pack ingestion. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 6: 289 293. 4) Chow, C. K., Chen, C. J., and Gairola, C. 1980. Effect of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in rats. Toxicology Letters 6: 199 206. 5) Forman, D., Al Dabbagh, S., and Doll, R. 1985. Nitrates, nitrites and gastric cancer in Great Britain. Nature 313( 6004): 620 625. 29 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 6) Inui, N., Nishi, Y., Taketomi, M., Mori, M. 1979. Transplacental action of sodium nitrite in embryonic cells of Syrian golden hamster. Mutation Research 66: 149 158. 7) L'hirondel, J., L'hirondel, J. L. Nitrates and Man: The Myth of Their Toxicity. 8) Leclerc, H., Vincent, P., Vandevenne, P. 1991. Nitrates in drinking water and cancer. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 175( 4): 651 666. 9) Lijinsky, W. and Epstein, S. S. 1970. Nitrosamines as environmental carcinogens. Nature 225( 227): 21 23. 10) Maekawa, A., Ogui, T., Onodera, H., Furuta, K., Matsuoka, C., Ohno, Y., and Odashima, S. 1982. Carcinogenicity studies of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate in F 344 rats. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 20: 25 33. 11) Magee, P. N. and Barnes, J. M. Carcinogenic nitroso compounds. Adv. Cancer Res. 10: 163 264. 12) Owens, F. N. and Dubeski, P. 1989. Nitrate toxicity in ruminants. ASAS Production & Management Symposium.

5.1 ACUTE TOXICITY 5.1.1 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY ( a) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X ]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat ( strain and sex not specified) Value: LD50 = 2800 mg/ kg bw Method: OECD Guideline 401 " Acute Oral Toxicity". 1981. GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Appears to be a valid study, but very few details were reported. References: Huntingdon Research Center Report No. 815380/ LZA22/ AC prepared for Lonza Ltd., Basel, CH. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

( b) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat ( strain and sex not specified) Value: LD50 = 2462 mg/ kg bw Method: OECD Guideline 401 " Acute Oral Toxicity". 1981. GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Appears to be a valid study, but very few details were reported. References: RCC Report Project No. 004217 prepared for Lonza Ltd., Basel, CH. ( cited in European Commission 2000). 30 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 ( c) Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat ( strain and sex not specified) Value: LD50 = 2950 mg/ kg bw Method: OECD Guideline 401 " Acute Oral Toxicity". 1981. GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Appears to be a valid study, but very few details were reported. Reference: Hazleton Report No. 2830 733/ 121 prepared for Lonza Ltd., Basel, CH. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

( d) Remarks: Environment Canada reports a rat oral LD50 value of 4,500 mg/ kg, citing the AAR Hazardous Materials Database ( BDM 1981) as the original source. No further information was provided. Reference: 1) BDM Corporation. 1981. The AAR Hazardous Materials Database. Proposed for the Association of American Railroads, Parts I & II, Mclean, VA. May 1981. 2) Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

5.1.2 ACUTE INHALATION TOXICITY Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ X]; LCL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Rat ( strain and sex not specified) Exposure time: 4 hours Value: LC50 > 88.8 mg/ L Method: Not specified, 1985. GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: NITRAM (> 99% Ammonium nitrate) Remarks: No significant toxicological effects were observed. This appears to be a valid study, but very few details were reported. References: ICI International Data Report No. CTL/ T/ 2466 ( 1985) NITRAM: 4 hour acute inhalation toxicity in the rat ( cited in European Commission 2000). 31 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 5.1.3 ACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY Type: LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ X ]; LDL0 [ ]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: Sprague Dawley rat, albino Value: > 5,000 mg/ kg Method: OECD 402, 1987. Limit test ( 5 males/ 5 females). The test material was applied to the shaved intact skin on the backs of each animal and covered with a gauge pad. After 24 hours, the pad was removed and the skin gently rinsed with water. GLP: Yes [ X ] No [ ] ?[ ] Test substance: Ammonium nitrate ( white granules) Remarks: Prior to application, the test substance was ground in a coffee mill and moistened to achieve a dry paste by preparing a 90% w/ w mixture. All animals survived, gained weight and appeared active and healthy throughout the test. No signs of toxicity were observed. References: Merkel, D. J. 2000. Acute dermal toxicity study in ratslimit test. Product Safety Labs study number 9741.

5.1.4 ACUTE TOXICITY BY OTHER ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION Type: LC0 [ ]; LC100 [ ]; LC50 [ ]; LCL0 [ ]; LD0 [ ]; LD100 [ ]; LD50 [ ]; LDL0 [ X]; Other [ ] Species/ strain: White rat Route of Administration: i. m. [ ]; i. p. [ ]; i. v. [ ]; Infusion [ ]; s. c. [ ]; Other [ X] injected Exposure period: 3 hours Value: Minimum lethal dose = 6.80 mL ( NH4) 2CrO4; ( 0.072 mg ( NH4) 2CrO4 N) Minimum lethal dose = 6.74 mL NH4CL; ( 0.072 mg NH4Cl N) Minimum lethal dose = 6.21 mL ( NH4) 2HPO4; ( 0.061 mg ( NH4) 2HPO4 N) Minimum lethal dose = 5.60 mL No. 2 NH4( H) CO3;( 0.055 mg No. 2 NH4( H) CO3 N) Minimum lethal dose = 6.75 mL NH4NO3; ( 0.065 mg NH4NO3 N) Minimum lethal dose = 10.00 mL ( NH4) 2SO4; ( 0.094 mg ( NH4) 2SO4 N) Minimum lethal dose = 7.87 mL No. 1 NH4HCO3; ( 0.073 mg No. 1 NH4HCO3 N) Minimum lethal dose = 6.20 mL NH4Br; ( 0.055 mg NH4Br N) Minimum lethal dose = 6.30 mL ( NH4) 2CO3 + caramide; ( 0.055 mg ( NH4) 2CO3 + carbamide N) Minimum lethal dose = 4.80 mL ( NH4) 3PO4 neutral; ( 0.0384 mg ( NH4) 3PO4 neutral N) Minimum lethal dose = 7.56 mL ( H2) NH4PO4; ( 0.05708 mg ( H2) NH4PO4 N) 32 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Minimum lethal dose = 6.00 mL NH4I Minimum lethal dose = 7.40 mL NH4CrO4 Method: All salts ( ammonium oxalate, carbonate, chromate, chloride, nitrate, citrate, sulfate, tartrate, hydrogen phosphate, acetate, sarcolactate, and lactate) were made to an approximate 5 percent solution and injected into white rats. The nitrogen in the form of NH3 was determined in three 5 percent solutions. Six animals were used for each series. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Various ammonium salts ( ammonium oxalate, carbonate, chromate, chloride, nitrate, citrate, sulfate, tartrate, hydrogen phosphate, acetate, sarcolactate, and lactate) Remarks: Contrary to previous reports by Rachford and Crane ( 1902), the current study demonstrated that the toxicity of ammonium salts to white rats is directly proportional to the amount of un ionized ammonia present ( i. e., rather than on the form of salt used). Note that while this study is old ( 1922), it does provide evidence that the anion of the salt is less important with respect to toxicity than unionized ammonia. References: Underhill, F. P. and Kapsinow, R. 1922. The comparative toxicity of ammonium salts. J. Biol. Chem. 54: 451 457.

5.2 CORROSIVENESS/ IRRITATION 5.2.1 SKIN IRRITATION/ CORROSION ( a) Species/ strain: Rabbit ( strain and sex not specified) Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ X]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ ] Method: Draize test. 1985. GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: > 99% Ammonium nitrate Remarks: The mean erythema and oedema scores were calculated to be 0.1 and 0, respectively, following a single 4 hour application. No erythema was observed in any animal 48 or 72 h following decontamination. Repeated ( 5x) applications of 500 mg of test sample to each rabbit caused only very slight oedema in two of the rabbits and slight erythema in a third rabbit during the application phase. All signs of erythema had disappeared following the final application. 33 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 References: ICI Internal Data Report No. CTL/ L986. 1985. Nitram skin irritation and eye irritation studies ( cited in European Commission 2000).

( b) Species/ strain: Rabbit ( strain and sex not specified) Results: Highly corrosive [ ]; Corrosive [ ]; Highly irritating [ ]; Irritating [ ]; Moderately irritating [ ]; Slightly irritating [ ]; Not irritating [ X] Method: OECD Guideline 404 " Acute Dermal Irritation/ Corrosion". 1983. GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Appears to be a valid study but few details were reported. References: Hazleton Report No. 3479 733/ 166. P0018: A primary skin irritation and corrosivity study in the rabbit. Study prepared for Lonza Ltd., BASEL, CH. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

5.2.2 EYE IRRITATION/ CORROSION No data available.

5.3 SKIN SENSITIZATION No data available.

5.4 REPEATED DOSE TOXICITY ( a) Species/ strain: Rat ( Sprague Dawley) Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ X] Route of Administration: Inhalation Exposure period: 2 weeks Frequency of treatment: 5 hrs/ day; 5 days/ week Post exposure observation period: 3 days Dose: 26 185 mg/ m3 ( part < 5 m = 8.6 68.8 mg/ m3) Control group: Yes [ X]; No [ ]; No Data [ ] NOAEL: 185 mg/ m3 LOAEL: > 185 mg/ m3 Method: Not specified 1978 GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Few details were reported. 34 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 References: KemaMord. 1978. Ammonia nitrate inhalation test on rats. Research Institute of Swedish National Defense ( FOA) and the National Veterinary Institute ( SVA), Stockholm, Sweden ( cited in European Commission 2000).

( b) Species/ strain: Rat ( Sprague Dawley) and Guinea Pig ( Hartley) Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ X]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ ] Route of Administration: Inhalation Exposure period: 4 weeks Frequency of treatment: 6 hrs/ day; 5 days/ week Post exposure observation period: None indicated Dose: 1 mg/ m3 ( mass median aerodynamic diameter 0.6 ) Control group: Yes [ X]; No [ ]; No Data [ ] Concurrent no treatment [ ]; Concurrent vehicle [ ]; Historical [ ] NOAEL: 1 mg/ m3 LOAEL: > 1 mg/ m3 Method: Normal or elastase impaired rats and guinea pigs were exposed to NH4NO3 in air. The flow rate of air through the stainless steel exposure chamber was 0.30 m3/ min, giving the equivalent of seven changes of filtered air per hour. Time weighted average concentrations of aerosol were determined for four 90 minute filter samples taken over the daily 6 hr exposures. GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Ammonium nitrate ( NH4NO3) Remarks: No significant effects on body weight, lung volume, vital capacity, or histologic structure of ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract were observed on either species. References: 1) Busch, R. H., Buschbom, R. L., Cannon, W. C., Lauhala, K. E., Miller, F. J., Graham, J. A., and Smith, L. G. 1986. Effects of ammonium nitrate aerosol exposure on lung structure of normal and elastaseimpaired rats and guinea pigs. Environ. Res. 39: 237 252. 2) Loscutoff, S. M., Cannon, W. C., Buschbom, R. L., Busch, R. H., and Kirkland, B. W. 1985. Pulmonary function in elastase treated guinea pigs and rats exposed to ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate aerosols. Environ. Res. 36: 170 180. 35 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 5.5 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VITRO A. Bacterial Test Type: Bacterial reverse mutation assay System of testing: Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98, TA100 Concentration: 5 mg/ plate Metabolic activation: With [ ]; Without [ ]; With and Without [ X]; No Data [ ] Results: Negative ( No further details provided) Cytotoxicity conc: With metabolic activation: Not stated Without metabolic activation: Not stated Precipitation conc: Not stated Genotoxic effects: + ?  With metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Without metabolic activation: [ ] [ ] [ X] Method: Not specified, 1985 GLP: Yes [ X] No [ ] ? [ ] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: Appears valid, but test details not reported. References: ICI Internal Data Report No. CTL/ L/ 989 ( 1985) ( cited in European Commission 2000).

B. Non bacterial in vitro test No data available.

5.6 GENETIC TOXICITY IN VIVO No data available.

5.7 CARCINOGENICITY Remarks: There has been some evidence that indicates a possible formation of N nitroso compounds in foods and in tissues that contain excess nitrates/ nitrites. N nitroso compounds are known to be potent mutagens/ carcinogens. The bacteria in saliva break down nitrates to harmless nitrous acid. Certain foods such as fish are rich in amine, which reacts with nitrous acid to produce nitrosamines. However, evidence suggests that the quantities of nitrosamines formed in the organism from nitrates in food are negligible; 500,000 times less than the no effect dose. All of the epidemiological studies published since 1985 concluded that there is no positive correlation between nitrate intakes and the incidence of cancer. In fact, some 36 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 evidence suggests that nitrates in foods may actually play an anti carcinogenic role. References 1) Al Dabbagh, S., Forman, D., Bryson, D., Stratton, I. and Doll, R. 1986. Mortality of nitrate fertilizer workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 43: 507 515. 2) Chow, C. K., Chen, C. J. and Gairola, C. 1980. Effect of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in rats. Toxicology Letters. 6: 199 206. 3) Forman, D., Al Dabbagh, S. and Doll, R. 1985. Nitrates, nitrites and gastric cancer in Great Britain. Nature. 313( 6004): 620 625. 4) Leclerc, H., Vincent, P. and Vandevenne, P. 1991. Nitrates in drinking water and cancer. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 175( 4): 651 666. 5) Lijinsky, W. and Epstein, S. S. 1970. Nitrosamines as environmental carcinogens. Nature 225( 227): 21 23. nitroso compounds. Adv. Cancer Res. 10: 163 264. 6) Lijinsky, W. 1989. Environmental cancer risks   real and unreal. Environmental Research 50: 207 209. 7) Magee, P. N. and Barnes, J. M. 1967. Carcinogenic 5.8 TOXICITY TO REPRODUCTION No data available.

5.9 DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY/ TERATOGENICITY Species/ strain: Rat Sex: Female [ ]; Male [ ]; Male/ Female [ ]; No Data [ X] Route of Administration: Oral Duration of the test: during gestation Exposure period: during gestation Frequency of treatment: Not specified Doses: 57 mg/ kg/ day Control group: Yes [ ]; No [ ]; No Data [ X] NOAEL Maternal Toxicity: Not specified NOAEL teratogenicity: > 57 mg/ kg/ day Method: Not specified 1987 GLP: Yes [ ] No [ ] ? [ X] Test substance: Not specified Remarks: The treatment did not cause teratogenic effects. The body weight of the offspring was reduced. Only limited information ( based on an abstract) was available on this Russian study, so a critical evaluation of the results is not possible. 37 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 References: Bairammuradova, M. D. and Korolev, N. V. 1987. Zdravookhr. Turkm. 6: 27 29, cited in CA/ 198/ 033334P ( 1988) ( cited in European Commission 2000).

5.10 OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION Type: Sensory irritation Results: No effects were observed Remarks: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the potency of ammonium nitrate (> 99%) as a sensory irritant. Groups of five male mice were exposed nose only for a single 10 minute period to aerosols of NITRAM at target particulate concentrations of 10 mg/ m3 or 100 mg/ m3. The study appears valid but limited information was available. Reference: ICI Internal Data Report No. CTL/ L/ 2569 ( 1985) NITRAM: Assessment of sensory irritation potential in mice. ( cited in European Commission 2000).

5.11 EXPERIENCE WITH HUMAN EXPOSURE ( a) Results: No significant excess was observed for all causes of mortality or for mortality from any of five broad categories of cause or from four specific types of cancer. This was true for the entire cohort as well as for a subgroup that had been heavily exposed to nitrates. Remarks: A total of 1327 male workers engaged in the production of nitrate based fertilizers between 1946 and 1981 were tracked until 1981. In addition, a subgroup consisting of workers heavily exposed to nitrate, defined as working in an environment likely to contain more than 10 mg NO3/ m3 for a year or longer, was separately analyzed. Reference: Al Dabbagh, S., Forman, D., Bryson, D., Stratton, I., and Doll, R. 1986. Mortality of nitrate fertilizer workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 43: 507 515.

( b) Results: Direct ingestion of ammonium nitrate cold packs resulted in no occurrences of severe toxicity, although some patients experienced symptoms of gastritis, slight methemoglobinemia, and mild hypertension. Remarks: Five confused or suicidal patients tore open ammonium nitrate cold packs ( commonly used in emergency departments instead of ice bags) and ingested between 64 and 234 grams in single doses. The product was removed from the stomachs promptly in three of the five patients. 38 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Reference: Challoner, K. R.; and McCarron, M. M. 1988. Ammonium nitrate cold pack ingestion. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 6: 289 293.

( c) Results: In the first study, no measurable hematological effect, elevation of methemoglobin or circulating N nitroso compounds were observed. In the second study, no volatile N nitrosamines were detected in the blood. Remarks: In one study, single oral doses of ammonium nitrate ( 0.15 g NH4NO3/ kg bw) were administered to 12 adult volunteers. In a second study, N nitrosamines were measured in the blood of 23 patients who took up to 9 grams daily dose of ammonium nitrate as a preventative treatment for calcium phosphate renal stones. Reference: Ellen, G., Schuller, P. L. Froeling, P. G. A. M. and Bruijns, E. 1982. No volatile N nitrosamines detected in blood and urine from patients ingesting large amounts of ammonium nitrate. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 20: 879 882.

( d) Results: There is no evidence that methaemoglobinaemia is caused by bacterially sound water supplies at concentrations up to 100 mg nitrate. Remarks: Based on a review of nitrate in drinking water in Europe. Reference: ECETOC Technical Report No. 27. 1988. Nitrate in Drinking Water ( cited in European Commission 2000).

6. REFERENCES Al Dabbagh, S., Forman, D., Bryson, D., Stratton, I. and Doll, R. 1986. Mortality of nitrate fertilizer workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 43: 507 515.

Bairammuradova, M. D. and Korolev, N. V. 1987. Zdravookhr. Turkm. 6: 27 29, cited in CA/ 198/ 033334P ( 1988). In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

BASF AG, Analytical laboratory; unpublished study. ( BRU 92.282 on 12.05.1992) In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

BASF AG, Sicherheitsdatenblatt Ammonsulfat 21 % N grobkristallin. ( 18.08.1993). In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

BDM Corporation. 1981. The AAR Hazardous Materials Database. Proposed for the Association of American Railroads, Parts I & II, Mclean, VA. May 1981.

Brown, A. C. and Currie, A. B. 1973. Tolerance of Bullia digitalis ( Prosobranchiata) to solutions of ammonium nitrate in natural seawater. So. Afr. Journ. Sci. 69: 219 220. 39 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Budavari, S. ( ed.). Merck Index. 12th ed. 1996. Whitehouse Station: Merck Research Laboratories.

Burden, E. H. 1961. The toxicology of nitrates and nitrites with particular reference to the potability of water supplies. The Analyst 86( 1024): 429 433.

Busch, R. H., Buschbom, R. L., Cannon, W. C., Lauhala, K. E., Miller, F. J., Graham, J. A. and Smith, L. G. 1986. Effects of ammonium nitrate aerosol exposure on lung structure of normal and elastase impaired rats and guinea pigs. Environ. Res. 39: 237 252.

Challoner, K. R. and McCarron, M. M. 1988. Ammonium nitrate cold pack ingestion. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 6: 289 293.

Chemical and Engineering News. 1994. 72( 15): 13.

Chow, C. K., Chen, C. J. and Gairola, C. 1980. Effect of nitrate and nitrite in drinking water in rats. Toxicology Letters. 6: 199 206.

Conrad, R. and Seiler, W. 1980. Field measurements of the loss of fertilizer nitrogen into the atmosphere as nitrous oxide. Atmospheric Environment. 14: 555 558.

Dabrowski, H. and Skira, H. 1986. Acute toxicity of ammonia to common carp ( Cyprinus carpio l.). Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 33( 1): 121 128.

DSM Meststoffen BV Sittard; Metallgesellschaft AG Frankfurt A. M. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

ECETOC Technical Report No. 27. 1988. Nitrate and Drinking Water. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Ellen, G., Schuller, P. L. Froeling, P. G. A. M. and Bruijns, E. 1982. No volatile Nnitrosamines detected in blood and urine from patients ingesting large amounts of ammonium nitrate. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 20: 879 882.

EM Science. 1993. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate.

Environmental Canada. 1984. Ammonium Nitrate Technical Information for Problem Spills. Environmental Protection Service, Technical Services Branch, Ottawa, Ontario.

European Commission. 2000. Ammonium Nitrate. International Uniform Chemical Information Database. Year 2000 CD ROM Edition.

Forman, D., Al Dabbagh, S. and Doll, R. 1985. Nitrates, nitrites and gastric cancer in Great Britain. Nature. 313( 6004): 620 625.

Grayson, M. ( exec. ed.). 1978. Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed. Volume 2. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 40 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Hazardous Substances Data Bank ( HSDB). 1999. Ammonium Nitrate. HSN No. 475 National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.

Hazleton Report No. 2830 733/ 121 prepared for Lonza Ltd., Basel, CH. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Hazleton Report No. 3479 733/ 166. P0018: A primary skin irritation and corrosivity study in the rabbit. Study prepared for Lonza Ltd., BASEL, CH. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Huntingdon Research Center Report No. 815380/ LZA22/ AC prepared for Lonza Ltd., Basel, CH. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

ICI Internal Data Report No. CTL/ L986. 1985. Nitram skin irritation and eye irritation studies. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

ICI International Data Report No. CTL/ T/ 2466. 1985. NITRAM: 4 hour acute inhalation toxicity in the rat. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

ICI Internal Data Report No. CTL/ L/ 2569 ( 1985) NITRAM: Assessment of sensory irritation potential in mice. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Inui, N., Nishi, Y., Taketomi, M. and Mori, M. 1979. Transplacental action of sodium nitrite in embryonic cells of Syrian golden hamster. Mutation Research. 66: 149 158.

KemaMord. 1978. Ammonia nitrate inhalation test on rats. Research Institute of Swedish National Defense ( FOA) and the National Veterinary Institute ( SVA), Stockholm, Sweden. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Leclerc, H., Vincent, P. and Vandevenne, P. 1991. Nitrates in drinking water and cancer. Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. 175( 4): 651 666.

L'hirondel, J., L'hirondel, J. L. Nitrates and Man: The Myth of Their Toxicity.

Lide, D. R. 1992. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boston: CRC Press. pp. 4 44.

Lijinsky, W. 1989. Environmental cancer risks   real and unreal. Environmental Research 50: 207 209.

Lijinsky, W. and Epstein, S. S. 1970. Nitrosamines as environmental carcinogens. Nature 225( 227): 21 23. 41 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Loscutoff, S. M., Cannon, W. C., Buschbom, R. L., Busch, R. H. and Kirkland, B. W. 1985. Pulmonary function in elastase treated guinea pigs and rats exposed to ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate aerosols. Environ. Res. 36: 170 180.

Maekawa, A., Ogui, T., Onodera, H., Furuta, K., Matsuoka, C., Ohno, Y. and Odashima, S. 1982. Carcinogenicity studies of sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate in F 344 rats. Fd. Chem. Toxic. 20: 25 33.

Magee, P. N. and Barnes, J. M. 1967. Carcinogenic nitroso compounds. Adv. Cancer Res. 10: 163 264.

Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. 1999. MSDS: Ammonium Nitrate. No. A6048.

Merkel, D. J. 2000. Acute dermal toxicity study in rats limit test. Product Safety Labs study number 9741.

National Fire Protection Agency ( NFPA). 1991. Fire Protection Guide for Hazardous Materials. 10th ed.

NIOSH, IPCS, International Chemical Safety Cards. (# 0216). Ammonium Nitrate.

OHMTADS. Ammonium Nitrate. Accession Number 7216588.

Owens, F. N. and Dubeski, P. 1989. Nitrate toxicity in ruminants. ASAS Production & Management Symposium.

RCC Report Project No. 004217 prepared for Lonza Ltd., Basel, CH. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Rijkswaterstaat RIZA. 1986. Quality survey in governmental surface water, monitoring data of October December 1986. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

RIVM. 1990. Country wide monitoring network groundwater quality, sampling data 1989, Province of Gelderland, The Netherlands. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Sax, I. and Lewis, R. 1994. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 8th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Schlegel, S. 1983. Nitrifikation and Denitrifikation in einstufigen Belebungsanlagen: Betriebsergebnisse der Klaeranlage Lueding/ Hausen. GWF. Wasser/ Abwasser. 124( 9): 428 434. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Trenel, J. and Kuehn, R. 1982. Forschungsbericht, Umweltbundesamt, Berlin, cited in KBWS   Datenblatt No. 6. In: European Commission 2000. International Uniform Chemical Information Database.

Underhill, F. P. and Kapsinow, R. 1922. The comparative toxicity of ammonium salts. J. Biol. Chem. 54: 451 457. 42 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 United Nations Industrial Development Organization ( UNIDO) and International Fertilizer Development Center ( IFDC). 1998. Fertilizer Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

USEPA. 2000. EPISUITE Estimation Program V. 3.10. US Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA. 1976. Quality Criteria for Water. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C. Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 APPENDIX A   SIDS Data Availability Summary Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Explanation of Appendix A Appendix A is a SIDS Data Summary table that provides an overview of availability and quality of the data used in this Health and Environmental Safety Data Summary for Ammonium Nitrate. Y ( Yes) and N ( No) designations indicate whether data are available that meet the criteria for each column. The columns are described as:

Information: Data exist that were useful for describing the data element. These data may be from standard laboratory tests or from generally recognized published sources or professional experience.

OECD Study: The data were developed using standard OECD or essentially similar ( e. g., EPA harmonized protocols) guidelines.

GLP: The data were developed under standard Good Laboratory Practice provisions. These generally represent the highest quality data.

Other Study: Studies were conducted that could not be definitively identified as following OECD or GLP protocols. These studies were included when they were determined to be of adequate quality and provided relevant information to the characterization of the compound.

Estimation Method: In some cases, data may be estimated using established structure activity relationships. These methods are common for physical chemical parameters such as octanolwater partition coefficients and water solubility.

Acceptable: This column indicates whether the data are deemed acceptable by standard acceptability criteria and professional judgment. Only the data meeting adequacy standards are included in this summary document.

SIDS Testing Recommended: This column indicates whether additional testing is recommended based on an evaluation of the available data summarized in this document. It is generally not necessary to fill all of the apparent data gaps in order to adequately characterize the inherent hazard of chemicals. Information from other data elements and from other chemicals in the category, along with professional judgment, are useful in the final determination of the need for further testing. Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 SIDS DATA AVAILABILITY SUMMARY DATE: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS No: 6484 52 2 Information OECD Study GLP Other Study Estimated Method Acceptable SIDS Testing Recommended STUDY Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point Y N N N N Y N 2.2 Boiling Point Y N N N N Y N 2.3 Density Y N N N N Y N 2.4 Vapor Pressure Y N N N N Y N 2.5 Partition Coefficient Y Y Y Y N Y N 2.6 Water Solubility Y N N N N Y N pH and pKa Values Y N N N N Y N 2.8 Auto Flammability Y N N N N Y N 2.9 Flammability Y N N N N Y N 2.10 Explosive Properties Y N N N N Y N 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Y N N N N Y N 2.12 Oxidation: Reduction Potential N N N N N  N OTHER P/ C STUDIES RECEIVED Y N N N N Y N ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Y N N N N Y N 3.1.2 Stability in Water Y N N N N Y N 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Y N N N N Y N 3.2 Monitoring Data Y N N N N Y N 3.3 Transport and Distribution Y N N Y Y Y N 3.5 Biodegradation Y N N Y N Y N 3.7 Bioaccumulation Y N N N N Y N OTHER ENV FATE STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute Toxicity to Fish Y N N Y N Y N 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Y N N Y N Y N 4.3 Toxicity to Algae Y N N Y N Y N 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish N N N N N  N 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Y N N Y N Y N 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms N N N N N  N 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants Y N N N N Y N 4.6.3 Toxicity to Birds N N N N N  N OTHER ECOTOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Ammonium Nitrate CAS No: 6484 52 2 Information OECD Study GLP Other Study Estimated Method Acceptable SIDS Testing Recommended STUDY Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N Y/ N TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Y Y Y Y N Y N 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Y N N Y N Y N 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Y Y Y N N Y N 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity by Other Routes of Administration Y N N Y N Y N 5.2.1 Skin Irritation Y Y Y Y N Y N 5.2.2 Eye Irritation N N N N N  N 5.3 Skin Sensitization N N N N N  N 5.4 Repeated Dose Y N N Y N Y N 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Y N Y N N Y N . Chromosomal aberration N N N N N  N 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo N N N N N  N 5.7 Carcinogenicity Y N N N N Y N 5.8 Reproduction Toxicity N N N N N  N 5.9 Development/ Teratogenicity Y N N N N Y N 5.11 Human Experience Y N N Y N Y N OTHER TOXICITY STUDIES RECEIVED N N N N N  N Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 APPENDIX B   SIDS Data Summaries for the Nitrate Compounds Category: Ammonium Nitrate, Nitrogen Solutions ( UAN), Potassium Nitrate, Potassium Sodium Nitrate, and Sodium Nitrate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 INTERIM FINAL Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Solution ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 169.6oC 2.2 Boiling Point 210oC 2.3 Density 1.725 g/ mL at 25oC 2.4 Vapor Pressure 15 hPa at 20oC 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient OECD 107  3.1 at 25oC 2.6A Water Solubility 1,920 g/ L at 20oC 2.6B pH and pKa values pH = 5.43 in aqueous solution 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable 2.9 Flammability Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties May explode under high temperature or strong shocks 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Strong oxidizer SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Solution ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Does not photodegrade 3.12 Stability in Water Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Binds to clay particles 3.3 Transport and Distribution 3.3.2 Distribution Calculated,

Fugacity Level III 0.251% to air 45.4% to water 54.2% to soil 0.0757% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation Readily biodegraded 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Solution ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Cyprinus carpio L. 48 hrs LC50 = 1.15   1.72 mg unionized NH3/ L Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 hrs LC50 > 103 mg/ L Chinook salmon, rainbow trout, bluegill 96 hrs LC50 = 420   1,360 mg NO3/ L Pimephalas promelas 96 hrs LC50 between 100 and 500 mg/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna EC50 = 555 mg/ L 4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) Scenedesmus quadricauda EC50 = 83 mg/ L 4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Bullia digitalis Up to 7 days NOEC = 300 mg/ L 4.6.1 Toxicity to Soil Dwelling Organisms 4.6.2 Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Solution ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat OECD 401 LD50 = 2,800 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 401 LD50 = 2,462 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 401 LD50 = 2,950 mg/ kg bw Rat LD50 = 4,500 mg/ kg bw 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Rat 4 hrs LC50 > 88.8 mg/ L 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat OECD 402 LC50 > 5,000 mg/ kg 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes White rat Injected; 3 hrs Minimum lethal dose = 0.065 mg NH4NO3   N 5.2.1 Skin Irritation/

Corrosion Rabbit Moderately irritating Rabbit Not irritating 5.2.2 Eye Irritation/ corrosion 5.3 Skin Sensitization 5.4 Repeated Dose Rat Inhalation; 2 weeks NOAEL = 185 mg/ m3 Rat Inhalation; 4 weeks NOAEL = 1 mg/ m3 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutation assay Negative . Chromosomal aberration 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo 5.7 Carcinogenicity SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Ammonium Nitrate Nitrogen Solution ( UAN)

DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction 5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat NOAEL > 57 mg/ kg/ day 51.0 Additional Information No sensory irritation 5.11 Human Experience See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA 2.1 Melting Point 344oC 308oC; 307oC 2.2 Boiling Point 400oC at 760 mm Hg 380oC at 760 mm Hg 2.3 Density 2.109 g/ mL at 16oC 2.26 g/ cm3 at 20oC 2.4 Vapor Pressure EPISUITE V. 3.10 1.39x10 15 hPa at 25oC Not expected to volatilize 2.5 Octanol/ Water Partition Coefficient EPISUITE V. 3.10  0.79 at 25oC OECD 107  3.8 at 25oC 2.6A Water Solubility 357 g/ L at 25oC 874 g/ L at 20oC 2.6B pH and pKa values pH ~ 7 at 25oC pH = 7 in aqueous solution 2.7 Flash Point Not applicable Not applicable 2.8 Auto Flammability Not flammable Does not burn 2.9 Flammability Not flammable Not flammable 2.10 Explosive Properties May explode on contact with reducing agents and/ or impact. May explode at high temperatures or contact with reducing agents 2.11 Oxidizing Properties Strong oxidizer Strong oxidizer SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL FATE and PATHWAY 3.1.1 Photodegradation Does not photodegrade Does not photodegrade Does not photodegrade 3.1.2 Stability in Water Stable Stable 3.1.3 Stability in Soil Stable Binds to clay particles 3.3.2 Distribution Fugacity Level III ( Mackay type) 8.34x10 9 % to air 45.3% to water 54.7% to soil 0.0755% to sediment Fugacity Level III ( Mackay type) 0.001% to air 45.3% to water 54.7% to soil 0.076% to sediment 3.5 Biodegradation Biodegradable Biodegradable 3.7 Bioaccumulation Does not bioaccumulate Does not bioaccumulate SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS ECOTOXICITY 4.1 Acute toxicity to Fish Lepomis macrochirus 96 hrs LC50 = 1,839 mg NO3/ L Oncorhynchus mykiss 96 hrs LC50 > 98.9 mg/ L Lepomis macrochirus 96 hrs LC50 > 8,753 mg NO3/ L Lepomis macrochirus 24 hrs TLm = 9,331 mg NO3/ L Oncorhynchus tshawtscha 96 hrs + TLm ( freshwater,

salmon) = 5,800 mg NO3/ L TLm ( 15 ppt salinity, salmon) =

4,400 mg NO3/ L Salmo gairdneri ( rainbow trout) TLm ( freshwater,

trout) = 6,000 mg NO3/ L TLm ( 15 ppt salinity, trout) =

4,650 mg NO3/ L 4.2 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Daphnia magna 48 hrs TLm = 300 mg NO3/ L Daphnia magna 48 hrs TLm = 3,581 mg NaNO3/ L Various penaeid shrimp 48 hrs LC50 = 3,400 mg NO3 N/ L NOEC = 2,000 mg NO3 N/ L Penaeus monodon larvae 40 hrs LC50 > 100 mg NO3/ L Crassostrea virginica 96 hrs LC50 = 15,810 mg NO3/ L ( adults);

23,040 mg NO3/ L ( juveniles)

Mercenaria mercenaria 96 hrs LC50 > 19,840 mg NO3/ L ( adults and juveniles)

4.3 Toxicity to Aquatic Plants ( Algae) See text Scenedesmus quadricauda Toxicity threshold = 1,233 mg NO2/ L SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 4.5.1 Chronic Toxicity to Fish Amphiprion oscellaris 3 months % survival in larvae ( low nitrate system) = 37%

% survival in larvae ( high nitrate system) = 34%

4.5.2 Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates Nereis grubei Neanthes arenaceodentata Dorvilliea articulata Capitella capita TLm = 327 mg NO3/ L TLm = 496 mg NO3/ L TLm = 880 mg NO3/ L TLm = 713 mg NO3/ L Penaeus monodon 3   5 weeks LC50 > 200 mg NO3   N/ L 4.6.3 Toxicity to Other Non Mammalian Terrestrial Species Coturnix coturnix japonica ( Japanese quail) 7 days to 15 weeks LC100 = 5,280 ppm ( by day 3 post treatment)

LC100 = 5,940 ppm ( by day 4 post treatment) SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS TOXICITY 5.1.1 Acute Oral Toxicity Rat LD50 = 3,750 mg/ kg bw Rat OECD 425 LD50 > 2,000 mg/ kg bw Rabbit LD50 = 2,680 mg/ kg bw Rabbit LD50 = 1,166 NO3/ kg Rat LD50 = 1,267,

3,236, 3,430, and 5,200 mg/ kg bw Cow, Sheep Lethal dose ( cow)

= 75 140 mg NO3

N/ kg Lethal dose ( sheep) = 70 mg NO3  N/ kg Goat LD100 = 1,000

1,500 mg/ kg 5.1.2 Acute Inhalation Dog, sheep 7.5 minutes to 4 hrs NOEC ( dog) = 5 mg/ m3 NOEC ( sheep) = 1 mg/ m3 5.1.3 Acute Dermal Toxicity Rat OECD 402 LD50 > 5,000 mg/ kg 5.1.4 Acute Toxicity,

Other Routes Dogs i. v.; 60 minutes NOEC = 100 mg NaNO3 5.4 Repeated Dose Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1,500 mg/ kg/ day Rat 6 weeks MTD = 5% in the diet Rat 14 months See text 5.5 Genetic Toxicity in vitro . Gene mutation Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutation assay Negative Salmonella typhimurium Bacterial reverse mutations assay Negative Bacillus subtilis recombination assay Negative . Chromosomal aberration Chinese hamster ovary cells Chromosome aberration test Positive SIDS DATA SUMMARIES FOR NITRATES CATEGORY Date: January 27, 2003 Ammonium Nitrate CAS # 6484 52 2 Potassium Nitrate Potassium Sodium Nitrate Sodium Nitrate DATA ELEMENTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS SPECIES PROTOCOL RESULTS 5.6 Genetic Toxicity in vivo Rat 10 weeks Negative Swiss mice and Wistar rats Micronucleus assay Positive Mice Mouse germ cells Positive 5.7 Carcinogenicity Rats 104 weeks Not significantly different from controls 5.8 Toxicity to Reproduction Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1,500 mg/ kg/ day Beagle dog Two generation study No significant adverse effects Guinea pig One generation study NOAEL Parental =

10,000 ppm NOAEL F1 Offspring = 10,000 ppm Rat Two generation study NOAEL Parental =

2.5%

5.9 Development Toxicity/ Teratogenicity Rat OECD 422 NOAEL = 1,500 mg/ kg/ day Rat, Mouse,

Rabbit,

Syrian hamster No significant adverse effects Mouse Oral; 10 day exposure NOAEL > 400 mg/ kg bw 5.10 Metabolism and Toxicokinetics Readily absorbed and excreted 5.11 Human Experience See text See text 1.8 Occupational Exposure Limits TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3 TLV as inert dust 15 mg/ m3