components separately before combining the results using the following
equation:

SG = SGgx volume fraction gasoline + SGmx volume
fraction methanol.

    (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation:

CWF= CWFgx MFg+ 0.375 x MFm

Where:

CWFg= Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend
per ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G x SGg)/(G x
SGg+ M x SGm)
MFm = Mass fraction methanol = (M x SGm)/(G x
SGg+ M x SGm)

Where:

G = Volume fraction gasoline.
M = Volume fraction methanol.
SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as measured by ASTM D
1298 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
SGm = Specific gravity of methanol as measured by ASTM D
1298 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).

    (B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to
measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the
manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as
accurate as those specified in this paragraph (f)(2)(ii).
    (3) Natural gas test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the
following fuel properties:
    (i) Fuel composition per ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by reference in
Sec.  600.011).
    (ii) Specific gravity (based on fuel composition per ASTM D 1945
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
    (iii) Carbon weight fraction based on the carbon contained only in
the HC constituents of the fuel = weight of carbon in HC constituents
divided by the total weight of fuel.
    (iv) Carbon weight fraction of fuel = total weight of carbon in the
fuel (i.e., includes carbon contained in HC and in CO2)
divided by total weight of fuel.
* * * * *

0
37. Section 600.113-12 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  600.113-12  Fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-
related exhaust emission calculations for FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and
cold temperature FTP tests.

    The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in
this paragraph for all official EPA testing of vehicles fueled with
gasoline, diesel, alcohol-based or natural gas fuel. The calculations
of the weighted fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission values
require input of the weighted grams/mile values for total hydrocarbons
(HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2); and,
additionally for methanol-fueled automobiles, methanol
(CH3OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO); and, additionally for
ethanol-fueled automobiles, methanol (CH3OH), ethanol
(C2H5OH), acetaldehyde
(C2H4O), and formaldehyde (HCHO); and
additionally for natural gas-fueled vehicles, non-methane hydrocarbons
(NMHC) and methane (CH4). For manufacturers selecting the
fleet averaging option for N2O and CH4 as allowed
under Sec.  86.1818 of this chapter the calculations of the carbon-
related exhaust emissions require the input of grams/mile values for
nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Emissions
shall be determined for the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and cold temperature
FTP tests. Additionally, the specific gravity, carbon weight fraction
and net heating value of the test fuel must be determined. The FTP,
HFET, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP fuel economy and carbon-
related exhaust emission values shall be calculated as specified in
this section. An example fuel economy calculation appears in Appendix
II of this part.
    (a) Calculate the FTP fuel economy as follows:
    (1) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the FTP test for
CO2, HC, and CO, and where applicable, CH3OH,
C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC,
N2O and CH4 as specified in Sec.  86.144-94(b) of
this chapter. Measure and record the test fuel's properties as
specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold
transient phase, stabilized phase and hot transient phase of the FTP
test. For vehicles with more than one source of propulsion energy, one
of which is a rechargeable energy storage system, or vehicles with
special features that the Administrator determines may have a
rechargeable energy source, whose charge can vary during the test,
calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold transient
phase, stabilized phase, hot transient phase and hot stabilized phase
of the FTP test.
    (b) Calculate the HFET fuel economy as follows:
    (1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test for
HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable, CH3OH,
C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC,
N2O and CH4 as specified in Sec.  86.144-94(b) of
this chapter. Measure and record the test fuel's properties as
specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
    (2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway fuel economy
test for HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable
CH3OH, C2H5OH,
C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, N2O and
CH4 by dividing the mass values obtained in paragraph (b)(1)
of this section, by the actual driving distance, measured in miles, as
specified in Sec.  86.135 of this chapter.
    (c) Calculate the cold temperature FTP fuel economy as follows:
    (1) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the cold
temperature FTP test

for HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable, CH3OH,
C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC,
N2O and CH4 as specified in Sec.  86.144-94(b) of
this chapter. For 2008 through 2010 diesel-fueled vehicles, HC
measurement is optional.
    (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold
transient phase, stabilized phase and hot transient phase of the cold
temperature FTP test in Sec.  86.244 of this chapter.
    (3) Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (d) Calculate the US06 fuel economy as follows:
    (1) Calculate the total grams/mile values for the US06 test for HC,
CO and CO2, and where applicable, CH3OH,
C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC,
N2O and CH4 as specified in Sec.  86.144-94(b) of
this chapter.
    (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for HC, CO and
CO2, and where applicable, CH3OH,
C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC,
N2O and CH4, for both the US06 City phase and the
US06 Highway phase of the US06 test as specified in Sec.  86.164 of
this chapter. In lieu of directly measuring the emissions of the
separate city and highway phases of the US06 test according to the
provisions of Sec.  86.159 of this chapter, the manufacturer may, with
the advance approval of the Administrator and using good engineering
judgment, optionally analytically determine the grams/mile values for
the city and highway phases of the US06 test. To analytically determine
US06 City and US06 Highway phase emission results, the manufacturer
shall multiply the US06 total grams/mile values determined in paragraph
(d)(1) of this section by the estimated proportion of fuel use for the
city and highway phases relative to the total US06 fuel use. The
manufacturer may estimate the proportion of fuel use for the US06 City
and US06 Highway phases by using modal CO2, HC, and CO
emissions data, or by using appropriate OBD data (e.g., fuel flow rate
in grams of fuel per second), or another method approved by the
Administrator.
    (3) Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (e) Calculate the SC03 fuel economy as follows:
    (1) Calculate the grams/mile values for the SC03 test for HC, CO
and CO2, and where applicable, CH3OH,
C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC,
N2O and CH4 as specified in Sec.  86.144-94(b) of
this chapter.
    (2) Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in
paragraph (f) of this section.
    (f) Analyze and determine fuel properties as follows:
    (1) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis
of a fuel sample taken from the fuel supply. A sample shall be taken
after each addition of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Additionally, the
fuel shall be resampled once a month to account for any fuel property
changes during storage. Less frequent resampling may be permitted if
EPA concludes, on the basis of manufacturer-supplied data, that the
properties of test fuel in the manufacturer's storage facility will
remain stable for a period longer than one month. The fuel samples
shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties:
    (i) Specific gravity measured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by
reference in Sec.  600.011).
    (ii) Carbon weight fraction measured using ASTM D 3343
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
    (iii) Net heating value (Btu/lb) determined using ASTM D 3338/D
3338M (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
    (2) Methanol test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following
fuel properties:
    (i) Specific gravity using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference
in Sec.  600.011). You may determine specific gravity for the blend, or
you may determine specific gravity for the gasoline and methanol fuel
components separately before combining the results using the following
equation:

SG = SGg x volume fraction gasoline + SGm x volume fraction methanol.

    (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation:

CWF = CWFg x MFg+ 0.375 x MFm

Where:

CWFg = Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend measured
using ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G x SGg)/(G x SGg + M x SGm)
MFm = Mass fraction methanol = (M x SGm)/(G x SGg + M x SGm)

Where:

G = Volume fraction gasoline.
M = Volume fraction methanol.
SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as measured using ASTM D 1298
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
SGm = Specific gravity of methanol as measured using ASTM D 1298
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).

    (B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to
measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the
manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as
accurate as those specified in this paragraph (f)(2)(ii).
    (3) Natural gas test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the
following fuel properties:
    (i) Fuel composition measured using ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by
reference in Sec.  600.011).
    (ii) Specific gravity measured as based on fuel composition per
ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
    (iii) Carbon weight fraction, based on the carbon contained only in
the hydrocarbon constituents of the fuel. This equals the weight of
carbon in the hydrocarbon constituents divided by the total weight of
fuel.
    (iv) Carbon weight fraction of the fuel, which equals the total
weight of carbon in the fuel (i.e., includes carbon contained in
hydrocarbons and in CO2) divided by the total weight of
fuel.
    (4) Ethanol test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following
fuel properties:
    (i) Specific gravity using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference
in Sec.  600.011). You may determine specific gravity for the blend, or
you may determine specific gravity for the gasoline and methanol fuel
components separately before combining the results using the following
equation:

SG = SGg x volume fraction gasoline + SGe x volume fraction ethanol.

    (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation:

CWF = CWFg x MFg + 0.521 x MFe

Where:

CWFg = Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend measured
using ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G x SGg)/(G x SGg + E x SGe)
MFe = Mass fraction ethanol = (E x SGe)/(G x SGg + E x SGe)

Where:

G = Volume fraction gasoline.
E = Volume fraction ethanol.
SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as measured using ASTM D 1298
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).
SGe = Specific gravity of ethanol as measured using ASTM D 1298
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011).

    (B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to
measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the
manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as
accurate as those specified in this paragraph (f)(4)(ii).

    (g) Calculate separate FTP, highway, US06, SC03 and Cold
temperature FTP fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions from
the grams/mile values for total HC, CO, CO2 and, where
applicable, CH3OH, C2H5OH,
C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, N2O, and
CH4, and the test fuel's specific gravity, carbon weight
fraction, net heating value, and additionally for natural gas, the test
fuel's composition.
    (1) Emission values for fuel economy calculations. The emission
values (obtained per paragraph (a) through (e) of this section, as
applicable) used in the calculations of fuel economy in this section
shall be rounded in accordance with Sec.  86.1837 of this chapter. The
CO2 values (obtained per this section, as applicable) used
in each calculation of fuel economy in this section shall be rounded to
the nearest gram/mile.
    (2) Emission values for carbon-related exhaust emission
calculations. (i) If the emission values (obtained per paragraph (a)
through (e) of this section, as applicable) were obtained from testing
with aged exhaust emission control components as allowed under Sec.
86.1823 of this chapter, then these test values shall be used in the
calculations of carbon-related exhaust emissions in this section.
    (ii) If the emission values (obtained per paragraph (a) through (e)
of this section, as applicable) were not obtained from testing with
aged exhaust emission control components as allowed under Sec.  86.1823
of this chapter, then these test values shall be adjusted by the
appropriate deterioration factor determined according to Sec.  86.1823
of this chapter before being used in the calculations of carbon-related
exhaust emissions in this section. For vehicles within a test group,
the appropriate NMOG deterioration factor may be used in lieu of the
deterioration factors for CH3OH,
C2H5OH, and/or C2H4O
emissions.
    (iii) The emission values determined in paragraph (g)(2)(i) or (ii)
of this section shall be rounded in accordance with Sec.  86.1837 of
this chapter. The CO2 values (obtained per this section, as
applicable) used in each calculation of carbon-related exhaust
emissions in this section shall be rounded to the nearest gram/mile.
    (iv) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option
for N2O and CH4 as allowed under Sec.  86.1818 of
this chapter, N2O and CH4 emission values for use
in the calculation of carbon-related exhaust emissions in this section
shall be the values determined according to paragraph (g)(2)(iv)(A),
(B), or (C) of this section.
    (A) The FTP and HFET test values as determined for the emission
data vehicle according to the provisions of Sec.  86.1835 of this
chapter. These values shall apply to all vehicles tested under this
section that are included in the test group represented by the emission
data vehicle and shall be adjusted by the appropriate deterioration
factor determined according to Sec.  86.1823 of this chapter before
being used in the calculations of carbon-related exhaust emissions in
this section, except that in-use test data shall not be adjusted by a
deterioration factor.
    (B) The FTP and HFET test values as determined according to testing
conducted under the provisions of this subpart. These values shall be
adjusted by the appropriate deterioration factor determined according
to Sec.  86.1823 of this chapter before being used in the calculations
of carbon-related exhaust emissions in this section, except that in-use
test data shall not be adjusted by a deterioration factor.
    (C) For the 2012 through 2014 model years only, manufacturers may
use an assigned value of 0.010 g/mi for N2O FTP and HFET
test values. This value is not required to be adjusted by a
deterioration factor.
    (3) The specific gravity and the carbon weight fraction (obtained
per paragraph (f) of this section) shall be recorded using three places
to the right of the decimal point. The net heating value (obtained per
paragraph (f) of this section) shall be recorded to the nearest whole
Btu/lb.
    (4) For the purpose of determining the applicable in-use
CO2 exhaust emission standard under Sec.  86.1818 of this
chapter, the combined city/highway carbon-related exhaust emission
value for a vehicle subconfiguration is calculated by arithmetically
averaging the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway carbon-related
exhaust emission values, as determined in paragraphs (h) through (n) of
this section for the subconfiguration, weighted 0.55 and 0.45
respectively, and rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile.
    (h)(1) For gasoline-fueled automobiles tested on a test fuel
specified in Sec.  86.113 of this chapter, the fuel economy in miles
per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation and rounded
to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon:

mpg = (5174 x 10\4\ x CWF x SG)/[((CWF x HC) + (0.429 x CO) + (0.273 x
CO2)) x ((0.6 x SG x NHV) + 5471)]

Where:

HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section.
CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph
(f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of
this section.
NHV = Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in
paragraph (f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph
(g)(3) of this section.
SG = Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (f)(1)
of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this
section.

    (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year gasoline-fueled automobiles
tested on a test fuel specified in Sec.  86.113 of this chapter, the
carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to be calculated
using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1 gram per
mile:

CREE = (CWF/0.273xHC) + (1.571xCO) + CO2

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emissions as defined in Sec.
600.002.
HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph
(f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of
this section.

    (ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option
for N2O and CH4 as allowed under Sec.  86.1818 of
this chapter, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
for 2012 and later model year gasoline-fueled automobiles tested on a
test fuel specified in Sec.  86.113 of this chapter is to be calculated
using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1 gram per
mile:

CREE = [(CWF/0.273) x NMHC] + (1.571 x CO) + CO2 + (298 x
N2O) + (25 x CH4)

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emissions as defined in Sec.
600.002.
NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph
(f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of
this section.

    (i)(1) For diesel-fueled automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in
miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three
terms and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon:
    (i)(A) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in
paragraph (g)(1) of this section), or
    (B) Zero, in the case of cold FTP diesel tests for which HC was not
collected, as permitted in Sec.  600.113-08(c);
    (ii) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section); and
    (iii) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/mile as obtained
in paragraph (g)(1) of this section).
    (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year diesel-fueled automobiles, the
carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to be calculated
using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1 gram per
mile:

CREE = (3.172 x HC) + (1.571 x CO) + CO2

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emissions as defined in Sec.
600.002.
HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.

    (ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option
for N2O and CH4 as allowed under Sec.  86.1818 of
this chapter, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
for 2012 and later model year diesel-fueled automobiles is to be
calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1
gram per mile:

CREE = (3.172 x NMHC) + (1.571 x CO) + CO2 + (298 x
N2O) + (25 x CH4)

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emissions as defined in Sec.
600.002.
NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.

    (j)(1) For methanol-fueled automobiles and automobiles designed to
operate on mixtures of gasoline and methanol, the fuel economy in miles
per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:

mpg = (CWF x SG x 3781.8)/((CWFexHC x HC) + (0.429 x CO) +
(0.273 x CO2) + (0.375 x CH3OH) + (0.400 x HCHO))

Where:

CWF = Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as determined in paragraph
(f)(2)(ii) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3)
of this section.
SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph
(f)(2)(i) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3)
of this section.
CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons
= CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and
rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section (for M100
fuel, CWFexHC= 0.866).
HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section.
CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as
obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section.

    (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year methanol-fueled automobiles
and automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and
methanol, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to
be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1
gram per mile:

CREE = (CWFexHC/0.273 x HC) + (1.571 x CO) + (1.374 x
CH3OH) + (1.466 x HCHO) + CO2

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002.
CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons
= CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and
rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section (for M100
fuel, CWFexHC= 0.866).
HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as
obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.

    (ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option
for N2O and CH4 as allowed under Sec.  86.1818 of
this chapter, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
for 2012 and later model year methanol-fueled automobiles and
automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and methanol is
to be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the
nearest 1 gram per mile:

CREE = [(CWFexHC/0.273) x NMHC] + (1.571 x CO) + (1.374 x
CH3OH) + (1.466 x HCHO) + CO2 + (298 x
N2O) + (25 x CH4)

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002.
CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons
= CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and
rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section (for M100
fuel, CWFexHC = 0.866).
NMHC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as
obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.

    (k)(1) For automobiles fueled with natural gas, the fuel economy in
miles per gallon of natural gas is to be calculated using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.013

Where:

mpge = miles per gasoline gallon equivalent of natural
gas.
    CWFHC/NG = carbon weight fraction based on the
hydrocarbon constituents in the natural gas fuel as obtained in
paragraph (f)(3) of this section and rounded according to paragraph
(g)(3) of this section.
DNG = density of the natural gas fuel [grams/ft\3\ at 68
[deg]F (20 [deg]C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa)] pressure as obtained
in paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
CH4, NMHC, CO, and CO2 = weighted mass exhaust
emissions [grams/mile] for methane, non-methane HC, carbon

monoxide, and carbon dioxide as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
CWFNMHC = carbon weight fraction of the non-methane HC
constituents in the fuel as determined from the speciated fuel
composition per paragraph (f)(3) of this section and rounded
according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section.
CO2NG = grams of carbon dioxide in the natural gas fuel
consumed per mile of travel.
CO2NG = FCNG x DNG x WFCO2

Where:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.014

= cubic feet of natural gas fuel consumed per mile
Where:

CWFNG = the carbon weight fraction of the natural gas
fuel as calculated in paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
WFCO2 = weight fraction carbon dioxide of the natural gas
fuel calculated using the mole fractions and molecular weights of
the natural gas fuel constituents per ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by
reference in Sec.  600.011).

    (2)(i) For automobiles fueled with natural gas, the carbon-related
exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to be calculated for 2012 and
later model year vehicles using the following equation and rounded to
the nearest 1 gram per mile:

CREE = 2.743 x CH4 + CWFNMHC/0.273 x NMHC + 1.571
x CO + CO2

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002.
CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CWFNMHC = carbon weight fraction of the non-methane HC
constituents in the fuel as determined from the speciated fuel
composition per paragraph (f)(3) of this section and rounded
according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section.

    (ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option
for N2O and CH4 as allowed under Sec.  86.1818 of
this chapter, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
for 2012 and later model year automobiles fueled with natural gas is to
be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1
gram per mile:

CREE = (25 x CH4)+ [(CWFNMHC/0.273) x NMHC] +
(1.571 x CO) + CO2 + (298 x N2O)

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002.
CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CWFNMHC = carbon weight fraction of the non-methane HC
constituents in the fuel as determined from the speciated fuel
composition per paragraph (f)(3) of this section and rounded
according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.

    (l)(1) For ethanol-fueled automobiles and automobiles designed to
operate on mixtures of gasoline and ethanol, the fuel economy in miles
per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation:

mpg = (CWF x SG x 3781.8)/((CWFexHC x HC) + (0.429 x CO) +
(0.273 x CO2) + (0.375 x CH3OH) + (0.400 x HCHO)
+ (0.521 x C2H5OH) + (0.545 x
C2H4O))

Where:

CWF = Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as determined in paragraph
(f)(4) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of
this section.
SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph (f)(4)
of this section and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of this
section.
CWFexHC= Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons =
CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and rounded
according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section.
CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as
obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section.
C2H5OH = Grams/mile
C2H5OH (ethanol) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(1) of this section.
C2H4O = Grams/mile C2H4O
(acetaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.

    (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year ethanol-fueled automobiles and
automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and ethanol,
the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to be
calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 1
gram per mile:

CREE = (CWFexHC/0.273 x HC) + (1.571 x CO) + (1.374 x
CH3OH) + (1.466 x HCHO) + (1.911 x
C2H5OH) + (1.998 x C2H4O) +
CO2Where:
CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002.
CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons
= CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and rounded
according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as
obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
C2H5OH = Grams/mile
C2H5OH (ethanol) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
C2H4O = Grams/mile C2H4O
(acetaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.

    (ii) For manufacturers complying with the fleet averaging option
for N2O and CH4 as allowed under Sec.  86.1818 of
this chapter, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
for 2012 and later model year ethanol-fueled automobiles and
automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and ethanol is
to be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the
nearest 1 gram per mile:

CREE = [(CWFexHC/0.273) x NMHC] + (1.571 x CO) + (1.374 x
CH3OH) + (1.466 x HCHO) + (1.911 x
C2H5OH) + (1.998 x C2H4O) +
CO2 + (298 x N2O) + (25 x CH4)

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002.
CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons
= CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and rounded
according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section.
NMHC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this
section.

CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as
obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
C2H5OH = Grams/mile
C2H5OH (ethanol) as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
C2H4O = Grams/mile C2H4O
(acetaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section.
N2O= Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.
CH4= Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph
(g)(2) of this section.

    (m) Manufacturers shall determine CO2 emissions and
carbon-related exhaust emissions for electric vehicles, fuel cell
vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles according to the
provisions of this paragraph (m). Subject to the limitations on the
number of vehicles produced and delivered for sale as described in
Sec.  86.1866 of this chapter, the manufacturer may be allowed to use a
value of 0 grams/mile to represent the emissions of fuel cell vehicles
and the proportion of electric operation of a electric vehicles and
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles that is derived from electricity that
is generated from sources that are not onboard the vehicle, as
described in paragraphs (m)(1) through (3) of this section. For
purposes of labeling under this part, the CO2 emissions for
electric vehicles shall be 0 grams per mile. Similarly, the
CO2 emissions for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles shall be
0 grams per mile for the proportion of electric operation that is
derived from electricity that is generated from sources that are not
onboard the vehicle.
    (1) For 2012 and later model year electric vehicles, but not
including fuel cell vehicles, the carbon-related exhaust emissions in
grams per mile is to be calculated using the following equation and
rounded to the nearest one gram per mile:

CREE = CREEUP-CREEGAS

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002, which may be set equal to zero for eligible 2012
through 2016 model year electric vehicles for a certain number of
vehicles produced and delivered for sale as described in Sec.
86.1866-12(a) of this chapter.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.015

 , andWhere:

EC = The vehicle energy consumption in watt-hours per mile,
determined according to procedures established by the Administrator
under Sec.  600.111-08(f).
GRIDLOSS = 0.93 (to account for grid transmission losses).
AVGUSUP = 0.642 (the nationwide average electricity greenhouse gas
emission rate at the powerplant, in grams per watt-hour).
TargetCO2 = The CO2 Target Value determined
according to Sec.  86.1818 of this chapter for passenger automobiles
and light trucks, respectively.

(2) For 2012 and later model year plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the
carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile is to be calculated
using the following equation and rounded to the nearest one gram per
mile:

CREE = (ECF x CREECD) + [(1-ECF) x CREECS],

Where:

CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in
Sec.  600.002;
CREECS = The carbon-related exhaust emissions determined
for charge-sustaining operation according to procedures established
by the Administrator under Sec.  600.116; and
CREECD = CREECDEC + CREECDGAS

Where:

CREECDEC = The carbon-related exhaust emissions
determined for electricity consumption during charge-depleting
operation determined according to paragraph (m)(1) of this section;
and
CREECDGAS = The carbon-related exhaust emissions
determined for charge-depleting operation determined according to
the provisions of this section for the applicable fuel according to
procedures established by the Administrator under Sec.  600.116; and
ECF = Electricity consumption factor as determined by the
Administrator.

    (3) For 2012 and later model year fuel cell vehicles, the
carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile shall be
calculated using the method specified in paragraph (m)(1) of this
section, except that CREEUP shall be determined according
to procedures established by the Administrator under Sec.  600.111-
08(f). As described in Sec.  86.1866 of this chapter the value of
CREE may be set equal to zero for a certain number of 2012 through
2016 model year fuel cell vehicles.

    (n) Equations for fuels other than those specified in paragraphs
(h) through (l) of this section may be used with advance EPA approval.
Alternate calculation methods for fuel economy and carbon-related
exhaust emissions may be used in lieu of the methods described in this
section if shown to yield equivalent or superior results and if
approved in advance by the Administrator.

0
38. Section 600.114-12 is added to read as follows:

Sec.  600.114-12  Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and carbon-
related exhaust emission calculations.

    Paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section apply to data used for
fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part. Paragraphs (d)
through (f) of this section are used to calculate 5-cycle carbon-
related exhaust emission values for the purpose of determining optional
credits for CO2-reducing technologies under Sec.  86.1866 of
this chapter and to calculate 5-cycle CO2 values for the
purpose of fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part.
    (a) City fuel economy. For each vehicle tested under Sec.  600.010-
08(a), (b), or (c), as applicable, determine the 5-cycle city fuel
economy using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.016

    (2) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (a) are defined
as follows:

Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel
during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature X of
75 [deg]F or 20 [deg]F.
SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test.
US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the ``city''
portion of the US06 test.

    (b) Highway fuel economy. (1) For each vehicle tested under Sec.
600.010-08(a), (b), or (c), as applicable, determine the 5-cycle
highway fuel economy using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.017

    (2) If the condition specified in Sec.  600.115-08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is
met, in lieu of using the calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this
section, the manufacturer may optionally determine the highway fuel
economy using the following modified 5-cycle equation which utilizes
data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests, and applies mathematic

adjustments for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions:
    (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to the FTP and HFET tests.
    (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy according to the
following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.018

    (3) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (b) are defined
as follows:

Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel
during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature X of
75 [deg]F or 20 [deg]F.
HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test.
SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test.
US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the highway
portion of the US06 test.
US06 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over US06 test.

    (c) Fuel economy calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. Under
the requirements of Sec.  86.1811, hybrid electric vehicles are subject
to California test methods which require FTP emission sampling for the
75 [deg]F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start,
transient, warm-start, transient). Optionally, these four phases may be
combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Calculations
for these sampling methods follow.
    (1) Four-bag FTP equations. If the 4-bag sampling method is used,
manufacturers may use the equations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section to determine city and highway fuel economy estimates. If this
method is chosen, it must be used to determine both city and highway
fuel economy. Optionally, the following calculations may be used,
provided that they are used to determine both city and highway fuel
economy:
    (i) City fuel economy.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.019

    (ii) Highway fuel economy.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.020

    (2) Two-bag FTP equations. If the 2-bag sampling method is used for
the 75 [deg]F FTP test, it must be used to determine both city and
highway fuel economy. The following calculations must be used to
determine both city and highway fuel economy:
    (i) City fuel economy.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.021

    (ii) Highway fuel economy.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.022

    (3) For hybrid electric vehicles using the modified 5-cycle highway
calculation in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the equation in
paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section applies except that the
equation for Start Fuel75 will be replaced with one of the
following:
    (i) The equation for Start Fuel75 for hybrids tested
according to the 4-bag FTP is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.023

    (ii) The equation for Start Fuel75 for hybrids tested
according to the 2-bag FTP is:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.024

    (4) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (b) are defined
as follows:

Bag X/Y FE75 = fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel
during combined phases X and Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient
temperature of 75 [deg]F.
Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel
during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient temperature X of
75 [deg]F or 20 [deg]F.
HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test.
SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test.
US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the city portion
of the US06 test.
US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the highway
portion of the US06 test.

    (d) City CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. For
each vehicle tested, determine the 5-cycle city CO2
emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions using the following
equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.025

    (2) To determine the City CO2 emissions, use the
appropriate CO2 grams/mile values instead of CREE values in
the equations in this paragraph (d).
    (3) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (d) are defined
as follows:

Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams
per mile during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient
temperature X of 75 [deg]F or 20 [deg]F.
US06 City CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
over the city portion of the US06 test.
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the
SC03 test.

    (e) Highway CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. (1)
For each vehicle tested, determine the 5-cycle highway carbon-related
exhaust emissions using the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.026

    (2) If the condition specified in Sec.  600.115-08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is
met, in lieu of using the calculation in paragraph (e)(1) of this
section, the manufacturer may optionally determine the highway carbon-
related exhaust emissions using the following modified 5-cycle equation
which utilizes data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests, and applies
mathematic adjustments for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions:
    (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to the FTP and HFET tests.
    (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway carbon-related exhaust emissions
according to the following formula:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.027

    (3) To determine the Highway CO2 emissions, use the
appropriate CO2 grams/mile values instead of CREE values in
the equations in this paragraph (e).
    (4) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (e) are defined
as follows:

A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 for diesel-fueled
vehicles, or an appropriate value specified by the Administrator for
other fuels.
Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams
per mile during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient
temperature X of 75 [deg]F or 20 [deg]F.
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
over the highway portion of the US06 test.
US06 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the
US06 test.
HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the
HFET test.

SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the
SC03 test.

    (f) CO2 and carbon-related exhaust emissions calculations for
hybrid electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles shall be tested
according to California test methods which require FTP emission
sampling for the 75 [deg]F FTP test over four phases (bags) of the UDDS
(cold-start, transient, warm-start, transient). Optionally, these four
phases may be combined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4).
Calculations for these sampling methods follow.
    (1) Four-bag FTP equations. If the 4-bag sampling method is used,
manufacturers may use the equations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
section to determine city and highway CO2 and carbon-related
exhaust emissions values. If this method is chosen, it must be used to
determine both city and highway CO2 emissions and carbon-
related exhaust emissions. Optionally, the following calculations may
be used, provided that they are used to determine both city and highway
CO2 and carbon-related exhaust emissions values:
    (i) City CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.028

    (ii) Highway CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.030

    (2) Two-bag FTP equations. If the 2-bag sampling method is used for
the 75 [deg]F FTP test, it must be used to determine both city and
highway CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions.
The following calculations must be used to determine both city and
highway CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions:
    (i) City CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions.
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.031

    (ii) Highway CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.032

    (3) For hybrid electric vehicles using the modified 5-cycle highway
calculation in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, the equation in
paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(A) of this section applies except that the
equation for Start CREE75 will be replaced with one of the
following:
    (i) The equation for Start CREE75 for hybrids tested
according to the 4-bag FTP is:

Start CREE75= 3.6 x (Bag 1 CREE75 - Bag 3
CREE75 + 3.9 x (Bag 2 CREE75 - Bag 4
CREE75)

    (ii) The equation for Start CREE75 for hybrids tested
according to the 2-bag FTP is:

Start CREE75= 7.5 x (Bag \1/2\ CREE75 - Bag \3/4\
CREE75)

    (4) To determine the City and Highway CO2 emissions, use
the appropriate CO2 grams/mile values instead of CREE values
in the equations in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (5) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (e) are defined
as follows:

Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams
per mile during bag Y of the FTP test conducted at an ambient
temperature X of 75 [deg]F or 20 [deg]F.US06 City CREE = carbon-related
exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the City portion of the US06
test.
SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the
SC03 test.
US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile
over the Highway portion of the US06 test.
HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the
HFET test.
Bag X/Y CREE75 = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams
per mile of fuel during combined phases X and Y of the FTP test
conducted at an ambient temperature of 75 [deg]F.

Sec.  600.115-08  [Redesignated as Sec.  600.115-11]

0
39. Section 600.115-08 is redesignated as Sec.  600.115-11 and is
revised to read as follows:

Sec.  600.115-11  Criteria for determining the fuel economy label
calculation method.

    This section provides the criteria to determine if the derived 5-
cycle method for determining fuel economy label values, as specified in
Sec.  600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(2) or (b)(2),
as applicable, may be used to determine label values. Separate criteria
apply to city and highway fuel economy for each test group. The
provisions of this section are optional. If this option is not chosen,
or if the criteria provided in this section are not met, fuel economy
label values must be determined according to the vehicle-specific 5-
cycle method specified in Sec.  600.210-08(a)(1) or (b)(1) or Sec.
600.210-12(a)(1) or (b)(1), as applicable. However, dedicated
alternative-fuel vehicles, dual fuel vehicles when operating on the
alternative fuel, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, MDPVs, and vehicles
imported by Independent Commercial Importers may use the derived 5-
cycle method for determining fuel economy label values whether or not
the criteria provided in this section are met.
    (a) City fuel economy criterion. (1) For each test group certified
for emission compliance under Sec.  86.1848 of this chapter, the FTP,
HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests determined to be official under
Sec.  86.1835 of this chapter are used to calculate the vehicle-
specific 5-cycle city fuel economy which is then compared to the
derived 5-cycle city fuel economy, as follows:
    (i) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy from the
official FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests for the test group is
determined according to the provisions of Sec.  600.114-08(a) or (c) or
Sec.  600.114-12(a) or (c) and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a
mile per gallon.
    (ii) Using the same FTP data as used in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this
section, the corresponding derived 5-cycle city fuel economy is
calculated according to the following equation:

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.033

Where:

City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator. See
Sec.  600.210-08(a)(2)(iii) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(2)(iii).
City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator. See Sec.
600.210-08(a)(2)(iii) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(2)(ii).
FTP FE = the FTP-based city fuel economy from the official test used
for certification compliance, determined under Sec.  600.113-08(a),
rounded to the nearest tenth.

    (2) The derived 5-cycle fuel economy value determined in paragraph
(a)(1)(ii) of this section is multiplied by 0.96 and rounded to the
nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon.
    (3) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy determined in
paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section is greater than or equal to the
value determined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, then the
manufacturer may base the city fuel economy estimates for the model
types covered by the test group on the derived 5-cycle method specified
in Sec.  600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(2) or
(b)(2), as applicable.
    (b) Highway fuel economy criterion. The determination for highway
fuel economy depends upon the outcome of the determination for city
fuel economy in paragraph (a)(3) of this section for each test group.
    (1) If the city determination for a test group made in paragraph
(a)(3) of this section does not allow the use of the derived 5-cycle
method, then the highway fuel economy values for all model types
represented by the test group are likewise not allowed to be determined
using the derived 5-cycle method, and must be determined according to
the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method specified in Sec.  600.210-08(a)(1)
or (b)(1) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(1) or (b)(1), as applicable.
    (2) If the city determination made in paragraph (a)(3) of this
section allows the use of the derived 5-cycle method, a separate
determination is made for the highway fuel economy labeling method as
follows:
    (i) For each test group certified for emission compliance under
Sec.  86.1848 of this chapter, the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP
tests determined to be official under Sec.  86.1835 of this chapter are
used to calculate the vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy,
which is then compared to the derived 5-cycle highway fuel economy, as
follows:
    (A) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy from the
official FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests for the test group is
determined according to the provisions of Sec.  600.114-08(b)(1) or
Sec.  600.114-12(b)(1) and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile
per gallon.
    (B) Using the same HFET data as used in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of
this section, the corresponding derived 5-cycle highway fuel economy is
calculated using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.034

Where:
Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator. See
Sec.  600.210-08(a)(2)(iii) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(2)(iii).
Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator. See Sec.
600.210-08(a)(2)(iii) or Sec.  600.210-12(a)(2)(iii).
HFET FE = the HFET-based highway fuel economy determined under Sec.
600.113-08(b), rounded to the nearest tenth.

    (ii) The derived 5-cycle highway fuel economy calculated in
paragraph (b)(2)(i)(B) of this section is multiplied by 0.95 and
rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon.
    (iii) (A) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy of
the vehicle tested in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section is greater
than or equal to the value determined in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this
section, then the manufacturer may base the highway fuel economy
estimates for the model types covered by the test group on the derived
5-cycle method specified in Sec.  600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or Sec.
600.210-12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable.
    (B) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy determined
in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section is less than the value
determined in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the manufacturer
may determine the highway fuel economy for the model types covered by
the test group on the modified 5-cycle equation specified in Sec.
600.114-08(b)(2) or Sec.  600.114-12(b)(2).
    (c) The manufacturer will apply the criteria in paragraph (a) and
(b) of this section to every test group for each model year.
    (d) The tests used to make the evaluations in paragraphs (a) and
(b) of this section will be the procedures for official test
determinations under Sec.  86.1835. Adjustments and/or substitutions to
the official test data may be made with advance approval of the
Administrator.

0
40. Section 600.116-12 is added to subpart B to read as follows:

Sec.  600.116-12  Special procedures related to electric vehicles and
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

    (a) Determine fuel economy label values for electric vehicles as
specified in Sec. Sec.  600.210 and 600.311 using the procedures of SAE
J1634 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011), with the following
clarifications and modifications:
    (1) Use one of the following approaches to define end-of-test
criteria for vehicles whose maximum speed is less than the maximum
speed specified in the driving schedule, where the vehicle's maximum
speed is determined, to the nearest 0.1 mph, from observing the highest
speed over the first duty cycle (FTP, HFET, etc.):
    (i) If the vehicle can follow the driving schedule within the speed
tolerances specified in Sec.  86.115 of this chapter up to its maximum
speed, the end-of-test criterion is based on the point at which the
vehicle can no longer meet the specified speed tolerances up to and
including its maximum speed.
    (ii) If the vehicle cannot follow the driving schedule within the
speed tolerances specified in Sec.  86.115 of this chapter up to its
maximum speed, the end-of-test criterion is based on the following
procedure:
    (A) Measure and record the vehicle's speed (to the nearest 0.1 mph)
while making a best effort to follow the specified driving schedule.

    (B) This recorded sequence of driving speeds becomes the driving
schedule for the test vehicle. Apply the end-of-test criterion based on
the point at which the vehicle can no longer meet the specified speed
tolerances over this new driving schedule. The driving to establish the
new driving schedule may be done separately, or as part of the
measurement procedure.
    (2) Soak time between repeat duty cycles (four-bag FTP, HFET, etc.)
may be up to 30 minutes. No recharging may occur during the soak time.
    (3) Recharging the vehicle's battery must start within three hours
after the end of testing.
    (4) Do not apply the C coefficient adjustment specified in Section
4.4.2.
    (5) We may approve alternate measurement procedures with respect to
electric vehicles if they are necessary or appropriate for meeting the
objectives of this part.
    (b) Determine performance values for plug-in hybrid electric
vehicles as specified in Sec. Sec.  600.210 and 600.311 using the
procedures of SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011),
with the following clarifications and modifications:
    (1) To determine fuel economy and CREE values to demonstrate
compliance with CAFE and GHG standards, calculate composite values
representing combined operation during charge-deplete and charge-
sustain operation using the following utility factors except as
specified in this paragraph (b):

 Table 1 of Sec.   600.116-12--Fleet Utility Factors for Urban ``City''
                                 Driving
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Cumulative   Sequential
     Schedule range for UDDS phases, miles           UF           UF
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.59..........................................        0.125        0.125
7.45..........................................        0.243        0.117
11.04.........................................        0.338        0.095
14.90.........................................        0.426        0.088
18.49.........................................        0.497        0.071
22.35.........................................        0.563        0.066
25.94.........................................        0.616        0.053
29.80.........................................        0.666        0.049
33.39.........................................        0.705        0.040
37.25.........................................        0.742        0.037
40.84.........................................        0.772        0.030
44.70.........................................        0.800        0.028
48.29.........................................        0.822        0.022
52.15.........................................        0.843        0.021
55.74.........................................        0.859        0.017
59.60.........................................        0.875        0.016
63.19.........................................        0.888        0.013
67.05.........................................        0.900        0.012
70.64.........................................        0.909        0.010
------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Table 2 of Sec.   600.116-12--Fleet Utility Factors for Highway Driving
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                 Cumulative   Sequential
        Schedule range for HFET, miles               UF           UF
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.3..........................................        0.123        0.123
20.6..........................................        0.240        0.117
30.9..........................................        0.345        0.105
41.2..........................................        0.437        0.092
51.5..........................................        0.516        0.079
61.8..........................................        0.583        0.067
72.1..........................................        0.639        0.056
------------------------------------------------------------------------

     (2) To determine fuel economy and CO2 emission values
for labeling purposes, calculate composite values representing combined
operation during charge-deplete and charge-sustain operation using the
following utility factors except as specified in this paragraph (b):

 Table 3 of Sec.   600.116-12--Multi-Day Individual Utility Factors for
                         Urban ``City'' Driving
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Equivalent
 Schedule range for UDDS phases,     5-cycle     Cumulative   Sequential
              miles                 distance,        UF           UF
                                      miles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.59.............................         2.51         0.08         0.08
7.45.............................         5.22         0.15         0.08
11.04............................         7.73         0.22         0.06
14.90............................        10.43         0.28         0.06
18.49............................        12.94         0.33         0.05
22.35............................        15.65         0.38         0.05
25.94............................        18.16         0.43         0.04
29.80............................        20.86         0.47         0.04
33.39............................        23.37         0.50         0.04
37.25............................        26.08         0.54         0.04
40.84............................        28.59         0.57         0.03
44.70............................        31.29         0.60         0.03
48.29............................        33.80         0.62         0.02
52.15............................        36.51         0.65         0.02
55.74............................        39.02         0.67         0.02
59.60............................        41.72         0.69         0.02
63.19............................        44.23         0.71         0.02
67.05............................        46.94         0.72         0.02
70.64............................        49.45         0.74         0.01
74.50............................        52.15         0.75         0.01
78.09............................        54.66         0.78         0.03
81.95............................        57.37         0.79         0.01
85.54............................        59.88         0.80         0.01
89.40............................        62.58         0.81         0.01
92.99............................        65.09         0.82         0.01
------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Table 4 of Sec.   600.116-12--Multi-Day Individual Utility Factors for
                             Highway Driving
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Equivalent
 Schedule range for HFET phases,     5-cycle     Cumulative   Sequential
              miles                 distance,        UF           UF
                                      miles
------------------------------------------------------------------------
10.30............................         7.21         0.21         0.21

20.60............................        14.42         0.36         0.16
30.90............................        21.63         0.48         0.12
41.20............................        28.84         0.57         0.09
51.50............................        36.05         0.64         0.07
61.80............................        43.26         0.70         0.06
72.10............................        50.47         0.75         0.04
82.40............................        57.68         0.78         0.04
92.70............................        64.89         0.81         0.03
103.00...........................        72.10         0.83         0.02
113.30...........................        79.31         0.85         0.02
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) You may calculate performance values under paragraphs (b)(1)
and (2) of this section by combining phases during FTP testing. For
example, you may treat the first 7.45 miles as a single phase by adding
the individual utility factors for that portion of driving and
assigning emission levels to the combined phase. Do this consistently
throughout a test run.
    (4) Instead of the utility factors specified in paragraphs (b)(1)
and (2) of this section, calculate utility factors using the following
equation for vehicles whose maximum speed is less than the maximum
speed specified in the driving schedule, where the vehicle's maximum
speed is determined, to the nearest 0.1 mph, from observing the highest
speed over the first duty cycle (FTP, HFET, etc.):
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.035

Where:

UFi = the utility factor for phase i. Let UF0 = 0.
j = a counter to identify the appropriate term in the summation
(with terms numbered consecutively).
k = the number of terms in the equation (see Table 3 of this
section).
di = the distance driven in phase i.
ND = the normalized distance. Use 399 for both FTP and HFET
operation.
Cj = the coefficient for term j from the following table:

   Table 5 of Sec.   600.116-12--City/Highway Specific Utility Factor
                              Coefficients
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                         Fleet values for     Multi-day
                                        CAFE and GHG values   individual
                                      ----------------------  value for
             Coefficient                                       labeling
                                                            ------------
                                          City     Highway     City or
                                                               highway
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1....................................      14.86        4.8         13.1
2....................................      2.965         13        -18.7
3....................................     -84.05        -65         5.22
4....................................      153.7        120         8.15
5....................................     -43.59    -100.00         3.53
6....................................     -96.94      31.00        -1.34
7....................................      14.47  .........        -4.01
8....................................      91.70  .........        -3.90
9....................................     -46.36  .........        -1.15
10...................................  .........  .........         3.88
------------------------------------------------------------------------

n = the number of test phases (or bag measurements) before the
vehicle reaches the end-of-test criterion.

    (5) The end-of-test criterion is based on a 1 percent Net Energy
Change as specified in Section 3.8. The Administrator may approve
alternate Net Energy Change tolerances as specified in Section 3.9.1 or
Appendix C if the 1 percent threshold is insufficient or inappropriate
for marking the end of charge-deplete operation.
    (6) Use the vehicle's Actual Charge-Depleting Range,
Rcda, as specified in Section 6.1.3 for evaluating the end-
of-test criterion.
    (7) Measure and record AC watt-hours throughout the recharging
procedure. Position the measurement appropriately to account for any
losses in the charging system.
    (8) We may approve alternate measurement procedures with respect to
plug-in hybrid electric vehicles if they are necessary or appropriate
for meeting the objectives of this part.

Subpart C--Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-
related Exhaust Emission Values

0
41. The heading for subpart C is revised as set forth above.

Sec. Sec.  600.201-08, 600.201-12, 600.201-86, 600.201-93, 600.202-77,
600.203-77, 600.204-77, 600.205-77, 600.206-86, 600.206-93, 600.207-86,
600.207-93, 600.208-77, 600.209-85, 600.209-95, and 600.211-
08  [Removed]

0
42. Subpart C is amended by removing the following sections:
    Sec.  600.201-08.
    Sec.  600.201-12.
    Sec.  600.201-86.
    Sec.  600.201-93.
    Sec.  600.202-77.
    Sec.  600.203-77.
    Sec.  600.204-77.
    Sec.  600.205-77.
    Sec.  600.206-86.
    Sec.  600.206-93.
    Sec.  600.207-86.
    Sec.  600.207-93.
    Sec.  600.208-77.
    Sec.  600.209-85.
    Sec.  600.209-95.
    Sec.  600.211-08.

0
43. Section 600.206-12 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  600.206-12  Calculation and use of FTP-based and HFET-based fuel
economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission
values for vehicle configurations.

    (a) Fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related
exhaust emissions values determined for each vehicle under Sec.
600.113-08(a) and (b) and as approved in Sec.  600.008 (c), are used to
determine FTP-based city, HFET-based highway, and combined FTP/Highway-
based fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related
exhaust emission values for each vehicle configuration for which data
are available. Note that fuel economy for some alternative fuel
vehicles may mean miles per gasoline gallon equivalent and/or miles per
unit of fuel consumed. For example, electric vehicles will determine
miles per kilowatt-hour in addition to miles per gasoline gallon
equivalent, and fuel cell vehicles will determine miles per kilogram of
hydrogen.
    (1) If only one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel
economy values is accepted for a vehicle configuration, these values,
rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city
and highway fuel economy values for that configuration. If only one set
of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway CO2 emissions and
carbon-related exhaust emission values is accepted for a vehicle
configuration, these values, rounded to the nearest gram per mile,
comprise the city and highway CO2 emissions and carbon-
related exhaust emission values for that configuration.
    (2) If more than one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway
fuel economy and/or carbon-related exhaust emission values are accepted
for a vehicle configuration:
    (i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for
which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in
accordance with Sec.  600.208-12(a)(3).
    (ii) Within each group of data, all fuel economy values are
harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per
gallon and all CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust
emission values are arithmetically averaged and rounded to the nearest
tenth of a gram per mile in order to determine FTP-based city and HFET-
based highway fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-
related exhaust emission values for each subconfiguration at which the
vehicle configuration was tested.
    (iii) All FTP-based city fuel economy, CO2 emissions,
and carbon-related exhaust emission values and all HFET-based highway
fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission values calculated in
paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately for city and
highway) averaged in proportion to the sales fraction (rounded to the
nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle configuration (as provided to the
Administrator by the manufacturer) of vehicles of each tested
subconfiguration. Fuel economy values shall be harmonically averaged,
and CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emission values
shall be arithmetically averaged. The resultant fuel economy values,
rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the FTP-based city
and HFET-based highway fuel economy values for the vehicle
configuration. The resultant CO2 emissions and carbon-
related exhaust emission values, rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram
per mile, are the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway CO2
emissions and carbon-related exhaust emission values for the vehicle
configuration.
    (3)(i) For the purpose of determining average fuel economy under
Sec.  600.510, the combined fuel economy value for a vehicle
configuration is calculated by harmonically averaging the FTP-based
city and HFET-based highway fuel economy values, as determined in
paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45
respectively, and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. A
sample of this calculation appears in Appendix II of this part.
    (ii) For the purpose of determining average carbon-related exhaust
emissions under Sec.  600.510, the combined carbon-related exhaust
emission value for a vehicle configuration is calculated by
arithmetically averaging the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway
carbon-related exhaust emission values, as determined in paragraph
(a)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and
rounded to the nearest tenth of gram per mile.
    (4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this section,
as applicable, shall be used to calculate two separate sets of FTP-
based city, HFET-based highway, and combined values for fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for each
configuration.
    (i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values
from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
    (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values
from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
    (b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value
exists for an electric vehicle configuration, that value, rounded to
the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, will comprise the petroleum-
based fuel economy for that configuration.
    (c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value
exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that
vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the
nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that configuration.

0
44. Section 600.207-12 is added to read as follows:

Sec.  600.207-12  Calculation and use of vehicle-specific 5-cycle-based
fuel economy and CO2 emission values for vehicle
configurations.

    (a) Fuel economy and CO2 emission values determined for
each vehicle under Sec.  600.114 and as approved in Sec.  600.008(c),
are used to determine vehicle-specific 5-cycle city and highway fuel
economy and CO2 emission values for each vehicle
configuration for which data are available.
    (1) If only one set of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and
CO2 emission values is accepted for a vehicle configuration,
these values, where fuel economy is rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a
mile per gallon and the CO2 emission value in grams per mile
is rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile, comprise the city
and highway fuel economy and CO2 emission values for that
configuration.
    (2) If more than one set of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy
and CO2

emission values are accepted for a vehicle configuration:
    (i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for
which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in
accordance with Sec.  600.209-12(a)(3).
    (ii) Within each subconfiguration of data, all fuel economy values
are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile
per gallon in order to determine 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy
values for each subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was
tested, and all CO2 emissions values are arithmetically
averaged and rounded to the nearest tenth of gram per mile to determine
5-cycle city and highway CO2 emission values for each
subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was tested.
    (iii) All 5-cycle city fuel economy values and all 5-cycle highway
fuel economy values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section
are (separately for city and highway) averaged in proportion to the
sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle
configuration (as provided to the Administrator by the manufacturer) of
vehicles of each tested subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded
to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the 5-cycle city and 5-cycle
highway fuel economy values for the vehicle configuration.
    (iv) All 5-cycle city CO2 emission values and all 5-
cycle highway CO2 emission values calculated in paragraph
(a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately for city and highway)
averaged in proportion to the sales fraction (rounded to the nearest
0.0001) within the vehicle configuration (as provided to the
Administrator by the manufacturer) of vehicles of each tested
subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded to the nearest 0.1
grams per mile, are the 5-cycle city and 5-cycle highway CO2
emission values for the vehicle configuration.
    (3) [Reserved]
    (4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section
shall be used to calculate two separate sets of 5-cycle city and
highway fuel economy and CO2 emission values for each
configuration.
    (i) Calculate the 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and
CO2 emission values from the tests performed using gasoline
or diesel test fuel.
    (ii) Calculate the 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and
CO2 emission values from the tests performed using alcohol
or natural gas test fuel, if 5-cycle testing has been performed.
Otherwise, the procedure in Sec.  600.210-12(a)(3) or (b)(3) applies.
    (b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value
exists for an electric configuration, that value, rounded to the
nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, will comprise the petroleum-based
5-cycle fuel economy for that configuration.
    (c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based 5-cycle fuel
economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values
for that vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to
the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that configuration.

0
45. Section 600.208-12 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  600.208-12  Calculation of FTP-based and HFET-based fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for a
model type.

    (a) Fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related
exhaust emissions for a base level are calculated from vehicle
configuration fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-
related exhaust emissions as determined in Sec.  600.206-12(a), (b), or
(c) as applicable, for low-altitude tests.
    (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California and in section 177 states are likely to
exhibit significant differences in fuel economy, CO2
emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions from those intended for
sale in other states, she will calculate fuel economy, CO2
emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for each base level for
vehicles intended for sale in California and in section 177 states and
for each base level for vehicles intended for sale in the rest of the
states.
    (2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency, CO2
emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions of certain designs
otherwise included within a model type, a manufacturer may wish to
subdivide a model type into one or more additional model types. This is
accomplished by separating subconfigurations from an existing base
level and placing them into a new base level. The new base level is
identical to the existing base level except that it shall be
considered, for the purposes of this paragraph, as containing a new
basic engine. The manufacturer will be permitted to designate such new
basic engines and base level(s) if:
    (i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another
model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the
label and on the vehicle bearing that label;
    (ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not
included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine
(i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base
level fuel economy values); and
    (iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are
represented by test data in accordance with Sec.  600.010(c)(1)(ii).
    (3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales
projections for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination.
    (i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car
line-vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each
car line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the
states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this
section.
    (ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any
model type value is calculated for a label value.
    (iii) The provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of this section may be
satisfied by providing an amended application for certification, as
described in Sec.  86.1844 of this chapter.
    (4) Vehicle configuration fuel economy, CO2 emissions,
and carbon-related exhaust emissions, as determined in Sec.  600.206-
12(a), (b) or (c), as applicable, are grouped according to base level.
    (i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been
tested, the fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related
exhaust emissions from that vehicle configuration will constitute the
fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust
emissions for that base level.
    (ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has
been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are
harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction
(rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the
resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per
gallon; and the vehicle configuration CO2 emissions and
carbon-related exhaust emissions are arithmetically averaged in
proportion to the respective sales fraction (rounded to the nearest
0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the resultant carbon-related
exhaust emission value rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile.
    (5) The procedure specified in paragraph (a)(1) through (4) of this
section will be repeated for each base level, thus establishing city,
highway, and combined fuel economy, CO2

emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for each base level.
    (6) [Reserved]
    (7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway,
and combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related
exhaust emissions for each base level.
    (i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions from the
tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
    (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions from the
tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.
    (b) For each model type, as determined by the Administrator, a
city, highway, and combined fuel economy value, CO2 emission
value, and a carbon-related exhaust emission value will be calculated
by using the projected sales and values for fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for each
base level within the model type. Separate model type calculations will
be done based on the vehicle configuration fuel economy, CO2
emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions as determined in Sec.
600.206-12(a), (b) or (c), as applicable.
    (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California and in section 177 states are likely to
exhibit significant differences in fuel economy, CO2
emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions from those intended for
sale in other states, he or she will calculate values for fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for each
model type for vehicles intended for sale in California and in section
177 states and for each model type for vehicles intended for sale in
the rest of the states.
    (2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by
dividing the projected sales of the base level within the model type by
the projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the
nearest 0.0001.
    (3)(i) The FTP-based city fuel economy values of the model type
(calculated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one
by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which
is a fraction determined by dividing:
    (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by
    (B) The FTP-based city fuel economy value for the respective base
level.
    (ii) The FTP-based city carbon-related exhaust emission value of
the model type (calculated to the nearest gram per mile) are determined
by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which
is a product determined by multiplying:
    (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by
    (B) The FTP-based city carbon-related exhaust emission value for
the respective base level.
    (iii) The FTP-based city CO2 emissions of the model type
(calculated to the nearest gram per mile) are determined by a sum of
terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a product
determined by multiplying:
    (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by
    (B) The FTP-based city CO2 emissions for the respective
base level.
    (4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is
repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined
fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust
emissions for the model type.
    (5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway,
and combined fuel economy values and two separate sets of city,
highway, and combined CO2 and carbon-related exhaust
emission values for each model type.
    (i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values
from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test fuel.
    (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy,
CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission values
from the tests performed using alcohol or natural gas test fuel.

0
46. Section 600.209-12 is added to read as follows:

Sec.  600.209-12  Calculation of vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy
and CO2 emission values for a model type.

    (a) Base level. 5-cycle fuel economy and CO2 emission
values for a base level are calculated from vehicle configuration 5-
cycle fuel economy and CO2 emission values as determined in
Sec.  600.207 for low-altitude tests.
    (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant
differences in fuel economy and CO2 emissions from those
intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy and
CO2 emission values for each base level for vehicles
intended for sale in California and for each base level for vehicles
intended for sale in the rest of the states.
    (2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency and CO2
emissions of certain designs otherwise included within a model type, a
manufacturer may wish to subdivide a model type into one or more
additional model types. This is accomplished by separating
subconfigurations from an existing base level and placing them into a
new base level. The new base level is identical to the existing base
level except that it shall be considered, for the purposes of this
paragraph, as containing a new basic engine. The manufacturer will be
permitted to designate such new basic engines and base level(s) if:
    (i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another
model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the
label and on the vehicle bearing that label;
    (ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not
included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine
(i.e., they are not included in the calculation of the original base
level fuel economy values); and
    (iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are
represented by test data in accordance with Sec.  600.010(c)(i)(ii).
    (3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales
projections for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination.
    (i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car
line-vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each
car line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the
states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this
section.
    (ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any
model type value is calculated for a label value.
    (iii) The provisions of this paragraph (a)(3) may be satisfied by
providing an amended application for certification, as described in
Sec.  86.1844 of this chapter.
    (4) 5-cycle vehicle configuration fuel economy and CO2
emission values, as determined in Sec.  600.207-12(a), (b), or (c), as
applicable, are grouped according to base level.
    (i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been
tested, the fuel economy and CO2 emission values from that
vehicle configuration constitute the fuel economy and CO2
emission values for that base level.
    (ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has
been tested, the vehicle configuration

fuel economy values are harmonically averaged in proportion to the
respective sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each
vehicle configuration and the resultant fuel economy value rounded to
the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon.
    (iii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level
has been tested, the vehicle configuration CO2 emission
values are arithmetically averaged in proportion to the respective
sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle
configuration and the resultant CO2 emission value rounded
to the nearest 0.1 gram per mile.
    (5) The procedure specified in Sec.  600.209-12(a) will be repeated
for each base level, thus establishing city and highway fuel economy
and CO2 emission values for each base level.
    (6) [Reserved]
    (7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway,
and combined fuel economy and CO2 emission values for each
base level.
    (i) Calculate the city and highway fuel economy and CO2
emission values from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test
fuel.
    (ii) If 5-cycle testing was performed on the alcohol or natural gas
test fuel, calculate the city and highway fuel economy and
CO2 emission values from the tests performed using alcohol
or natural gas test fuel.
    (b) Model type. For each model type, as determined by the
Administrator, city and highway fuel economy and CO2
emissions values will be calculated by using the projected sales and
fuel economy and CO2 emission values for each base level
within the model type. Separate model type calculations will be done
based on the vehicle configuration fuel economy and CO2
emission values as determined in Sec.  600.207, as applicable.
    (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for
sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant
differences in fuel economy and CO2 emissions from those
intended for sale in other states, he will calculate fuel economy and
CO2 emission values for each model type for vehicles
intended for sale in California and for each model type for vehicles
intended for sale in the rest of the states.
    (2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by
dividing the projected sales of the base level within the model type by
the projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the
nearest 0.0001.
    (3)(i) The 5-cycle city fuel economy values of the model type
(calculated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one
by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which
is a fraction determined by dividing:
    (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by
    (B) The 5-cycle city fuel economy value for the respective base
level.
    (ii) The 5-cycle city CO2 emissions of the model type
(calculated to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile) are determined by
a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is
a product determined by multiplying:
    (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by
    (B) The 5-cycle city CO2 emissions for the respective
base level.
    (4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is
repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined
fuel economy and CO2 emission values for the model type.
    (5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel
automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this
section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city and
highway fuel economy and CO2 emission values for each model
type.
    (i) Calculate the city and highway fuel economy and CO2
emission values from the tests performed using gasoline or diesel test
fuel.
    (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy and
CO2 emission values from the tests performed using alcohol
or natural gas test fuel, if 5-cycle testing was performed on the
alcohol or natural gas test fuel. Otherwise, the procedure in Sec.
600.210-12(a)(3) or (b)(3) applies.

0
47. Section 600.210-08 is amended by adding paragraph (f) to read as
follows:

Sec.  600.210-08  Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.

* * * * *
    (f) Sample calculations. An example of the calculation required in
this subpart is in Appendix III of this part.

0
48. Section Sec.  600.210-12 is added to read as follows:

Sec.  600.210-12  Calculation of fuel economy and CO2
emission values for labeling.

    (a) General labels. Except as specified in paragraphs (d) and (e)
of this section, fuel economy and CO2 emissions for general
labels may be determined by one of two methods. The first is based on
vehicle-specific model-type 5-cycle data as determined in Sec.
600.209-12(b). This method is available for all vehicles and is
required for vehicles that do not qualify for the second method as
described in Sec.  600.115 (other than electric vehicles). The second
method, the derived 5-cycle method, determines fuel economy and
CO2 emissions values from the FTP and HFET tests using
equations that are derived from vehicle-specific 5-cycle model type
data, as determined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. Manufacturers
may voluntarily lower fuel economy values and raise CO2
values if they determine that the label values from any method are not
representative of the fuel economy or CO2 emissions for that
model type.
    (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. The city and highway model
type fuel economy determined in Sec.  600.209-12(b), rounded to the
nearest mpg, and the city and highway model type CO2
emissions determined in Sec.  600.209-12(b), rounded to the nearest
gram per mile, comprise the fuel economy and CO2 emission
values for general fuel economy labels, or, alternatively;
    (2) Derived 5-cycle labels. Derived 5-cycle city and highway label
values are determined according to the following method:
    (i)(A) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle city
fuel economy using the following equation and coefficients determined
by the Administrator:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.036

Where:

City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic
vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.

MT FTP FE = the model type FTP-based city fuel economy determined
under Sec.  600.208-12(b), rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.

    (B) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle city
CO2 emissions using the following equation and coefficients
determined by the Administrator:

Derived 5-cycle City CO2 = ({City Intercept{time}  x A) +
({City Slope{time}  x MT FTP CO2)

Where:
A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 for diesel-fueled
vehicles, or an appropriate value specified by the Administrator for
other fuels.
City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic
vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
MT FTP CO2 = the model type FTP-based city CO2
emissions determined under Sec.  600.208-12(b), rounded to the
nearest 0.1 grams per mile.

    (ii)(A) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle
highway fuel economy using the equation below and coefficients
determined by the Administrator:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.037

Where:

Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based
on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
MT HFET FE = the model type highway fuel economy determined under
Sec.  600.208-12(b), rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.

    (B) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle highway
CO2 emissions using the equation below and coefficients
determined by the Administrator:

Derived 5-cycle Highway CO2 = ({Highway Intercept{time}  x
A) + ({Highway Slope{time}  x MT HFET CO2)

Where:

A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 for diesel-fueled
vehicles, or an appropriate value specified by the Administrator for
other fuels.
Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based
on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
MT HFET CO2 = the model type highway CO2
emissions determined under Sec.  600.208-12(b), rounded to the
nearest 0.1 grams per mile.
(iii) Unless and until superseded by written guidance from the
Administrator, the following intercepts and slopes shall be used in
the equations in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section:
City Intercept = 0.003259.
City Slope = 1.1805.
Highway Intercept = 0.001376.
Highway Slope = 1.3466.

    (iv) The Administrator will periodically update the slopes and
intercepts through guidance and will determine the model year that the
new coefficients must take effect. The Administrator will issue
guidance no later than six months prior to the earliest starting date
of the effective model year (e.g., for 2011 models, the earliest start
of the model year is January 2, 2010, so guidance would be issued by
July 1, 2009.) Until otherwise instructed by written guidance from the
Administrator, manufacturers must use the coefficients that are
currently in effect.
    (3) General alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions
label values for dual fuel vehicles.
    (i)(A) City and Highway fuel economy label values for dual fuel
alcohol-based and natural gas vehicles when using the alternate fuel
are separately determined by the following calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.038

Where:

FEalt = The unrounded FTP-based model-type city or HFET-
based model-type highway fuel economy from the alternate fuel, as
determined in Sec.  600.208-12(b)(5)(ii).
5cycle FEgas = The unrounded vehicle-specific or derived
5-cycle model-type city or highway fuel economy, as determined in
paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section.
FEgas = The unrounded FTP-based city or HFET-based model
type highway fuel economy from gasoline (or diesel), as determined
in Sec.  600.208-12(b)(5)(i).

    The result, rounded to the nearest whole number, is the alternate
fuel label value for dual fuel vehicles.
    (B) City and Highway CO2 label values for dual fuel
alcohol-based and natural gas vehicles when using the alternate fuel
are separately determined by the following calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.039

Where:

CO2alt = The unrounded FTP-based model-type city or HFET-
based model-type CO2 emissions value from the alternate
fuel, as determined in Sec.  600.208-12(b)(5)(ii).
5cycle CO2gas = The unrounded vehicle-specific or derived
5-cycle model-type city or highway CO2 emissions value,
as determined in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section.
CO2gas = The unrounded FTP-based city or HFET-based model
type highway CO2 emissions value from gasoline (or
diesel), as determined in Sec.  600.208-12(b)(5)(i).

    The result, rounded to the nearest whole number, is the
alternate fuel CO2 emissions label value for dual fuel
vehicles.

    (ii) Optionally, if complete 5-cycle testing has been performed
using the alternate fuel, the manufacturer may choose to use the
alternate fuel label city or highway fuel economy and CO2
emission values determined in Sec.  600.209-12(b)(5)(ii), rounded to
the nearest whole number.
    (4) General alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions
label values for electric vehicles. Determine FTP-based city and HFET-
based highway fuel economy label values for electric

vehicles as described in Sec.  600.116. Convert W-hour/mile results to
miles per kW-hr and miles per gasoline gallon equivalent.
CO2 label information is based on tailpipe emissions only,
so CO2 emissions from electric vehicles are assumed to be
zero.
    (5) General alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions
label values for fuel cell vehicles. Determine FTP-based city and HFET-
based highway fuel economy label values for electric vehicles using
procedures specified by the Administrator. Convert kilograms of
hydrogen/mile results to miles per kilogram of hydrogen and miles per
gasoline gallon equivalent. CO2 label information is based
on tailpipe emissions only, so CO2 emissions from fuel cell
vehicles are assumed to be zero.
    (b) Specific labels. Except as specified in paragraphs (d) and (e)
of this section, fuel economy and CO2 emissions for specific
labels may be determined by one of two methods. The first is based on
vehicle-specific configuration 5-cycle data as determined in Sec.
600.207. This method is available for all vehicles and is required for
vehicles that do not qualify for the second method as described in
Sec.  600.115 (other than electric vehicles). The second method, the
derived 5-cycle method, determines fuel economy and CO2
emissions values from the FTP and HFET tests using equations that are
derived from vehicle-specific 5-cycle configuration data, as determined
in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Manufacturers may voluntarily
lower fuel economy values and raise CO2 values if they
determine that the label values from either method are not
representative of the fuel economy or CO2 emissions for that
model type.
    (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. The city and highway
configuration fuel economy determined in Sec.  600.207, rounded to the
nearest mpg, and the city and highway configuration CO2
emissions determined in Sec.  600.207, rounded to the nearest gram per
mile, comprise the fuel economy and CO2 emission values for
specific fuel economy labels, or, alternatively;
    (2) Derived 5-cycle labels. Specific city and highway label values
from derived 5-cycle are determined according to the following method:
    (i)(A) Determine the derived five-cycle city fuel economy of the
configuration using the equation below and coefficients determined by
the Administrator:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.040

Where:

City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic
vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
Config FTP FE = the configuration FTP-based city fuel economy
determined under Sec.  600.206, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg.

    (B) Determine the derived five-cycle city CO2 emissions
of the configuration using the equation below and coefficients
determined by the Administrator:

Derived 5-cycle City CO2 = {City Intercept{time}  + {City
Slope{time}  x Config FTP CO2
Where:

City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic
vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data.
Config FTP CO2 = the configuration FTP-based city
CO2 emissions determined under Sec.  600.206, rounded to
the nearest 0.1 grams per mile.

    (ii)(A) Determine the derived five-cycle highway fuel economy of
the configuration using the equation below and coefficients determined
by the Administrator:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.041

Where:

Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based
on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
Config HFET FE = the configuration highway fuel economy determined
under Sec.  600.206, rounded to the nearest tenth.

    (B) Determine the derived five-cycle highway CO2
emissions of the configuration using the equation below and
coefficients determined by the Administrator:

Derived 5-cycle city Highway CO2 = {Highway Intercept{time}
+ {Highway Slope{time}  x Config HFET CO2

Where:

Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based
on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on
historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data.
Config HFET CO2 = the configuration highway fuel economy
determined under Sec.  600.206, rounded to the nearest tenth.

    (iii) The slopes and intercepts of paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this
section apply.
    (3) Specific alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions
label values for dual fuel vehicles. (i)(A) Specific city and highway
fuel economy label values for dual fuel alcohol-based and natural gas
vehicles when using the alternate fuel are separately determined by the
following calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.042

Where:

FEalt = The unrounded FTP-based configuration city or
HFET-based configuration highway fuel economy from the alternate
fuel, as determined in Sec.  600.206.
5cycle FEgas = The unrounded vehicle-specific or derived
5-cycle configuration

city or highway fuel economy as determined in paragraph (b)(1) or
(2) of this section.
FEgas = The unrounded FTP-based city or HFET-based
configuration highway fuel economy from gasoline, as determined in
Sec.  600.206.
    The result, rounded to the nearest whole number, is the
alternate fuel label value for dual fuel vehicles.

    (B) Specific city and highway CO2 emission label values
for dual fuel alcohol-based and natural gas vehicles when using the
alternate fuel are separately determined by the following calculation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR06JY11.043

Where:

CO2alt = The unrounded FTP-based configuration city or
HFET-based configuration highway CO2 emissions value from
the alternate fuel, as determined in Sec.  600.206.
5cycle CO2gas = The unrounded vehicle-specific or derived
5-cycle configuration city or highway CO2 emissions value
as determined in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section.
CO2gas = The unrounded FTP-based city or HFET-based
configuration highway CO2 emissions value from gasoline,
as determined in Sec.  600.206.

    The result, rounded to the nearest whole number, is the
alternate fuel CO2 emissions label value for dual fuel
vehicles.

    (ii) Optionally, if complete 5-cycle testing has been performed
using the alternate fuel, the manufacturer may choose to use the
alternate fuel label city or highway fuel economy and CO2
emission values determined in Sec.  600.207-12(a)(4)(ii), rounded to
the nearest whole number.
    (4) Specific alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions
label values for electric vehicles. Determine FTP-based city and HFET-
based highway fuel economy label values for electric vehicles as
described in Sec.  600.116. Determine these values by running the
appropriate repeat test cycles. Convert W-hour/mile results to miles
per kW-hr and miles per gasoline gallon equivalent. CO2
label information is based on tailpipe emissions only, so
CO2 emissions from electric vehicles are assumed to be zero.
    (5) Specific alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions
label values for fuel cell vehicles. Determine FTP-based city and HFET-
based highway fuel economy label values for fuel cell vehicles using
procedures specified by the Administrator. Convert kilograms of
hydrogen/mile results to miles per kilogram of hydrogen and miles per
gasoline gallon equivalent. CO2 label information is based
on tailpipe emissions only, so CO2 emissions from fuel cell
vehicles are assumed to be zero.
    (c) Calculating combined fuel economy. (1) For the purposes of
calculating the combined fuel economy for a model type, to be used in
displaying on the label and for determining annual fuel costs under
subpart D of this part, the manufacturer shall use one of the following
procedures:
    (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural
gas-fueled automobiles, and for dual fuel automobiles that can operate
on gasoline or diesel fuel, harmonically average the unrounded city and
highway fuel economy values, determined in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of
this section and (b)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45
respectively. Round the result to the nearest whole mpg. (An example of
this calculation procedure appears in Appendix II of this part).
    (ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles
operated on the alternate fuel, harmonically average the unrounded city
and highway values from the tests performed using the alternative fuel
as determined in paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(3) of this section, weighted
0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round the result to the nearest whole mpg.
    (iii) For electric vehicles, calculate the combined fuel economy,
in miles per kW-hr and miles per gasoline gallon equivalent, by
harmonically averaging the unrounded city and highway values, weighted
0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round miles per kW-hr to the nearest 0.001
and round miles per gasoline gallon equivalent to the nearest whole
number.
    (iv) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate a combined
fuel economy value, in miles per gasoline gallon equivalent as follows:
    (A) Determine city and highway fuel economy values for vehicle
operation after the battery has been fully discharged (``gas only
operation'' or ``charge-sustaining mode'') as described in paragraphs
(a) and (b) of this section.
    (B) Determine city and highway fuel economy values for vehicle
operation starting with a full battery charge (``all-electric
operation'' or ``gas plus electric operation'', as appropriate, or
``charge-depleting mode'') as described in Sec.  600.116. For battery
energy, convert W-hour/mile results to miles per gasoline gallon
equivalent or miles per diesel gallon equivalent, as applicable. Note
that you must also express battery-based fuel economy values in miles
per kW-hr for calculating annual fuel cost as described in Sec.
600.311.
    (C) Calculate a composite city fuel economy value and a composite
highway fuel economy value by combining the separate results for
battery and engine operation using the procedures described in Sec.
600.116). Apply the derived 5-cycle adjustment to these composite
values. Use these values to calculate the vehicle's combined fuel
economy as described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section.
    (v) For fuel cell vehicles, calculate the combined fuel economy, in
miles per kilogram and miles per gasoline gallon equivalent, by
harmonically averaging the unrounded city and highway values, weighted
0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round miles per kilogram to the nearest
whole number and round miles per gasoline gallon equivalent to the
nearest whole number.
    (2) For the purposes of calculating the combined CO2
emissions value for a model type, to be used in displaying on the label
under subpart D of this part, the manufacturer shall:
    (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural
gas-fueled automobiles, and for dual fuel automobiles that can operate
on gasoline or diesel fuel, arithmetically average the unrounded city
and highway values, determined in

paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this section and (b)(1) or (2) of this
section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and round to the nearest
whole gram per mile; or
    (ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles
operated on the alternate fuel, arithmetically average the unrounded
city and highway CO2 emission values from the tests
performed using the alternative fuel as determined in paragraphs (a)(3)
and (b)(3) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and
round to the nearest whole gram per mile.
    (iii) CO2 label information is based on tailpipe
emissions only, so CO2 emissions from electric vehicles and
fuel cell vehicles are assumed to be zero.
    (iv) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate combined
CO2 emissions as follows:
    (A) Determine city and highway CO2 emission rates for
vehicle operation after the battery has been fully discharged (``gas
only operation'' or ``charge-sustaining mode'') as described in
paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section.
    (B) Determine city and highway CO2 emission rates for
vehicle operation starting with a full battery charge (``all-electric
operation'' or ``gas plus electric operation'', as appropriate, or
``charge-depleting mode'') as described in Sec.  600.116. Note that
CO2 label information is based on tailpipe emissions only,
so CO2 emissions from electricity are assumed to be zero.
    (C) Calculate a composite city CO2 emission rate and a
composite highway CO2 emission rate by combining the
separate results for battery and engine operation using the procedures
described in Sec.  600.116. Use these values to calculate the vehicle's
combined fuel economy as described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this
section.
    (d) Calculating combined fuel economy and CO2 emissions.
(1) If the criteria in Sec.  600.115-11(a) are met for a model type,
both the city and highway fuel economy and CO2 emissions
values must be determined using the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method. If
the criteria in Sec.  600.115-11(b) are met for a model type, the city
fuel economy and CO2 emissions values may be determined
using either method, but the highway fuel economy and CO2
emissions values must be determined using the vehicle-specific 5-cycle
method (or modified 5-cycle method as allowed under Sec.  600.114-
12(b)(2)).
    (2) If the criteria in Sec.  600.115 are not met for a model type,
the city and highway fuel economy and CO2 emission label
values must be determined by using the same method, either the derived
5-cycle or vehicle-specific 5-cycle.
    (3) Manufacturers may use any of the following methods for
determining 5-cycle values for fuel economy and CO2
emissions for electric vehicles:
    (i) Generate 5-cycle data as described in paragraph (a)(1) of this
section.
    (ii) Decrease fuel economy values by 30 percent and increase
CO2 emission values by 30 percent relative to data generated
from 2-cycle testing.
    (iii) Manufacturers may ask the Administrator to approve adjustment
factors for deriving 5-cycle fuel economy results from 2-cycle test
data based on operating data from their in-use vehicles. Such data
should be collected from multiple vehicles with different drivers over
a range of representative driving routes and conditions. The
Administrator may approve such an adjustment factor for any of the
manufacturer's vehicle models that are properly represented by the
collected data.
    (e) Fuel economy values and other information for advanced
technology vehicles. (1) The Administrator may prescribe an alternative
method of determining the city and highway model type fuel economy and
CO2 emission values for general, unique or specific fuel
economy labels other than those set forth in this subpart C for
advanced technology vehicles including, but not limited to fuel cell
vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles using hydraulic energy storage, and
vehicles equipped with hydrogen internal combustion engines.
    (2) For advanced technology vehicles, the Administrator may
prescribe special methods for determining information other than fuel
economy that is required to be displayed on fuel economy labels as
specified in Sec.  600.302-12(e).
    (f) Sample calculations. An example of the calculation required in
this subpart is in Appendix III of this part.

Subpart D--Fuel Economy Labeling

0
49. The heading for subpart D is revised as set forth above.

Sec. Sec.  600.301-08, 600.301-12, 600.301-86, 600.301-95, 600.302-77,
600.303-77, 600.304-77, 600.305-77, 600.306-86, 600.307-86, 600.307-95,
600.310-86, 600.311-86, 600.313-86, 600.314-01, 600.314-86, and
600.315-82  [Removed]

0
50. Subpart D is amended by removing the following sections:
    Sec.  600.301-08.
    Sec.  600.301-12.
    Sec.  600.301-86.
    Sec.  600.301-95.
    Sec.  600.302-77.
    Sec.  600.303-77.
    Sec.  600.304-77.
    Sec.  600.305-77.
    Sec.  600.306-86.
    Sec.  600.307-86.
    Sec.  600.307-95.
    Sec.  600.310-86.
    Sec.  600.311-86.
    Sec.  600.313-86.
    Sec.  600.314-01.
    Sec.  600.314-86.
    Sec.  600.315-82.

Sec.  600.306-08  [Redesignated as Sec.  600.301]

Sec.  600.307-08  [Redesignated as Sec.  600.302-08]

Sec.  600.312-86  [Redesignated as Sec.  600.312-08]

Sec.  600.313-01  [Redesignated as Sec.  600.313-08]

Sec.  600.316-78  [Redesignated as Sec.  600.316-08]

0
51. Redesignate specific sections in subpart D as follows:

                       old section                          new section

600.306-08..............................................         600.301
600.307-08..............................................      600.302-08
600.312-86..............................................      600.312-08
600.313-01..............................................      600.313-08
600.316-78..............................................      600.316-08

0
52. Newly redesignated Sec.  600.301 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  600.301  Labeling requirements.

    (a) Prior to being offered for sale, each manufacturer shall affix
or cause to be affixed and each dealer shall maintain or cause to be
maintained on each automobile:
    (1) A general fuel economy label (initial, or updated as required
in Sec.  600.314) as described in Sec.  600.302 or:
    (2) A specific label, for those automobiles manufactured or
imported before the date that occurs 15 days after general labels have
been determined by the manufacturer, as described in Sec.  600.210-
08(b) or Sec.  600.210-12(b).
    (i) If the manufacturer elects to use a specific label within a
model type (as defined in Sec.  600.002, he shall also affix specific
labels on all automobiles within this model type, except on those
automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that labels are
required to bear range values as required by paragraph (b) of this
section, or determined by the Administrator, or as permitted under
Sec.  600.310.
    (ii) If a manufacturer elects to change from general to specific
labels or vice versa within a model type, the manufacturer shall,
within five calendar days, initiate or discontinue as applicable, the
use of specific labels on all vehicles within a model type at all
facilities where labels are affixed.

    (3) For any vehicle for which a specific label is requested which
has a combined FTP/HFET-based fuel economy value, as determined in
Sec.  600.513, at or below the minimum tax-free value, the following
statement must appear on the specific label:
    ``[Manufacturer's name] may have to pay IRS a Gas Guzzler Tax on
this vehicle because of the low fuel economy.''
    (4)(i) At the time a general fuel economy value is determined for a
model type, a manufacturer shall, except as provided in paragraph
(a)(4)(ii) of this section, relabel, or cause to be relabeled, vehicles
which:
    (A) Have not been delivered to the ultimate purchaser, and
    (B) Have a combined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel economy value
(as determined in Sec.  600.208-08(b) or Sec.  600.208-12(b) of 0.1 mpg
or more below the lowest fuel economy value at which a Gas Guzzler Tax
of $0 is to be assessed.
    (ii) The manufacturer has the option of re-labeling vehicles during
the first five working days after the general label value is known.
    (iii) For those vehicle model types which have been issued a
specific label and are subsequently found to have tax liability, the
manufacturer is responsible for the tax liability regardless of whether
the vehicle has been sold or not or whether the vehicle has been
relabeled or not.
    (b) The manufacturer shall include the current range of fuel
economy of comparable automobiles (as described in Sec. Sec.  600.311
and 600.314) in the label of each vehicle manufactured or imported more
than 15 calendar days after the current range is made available by the
Administrator.
    (1) Automobiles manufactured or imported before a date 16 or more
calendar days after the initial label range is made available under
Sec.  600.311 shall include the range from the previous model year.
    (2) Automobiles manufactured or imported more than 15 calendar days
after the label range is made available under Sec.  600.311 shall be
labeled with the current range of fuel economy of comparable
automobiles as approved for that label.
    (c) The fuel economy label must be readily visible from the
exterior of the automobile and remain affixed until the time the
automobile is delivered to the ultimate consumer.
    (1) It is preferable that the fuel economy label information be
incorporated into the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label,
provided that the prominence and legibility of the fuel economy label
is maintained. For this purpose, all fuel economy label information
must be placed on a separate section in the Automobile Information
Disclosure Act label and may not be intermixed with that label
information, except for vehicle descriptions as noted in Sec.  600.303-
08(d)(1).
    (2) The fuel economy label must be located on a side window. If the
window is not large enough to contain both the Automobile Information
Disclosure Act label and the fuel economy label, the manufacturer shall
have the fuel economy label affixed on another window and as close as
possible to the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label.
    (3) The manufacturer shall have the fuel economy label affixed in
such a manner that appearance and legibility are maintained until after
the vehicle is delivered to the ultimate consumer.
    (d) The labeling requirements specified in this subpart for 2008
model year vehicles continue to apply through the 2011 model year. In
the 2012 model year, manufacturers may label their vehicles as
specified in this subpart for either 2008 or 2012 model years. The
labeling requirements specified in this subpart for 2012 model year
vehicles are mandatory for 2013 and later model years.

Sec.  600.302-08  [Amended]

0
53. Newly redesignated Sec.  600.302-08 is amended by removing and
reserving paragraphs (h) through (j).

0
54. Section Sec.  600.302-12 is added to subpart D to read as follows:

Sec.  600.302-12  Fuel economy label--general provisions.

    This section describes labeling requirements and specifications
that apply to all vehicles. The requirements and specifications in this
section and those in Sec. Sec.  600.304 through 600.310 are illustrated
in Appendix VI of this part.
    (a) Basic format. Fuel economy labels must be rectangular in shape
with a minimum width of 174 mm and a minimum height of 114 mm. The
required label can be divided into three fields separated and outlined
by a continuous border, as described in paragraphs (b) through (e) of
this section.
    (b) Border. Create a continuous black border to outline the label
and separate the three information fields. Include the following
information in the top and bottom portions of the border:
    (1) In the left portion of the upper border, include ``EPA'' and
``DOT'' with a horizontal line in between (``EPA divided by DOT'').
    (2) Immediately to the right of the Agency names, include the
heading ``Fuel Economy and Environment''.
    (3) Identify the vehicle's fuel type on the right-most portion of
the upper border in a blue-colored field as follows:
    (i) For vehicles designed to operate on a single fuel, identify the
appropriate fuel. For example, identify the vehicle as ``Gasoline
Vehicle'', ``Diesel Vehicle'', ``Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle'',
``Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle'', etc. This includes hybrid electric
vehicles that do not have plug-in capability. Include a logo
corresponding to the fuel to the left of this designation as follows:
    (A) For gasoline, include a fuel pump logo.
    (B) For diesel fuel, include a fuel pump logo with a ``D''
inscribed in the base of the fuel pump.
    (C) For natural gas, include the established CNG logo.
    (D) For hydrogen fuel cells, include the expression
``H2''.
    (ii) Identify flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles as
``Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Gasoline-Ethanol (E85)'', ``Flexible-Fuel
Vehicle Diesel-Natural Gas'', etc. Include a fuel pump logo or a
combination of logos to the left of this designation as appropriate.