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Science for Solutions _______________________________________________________________________________________________

NOAA COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM Decision Analysis Series No. 12 Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and Adjacent Waters Mark S. Fonseca, W. Judson Kenworthy, and Gordon W. Thayer National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center Beaufort Laboratory 101 Pivers Island Road Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 9722 November 1998 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE William H. Daley, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration D. James Baker, Under Secretary Coastal Ocean Office David Johnson, Acting Director This publication should be cited as:

Fonseca, Mark S., et al. 1998. Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and Adjacent Waters. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Series No. 12. NOAA Coastal Ocean Office, Silver Spring, MD. 222 pp.

This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminisstration ( NOAA). No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, in any advertising or sales promotion which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause directly or indirectly the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. Note to Readers Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses in the United States and Adjacent Waters was developed by Mark Fonseca of NOAA's Beaufort Laboratory, along with Jud Kenworthy and Gordon Thayer, with funding from NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program. The document presents an overview of the current state of seagrass conservation and restoration in the United States, discusses important issues that should be addressed in planning seagrass restoration projects, describes different planting methodologies, proposes monitoring criteria and means for evaluating success, and discusses issues faced by resource managers.

The Coastal Ocean Program ( COP) provides a focal point through which NOAA, together with other organizations with responsibilities for the coastal environment and its resources, can make significant strides toward finding solutions to critical problems. By working together toward these solutions we can ensure the sustainability of these coastal resources and allow for compatible economic development that will enhance the well being of the Nation now and in future generations. The goals of the program parallel those of the NOAA Strategic Plan.

A specific objective of the COP is to provide the highest quality scientific information to coastal managers in time for critical decision making and in formats useful for these decisions. To help achieve this, the COP inaugurated a program of developing documents that would synthesize information on issues that were of high priority to coastal managers. As a contribution to the Decision Analysis Series, this report provides a critical synthesis of the methods for planning, planting, monitoring, and evaluating seagrass restoration projects. A list of available documents in the Decision Analysis Series can be found on the inside back cover.

As with all of its products, the COP is very interested in ascertaining the utility of the Decision Analysis Series, particularly in regard to its application to the management decision process. Therefore, we encourage you to write, fax, call, or E mail us with your comments. Please be assured that we will appreciated these comments, either positive or negative, and that they will help us direct our future efforts. Our address and telephone and fax numbers are on the inside front cover. My Internet address is COASTALOCEAN@ COP. NOAA. GOV.

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W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? g @ @ @ @ @ ? ? J @ @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ @ ? g ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? V ' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M f ? W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ W 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? f ? O 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? I 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 6 K ? 7 @ @ @ @ ? O & @ @ @ @ ( Y 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M f ? 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? O & @ @ @ @ ( Y ? h e ? J @ @ @ @ H ? f W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y h @ @ @ @ @ ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ 5 @ @ @ @ @ ? g ? @ @ @ @ @ @ H V ' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M ? N @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? g W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ H ? e ? O 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? I 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 6 K ? h e O 2 @ ( ? @ @ @ @ @ ? W 2 @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? V ' @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? f ? V 4 @ @ @ @ 0 M ? e @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y h f ? 7 @ @ @ @ f ? O & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M h ? J @ @ @ @ 5 ? J @ @ @ @ @ ( Y @ @ @ @ @ L g ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? @ @ @ @ 0 M ? h ? W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ e ? O 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M I 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 ? ' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? O & @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? V 4 @ 0 M @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? h f ? @ @ @ @ @ e ? W 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? h ? 7 @ @ @ @ H ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? 3 @ @ @ @ 1 g J @ @ @ @ @ H ? W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ W 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? ? @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? O 2 @ @ @ @ @ 0 M @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? @ @ @ @ @ @ 6 ? & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y h e ? @ @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 N @ @ @ @ @ g 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? W & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ X @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M I 4 @ @ 0 M ? @ @ @ @ H ? ? W 2 @ @ @ @ @ ( M @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M h f ? @ @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ @ g @ @ @ @ @ @ O & @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? S @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M ? @ @ @ @ L ? O & @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? h f ? @ @ @ @ @ J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ @ f ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M e ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M e ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? ? 3 @ @ @ 1 ? h e ? O 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? I @ M ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? @ @ @ @ @ 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? @ @ @ @ @ f ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M f J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M f J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? N @ @ @ @ ? h ? O 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ ( M ? ? I 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? 3 @ @ @ @ f ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? W & @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? e ? W & @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? f 7 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? @ @ @ @ @ 6 ? @ K O 2 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? I ' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? N @ @ @ @ L ? e J @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ ( M ? f W & @ @ @ @ @ ( M ? g 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? @ @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ 1 ? e 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? 3 @ @ @ @ 0 Y g 7 @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y h V ' @ @ @ @ 0 M ? ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? J @ @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? V 4 @ 0 M h @ @ @ @ 0 M h e ? V 4 @ 0 M ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? N @ @ @ @ ? ? W & @ @ @ @ 5 @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? ? @ @ @ @ 1 ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H @ @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? ? @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ @ W & @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ H J @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ ? ? J @ @ @ @ @ @ N @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ H ? J @ @ @ @ ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? 3 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? N @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? J @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ 5 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ H @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? @ @ @ @ H ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? 3 @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? @ @ @ @ 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? V ' @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? V 4 0 M ? ? @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ J @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ 7 @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ J @ @ @ @ @ ( Y ? ? J @ @ @ @ 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? N @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? J @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? ? N @ @ @ @ 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ L ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ 1 ? ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? 3 @ @ @ @ L J @ @ @ @ @ ? N @ @ @ @ 1 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? 3 @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? N @ @ @ @ L ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? @ @ @ @ 1 ? ? @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? J @ @ @ @ @ ? 3 @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ ? h e 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? N @ @ @ @ L ? @ 5 ? h ? J @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? 3 @ @ @ 1 h f W 2 @ ( Y ? h ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? N @ @ @ @ h e ? W & @ @ H h e ? @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? 3 @ @ @ @ 6 X ? g O & @ @ 5 ? h e ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? V ' @ @ @ @ ) K f O 2 @ @ @ ( Y ? h e J @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? ? V ' @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ( Y h f 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 Y ? h f @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? I 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ 0 M ? @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? I 4 @ 0 M @ @ @ @ @ ? ? ? J @ @ @ @ @ ? ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ @ ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ H ? ? J @ @ @ @ @ ? 7 @ @ @ @ 5 ? @ @ @ @ @ H ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? @ @ @ @ @ ? ? ? J @ @ @ @ 5 ? ? ? 7 @ @ @ @ H ? ? ? 3 @ @ @ @ ? ? N @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ ? @ @ @ @ L ? ? 3 @ @ @ 1 ? ? N @ @ @ @ L ? ? 3 @ @ @ ) X ? ? ? V ' @ @ @ ) K ? V ' @ @ @ @ 6 K ? ? V 4 @ @ @ @ @ @ ? ? ? I 4 @ @ @ @ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? iv v LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 What Are Seagrasses? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Defining Seagrass Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Spatial Scale and Its Role in Defining Seagrass Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Vulnerability and Susceptibility of Seagrass Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Historical Impacts and Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 A Short History of Seagrass Mitigation and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Management Context for Mitigation and Restoration of Seagrass Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Pitfalls in the Mitigation and Restoration Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Regional Breakdown of Permit Activities Dealing with Seagrass Mitigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Northeast ( NE) Region ( Maine through Virginia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Southeast ( SE) Region ( North Carolina through Texas including the U. S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico) . . . . . . . . . . 28 Northwest ( NW) and Alaska Regions ( Oregon, Washington and Alaska) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Southwest ( SW) Region ( California, Hawaii and Pacific Territories) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Comparative Analysis of Seagrass Planting Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Are Planted Seagrass Beds Functionally Equivalent to Naturally Occurring Beds? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 CHAPTER 2: PLANNING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Pre Project Planning Considerations: Importance of Genetic Diversity in Seagrass Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 More Pre Project Planning Considerations: Seagrass Bed Spatial Requirements and Planting Site Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Planning for Execution of a Planting Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Identification of Project Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Table of Contents _______________________________________________________________________________ vi ° Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses Pre Construction Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Southern California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Chesapeake Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Connecticut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Assessment of Interim Losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Pre Impact and Pre Planting Surveys: Identifying Presence, Absence and Reasons for Absence of Seagrass Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Minimum Size to Justify Pre Planting Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Planting Site Selection and Off site Vs. On Site planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Engineered Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Channel Plantings, Effects of Structures and Other Human Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Constraints Imposed by Physical Setting on Planting Operations . . . . . . . 73 Emersion Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Bioturbation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Sediment Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Sediment Stability: Erosion and Burial of Seagrass Shoots . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Possibility of Natural Recolonization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Nutrient Requirements for Transplanting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Light Requirements for Transplanting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Salinity and Temperature Requirements for Transplanting . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Micropropagation and Laboratory Culture of Seagrass for Planting . . . . . . 99 Wild Stock Selection, Availability, and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Long Term Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Planting Contingencies by Ecological Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Mid Atlantic Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Gulf of Mexico and the Florida East Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 South Florida and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Conterminous West Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Alaska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Hawaii and Pacific Territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 CHAPTER 3: PLANTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Plug Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Staple Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Peat Pot Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Other Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 Fertilizer Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Spacing of Planting Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Quiescent Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Wave Exposed or High Current Speed Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 CHAPTER 4: MONITORING AND EVALUATING SUCCESS . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Monitoring Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Areal Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 Number of Shoots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Monitoring Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 Interpretation of Monitoring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Real Cost of Seagrass Transplanting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 CHAPTER 5: MANAGER'S SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 No Net Loss of Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Seagrass Ecosystems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Value and Function of Seagrass Habitat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Loss of Seagrass Habitat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Mitigation as a Management Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Special Planning Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Preserving Genetic Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Site Surveys Prior to Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Identify Project Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Permit Corodination Protocols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Interim Loss Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Site Surveys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Site Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Obtaining Transplant Stock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Planting Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Evaluating Project Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Monitoring Planted Beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Interpreting Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Cost Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Conservation, Mitigation, and Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Contents ° vii viii ° Guidelines for the Conservation and Restoration of Seagrasses ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 APPENDIX B: SEAGRASS SPECIES CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 APPENDIX C: PARTIAL LIST OF EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Staple Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Peat Pot Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Core Tube Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 APPENDIX D: SUGGESTED MINIMUM COMPONENTS OF PROPOSALS AND REPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 A. Mitigation Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 B. Time Zero Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 C. Progress Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 D. Final Project Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 APPENDIX E: EXAMPLE PROPELLER AND MOORING SCAR RESTORATION PLAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 APPENDIX F. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER READING . . . . . . . 221 ix Figures and Tables _______________________________________________________________________________

FIGURES Figure 1.1. Seagrass species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Figure 1.2. Cumulative bottom covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Figure 1.3. Survey of percent planting unit survival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 1.4. Survey of percent area covered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 1.5. Faunal abundance in planted seagrass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 1.6. Aerial photograph of seagrass bed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Figure 1.7. Change in seagrass bed cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Figure 2.1. Decision flow diagram for seagrass planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Figure 2.2. Assessing interim loss of seagrass habitat functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Figure 2.3. Computation of replacement ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Figure 2.4. Seagrass cover and physical setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Figure 2.5. Site selection process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Figure 2.6. Ruppia in culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Figure 2.7. Recovery of donor beds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Figure 3.1. Comparison of plugs, cores, peat pots and staples. . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Figure 3.2. Staple method of seagrass planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Figure 3.3. Planting technique using flat biodegradable sticks . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Figure 3.4. Planting technique using round biodegradable sticks . . . . . . . . . . 118 Figure 3.5. Peat pot method of seagrass planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Figure 3.6. Line planting technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Figure 3.7. Remote planting method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Figure 3.8 Computing row spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 Figure 4.1. Sequencing of the seagrass planting success criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . 133 TABLES Table 1.1. List of seagrass species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Table 1.2. Chesapeake Bay SAV habitat requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Table 1.3. Percent of seagrass planting documents by literature source. . . . . . . . 32 Table 1.4. Percentage of seagrass field planting documents by region . . . . . . . . 33 Table 1.5. Area and number of planting units by region and seagrass species . . . 34 Table 1.6. Percentage of transplanting methods by region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Table 1.7. Percentage of transplanting methods by seagrass species . . . . . . . . . . 37 Table 1.8. Experimental parameters in field planting studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Table 1.9. Ten most common monitoring parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Table 2.1. Submersed aquatic vegetation habitat requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 x


From:	Robert Anderson/DC/USEPA/US
To:	"Frey, Nathan J."<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Cc:	Karl Simon/DC/USEPA/US@EPA, Nancy Ketcham-Colwill/DC/USEPA/US@EPA, Lori Stewart/DC/USEPA/US@EPA, Mary Manners/AA/USEPA/US@EPA, Karen Thundiyil/DC/USEPA/US@EPA
Date:	05/19/2011 03:47 PM
Subject:	Re: EO 12866 Interagency Comments - E15 misfueling rule

Nathan,

Attached please find EPA's responses to the interagency comments under EO 12866.  Please note that we've attached both a clean and redline version of the rule in addition to specific responses to the summary comments.  Also, we have included an expanded write-up on the E10/E0 availability petition in addition to an expanded discussion on federalism issues.  Please let me know if you have any questions.

Robert K. Anderson
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>

From:	Lori Stewart/DC/USEPA/US
To:	Nancy Ketcham-Colwill/DC/USEPA/US@EPA, Robert Anderson/DC/USEPA/US@EPA
Cc:	Karl Simon/DC/USEPA/US@EPA
Date:	05/10/2011 02:26 PM
Subject:	Fw: EO 12866 Interagency Comments - E15 misfueling rule

just in case Karl is tied up, wanted to get these to you

----- Forwarded by Lori Stewart/DC/USEPA/US on 05/10/2011 02:26 PM -----

From:	"Frey, Nathan J."<EMAIL_ADDRESS>To:	Lori Stewart/DC/USEPA/US@EPA
Cc:	Karl Simon/DC/USEPA/US@EPA
Date:	05/10/2011 02:23 PM
Subject:	EO 12866 Interagency Comments - E15 misfueling rule

Attached please find interagency comments under EO 12866 for the E15 misfueling rule (2060-AQ17).  Please let me know if you have any questions.[attachment "E15 summary of interagency comments.doc" deleted by Robert Anderson/DC/USEPA/US] [attachment "Interagency Comments_on_E15_misfueling_rule.docx" deleted by Robert Anderson/DC/USEPA/US]


[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 218 (Thursday, November 10, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 79068-79069]
[FR Doc No: 2016-27150]

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-79240; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2016-146]

Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC;
Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change To
Amend Rule 9400 To Include a Cross-Reference

November 4, 2016.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
(``Act'')\1\, and Rule 19b-4 \2\ thereunder, notice is hereby given
that, on October 25, 2016, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``Nasdaq'' or
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission
(``SEC'' or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in
Items I and II below, which Items have been prepared by the Exchange.
The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the
proposed rule change from interested persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance
of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 9400, entitled ``Expedited
Client Suspension Proceeding'' to include a cross-reference for
clarification.
    The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange's
Web site at http://nasdaq.cchwallstreet.com, at the principal office of
the Exchange, and at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in
Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in
sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such
statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    The Exchange is filing this proposal to amend Rule 9400, entitled
``Expedited Client Suspension Proceeding'' to include a cross-reference
Chapter III, Section 16, entitled ``Disruptive Quoting and Trading
Activity Prohibited'' within Rule 9400. The Exchange filed a rule
change to adopt an options rule, identical to equities Rule 2170, which
relates to disruptive quoting and trading activity.\3\ In that rule
change, it stated that ``[t]he Exchange will initiate disciplinary
action for violations of Chapter III, Section 16, pursuant to Rule
9400.'' \4\ At that time, the Exchange inadvertently did not include
the cross-references to Chapter III, Section 16 within Rule 9400. The
Exchange proposes to add references to Chapter III, Section 16 within
Rule 9400 for clarity. This rule change is non-controversial.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ See Securities and Exchange Release No. 78208 (June 30,
2016), 81 FR 44366 (July 7, 2016) (SR-NASDAQ-2016-092).
    \4\ See Securities and Exchange Release No. 78208 (June 30,
2016), 81 FR 44366, 44370 (July 7, 2016) (SR-NASDAQ-2016-092). Rule
9400 is located within the Code of Procedure rules which apply to
both equities and options violations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Background
    The Exchange filed a rule change to adopt an options rule to
clearly prohibit disruptive quoting and trading activity on the
Exchange and to permit the Exchange to take prompt action to suspend
members or their clients that violate such rule pursuant to Rule
9400.\5\ The Exchange had previously adopted Rule 9400 to set forth
procedures for issuing suspension orders, immediately prohibiting a
member from conducting continued disruptive quoting and trading
activity on the Exchange.\6\ Rule 9400 provides the Exchange the
authority to order a member to cease and desist from providing access
to the Exchange to a client of the member that is conducting disruptive
quoting and trading activity in violation of Rule 2170. The Exchange
also previously adopted Rule 2400 to specifically define and prohibit
disruptive equities quoting and trading activity on the Exchange.\7\
Chapter III, Section 16 is identical to Rule 2400, however applicable
to options. Similarly, Chapter III, Section 16 prohibits members from
engaging in or facilitating disruptive options quoting and trading
activity on the Exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ See note 3.
    \6\ See Securities and Exchange Release No. 77913 (May 25,
2016), 81 FR 35081 (June 1, 2016) (SR-NASDAQ-2016-074).
    \7\ See note 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange proposes to simply add the cross-references for the
options rules alongside the equity rule for clarity. This rule change
is consistent with the intent of the rule proposal which adopted
Chapter III, Section 16.\8\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ See note 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes that its proposal is consistent with Section
6(b) of the Act,\9\ in general, and furthers the objectives of Section
6(b)(5) of the Act,\10\ in particular, in that the rules of the
Exchange are designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and
practices, it [sic] is designed to promote just and equitable
principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism
of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in general
to protect investors and the public interest by making clear within
Rule 9400 that violations of Chapter III, Section 16 are subject to
disciplinary action pursuant to Rule 9400 as stated in the Exchange's
rule filing.\11\ This cross-reference will provide clarity to members
and ease of reference to the

corresponding options rule. The proposed rule change is non-
controversial. The addition of the cross-reference is for clarity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \10\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \11\ See note 4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will
impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in
furtherance of the purposes of the Act. This non-controversial rule
change will merely add the reference to the options rule next to the
current reference for the equity rule to make clear, as noted in the
rule changes, that violations of either rule relating to disruptive
quoting and trading activity, will be disciplined pursuant to Rule
9400.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    No written comments were either solicited or received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
Commission Action

    Because the foregoing proposed rule change does not: (i)
significantly affect the protection of investors or the public
interest; (ii) impose any significant burden on competition; and (iii)
become operative for 30 days from the date on which it was filed, or
such shorter time as the Commission may designate, it has become
effective pursuant to Section 19(b)(3)(A) of the Act \12\ and Rule 19b-
4(f)(6) thereunder.\13\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A).
    \13\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(6).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A proposed rule change filed pursuant to Rule 19b-4(f)(6) under the
Act \14\ normally does not become operative for 30 days after the date
of its filing. However, Rule 19b-4(f)(6) \15\ permits the Commission to
designate a shorter time if such action is consistent with the
protection of investors and the public interest. The Exchange believes
that waiving the 30-day operative delay is consistent with the
protection of investors and the public interest because it would allow
the Exchange to immediately add the cross-reference within Rule 9400
which would provide clarity to members. The Exchange notes that a rule
change to permit Rule 9400 to apply to violations of Chapter III,
Section 16 was previously filed with the Commission. However, that
filing failed to amend the rule text of Rule 9400 and only discussed
the intended application of Rule 9400 to violations of Chapter III,
Section 16 in the purpose section of the Form 19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(6).
    \15\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f)(6).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The text of the rule governs what actions the Exchange can
take.\16\ However, because the description in the original filing sets
forth what the Exchange intended the rule to cover, and this proposed
rule change corrects an oversight by the Exchange in the previous
filing, the Commission believes that waiving the 30-day operative delay
\17\ is consistent with the protection of investors and the public
interest and designates the proposal operative on filing.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ See Section 6(b)(1) of the Act. 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(1).
    \17\ For purposes only of waiving the 30-day operative delay,
the Commission has considered the proposed rule's impact on
efficiency, competition, and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C.
78c(f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    At any time within 60 days of the filing of the proposed rule
change, the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend such rule
change if it appears to the Commission that such action is necessary or
appropriate in the public interest, for the protection of investors, or
otherwise in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. If the Commission
takes such action, the Commission will institute proceedings to
determine whether the proposed rule change should be approved or
disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please include
File Number SR-NASDAQ-2016-146 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2016-146. This
file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently,
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on
the Commission's Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available
for inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All
comments received will be posted without change; the Commission does
not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All
submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2016-146 and should
be submitted on or before December 1, 2016.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets,
pursuant to delegated authority.\18\
Brent J. Fields,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2016-27150 Filed 11-9-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


[Federal Register Volume 77, Number 44 (Tuesday, March 6, 2012)]
[Notices]
[Page 13384]
[FR Doc No: 2012-5352]

=======================================================================
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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Office of the Secretary

Additional Guidance on Airfare/Air Tour Price Advertisements;
Correction

AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, Department of Transportation.

ACTION: Notice; correction.

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SUMMARY: The Department published a notice entitled ``Additional
Guidance on Airfare/Air Tour Price Advertisements,'' in the Federal
Register of February 27, 2012; the notice contained an incorrect
address for the Department.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nicholas Lowry, Attorney, Office of
Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings (C-70), 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE.,
Washington, DC 20590,<PHONE_NUMBER>.

Correction

    In the Federal Register of February 27, 2012, in Vol. 38, at 77 FR
11618, on page 11619, in the last paragraph, correct the address of the
Office of Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings (C-70) to read: 1200 New
Jersey Ave. SE., Washington, DC 20590. An electronic version of this
document is available at http://www.regulations.gov.

    Dated: February 29, 2012.
Samuel Podberesky,
Assistant General Counsel for Aviation Enforcement and Proceedings.
[FR Doc. 2012-5352 Filed 3-5-12; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-9X-P


[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 58 (Tuesday, March 28, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 15281-15283]
[FR Doc No: 2017-05766]

========================================================================
Rules and Regulations
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents
having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed
to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published
under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.

The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents.

========================================================================

Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 58 / Tuesday, March 28, 2017 / Rules
and Regulations

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 39

[Docket No. FAA-2014-0922; Directorate Identifier 2014-NM-156-AD;
Amendment 39-18836; AD 2017-06-12]
RIN 2120-AA64

Airworthiness Directives; Airbus Airplanes

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of
Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We are adopting a new airworthiness directive (AD) for certain
Airbus Model A319 and A320 series airplanes. This AD was prompted by a
report that fatigue cracking could appear at certain fastener locations
in the longeron area below the emergency exit cut-outs. This AD
requires the modification of certain fastener locations in the longeron
area below the emergency exit cut-outs. We are issuing this AD to
address the unsafe condition on these products.

DATES: This AD is effective May 2, 2017.
    The Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by
reference of a certain publication listed in this AD as of May 2, 2017.

ADDRESSES: For service information identified in this final rule,
contact Airbus, Airworthiness Office--EIAS, 1 Rond Point Maurice
Bellonte, 31707 Blagnac Cedex, France; telephone +33 5 61 93 36 96; fax
+33 5 61 93 44 51; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Internet
http://www.airbus.com. You may view this referenced service information
at the FAA, Transport Airplane Directorate, 1601 Lind Avenue SW.,
Renton, WA. For information on the availability of this material at the
FAA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. It is also available on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2014-
0922.

Examining the AD Docket

    You may examine the AD docket on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2014-
0922; or in person at the Docket Management Facility between 9 a.m. and
5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket
contains this AD, the regulatory evaluation, any comments received, and
other information. The street address for the Docket Office (telephone
800-647-5527) is Docket Management Facility, U.S. Department of
Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sanjay Ralhan, Aerospace Engineer,
International Branch, ANM-116, Transport Airplane Directorate, FAA,
1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, WA 98057-3356; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>;
fax<PHONE_NUMBER>.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Discussion

    We issued a supplemental notice of proposed rulemaking (SNPRM) to
amend 14 CFR part 39 by adding an AD that would apply to certain Airbus
Model A319 and A320 series airplanes. The SNPRM published in the
Federal Register on January 20, 2016 (81 FR 3053) (``the SNPRM''). We
preceded the SNPRM with a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) that
published in the Federal Register on December 15, 2014 (79 FR 74035)
(``the NPRM''). The NPRM proposed to require the modification of eight
fastener locations in the longeron area below the emergency exit cut-
outs on the left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) sides. The NPRM was
prompted by a report that fatigue cracking could appear at certain
fastener locations in the longeron area below the emergency exit cut-
outs. The NPRM was intended to complete certain mandated programs
intended to support the airplane reaching its limit of validity (LOV)
of the engineering data that support the established structural
maintenance program. The SNPRM proposed to add post-Airbus Modification
32208 airplanes. We are issuing this AD to detect and correct cracking
at certain fastener locations in the longeron area below the emergency
exit cut-outs, which could lead to failure of the fasteners and reduced
structural integrity of the airplane.
    The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which is the Technical
Agent for the Member States of the European Union, has issued EASA
Airworthiness Directive 2015-0085, dated May 13, 2015 (referred to
after this as the Mandatory Continuing Airworthiness Information, or
``the MCAI''), to correct an unsafe condition on certain Model A319 and
Model A320 series airplanes. The MCAI states:

    During the A320 fatigue test campaign for Extended Service Goal
(ESG), it was determined that fatigue damage could appear at certain
fastener locations on the longeron [area] below the emergency exit
cut-outs, on the left-hand (LH) and right-hand (RH) sides of the
fuselage.
    This condition, if not detected and corrected, could affect the
structural integrity of the aeroplane.
    To address this potential unsafe condition, Airbus developed a
modification, which has been published through Airbus Service
Bulletin (SB) A320-53-1265 for in-service application to allow
aeroplanes to operate up to the new ESG limit. Consequently, EASA
issued AD 2014-0176 to require modification (cold working) of 8
fastener locations in the longeron area (Stringer 20A) below the
emergency exit cut-outs on the LH and RH sides.
    Since that [EASA] AD was issued, it was identified that post-mod
32208 aeroplanes, which were excluded from the Applicability of that
[EASA] AD, are also affected.
    For the reason described above, this [EASA] AD retains the
requirements of EASA AD 2014-0176, which is superseded, but no
longer excludes post-mod 32208 aeroplanes from the Applicability.

    As described in FAA Advisory Circular 120-104, several programs
have been developed to support initiatives that will ensure the
continued airworthiness of aging airplane structure. The last element
of those initiatives is the requirement to establish a LOV of the
engineering data that support the structural maintenance program under
14 CFR 26.21. This AD is the result of an assessment of the previously
established programs by the design approval holder (DAH) during the
process of establishing the LOV for Airbus Model A319 and A320 series
airplanes. The actions specified in this AD are necessary to complete
certain programs to ensure the continued airworthiness of aging
airplane structure

and to support an airplane reaching its LOV.
    You may examine the MCAI in the AD docket on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2014-
0922.

Comments

    We gave the public the opportunity to participate in developing
this AD. The following presents the comments received on the SNPRM and
the FAA's response to each comment.

Requests To Reference Revised Service Information

    Airbus, Delta Air Lines (Delta), and United Airlines (United)
requested that we revise the SNPRM to reference Airbus Service Bulletin
A320-53-1265, Revision 03, dated April 30, 2015.
    We agree with the commenters' requests to include the most recent
service information; however, since Revision 03 was issued, Airbus
Service Bulletin A320-53-1265, Revision 04, dated July 6, 2016, has
been issued. No additional work is specified by Revision 03 or Revision
04 of Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-1265. Therefore, we have revised
paragraph (g) of this AD to reference Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-
1265, Revision 04, dated July 6, 2016, and we have revised paragraph
(h) of this AD to provide credit for actions accomplished prior to the
effective date of this AD using Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-1265,
Revision 02, dated July 10, 2014; or Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-
1265, Revision 03, dated April 30, 2015.

Request To Revise Proposed Costs of Compliance

    Delta asked that we include the purchase price of the Airbus
service information in the Costs of Compliance section of the SNPRM.
Delta stated that operators must purchase the service information at a
cost ranging, in their experience, from $15,000 to $280,000 per
airplane. Delta added that the economic impact of the SNPRM should
account for all costs associated with the regulatory action, including
the purchase price of the service information.
    We do not agree with the commenter's request. The cost analysis in
AD rulemaking actions describes only the direct costs of the specific
actions required by the AD. Based on the best data available, the
manufacturer provided the number of work-hours necessary for compliance
with this AD, and the cost of any parts necessary for accomplishing
those actions. It is our practice to post the service information that
is required by this AD, and incorporated by reference in this AD, in
the AD docket on the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov. Therefore,
the service information is available to the affected parties by the
means identified in the ADDRESSES section of this final rule.
    However, we have updated the estimated costs in this final rule to
reflect the costs for required actions, as specified in the latest
revision of the service information--i.e., Airbus Service Bulletin
A320-53-1265, Revision 04, dated July 6, 2016.

Request To Revise Proposed Applicability

    Delta requested that we revise the proposed applicability to
reflect the effectivity specified in Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-
1265, Revision 02, dated July 10, 2014. Delta pointed out that, in our
response to a comment from United in the SNPRM, we stated that we had
revised the applicability to reflect the effectivity of Airbus Service
Bulletin A320-53-1265, Revision 02, dated July 10, 2014. Delta asserted
that the proposed applicability was not updated as stated.
    We do not agree to revise the applicability of this AD. However, we
acknowledge that we did not revise the applicability specified in the
proposed AD (in the SNPRM) to reflect the effectivity of Airbus Service
Bulletin A320-53-1265, Revision 02, dated July 10, 2014. That service
information specifies certain manufacturer's serial numbers (MSNs) for
certain operators; however, the applicability of this AD matches the
applicability specified in the MCAI, which applies to all MSNs, except
those airplanes on which Airbus Modification 152637 has been embodied
in production. Airbus developed Modification 152637 to enable these
airplanes to continue to safely operate up to the new ESG. Because all
airplanes reaching their LOV are subject to the effects of aging
airplane structure, regardless of who operates them, we find it
necessary to apply the requirements of this AD to all airplanes that
have not had Airbus Modification 152637 installed. We have not revised
this AD in this regard.

Conclusion

    We reviewed the relevant data, considered the comments received,
and determined that air safety and the public interest require adopting
this AD with the changes described previously, and minor editorial
changes. We have determined that these minor changes:
     Are consistent with the intent that was proposed in the
SNPRM for correcting the unsafe condition; and
     Do not add any additional burden upon the public than was
already proposed in the SNPRM.
    We also determined that these changes will not increase the
economic burden on any operator or increase the scope of this AD.

Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51

    Airbus has issued Service Bulletin A320-53-1265, Revision 04, dated
July 6, 2016. The service information describes procedures for
modifying the fastener locations in the longeron area below the
emergency exit cut-outs on both RH and LH sides of the fuselage. This
service information is reasonably available because the interested
parties have access to it through their normal course of business or by
the means identified in the ADDRESSES section.

Costs of Compliance

    We estimate that this AD affects 294 airplanes of U.S. registry.
    We estimate that it takes between 7 and 12 work-hours per product
to comply with the basic requirements of this AD, depending on airplane
configuration. The average labor rate is $85 per work-hour. Required
parts will cost about $0 per product. Based on these figures, we
estimate the cost of this AD on U.S. operators to be between $174,930
and $299,880, or between $595 and $1,020 per product.

Authority for This Rulemaking

    Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. ``Subtitle VII: Aviation
Programs,'' describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's
authority.
    We are issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
``Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.

Regulatory Findings

    We determined that this AD will not have federalism implications
under

Executive Order 13132. This AD will not have a substantial direct
effect on the States, on the relationship between the national
government and the States, or on the distribution of power and
responsibilities among the various levels of government.
    For the reasons discussed above, I certify that this AD:
    1. Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive Order
12866;
    2. Is not a ``significant rule'' under the DOT Regulatory Policies
and Procedures (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979);
    3. Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska; and
    4. Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39

    Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.

Adoption of the Amendment

    Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as follows:

PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.

Sec.  39.13   [Amended]

0
2. The FAA amends Sec.  39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness
directive (AD):

2017-06-12 Airbus: Amendment 39-18836; Docket No. FAA-2014-0922;
Directorate Identifier 2014-NM-156-AD.

(a) Effective Date

    This AD is effective May 2, 2017.

(b) Affected ADs

    None.

(c) Applicability

    This AD applies to the Airbus airplanes identified in paragraphs
(c)(1) and (c)(2) of this AD, certificated in any category, except
those on which Airbus modification (mod) 152637 has been embodied in
production.
    (1) Airbus Model A319-111, -112, -113, -114, -115, -131, -132,
and -133 airplanes, all manufacturer serial numbers (MSN).
    (2) Airbus Model A320-211, -212, -214, -231, -232, and -233
airplanes, all MSN.

(d) Subject

    Air Transport Association (ATA) of America Code 53, Fuselage.

(e) Reason

    This AD was prompted by a report that fatigue cracking could
appear at certain fastener locations in the longeron area below the
emergency exit cut-outs. We are issuing this AD to detect and
correct cracking at certain fastener locations in the longeron area
below the emergency exit cut-outs, which could lead to failure of
the fasteners and reduced structural integrity of the airplane.

(f) Compliance

    Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.

(g) Modification of Fastener Locations

    Before the accumulation of 48,000 total flight cycles or 96,000
total flight hours, whichever occurs first since the airplane's
first flight, modify the 8 fastener locations in the longeron area
(stringer 20A) below the emergency exit cut-outs on both right-hand
(RH) and left-hand (LH)- sides, in accordance with the
Accomplishment Instructions of Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-1265,
Revision 04, dated July 6, 2016.

(h) Credit for Previous Actions

    This paragraph provides credit for the actions required by
paragraph (g) of this AD, if those actions were performed before the
effective date of this AD using Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-
1265, dated January 2, 2013; Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-1265,
Revision 01, dated July 2, 2013; Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-
1265, Revision 02, dated July 10, 2014; or Airbus Service Bulletin
A320-53-1265, Revision 03, dated April 30, 2015.

(i) Other FAA AD Provisions

    The following provisions also apply to this AD:
    (1) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs): The Manager,
International Branch, ANM-116, Transport Airplane Directorate, FAA,
has the authority to approve AMOCs for this AD, if requested using
the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR
39.19, send your request to your principal inspector or local Flight
Standards District Office, as appropriate. If sending information
directly to the International Branch, send it to ATTN: Sanjay
Ralhan, Aerospace Engineer, International Branch, ANM-116, Transport
Airplane Directorate, FAA, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, WA 98057-
3356; telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax<PHONE_NUMBER>. Information may be
emailed to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Before using any
approved AMOC, notify your appropriate principal inspector, or
lacking a principal inspector, the manager of the local flight
standards district office/certificate holding district office. The
AMOC approval letter must specifically reference this AD.
    (2) Contacting the Manufacturer: For any requirement in this AD
to obtain corrective actions from a manufacturer, the action must be
accomplished using a method approved by the Manager, International
Branch, ANM-116, Transport Airplane Directorate, FAA; or the
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA); or Airbus's EASA Design
Organization Approval (DOA). If approved by the DOA, the approval
must include the DOA-authorized signature.
    (3) Required for Compliance (RC): If any service information
contains procedures or tests that are identified as RC, those
procedures and tests must be done to comply with this AD; any
procedures or tests that are not identified as RC are recommended.
Those procedures and tests that are not identified as RC may be
deviated from using accepted methods in accordance with the
operator's maintenance or inspection program without obtaining
approval of an AMOC, provided the procedures and tests identified as
RC can be done and the airplane can be put back in an airworthy
condition. Any substitutions or changes to procedures or tests
identified as RC require approval of an AMOC.

(j) Related Information

    (1) Refer to Mandatory Continuing Airworthiness Information
(MCAI) EASA Airworthiness Directive 2015-0085, dated May 13, 2015,
for related information. This MCAI may be found in the AD docket on
the Internet at http://www.regulations.gov by searching for and
locating Docket No. FAA-2014-0922.
    (2) Service information identified in this AD that is not
incorporated by reference is available at the addresses specified in
paragraphs (k)(3) and (k)(4) of this AD.

(k) Material Incorporated by Reference

    (1) The Director of the Federal Register approved the
incorporation by reference (IBR) of the service information listed
in this paragraph under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51.
    (2) You must use this service information as applicable to do
the actions required by this AD, unless this AD specifies otherwise.
    (i) Airbus Service Bulletin A320-53-1265, Revision 04, dated
July 6, 2016.
    (ii) Reserved.
    (3) For service information identified in this AD, contact
Airbus, Airworthiness Office--EIAS, 1 Rond Point Maurice Bellonte,
31707 Blagnac Cedex, France; telephone +33 5 61 93 36 96; fax +33 5
61 93 44 51; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Internet http://www.airbus.com.
    (4) You may view this service information at the FAA, Transport
Airplane Directorate, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, WA. For
information on the availability of this material at the FAA, call
425-227-1221.
    (5) You may view this service information that is incorporated
by reference at the National Archives and Records Administration
(NARA). For information on the availability of this material at
NARA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on March 16, 2017.
Dionne Palermo,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 2017-05766 Filed 3-27-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


[Federal Register: May 19, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 95)]
[Notices]
[Page 23469-23470]
[DOCID:fr19my09-101]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

[NHTSA Docket No. NHTSA-2009-0100]

Meeting Notice--Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency
Medical Services

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT.

ACTION: Meeting Notice--Federal Interagency Committee on Emergency
Medical Services.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: NHTSA announces a meeting of the Federal Interagency Committee
on Emergency Medical Services (FICEMS) to be held in Washington, DC
area. This notice announces the date, time and location of the meeting,
which will be open to the public.

DATES: The meeting will be held on June 3, 2009, from 2:30 p.m. to 5
p.m.

ADDRESSES: The meeting will be held at Crystal Gateway Marriott, 1700
Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Drew Dawson, Director, Office of
Emergency Medical Services, National

Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE.,
NTI-140, Washington, DC 20590, Telephone number<PHONE_NUMBER>; E-mail
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 10202 of the Safe, Accountable,
Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
(SAFETEA-LU), Public Law 109-59, provided that the FICEMS consist of
several officials from Federal agencies as well as a State emergency
medical services director appointed by the Secretary of Transportation.
SAFETEA-LU directed the Administrator of NHTSA, in cooperation with the
Administrator of the Health Resources and Services Administration of
the Department of Health and Human Services and the Director of the
Preparedness Division, Directorate of Emergency Preparedness and
Response of the Department of Homeland Security, to provide
administrative support to the Interagency Committee, including
scheduling meetings, setting agendas, keeping minutes and records, and
producing reports.
    This meeting of the FICEMS will focus on addressing the
requirements of SAFETEA-LU and the opportunities for collaboration
among the key Federal agencies involved in emergency medical services.
The agenda will include:

 Reports from National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
     [cir] Status Report on Helicopter Emergency Medical Services
     [cir] Mexican Hat, UT Crash and Recommendations to FICEMS
 FICEMS Letter re National Health Security Strategy
 Health Care Reform--EMS integration
 Coordination with Council on Emergency Medical Care
 Reports and updates from Technical Working Group committees
 Reports, updates, recommendations from FICEMS members
 Report from National EMS Advisory Council (NEMSAC)

    This meeting will be open to the public. Individuals wishing to
register must provide their name, affiliation, phone number, and e-mail
address to Drew Dawson by e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or by telephone
at<PHONE_NUMBER> no later than May 26th, 2009. Pre-registration is
necessary.
    Minutes of the FICEMS Meeting will be available to the public
online through the DOT Document Management System (DMS) at: http://
www.regulations.gov under the docket number listed at the beginning of
this notice.

    Issued on: May 14, 2009.
Jeffrey P. Michael,
Associate Administrator for Research & Program Development.
[FR Doc. E9-11656 Filed 5-18-09; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-59-P


[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 234 (Thursday, December 6, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 62952-62953]
[FR Doc No: 2018-26380]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

[Docket No. PHMSA-2018-0099]

Pipeline Safety: Request for Special Permit; Gulf South Pipeline
Company, LP

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA);
DOT.

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: PHMSA is publishing this notice to seek public comments on a
request for a special permit, seeking relief from compliance with
certain requirements in the federal pipeline safety regulations. At the
conclusion of the 30-day comment period, PHMSA will review the comments
received from this notice as part of its evaluation to grant or deny
the special permit request.

DATES: Submit any comments regarding this special permit request by
January 4, 2019.

ADDRESSES: Comments should reference the docket number for the specific
special permit request and may be submitted in the following ways:
     E-Gov website: http://www.Regulations.gov. This site
allows the public to enter comments on any Federal Register notice
issued by any agency.
     Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
     Mail: Docket Management System: U.S. Department of
Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery: Docket Management System: U.S. Department
of Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor,
Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590, between
9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    Instructions: You should identify the docket number for the special
permit request you are commenting on at the beginning of your comments.
If you submit your comments by mail, please submit two copies. To
receive confirmation that PHMSA has received your comments, please
include a self-addressed stamped postcard. Internet users may submit
comments at http://www.Regulations.gov.
    Note: Privacy Act Statement: There is a privacy statement published
at http://www.Regulations.gov. Comments, including any personal
information provided, are posted without changes or edits to http://www.Regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: General: Ms. Kay McIver by telephone
at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or email at [email protected].
    Technical: Mr. Steve Nanney by telephone at<PHONE_NUMBER>, or email
at [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: PHMSA received a special permit request from
Gulf South Pipeline Company, LP, (``GSPC'') to deviate from the
pipeline safety regulations in 49 CFR 192.611, for four segments
totaling 4.65 miles, of 30-inch diameter Index 130 pipeline, located in
Ascension and Livingston Parishes, Louisiana, where the class location
has changed from a Class 1 to Class 3 location. In lieu of pipe
replacement, GSPC seeks permission to perform alternative risk control
activities based on integrity management program principles and
requirements. Due to class location changes from a Class 1 to Class 3
in the 1990s, GSPC lowered the maximum allowable operating pressure as
required by Sec.  192.611, from 936 pounds per square inch gauge (psig)
to 780 psig. However, GSPC now seeks to uprate the line to restore the
previous MAOP, using Subpart K of Sec.  192.555.
    The special permit request provided by the operator includes a
draft environmental assessment, (EA), proposed special permit
conditions, and location map. These documents are filed at http://www.Regulations.gov, in Docket No. PHMSA-2018-0099. We invite
interested persons to participate by reviewing the special permit
documents and draft EA at http://www.Regulations.gov, and by submitting
written comments, data or other views. Please include any comments on
potential safety and environmental impacts that may result if the
special permit is granted.
    Before issuing a decision on the special permit request, PHMSA will
evaluate all comments received on or before the comment closing date.
Comments received after the comment closing date will be evaluated if
it is possible to do so without incurring additional expense or delay.
PHMSA will consider each relevant comment we receive in making our
decision to grant or deny a request.

    Issued in Washington, DC on November 29, 2018, under authority
delegated in 49 CFR 1.97.
Linda Daugherty,
Deputy Associate Administrator for Field Operations.
[FR Doc. 2018-26380 Filed 12-4-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-60-P