chassis manufacturers will comply with the OBD and emissions relevant
build specifications (e.g., signed agreements, required audit/
evaluation procedures).
    (m)(2)(xv) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.010-18.
    (n) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.010-18.
    (o) Implementation schedule. Except as provided for in paragraph
(o)(4) of this section, the requirements of this section must be met
according to the following provisions:
    (1) OBD groups. The manufacturer shall define one or more OBD
groups to cover all engine ratings in all engine families. The
manufacturer must submit a grouping plan for Administrator review and
approval detailing the OBD groups and the engine families and engine
ratings within each group for a given model year.
    (2) Full OBD.
    (i) For all engine ratings subject to Sec.  86.010-18, the
manufacturer must implement an OBD system meeting the requirements of
this section.
    (ii) On one engine rating within each of the manufacturer's OBD
groups, the manufacturer must implement an OBD system meeting the
requirements of this section. These ``full OBD'' ratings will be known
as the ``OBD parent'' ratings. The OBD parent rating for each OBD group
must be chosen as the rating having the highest weighted projected U.S.
sales within the OBD group, with U.S. sales being weighted by the
useful life of the engine rating.
    (3) Extrapolated OBD. For all other engine ratings within each OBD
group, the manufacturer must implement an OBD system meeting the
requirements of this section except that the OBD system is not required
to detect a malfunction prior to exceeding the emission thresholds
shown in Table 1 of paragraph (g) of this section and Table 2 of Sec.
86.010-18(h). These extrapolated OBD engines will be known as the ``OBD
child'' ratings. On these OBD child ratings, rather than detecting a
malfunction prior to exceeding the emission thresholds, the
manufacturer must submit a plan for Administrator review and approval
that details the engineering evaluation the manufacturer will use to
establish the malfunction criteria for the OBD child ratings. The plan
must demonstrate both the use of good engineering judgment in
establishing the malfunction criteria, and robust detection of
malfunctions, including consideration of differences of base engine,
calibration, emission control components, and emission control
strategies.
    (4) Engines certified as alternative fueled engines shall meet the
following requirements:
    (i) To the extent feasible, those specified in paragraph (i)(3) of
this section.
    (ii) Monitor the NOX aftertreatment system on engines so
equipped. A malfunction must be detected if:
    (A) The NOX aftertreatment system has no detectable
amount of NOX aftertreatment capability (i.e.,
NOX catalyst conversion or NOX adsorption).
    (B) The NOX aftertreatment substrate is completely
destroyed, removed, or missing.
    (C) The NOX aftertreatment assembly is replaced with a
straight pipe.
    (p) In-use compliance standards. For monitors required to indicate
a malfunction before emissions exceed a certain emission threshold
(e.g., 2 times any of the applicable standards):
    (1) On the full OBD ratings as defined in paragraph (o)(2) of this
section, separate in-use emissions thresholds shall apply. These
thresholds are determined by doubling the applicable thresholds as
shown in Table 1 of paragraph (g) of this section and Table 2 of Sec.
86.010-18(h). The resultant thresholds apply only in-use and do not
apply for certification or selective enforcement auditing.
    (2) The extrapolated OBD ratings as defined in paragraph (o)(3) of
this section shall not be evaluated against emissions levels for
purposes of OBD compliance in-use.
    (3) Only the test cycle and standard determined and identified by
the manufacturer at the time of certification in accordance with Sec.
86.010-18(f) as the most stringent shall be used for the purpose of
determining OBD system noncompliance in-use.
    (4) For monitors subject to meeting the minimum in-use monitor
performance ratio of 0.100 in paragraph (d)(1)(ii) of this section, the
OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant unless a representative
sample indicates the in-use ratio is below 0.050.
    (5) An OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant solely due
to a failure or deterioration mode of a monitored component or system
that could not have been reasonably foreseen to occur by the
manufacturer.
    13. Section 86.013-30 is added to Subpart A to read as follows:

Sec.  86.013-30  Certification.

    Section 86.013-30 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec.  86.010-30. Where a paragraph in Sec.  86.010-30 is
identical and applicable to Sec.  86.013-30, this may be indicated by
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved].
For guidance see Sec.  86.010-30.''
    (a) introductory text through (f)(1)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance
see Sec.  86.010-30.
    (f)(1)(ii) Diesel.
    (A) If monitored for emissions performance--a reduction catalyst is
replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust NOX emissions
exceeding the applicable NOX FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr. Also if
monitored for emissions performance--an oxidation catalyst is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic simulation
of such, resulting in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the
applicable NMHC standard.
    (B) If monitored for performance--a particulate trap is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective trap, or an electronic simulation of
such, resulting in either exhaust PM emissions exceeding the applicable
FEL+0.04 g/bhp-hr or 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is higher; or, exhaust
NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the applicable NMHC standard. Also, if
monitored for performance--a particulate trap is replaced with a
catastrophically failed trap or a simulation of such.
    (f)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.004-30.
    (f)(3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices.
    (f)(3)(i)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.007-30.
    (f)(3)(i)(B) Diesel. If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel
ratio sensor located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of
such, resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following
levels: The applicable PM FEL+0.04 g/bhp-hr or 0.05 g/bhp-hr PM,
whichever is higher; or, the applicable NOX FEL+0.3 g/bhp-
hr; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices.
    (f)(3)(ii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.007-30.

    (f)(3)(ii)(B) Diesel. If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel
ratio sensor located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of
such, resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following
levels: The applicable PM FEL+0.02 g/bhp-hr or 0.03 g/bhp-hr PM,
whichever is higher; or, the applicable NOX FEL+0.3 g/bhp-
hr; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2 times the
applicable CO standard.
    (iii) NOX sensors.
    (f)(3)(iii)(A) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.007-30.
    (f)(3)(iii)(B) Diesel. If so equipped, any NOX sensor is
replaced with a deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: The applicable PM FEL+0.04 g/bhp-hr or 0.05 g/bhp-hr
PM, whichever is higher; or, the applicable NOX FEL+0.3 g/
bhp-hr.
    (f)(4) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.010-30.
    (f)(5)(i) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.007-30.
    (f)(5)(ii) Diesel. A malfunction condition is induced in any
emission-related engine system or component, including but not
necessarily limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if
equipped, and the fuel control system, singularly resulting in exhaust
emissions exceeding any of the following levels: The applicable PM
FEL+0.02 g/bhp-hr or 0.03 g/bhp-hr PM, whichever is higher; or, the
applicable NOX FEL+0.3 g/bhp-hr; or, 2 times the applicable
NMHC standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard.
    (f)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.010-30.
    14. Section 86.016-18 is added to Subpart A to read as follows:

Sec.  86.016-18  On-board Diagnostics for engines used in applications
greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    Section 86.016-18 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec.  86.013-18. Where a paragraph in Sec.  86.013-18 is
identical and applicable to Sec.  86.016-18, this may be indicated by
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved].
For guidance see Sec.  86.013-18.''
    (a) through (n) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.013-18.
    (o) Implementation schedule. Except as provided for in paragraph
(o)(3) of this section, the requirements of this section must be met
according to the following provisions:
    (1) OBD groups. The manufacturer shall define one or more OBD
groups to cover all engine ratings in all engine families. The
manufacturer must submit a grouping plan for Administrator review and
approval detailing the OBD groups and the engine families and engine
ratings within each group for a given model year.
    (2) Full OBD. The manufacturer must implement an OBD system meeting
the requirements of this section on all engine ratings in all engine
families.
    (3) Engines certified as alternative fueled engines shall meet the
following requirements:
    (i) To the extent feasible, those specified in Sec.  86.013-
18(i)(3).
    (ii) Monitor the NOX aftertreatment system on engines so
equipped. A malfunction must be detected if:
    (A) The NOX aftertreatment system has no detectable
amount of NOX aftertreatment capability (i.e.,
NOX catalyst conversion or NOX adsorption).
    (B) The NOX aftertreatment substrate is completely
destroyed, removed, or missing.
    (C) The NOX aftertreatment assembly is replaced with a
straight pipe.
    (p) In-use compliance standards. For monitors required to indicate
a malfunction before emissions exceed a certain emission threshold
(e.g., 2 times any of the applicable standards):
    (1) On the engine ratings tested according to Sec.  86.013-
18(l)(2)(ii), the certification emissions thresholds shall apply in-
use.
    (2) On the manufacturer's remaining engine ratings, separate in-use
emissions thresholds shall apply. These thresholds are determined by
doubling the applicable thresholds as shown in Table 1 of Sec.  86.013-
18(g) and Table 2 of Sec.  86.010-18(h). The resultant thresholds apply
only in-use and do not apply for certification or selective enforcement
auditing.
    (3) An OBD system shall not be considered noncompliant solely due
to a failure or deterioration mode of a monitored component or system
that could not have been reasonably foreseen to occur by the
manufacturer.
    15. Section 86.019-18 is added to subpart A to read as follows:

Sec.  86.019-18  On-board diagnostics for engines used in applications
greater than 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    Section 86.019-18 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec. Sec.  86.013-18 and 86.016-18. Where a paragraph in
Sec.  86.013-18 is identical and applicable to Sec.  86.019-18, this
may be indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the
statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.013-18.''
    (a) through (k)(6) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.013-18.
    (k)(7) For 2019 and subsequent model year alternative-fueled
engines derived from a diesel-cycle engine, a manufacturer may meet the
standardization requirements of Sec.  86.013-18(k) that are applicable
to diesel engines rather than the requirements applicable to gasoline
engines.
    (l) through (n) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.013-18.
    (o) Implementation schedule. The manufacturer must implement an OBD
system meeting the requirements of this section on all engines.
    (p) In-use compliance. An OBD system shall not be considered
noncompliant solely due to a failure or deterioration mode of a
monitored component or system that could not have been reasonably
foreseen to occur by the manufacturer.
    16. Section 86.1806-07 is added to Subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1806-07  On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal
to 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    Section 86.1806-07 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec.  86.1806-05. Where a paragraph in Sec.  86.1806-05 is
identical and applicable to Sec.  86.1806-07, this may be indicated by
specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved].
For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-05.''
    (a) through (a)(2) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-05.
    (a)(3) An OBD system demonstrated to fully meet the requirements in
Sec.  86.007-17 may be used to meet the requirements of this section,
provided that such an OBD system also incorporates appropriate
transmission diagnostics as may be required under this section, and
provided that the Administrator finds that a manufacturer's decision to
use the flexibility in this paragraph (a)(3) is based on good
engineering judgement.
    (b) through (h) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-05.
    (i) Deficiencies and alternative fueled vehicles. Upon application
by the manufacturer, the Administrator may accept an OBD system as
compliant even though specific requirements are not fully met. Such
compliances without meeting specific requirements, or deficiencies,
will be granted only if compliance would be infeasible or unreasonable
considering such factors as, but not limited to: technical feasibility
of the given monitor and lead time and production cycles including
phase-in or phase-out of vehicle designs and programmed upgrades of
computers. Unmet requirements should

not be carried over from the previous model year except where
unreasonable hardware or software modifications would be necessary to
correct the deficiency, and the manufacturer has demonstrated an
acceptable level of effort toward compliance as determined by the
Administrator. Furthermore, EPA will not accept any deficiency requests
that include the complete lack of a major diagnostic monitor (``major''
diagnostic monitors being those for exhaust aftertreatment devices,
oxygen sensor, air-fuel ratio sensor, NOX sensor, engine
misfire, evaporative leaks, and diesel EGR, if equipped), with the
possible exception of the special provisions for alternative fueled
engines. For alternative fueled vehicles (e.g., natural gas, liquefied
petroleum gas, methanol, ethanol), manufacturers may request the
Administrator to waive specific monitoring requirements of this section
for which monitoring may not be reliable with respect to the use of the
alternative fuel. At a minimum, alternative fuel engines must be
equipped with an OBD system meeting OBD requirements to the extent
feasible as approved by the Administrator.
    (j) California OBDII compliance option. For light-duty vehicles,
light-duty trucks, and heavy-duty vehicles weighing 14,000 pounds GVWR
or less, demonstration of compliance with California OBD II
requirements (Title 13 California Code of Regulations Sec.  1968.2 (13
CCR 1968.2)), as modified and released on August 11, 2006, shall
satisfy the requirements of this section, except that compliance with
13 CCR 1968.2(e)(4.2.2)(C), pertaining to 0.02-inch evaporative leak
detection, and 13 CCR 1968.2(d)(1.4), pertaining to tampering
protection, are not required to satisfy the requirements of this
section. Also, the deficiency provisions of 13 CCR 1968.2(k) do not
apply. The deficiency provisions of paragraph (i) of this section and
the evaporative leak detection requirement of Sec.  86.1806-05(b)(4)
apply to manufacturers selecting this paragraph for demonstrating
compliance. In addition, demonstration of compliance with 13 CCR
1968.2(e)(15.2.1)(C), to the extent it applies to the verification of
proper alignment between the camshaft and crankshaft, applies only to
vehicles equipped with variable valve timing.
    (k) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-05.
    (n) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
malfunction descriptions of Sec.  86.1806-05(b), the malfunction
descriptions of this paragraph (n) shall apply. The OBD system must
detect and identify malfunctions in all monitored emission-related
powertrain systems or components according to the following malfunction
definitions as measured and calculated in accordance with test
procedures set forth in subpart B of this part (chassis-based test
procedures), excluding those test procedures defined as
``Supplemental'' test procedures in Sec.  86.004-2 and codified in
Sec. Sec.  86.158, 86.159, and 86.160.
    (1) Catalysts and particulate traps.
    (i) If equipped, catalyst deterioration or malfunction before it
results in exhaust emissions exceeding 3 times the applicable
NOX standard. This requirement applies only to reduction
catalysts; monitoring of oxidation catalysts is not required. This
monitoring need not be done if the manufacturer can demonstrate that
deterioration or malfunction of the system will not result in
exceedance of the threshold.
    (ii) If equipped with a particulate trap, catastrophic failure of
the device must be detected. Any particulate trap whose complete
failure results in exhaust emissions exceeding 1.5 times the applicable
standard or FEL for NOX or PM must be monitored for such
catastrophic failure. This monitoring need not be done if the
manufacturer can demonstrate that a catastrophic failure of the system
will not result in exceedance of the threshold.
    (2) Engine misfire. Lack of cylinder combustion must be detected.
    (3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the
applicable NOX standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC
standard.
    (ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the
applicable NOX standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC
standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.
    (iii) NOX sensors. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 5 times the applicable PM standard; or, 4 times the
applicable NOX standard.
    (4) [Reserved.]
    (5) Other emission control systems and components. Any
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an engine system or component
directly intended to control emissions, including but not necessarily
limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped,
and the fuel control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions
exceeding any of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM
standard; or, 3 times the applicable NOX standard; or, 2.5
times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO
standard. A functional check, as described in paragraph (n)(6) of this
section, may satisfy the requirements of this paragraph (n)(5) provided
the manufacturer can demonstrate that a malfunction would not cause
emissions to exceed the applicable levels. This demonstration is
subject to Administrator approval. For engines equipped with crankcase
ventilation (CV), monitoring of the CV system is not necessary provided
the manufacturer can demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction
that the CV system is unlikely to fail.
    (6) Other emission-related powertrain components. Any other
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described in
paragraphs (n)(1) through (n)(5) of this section that either provides
input to or receives commands from the on-board computer and has a
measurable impact on emissions; monitoring of components required by
this paragraph (n)(6) must be satisfied by employing electrical circuit
continuity checks and rationality checks for computer input components
(input values within manufacturer specified ranges based on other
available operating parameters), and functionality checks for computer
output components (proper functional response to computer commands)
except that the Administrator may waive such a rationality or
functionality check where the manufacturer has demonstrated
infeasibility. Malfunctions are defined as a failure of the system or
component to meet the electrical circuit continuity checks or the
rationality or functionality checks.
    (7) Performance of OBD functions. Any sensor or other component
deterioration or malfunction which renders that sensor or component
incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system must be
detected and identified on engines so equipped.
    (o) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
certification provisions of Sec.  86.1806-05(k), the certificate
provisions of this paragraph (o) shall apply. For test groups required
to have an OBD system, certification will not be granted if, for any
test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with the
manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not

illuminate under any of the following circumstances, unless the
manufacturer can demonstrate that any identified OBD problems
discovered during the Administrator's evaluation will be corrected on
production vehicles.
    (1)(i) If monitored for emissions performance--a catalyst is
replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding 3 times
the applicable NOX standard. This requirement applies only
to reduction catalysts.
    (ii) If monitored for performance--a particulate trap is replaced
with a trap that has catastrophically failed, or an electronic
simulation of such.
    (2) An engine misfire condition is induced and is not detected.
    (3)(i) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the applicable
NOX standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, 3 times the applicable
NOX standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard;
or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.
    (iii) If so equipped, any NOX sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 5
times the applicable PM standard; or, 4 times the applicable
NOX standard.
    (4) [Reserved.]
    (5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related
engine system or component, including but not necessarily limited to,
the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, 3
times the applicable NOX standard; or, 2.5 times the
applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.
    (6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described in this
paragraph (o) that either provides input to or receives commands from
the on-board computer resulting in a measurable impact on emissions.
    17. Section 86.1806-10 is added to Subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1806-10  On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal
to 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    Section 86.1806-10 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec.  86.1806-05 and Sec.  86.1806-07. Where a paragraph in
Sec.  86.1806-05 or Sec.  86.1806-07 is identical and applicable to
Sec.  86.1806-10, this may be indicated by specifying the corresponding
paragraph and the statement ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.
86.1806-05.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-07.''
    (a) General.
    (1) All light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and complete heavy-
duty vehicles weighing 14,000 pounds GVWR or less (including MDPVs)
must be equipped with an onboard diagnostic (OBD) system capable of
monitoring all emission-related powertrain systems or components during
the applicable useful life of the vehicle. All systems and components
required to be monitored by these regulations must be evaluated
periodically, but no less frequently than once per applicable
certification test cycle as defined in paragraphs (a) and (d) of
Appendix I of this part, or similar trip as approved by the
Administrator.
    (2) [Reserved.]
    (3) An OBD system demonstrated to fully meet the requirements in
Sec.  86.010-17 may be used to meet the requirements of this section,
provided that such an OBD system also incorporates appropriate
transmission diagnostics as may be required under this section, and
provided that the Administrator finds that a manufacturer's decision to
use the flexibility in this paragraph (a)(3) is based on good
engineering judgement.
    (b) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-07.
    (n) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
malfunction descriptions of Sec.  86.1806-05(b), the malfunction
descriptions of this paragraph (n) shall apply. The OBD system must
detect and identify malfunctions in all monitored emission-related
powertrain systems or components according to the following malfunction
definitions as measured and calculated in accordance with test
procedures set forth in subpart B of this part (chassis-based test
procedures), excluding those test procedures defined as
``Supplemental'' test procedures in Sec.  86.004-2 and codified in
Sec. Sec.  86.158, 86.159, and 86.160.
    (1) Catalysts and particulate traps.
    (i) If equipped, reduction catalyst deterioration or malfunction
before it results in exhaust NOX emissions exceeding the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi. If equipped, oxidation
catalyst deterioration or malfunction before it results in exhaust NMHC
emissions exceeding 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard. These
catalyst monitoring requirements need not be done if the manufacturer
can demonstrate that deterioration or malfunction of the system will
not result in exceedance of the threshold.
    (ii) If equipped, diesel particulate trap deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, exhaust NMHC
emissions exceeding 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.
Catastrophic failure of the particulate trap must also be detected. In
addition, the absence of the particulate trap or the trapping substrate
must be detected.
    (2) Engine misfire. Lack of cylinder combustion must be detected.
    (3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the
applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: The applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the
applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.
    (iii) NOX sensors. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi.
    (4) [Reserved.]
    (5) Other emission control systems and components. Any
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an engine system or component
directly intended to control emissions, including but not necessarily
limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped,
and the fuel control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions
exceeding any of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM
standard; or, the applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi;

or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the
applicable CO standard. A functional check, as described in paragraph
(n)(6) of this section, may satisfy the requirements of this paragraph
(n)(5) provided the manufacturer can demonstrate that a malfunction
would not cause emissions to exceed the applicable levels. This
demonstration is subject to Administrator approval. For engines
equipped with crankcase ventilation (CV), monitoring of the CV system
is not necessary provided the manufacturer can demonstrate to the
Administrator's satisfaction that the CV system is unlikely to fail.
    (6) Other emission-related powertrain components. Any other
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described in
paragraphs (n)(1) through (n)(5) of this section that either provides
input to or receives commands from the on-board computer and has a
measurable impact on emissions; monitoring of components required by
this paragraph (n)(6) must be satisfied by employing electrical circuit
continuity checks and rationality checks for computer input components
(input values within manufacturer specified ranges based on other
available operating parameters), and functionality checks for computer
output components (proper functional response to computer commands)
except that the Administrator may waive such a rationality or
functionality check where the manufacturer has demonstrated
infeasibility. Malfunctions are defined as a failure of the system or
component to meet the electrical circuit continuity checks or the
rationality or functionality checks.
    (7) Performance of OBD functions. Any sensor or other component
deterioration or malfunction which renders that sensor or component
incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system must be
detected and identified on engines so equipped.
    (o) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
certification provisions of Sec.  86.1806-5(k), the certification
provisions of this paragraph (o) shall apply. For test groups required
to have an OBD system, certification will not be granted if, for any
test vehicle approved by the Administrator in consultation with the
manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light does not illuminate under
any of the following circumstances, unless the manufacturer can
demonstrate that any identified OBD problems discovered during the
Administrator's evaluation will be corrected on production vehicles.
    (1)(i) If monitored for emissions performance--a reduction catalyst
is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust NOX emissions
exceeding the applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi. Also if
monitored for emissions performance--an oxidation catalyst is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic simulation
of such, resulting in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2.5 times the
applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) If monitored for performance--a particulate trap is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective trap, or an electronic simulation of
such, resulting in exhaust PM emissions exceeding 4 times the
applicable PM standard or exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2.5 times
the applicable NMHC standard. Also, if monitored for performance--a
particulate trap is replaced with a catastrophically failed trap or a
simulation of such.
    (2) An engine misfire condition is induced and is not detected.
    (3)(i) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, the applicable NOX
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
The applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the applicable NOX
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5
times the applicable CO standard.
    (iii) If so equipped, any NOX sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels: 4
times the applicable PM standard; or, the applicable NOX
standard+0.3 g/mi.
    (4) [Reserved.]
    (5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related
engine system or component, including but not necessarily limited to,
the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: 4 times the applicable PM standard; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2.5 times the
applicable NMHC standard; or, 2.5 times the applicable CO standard.
    (6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described in this
paragraph (o) that either provides input to or receives commands from
the on-board computer resulting in a measurable impact on emissions.
    18. Section 86.1806-13 is added to Subpart S to read as follows:

Sec.  86.1806-13  On-board diagnostics for vehicles less than or equal
to 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    Section 86.1806-13 includes text that specifies requirements that
differ from Sec.  86.1806-05, Sec.  86.1806-07 and Sec.  86.1806-10.
Where a paragraph in Sec.  86.1806-05 or Sec.  86.1806-07 or Sec.
86.1806-10 is identical and applicable to Sec.  86.1806-13 this may be
indicated by specifying the corresponding paragraph and the statement
``[Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-05.'' or ``[Reserved]. For
guidance see Sec.  86.1806-07.'' or ``[Reserved]. For guidance see
Sec.  86.1806-10.''
    (a)(1) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-10.
    (a)(2) [Reserved.]
    (3) An OBD system demonstrated to fully meet the requirements in
Sec.  86.013-17 may be used to meet the requirements of this section,
provided that such an OBD system also incorporates appropriate
transmission diagnostics as may be required under this section, and
provided that the Administrator finds that a manufacturer's decision to
use the flexibility in this paragraph (a)(3) is based on good
engineering judgement.
    (b) through (m) [Reserved]. For guidance see Sec.  86.1806-07.
    (n) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
malfunction descriptions of Sec.  86.1806-05(b), the malfunction
descriptions of this paragraph (n) shall apply. The OBD system must
detect and identify malfunctions in all monitored emission-related
powertrain systems or components according to the following malfunction
definitions as measured and calculated in accordance with test
procedures set forth in subpart B of this part (chassis-based test
procedures), excluding those test procedures defined as
``Supplemental'' test procedures in Sec.  86.004-2 and codified in
Sec. Sec.  86.158, 86.159, and 86.160.
    (1) Catalysts and particulate traps.
    (i) If equipped, reduction catalyst deterioration or malfunction
before it results in exhaust NOX emissions exceeding the
applicable NOX

standard+0.3 g/mi. If equipped, oxidation catalyst deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2
times the applicable NMHC standard. These catalyst monitoring
requirements need not be done if the manufacturer can demonstrate that
deterioration or malfunction of the system will not result in
exceedance of the threshold.
    (ii) If equipped, diesel particulate trap deterioration or
malfunction before it results in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, exhaust
NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.
Catastrophic failure of the particulate trap must also be detected. In
addition, the absence of the particulate trap or the trapping substrate
must be detected.
    (2) Engine misfire. Lack of cylinder combustion must be detected.
    (3)(i) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors downstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable
NMHC standard.
    (ii) Oxygen sensors and air-fuel ratio sensors upstream of
aftertreatment devices. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable
NMHC standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard.
    (iii) NOX sensors. If equipped, sensor deterioration or
malfunction resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the
following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi.
    (4) [Reserved.]
    (5) Other emission control systems and components. Any
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an engine system or component
directly intended to control emissions, including but not necessarily
limited to, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped,
and the fuel control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions
exceeding any of the following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.02
g/mi; or, the applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times
the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard. A
functional check, as described in paragraph (n)(6) of this section, may
satisfy the requirements of this paragraph (n)(5) provided the
manufacturer can demonstrate that a malfunction would not cause
emissions to exceed the applicable levels. This demonstration is
subject to Administrator approval. For engines equipped with crankcase
ventilation (CV), monitoring of the CV system is not necessary provided
the manufacturer can demonstrate to the Administrator's satisfaction
that the CV system is unlikely to fail.
    (6) Other emission-related powertrain components. Any other
deterioration or malfunction occurring in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described in
paragraphs (n)(1) through (n)(5) of this section that either provides
input to or receives commands from the on-board computer and has a
measurable impact on emissions; monitoring of components required by
this paragraph (n)(6) must be satisfied by employing electrical circuit
continuity checks and rationality checks for computer input components
(input values within manufacturer specified ranges based on other
available operating parameters), and functionality checks for computer
output components (proper functional response to computer commands)
except that the Administrator may waive such a rationality or
functionality check where the manufacturer has demonstrated
infeasibility. Malfunctions are defined as a failure of the system or
component to meet the electrical circuit continuity checks or the
rationality or functionality checks.
    (7) Performance of OBD functions. Any sensor or other component
deterioration or malfunction which renders that sensor or component
incapable of performing its function as part of the OBD system must be
detected and identified on engines so equipped.
    (o) For diesel complete heavy-duty vehicles, in lieu of the
certification provisions of paragraph (k) of this section, the
certification provisions of this paragraph (o) shall apply. For test
groups required to have an OBD system, certification will not be
granted if, for any test vehicle approved by the Administrator in
consultation with the manufacturer, the malfunction indicator light
does not illuminate under any of the following circumstances, unless
the manufacturer can demonstrate that any identified OBD problems
discovered during the Administrator's evaluation will be corrected on
production vehicles.
    (1)(i) If monitored for emissions performance--a reduction catalyst
is replaced with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic
simulation of such, resulting in exhaust NOX emissions
exceeding the applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi. Also if
monitored for emissions performance--an oxidation catalyst is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective catalyst, or an electronic simulation
of such, resulting in exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the
applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) If monitored for performance--a particulate trap is replaced
with a deteriorated or defective trap, or an electronic simulation of
such, resulting in exhaust PM emissions exceeding the applicable
standard+0.04 g/mi or exhaust NMHC emissions exceeding 2 times the
applicable NMHC standard. Also, if monitored for performance--a
particulate trap is replaced with a catastrophically failed trap or a
simulation of such.
    (2) An engine misfire condition is induced and is not detected.
    (3)(i) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located downstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the applicable NOX
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard.
    (ii) If so equipped, any oxygen sensor or air-fuel ratio sensor
located upstream of aftertreatment devices is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the applicable NOX
standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable NMHC standard; or, 2
times the applicable CO standard.
    (iii) If so equipped, any NOX sensor is replaced with a
deteriorated or defective sensor, or an electronic simulation of such,
resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any of the following levels:
the applicable PM standard+0.04 g/mi; or, the applicable NOX
standard+0.3 g/mi.
    (4) [Reserved.]
    (5) A malfunction condition is induced in any emission-related
engine system or component, including but not necessarily limited to,
the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, if equipped, and the fuel
control system, singularly resulting in exhaust emissions exceeding any
of the following levels: the applicable PM standard+0.02 g/mi; or, the
applicable NOX standard+0.3 g/mi; or, 2 times the applicable
NMHC standard; or, 2 times the applicable CO standard.
    (6) A malfunction condition is induced in an electronic emission-
related powertrain system or component not otherwise described in this

paragraph (o) that either provides input to or receives commands from
the on-board computer resulting in a measurable impact on emissions.

[FR Doc. 07-110 Filed 1-23-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-P