3 Fewer than 500. NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993 and 1999. ( This table was prepared June 2001.) 274 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 231.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by type and control, academic rank, age, salary, race/ ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1998 Selected characteristics Number, in thousands Percent 1 White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Full time instructional faculty and staff Number, in thousands 1 ................... 560 ( 4.8)   305 ( 4.9) 172 ( 3.1) 15 ( 1.0) 14 ( 1.0) 11 ( 1.0) 7 ( 0.7) 23 ( 1.3) 10 ( 0.9) 3 ( 0.5) 1 ( 0.2) Percentage distribution ..     100.0 54.5 ( 0.6) 30.6 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.2) 2.5 ( 0.2) 2.0 ( 0.2) 1.3 ( 0.1) 4.0 ( 0.2) 1.8 ( 0.2) 0.5 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.0)

Type and control Public research ..................... 138 ( 2.3) 100.0 60.7 ( 1.2) 23.8 ( 1.0) 1.4 ( 0.2) 1.8 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.4) 6.2 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.1) Private research .................... 39 ( 1.7) 100.0 64.1 ( 2.4) 21.4 ( 2.0) 1.9 ( 0.4) 1.7 ( 0.5) 2.5 ( 0.7) 1.0 ( 0.3) 5.2 ( 1.0) 1.8 ( 0.4) 0.1 ( 0.1) 0.1 ( 0.1) Public doctoral ....................... 58 ( 1.6) 100.0 56.7 ( 2.0) 29.1 ( 1.8) 1.9 ( 0.4) 2.0 ( 0.4) 2.0 ( 0.6) 1.0 ( 0.3) 5.2 ( 0.7) 0.9 ( 0.2) 0.9 ( 0.6) 0.3 ( 0.1) Private doctoral ..................... 21 ( 0.6) 100.0 51.5 ( 2.8) 30.4 ( 2.8) 2.7 ( 0.6) 1.7 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.8) 1.2 ( 0.4) 6.4 ( 1.2) 2.9 ( 0.9) 0.5 ( 0.3) 0.2 ( 0.2) Public comprehensive ........... 83 ( 1.9) 100.0 51.1 ( 1.6) 31.5 ( 1.4) 3.9 ( 0.5) 3.5 ( 0.8) 2.3 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.3) 4.0 ( 0.6) 1.8 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.1) Private comprehensive .......... 38 ( 1.1) 100.0 54.5 ( 2.2) 33.3 ( 2.0) 2.8 ( 0.6) 1.7 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.3) 3.1 ( 0.6) 0.7 ( 0.2) 1.0 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.2) Private liberal arts ................. 48 ( 1.3) 100.0 54.7 ( 2.1) 33.4 ( 1.9) 4.0 ( 0.7) 2.4 ( 0.5) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.8 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.5) 0.7 ( 0.3) 0.6 ( 0.3) 0.5 ( 0.2) Public 2 year ......................... 102 ( 1.7) 100.0 42.9 ( 1.3) 42.4 ( 1.3) 2.4 ( 0.3) 3.6 ( 0.4) 2.7 ( 0.5) 1.9 ( 0.3) 1.3 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) Other ..................................... 35 ( 1.5) 100.0 59.5 ( 2.9) 26.9 ( 2.4) 4.9 ( 1.8) 2.2 ( 0.5) 0.9 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.3) 2.4 ( 0.6) 2.2 ( 0.9) 0.1 ( 0.1) 0.5 ( 0.3)

Academic rank Full professor ........................ 172 ( 2.8) 100.0 70.7 ( 1.0) 18.4 ( 0.8) 2.0 ( 0.2) 0.9 ( 0.2) 2.1 ( 0.4) 0.6 ( 0.2) 4.1 ( 0.4) 0.8 ( 0.2) 0.4 ( 0.1) ( 2) ( 2) Associate professor ............... 132 ( 2.4) 100.0 55.7 ( 1.3) 29.3 ( 1.1) 3.0 ( 0.3) 2.4 ( 0.3) 1.8 ( 0.3) 0.9 ( 0.2) 4.8 ( 0.5) 1.5 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.1 ( 0.1) Assistant professor ................ 125 ( 2.1) 100.0 44.1 ( 1.3) 36.1 ( 1.2) 3.4 ( 0.5) 4.0 ( 0.6) 1.9 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 0.3) 5.3 ( 0.5) 2.7 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.4 ( 0.1) Instructor or lecturer .............. 89 ( 2.1) 100.0 40.1 ( 1.7) 44.2 ( 1.6) 2.3 ( 0.3) 2.9 ( 0.4) 2.5 ( 0.5) 2.3 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.5) 0.9 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.1) Other ..................................... 26 ( 0.7) 100.0 42.1 ( 2.5) 41.2 ( 2.4) 2.2 ( 0.6) 3.7 ( 0.7) 3.3 ( 1.3) 1.7 ( 0.4) 2.3 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.5 ( 0.3) No rank .................................. 16 ( 0.6) 100.0 52.7 ( 3.2) 36.5 ( 3.1) 2.0 ( 0.9) 2.8 ( 1.2) 0.9 ( 0.3) 1.0 ( 0.5) 0.5 ( 0.3) 1.6 ( 0.7) 0.6 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.7)

Age Under 35 ............................... 41 ( 1.4) 100.0 43.6 ( 2.4) 38.3 ( 2.2) 1.6 ( 0.4) 3.1 ( 0.8) 3.5 ( 1.1) 1.8 ( 0.4) 3.6 ( 0.6) 3.8 ( 0.8) 0.4 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.2) 35 to 44 ................................. 142 ( 2.6) 100.0 47.3 ( 1.3) 33.1 ( 1.2) 2.5 ( 0.3) 2.6 ( 0.4) 2.8 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 0.3) 6.5 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 0.3) 0.7 ( 0.3) 0.3 ( 0.1) 45 to 54 ................................. 202 ( 2.7) 100.0 50.5 ( 1.0) 34.6 ( 0.9) 3.1 ( 0.4) 2.7 ( 0.3) 1.8 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 0.3) 3.3 ( 0.3) 1.8 ( 0.3) 0.6 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.1) 55 to 64 ................................. 145 ( 2.4) 100.0 66.8 ( 1.1) 23.2 ( 1.0) 2.4 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.3) 0.3 ( 0.1) 2.5 ( 0.3) 0.9 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.1) 0.1 ( 0.1) 65 to 69 ................................. 23 ( 1.0) 100.0 70.6 ( 2.9) 16.8 ( 2.5) 3.0 ( 0.8) 0.9 ( 0.5) 1.3 ( 0.5) 1.1 ( 0.5) 5.1 ( 1.5) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) 70 or older ............................. 8 ( 0.8) 100.0 69.7 ( 5.0) 18.7 ( 4.0) 1.6 ( 0.9) 1.9 ( 1.2) 1.1 ( 1.1) 1.5 ( 0.9) 4.4 ( 2.3) 0.7 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) 0.3 ( 0.3)

Base salary Under $ 10,000 ...................... 8 ( 0.7) 100.0 50.4 ( 6.1) 37.0 ( 6.4) 3.3 ( 1.4) 3.8 ( 1.6) 1.1 ( 0.6) 1.6 ( 0.9) 1.4 ( 0.9) 1.0 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 0.4 ( 0.4) $ 10,000 to 24,999 ................. 15 ( 0.9) 100.0 40.4 ( 4.4) 45.4 ( 4.3) 1.5 ( 0.6) 1.6 ( 0.6) 6.4 ( 2.8) 0.8 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.9) 1.1 ( 0.7) 0.3 ( 0.3) 0.2 ( 0.2) $ 25,000 to 39,999 ................. 123 ( 2.3) 100.0 40.8 ( 1.4) 45.0 ( 1.3) 2.3 ( 0.3) 3.5 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.3) 1.8 ( 0.2) 2.0 ( 0.4) 2.0 ( 0.3) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.4 ( 0.1) $ 40,000 to 54,999 ................. 173 ( 2.3) 100.0 50.3 ( 1.1) 33.2 ( 0.9) 3.7 ( 0.4) 3.1 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 0.3) 1.6 ( 0.3) 3.6 ( 0.4) 1.8 ( 0.3) 0.5 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.1) $ 55,000 to 69,999 ................. 108 ( 2.2) 100.0 60.1 ( 1.4) 24.7 ( 1.2) 2.0 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.4) 1.2 ( 0.4) 5.0 ( 0.6) 2.1 ( 0.5) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.1) $ 70,000 to 84,999 ................. 60 ( 1.5) 100.0 66.9 ( 1.7) 18.9 ( 1.5) 2.4 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.3) 2.8 ( 0.8) 0.5 ( 0.2) 5.4 ( 0.6) 1.2 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) $ 85,000 to 99,999 ................. 29 ( 1.3) 100.0 70.4 ( 2.7) 15.4 ( 2.3) 2.0 ( 0.6) 0.7 ( 0.3) 2.2 ( 0.6) 0.6 ( 0.3) 7.3 ( 1.4) 1.1 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) $ 100,000 or more .................. 45 ( 1.3) 100.0 73.1 ( 1.9) 14.4 ( 1.6) 1.5 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 0.5) 0.2 ( 0.1) 6.1 ( 1.0) 1.5 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1)

Total household income Under $ 10,000 ...................... 1 ( 0.1) 100.0 47.5 ( 11.9) 40.1 ( 11.7) 8.2 ( 5.5) ( 2) ( 2) 1.1 ( 1.1) 1.1 ( 1.1) 2.1 ( 2.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) $ 10,000 to 24,999 ................. 15 ( 0.8) 100.0 52.5 ( 4.0) 29.0 ( 3.3) 1.6 ( 0.7) 5.9 ( 1.4) 3.8 ( 2.1) 0.7 ( 0.3) 4.4 ( 1.2) 1.4 ( 0.6) 0.6 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) $ 25,000 to 39,999 ................. 31 ( 1.2) 100.0 41.2 ( 2.9) 42.8 ( 2.7) 1.8 ( 0.5) 2.9 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.9) 1.6 ( 0.5) 4.3 ( 1.2) 1.5 ( 0.4) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.6 ( 0.3) $ 40,000 to 54,999 ................. 59 ( 1.6) 100.0 48.0 ( 2.0) 34.5 ( 1.7) 3.4 ( 0.5) 5.0 ( 1.1) 1.7 ( 0.3) 1.6 ( 0.4) 3.3 ( 0.5) 1.4 ( 0.4) 0.9 ( 0.5) 0.3 ( 0.1) $ 55,000 to 69,999 ................. 63 ( 1.7) 100.0 54.4 ( 1.9) 30.4 ( 1.7) 2.6 ( 0.4) 2.7 ( 0.6) 2.5 ( 0.7) 0.7 ( 0.2) 4.8 ( 0.9) 1.1 ( 0.3) 0.5 ( 0.2) 0.2 ( 0.1) $ 70,000 to 84,999 ................. 67 ( 1.7) 100.0 54.5 ( 1.8) 30.0 ( 1.5) 3.1 ( 0.5) 2.3 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 0.5) 1.5 ( 0.5) 3.7 ( 0.5) 2.0 ( 0.6) 0.6 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) $ 85,000 to 99,999 ................. 57 ( 1.5) 100.0 62.5 ( 1.7) 25.6 ( 1.5) 2.7 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.3) 0.9 ( 0.2) 2.7 ( 0.5) 1.3 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.2) 0.2 ( 0.1) $ 100,000 or more .................. 266 ( 3.2) 100.0 55.9 ( 0.9) 29.6 ( 0.8) 2.4 ( 0.3) 1.6 ( 0.2) 2.0 ( 0.3) 1.3 ( 0.2) 4.3 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.3) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.1) 275 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 231.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by type and control, academic rank, age, salary, race/ ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1998   Continued Selected characteristics Number, in thousands Percent 1 White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Part time instructional faculty and staff Number, in thousands 1 ............... 416 ( 5.9)   191 ( 5.2) 173 ( 4.8) 10 ( 1.1) 9 ( 0.9) 9 ( 1.2) 7 ( 0.8) 6 ( 0.8) 7 ( 1.5) 1 ( 0.3) 3 ( 0.8) Percentage distribution     100.0 45.9 ( 1.0) 41.7 ( 1.0) 2.4 ( 0.3) 2.2 ( 0.2) 2.1 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 0.2) 1.5 ( 0.2) 1.7 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.1) 0.6 ( 0.2)

Type and control Public research ................. 36 ( 1.5) 100.0 48.3 ( 3.2) 38.8 ( 3.1) 1.7 ( 0.8) 1.2 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 0.7) 1.4 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.8) 2.0 ( 0.7) 0.6 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 1.2) Private research ................ 15 ( 1.5) 100.0 54.9 ( 6.2) 35.0 ( 5.6) 0.8 ( 0.6) 2.6 ( 1.7) 2.9 ( 1.5) 1.5 ( 0.6) 1.8 ( 0.8) 0.7 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Public doctoral ................... 26 ( 1.6) 100.0 44.8 ( 4.5) 43.1 ( 4.2) 2.6 ( 1.1) 1.1 ( 0.4) 0.9 ( 0.4) 2.2 ( 1.0) 1.4 ( 0.8) 1.6 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) 2.3 ( 1.6) Private doctoral ................. 18 ( 0.5) 100.0 50.6 ( 3.5) 36.2 ( 3.2) 2.5 ( 0.8) 0.9 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.5) 1.0 ( 0.5) 4.2 ( 2.0) 2.8 ( 0.9) ( 2) ( 2) 0.4 ( 0.4) Public comprehensive ....... 48 ( 2.1) 100.0 40.9 ( 2.8) 44.6 ( 2.9) 1.9 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 0.8) 1.7 ( 0.5) 1.4 ( 0.4) 4.1 ( 2.6) 0.3 ( 0.2) 0.9 ( 0.6) Private comprehensive ...... 37 ( 1.4) 100.0 54.7 ( 3.2) 38.3 ( 3.1) 2.0 ( 0.8) 0.7 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.5) 0.7 ( 0.4) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.9 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.2) Private liberal arts ............. 33 ( 2.1) 100.0 37.7 ( 3.7) 49.0 ( 4.2) 3.9 ( 1.8) 2.9 ( 0.9) 1.3 ( 0.5) 1.8 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.4) 2.3 ( 1.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) ( 2) ( 2) Public 2 year ..................... 170 ( 3.9) 100.0 44.7 ( 1.6) 41.9 ( 1.6) 2.5 ( 0.4) 2.8 ( 0.4) 2.9 ( 0.6) 1.9 ( 0.4) 1.1 ( 0.2) 1.1 ( 0.2) 0.5 ( 0.2) 0.5 ( 0.3) Other ................................. 34 ( 1.5) 100.0 49.7 ( 3.4) 40.6 ( 3.4) 2.3 ( 0.8) 2.3 ( 0.7) 0.4 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 0.6) 1.9 ( 1.1) 1.0 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) 0.2 ( 0.2)

Academic rank Full professor .................... 30 ( 2.3) 100.0 68.0 ( 3.9) 21.9 ( 3.3) 1.9 ( 0.8) 1.1 ( 0.7) 1.6 ( 0.6) 0.8 ( 0.4) 4.2 ( 1.4) 0.3 ( 0.2) ( 2) ( 2) 0.2 ( 0.2) Associate professor ........... 19 ( 1.1) 100.0 65.5 ( 4.0) 23.5 ( 3.5) 3.3 ( 1.4) 1.6 ( 0.7) 1.9 ( 0.9) 0.6 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 0.9) 1.2 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 0.3 ( 0.3) Assistant professor ............ 23 ( 1.3) 100.0 46.2 ( 4.2) 41.5 ( 4.0) 2.4 ( 0.9) 2.7 ( 0.9) 1.6 ( 0.9) 1.1 ( 0.6) 1.9 ( 1.1) 1.9 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 0.7 ( 0.7) Instructor or lecturer .......... 252 ( 4.7) 100.0 41.8 ( 1.3) 45.6 ( 1.3) 2.4 ( 0.3) 2.5 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.4) 1.8 ( 0.3) 1.0 ( 0.2) 2.0 ( 0.6) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.3 ( 0.2) Other ................................. 75 ( 2.0) 100.0 45.9 ( 2.1) 40.1 ( 2.1) 2.3 ( 0.8) 1.7 ( 0.4) 2.5 ( 0.8) 2.0 ( 0.4) 1.6 ( 0.5) 1.5 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.2) 1.9 ( 0.8) No rank .............................. 16 ( 1.0) 100.0 44.9 ( 4.6) 46.2 ( 4.8) 2.0 ( 1.2) 1.1 ( 0.6) 1.4 ( 0.6) 1.8 ( 0.9) 1.4 ( 0.7) 1.2 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 0.0 ( 0.0)

Age Under 35 ........................... 52 ( 2.4) 100.0 38.9 ( 3.0) 46.3 ( 3.2) 1.3 ( 0.5) 2.3 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 0.6) 3.8 ( 1.1) 2.4 ( 0.7) 2.5 ( 0.6) 0.1 ( 0.1) ( 2) ( 2) 35 to 44 ............................. 108 ( 3.1) 100.0 40.0 ( 2.0) 45.0 ( 2.0) 2.5 ( 0.4) 2.0 ( 0.4) 2.5 ( 0.7) 1.8 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 0.4) 3.5 ( 1.3) 0.3 ( 0.1) 1.1 ( 0.5) 45 to 54 ............................. 142 ( 3.5) 100.0 45.3 ( 1.8) 43.9 ( 1.7) 2.3 ( 0.5) 2.5 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 0.5) 1.2 ( 0.3) 0.8 ( 0.2) 0.9 ( 0.2) 0.2 ( 0.1) 0.9 ( 0.4) 55 to 64 ............................. 76 ( 2.3) 100.0 51.6 ( 2.3) 37.8 ( 2.2) 2.2 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 0.4) 1.8 ( 0.5) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.7 ( 0.3) 0.1 ( 0.1) 65 to 69 ............................. 22 ( 1.0) 100.0 63.8 ( 3.6) 24.2 ( 2.9) 2.3 ( 0.8) 2.1 ( 1.0) 3.0 ( 1.7) 0.7 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 1.6) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.5) 0.6 ( 0.4) 70 or older ......................... 16 ( 1.3) 100.0 62.4 ( 4.8) 26.5 ( 4.1) 6.5 ( 3.1) 0.8 ( 0.5) 1.3 ( 0.7) 0.5 ( 0.4) 1.6 ( 0.9) 0.4 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

Base salary Under $ 10,000 .................. 259 ( 4.5) 100.0 45.9 ( 1.3) 41.8 ( 1.3) 2.4 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.2) 1.4 ( 0.2) 1.8 ( 0.5) 0.4 ( 0.1) 0.6 ( 0.3) $ 10,000 to 24,999 ............. 111 ( 2.9) 100.0 43.8 ( 1.9) 44.9 ( 1.9) 1.9 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 0.4) 2.2 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 0.6) 1.1 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 0.3) 0.2 ( 0.1) 0.3 ( 0.2) $ 25,000 to 39,999 ............. 27 ( 2.0) 100.0 49.7 ( 4.8) 35.0 ( 3.9) 2.0 ( 0.7) 1.7 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.3) 2.6 ( 0.8) 3.2 ( 1.5) 2.9 ( 0.9) 0.5 ( 0.4) 1.5 ( 1.4) $ 40,000 to 54,999 ............. 11 ( 1.5) 100.0 46.3 ( 8.2) 36.8 ( 9.6) 8.0 ( 3.4) 2.0 ( 0.9) 1.1 ( 0.8) 1.5 ( 0.7) 2.1 ( 1.3) 1.1 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) 1.0 ( 0.7) $ 55,000 to 69,999 ............. 4 ( 0.5) 100.0 69.0 ( 7.5) 21.9 ( 6.4) 2.5 ( 2.0) 1.1 ( 0.9) 5.4 ( 3.3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) $ 70,000 to 84,999 ............. 2 ( 0.2) 100.0 58.9 ( 11.2) 23.4 ( 9.8) 1.7 ( 1.7) 0.9 ( 0.9) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 13.2 ( 9.1) 2.1 ( 2.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) $ 85,000 to 99,999 .............                                               $ 100,000 or more .............. 2 ( 0.1) 100.0 60.1 ( 11.2) 19.5 ( 9.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 15.4 ( 8.2) ( 2) ( 2) 2.0 ( 2.1) 2.9 ( 2.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

Total household income Under $ 10,000 .................. 7 ( 0.6) 100.0 25.2 ( 5.0) 43.9 ( 6.5) 7.0 ( 3.0) 8.7 ( 5.0) 1.2 ( 0.7) 3.2 ( 1.8) 2.3 ( 1.8) 7.5 ( 5.7) 1.0 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 2) $ 10,000 to 24,999 ............. 33 ( 1.6) 100.0 45.0 ( 3.6) 44.3 ( 3.6) 1.8 ( 0.7) 2.5 ( 0.9) 1.6 ( 0.7) 1.2 ( 0.4) 1.0 ( 0.3) 1.9 ( 0.8) 0.5 ( 0.3) 0.2 ( 0.2) $ 25,000 to 39,999 ............. 36 ( 1.8) 100.0 52.8 ( 3.5) 36.5 ( 3.2) 1.2 ( 0.4) 3.3 ( 1.0) 1.7 ( 0.5) 1.5 ( 0.6) 1.3 ( 0.5) 1.0 ( 0.4) 0.6 ( 0.4) 0.1 ( 0.1) $ 40,000 to 54,999 ............. 48 ( 1.7) 100.0 40.4 ( 2.7) 46.1 ( 2.8) 3.7 ( 1.2) 2.3 ( 0.6) 1.7 ( 0.4) 1.7 ( 0.5) 0.5 ( 0.2) 1.4 ( 0.4) 0.5 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 1.0) $ 55,000 to 69,999 ............. 49 ( 2.3) 100.0 43.8 ( 3.0) 39.7 ( 3.0) 2.9 ( 0.8) 1.9 ( 0.6) 3.3 ( 1.3) 3.2 ( 1.1) 1.1 ( 0.4) 3.6 ( 2.5) 0.1 ( 0.1) 0.5 ( 0.4) $ 70,000 to 84,999 ............. 48 ( 1.6) 100.0 46.1 ( 2.7) 40.0 ( 2.6) 3.7 ( 1.4) 3.0 ( 0.7) 2.5 ( 0.9) 2.3 ( 0.5) 1.6 ( 0.5) 0.4 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) $ 85,000 to 99,999 ............. 42 ( 1.7) 100.0 47.1 ( 3.1) 40.9 ( 3.1) 2.5 ( 0.7) 2.2 ( 0.6) 4.0 ( 1.4) 1.3 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.3) 1.2 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) 0.2 ( 0.2) $ 100,000 or more .............. 152 ( 3.9) 100.0 47.6 ( 1.8) 42.2 ( 1.8) 1.5 ( 0.3) 1.3 ( 0.2) 1.3 ( 0.4) 1.2 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.4) 1.6 ( 0.3) 0.3 ( 0.1) 0.8 ( 0.4)

  Not applicable. 1 Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. 2 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1999 ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 276 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 232.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by faculty characteristics and field: Fall 1992 and fall 1998 Faculty characteristics Number in thousands 1992 Fall 1998 Number in thousands All fields Agriculture and home economics Business Education Engineering Fine arts Health Humanities Natural sciences Social sciences Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Full time instructional faculty and staff Full time, in thousands 1 ......... 528 560 560.4 ( 4.8) 10.5 ( 0.4) 38.7 ( 1.1) 39.9 ( 1.4) 25.0 ( 0.9) 33.3 ( 1.4) 83.8 ( 2.0) 80.8 ( 1.8) 111.3 ( 2.1) 58.4 ( 1.3) 78.7 ( 2.1) Percent 1 ......................     100.0   1.9 ( 0.1) 6.9 ( 0.3) 7.1 ( 0.3) 4.5 ( 0.3) 5.9 ( 0.3) 15.0 ( 0.4) 14.4 ( 0.4) 19.9 ( 0.5) 10.4 ( 0.4) 14.0 ( 0.5)

Percentage distribution of full time faculty Total 1 ....................... 528 560 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Sex Male ......................... 353 357 63.7 ( 0.6) 80.5 ( 2.9) 65.0 ( 2.1) 42.5 ( 2.4) 90.8 ( 1.8) 68.5 ( 2.2) 49.8 ( 1.9) 55.9 ( 1.6) 75.1 ( 1.1) 67.6 ( 1.6) 66.8 ( 1.7) Female ..................... 176 203 36.3 ( 0.6) 19.5 ( 2.9) 35.1 ( 2.1) 57.5 ( 2.4) 9.2 ( 1.8) 31.5 ( 2.2) 50.2 ( 1.9) 44.1 ( 1.6) 24.9 ( 1.1) 32.4 ( 1.6) 33.2 ( 1.7)

Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic 457 477 85.1 ( 0.5) 90.7 ( 1.9) 86.7 ( 1.4) 83.8 ( 1.7) 77.0 ( 2.3) 89.3 ( 1.4) 85.5 ( 1.1) 83.9 ( 1.4) 85.5 ( 1.0) 84.0 ( 1.3) 87.3 ( 1.2) Black, non Hispanic 27 28 5.1 ( 0.4) 4.1 ( 1.3) 5.3 ( 0.9) 8.6 ( 1.5) 2.4 ( 0.5) 6.7 ( 1.2) 4.4 ( 0.6) 4.5 ( 0.8) 3.1 ( 0.5) 6.7 ( 0.8) 6.2 ( 0.8) Hispanic ................... 14 19 3.3 ( 0.2) 1.4 ( 0.6) 1.6 ( 0.4) 3.3 ( 0.6) 3.9 ( 1.4) 1.1 ( 0.3) 3.3 ( 0.5) 6.5 ( 0.9) 2.9 ( 0.5) 3.0 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.6) Asian/ Pacific Islander 28 33 5.8 ( 0.3) 2.9 ( 0.9) 5.2 ( 0.8) 3.6 ( 0.9) 16.1 ( 2.1) 2.3 ( 0.6) 6.1 ( 0.7) 4.7 ( 1.0) 8.2 ( 0.6) 5.1 ( 0.8) 2.9 ( 0.6) American Indian/ Alaskan Native ...... 3 4 0.7 ( 0.1) 1.0 ( 1.0) 1.3 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.6 ( 0.4) 0.6 ( 0.3) 0.7 ( 0.2) 0.4 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.1) 1.3 ( 0.3) 1.0 ( 0.3)

Age Under 30 .................. 8 9 1.6 ( 0.2) 1.3 ( 0.8) 1.8 ( 1.2) 2.5 ( 1.8) 1.6 ( 1.2) 1.3 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.5) 0.9 ( 0.2) 1.1 ( 0.2) 1.1 ( 0.3) 3.2 ( 0.7) 30 to 34 .................... 35 32 5.8 ( 0.3) 7.9 ( 3.0) 4.3 ( 0.7) 3.2 ( 0.7) 8.6 ( 1.7) 3.9 ( 0.8) 4.4 ( 0.6) 7.3 ( 1.0) 6.5 ( 0.7) 7.1 ( 0.9) 5.3 ( 0.7) 35 to 39 .................... 67 60 10.7 ( 0.4) 5.2 ( 1.6) 10.8 ( 1.4) 7.1 ( 0.9) 10.6 ( 1.4) 10.1 ( 1.6) 13.9 ( 1.6) 10.1 ( 0.9) 12.8 ( 1.0) 10.3 ( 1.2) 8.0 ( 0.9) 40 to 44 .................... 90 82 14.6 ( 0.5) 10.6 ( 2.1) 13.6 ( 1.7) 9.8 ( 1.3) 17.5 ( 2.6) 16.3 ( 2.1) 18.4 ( 1.4) 10.7 ( 0.9) 15.2 ( 1.0) 14.4 ( 1.3) 15.5 ( 1.3) 45 to 49 .................... 98 97 17.3 ( 0.5) 17.9 ( 2.7) 16.5 ( 1.4) 21.4 ( 2.1) 17.2 ( 2.3) 16.3 ( 1.7) 20.4 ( 1.4) 16.7 ( 1.3) 14.0 ( 0.8) 15.8 ( 1.3) 18.6 ( 1.3) 50 to 54 .................... 95 105 18.7 ( 0.5) 21.8 ( 3.1) 22.7 ( 1.9) 20.7 ( 1.9) 13.5 ( 1.6) 23.4 ( 2.7) 17.8 ( 1.2) 16.2 ( 1.2) 19.1 ( 1.2) 17.5 ( 1.3) 18.8 ( 1.4) 55 to 59 .................... 67 90 16.1 ( 0.5) 21.9 ( 3.3) 17.4 ( 1.7) 18.3 ( 2.0) 14.3 ( 1.8) 14.0 ( 2.2) 12.8 ( 1.0) 19.4 ( 1.3) 14.3 ( 0.9) 18.2 ( 1.5) 16.4 ( 1.7) 60 to 64 .................... 45 55 9.8 ( 0.4) 8.5 ( 1.7) 9.3 ( 1.3) 11.8 ( 1.6) 11.1 ( 2.0) 11.0 ( 1.6) 7.1 ( 0.7) 11.2 ( 1.1) 10.0 ( 0.8) 11.3 ( 1.2) 8.7 ( 0.9) 65 or older ............... 24 31 5.5 ( 0.3) 4.9 ( 1.5) 3.7 ( 0.7) 5.1 ( 1.4) 5.7 ( 1.0) 3.8 ( 0.8) 3.9 ( 0.5) 7.7 ( 1.0) 7.0 ( 0.9) 4.3 ( 0.8) 5.6 ( 1.0)

Degree Less than bachelor's 6 7 1.2 ( 0.1) 1.1 ( 0.7) 0.3 ( 0.2) 0.4 ( 0.2) 1.5 ( 0.6) 1.4 ( 0.5) 1.7 ( 0.3) 0.1 ( 0.1) 0.4 ( 0.2) ( 2) ( 2) 4.6 ( 0.8) Bachelor's ................ 21 23 4.0 ( 0.3) 5.3 ( 1.4) 4.6 ( 0.9) 1.5 ( 0.4) 5.3 ( 1.5) 4.8 ( 0.9) 5.1 ( 0.7) 0.9 ( 0.4) 3.6 ( 0.6) 0.9 ( 0.3) 9.4 ( 1.1) Master's ................... 156 156 27.8 ( 0.7) 19.2 ( 3.1) 42.5 ( 2.4) 27.2 ( 2.3) 16.4 ( 2.2) 58.9 ( 2.9) 23.0 ( 1.6) 30.5 ( 1.6) 20.0 ( 1.2) 16.0 ( 1.4) 34.4 ( 1.9) First professional ..... 58 52 9.2 ( 0.6) 0.8 ( 0.5) 3.9 ( 0.8) 0.9 ( 0.3) 0.5 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 0.9) 41.1 ( 2.1) 2.3 ( 0.9) 2.0 ( 0.5) 2.3 ( 0.9) 12.6 ( 1.3) Doctorate ................. 284 324 57.7 ( 0.8) 73.7 ( 3.7) 48.7 ( 2.3) 70.1 ( 2.4) 76.3 ( 2.7) 33.6 ( 2.7) 29.0 ( 1.7) 66.3 ( 1.7) 74.1 ( 1.3) 80.8 ( 1.6) 39.1 ( 2.1)

Rank Full professor ........... 161 172 30.7 ( 0.7) 42.9 ( 4.4) 23.9 ( 1.9) 24.8 ( 2.1) 37.3 ( 2.8) 29.9 ( 2.6) 21.1 ( 1.3) 30.9 ( 1.6) 38.2 ( 1.5) 38.8 ( 1.9) 28.8 ( 2.0) Associate professor 124 132 23.6 ( 0.6) 23.2 ( 3.2) 26.4 ( 2.1) 23.7 ( 2.0) 27.9 ( 2.6) 25.8 ( 2.6) 28.4 ( 1.7) 21.5 ( 1.3) 23.1 ( 1.2) 24.0 ( 1.6) 18.0 ( 1.3) Assistant professor .. 124 125 22.3 ( 0.6) 16.5 ( 3.4) 19.8 ( 1.7) 24.8 ( 2.1) 20.4 ( 2.3) 21.3 ( 2.2) 30.5 ( 1.5) 21.3 ( 1.4) 20.7 ( 1.2) 22.6 ( 1.4) 18.6 ( 1.3) Instructor or lecturer 74 75 13.4 ( 0.6) 8.0 ( 2.0) 19.5 ( 2.2) 10.9 ( 1.5) 8.6 ( 2.2) 11.9 ( 2.2) 14.9 ( 1.2) 15.4 ( 1.3) 10.1 ( 0.8) 7.0 ( 1.1) 20.6 ( 1.6) Lecturer .................... 12 14 2.5 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 0.9) 3.4 ( 0.9) 4.3 ( 1.9) 0.9 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 0.6) 0.9 ( 0.2) 5.0 ( 0.9) 2.0 ( 0.3) 1.1 ( 0.3) 3.2 ( 0.7) Other/ no rank ........... 17 26 4.7 ( 0.3) 5.6 ( 1.4) 3.8 ( 0.7) 8.5 ( 1.3) 4.3 ( 1.4) 3.3 ( 0.7) 3.1 ( 0.5) 2.3 ( 0.4) 3.6 ( 0.5) 4.2 ( 0.7) 6.8 ( 0.7) No rank .................... 17 16 2.8 ( 0.4) 1.8 ( 0.9) 3.3 ( 0.8) 2.9 ( 0.9) 0.5 ( 0.4) 5.8 ( 1.5) 1.1 ( 0.3) 3.7 ( 0.7) 2.3 ( 0.4) 2.3 ( 0.5) 4.0 ( 0.7) 277 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 232.   Full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by faculty characteristics and field: Fall 1992 and fall 1998   Continued Faculty characteristics Number in thousands 1992 Fall 1998 Number in thousands All fields Agriculture and home economics Business Education Engineering Fine arts Health Humanities Natural sciences Social sciences Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Part time instructional faculty and staff Part time, in thousands 1 ......... 377 416 416.0 ( 5.9) 2.5 ( 0.2) 31.6 ( 1.8) 33.6 ( 1.6) 9.3 ( 0.8) 38.1 ( 1.5) 48.7 ( 2.2) 74.1 ( 2.1) 65.5 ( 2.2) 41.2 ( 2.4) 71.6 ( 2.1) Percent 1 ......................     100.0   0.6 ( 0.1) 7.6 ( 0.6) 8.1 ( 0.5) 2.2 ( 0.3) 9.2 ( 0.5) 11.7 ( 0.7) 17.8 ( 0.7) 15.7 ( 0.7) 9.9 ( 0.7) 17.2 ( 0.8)

Percentage distribution of part time faculty Total 1 ....................... 377 416 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Sex Male ......................... 209 217 52.2 ( 1.1) 34.5 ( 10.1) 61.9 ( 4.1) 28.2 ( 2.8) 95.8 ( 1.6) 48.5 ( 3.1) 41.3 ( 3.8) 44.3 ( 2.2) 62.8 ( 2.3) 55.1 ( 3.7) 61.8 ( 2.8) Female ..................... 168 199 47.9 ( 1.1) 65.5 ( 10.1) 38.1 ( 4.1) 71.8 ( 2.8) 4.2 ( 1.6) 51.5 ( 3.1) 58.7 ( 3.8) 55.7 ( 2.2) 37.3 ( 2.3) 44.9 ( 3.7) 38.2 ( 2.8)

Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic 333 364 87.6 ( 0.7) 88.2 ( 7.0) 91.1 ( 1.7) 89.2 ( 2.1) 75.0 ( 6.2) 92.4 ( 1.7) 90.2 ( 1.5) 86.6 ( 1.4) 86.8 ( 1.5) 85.2 ( 2.3) 86.3 ( 2.2) Black, non Hispanic 18 19 4.5 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 1.3) 5.4 ( 1.4) 5.1 ( 1.4) 4.9 ( 2.5) 2.9 ( 0.9) 2.8 ( 0.7) 2.7 ( 0.6) 6.0 ( 1.1) 8.1 ( 1.7) 4.4 ( 0.9) Hispanic ................... 11 16 3.7 ( 0.4) 3.9 ( 3.1) 1.4 ( 0.4) 3.5 ( 1.1) 11.2 ( 5.7) 3.1 ( 1.3) 1.9 ( 0.5) 5.8 ( 1.0) 2.4 ( 0.5) 4.8 ( 1.4) 4.1 ( 0.8) Asian/ Pacific Islander 12 13 3.2 ( 0.4) 6.6 ( 6.3) 2.2 ( 0.6) 0.5 ( 0.3) 8.1 ( 2.6) 1.0 ( 0.3) 3.7 ( 0.9) 3.7 ( 0.8) 4.3 ( 0.8) 1.0 ( 0.3) 4.3 ( 2.0) American Indian/ Alaskan Native ...... 2 4 1.0 ( 0.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 1.9 ( 1.3) 0.9 ( 0.9) 0.7 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.8) 1.3 ( 0.5) 0.5 ( 0.3) 0.9 ( 0.4) 1.0 ( 0.7)

Age Under 30 .................. 20 15 3.6 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) 1.3 ( 0.5) 1.6 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) 5.3 ( 1.7) 2.0 ( 0.6) 7.4 ( 1.4) 3.8 ( 0.9) 3.4 ( 0.8) 2.4 ( 0.5) 30 to 34 .................... 36 37 8.9 ( 0.7) 15.9 ( 7.6) 9.4 ( 4.2) 5.1 ( 1.5) 3.7 ( 2.4) 8.6 ( 1.9) 7.7 ( 1.8) 9.7 ( 1.3) 7.9 ( 1.0) 9.1 ( 2.5) 11.6 ( 1.8) 35 to 39 .................... 59 47 11.4 ( 0.7) 25.6 ( 8.0) 8.1 ( 1.5) 9.3 ( 2.1) 13.4 ( 4.8) 14.6 ( 2.4) 15.5 ( 2.9) 7.1 ( 1.0) 13.6 ( 1.8) 8.8 ( 1.7) 12.6 ( 1.7) 40 to 44 .................... 70 60 14.5 ( 0.8) 18.0 ( 5.5) 13.7 ( 2.2) 8.9 ( 2.0) 19.7 ( 6.2) 20.4 ( 2.7) 17.0 ( 2.2) 13.0 ( 1.7) 12.8 ( 1.7) 14.7 ( 2.0) 16.1 ( 2.3) 45 to 49 .................... 68 72 17.3 ( 0.8) 18.4 ( 8.1) 15.6 ( 2.6) 16.4 ( 2.8) 8.0 ( 2.5) 16.5 ( 1.8) 23.9 ( 2.4) 14.5 ( 1.4) 14.9 ( 1.8) 22.3 ( 3.9) 18.0 ( 2.0) 50 to 54 .................... 45 70 16.8 ( 0.8) 16.5 ( 6.9) 20.1 ( 2.9) 24.1 ( 2.8) 14.7 ( 3.4) 14.9 ( 1.9) 16.4 ( 2.4) 15.7 ( 1.5) 17.3 ( 2.0) 15.4 ( 2.6) 15.5 ( 1.9) 55 to 59 .................... 29 47 11.3 ( 0.6) ( 2) ( 2) 13.4 ( 2.0) 8.7 ( 1.4) 17.2 ( 5.2) 8.7 ( 1.5) 6.5 ( 1.4) 13.1 ( 1.6) 15.3 ( 2.0) 10.8 ( 1.8) 10.4 ( 1.4) 60 to 64 .................... 23 29 6.9 ( 0.5) 3.2 ( 3.1) 8.3 ( 1.8) 13.3 ( 2.8) 6.8 ( 2.1) 4.9 ( 1.3) 3.0 ( 0.8) 7.8 ( 1.2) 6.1 ( 1.0) 9.3 ( 2.4) 5.3 ( 1.1) 65 or older ............... 27 38 9.2 ( 0.6) 2.4 ( 2.4) 10.2 ( 2.3) 12.8 ( 1.8) 16.5 ( 4.4) 6.1 ( 1.2) 8.1 ( 1.5) 11.7 ( 1.4) 8.4 ( 1.5) 6.3 ( 1.5) 8.3 ( 1.8)

Degree Less than bachelor's 17 20 4.9 ( 0.5) 11.6 ( 5.4) 3.1 ( 1.4) 0.5 ( 0.3) 3.7 ( 1.7) 3.3 ( 0.9) 7.7 ( 1.8) 0.2 ( 0.1) 4.3 ( 1.3) 0.2 ( 0.2) 13.4 ( 1.8) Bachelor's ................ 63 59 14.1 ( 0.7) 20.0 ( 8.2) 18.0 ( 2.8) 11.9 ( 2.9) 19.1 ( 4.4) 27.0 ( 3.3) 15.1 ( 2.1) 7.1 ( 1.1) 14.1 ( 1.7) 4.1 ( 1.3) 17.7 ( 1.9) Master's ................... 190 225 54.1 ( 1.2) 54.6 ( 8.8) 65.7 ( 3.4) 59.7 ( 3.5) 32.3 ( 6.7) 59.5 ( 3.3) 34.8 ( 3.7) 69.6 ( 2.0) 57.6 ( 2.4) 56.3 ( 0.4) 39.3 ( 2.8) First professional ..... 40 36 8.7 ( 0.8) 2.7 ( 2.7) 3.8 ( 1.0) 2.1 ( 0.6) 4.2 ( 2.3) 1.4 ( 0.5) 33.3 ( 4.3) 2.9 ( 0.7) 2.7 ( 0.8) 6.7 ( 1.6) 15.2 ( 2.0) Doctorate ................. 59 76 18.2 ( 0.8) 11.1 ( 4.7) 9.4 ( 2.0) 25.8 ( 2.9) 40.7 ( 7.1) 8.7 ( 1.6) 9.0 ( 1.6) 20.2 ( 1.8) 21.3 ( 2.0) 32.8 ( 3.3) 14.5 ( 2.1)

Rank Full professor ........... 32 30 7.3 ( 0.7) 5.63 ( 3.9) 6.3 ( 2.0) 4.3 ( 1.0) 16.8 ( 4.1) 6.5 ( 1.7) 8.1 ( 1.9) 6.7 ( 1.1) 7.4 ( 1.6) 10.0 ( 4.0) 7.3 ( 1.4) Associate professor 23 19 4.7 ( 0.5) 3.01 ( 3.0) 3.7 ( 1.0) 3.5 ( 1.0) 9.9 ( 4.5) 3.0 ( 0.9) 11.3 ( 1.9) 2.4 ( 0.7) 4.1 ( 1.0) 5.5 ( 1.7) 3.8 ( 1.0) Assistant professor .. 24 23 5.6 ( 0.6) 2.58 ( 2.4) 3.0 ( 0.8) 4.5 ( 1.0) 2.2 ( 1.2) 5.7 ( 1.4) 16.8 ( 3.7) 3.3 ( 0.7) 3.4 ( 0.7) 6.2 ( 1.1) 4.3 ( 0.9) Instructor or lecturer 215 205 49.4 ( 1.2) 64.47 ( 9.0) 50.6 ( 4.2) 43.5 ( 3.3) 37.5 ( 6.4) 53.4 ( 3.1) 46.0 ( 3.9) 54.9 ( 2.3) 51.0 ( 2.5) 43.2 ( 3.6) 48.9 ( 2.9) Lecturer .................... 45 46 11.1 ( 0.8) 10.23 ( 4.4) 11.4 ( 2.3) 12.9 ( 2.8) 9.3 ( 2.8) 14.5 ( 2.5) 5.9 ( 1.6) 11.9 ( 1.5) 10.8 ( 1.6) 12.8 ( 2.4) 11.3 ( 2.6) Other/ no rank ........... 28 75 18.1 ( 0.8) 11.46 ( 5.0) 21.0 ( 2.6) 24.8 ( 2.8) 18.1 ( 4.6) 12.0 ( 1.8) 10.8 ( 1.5) 17.6 ( 1.8) 17.1 ( 1.7) 20.2 ( 2.4) 21.7 ( 2.3) No rank .................... 9 16 4.0 ( 0.4) 2.62 ( 2.6) 4.1 ( 1.6) 6.4 ( 2.2) 6.2 ( 4.2) 5.0 ( 1.1) 1.3 ( 0.4) 3.3 ( 0.7) 6.1 ( 1.2) 2.1 ( 0.7) 2.7 ( 0.6)

  Not applicable. 1 Detail may not sum to totals due to survey item nonresponse and rounding. 2 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993 and 1999. ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 278 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 233.   Full time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by instruction activities and type and control of institution: Fall 1998 Instruction activities All institutions Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of full time instructional faculty and staff ( in thousands) ............................................................. 560 ( 4.8) 138 ( 2.3) 39 ( 1.7) 58 ( 1.6) 21 ( 0.6) 83 ( 1.9) 38 ( 1.1) 48 ( 1.3) 102 ( 1.7) 35 ( 1.5) Percentage distribution .................................................. 100.0   24.5 ( 0.4) 7.0 ( 0.3) 10.4 ( 0.3) 3.7 ( 0.1) 14.8 ( 0.3) 6.7 ( 0.2) 8.5 ( 0.2) 18.3 ( 0.3) 6.2 ( 0.3)

Hours worked per week Average hours worked per week ...................................... 53.3 ( 0.2) 55.8 ( 0.3) 55.4 ( 0.8) 56.0 ( 0.6) 53.7 ( 0.7) 52.4 ( 0.4) 51.7 ( 0.7) 53.8 ( 0.5) 49.1 ( 0.4) 52.6 ( 0.8) Paid activities within institution .................................... 45.9 ( 0.2) 49.5 ( 0.3) 48.5 ( 0.8) 48.5 ( 0.8) 45.9 ( 0.7) 45.1 ( 0.4) 43.5 ( 0.6) 46.6 ( 0.5) 40.4 ( 0.3) 43.8 ( 0.6) Unpaid activities within institution ................................ 3.2 ( 0.1) 2.2 ( 0.2) 2.4 ( 0.3) 2.7 ( 0.2) 3.0 ( 0.3) 3.4 ( 0.2) 2.7 ( 0.2) 3.5 ( 0.3) 4.6 ( 0.2) 3.5 ( 0.4) Outside paid activities .................................................. 2.6 ( 0.1) 2.4 ( 0.2) 2.8 ( 0.3) 2.8 ( 0.5) 3.3 ( 0.3) 2.2 ( 0.2) 3.6 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.2) 2.7 ( 0.2) 3.4 ( 0.4) Unpaid activities outside institution .............................. 1.7 ( 0.0) 1.6 ( 0.1) 1.7 ( 0.2) 1.9 ( 0.3) 1.5 ( 0.1) 1.8 ( 0.1) 1.8 ( 0.2) 1.3 ( 0.1) 1.4 ( 0.1) 2.0 ( 0.2)

Work time distribution ( percent) Total .................................................................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Teaching ...................................................................... 56.6 ( 0.3) 45.9 ( 0.7) 41.9 ( 1.2) 47.4 ( 1.1) 46.1 ( 1.6) 63.1 ( 0.8) 61.2 ( 1.2) 65.4 ( 1.1) 71.9 ( 0.6) 60.0 ( 1.8) Research/ scholarship ................................................... 15.2 ( 0.2) 25.9 ( 0.6) 29.1 ( 1.2) 19.4 ( 0.8) 19.9 ( 1.1) 11.0 ( 0.4) 8.6 ( 0.5) 8.1 ( 0.5) 3.8 ( 0.2) 7.4 ( 0.5) Professional growth ..................................................... 4.5 ( 0.1) 3.5 ( 0.2) 3.4 ( 0.3) 3.8 ( 0.2) 4.5 ( 0.5) 4.5 ( 0.2) 4.7 ( 0.3) 4.2 ( 0.2) 6.3 ( 0.2) 5.3 ( 0.4) Administration .............................................................. 13.9 ( 0.2) 13.1 ( 0.4) 13.7 ( 0.7) 15.2 ( 0.8) 14.8 ( 1.8) 12.8 ( 0.6) 16.8 ( 1.1) 15.5 ( 0.9) 11.5 ( 0.4) 18.9 ( 1.7) Outside consulting ....................................................... 3.3 ( 0.1) 3.0 ( 0.2) 3.0 ( 0.3) 3.1 ( 0.3) 4.1 ( 0.5) 3.0 ( 0.2) 4.9 ( 0.7) 3.1 ( 0.5) 3.5 ( 0.3) 3.8 ( 0.4) Service/ non teaching ................................................... 6.5 ( 0.2) 8.6 ( 0.4) 8.8 ( 0.9) 11.1 ( 0.9) 10.7 ( 1.1) 5.5 ( 0.3) 3.9 ( 0.3) 3.8 ( 0.3) 3.2 ( 0.2) 4.5 ( 0.4)

Preferred work time distribution ( percent) Total .................................................................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Teaching ...................................................................... 52.3 ( 0.3) 42.3 ( 0.6) 38.1 ( 1.1) 44.0 ( 0.9) 42.4 ( 1.4) 57.0 ( 0.7) 55.4 ( 1.1) 59.7 ( 0.8) 68.6 ( 0.6) 54.5 ( 1.7) Research/ scholarship ................................................... 21.9 ( 0.3) 32.8 ( 0.6) 37.1 ( 1.2) 27.3 ( 0.8) 26.5 ( 1.1) 18.8 ( 0.5) 15.0 ( 0.6) 15.9 ( 0.7) 7.3 ( 0.3) 16.4 ( 1.5) Professional growth ..................................................... 7.6 ( 0.1) 6.5 ( 0.3) 6.2 ( 0.4) 6.6 ( 0.2) 6.8 ( 0.4) 7.7 ( 0.3) 8.3 ( 0.4) 7.8 ( 0.3) 9.3 ( 0.3) 8.9 ( 0.5) Administration .............................................................. 8.3 ( 0.2) 7.2 ( 0.3) 7.7 ( 0.6) 8.7 ( 0.5) 9.8 ( 1.4) 7.5 ( 0.4) 11.0 ( 0.9) 9.5 ( 0.7) 7.4 ( 0.4) 11.8 ( 1.4) Outside consulting ....................................................... 3.8 ( 0.1) 3.5 ( 0.2) 3.3 ( 0.7) 3.7 ( 0.3) 4.6 ( 0.5) 3.8 ( 0.3) 5.9 ( 0.9) 3.3 ( 0.4) 3.8 ( 0.3) 3.8 ( 0.3) Service/ non teaching ................................................... 6.1 ( 0.1) 7.7 ( 0.4) 7.5 ( 0.7) 9.7 ( 0.6) 9.8 ( 0.9) 5.2 ( 0.3) 4.4 ( 0.3) 3.8 ( 0.2) 3.6 ( 0.2) 4.6 ( 0.4)

Distribution of hours taught per week ( percent) Total hours taught per week ............................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 4.0 ............................................................... 22.2 ( 0.5) 36.3 ( 1.2) 42.5 ( 2.7) 28.6 ( 1.8) 34.0 ( 2.8) 11.9 ( 1.0) 13.4 ( 2.1) 8.2 ( 1.0) 9.5 ( 0.7) 17.3 ( 2.7) 4.0 to 5.9 ...................................................................... 6.8 ( 0.4) 10.7 ( 0.8) 13.9 ( 3.0) 7.0 ( 1.0) 9.4 ( 1.4) 4.8 ( 0.7) 3.9 ( 0.7) 5.1 ( 1.0) 2.4 ( 0.4) 4.4 ( 0.9) 6.0 to 7.9 ...................................................................... 14.4 ( 0.4) 21.8 ( 1.1) 19.9 ( 2.1) 18.6 ( 1.5) 15.7 ( 1.7) 11.1 ( 0.9) 13.0 ( 1.5) 12.8 ( 1.4) 4.8 ( 0.6) 10.7 ( 1.9) 8.0 to 9.9 ...................................................................... 13.9 ( 0.4) 11.9 ( 0.9) 7.6 ( 1.3) 18.2 ( 1.8) 17.3 ( 1.8) 19.0 ( 1.2) 22.2 ( 1.8) 20.3 ( 1.8) 4.8 ( 0.6) 16.3 ( 2.5) 10.0 to 14.9 .................................................................. 21.4 ( 0.5) 11.5 ( 0.9) 10.7 ( 1.4) 15.7 ( 1.5) 11.5 ( 1.6) 35.3 ( 1.6) 29.8 ( 1.9) 34.8 ( 2.1) 21.4 ( 1.1) 27.6 ( 2.3) 15.0 or more ................................................................ 21.4 ( 0.5) 7.9 ( 0.7) 5.4 ( 1.0) 12.0 ( 1.2) 12.2 ( 1.6) 18.0 ( 1.2) 17.7 ( 1.6) 18.7 ( 1.7) 57.1 ( 1.3) 23.6 ( 2.7)

Distribution of number of students taught ( percent) Total students taught ........................................................ 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 25 ................................................................ 21.1 ( 0.5) 33.1 ( 1.2) 37.8 ( 2.6) 27.4 ( 1.8) 36.3 ( 2.8) 10.7 ( 0.9) 14.8 ( 2.1) 12.0 ( 1.3) 9.3 ( 0.7) 14.7 ( 2.4) 25 to 49 ........................................................................ 17.0 ( 0.5) 19.2 ( 1.1) 19.5 ( 2.0) 16.4 ( 1.3) 15.6 ( 1.7) 15.4 ( 1.1) 18.6 ( 1.6) 22.2 ( 1.7) 12.1 ( 0.8) 16.6 ( 2.4) 50 to 74 ........................................................................ 17.7 ( 0.5) 14.2 ( 0.9) 10.3 ( 1.5) 16.4 ( 1.7) 16.9 ( 1.7) 20.8 ( 1.5) 24.3 ( 1.9) 26.2 ( 2.1) 15.8 ( 1.0) 23.1 ( 2.5) 75 to 99 ........................................................................ 14.4 ( 0.4) 9.1 ( 0.8) 8.1 ( 1.5) 10.6 ( 1.2) 10.8 ( 1.4) 17.9 ( 1.2) 20.8 ( 1.7) 19.1 ( 1.7) 18.3 ( 1.1) 17.3 ( 2.5) 100 to 149 .................................................................... 16.9 ( 0.4) 10.6 ( 0.7) 11.1 ( 1.7) 12.4 ( 1.2) 9.9 ( 1.5) 23.7 ( 1.3) 16.0 ( 1.4) 14.9 ( 1.6) 27.6 ( 1.2) 15.6 ( 1.8) 150 or more ................................................................. 12.9 ( 0.4) 13.9 ( 0.9) 13.2 ( 2.8) 16.9 ( 1.6) 10.5 ( 1.5) 11.5 ( 0.9) 5.6 ( 1.0) 5.6 ( 0.8) 16.9 ( 1.0) 12.7 ( 1.9)

Distribution of student classroom contact hours per week ( percent) 1 Total contact hours ........................................................... 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 50 ................................................................ 17.7 ( 0.5) 29.0 ( 1.2) 36.2 ( 2.6) 23.2 ( 1.6) 33.1 ( 2.8) 8.2 ( 0.8) 9.5 ( 1.5) 8.0 ( 1.1) 7.0 ( 0.7) 10.8 ( 1.5) 50 to 99 ........................................................................ 9.0 ( 0.4) 11.9 ( 0.8) 12.3 ( 1.6) 10.3 ( 1.2) 9.2 ( 1.3) 6.9 ( 0.8) 10.7 ( 1.9) 9.2 ( 1.0) 4.0 ( 0.5) 9.1 ( 2.3) 100 to 199 .................................................................... 20.1 ( 0.5) 20.6 ( 1.1) 19.7 ( 2.0) 20.8 ( 1.6) 20.3 ( 1.9) 22.1 ( 1.5) 26.4 ( 2.0) 26.9 ( 1.8) 11.7 ( 0.9) 21.9 ( 2.3) 200 to 349 .................................................................... 26.2 ( 0.6) 18.4 ( 1.0) 14.5 ( 1.9) 21.7 ( 1.8) 21.5 ( 2.0) 32.4 ( 1.5) 34.4 ( 2.0) 39.5 ( 2.2) 27.8 ( 1.2) 33.5 ( 3.1) 350 to 499 .................................................................... 13.2 ( 0.4) 8.6 ( 0.7) 5.3 ( 0.9) 10.1 ( 1.2) 7.3 ( 1.2) 18.4 ( 1.2) 11.8 ( 1.3) 10.5 ( 1.3) 24.0 ( 1.2) 9.9 ( 1.2) 500 or more ................................................................. 13.7 ( 0.5) 11.5 ( 0.9) 11.9 ( 2.8) 14.0 ( 1.5) 8.6 ( 1.4) 12.0 ( 0.9) 7.1 ( 1.2) 5.8 ( 0.8) 25.5 ( 1.2) 14.9 ( 2.0)

Distribution of total classroom credit hours ( percent) Total credit hours .............................................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 4.0 ............................................................... 23.7 ( 0.6) 35.4 ( 1.4) 40.2 ( 2.9) 29.1 ( 2.0) 31.1 ( 3.6) 12.8 ( 1.1) 15.1 ( 2.5) 12.4 ( 1.5) 12.7 ( 1.0) 19.7 ( 3.2) 4.0 to 5.9 ...................................................................... 7.0 ( 0.3) 9.8 ( 0.6) 10.1 ( 1.6) 5.9 ( 1.0) 9.1 ( 1.4) 3.8 ( 0.6) 6.5 ( 1.4) 6.8 ( 1.2) 3.6 ( 0.5) 8.7 ( 2.9) 6.0 to 7.9 ...................................................................... 17.1 ( 0.5) 24.7 ( 1.3) 20.2 ( 2.4) 21.2 ( 1.7) 20.0 ( 1.8) 13.4 ( 1.0) 13.1 ( 1.5) 13.2 ( 1.6) 7.9 ( 0.9) 14.2 ( 2.1) 8.0 to 9.9 ...................................................................... 17.1 ( 0.6) 12.6 ( 0.9) 13.9 ( 3.3) 21.2 ( 2.1) 19.6 ( 1.9) 24.8 ( 1.9) 23.6 ( 1.9) 18.8 ( 1.8) 11.5 ( 1.1) 16.7 ( 1.9) 10.0 to 14.9 .................................................................. 24.7 ( 0.6) 12.2 ( 0.9) 9.2 ( 1.2) 15.1 ( 1.5) 10.6 ( 1.4) 37.7 ( 1.8) 34.8 ( 2.0) 41.0 ( 2.8) 34.9 ( 1.6) 30.5 ( 2.9) 15.0 or more ................................................................ 10.4 ( 0.4) 5.4 ( 0.6) 6.4 ( 0.9) 7.6 ( 1.0) 9.6 ( 1.6) 7.6 ( 0.7) 7.0 ( 1.2) 7.8 ( 1.0) 29.4 ( 1.5) 10.3 ( 1.5)

Number of classes taught for credit Faculty with undergraduate classes only ( percent) Total undergraduate credit courses .................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   1 ................................................................................... 12.8 ( 0.6) 26.9 ( 1.7) 27.5 ( 4.0) 18.0 ( 2.2) 15.1 ( 3.3) 8.4 ( 1.1) 11.2 ( 2.5) 7.6 ( 1.2) 6.8 ( 0.7) 15.8 ( 4.5) 2 ................................................................................... 19.5 ( 0.6) 37.2 ( 2.0) 42.0 ( 4.5) 27.8 ( 2.8) 30.2 ( 3.7) 17.5 ( 1.6) 15.6 ( 1.7) 18.6 ( 1.7) 9.3 ( 0.8) 11.1 ( 1.7) 3 ................................................................................... 22.1 ( 0.7) 18.6 ( 1.8) 14.9 ( 3.6) 29.9 ( 2.9) 32.5 ( 3.8) 30.7 ( 2.2) 31.0 ( 2.6) 28.7 ( 2.0) 12.7 ( 0.9) 18.8 ( 2.3) 4 ................................................................................... 20.1 ( 0.6) 8.8 ( 1.2) 5.4 ( 1.5) 14.2 ( 2.2) 13.6 ( 3.2) 28.8 ( 1.7) 24.5 ( 2.1) 25.3 ( 2.3) 19.6 ( 1.1) 28.1 ( 2.9) 5 or more ..................................................................... 25.4 ( 0.6) 8.6 ( 1.0) 10.3 ( 2.3) 10.1 ( 1.4) 8.6 ( 2.2) 14.6 ( 1.2) 17.7 ( 2.1) 19.8 ( 1.7) 51.6 ( 1.4) 26.2 ( 3.4)

Faculty with graduate classes only ( percent) Total graduate credit courses ........................................... 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0       100.0   1 ................................................................................... 41.2 ( 1.7) 48.0 ( 2.7) 49.5 ( 5.8) 33.8 ( 3.7) 40.2 ( 4.3) 30.4 ( 4.6) 29.3 ( 6.1) 22.5 ( 7.7)     30.7 ( 6.9) 2 ................................................................................... 30.1 ( 1.7) 27.8 ( 2.4) 35.4 ( 6.6) 31.4 ( 4.2) 32.9 ( 3.9) 24.1 ( 3.9) 36.7 ( 5.6) 45.4 ( 12.3)     23.6 ( 4.6) 3 ................................................................................... 14.3 ( 1.3) 12.5 ( 2.1) 6.6 ( 1.6) 18.1 ( 4.7) 11.0 ( 2.6) 23.3 ( 4.2) 17.6 ( 4.4) 21.3 ( 7.8)     22.3 ( 4.6) 4 ................................................................................... 5.8 ( 0.8) 4.1 ( 0.8) 2.5 ( 0.9) 4.4 ( 1.3) 4.4 ( 1.6) 11.2 ( 3.0) 14.1 ( 4.0) 1.9 ( 1.9)     14.6 ( 6.3) 5 or more ..................................................................... 8.6 ( 0.8) 7.7 ( 1.1) 6.0 ( 1.6) 12.3 ( 3.3) 11.4 ( 2.6) 11.1 ( 2.7) 2.3 ( 1.7) 8.9 ( 4.8)     9.0 ( 2.6)

Faculty with both undergraduate and graduate classes ( percent) Total undergraduate and graduate courses ..................... 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0       100.0   2 ................................................................................... 35.7 ( 1.6) 53.0 ( 2.9) 56.2 ( 5.9) 35.9 ( 4.2) 27.3 ( 4.8) 16.8 ( 2.2) 18.3 ( 4.1) 2.9 ( 1.7)     18.7 ( 9.2) 3 ................................................................................... 31.0 ( 1.5) 26.0 ( 2.7) 18.6 ( 3.8) 35.6 ( 4.1) 42.4 ( 5.1) 36.3 ( 2.9) 30.0 ( 4.6) 50.9 ( 9.4)     24.9 ( 9.2) 4 ................................................................................... 15.0 ( 1.0) 7.7 ( 1.3) 5.5 ( 2.1) 10.1 ( 2.1) 12.7 ( 3.7) 26.3 ( 2.5) 28.9 ( 4.4) 31.4 ( 7.4)     17.4 ( 5.8) 5 or more ..................................................................... 18.3 ( 1.2) 13.2 ( 1.7) 19.7 ( 4.0) 18.4 ( 3.1) 17.6 ( 4.1) 20.6 ( 2.7) 22.8 ( 4.7) 14.9 ( 4.9)     38.9 ( 10.1)

  Not applicable.

1 Distribution of student classroom contact hours per week by percent are the contact hours that faculty and instructional staff spend each week with students during classroom instruction multiplied by the number of students taught. NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1999. ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 279 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 234.   Part time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by instruction activities and type and control of institution: Fall 1998 Instruction activities All institutions Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Number of part time instructional faculty and staff ( in thousands) ............................................................. 416 ( 5.9) 36 ( 1.5) 15 ( 1.5) 26 ( 1.6) 18 ( 0.5) 48 ( 2.1) 37 ( 1.4) 33 ( 2.1) 170 ( 3.9) 34 ( 1.5) Percentage distribution .................................................. 100.0   8.6 ( 0.4) 3.6 ( 0.4) 6.1 ( 0.4) 4.3 ( 0.1) 11.6 ( 0.5) 8.8 ( 0.3) 7.9 ( 0.5) 40.9 ( 0.9) 8.1 ( 0.4)

Hours worked per week Average hours worked per week ...................................... 36.9 ( 0.5) 39.6 ( 1.4) 38.9 ( 3.2) 38.9 ( 1.9) 39.9 ( 1.5) 39.0 ( 1.2) 34.5 ( 1.3) 37.5 ( 1.8) 35.5 ( 0.8) 37.0 ( 1.5) Paid activities within institution .................................... 14.2 ( 0.2) 18.4 ( 0.8) 15.4 ( 1.5) 15.5 ( 1.2) 12.7 ( 0.8) 15.0 ( 0.6) 14.1 ( 0.7) 15.8 ( 0.9) 13.1 ( 0.4) 12.7 ( 0.6) Unpaid activities within institution ................................ 2.8 ( 0.2) 2.8 ( 0.4) 3.0 ( 0.9) 3.0 ( 0.7) 2.5 ( 0.3) 3.5 ( 1.0) 1.6 ( 0.2) 2.6 ( 0.4) 3.0 ( 0.2) 2.0 ( 0.3) Outside paid activities .................................................. 18.2 ( 0.4) 16.4 ( 1.3) 18.2 ( 2.8) 18.8 ( 2.2) 22.9 ( 1.4) 18.7 ( 1.2) 17.4 ( 1.2) 16.9 ( 1.5) 17.8 ( 0.7) 20.6 ( 1.4) Unpaid activities outside institution .............................. 1.7 ( 0.1) 2.0 ( 0.4) 2.3 ( 0.6) 1.6 ( 0.2) 1.9 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 0.2) 1.4 ( 0.2) 2.2 ( 0.4) 1.5 ( 0.1) 1.8 ( 0.2)

Work time distribution ( percent) Total .................................................................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Teaching ...................................................................... 61.7 ( 0.7) 57.8 ( 2.2) 44.0 ( 3.4) 52.3 ( 3.4) 50.4 ( 2.3) 62.7 ( 2.0) 64.8 ( 2.1) 62.6 ( 2.6) 66.4 ( 1.1) 57.3 ( 2.2) Research/ scholarship ................................................... 4.8 ( 0.2) 9.2 ( 1.1) 8.7 ( 1.6) 6.8 ( 1.0) 8.6 ( 1.1) 5.4 ( 0.6) 5.1 ( 0.7) 4.6 ( 1.0) 2.9 ( 0.2) 3.7 ( 0.5) Professional growth ..................................................... 5.6 ( 0.2) 5.9 ( 0.7) 3.6 ( 0.8) 4.9 ( 0.6) 5.6 ( 0.6) 5.9 ( 0.6) 4.4 ( 0.5) 6.5 ( 0.8) 5.9 ( 0.4) 5.8 ( 1.0) Administration .............................................................. 3.6 ( 0.2) 3.9 ( 0.6) 5.3 ( 2.5) 4.8 ( 0.8) 4.1 ( 0.6) 2.4 ( 0.3) 3.4 ( 0.5) 4.5 ( 0.9) 3.4 ( 0.4) 3.9 ( 0.7) Outside consulting ....................................................... 19.1 ( 0.6) 16.4 ( 1.8) 33.2 ( 4.7) 17.9 ( 3.6) 21.4 ( 2.3) 18.8 ( 1.7) 18.6 ( 1.7) 16.2 ( 1.9) 17.9 ( 1.0) 24.6 ( 2.2) Service/ non teaching ................................................... 5.1 ( 0.3) 6.8 ( 1.2) 5.2 ( 1.5) 13.3 ( 2.8) 9.8 ( 1.4) 4.7 ( 0.7) 3.7 ( 0.6) 5.6 ( 0.8) 3.5 ( 0.5) 4.8 ( 1.1)

Preferred work time distribution ( percent) Total .................................................................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Teaching ...................................................................... 61.1 ( 0.7) 55.3 ( 2.0) 43.9 ( 3.5) 51.0 ( 3.1) 52.6 ( 2.1) 61.7 ( 1.8) 63.7 ( 2.0) 62.1 ( 2.3) 66.4 ( 1.1) 55.4 ( 2.1) Research/ scholarship ................................................... 8.1 ( 0.3) 15.0 ( 1.3) 13.0 ( 1.8) 10.5 ( 1.1) 11.5 ( 1.2) 8.4 ( 0.7) 8.3 ( 0.8) 8.4 ( 1.1) 5.4 ( 0.3) 7.7 ( 0.8) Professional growth ..................................................... 7.9 ( 0.3) 7.8 ( 0.7) 5.6 ( 0.9) 7.6 ( 0.7) 6.8 ( 0.6) 8.2 ( 0.7) 6.2 ( 0.6) 8.4 ( 1.0) 8.4 ( 0.6) 8.2 ( 1.0) Administration .............................................................. 2.7 ( 0.2) 2.6 ( 0.4) 2.2 ( 0.6) 3.2 ( 0.6) 2.9 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 0.3) 2.9 ( 0.5) 3.7 ( 0.6) 2.5 ( 0.3) 2.6 ( 0.4) Outside consulting ....................................................... 15.0 ( 0.6) 13.2 ( 1.5) 29.8 ( 4.8) 15.4 ( 3.5) 16.4 ( 1.8) 14.4 ( 1.5) 15.2 ( 1.5) 12.1 ( 1.4) 13.7 ( 0.9) 19.9 ( 2.1) Service/ non teaching ................................................... 5.2 ( 0.3) 6.1 ( 1.1) 5.6 ( 1.5) 12.5 ( 2.8) 9.8 ( 1.4) 5.2 ( 0.8) 3.7 ( 0.5) 5.3 ( 0.9) 3.5 ( 0.5) 6.3 ( 1.4)

Distribution of hours taught per week ( percent) Total hours taught per week ............................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 4.0 ............................................................... 37.2 ( 1.0) 47.3 ( 3.2) 56.3 ( 6.5) 49.5 ( 4.4) 53.7 ( 3.3) 45.0 ( 2.9) 36.0 ( 2.9) 33.4 ( 3.6) 29.1 ( 1.5) 35.2 ( 3.2) 4.0 to 5.9 ...................................................................... 12.5 ( 0.7) 12.0 ( 2.2) 12.5 ( 6.2) 8.0 ( 1.7) 14.5 ( 2.3) 11.3 ( 1.6) 16.3 ( 2.7) 15.4 ( 3.0) 12.2 ( 1.0) 11.3 ( 1.7) 6.0 to 7.9 ...................................................................... 17.8 ( 0.8) 19.6 ( 2.5) 8.3 ( 2.1) 17.3 ( 3.0) 13.0 ( 2.1) 16.8 ( 1.9) 16.0 ( 2.5) 22.6 ( 4.3) 18.3 ( 1.2) 19.6 ( 3.2) 8.0 to 9.9 ...................................................................... 12.3 ( 0.7) 6.9 ( 1.2) 8.6 ( 3.2) 11.5 ( 2.6) 8.0 ( 1.7) 11.0 ( 1.7) 14.6 ( 2.4) 14.4 ( 2.6) 13.8 ( 1.3) 12.2 ( 2.7) 10.0 to 14.9 .................................................................. 11.1 ( 0.6) 9.2 ( 1.7) 7.5 ( 3.2) 6.8 ( 1.6) 5.5 ( 1.5) 9.2 ( 1.5) 9.8 ( 1.8) 7.5 ( 1.5) 14.1 ( 1.1) 14.0 ( 2.3) 15.0 or more ................................................................ 9.0 ( 0.6) 5.1 ( 1.0) 6.9 ( 3.2) 6.9 ( 1.7) 5.2 ( 1.4) 6.6 ( 2.6) 7.3 ( 1.3) 6.6 ( 1.9) 12.4 ( 1.0) 7.7 ( 1.5)

Distribution of number of students taught ( percent) Total students taught ........................................................ 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 25 ................................................................ 39.5 ( 1.0) 39.0 ( 3.2) 55.1 ( 6.2) 45.8 ( 4.4) 51.6 ( 3.3) 29.3 ( 2.5) 43.3 ( 3.2) 41.1 ( 4.0) 38.2 ( 1.6) 37.8 ( 3.2) 25 to 49 ........................................................................ 28.6 ( 0.9) 26.3 ( 2.9) 19.4 ( 4.4) 20.4 ( 3.2) 26.5 ( 2.9) 33.5 ( 2.7) 31.4 ( 3.1) 31.9 ( 4.2) 29.3 ( 1.5) 25.7 ( 2.7) 50 to 74 ........................................................................ 14.6 ( 0.7) 14.9 ( 2.1) 12.8 ( 4.2) 12.6 ( 2.7) 11.4 ( 2.0) 15.5 ( 1.8) 13.6 ( 1.9) 13.8 ( 2.6) 15.7 ( 1.1) 13.0 ( 2.5) 75 to 99 ........................................................................ 7.2 ( 0.5) 6.4 ( 1.1) 3.1 ( 1.2) 6.6 ( 1.5) 5.0 ( 1.4) 10.5 ( 2.7) 5.7 ( 1.1) 5.5 ( 1.3) 7.5 ( 0.8) 8.5 ( 2.0) 100 to 149 .................................................................... 6.4 ( 0.5) 6.7 ( 1.1) 3.6 ( 1.6) 6.7 ( 2.0) 2.9 ( 1.0) 7.2 ( 1.6) 4.2 ( 1.2) 6.1 ( 2.3) 6.5 ( 0.7) 9.4 ( 2.4) 150 or more ................................................................. 3.7 ( 0.4) 6.7 ( 1.5) 6.0 ( 3.1) 7.9 ( 2.2) 2.6 ( 1.1) 4.0 ( 1.1) 1.8 ( 0.6) 1.6 ( 0.6) 2.8 ( 0.4) 5.5 ( 2.5)

Distribution of student classroom contact hours per week ( percent) 1 Total contact hours ........................................................... 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 50 ................................................................ 26.8 ( 0.9) 32.3 ( 3.2) 50.1 ( 6.4) 39.2 ( 4.4) 44.8 ( 3.3) 18.1 ( 2.1) 27.9 ( 2.6) 32.8 ( 3.9) 21.2 ( 1.4) 25.9 ( 2.8) 50 to 99 ........................................................................ 21.0 ( 0.8) 16.9 ( 2.4) 12.6 ( 3.5) 16.5 ( 3.1) 18.9 ( 2.5) 28.4 ( 2.6) 24.3 ( 2.9) 20.3 ( 2.5) 20.7 ( 1.3) 21.9 ( 2.6) 100 to 199 .................................................................... 27.2 ( 0.9) 24.1 ( 2.7) 19.6 ( 4.9) 20.1 ( 2.8) 22.4 ( 2.7) 26.6 ( 2.3) 30.4 ( 3.1) 28.3 ( 4.3) 29.4 ( 1.6) 26.6 ( 2.9) 200 to 349 .................................................................... 15.1 ( 0.7) 15.2 ( 2.1) 10.4 ( 3.5) 14.0 ( 2.8) 8.2 ( 1.8) 14.8 ( 2.0) 11.4 ( 1.6) 11.7 ( 2.0) 17.5 ( 1.2) 16.9 ( 3.0) 350 to 499 .................................................................... 5.1 ( 0.5) 5.6 ( 1.0) 2.0 ( 1.0) 2.1 ( 0.7) 4.3 ( 1.3) 7.4 ( 2.7) 4.5 ( 1.2) 3.6 ( 1.6) 6.0 ( 0.7) 3.5 ( 1.1) 500 or more ................................................................. 4.8 ( 0.4) 6.0 ( 1.2) 5.2 ( 3.0) 8.1 ( 2.2) 1.5 ( 0.7) 4.6 ( 1.1) 1.5 ( 0.6) 3.4 ( 1.8) 5.2 ( 0.7) 5.1 ( 2.3)

Distribution of total classroom credit hours ( percent) Total credit hours .............................................................. 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than 4.0 ............................................................... 41.9 ( 1.2) 45.7 ( 4.0) 57.5 ( 8.2) 53.1 ( 6.6) 52.1 ( 3.7) 48.1 ( 3.3) 42.4 ( 3.6) 40.0 ( 4.1) 35.8 ( 1.8) 39.7 ( 3.6) 4.0 to 5.9 ...................................................................... 11.4 ( 0.6) 11.0 ( 2.3) 7.7 ( 1.8) 5.8 ( 1.3) 11.7 ( 2.1) 11.6 ( 1.8) 10.1 ( 1.8) 13.1 ( 2.7) 13.2 ( 1.1) 8.3 ( 1.5) 6.0 to 7.9 ...................................................................... 18.8 ( 0.8) 19.7 ( 2.7) 8.4 ( 1.9) 17.2 ( 2.7) 15.7 ( 2.3) 19.2 ( 2.1) 19.3 ( 2.8) 19.7 ( 4.9) 19.5 ( 1.3) 20.2 ( 3.1) 8.0 to 9.9 ...................................................................... 11.9 ( 0.8) 9.7 ( 1.8) 4.2 ( 1.7) 11.1 ( 2.6) 7.9 ( 1.8) 8.8 ( 1.5) 13.8 ( 2.4) 14.6 ( 3.1) 14.2 ( 1.5) 9.3 ( 2.2) 10.0 to 14.9 .................................................................. 9.1 ( 0.6) 9.4 ( 1.7) 10.9 ( 4.3) 5.2 ( 1.5) 6.5 ( 1.6) 8.2 ( 1.5) 7.1 ( 1.4) 6.2 ( 1.2) 9.9 ( 0.9) 14.4 ( 2.6) 15.0 or more ................................................................ 6.8 ( 0.5) 4.5 ( 0.9) 11.3 ( 6.9) 7.6 ( 2.2) 6.1 ( 2.5) 4.2 ( 1.0) 7.4 ( 1.7) 6.4 ( 2.0) 7.4 ( 0.7) 8.1 ( 2.5)

Number of classes taught for credit Faculty with undergraduate classes only ( percent) Total undergraduate credit courses ......... ....................... 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   1 ................................................................................... 42.1 ( 1.1) 41.7 ( 4.1) 41.1 ( 6.4) 43.2 ( 5.3) 48.8 ( 4.9) 48.1 ( 3.4) 43.7 ( 4.1) 43.5 ( 4.3) 40.8 ( 1.6) 35.9 ( 3.5) 2 ................................................................................... 29.3 ( 1.0) 41.1 ( 4.0) 27.2 ( 5.5) 30.5 ( 4.8) 25.0 ( 4.2) 26.5 ( 2.6) 26.0 ( 3.3) 30.2 ( 4.9) 28.8 ( 1.5) 28.7 ( 3.1) 3 ................................................................................... 14.9 ( 0.9) 10.6 ( 2.3) 16.2 ( 5.2) 12.3 ( 3.6) 15.4 ( 3.6) 10.2 ( 2.0) 18.3 ( 3.3) 15.3 ( 2.7) 15.8 ( 1.5) 17.4 ( 3.8) 4 ................................................................................... 6.3 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.9) 6.0 ( 3.0) 7.8 ( 3.7) 2.7 ( 1.6) 7.2 ( 1.9) 5.6 ( 1.4) 7.7 ( 2.2) 6.2 ( 0.8) 8.6 ( 2.1) 5 or more ..................................................................... 7.4 ( 0.6) 4.1 ( 1.1) 9.5 ( 4.4) 6.2 ( 1.9) 8.1 ( 2.7) 8.1 ( 3.2) 6.4 ( 1.5) 3.3 ( 0.9) 8.4 ( 0.7) 9.5 ( 2.0)

Faculty with graduate classes only ( percent) Total graduate credit courses ........................................... 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   ( 2) ( 2)     100.0   1 ................................................................................... 73.6 ( 2.5) 71.3 ( 6.3) 83.3 ( 8.1) 63.2 ( 7.3) 75.1 ( 5.0) 82.6 ( 4.9) 75.0 ( 4.7) ( 2) ( 2)     66.9 ( 8.4) 2 ................................................................................... 14.0 ( 1.6) 14.1 ( 3.6) 7.2 ( 3.3) 11.4 ( 5.6) 18.9 ( 4.5) 8.7 ( 3.3) 21.9 ( 4.5) ( 2) ( 2)     12.9 ( 4.1) 3 ................................................................................... 7.0 ( 1.9) 8.6 ( 5.6) 0.0 ( 0.0) 10.7 ( 5.0) 3.8 ( 2.2) 6.3 ( 2.9) 1.3 ( 1.3) ( 2) ( 2)     18.0 ( 8.6) 4 ................................................................................... 2.3 ( 1.1) 2.6 ( 1.5) 8.1 ( 7.7) 5.1 ( 3.5) 0.0 ( 0.0) 1.2 ( 1.2) 0.0 ( 0.0) ( 2) ( 2)     0.4 ( 0.4) 5 or more ..................................................................... 3.0 ( 0.8) 3.4 ( 1.7) 1.4 ( 1.4) 9.6 ( 4.7) 2.2 ( 1.7) 1.2 ( 1.2) 1.8 ( 1.3) ( 2) ( 2)     1.8 ( 1.2)

Faculty with both undergraduate and graduate classes ( percent) Total undergraduate and graduate courses ..................... 100.0   100.0   ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 100.0   ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)     ( 2) ( 2) 2 ................................................................................... 44.7 ( 5.9) 49.6 ( 9.6) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 54.0 ( 10.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)     ( 2) ( 2) 3 ................................................................................... 24.1 ( 5.5) 18.3 ( 7.3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 15.2 ( 5.8) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)     ( 2) ( 2) 4 ................................................................................... 7.8 ( 1.9) 13.2 ( 6.5) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 3.2 ( 3.3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)     ( 2) ( 2) 5 or more ..................................................................... 23.4 ( 3.5) 18.9 ( 7.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 27.5 ( 8.1) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)     ( 2) ( 2)

  Not applicable.

1 Distribution of student classroom contact hours per week by percent are the contact hours that faculty and instructional staff spend each week with students during classroom instruction multiplied by the number of students taught.

2 Too few sample cases for a reliable estimate. NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1999. ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 280 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 235.   Percentage distribution of full time and part time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by program area, race/ ethnicity, and sex: Fall 1992 and fall 1998 Program area Number in thousands 1992 Fall 1998 Number in thousands Percent White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian/ Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Full time instructional faculty and staff Total 1 ...................................... 528 560 ( 4.8) 100.0 54.5 ( 0.6) 30.6 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 0.2) 2.5 ( 0.2) 2.0 ( 0.2) 1.3 ( 0.1) 4.0 ( 0.2) 1.8 ( 0.2) 0.5 ( 0.1) 0.2 ( 0.0)

Agriculture and home economics .. 11 10 ( 0.4) 100.0 74.3 ( 2.9) 16.4 ( 2.4) 1.7 ( 0.7) 2.3 ( 1.0) 1.2 ( 0.6) 0.1 ( 0.1) 2.2 ( 0.9) 0.7 ( 0.4) 1.0 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 2) Business ........................................ 40 39 ( 1.1) 100.0 54.7 ( 2.2) 32.0 ( 2.1) 3.8 ( 0.7) 1.5 ( 0.3) 1.0 ( 0.3) 0.7 ( 0.3) 4.4 ( 0.7) 0.8 ( 0.3) 1.2 ( 0.8) 0.1 ( 0.1) Communications ............................ 10 10 ( 1.0) 100.0 60.8 ( 5.0) 26.7 ( 3.8) 3.5 ( 1.1) 1.9 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.3) 2.3 ( 0.9) 2.8 ( 1.7) 1.0 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) 0.3 ( 0.3) Education ....................................... 37 40 ( 1.4) 100.0 37.9 ( 2.6) 45.9 ( 2.4) 2.4 ( 0.4) 6.2 ( 1.4) 1.4 ( 0.4) 1.8 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.3) 2.9 ( 0.9) 0.1 ( 0.1) 0.7 ( 0.3) Teacher education ..................... 12 14 ( 0.6) 100.0 33.1 ( 3.4) 52.6 ( 3.7) 2.2 ( 0.6) 7.7 ( 3.3) 0.2 ( 0.1) 1.2 ( 0.5) 0.3 ( 0.4) 2.5 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 2) 0.3 ( 0.3) Other education ......................... 25 26 ( 1.3) 100.0 40.4 ( 3.5) 42.3 ( 3.1) 2.5 ( 0.6) 5.4 ( 1.2) 2.1 ( 0.6) 2.2 ( 0.5) 0.9 ( 0.4) 3.1 ( 1.2) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.9 ( 0.4)

Engineering ................................... 24 25 ( 0.9) 100.0 69.9 ( 2.6) 7.1 ( 1.6) 2.3 ( 0.6) 0.1 ( 0.1) 3.5 ( 1.3) 0.4 ( 0.2) 14.5 ( 1.9) 1.6 ( 0.8) 0.6 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) Fine arts ........................................ 32 33 ( 1.4) 100.0 60.7 ( 2.6) 28.5 ( 2.3) 4.6 ( 1.0) 2.1 ( 0.6) 0.9 ( 0.3) 0.3 ( 0.1) 1.9 ( 0.5) 0.5 ( 0.2) 0.5 ( 0.3) 0.1 ( 0.1) Health sciences ............................. 79 84 ( 2.0) 100.0 42.7 ( 1.7) 42.8 ( 1.5) 1.3 ( 0.3) 3.1 ( 0.4) 1.7 ( 0.3) 1.6 ( 0.4) 3.8 ( 0.6) 2.4 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.2) 0.4 ( 0.1) First professional ....................... 37 40 ( 1.6) 100.0 60.9 ( 2.5) 22.9 ( 2.2) 1.1 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 0.4) 2.8 ( 0.7) 0.8 ( 0.2) 6.2 ( 1.1) 3.4 ( 0.7) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) Nursing ....................................... 22 20 ( 0.6) 100.0 3.5 ( 1.0) 83.9 ( 2.1) 0.0 0.0 6.4 ( 1.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) 3.6 ( 1.6) 0.2 ( 0.2) 1.4 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) 0.9 ( 0.4) Other health sciences ................ 21 24 ( 1.0) 100.0 45.0 ( 3.2) 41.8 ( 2.8) 2.6 ( 0.9) 2.6 ( 0.7) 1.2 ( 0.5) 1.4 ( 0.5) 2.7 ( 1.0) 1.5 ( 0.5) 0.9 ( 0.5) 0.3 ( 0.2)

Humanities ..................................... 74 81 ( 1.8) 100.0 47.9 ( 1.7) 36.0 ( 1.5) 2.4 ( 0.7) 2.1 ( 0.5) 3.7 ( 0.7) 2.8 ( 0.5) 1.7 ( 0.5) 3.0 ( 0.7) 0.2 ( 0.1) 0.1 ( 0.1) English and literature ................. 37 40 ( 1.2) 100.0 42.7 ( 2.4) 45.8 ( 2.3) 1.1 ( 0.3) 2.8 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 0.8) 2.1 ( 0.8) 0.9 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.7) 0.1 ( 0.1) 0.1 ( 0.1) Foreign languages ..................... 14 15 ( 0.8) 100.0 32.1 ( 3.5) 35.7 ( 3.5) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.4) 9.3 ( 2.1) 8.3 ( 1.8) 4.1 ( 2.2) 8.2 ( 2.8) 0.4 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.4) History ........................................ 15 14 ( 0.6) 100.0 59.0 ( 3.7) 26.2 ( 3.0) 3.6 ( 1.1) 3.5 ( 2.2) 3.4 ( 2.1) 1.3 ( 0.6) 0.9 ( 0.5) 1.5 ( 1.2) 0.7 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) Philosophy ................................. 8 12 ( 0.8) 100.0 72.1 ( 4.7) 15.1 ( 2.9) 7.0 ( 4.2) 0.4 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 1.0) 0.0 0.0 2.3 ( 2.0) 1.0 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

Law ................................................ 9 8 ( 0.6) 100.0 60.2 ( 5.3) 29.8 ( 5.4) 1.9 ( 0.8) 3.0 ( 1.6) 1.1 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 1.1) 1.3 ( 0.9) ( 2) ( 2)

Natural sciences ............................ 102 111 ( 2.1) 100.0 63.7 ( 1.3) 21.9 ( 1.1) 2.1 ( 0.3) 1.0 ( 0.2) 2.2 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.3) 6.9 ( 0.6) 1.2 ( 0.2) 0.2 ( 0.0) 0.1 ( 0.1) Biological sciences .................... 34 40 ( 1.3) 100.0 60.3 ( 2.3) 26.2 ( 2.0) 2.0 ( 0.5) 1.0 ( 0.3) 1.6 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.2) 6.4 ( 1.1) 1.6 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) Physical sciences ...................... 28 27 ( 0.8) 100.0 76.9 ( 2.1) 11.0 ( 1.5) 1.8 ( 0.6) 0.6 ( 0.5) 1.3 ( 0.4) 1.2 ( 1.0) 5.7 ( 1.0) 1.2 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.1 ( 0.1) Mathematics ............................... 25 26 ( 1.0) 100.0 59.3 ( 2.8) 21.4 ( 1.9) 3.3 ( 0.8) 1.1 ( 0.5) 3.7 ( 1.6) 1.1 ( 0.4) 9.2 ( 1.6) 1.0 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Computer sciences .................... 14 17 ( 0.9) 100.0 57.2 ( 3.6) 29.4 ( 3.4) 1.1 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.5) 2.7 ( 0.9) 0.4 ( 0.2) 6.6 ( 1.2) 0.7 ( 0.4) 0.6 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2)

Social sciences .............................. 58 58 ( 1.3) 100.0 58.0 ( 1.8) 26.0 ( 1.5) 3.1 ( 0.5) 3.6 ( 0.7) 1.8 ( 0.3) 1.2 ( 0.4) 3.7 ( 0.7) 1.3 ( 0.4) 1.0 ( 0.3) 0.3 ( 0.2) Economics ................................. 10 9 ( 0.6) 100.0 67.6 ( 4.4) 16.2 ( 3.1) 2.5 ( 0.9) 0.0 0.0 1.1 ( 0.6) 0.3 ( 0.2) 10.7 ( 3.6) 0.5 ( 0.4) 0.4 ( 0.4) 0.6 ( 0.6) Political science ......................... 9 8 ( 0.5) 100.0 69.7 ( 4.1) 17.5 ( 3.0) 3.5 ( 1.3) 2.9 ( 2.0) 3.2 ( 1.3) 1.1 ( 0.8) 1.3 ( 0.9) 0.8 ( 0.6) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Psychology ................................. 18 20 ( 0.7) 100.0 54.8 ( 3.1) 31.7 ( 2.9) 2.3 ( 0.7) 3.4 ( 1.1) 1.5 ( 0.5) 1.6 ( 0.6) 2.0 ( 0.6) 1.0 ( 0.4) 1.7 ( 0.7) 0.2 ( 0.2) Sociology ................................... 10 9 ( 0.4) 100.0 55.0 ( 4.2) 31.1 ( 4.0) 2.5 ( 0.9) 3.9 ( 1.4) 1.6 ( 0.7) 0.4 ( 0.4) 2.2 ( 0.9) 2.7 ( 1.9) 0.5 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) Other social sciences ................ 12 13 ( 0.6) 100.0 51.6 ( 3.7) 25.5 ( 2.9) 5.0 ( 1.3) 6.4 ( 2.2) 2.0 ( 0.7) 1.7 ( 1.2) 4.1 ( 1.4) 1.8 ( 0.8) 1.2 ( 0.7) 0.8 ( 0.4)

Occupationally specific programs ... 15 16 ( 0.8) 100.0 72.6 ( 3.2) 12.9 ( 2.3) 3.5 ( 0.9) 2.5 ( 1.0) 2.7 ( 1.7) 0.1 ( 0.1) 3.0 ( 1.4) 0.5 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.9) 0.0 0.0 All other programs ......................... 28 44 ( 1.2) 100.0 49.0 ( 2.2) 36.6 ( 2.1) 3.8 ( 0.7) 3.2 ( 0.6) 1.6 ( 0.7) 1.1 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 0.6) 0.0 ( 0.0) 0.4 ( 0.2)

Part time instructional faculty and staff Total 1 ...................................... 377 416 ( 5.9) 100.0 45.9 ( 1.0) 41.7 ( 1.0) 2.4 ( 0.3) 2.1 ( 0.2) 2.1 ( 0.3) 1.7 ( 0.2) 1.5 ( 0.2) 1.7 ( 0.4) 0.3 ( 0.1) 0.6 ( 0.2)

Agriculture and home economics ... 3 3 ( 0.2) 100.0 31.5 ( 7.8) 56.8 ( 9.5) 0.0 0.0 1.3 ( 1.3) 3.1 ( 3.1) 0.8 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) 6.7 ( 6.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Business ........................................ 35 32 ( 1.8) 100.0 57.8 ( 4.0) 33.3 ( 4.2) 2.4 ( 0.8) 3.0 ( 1.0) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.6 ( 0.2) 0.9 ( 0.4) 1.3 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Communications ............................ 10 10 ( 1.0) 100.0 43.6 ( 6.9) 50.2 ( 7.1) 1.7 ( 0.9) 1.0 ( 0.6) 1.4 ( 1.2) 0.6 ( 0.6) 1.1 ( 0.8) 0.4 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Education ....................................... 31 34 ( 1.6) 100.0 25.4 ( 2.5) 63.8 ( 3.0) 1.9 ( 0.8) 3.1 ( 0.8) 0.6 ( 0.3) 2.8 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 2) 0.5 ( 0.3) 0.2 ( 0.2) 1.7 ( 1.3) Teacher education ..................... 12 13 ( 1.0) 100.0 20.2 ( 3.4) 65.0 ( 5.0) 2.4 ( 1.5) 4.4 ( 1.9) 1.1 ( 0.7) 2.6 ( 1.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 0.6 ( 0.6) 3.7 ( 3.1) Other education ......................... 18 20 ( 1.2) 100.0 28.7 ( 3.4) 63.0 ( 3.8) 1.7 ( 0.9) 2.2 ( 0.6) 0.3 ( 0.2) 3.0 ( 1.4) ( 2) ( 2) 0.8 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) 0.3 ( 0.4)

Engineering ................................... 12 9 ( 0.8) 100.0 72.6 ( 6.0) 2.3 ( 1.4) 4.2 ( 2.4) 0.7 ( 0.5) 11.2 ( 5.7) ( 2) ( 2) 6.9 ( 1.8) 1.2 ( 0.7) 0.9 ( 0.9) ( 2) ( 2) Fine arts ........................................ 33 38 ( 1.5) 100.0 43.7 ( 3.0) 48.6 ( 3.1) 2.5 ( 0.8) 0.3 ( 0.2) 1.5 ( 1.2) 1.5 ( 0.6) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.5 ( 0.3) 0.2 ( 0.2) Health sciences ............................. 45 49 ( 2.2) 100.0 37.4 ( 3.3) 52.9 ( 3.2) 0.5 ( 0.2) 2.3 ( 0.6) 1.1 ( 0.4) 0.8 ( 0.2) 2.3 ( 0.8) 1.4 ( 0.5) 0.1 ( 0.1) 1.2 ( 0.8) First professional ....................... 18 15 ( 1.3) 100.0 53.4 ( 5.7) 36.4 ( 5.3) ( 2) ( 2) 1.1 ( 0.5) 2.1 ( 1.2) 0.6 ( 0.4) 4.5 ( 2.4) 1.9 ( 1.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Nursing ....................................... 10 12 ( 0.8) 100.0 3.5 ( 1.7) 84.9 ( 3.8) 0.3 ( 0.3) 4.1 ( 1.5) 0.3 ( 0.3) 1.4 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 1.8 ( 0.9) ( 2) ( 2) 3.7 ( 3.1) Other health sciences ................ 17 21 ( 1.7) 100.0 44.6 ( 5.4) 47.0 ( 5.0) 0.9 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 1.0) 0.8 ( 0.3) 0.6 ( 0.3) 2.0 ( 0.9) 0.9 ( 0.5) 0.3 ( 0.3) 0.8 ( 0.8)

Humanities ..................................... 60 74 ( 2.1) 100.0 39.1 ( 2.2) 47.6 ( 2.2) 1.3 ( 0.4) 1.4 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.7) 3.4 ( 0.7) 1.0 ( 0.3) 2.7 ( 0.8) 0.6 ( 0.3) 0.7 ( 0.4) English and literature ................. 37 43 ( 1.4) 100.0 31.1 ( 2.6) 58.5 ( 2.8) 0.9 ( 0.4) 1.9 ( 0.6) 1.0 ( 0.4) 2.1 ( 1.1) 1.0 ( 0.5) 2.4 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 1.1 ( 0.7) Foreign languages ..................... 11 12 ( 1.2) 100.0 18.8 ( 6.1) 52.0 ( 6.3) 0.5 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) 7.9 ( 3.6) 12.5 ( 2.6) 0.9 ( 0.7) 7.5 ( 3.8) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) History ........................................ 8 11 ( 0.7) 100.0 66.3 ( 4.9) 21.8 ( 4.1) 3.8 ( 1.8) 2.0 ( 1.7) 2.6 ( 1.1) 1.3 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 2.1 ( 1.2) ( 2) ( 2) Philosophy ................................. 4 9 ( 0.6) 100.0 72.8 ( 5.0) 18.6 ( 4.4) 0.8 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) 1.6 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 2) 2.4 ( 1.3) 0.5 ( 0.5) 2.6 ( 1.5) 0.7 ( 0.5)

Law ................................................ 14 11 ( 0.8) 100.0 67.2 ( 5.2) 19.9 ( 3.9) 2.7 ( 1.6) 0.3 ( 0.3) 2.9 ( 1.4) 2.2 ( 2.0) 2.9 ( 2.5) 1.2 ( 0.8) 0.7 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2)

Natural sciences ............................ 60 65 ( 2.2) 100.0 54.4 ( 2.5) 32.4 ( 2.3) 3.9 ( 0.9) 2.0 ( 0.5) 1.4 ( 0.3) 1.1 ( 0.3) 2.9 ( 0.7) 1.4 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.3 ( 0.3) Biological sciences .................... 12 11 ( 0.9) 100.0 54.6 ( 6.0) 36.7 ( 5.8) 2.2 ( 1.1) 1.0 ( 0.8) 0.2 ( 0.2) 0.7 ( 0.7) 1.2 ( 0.8) 2.7 ( 1.3) 0.7 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) Physical sciences ...................... 11 11 ( 0.8) 100.0 71.9 ( 4.4) 19.4 ( 3.7) 1.3 ( 0.8) 1.3 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.4) 0.7 ( 0.7) 4.3 ( 2.4) 0.4 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Mathematics ............................... 25 24 ( 1.4) 100.0 45.9 ( 4.2) 36.5 ( 4.0) 6.6 ( 2.2) 2.3 ( 0.9) 1.9 ( 0.6) 1.8 ( 0.7) 2.8 ( 0.9) 1.7 ( 0.7) 0.3 ( 0.3) ( 2) ( 2) Computer sciences .................... 13 19 ( 1.2) 100.0 55.3 ( 4.6) 31.9 ( 4.4) 2.9 ( 1.2) 2.7 ( 1.2) 1.6 ( 0.7) 0.6 ( 0.4) 3.1 ( 1.4) 0.9 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 2) 1.0 ( 1.0)

Social sciences .............................. 34 41 ( 2.4) 100.0 46.2 ( 3.8) 39.0 ( 3.5) 4.2 ( 1.5) 3.9 ( 1.0) 3.5 ( 1.4) 1.4 ( 0.5) 0.5 ( 0.2) 0.5 ( 0.2) 0.7 ( 0.4) 0.2 ( 0.2) Economics ................................. 3 4 ( 0.5) 100.0 73.9 ( 8.8) 16.9 ( 6.8) ( 2) ( 2) 5.2 ( 5.1) 1.3 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 2) 2.7 ( 1.7) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Political science ......................... 3 4 ( 0.4) 100.0 75.8 ( 6.5) 17.6 ( 5.8) 3.4 ( 1.8) 0.9 ( 0.9) 2.4 ( 1.3) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Psychology ................................. 16 18 ( 2.1) 100.0 45.4 ( 7.1) 47.4 ( 6.8) 2.6 ( 1.3) 1.8 ( 0.8) 1.8 ( 0.8) 0.8 ( 0.6) ( 2) ( 2) 0.2 ( 0.2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) Sociology ................................... 4 6 ( 0.5) 100.0 37.8 ( 7.3) 43.7 ( 7.2) 5.4 ( 3.3) 3.9 ( 1.8) 0.8 ( 0.6) 4.6 ( 2.2) ( 2) ( 2) 1.3 ( 1.0) 1.1 ( 1.1) 1.2 ( 1.2) Other social sciences ................ 8 10 ( 0.9) 100.0 31.4 ( 5.5) 37.4 ( 6.2) 8.2 ( 5.4) 8.4 ( 3.0) 9.1 ( 5.1) 1.4 ( 1.2) 1.0 ( 0.7) 0.9 ( 0.6) 2.3 ( 1.3) ( 2) ( 2)

Occupationally specific programs 16 17 ( 1.1) 100.0 68.6 ( 4.2) 11.8 ( 3.1) 2.2 ( 0.8) 2.2 ( 1.3) 2.9 ( 1.4) 0.6 ( 0.6) 0.9 ( 0.7) 8.0 ( 0.7) ( 2) ( 2) 2.7 ( 2.7) All other programs ......................... 20 35 ( 1.6) 100.0 45.0 ( 3.4) 40.6 ( 3.3) 2.4 ( 0.8) 3.6 ( 1.2) 2.6 ( 0.8) 1.9 ( 0.8) 1.6 ( 0.5) 1.9 ( 0.6) ( 2) ( 2) 0.3 ( 0.3)

1 Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding and nonresponse to program area question. 2 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Standard errors appear in parentheses. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1993 and 1999. ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 281 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 236.   Average base salaries of full time instructional faculty and staff in degree granting institutions, by type and control of institution and by field of instruction: 1987   88, 1992   93, and 1998   99 Field of instruction All institutions Total public Total private Public research Private research Public doctoral Private doctoral Public comprehensive Private comprehensive Private liberal arts Public 2 year Other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1987   88 salaries in 1998   99 dollars 1 All fields ........................................ $ 55,854 $ 56,369 $ 54,707 $ 67,095 $ 73,504 $ 62,374 $ 66,053 $ 52,347 $ 45,676 $ 40,940 $ 46,002 $ 43,522 Agriculture and home economics ..... 55,937 56,238 ( 2) 62,840 ( 2) 50,221 ( 2) 54,184 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2)

Business ............................................ 52,232 52,858 50,887 67,212 ( 2) 56,756 ( 2) 50,119 52,320 ( 2) 46,996 40,744 Education .......................................... 46,754 49,084 38,709 52,945 ( 2) 50,006 ( 2) 48,218 38,674 33,942 47,487 ( 2)

Engineering ....................................... 60,279 59,354 63,606 70,842 ( 2) 61,341 ( 2) 58,089 59,433 ( 2) 42,478 ( 2)

Fine arts ............................................ 43,686 45,656 39,677 46,522 ( 2) 44,049 ( 2) 45,448 38,294 39,811 46,428 ( 2)

Health ................................................ 74,879 74,402 75,836 84,801 89,061 82,043 77,670 65,948 55,049 ( 2) 42,736 ( 2)

Humanities ........................................ 48,973 50,903 46,026 53,482 56,556 45,403 53,467 51,491 42,818 44,016 50,175 40,156 Natural sciences ................................ 55,197 55,875 53,677 66,898 71,267 57,628 54,158 53,895 44,750 43,593 45,824 43,292 Social sciences ................................. 53,376 53,690 52,794 61,005 70,472 55,344 ( 2) 51,874 44,578 41,247 47,393 ( 2)

Other ................................................. 51,619 51,073 52,914 60,779 ( 2) 52,444 ( 2) 48,318 41,253 ( 2) 43,595 51,179 1992   93 salaries in 1998   99 dollars 1 All fields ........................................ 54,068 53,991 54,253 65,162 73,848 59,453 64,663 50,204 49,937 43,435 45,429 46,708 Agriculture and home economics ..... 55,194 55,978 ( 2) 63,191 ( 2) 51,351 ( 2) 50,078 ( 2) ( 2) 45,934 ( 2)

Business ............................................ 56,827 57,672 54,628 75,283 ( 2) 67,893 62,768 55,113 62,095 37,315 48,508 38,776 Education .......................................... 48,541 49,942 43,429 57,519 ( 2) 48,722 56,862 47,860 43,826 37,427 47,592 ( 2)

Engineering ....................................... 64,154 64,562 62,561 77,097 70,520 61,853 63,542 56,227 52,938 ( 2) 44,618 64,692 Fine arts ............................................ 46,842 45,354 49,095 47,722 99,540 45,463 43,725 45,191 41,344 43,597 43,320 39,367 Health ................................................ 64,216 62,454 68,946 84,816 84,369 73,701 76,335 44,229 52,734 48,907 41,318 48,373 Humanities ........................................ 47,301 48,027 45,756 50,818 51,599 45,787 49,559 47,027 47,384 43,485 47,545 42,193 Natural sciences ................................ 55,636 54,837 57,646 63,995 77,546 59,677 65,418 53,016 53,875 43,332 45,776 48,653 Social sciences ................................. 53,060 53,225 52,722 61,347 68,456 56,233 57,153 50,435 45,992 46,747 46,540 51,246 Other ................................................. 51,482 50,141 54,295 58,886 75,831 50,540 71,409 52,363 48,167 42,065 43,487 45,255 1998   99 salaries in 1998   99 dollars 1 All fields ........................................ 56,851 ( 394) 56,060 ( 433) 59,124 ( 869) 66,399 ( 816) 81,574 ( 2,507) 65,466 ( 1,851) 70,240 ( 1,985) 50,143 ( 576) 49,374 ( 1,122) 43,600 ( 711) 44,636 ( 424) 47,227 ( 1,599)

Agriculture and home economics ..... 58,434 ( 2,366) 60,698 ( 1,765) ( 2) ( 2) 67,336 ( 2,353) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 44,227 ( 2,087) ( 2) ( 2)

Business ............................................ 55,837 ( 1,006) 54,599 ( 1,147) 58,758 ( 1,993) 69,241 ( 3,356) 80,949 ( 7,916) 55,237 ( 4,834) 69,354 ( 5,706) 58,622 ( 1,567) 59,245 ( 1,861) 42,328 ( 2,927) 46,141 ( 1,238) 42,440 ( 4,921)

Education .......................................... 47,789 ( 904) 48,263 ( 1,040) 46,194 ( 1,827) 53,412 ( 1,768) ( 2) ( 2) 46,385 ( 2,852) ( 2) ( 2) 49,261 ( 1,795) 43,677 ( 1,918) 40,857 ( 2,031) 43,324 ( 1,301) 41,434 ( 3,714)

Engineering ....................................... 63,401 ( 1,302) 62,265 ( 1,425) 67,668 ( 2,988) 69,867 ( 2,400) 76,075 ( 4,982) 64,345 ( 2,396) ( 2) ( 2) 52,625 ( 4,992) 57,909 ( 5,842) ( 2) ( 2) 45,102 ( 1,691) ( 2) ( 2)

Fine arts ............................................ 45,655 ( 1,161) 45,109 ( 1,150) 47,061 ( 2,802) 49,342 ( 2,822) ( 2) ( 2) 41,907 ( 1,276) ( 2) ( 2) 44,774 ( 1,470) 49,828 ( 6,924) 43,471 ( 1,677) 45,957 ( 2,312) 36,592 ( 3,202)

Health ................................................ 75,238 ( 1,516) 71,755 ( 1,550) 84,877 ( 3,705) 85,518 ( 2,776) 100,068 ( 7,573) 85,842 ( 4,398) 93,003 ( 4,958) 53,179 ( 2,732) 47,376 ( 4,070) 44,588 ( 3,674) 43,617 ( 1,142) 53,383 ( 3,385)

Humanities ........................................ 47,697 ( 646) 47,865 ( 766) 47,290 ( 1,202) 53,929 ( 1,985) 57,033 ( 4,251) 47,037 ( 2,548) 49,336 ( 2,610) 46,577 ( 1,065) 46,463 ( 1,777) 43,199 ( 1,583) 45,046 ( 1,201) 43,203 ( 1,889)

Natural sciences ................................ 57,331 ( 719) 56,929 ( 777) 58,548 ( 1,671) 65,951 ( 1,381) 79,784 ( 3,981) 64,443 ( 1,855) 61,723 ( 3,056) 51,150 ( 1,328) 47,764 ( 1,989) 42,635 ( 1,331) 44,127 ( 878) 55,565 ( 5,206)

Social sciences ................................. 58,714 ( 1,778) 59,450 ( 2,255) 56,785 ( 2,450) 69,074 ( 3,122) 78,540 ( 6,677) 69,589 ( 13,661) 58,922 ( 3,083) 53,419 ( 1,120) 46,434 ( 1,794) 47,318 ( 2,362) 47,190 ( 1,587) 49,232 ( 3,892)

Other ................................................. 52,150 ( 878) 50,422 ( 918) 57,596 ( 2,087) 59,896 ( 2,037) 80,645 ( 6,527) 56,448 ( 2,404) 65,125 ( 3,585) 45,854 ( 1,774) 52,818 ( 3,009) 43,143 ( 1,878) 43,662 ( 1,020) 46,653 ( 3,863)

1 Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor,

adjusted to a school year basis.

2 Too few sample cases ( fewer than 30) for a reliable estimate. NOTE: Totals may differ from figures reported in other tables because of varying survey methodologies. Standard errors appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Study of Postsecondary Faculty ( NSOPF), 1987   88, 1992   93, and 1998   99. ( This table was prepared October 2001.) 282 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 237.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in degree granting institutions, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: 1970   71 to 1998   99 Academic year and sex All faculty Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Current dollars Total 1970   71 .............................. $ 12,710 $ 17,958 $ 13,563 $ 11,176 $ 9,360 $ 11,196 $ 12,333 $ 12,953 $ 13,121 $ 12,644 $ 11,619 $ 11,824 $ 8,664 1972   73 .............................. 13,856 19,191 14,580 12,032 10,737 11,637 12,676 14,016 14,417 12,919 13,452 13,622 9,288 1974   75 .............................. 15,622 21,277 16,146 13,295 12,691 12,575 13,532 15,879 16,271 14,897 14,912 15,092 10,242 1975   76 .............................. 16,659 22,649 17,065 13,986 13,672 12,906 15,196 16,942 17,400 15,820 15,921 16,116 10,901 1976   77 .............................. 17,560 23,792 17,905 14,662 11,835 13,431 16,634 17,845 18,313 16,685 16,787 16,977 11,637 1977   78 .............................. 18,709 25,133 18,987 15,530 12,504 14,528 17,831 19,045 19,517 17,895 17,773 17,966 12,191 1978   79 .............................. 19,820 26,470 20,047 16,374 13,193 15,281 18,725 20,179 20,722 18,844 18,807 19,010 12,496 1979   80 .............................. 21,348 28,388 21,451 17,465 14,023 16,122 20,262 21,798 22,349 20,429 20,105 20,318 13,250 1980   81 .............................. 23,302 30,753 23,214 18,901 15,178 17,301 22,334 23,745 24,373 22,177 22,093 22,325 15,065 1981   82 .............................. 25,449 33,437 25,278 20,608 16,450 18,756 24,331 25,886 26,591 24,193 24,255 24,509 15,926 1982   83 .............................. 27,196 35,540 26,921 22,056 17,601 20,072 25,557 27,488 28,293 25,567 26,393 26,691 16,595 1984   85 .............................. 30,447 39,743 29,945 24,668 20,230 22,334 27,683 30,646 31,764 27,864 29,910 30,247 18,510 1985   86 .............................. 32,392 42,268 31,787 26,277 20,918 23,770 29,088 32,750 34,033 29,590 31,402 31,732 19,436 1987   88 .............................. 35,897 47,040 35,231 29,110 22,728 25,977 31,532 36,231 37,840 32,209 35,049 35,346 21,867 1989   90 .............................. 40,133 52,810 39,392 32,689 25,030 28,990 34,559 40,416 42,365 35,516 39,464 39,817 24,601 1990   91 .............................. 42,165 55,540 41,414 34,434 26,332 30,097 36,395 42,317 44,510 37,055 41,788 42,224 24,088 1991   92 .............................. 43,851 57,433 42,929 35,745 30,916 30,456 37,783 43,641 45,638 38,959 44,376 44,793 25,673 1992   93 .............................. 44,714 58,788 43,945 36,625 28,499 30,543 37,771 44,197 46,515 38,935 45,985 46,427 26,105 1993   94 .............................. 46,364 60,649 45,278 37,630 28,828 32,729 40,584 45,920 48,019 41,040 47,465 47,880 28,435 1994   95 .............................. 47,811 62,709 46,713 38,756 29,665 33,198 41,227 47,432 49,738 42,101 48,741 49,379 25,613 1995   96 .............................. 49,309 64,540 47,966 39,696 30,344 34,136 42,996 48,837 51,172 43,295 50,466 50,819 31,915 1996   97 .............................. 50,829 66,659 49,307 40,687 31,193 34,962 44,200 50,303 52,718 44,584 52,112 52,443 32,628 1997   98 .............................. 52,335 68,731 50,828 41,830 32,449 35,484 45,268 51,638 54,114 45,919 54,039 54,379 33,592 1998   99 .............................. 54,097 71,322 52,576 43,348 33,819 36,819 46,250 53,319 55,948 47,285 55,981 56,284 34,821 Men 1972   73 .............................. 14,422 19,414 14,723 12,193 11,147 12,106 13,047 14,545 14,944 13,268 14,116 14,253 9,571 1974   75 .............................. 16,303 21,532 16,282 13,458 13,350 13,232 14,008 16,522 16,918 15,350 15,709 15,852 10,633 1975   76 .............................. 17,414 22,902 17,209 14,174 14,430 13,579 15,761 17,661 18,121 16,339 16,784 16,946 11,378 1976   77 .............................. 18,378 24,029 18,055 14,851 12,085 14,147 17,253 18,620 19,091 17,235 17,736 17,891 12,193 1977   78 .............................. 19,575 25,370 19,133 15,726 12,729 15,181 18,459 19,867 20,347 18,479 18,783 18,935 12,759 1978   79 .............................. 20,777 26,727 20,221 16,602 13,441 15,927 19,400 21,080 21,628 19,475 19,935 20,086 13,048 1979   80 .............................. 22,394 28,672 21,651 17,720 14,323 16,932 20,901 22,789 23,350 21,131 21,317 21,472 13,938 1980   81 .............................. 24,499 31,082 23,451 19,227 15,545 18,281 23,170 24,873 25,509 22,965 23,493 23,669 16,075 1981   82 .............................. 26,796 33,799 25,553 21,025 16,906 19,721 25,276 27,149 27,864 25,085 25,849 26,037 16,834 1982   83 .............................. 28,664 35,956 27,262 22,586 18,160 21,225 26,541 28,851 29,661 26,524 28,159 28,380 17,346 1984   85 .............................. 32,182 40,269 30,392 25,330 21,159 23,557 28,670 32,240 33,344 28,891 32,028 32,278 19,460 1985   86 .............................. 34,294 42,833 32,273 27,094 21,693 25,238 30,267 34,528 35,786 30,758 33,656 33,900 20,412 1987   88 .............................. 38,112 47,735 35,823 30,086 23,645 27,652 32,747 38,314 39,898 33,477 37,603 37,817 22,641 1989   90 .............................. 42,763 53,650 40,131 33,781 25,933 31,162 35,980 42,959 44,834 37,081 42,312 42,595 25,218 1990   91 .............................. 45,065 56,549 42,239 35,636 27,388 32,398 38,036 45,084 47,168 38,787 45,019 45,319 25,937 1991   92 .............................. 46,848 58,494 43,814 36,969 33,359 32,843 39,422 46,483 48,401 40,811 47,733 48,042 26,825 1992   93 .............................. 47,866 59,972 44,855 37,842 29,583 32,512 39,365 47,175 49,392 40,725 49,518 49,837 27,402 1993   94 .............................. 49,579 61,857 46,229 38,794 29,815 34,796 42,251 48,956 50,989 42,938 51,076 51,397 30,783 1994   95 .............................. 51,228 64,046 47,705 39,923 30,528 35,082 43,103 50,629 52,874 44,020 52,653 53,036 29,639 1995   96 .............................. 52,814 65,949 49,037 40,858 30,940 36,135 44,624 52,163 54,448 45,209 54,364 54,649 33,301 1996   97 .............................. 54,465 68,214 50,457 41,864 31,738 36,932 45,688 53,737 56,162 46,393 56,185 56,453 34,736 1997   98 .............................. 56,115 70,468 52,041 43,017 33,070 37,481 46,822 55,191 57,744 47,690 58,293 58,576 36,157 1998   99 .............................. 58,048 73,260 53,830 44,650 34,741 38,976 47,610 57,038 59,805 48,961 60,392 60,641 38,040 Women 1972   73 .............................. 11,925 17,123 13,827 11,510 10,098 10,775 11,913 12,250 12,300 12,165 11,044 11,219 8,888 1974   75 .............................. 13,471 19,012 15,481 12,858 11,740 11,543 12,619 13,892 13,831 13,987 12,233 12,423 9,735 1975   76 .............................. 14,308 20,308 16,364 13,522 12,572 11,901 14,094 14,762 14,758 14,769 13,030 13,231 10,201 1976   77 .............................. 15,100 21,536 17,189 14,225 11,589 12,397 15,467 15,573 15,539 15,628 13,709 13,899 10,850 1977   78 .............................. 16,159 22,943 18,325 15,109 12,288 13,688 16,637 16,684 16,619 16,785 14,597 14,799 11,470 1978   79 .............................. 17,080 24,143 19,300 15,914 12,966 14,465 17,482 17,646 17,627 17,676 15,388 15,611 11,898 1979   80 .............................. 18,396 25,910 20,642 16,974 13,750 15,142 19,069 19,042 18,985 19,134 16,539 16,787 12,541 1980   81 .............................. 19,996 27,959 22,295 18,302 14,854 16,168 20,843 20,673 20,608 20,778 18,073 18,326 13,892 1981   82 .............................. 21,802 30,438 24,271 19,866 16,054 17,676 22,672 22,524 22,454 22,632 19,743 20,024 14,984 1982   83 .............................. 23,261 32,221 25,738 21,130 17,102 18,830 23,855 23,892 23,876 23,917 21,451 21,785 15,845 1984   85 .............................. 25,941 35,824 28,517 23,575 19,362 21,004 26,050 26,566 26,813 26,172 24,186 24,560 17,575 1985   86 .............................. 27,576 38,252 30,300 24,966 20,237 22,273 27,171 28,299 28,680 27,693 25,523 25,889 18,504 1987   88 .............................. 30,499 42,371 33,528 27,600 21,962 24,370 29,605 31,215 31,820 30,228 28,621 28,946 21,215 1989   90 .............................. 34,183 47,663 37,469 31,090 24,320 26,995 32,528 34,796 35,704 33,307 32,650 33,010 24,002 1990   91 .............................. 35,881 49,728 39,329 32,724 25,534 28,111 34,179 36,459 37,573 34,720 34,359 34,898 22,585 1991   92 .............................. 37,534 51,621 40,766 34,063 28,873 28,550 35,622 37,800 38,634 36,517 36,828 37,309 24,683 1992   93 .............................. 38,385 52,755 41,861 35,032 27,700 28,922 35,792 38,356 39,470 36,710 38,460 38,987 25,068 1993   94 .............................. 40,058 54,746 43,178 36,169 28,136 31,048 38,474 40,118 41,031 38,707 39,902 40,378 26,142 1994   95 .............................. 41,369 56,555 44,626 37,352 29,072 31,677 38,967 41,548 42,663 39,812 40,908 41,815 22,851 1995   96 .............................. 42,871 58,318 45,803 38,345 29,940 32,584 41,085 42,871 43,986 41,086 42,871 43,236 30,671 1996   97 .............................. 44,325 60,160 47,101 39,350 30,819 33,415 42,474 44,306 45,402 42,531 44,374 44,726 30,661 1997   98 .............................. 45,775 61,965 48,597 40,504 32,011 33,918 43,491 45,648 46,709 43,943 46,106 46,466 30,995 1998   99 .............................. 47,421 64,236 50,347 41,894 33,152 35,115 44,723 47,247 48,355 45,457 47,874 48,204 31,524 283 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 237.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in degree granting institutions, by academic rank, sex, and control and type of institution: 1970   71 to 1998   99   Continued Academic year and sex All faculty Academic rank Public institutions Private institutions Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No rank Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Constant 1998   99 dollars Total 1970   71 .............................. 52,643 74,381 56,180 46,291 38,768 46,374 51,084 53,653 54,349 52,372 48,124 48,976 35,887 1972   73 .............................. 53,259 73,763 56,042 46,246 41,269 44,728 48,723 53,873 55,414 49,656 51,706 52,358 35,702 1974   75 .............................. 49,630 67,596 51,296 42,237 40,317 39,952 42,991 50,447 51,694 47,329 47,374 47,947 32,538 1975   76 .............................. 49,425 67,199 50,632 41,496 40,566 38,291 45,086 50,266 51,625 46,937 47,236 47,817 32,342 1976   77 .............................. 49,230 66,701 50,196 41,106 33,179 37,654 46,632 50,027 51,341 46,776 47,061 47,594 32,624 1977   78 .............................. 49,149 66,028 49,881 40,799 32,848 38,165 46,844 50,033 51,273 47,011 46,692 47,197 32,026 1978   79 .............................. 47,610 63,584 48,155 39,333 31,690 36,705 44,978 48,471 49,776 45,264 45,176 45,662 30,016 1979   80 .............................. 45,247 60,169 45,465 37,017 29,721 34,169 42,944 46,201 47,368 43,299 42,611 43,063 28,083 1980   81 .............................. 44,262 58,415 44,094 35,902 28,830 32,863 42,423 45,103 46,296 42,125 41,965 42,406 28,616 1981   82 .............................. 44,496 58,463 44,197 36,032 28,762 32,794 42,541 45,260 46,493 42,300 42,409 42,853 27,845 1982   83 .............................. 45,592 59,580 45,131 36,975 29,507 33,649 42,845 46,082 47,431 42,861 44,246 44,746 27,820 1984   85 .............................. 47,366 61,828 46,586 38,376 31,472 34,745 43,067 47,676 49,415 43,348 46,531 47,055 28,796 1985   86 .............................. 48,980 63,913 48,065 39,733 31,630 35,943 43,984 49,521 51,461 44,743 47,483 47,982 29,389 1987   88 .............................. 50,988 66,816 50,042 41,348 32,282 36,897 44,788 51,463 53,748 45,750 49,784 50,205 31,060 1989   90 .............................. 52,007 68,434 51,047 42,361 32,435 37,567 44,783 52,373 54,899 46,024 51,139 51,598 31,880 1990   91 .............................. 51,808 68,241 50,884 42,309 32,354 36,980 44,718 51,995 54,689 45,529 51,344 51,880 29,597 1991   92 .............................. 52,207 68,376 51,108 42,556 36,806 36,259 44,983 51,956 54,333 46,383 52,831 53,327 30,565 1992   93 .............................. 51,621 67,869 50,733 42,283 32,902 35,261 43,605 51,024 53,700 44,949 53,089 53,599 30,138 1993   94 .............................. 52,175 68,250 50,952 42,346 32,441 36,830 45,670 51,675 54,037 46,183 53,414 53,880 31,999 1994   95 .............................. 52,304 68,601 51,103 42,398 32,452 36,318 45,101 51,889 54,412 46,057 53,321 54,019 28,020 1995   96 .............................. 52,514 68,735 51,084 42,277 32,317 36,354 45,790 52,011 54,498 46,109 53,746 54,122 33,989 1996   97 .............................. 52,632 69,023 51,056 42,129 32,299 36,201 45,767 52,086 54,587 46,165 53,960 54,303 33,785 1997   98 .............................. 53,241 69,921 51,708 42,554 33,011 36,098 46,051 52,532 55,051 46,714 54,975 55,321 34,173 1998   99 .............................. 54,097 71,322 52,576 43,348 33,819 36,819 46,250 53,319 55,948 47,285 55,981 56,284 34,821 Men 1972   73 .............................. 55,435 74,623 56,592 46,867 42,847 46,530 50,149 55,908 57,440 50,999 54,257 54,785 36,788 1974   75 .............................. 51,793 68,406 51,727 42,757 42,412 42,037 44,502 52,490 53,748 48,767 49,908 50,360 33,781 1975   76 .............................. 51,666 67,949 51,057 42,055 42,813 40,288 46,762 52,400 53,763 48,479 49,798 50,277 33,757 1976   77 .............................. 51,522 67,364 50,618 41,636 33,881 39,660 48,369 52,200 53,521 48,318 49,721 50,157 34,183 1977   78 .............................. 51,426 66,649 50,264 41,314 33,441 39,881 48,493 52,192 53,452 48,546 49,345 49,743 33,518 1978   79 .............................. 49,907 64,201 48,572 39,879 32,285 38,259 46,599 50,637 51,953 46,781 47,885 48,248 31,342 1979   80 .............................. 47,463 60,770 45,889 37,557 30,358 35,886 44,299 48,301 49,490 44,786 45,182 45,509 29,542 1980   81 .............................. 46,535 59,039 44,545 36,521 29,527 34,724 44,011 47,246 48,454 43,621 44,624 44,959 30,534 1981   82 .............................. 46,851 59,095 44,678 36,761 29,559 34,481 44,194 47,468 48,718 43,860 45,195 45,524 29,433 1982   83 .............................. 48,053 60,278 45,703 37,864 30,444 35,582 44,494 48,367 49,725 44,466 47,207 47,577 29,079 1984   85 .............................. 50,066 62,647 47,281 39,406 32,917 36,648 44,602 50,156 51,873 44,946 49,826 50,215 30,274 1985   86 .............................. 51,856 64,768 48,800 40,969 32,802 38,162 45,767 52,210 54,112 46,509 50,891 51,260 30,865 1987   88 .............................. 54,134 67,802 50,883 42,735 33,585 39,277 46,514 54,421 56,671 47,551 53,411 53,715 32,159 1989   90 .............................. 55,415 69,523 52,004 43,775 33,605 40,381 46,625 55,668 58,099 48,052 54,831 55,197 32,680 1990   91 .............................. 55,371 69,481 51,898 43,785 33,652 39,807 46,734 55,395 57,954 47,657 55,315 55,683 31,868 1991   92 .............................. 55,774 69,639 52,162 44,012 39,715 39,101 46,933 55,340 57,623 48,588 56,828 57,196 31,936 1992   93 .............................. 55,260 69,236 51,785 43,688 34,153 37,535 45,446 54,462 57,023 47,016 57,168 57,536 31,634 1993   94 .............................. 55,792 69,609 52,023 43,656 33,552 39,157 47,546 55,091 57,379 48,319 57,478 57,839 34,641 1994   95 .............................. 56,042 70,065 52,188 43,674 33,397 38,379 47,154 55,387 57,842 48,157 57,601 58,020 32,425 1995   96 .............................. 56,247 70,236 52,225 43,513 32,951 38,484 47,525 55,553 57,987 48,147 57,897 58,201 35,466 1996   97 .............................. 56,396 70,632 52,246 43,349 32,863 38,241 47,308 55,642 58,153 48,037 58,177 58,454 35,967 1997   98 .............................. 57,087 71,688 52,942 43,761 33,643 38,130 47,632 56,147 58,744 48,516 59,302 59,591 36,783 1998   99 .............................. 58,048 73,260 53,830 44,650 34,741 38,976 47,610 57,038 59,805 48,961 60,392 60,641 38,040 Women 1972   73 .............................. 45,835 65,815 53,146 44,240 38,815 41,415 45,792 47,087 47,278 46,757 42,450 43,122 34,161 1974   75 .............................. 42,796 60,400 49,184 40,849 37,299 36,671 40,089 44,133 43,941 44,436 38,865 39,468 30,928 1975   76 .............................. 42,450 60,253 48,551 40,119 37,300 35,308 41,816 43,800 43,788 43,819 38,661 39,255 30,265 1976   77 .............................. 42,331 60,375 48,190 39,880 32,489 34,754 43,360 43,659 43,562 43,812 38,432 38,967 30,417 1977   78 .............................. 42,450 60,273 48,141 39,693 32,281 35,960 43,708 43,830 43,660 44,096 38,348 38,879 30,134 1978   79 .............................. 41,028 57,993 46,361 38,226 31,145 34,745 41,994 42,387 42,342 42,458 36,963 37,500 28,579 1979   80 .............................. 38,990 54,917 43,750 35,976 29,144 32,094 40,417 40,359 40,238 40,555 35,054 35,580 26,579 1980   81 .............................. 37,982 53,107 42,349 34,764 28,215 30,711 39,591 39,268 39,144 39,467 34,329 34,810 26,388 1981   82 .............................. 38,119 53,219 42,436 34,734 28,069 30,905 39,641 39,381 39,259 39,571 34,519 35,010 26,199 1982   83 .............................. 38,996 54,016 43,148 35,423 28,670 31,567 39,991 40,053 40,027 40,095 35,961 36,521 26,563 1984   85 .............................. 40,356 55,731 44,364 36,676 30,122 32,676 40,526 41,329 41,713 40,716 37,626 38,208 27,341 1985   86 .............................. 41,698 57,841 45,817 37,751 30,600 33,679 41,085 42,791 43,367 41,875 38,593 39,147 27,980 1987   88 .............................. 43,321 60,184 47,623 39,203 31,195 34,615 42,051 44,338 45,197 42,936 40,653 41,115 30,134 1989   90 .............................. 44,296 61,764 48,554 40,288 31,515 34,982 42,152 45,091 46,268 43,161 42,309 42,776 31,103 1990   91 .............................. 44,086 61,101 48,324 40,208 31,373 34,540 41,995 44,797 46,166 42,660 42,216 42,879 27,750 1991   92 .............................. 44,685 61,457 48,533 40,553 34,375 33,989 42,410 45,002 45,995 43,475 43,845 44,418 29,386 1992   93 .............................. 44,314 60,905 48,327 40,444 31,980 33,390 41,321 44,281 45,567 42,381 44,401 45,009 28,940 1993   94 .............................. 45,079 61,607 48,589 40,702 31,662 34,939 43,296 45,146 46,173 43,558 44,903 45,438 29,418 1994   95 .............................. 45,257 61,869 48,820 40,862 31,804 34,653 42,629 45,452 46,672 43,553 44,752 45,744 24,999 1995   96 .............................. 45,657 62,108 48,780 40,838 31,886 34,702 43,755 45,657 46,845 43,757 45,658 46,046 32,665 1996   97 .............................. 45,896 62,293 48,771 40,745 31,912 34,600 43,980 45,876 47,012 44,039 45,947 46,312 31,748 1997   98 .............................. 46,567 63,038 49,439 41,205 32,565 34,505 44,244 46,438 47,517 44,704 46,904 47,271 31,532 1998   99 .............................. 47,421 64,236 50,347 41,894 33,152 35,115 44,723 47,247 48,355 45,457 47,874 48,204 31,524 NOTE: Data for 1970   71 to 1995   96 are for institutions of higher education. Institutions of higher education were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by the U. S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of Education. The new degree granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, except that it includes some additional institutions, primarily 2 year colleges, and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not award associate or higher degrees. Constant dollar data adjusted by the Consumer Price Index prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, averaged on an academic year time frame. Data for 1987   88 and later years include imputations for nonrespondent institutions.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits, surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty'' surveys ( This table was prepared August 2000.) 284 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 238.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in degree granting institutions, by academic rank, sex, and by type and control of institution: 1980   81 to 1998   99 Academic year, control, and type of institution All faculty Academic rank Sex Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No academic rank Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1980   81 All institutions ...................................... $ 23,302 $ 30,753 $ 23,214 $ 18,901 $ 15,178 $ 17,301 $ 22,334 $ 24,499 $ 19,996 4 year ............................................. 23,693 31,016 23,265 18,867 15,056 17,375 17,380 24,909 19,809 University .................................... 25,949 33,622 24,392 19,684 15,530 17,327 17,856 27,206 20,736 Other 4 year ................................ 22,230 28,798 22,558 18,398 14,887 17,425 17,334 23,271 19,372 2 year ............................................. 21,898 26,528 22,750 19,166 15,621 16,222 22,615 22,736 20,434 Public institutions ................................ 23,745 31,077 23,772 19,431 15,613 17,620 22,820 24,873 20,673 4 year ............................................. 24,373 31,442 23,898 19,442 15,486 17,712 19,240 25,509 20,608 University .................................... 25,571 32,945 24,268 19,637 15,305 17,426 17,358 26,788 20,564 Other 4 year ................................ 23,500 30,097 23,639 19,315 15,567 17,997 19,798 24,499 20,633 2 year ............................................. 22,177 26,880 22,947 19,370 15,928 16,458 22,875 22,965 20,778 Private institutions ............................... 22,093 29,994 21,833 17,767 14,192 15,899 15,946 23,493 18,073 4 year ............................................. 22,325 30,089 21,887 17,816 14,316 15,971 16,706 23,669 18,326 University .................................... 26,897 35,227 24,730 19,792 16,197 16,956 18,933 28,251 21,176 Other 4 year ................................ 19,996 26,173 20,502 16,939 13,905 14,741 16,617 21,040 17,342 2 year ............................................. 15,065 18,645 17,685 14,663 12,155 12,441 14,993 16,075 13,892 1990   91 All institutions ...................................... 42,165 55,540 41,414 34,434 26,332 30,097 36,395 45,065 35,881 4 year ............................................. 43,693 56,485 41,811 34,657 25,772 30,209 31,494 46,519 36,574 University .................................... 49,430 63,437 44,877 37,838 27,105 31,748 31,533 52,426 39,788 Other 4 year ................................ 40,313 51,467 39,994 33,020 25,370 29,009 31,488 42,660 35,135 2 year ............................................. 36,642 44,916 37,650 32,253 27,933 28,048 36,752 38,465 34,224 Public institutions ................................ 42,317 55,371 42,101 35,137 26,907 29,881 36,990 45,084 36,459 4 year ............................................. 44,510 56,668 42,742 35,520 26,134 29,956 32,349 47,168 37,573 University .................................... 47,499 60,536 43,851 36,889 25,647 30,429 30,412 50,405 38,363 Other 4 year ................................ 42,499 53,704 41,969 34,680 26,316 29,664 33,507 44,804 37,147 2 year ............................................. 37,055 45,411 38,051 32,673 28,389 28,780 37,096 38,787 34,720 Private institutions ............................... 41,788 55,911 39,983 33,116 24,928 30,864 28,523 45,019 34,359 4 year ............................................. 42,224 56,127 40,122 33,235 25,159 31,053 31,122 45,319 34,898 University .................................... 53,875 69,732 47,405 40,013 31,239 34,444 36,211 56,989 43,273 Other 4 year ................................ 36,888 47,405 36,965 30,688 23,973 25,416 30,915 39,162 32,251 2 year ............................................. 24,088 29,520 26,353 24,587 20,911   23,187 25,937 22,585 1995   96 All institutions ...................................... 49,309 64,540 47,966 39,696 30,344 34,136 42,996 52,814 42,871 4 year ............................................. 51,044 65,866 48,432 39,991 29,941 34,082 35,657 54,520 43,702 University .................................... 58,173 74,650 51,993 43,838 30,689 35,272 36,818 61,972 48,011 Other 4 year ................................ 46,946 59,599 46,356 38,179 29,718 33,140 35,470 49,726 41,773 2 year ............................................. 43,009 51,454 43,107 36,927 31,421 35,165 43,537 44,944 40,791 Public institutions ................................ 48,837 63,189 48,122 40,092 30,581 33,634 43,590 52,163 42,871 4 year ............................................. 51,172 64,946 48,815 40,562 29,907 33,525 36,829 54,448 43,986 University .................................... 55,068 69,924 50,186 42,335 29,186 34,139 35,532 58,648 45,676 Other 4 year ................................ 48,566 61,076 47,850 39,544 30,178 33,134 37,266 51,375 43,063 2 year ............................................. 43,295 51,679 43,389 37,241 31,805 35,244 43,754 45,209 41,086 Private institutions ............................... 50,466 67,457 47,654 38,964 29,701 35,792 34,599 54,364 42,871 4 year ............................................. 50,819 67,598 47,760 39,071 30,002 35,810 35,098 54,649 43,236 University .................................... 65,405 84,970 56,517 47,387 35,782 37,516 38,649 69,579 53,717 Other 4 year ................................ 44,504 57,089 44,186 36,325 28,993 33,170 34,771 47,126 39,982 2 year ............................................. 31,915 37,929 33,283 29,887 23,895   33,410 33,301 30,671 1998   99 All institutions ...................................... 54,097 71,322 52,576 43,348 33,819 36,819 46,250 58,048 47,421 4 year ............................................. 56,072 73,287 53,194 43,638 32,752 36,719 37,556 60,109 48,298 University .................................... 64,889 84,205 57,741 48,461 33,795 38,571 42,988 69,420 53,871 Other 4 year ................................ 51,035 65,433 50,558 41,448 32,431 35,162 36,882 54,122 45,795 2 year ............................................. 47,050 56,163 46,538 40,606 36,472 39,221 47,040 48,762 45,186 Public institutions ................................ 53,319 69,369 52,694 43,593 34,083 36,113 47,009 57,038 47,247 4 year ............................................. 55,948 71,969 53,641 44,054 32,517 35,941 38,982 59,805 48,355 University .................................... 61,148 78,637 55,839 46,476 31,987 37,010 39,382 65,403 51,130 Other 4 year ................................ 52,520 66,779 52,106 42,731 32,718 35,185 38,893 55,743 46,850 2 year ............................................. 47,285 56,361 46,757 40,846 36,715 39,221 47,251 48,961 45,457 Private institutions ............................... 55,981 75,510 52,342 42,897 33,023 39,074 36,844 60,392 47,874 4 year ............................................. 56,284 75,649 52,431 42,977 33,209 39,074 36,867 60,641 48,204 University .................................... 73,212 95,596 62,324 52,971 39,853 41,912 47,167 78,092 60,444 Other 4 year ................................ 48,828 63,230 48,360 39,694 31,952 35,062 36,023 51,631 44,309 2 year ............................................. 34,821 36,088 34,571 31,227 26,227   36,773 38,040 31,524   Not available.

NOTE: Data for 1980   81 to 1995   96 are for institutions of higher education. Institutions of higher education were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by the U. S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of Education. The new degree granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, except that it includes some additional institutions, primarily 2 year colleges, and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not award associate or higher degrees.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits, 1980   81; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty'' surveys ( This table was prepared August 2000.) 285 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 239.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in degree granting institutions, by type and control of institution and by state: 1998   99 State or other area All institutions Public institutions Private institutions Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total University Other 4 year Total University Other 4 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States ................................ $ 54,097 $ 53,319 $ 55,948 $ 61,148 $ 52,520 $ 47,285 $ 55,981 $ 56,284 $ 73,212 $ 48,828 $ 34,821 Alabama ............................................ 46,218 47,344 49,326 53,630 46,411 42,277 40,350 40,657   40,657 27,057 Alaska ................................................ 51,550 52,457 52,387 53,525 51,689 60,021 39,696 39,696   39,696   Arizona .............................................. 56,067 56,551 59,163 62,358 50,071 51,576 45,043 45,043   45,043   Arkansas ............................................ 42,162 42,590 45,677 52,733 43,618 33,823 39,889 40,076   40,076 24,607 California ........................................... 63,778 63,587 67,699 85,636 64,219 58,849 64,571 64,910 81,278 56,213 29,299 Colorado ............................................ 52,188 51,717 54,947 62,577 48,783 38,583 55,702 55,702 58,577 52,209   Connecticut ........................................ 64,224 62,669 65,792 72,951 59,113 53,217 65,909 66,313 86,741 58,154 33,696 Delaware ........................................... 61,136 61,598 64,831 67,485 50,570 45,627 56,410 56,613   56,613   District of Columbia ........................... 63,779 52,805 52,805   52,805   64,265 64,265 65,609 51,478   Florida ................................................ 50,200 50,258 55,144 60,808 52,084 43,396 49,999 50,453 63,525 46,389 23,719 Georgia .............................................. 52,220 53,091 55,215 63,076 53,344 41,610 49,830 50,498 75,900 43,605 31,644 Hawaii ................................................ 56,044 55,796 61,130 63,250 49,444 47,317 58,741 58,741   58,741   Idaho .................................................. 46,465 46,267 47,551 51,998 45,625 38,898 47,101 40,666   40,666 49,693 Illinois ................................................. 56,469 54,514 55,145 60,625 50,700 53,455 59,738 59,993 79,645 47,485 33,104 Indiana ............................................... 51,806 51,216 53,859 56,862 47,792 36,309 53,082 53,306 77,764 45,941 33,106 Iowa ................................................... 50,484 54,050 61,341 65,001 51,530 38,334 44,383 44,448 54,559 43,137 34,531 Kansas ............................................... 44,649 46,488 50,404 53,397 43,653 38,010 33,255 33,711   33,711 26,555 Kentucky ............................................ 46,413 48,115 50,558 57,391 46,558 39,277 40,259 40,263   40,263   Louisiana ........................................... 45,705 43,820 44,885 51,840 42,931 35,248 54,570 54,587 62,655 42,468   Maine ................................................. 49,498 47,035 48,854 53,165 46,692 39,923 53,994 54,507   54,507 27,158 Maryland ............................................ 53,934 52,998 55,601 63,448 51,727 48,510 56,961 56,993 72,617 47,949   Massachusetts ................................... 63,234 53,669 58,587 67,123 55,214 42,328 68,540 68,826 78,640 57,967 37,463 Michigan ............................................ 57,615 59,965 60,380 68,357 53,846 58,510 45,281 45,418 47,720 45,164 19,927 Minnesota .......................................... 52,028 53,877 58,742 73,577 51,360 46,683 47,603 47,750   47,750 36,428 Mississippi ......................................... 42,825 43,385 46,751 49,513 44,830 39,111 38,274 39,200   39,200 26,342 Missouri ............................................. 50,085 50,103 52,349 62,290 50,395 42,663 50,048 50,310 67,678 40,549 36,037 Montana ............................................. 43,944 45,356 47,495 49,599 42,666 33,076 34,696 35,018   35,018 30,229 Nebraska ........................................... 46,759 47,970 51,091 57,362 46,505 35,422 43,056 43,056 50,745 38,903   Nevada .............................................. 55,113 55,225 60,922 64,471 58,549 45,947 41,846 41,846   41,846   New Hampshire ................................. 53,286 50,444 53,947 56,659 49,188 36,564 56,906 57,098   57,098 22,090 New Jersey ........................................ 64,922 64,535 67,421 75,264 64,702 57,458 65,906 66,045 80,498 55,135 28,075 New Mexico ....................................... 44,875 45,471 49,698 52,504 42,256 34,600 36,096 36,096   36,096   New York ........................................... 59,685 57,451 59,098 65,973 58,060 54,233 61,872 62,075 73,688 53,748 31,081 North Carolina ................................... 51,400 51,219 55,004 66,700 50,322 32,583 51,799 51,997 77,202 40,308 34,897 North Dakota ..................................... 38,976 39,510 41,138 42,630 37,965 34,371 35,039 36,790   36,790 26,407 Ohio ................................................... 53,428 55,065 57,813 59,392 52,392 45,647 49,698 49,904 72,237 47,517 26,555 Oklahoma .......................................... 44,874 45,604 48,335 54,229 43,078 37,556 41,963 42,226 51,960 38,088 27,245 Oregon ............................................... 47,893 47,643 49,749 53,007 46,201 45,347 48,753 48,753   48,753   Pennsylvania ..................................... 58,161 58,891 60,193 66,162 56,836 51,526 57,301 57,801 79,156 51,373 31,663 Rhode Island ..................................... 58,374 55,762 59,241 63,882 51,431 44,984 60,306 60,306   60,306   South Carolina ................................... 44,912 45,946 51,342 58,003 44,366 35,014 40,412 40,539   40,539 33,262 South Dakota ..................................... 39,571 40,351 41,875 42,719 40,704 32,918 36,115 36,115   36,115   Tennessee ......................................... 46,762 46,269 49,539 58,882 46,556 36,502 47,850 48,019 72,519 39,152 24,849 Texas ................................................. 49,071 47,955 51,630 58,338 46,133 41,321 53,879 54,231 64,320 46,301 26,217 Utah ................................................... 50,154 47,660 50,137 54,425 43,215 38,144 56,417 56,598 57,711 43,290 41,565 Vermont ............................................. 47,936 49,775 49,775 53,548 40,246 . 46,223 47,587   47,587 24,371 Virginia ............................................... 52,758 54,015 57,557 62,616 54,489 42,389 48,634 48,725   48,725 30,800 Washington ........................................ 48,513 48,321 53,990 58,082 47,205 41,117 49,294 49,294   49,294   West Virginia ..................................... 43,783 45,016 45,577 52,958 42,183 37,307 37,386 37,386   37,386   Wisconsin .......................................... 52,648 54,209 55,801 69,211 51,071 51,871 45,953 45,953 57,323 42,648   Wyoming ............................................ 41,039 41,039 48,243 48,243   33,820           U. S. Service Schools ........................ 65,759 65,759 65,759   65,759             Outlying areas .............................. 39,861 41,175 42,079 40,338 43,022 31,434 24,929 25,203   25,203 15,456 American Samoa ............................... 25,265 25,265       25,265           Federated States of Micronesia ........ 17,106 17,106       17,106           Guam ................................................. 50,166 50,166 52,506   52,506 45,790           Marshall Islands ................................ 14,924 14,924       14,924           Northern Marianas ............................. 35,175 35,175       35,175           Palau ................................................. 16,781 16,781       16,781           Puerto Rico ........................................ 39,670 41,188 41,263 40,338 41,836 36,759 24,929 25,203   25,203 15,456 Virgin Islands ..................................... 49,421 49,421 49,421   49,421               Not available or not applicable.

NOTE: Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty, 1998   99'' survey. ( This table was prepared August 2000.) 286 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 240.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in degree granting institutions, by type and control of institution and by state: 1997   98 State or other area All institutions Public institutions Private institutions Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total 4 year institutions 2 year Total University Other 4 year Total University Other 4 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States ................................ $ 52,335 $ 51,638 $ 54,114 $ 58,773 $ 51,017 $ 45,919 $ 54,039 $ 54,379 $ 70,021 $ 47,492 $ 33,592 Alabama ............................................ 42,623 43,321 45,377 49,640 42,676 37,964 38,827 39,141   39,141 26,259 Alaska ................................................ 50,323 51,080 50,979 51,729 50,548 61,909 38,960 38,960   38,960   Arizona .............................................. 54,270 54,622 56,693 59,949 47,884 50,539 46,480 46,480   46,480   Arkansas ............................................ 40,769 41,319 44,311 50,511 42,346 33,305 37,902 38,428   38,428 19,172 California ........................................... 61,451 61,092 65,009 76,814 62,749 56,462 62,950 63,394 77,937 55,400 34,044 Colorado ............................................ 51,259 50,854 53,655 60,326 48,310 37,875 54,239 54,239 56,862 50,940   Connecticut ........................................ 62,828 61,529 64,812 71,779 58,398 50,780 64,184 64,819 83,506 57,162 36,365 Delaware ........................................... 59,204 59,493 62,507 64,878 49,356 44,156 56,224 56,224   56,224   District of Columbia ........................... 60,982 48,708 48,708   48,708   61,204 61,204 62,738 47,621   Florida ................................................ 48,972 49,007 53,761 59,093 50,716 42,521 48,846 48,962 61,729 44,824 26,826 Georgia .............................................. 49,710 50,240 52,247 59,098 50,629 39,390 48,212 48,839 73,022 41,979 30,670 Hawaii ................................................ 53,447 53,820 58,800 60,469 49,087 45,628 49,215 49,215   49,215   Idaho .................................................. 44,230 44,099 45,186 48,792 43,521 37,556 44,649 40,158   40,158 46,442 Illinois ................................................. 54,478 52,751 53,317 58,419 49,033 51,793 57,469 57,932 76,217 46,017 30,220 Indiana ............................................... 50,061 49,714 52,079 54,908 46,364 35,913 50,791 51,015 74,134 44,255 31,565 Iowa ................................................... 48,638 52,612 59,685 63,119 50,611 37,460 42,146 42,213 54,529 40,625 33,957 Kansas ............................................... 43,207 44,929 48,862 51,657 42,434 36,453 32,650 33,026   33,026 25,775 Kentucky ............................................ 44,994 46,724 49,378 56,089 45,329 36,621 38,698 38,698   38,698   Louisiana ........................................... 45,204 43,710 44,864 52,295 42,882 34,621 52,441 52,441 60,570 40,559   Maine ................................................. 45,794 44,739 46,803 50,678 44,760 36,246 48,261 49,054   49,054 28,260 Maryland ............................................ 52,254 51,304 53,797 61,153 50,058 46,934 55,407 55,547 73,847 46,727 29,660 Massachusetts ................................... 61,423 53,760 58,931 67,850 55,353 42,039 65,808 66,058 75,173 56,087 36,327 Michigan ............................................ 55,658 57,810 58,474 65,529 52,609 55,608 44,341 44,443 48,873 43,862 23,762 Minnesota .......................................... 49,488 50,790 55,260 69,602 48,119 44,529 46,282 46,414   46,414 34,368 Mississippi ......................................... 41,264 41,785 44,522 46,464 43,196 38,308 37,110 37,983   37,983 24,727 Missouri ............................................. 48,490 48,769 50,960 60,339 49,082 41,499 47,933 48,113 62,513 39,425 37,117 Montana ............................................. 42,084 43,432 45,397 47,069 41,586 31,582 34,423 35,034   35,034 26,681 Nebraska ........................................... 45,754 47,032 49,951 56,256 45,519 35,029 41,807 41,807 49,239 37,939   Nevada .............................................. 53,588 53,691 57,537 61,035 55,155 46,323 41,051 41,051   41,051   New Hampshire ................................. 52,273 50,446 54,045 57,663 47,845 35,625 54,665 54,837   54,837 24,230 New Jersey ........................................ 62,568 62,227 64,640 71,636 62,282 56,444 63,452 63,562 77,377 53,213 25,982 New Mexico ....................................... 42,969 43,438 47,260 49,889 40,165 33,094 35,906 35,906   35,906   New York ........................................... 58,154 55,827 57,656 62,695 56,879 52,540 60,462 60,941 71,003 53,519 30,065 North Carolina ................................... 48,984 50,569 53,669 64,304 49,311 32,128 45,390 45,661 63,229 38,817 32,267 North Dakota ..................................... 38,427 39,041 40,545 41,985 37,479 33,459 33,808 35,373   35,373 25,258 Ohio ................................................... 51,884 53,463 56,303 58,064 50,299 43,966 48,314 48,594 69,821 46,344 30,879 Oklahoma .......................................... 43,955 44,258 46,754 52,236 42,014 37,045 42,738 43,071 52,615 38,804 25,253 Oregon ............................................... 46,591 46,068 47,695 50,810 44,203 44,265 48,442 48,442   48,442   Pennsylvania ..................................... 56,451 57,079 58,310 64,039 55,097 50,184 55,703 56,150 76,607 49,966 31,193 Rhode Island ..................................... 56,456 53,656 57,006 61,573 48,958 43,329 58,551 58,551   58,551   South Carolina ................................... 43,517 44,552 49,795 55,456 43,568 33,653 39,120 39,226   39,226 33,798 South Dakota ..................................... 37,023 37,525 38,542 39,469 37,259 32,530 34,949 34,997   34,997 21,600 Tennessee ......................................... 46,137 45,912 49,133 56,213 46,817 36,041 46,643 46,834 71,518 37,660 23,839 Texas ................................................. 48,210 47,310 50,381 56,902 45,033 41,623 52,178 52,374 61,759 45,044 26,489 Utah ................................................... 47,627 45,497 47,528 51,042 41,768 37,374 52,976 53,167 54,229 41,006 39,487 Vermont ............................................. 46,908 47,448 47,448 51,399 37,650   46,437 47,819   47,819 20,206 Virginia ............................................... 50,471 51,537 54,927 59,725 51,906 40,629 46,936 47,037   47,037 28,793 Washington ........................................ 47,637 47,531 52,971 57,031 46,255 40,565 48,061 48,061   48,061   West Virginia ..................................... 42,345 43,302 43,865 51,374 40,406 35,588 37,106 37,106   37,106   Wisconsin .......................................... 50,831 52,301 53,713 65,964 49,398 50,263 44,739 44,739 56,315 41,446   Wyoming ............................................ 40,186 40,186 46,941 46,941   33,458           U. S. Service Schools ........................ 62,637 62,637 62,637   62,637             Outlying areas .............................. 34,870 36,291 36,648 39,036 35,191 32,408 22,655 22,655   22,655   American Samoa ............................... 33,096 33,096       33,096           Federated States of Micronesia ........ 18,928 18,928       18,928           Guam ................................................. 48,502 48,502 50,916   50,916 44,933           Marshall Islands ................................                       Northern Marianas ............................. 34,975 34,975       34,975           Palau ................................................. 16,262 16,262       16,262           Puerto Rico ........................................ 34,026 35,601 35,601 39,036 33,182   22,655 22,655   22,655   Virgin Islands ..................................... 44,762 44,762 44,762   44,762               Not available or not applicable.

NOTE: Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty, 1997   98'' survey. ( This table was prepared September 1999.) 287 DEGREE GRANTING POSTSECONDARY: FACULTY Table 241.   Average salary of full time instructional faculty on 9 month contracts in 4 year degree granting institutions, by type and control of institution and rank of faculty and by state: 1998   99 State or other area Public university Public other 4 year Private university Private other 4 year Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Professor Associate professor Assistant professor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States .................................. $ 78,637 $ 55,839 $ 46,476 $ 66,779 $ 52,106 $ 42,731 $ 95,596 $ 62,324 $ 52,971 $ 63,230 $ 48,360 $ 39,694 Alabama ............................................... 71,567 51,562 43,397 60,460 48,014 41,318       52,810 40,107 34,503 Alaska .................................................. 68,756 55,412 43,896 65,201 52,181 42,862       46,654 42,529 36,291 Arizona ................................................. 78,547 56,117 48,026 67,418 53,819 42,859       61,911 51,373 41,553 Arkansas .............................................. 69,555 53,340 46,440 56,772 46,650 39,647       47,936 40,779 34,473 California .............................................. 103,358 67,872 57,388 74,556 57,255 46,297 101,888 68,635 58,445 71,945 52,973 44,013 Colorado .............................................. 76,149 55,837 47,212 60,649 48,928 40,787 74,594 57,094 45,183 65,979 48,356 41,284 Connecticut .......................................... 90,398 65,748 51,164 73,707 57,307 44,694 113,169 64,291 52,078 74,087 55,211 46,163 Delaware .............................................. 88,423 63,188 50,124 64,989 51,027 44,244       67,835 61,047 36,801 District of Columbia .............................       59,425 47,126 38,997 86,405 59,186 48,726 70,273 51,330 42,885 Florida .................................................. 73,067 53,199 47,001 67,129 52,106 43,727 85,477 56,878 50,073 59,655 45,692 38,897 Georgia ................................................ 82,548 56,674 49,458 71,227 55,292 44,926 101,472 64,160 53,272 57,524 45,323 37,708 Hawaii .................................................. 77,989 58,276 51,094 60,809 49,768 43,698       67,241 58,587 52,171 Idaho .................................................... 61,110 50,355 42,922 55,931 46,199 39,190       48,024 42,510 36,324 Illinois ................................................... 80,431 54,945 46,667 64,895 52,160 42,503 104,566 65,738 56,295 59,581 48,383 40,460 Indiana ................................................. 75,296 54,322 44,167 65,029 49,780 42,093 98,127 65,605 55,180 56,154 45,444 38,522 Iowa ..................................................... 81,970 58,432 47,742 67,960 52,503 43,742 68,565 49,397 40,587 54,051 42,350 36,358 Kansas ................................................. 66,870 49,729 43,700 56,306 45,718 37,525       39,714 34,976 30,337 Kentucky .............................................. 72,458 53,537 43,416 60,303 48,106 39,998       49,744 40,597 34,886 Louisiana ............................................. 70,923 50,877 44,509 57,253 45,281 38,388 79,617 54,650 49,388 51,838 44,970 38,478 Maine ................................................... 63,992 51,779 44,917 56,783 46,798 37,695       75,349 52,663 41,203 Maryland .............................................. 81,705 58,336 53,205 68,145 53,315 44,045 85,090 64,287 53,897 60,608 48,843 39,104 Massachusetts ..................................... 78,248 60,687 49,961 64,285 54,122 42,301 103,409 64,465 55,941 74,310 54,628 45,367 Michigan .............................................. 86,435 65,055 51,908 66,253 53,437 43,945 58,780 48,320 40,167 53,756 45,265 38,828 Minnesota ............................................ 87,549 61,720 51,519 61,044 51,118 41,852       61,811 47,185 38,968 Mississippi ........................................... 67,274 52,625 43,471 58,000 47,314 39,704       50,859 40,024 34,401 Missouri ............................................... 77,695 58,601 48,423 64,681 51,287 40,867 86,931 57,125 52,538 50,636 42,325 36,444 Montana ............................................... 60,753 48,918 41,235 51,151 42,486 36,335       42,056 36,012 31,263 Nebraska ............................................. 76,027 53,715 46,232 58,024 49,342 39,175 78,076 50,783 38,022 47,342 39,659 34,690 Nevada ................................................ 81,767 61,379 48,880 79,500 59,617 46,569         39,433   New Hampshire ................................... 70,401 52,430 42,006 59,762 47,552 38,996       75,679 52,041 41,192 New Jersey .......................................... 96,428 68,481 50,902 82,949 64,945 49,318 108,832 62,231 50,230 70,059 55,860 43,032 New Mexico ......................................... 66,565 49,791 41,855 53,784 42,256 37,037       47,186 40,054 34,163 New York ............................................. 82,963 59,452 48,043 72,349 56,040 45,289 94,717 64,741 54,252 71,345 54,415 43,377 North Carolina ..................................... 85,053 60,720 51,779 65,026 51,477 43,604 98,523 67,070 53,671 49,522 40,806 35,489 North Dakota ....................................... 53,303 43,782 39,383 46,948 40,632 35,412       43,455 38,085 34,468 Ohio ..................................................... 76,223 55,250 44,724 68,716 52,755 42,649 87,059 64,496 54,134 60,010 46,318 38,372 Oklahoma ............................................ 70,992 50,663 42,296 52,990 45,572 39,956 70,232 49,534 40,993 48,664 40,272 34,005 Oregon ................................................. 66,972 50,899 45,028 56,668 44,532 38,634       62,451 46,773 38,219 Pennsylvania ....................................... 86,279 60,491 47,961 74,979 59,058 46,413 99,859 64,550 57,280 66,802 51,500 41,700 Rhode Island ....................................... 73,388 55,432 45,386 58,038 49,749 42,369       77,338 55,162 46,076 South Carolina ..................................... 73,584 54,764 44,936 54,889 45,786 38,659       51,872 40,265 34,359 South Dakota ....................................... 53,712 44,005 37,703 53,368 42,776 36,749       44,435 39,144 32,573 Tennessee ........................................... 69,632 53,967 43,565 57,764 45,410 38,680 96,287 63,035 50,902 48,456 40,107 34,826 Texas ................................................... 77,755 52,560 45,412 59,372 47,640 40,876 84,942 58,410 50,604 60,130 44,935 36,738 Utah ..................................................... 69,675 50,484 42,897 52,131 43,372 37,988 71,189 53,663 46,123 51,208 42,933 38,385 Vermont ............................................... 68,759 52,259 42,646 47,491 38,535 32,075       59,418 45,476 40,710 Virginia ................................................. 81,111 58,706 48,124 69,692 53,566 43,440       63,135 47,473 38,399 Washington .......................................... 72,881 52,712 46,737 56,120 46,792 40,603       60,901 47,678 41,000 West Virginia ....................................... 66,306 51,535 41,361 50,912 42,274 35,653       46,566 38,709 33,817 Wisconsin ............................................ 78,147 59,437 52,605 60,706 49,604 42,334 72,912 56,371 45,682 53,258 42,690 37,320 Wyoming .............................................. 60,340 47,768 41,893                   U. S. Service Schools ...........................       78,156 60,478 49,387             Outlying areas ................................. 47,866 39,622 34,034 55,049 47,016 39,033       30,491 28,372 25,320 American Samoa .................................                         Federated States of Micronesia ..........                         Guam ...................................................       70,628 55,387 45,170             Northern Marianas ...............................                         Palau ....................................................                         Puerto Rico .......................................... 47,866 39,622 34,034 53,636 45,908 38,221       30,491 28,372 25,320 Virgin Islands .......................................       62,192 48,917 40,808               Not available or not applicable.