NOTE: Federal revenue per student based on fall enrollment collected by the Bureau of the Census. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey;

and U. S. Department of Commerce, `` Survey of Local Government Finances.'' ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 120 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: SCHOOLS Table 95.   Public elementary and secondary schools, by type of school: 1967   68 to 1999   2000 Year Total, all public schools Schools with reported grade spans Other schools 6 Total Elementary schools Secondary schools Combined elementary/ secondary schools 5 Total 1 Middle schools 2 Oneteacher schools Other elementary schools Total 3 Junior high 4 3 year or 4 year high schools 5 year or 6 year high schools Other secondary schools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1967   68 ............   94,197 67,186   4,146 63,040 23,318 7,437 10,751 4,650 480 3,693   1970   71 ............   89,372 64,020 2,080 1,815 60,125 23,572 7,750 11,265 3,887 670 1,780   1972   73 ............   88,864 62,942 2,308 1,475 59,159 23,919 7,878 11,550 3,962 529 2,003   1974   75 ............   87,456 61,759 3,224 1,247 57,288 23,837 7,690 11,480 4,122 545 1,860   1975   76 ............ 88,597 87,034 61,704 3,916 1,166 56,622 23,792 7,521 11,572 4,113 586 1,538 1,563 1976   77 ............   86,501 61,123 4,180 1,111 55,832 23,857 7,434 11,658 4,130 635 1,521   1978   79 ............   84,816 60,312 5,879 1,056 53,377 22,834 6,282 11,410 4,429 713 1,670   1980   81 ............ 85,982 83,688 59,326 6,003 921 52,402 22,619 5,890 10,758 4,193 1,778 1,743 2,294 1982   83 ............ 84,740 82,039 58,051 6,875 798 50,378 22,383 5,948 11,678 4,067 690 1,605 2,701 1983   84 ............ 84,178 81,418 57,471 6,885 838 49,748 22,336 5,936 11,670 4,046 684 1,611 2,760 1984   85 ............ 84,007 81,147 57,231 6,893 825 49,513 22,320 5,916 11,671 4,021 712 1,596 2,860 1986   87 ............ 83,455 82,190 58,801 7,452 763 50,586 21,406 5,142 11,453 4,197 614 1,983 7 1,265 1987   88 ............ 83,248 81,416 57,575 7,641 729 49,205 21,662 4,900 11,279 4,048 1,435 2,179 7 1,832 1988   89 ............ 83,165 81,579 57,941 7,957 583 49,401 21,403 4,687 11,350 3,994 1,372 2,235 7 1,586 1989   90 ............ 83,425 81,880 58,419 8,272 630 49,517 21,181 4,512 11,492 3,812 1,365 2,280 7 1,545 1990   91 ............ 84,538 82,475 59,015 8,545 617 49,853 21,135 4,561 11,537 3,723 1,314 2,325 2,063 1991   92 ............ 84,578 82,506 59,258 8,829 569 49,860 20,767 4,298 11,528 3,699 1,242 2,481 2,072 1992   93 ............ 84,497 82,896 59,676 9,152 430 50,094 20,671 4,115 11,651 3,613 1,292 2,549 1,601 1993   94 ............ 85,393 83,431 60,052 9,573 442 50,037 20,705 3,970 11,858 3,595 1,282 2,674 1,962 1994   95 ............ 86,221 84,476 60,808 9,954 458 50,396 20,904 3,859 12,058 3,628 1,359 2,764 1,745 1995   96 ............ 87,125 84,958 61,165 10,205 474 50,486 20,997 3,743 12,168 3,621 1,465 2,796 2,167 1996   97 ............ 88,223 86,092 61,805 10,499 487 50,819 21,307 3,707 12,424 3,614 1,562 2,980 2,131 1997   98 ............ 89,508 87,541 62,739 10,944 476 51,319 21,682 3,599 12,734 3,611 1,738 3,120 1,967 1998   99 ............ 90,874 89,259 63,462 11,202 463 51,797 22,076 3,607 13,457 3,707 1,305 3,721 1,615 1999   2000 ........ 92,012 90,538 64,131 11,521 423 52,187 22,365 3,566 13,914 3,686 1,199 4,042 1,474   Not available.

1 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8.

2 Includes schools with grade spans beginning with 4, 5, or 6 and ending with grade 6, 7, or 8.

3 Includes schools with no grade lower than 7.

4 Includes schools with grades 7 and 8 or grades 7 through 9.

5 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or lower and ending with grade 9 or above. 6 Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not classified by grade span. 7 Because of revision in data collection procedures, figures not comparable to data for other years.

NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; and Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared October 2001.)

Table 96.   Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and size of school: 1999   2000 Enrollment size of school Number of schools, by type Enrollment, by type of school 1 Total 2 Elementary 3 Secondary 4 Combined elementary secondary 5 Other 2 Total 2 Elementary 3 Secondary 4 Combined elementary secondary 5 Other 2 All schools Regular schools 6 All schools Regular schools 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total ............................................... 92,012 64,131 22,365 18,784 4,042 1,474 46,689,373 30,460,283 15,111,648 14,644,266 1,051,609 65,833 Percent 7 ....................................... 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Under 100 .......................................... 10.44 6.29 15.81 9.15 42.70 66.10 0.91 0.64 1.00 0.62 6.26 20.97 100 to 199 ......................................... 9.56 8.72 10.68 9.84 16.78 13.86 2.74 2.77 2.22 1.84 8.64 15.31 200 to 299 ......................................... 11.26 12.39 8.25 8.34 9.41 8.80 5.44 6.58 2.89 2.64 8.17 17.23 300 to 399 ......................................... 13.27 15.54 7.71 8.20 7.24 5.81 8.90 11.40 3.81 3.65 8.96 16.08 400 to 499 ......................................... 13.18 15.93 6.62 7.21 5.36 2.43 11.36 15.01 4.20 4.12 8.52 8.67 500 to 599 ......................................... 11.23 13.32 6.38 7.06 4.69 0.94 11.79 15.29 4.96 4.94 9.08 4.05 600 to 699 ......................................... 8.44 9.71 5.61 6.22 4.05 0.75 10.48 13.17 5.16 5.13 9.33 4.01 700 to 799 ......................................... 6.05 6.61 5.21 5.80 2.14 0.00 8.66 10.35 5.52 5.53 5.65 0.00 800 to 999 ......................................... 7.04 6.84 8.43 9.49 3.51 0.75 12.00 12.67 10.73 10.85 11.12 5.28 1,000 to 1,499 ................................... 6.03 4.04 12.71 14.37 2.68 0.19 13.83 9.85 22.10 22.46 11.29 2.10 1,500 to 1,999 ................................... 2.06 0.51 6.97 7.92 0.72 0.19 6.78 1.78 17.05 17.41 4.39 2.96 2,000 to 2,999 ................................... 1.21 0.09 4.69 5.35 0.43 0.19 5.45 0.43 15.70 16.09 3.72 3.36 3,000 or more .................................... 0.24 0.01 0.92 1.04 0.29 0.00 1.66 0.07 4.65 4.72 4.87 0.00 Average enrollment 7 ......................... 521 477 706 785 282 123 521 477 706 785 282 123 1 These enrollment data should be regarded as approximations only. Totals differ from those reported in other tables because this table represents data reported by schools rather than by states or school districts. Percent distribution and average enrollment calculations exclude data for schools not reporting enrollment. 2 Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not classified by grade span. 3 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. 4 Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. 5 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above.

6 Excludes special education schools, vocational schools, and alternative schools.

7 Data are for schools reporting their enrollment size.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared October 2001.) 121 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: SCHOOLS Table 97.   Average size and distribution of enrollment of public elementary and secondary schools, by type: 1982   83 to 1999   2000 Year Average enrollment size of schools, by type Percentage distribution of schools, by size of enrollment Total 1 Elementary 2 Secondary 3 Combined elementary/ secondary 4 Other 1 Under 200 200 to 299 300 to 399 400 to 499 500 to 599 600 to 699 700 to 999 1000 or more All schools Regular schools 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1982   83 ................................................ 478 399 719   478 142 21.9 13.8 15.5 13.1 10.2 7.1 10.2 8.3 1983   84 ................................................ 480 401 720   475 145 21.7 13.7 15.5 13.2 10.2 7.1 10.3 8.3 1984   85 ................................................ 482 403 721   476 146 21.5 13.6 15.5 13.2 10.3 7.1 10.4 8.4 1987   88 ................................................ 490 424 695 711 420 122 20.3 12.9 14.9 13.8 11.1 7.8 11.2 8.0 1988   89 ................................................ 494 433 689 697 412 142 20.0 12.5 14.7 13.8 11.4 8.0 11.6 8.0 1989   90 ................................................ 493 441 669 689 402 142 19.8 12.2 14.5 13.7 11.5 8.3 12.0 7.9 1990   91 ................................................ 497 449 663 684 398 150 19.7 11.9 14.2 13.6 11.7 8.5 12.3 8.1 1991   92 ................................................ 507 458 677 717 407 152 19.1 11.7 14.1 13.5 11.8 8.6 12.8 8.5 1992   93 ................................................ 513 464 688 733 423 135 18.6 11.6 13.9 13.5 11.9 8.7 13.1 8.7 1993   94 ................................................ 518 468 693 748 418 136 18.6 11.5 13.6 13.5 11.7 8.8 13.3 9.0 1994   95 ................................................ 520 471 696 759 412 131 18.6 11.4 13.6 13.4 11.8 8.7 13.3 9.2 1995   96 ................................................ 525 476 703 771 401 136 18.5 11.2 13.5 13.4 11.8 8.8 13.4 9.4 1996   97 ................................................ 527 478 703 777 387 135 18.7 11.3 13.2 13.2 11.8 8.8 13.6 9.5 1997   98 ................................................ 525 478 699 779 374 121 19.3 11.2 13.1 13.3 11.6 8.6 13.4 9.6 1998   99 ................................................ 524 478 707 786 290 135 19.6 11.2 13.1 13.2 11.5 8.5 13.3 9.6 1999   2000 ............................................ 521 477 706 785 282 123 20.0 11.3 13.3 13.2 11.2 8.4 13.1 9.5   Not available.

1 Includes special education, alternative, and other schools not classified by grade span.

2 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8.

3 Includes schools with no grade lower than 7.

4 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above. 5 Excludes special education schools, vocational schools, and alternative schools.

NOTE: Data reflect reports by schools rather than by states or school districts. Percent distribution and average enrollment calculations exclude data for schools not reporting enrollment. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared July 2001.)

Table 98.   Public elementary and secondary school students, by racial/ ethnic enrollment concentration of school: Fall 1994 and fall 1999 Racial/ ethnic group Distribution of students in racial/ ethnic group, by percent minority of school Distribution of students in each racial/ ethnic group, by percent of that racial/ ethnic group in the school Total Less than 10 percent minority 10 to 24 percent minority 25 to 49 percent minority 50 to 74 percent minority 75 to 89 percent minority 90 percent or more minority Total Less than 10 percent of group 10 to 24 percent of group 25 to 49 percent of group 50 to 74 percent of group 75 to 89 percent of group 90 percent or more of group 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Number of students enrolled, 1994 Total ............................................................. 43,787,599 14,660,071 8,021,494 8,181,588 5,359,329 2,695,150 4,869,967               White ............................................................... 28,639,089 14,089,859 6,679,828 5,205,779 2,058,480 469,651 135,492 28,639,089 135,190 467,293 2,046,901 5,208,699 6,679,483 14,101,523 Minority ............................................................ 15,148,510 570,212 1,341,666 2,975,809 3,300,849 2,225,499 4,734,475               Black ............................................................ 7,349,256 200,204 598,953 1,593,323 1,616,631 874,969 2,465,176 7,349,256 640,050 1,107,693 1,855,605 1,351,491 787,842 1,606,575 Hispanic ....................................................... 5,718,169 171,364 397,282 904,139 1,237,383 1,034,946 1,973,055 5,718,169 622,335 810,718 1,311,576 1,286,454 822,305 864,781 Asian/ Pacific Islander .................................................... 1,597,229 143,663 252,372 356,352 371,521 280,626 192,695 1,597,229 681,953 412,828 297,431 128,233 65,505 11,279 American Indian/ Alaskan Native ......................................... 483,856 54,981 93,059 121,995 75,314 34,958 103,549 483,856 213,277 73,334 63,875 34,136 13,881 85,353 Number of students enrolled, 1999 Total ............................................................. 45,537,874 13,141,470 8,534,984 8,592,822 5,843,330 3,343,979 6,081,289               White ............................................................... 28,137,113 12,594,720 7,102,808 5,451,173 2,234,767 574,416 179,229 28,137,113 178,395 573,557 2,223,628 5,451,594 7,099,379 12,610,560 Minority ............................................................ 17,400,761 546,750 1,432,176 3,141,649 3,608,563 2,769,563 5,902,060               Black ............................................................ 7,769,814 181,646 571,543 1,507,985 1,629,443 1,024,102 2,855,095 7,769,814 713,608 1,177,285 1,899,260 1,362,305 848,824 1,768,532 Hispanic ....................................................... 7,232,942 179,141 473,821 1,069,576 1,475,328 1,359,128 2,675,948 7,232,942 715,450 982,483 1,611,509 1,651,005 1,086,227 1,186,268 Asian/ Pacific Islander .................................................... 1,864,825 134,761 286,953 423,818 413,876 341,153 264,264 1,864,825 774,882 506,473 320,623 166,635 81,173 15,039 American Indian/ Alaskan Native ......................................... 533,180 51,202 99,859 140,270 89,916 45,180 106,753 533,180 244,528 83,022 70,232 40,242 15,890 79,266 Percent of students enrolled, 1994 Total ............................................................. 100.0 33.5 18.3 18.7 12.2 6.2 11.1               White ............................................................... 100.0 49.2 23.3 18.2 7.2 1.6 0.5 100.0 0.5 1.6 7.1 18.2 23.3 49.2 Minority ............................................................ 100.0 3.8 8.9 19.6 21.8 14.7 31.3               Black ............................................................ 100.0 2.7 8.1 21.7 22.0 11.9 33.5 100.0 8.7 15.1 25.2 18.4 10.7 21.9 Hispanic ....................................................... 100.0 3.0 6.9 15.8 21.6 18.1 34.5 100.0 10.9 14.2 22.9 22.5 14.4 15.1 Asian/ Pacific Islander .................................................... 100.0 9.0 15.8 22.3 23.3 17.6 12.1 100.0 42.7 25.8 18.6 8.0 4.1 0.7 American Indian/ Alaskan Native ......................................... 100.0 11.4 19.2 25.2 15.6 7.2 21.4 100.0 44.1 15.2 13.2 7.1 2.9 17.6 Percent of students enrolled, 1999 Total ............................................................. 100.0 28.9 18.7 18.9 12.8 7.3 13.4               White ............................................................... 100.0 44.8 25.2 19.4 7.9 2.0 0.6 100.0 0.6 2.0 7.9 19.4 25.2 44.8 Minority ............................................................ 100.0 3.1 8.2 18.1 20.7 15.9 33.9               Black ............................................................ 100.0 2.3 7.4 19.4 21.0 13.2 36.7 100.0 9.2 15.2 24.4 17.5 10.9 22.8 Hispanic ....................................................... 100.0 2.5 6.6 14.8 20.4 18.8 37.0 100.0 9.9 13.6 22.3 22.8 15.0 16.4 Asian/ Pacific Islander .................................................... 100.0 7.2 15.4 22.7 22.2 18.3 14.2 100.0 41.6 27.2 17.2 8.9 4.4 0.8 American Indian/ Alaskan Native ......................................... 100.0 9.6 18.7 26.3 16.9 8.5 20.0 100.0 45.9 15.6 13.2 7.5 3.0 14.9   Not available.

NOTE: Data reflect racial/ ethnic data reported by schools. Because some schools do not report complete racial/ ethnic data, totals may differ from figures in other tables. Excludes 1999 data for Idaho and Tennessee because racial/ ethnic data were not reported. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 122 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: SCHOOLS Table 99.   Public elementary and secondary schools, by type and state: 1990   91 to 1999   2000 State or other area Total, all schools, 1990   91 Total, all schools, 1995   96 Total, all schools, 1998   99 Number of schools, 1999   2000 Total Elementary 1 Secondary 2 Combined elementary/ secondary 3 Other 4 Alternative 5 Special education 5 Oneteacher schools 6 Total Prekindergarten

kindergarten or 1st grade to grade 12 Other schools ending with grade 12 Other combined schools 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 United States ................ 84,538 87,125 90,874 92,012 64,131 22,365 4,042 2,220 1,338 484 1,474 4,115 1,947 423 Alabama ............................. 1,297 1,319 1,516 1,516 913 410 193 145 38 10 0 76 32 0 Alaska ................................ 498 495 502 502 201 90 211 198 4 9 0 22 1 22 Arizona ............................... 1,049 1,133 1,570 1,641 1,086 403 123 81 31 11 29 84 14 6 Arkansas ............................ 1,098 1,098 1,109 1,123 707 409 7 1 4 2 0 4 0 0 California ............................ 7,913 7,876 8,343 8,578 6,181 2,057 340 317 20 3 0 1,035 127 46 Colorado ............................ 1,344 1,486 1,560 1,587 1,143 373 57 25 26 6 14 80 13 3 Connecticut ........................ 985 1,045 1,104 1,086 821 212 40 14 4 22 13 47 30 0 Delaware ............................ 173 181 201 185 124 43 17 14 2 1 1 4 16 0 District of Columbia ........... 181 186 164 189 132 41 3 1 1 1 13 6 10 0 Florida ................................ 2,516 2,760 3,111 3,209 2,145 471 593 297 284 12 0 127 130 4 Georgia .............................. 1,734 1,763 1,843 1,887 1,507 317 63 13 46 4 0 23 1 0 Hawaii ................................ 235 246 254 256 196 50 9 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 Idaho .................................. 582 618 660 668 410 226 32 27 4 1 0 66 12 10 Illinois ................................. 4,239 4,142 4,302 4,332 3,169 1,021 126 52 49 25 16 128 262 1 Indiana ............................... 1,915 1,924 1,958 1,960 1,410 463 54 17 33 4 33 67 39 0 Iowa ................................... 1,588 1,556 1,555 1,535 1,057 437 35 1 33 1 6 39 10 5 Kansas ............................... 1,477 1,487 1,437 1,440 1,010 425 4 1 2 1 1 0 5 1 Kentucky ............................ 1,400 1,402 1,534 1,526 1,015 441 52 9 42 1 18 75 13 0 Louisiana ........................... 1,533 1,470 1,510 1,533 1,030 336 143 88 34 21 24 99 29 0 Maine ................................. 747 726 720 719 539 163 17 12 5 0 0 0 3 11 Maryland ............................ 1,220 1,276 1,357 1,374 1,071 244 33 13 10 10 26 62 51 1 Massachusetts ................... 1,842 1,850 1,900 1,904 1,510 348 36 19 10 7 10 35 5 0 Michigan ............................ 3,313 3,748 3,914 3,927 2,646 866 137 80 41 16 278 85 152 12 Minnesota .......................... 1,590 2,157 2,348 2,361 1,252 717 139 44 64 31 253 354 200 7 Mississippi ......................... 972 1,011 1,015 1,016 576 315 100 67 32 1 25 52 0 0 Missouri ............................. 2,199 2,256 2,328 2,355 1,548 646 105 46 54 5 56 77 63 0 Montana ............................. 900 894 886 882 517 365 0 0 0 0 0 5 2 82 Nebraska ........................... 1,506 1,411 1,352 1,345 974 350 21 8 8 5 0 0 61 83 Nevada .............................. 354 423 469 491 354 117 10 4 5 1 10 31 14 11 New Hampshire ................. 439 460 516 521 425 96 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Jersey ........................ 2,272 2,279 2,318 2,383 1,855 438 11 2 5 4 79 0 85 0 New Mexico ....................... 681 721 746 760 552 194 14 6 8 0 0 41 17 3 New York ........................... 4,010 4,149 4,230 4,286 3,081 940 155 83 53 19 110 86 28 0 North Carolina ................... 1,955 1,985 2,106 2,165 1,688 370 105 38 51 16 2 59 26 1 North Dakota ..................... 663 613 595 590 343 212 4 3 1 0 31 0 31 6 Ohio ................................... 3,731 3,865 3,852 3,894 2,775 988 58 29 24 5 73 47 29 2 Oklahoma .......................... 1,880 1,830 1,825 1,817 1,219 588 5 5 0 0 5 3 13 2 Oregon ............................... 1,199 1,216 1,275 1,277 924 264 42 36 6 0 47 87 16 9 Pennsylvania ..................... 3,260 3,182 3,205 3,230 2,383 789 40 5 17 18 18 13 12 1 Rhode Island ..................... 309 310 318 318 258 56 2 2 0 0 2 6 4 0 South Carolina ................... 1,097 1,095 1,101 1,111 811 282 15 7 6 2 3 17 8 1 South Dakota ..................... 802 824 778 771 466 288 14 10 4 0 3 24 7 42 Tennessee ......................... 1,543 1,563 1,589 1,613 1,172 368 64 40 20 4 9 14 20 0 Texas ................................. 5,991 6,638 7,228 7,395 4,899 1,995 501 217 136 148 0 574 140 4 Utah ................................... 714 735 769 788 509 250 14 4 8 2 15 57 21 5 Vermont ............................. 397 384 395 396 284 71 41 36 4 1 0 1 61 3 Virginia ............................... 1,811 1,889 1,918 1,929 1,438 399 22 4 13 5 70 75 36 0 Washington ........................ 1,936 2,124 2,234 2,281 1,386 588 139 62 44 33 168 218 69 23 West Virginia ..................... 1,015 877 857 853 620 193 31 9 15 7 9 26 11 0 Wisconsin .......................... 2,018 2,037 2,109 2,118 1,532 533 53 14 32 7 0 67 9 1 Wyoming ............................ 415 410 388 389 267 107 12 7 4 1 3 16 5 14 Bureau of Indian Affairs .....     188 189 108 26 52 45 3 4 3 0 0 7 26 Department of Defense dependents schools: Domestic schools .......       71 60 7 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 Overseas schools .......   171 155 156 105 40 11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Outlying areas American Samoa ............... 30 31 31 31 24 6 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Guam ................................. 35 35 37 38 34 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Northern Marianas ............. 26 24 26 26 23 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Puerto Rico ........................ 1,619 1,561 1,538 1,531 919 381 203 9 5 189 28 25 28 0 Virgin Islands ..................... 33 34 36 36 23 12 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0   Not available.

1 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8.

2 Includes schools with no grade lower than 7.

3 Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and ending with grade 9 or above.

4 Includes schools not classified by grade span. 5 Schools are also included under elementary, secondary, combined, or other as appropriate 6 Data for one teacher schools are included in other columns where appropriate. 7 Data are for 1998   99.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared October 2001.) 123 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: SCHOOLS Table 100.   Public elementary schools, by grade span and average school size, by state: 1999   2000 State or other area Total, all elementary schools Total, all regular elementary schools 1 Schools, by grade span Average number of students per school 2 Prekindergarten kindergarten, or 1st grade to grades 3 or 4 Prekindergarten kindergarten, or 1st grade to grade 5 Prekindergarten kindergarten, or 1st grade to grade 6 Prekindergarten kindergarten or 1st grade to grade 8 Grades 4, 5, or 6 to 6, 7, or 8 Other grade spans All elementary schools Regular elementary schools 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States ........... 64,131 63,219 4,977 22,263 14,015 4,740 11,521 6,615 477 482 Alabama ....................... 913 901 84 272 187 79 195 96 485 487 Alaska ........................... 201 199 5 26 112 27 19 12 331 333 Arizona ......................... 1,086 1,059 62 223 314 249 152 86 520 524 Arkansas ...................... 707 706 101 128 272 4 121 81 382 382 California ...................... 6,181 6,050 189 1,877 2,457 629 839 190 624 636 Colorado ....................... 1,143 1,140 36 530 240 27 226 84 413 414 Connecticut .................. 821 808 85 318 127 45 152 94 463 469 Delaware ...................... 124 122 43 16 6 1 30 28 567 571 District of Columbia ...... 132 132 8 22 76 10 13 3 406 406 Florida .......................... 2,145 2,145 37 1,375 146 32 456 99 768 768 Georgia ......................... 1,507 1,505 27 845 122 17 328 168 667 667 Hawaii ........................... 196 195 1 53 113 7 21 1 604 607 Idaho ............................ 410 407 36 91 167 19 65 32 357 359 Illinois ........................... 3,169 3,057 337 673 506 726 494 433 433 444 Indiana .......................... 1,410 1,398 72 606 382 24 252 74 455 458 Iowa .............................. 1,057 1,055 99 331 246 18 217 146 289 290 Kansas ......................... 1,010 1,006 68 304 271 110 175 82 289 290 Kentucky ....................... 1,015 1,003 47 437 199 86 188 58 430 433 Louisiana ...................... 1,030 1,010 109 310 197 76 221 117 466 472 Maine ............................ 539 538 71 87 90 108 90 93 250 251 Maryland ....................... 1,071 1,035 17 622 144 23 207 58 547 560 Massachusetts ............. 1,510 1,501 199 498 221 83 268 241 437 438 Michigan ....................... 2,646 2,646 225 1,080 468 106 502 265 413 413 Minnesota ..................... 1,252 1,137 121 300 420 39 204 168 414 448 Mississippi .................... 576 575 79 108 129 45 124 91 530 530 Missouri ........................ 1,548 1,536 131 499 351 107 290 170 383 385 Montana ....................... 517 514 19 69 240 118 44 27 179 180 Nebraska ...................... 974 921 11 9 12 21 61 860 177 185 Nevada ......................... 354 350 13 156 93 18 54 20 640 646 New Hampshire ............ 425 425 50 111 52 48 73 91 329 329 New Jersey .................. 1,855 1,848 280 525 222 249 344 235 475 476 New Mexico .................. 552 541 28 191 160 6 107 60 376 381 New York ...................... 3,081 3,078 256 1,079 637 107 588 414 611 611 North Carolina .............. 1,688 1,674 71 939 75 109 397 97 539 542 North Dakota ................ 343 343 11 37 206 53 22 14 184 184 Ohio .............................. 2,775 2,756 367 834 706 95 526 247 422 423 Oklahoma ..................... 1,219 1,210 61 350 179 298 218 113 345 346 Oregon ......................... 924 903 50 404 180 77 177 36 379 385 Pennsylvania ................ 2,383 2,381 307 876 530 75 436 159 481 481 Rhode Island ................ 258 256 36 98 48 4 42 30 415 416 South Carolina ............. 811 810 81 356 89 24 208 53 567 567 South Dakota ............... 466 463 24 99 118 124 73 28 178 179 Tennessee .................... 1,172 1,169 131 359 178 217 212 75 517 517 Texas ............................ 4,899 4,821 534 1,850 736 88 1,086 605 535 543 Utah .............................. 509 504 16 102 328 5 39 19 524 526 Vermont ........................ 284 247 18 23 114 65 17 47 218 245 Virginia ......................... 1,438 1,428 62 770 157 12 290 147 533 536 Washington .................. 1,386 1,322 70 494 439 63 225 95 439 456 West Virginia ................ 620 616 80 194 176 46 95 29 303 304 Wisconsin ..................... 1,532 1,507 97 651 256 99 301 128 364 368 Wyoming ...................... 267 266 15 56 121 22 37 16 196 196 Bureau of Indian Affairs 108 108 8 4 26 64 3 3 235 235 Department of Defense dependents schools: Domestic schools .. 60 60 15 18 6 2 10 9 476 476 Overseas schools 105 105 8 8 52 8 16 3 491 491 Outlying areas American Samoa .......... 24 24 1 0 0 21 1 1 496 496 Guam ............................ 34 34 0 23 0 0 7 4 708 708 Northern Marianas ....... 23 23 0 0 10 0 1 12 316 316 Puerto Rico .................. 919 888 83 20 760 4 29 23 312 312 Virgin Islands ................ 23 23 0 1 22 0 0 0 483 483 1 Excludes special education and alternative schools. 2 Average for schools reporting enrollment data.

NOTE: Includes schools beginning with grade 6 or below and with no grade higher than 8. Excludes schools not reported by grade level, such as some special education schools for the disabled. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared June 2001.) 124 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: SCHOOLS Table 101.   Public secondary schools, by grade span and average school size, by state: 1999   2000 State or other area Total, all secondary schools Total, all regular secondary schools 1 Schools, by grade span Vocational schools 2 Average number of students per school 3 Grades 7 to 8 and 7 to 9 Grades 7 to 12 Grades 8 to 12 Grades 9 to 12 Grades 10 to 12 Other spans ending with grade 12 Other grade spans All secondary schools Regular secondary schools 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States ........... 22,365 18,784 3,566 3,309 377 13,148 766 260 939 1,048 706 785 Alabama ....................... 410 297 34 108 7 212 36 8 5 81 667 695 Alaska ........................... 90 75 15 28 1 44 1 0 1 2 491 554 Arizona ......................... 403 366 78 31 2 273 10 1 8 13 757 799 Arkansas ....................... 409 406 55 200 4 65 57 2 26 1 441 443 California ...................... 2,057 1,292 412 181 4 1,395 41 5 19 0 955 1,442 Colorado ....................... 373 311 49 65 6 234 10 2 7 8 625 712 Connecticut ................... 212 176 28 11 2 162 2 1 6 17 792 884 Delaware ...................... 43 36 11 1 0 31 0 0 0 5 938 969 District of Columbia ...... 41 38 10 2 0 29 0 0 0 0 492 521 Florida ........................... 471 435 25 38 11 371 5 3 18 36 1,396 1,483 Georgia ......................... 317 301 18 6 10 276 3 0 4 0 1,174 1,231 Hawaii ........................... 50 48 12 9 0 27 0 0 2 0 1,285 1,334 Idaho ............................. 226 163 47 58 5 93 18 0 5 0 437 561 Illinois ............................ 1,021 819 195 67 26 622 13 36 62 26 630 738 Indiana .......................... 463 405 73 102 0 253 5 1 29 29 792 828 Iowa .............................. 437 403 63 96 0 267 9 0 2 0 414 440 Kansas .......................... 425 425 65 86 2 261 7 2 2 0 407 407 Kentucky ....................... 441 309 36 86 4 305 3 5 2 91 621 682 Louisiana ...................... 336 288 63 46 17 195 3 1 11 15 709 776 Maine ............................ 163 136 26 12 1 122 0 1 1 27 523 523 Maryland ....................... 244 188 25 2 5 187 4 2 19 26 1,089 1,261 Massachusetts .............. 348 289 40 40 14 244 3 2 5 42 834 886 Michigan ....................... 866 831 115 113 15 537 23 11 52 35 682 684 Minnesota ..................... 717 511 87 249 34 227 63 30 27 0 466 629 Mississippi .................... 315 223 35 66 6 175 22 2 9 86 670 670 Missouri ........................ 646 572 63 198 7 334 24 9 11 61 540 541 Montana ........................ 365 361 188 0 0 175 1 0 1 0 180 182 Nebraska ...................... 350 349 41 202 2 88 11 1 5 0 341 342 Nevada ......................... 117 90 17 19 2 66 4 4 5 3 853 1,045 New Hampshire ............ 96 96 18 0 0 77 1 0 0 0 699 699 New Jersey ................... 438 388 65 37 9 262 5 1 59 48 899 967 New Mexico .................. 194 161 42 34 1 101 9 0 7 0 602 693 New York ...................... 940 838 108 181 8 560 26 0 57 25 939 981 North Carolina .............. 370 347 22 14 4 318 6 1 5 8 954 994 North Dakota ................ 212 205 14 139 4 41 4 1 9 7 242 242 Ohio .............................. 988 897 196 125 17 576 20 40 14 77 724 724 Oklahoma ..................... 588 587 111 0 0 391 67 2 17 0 352 352 Oregon .......................... 264 240 40 26 7 185 4 1 1 0 689 749 Pennsylvania ................ 789 706 104 159 14 380 36 9 87 80 873 879 Rhode Island ................ 56 47 10 2 0 43 0 0 1 4 875 1,003 South Carolina .............. 282 229 33 20 6 197 14 9 3 40 918 918 South Dakota ................ 288 273 102 1 0 182 3 0 0 4 169 172 Tennessee .................... 368 335 50 42 3 252 15 1 5 27 823 843 Texas ............................ 1,995 1,529 343 210 44 1,117 35 27 219 21 638 813 Utah .............................. 250 202 86 34 8 47 61 3 11 0 834 1,006 Vermont ........................ 71 56 8 23 0 40 0 0 0 14 629 640 Virginia .......................... 399 328 34 12 40 248 9 3 53 45 1,037 1,108 Washington ................... 588 440 119 54 19 303 39 22 32 9 621 797 West Virginia ................ 193 151 36 20 3 112 14 1 7 34 606 646 Wisconsin ..................... 533 490 66 49 2 387 12 10 7 1 568 612 Wyoming ....................... 107 96 33 5 1 59 8 0 1 0 361 393 Bureau of Indian Affairs ....................... 26 26 1 8 0 17 0 0 0 0 282 282 Department of Defense dependents schools: Domestic schools .. 7 7 2 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 529 529 Overseas schools .. 40 40 3 25 0 12 0 0 0 0 464 464 Outlying areas American Samoa .......... 6 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 1 589 650 Guam ............................ 4 4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 2,200 2,200 Northern Marianas ........ 3 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 746 746 Puerto Rico ................... 381 362 186 29 1 4 150 0 11 12 591 595 Virgin Islands ................ 12 9 7 0 0 4 1 0 0 1 862 1,040 1 Excludes vocational, special education, and alternative schools.

2 Vocational schools are also included under appropriate grade span.

3 Average for schools reporting enrollment data. NOTE: Includes schools with no grade lower than 7. Excludes schools not reported by level, such as special education schools for the disabled.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared October 2001.) 125 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: SCHOOLS Table 102.   Percent of public schools with building deficiencies and renovation plans, by level, enrollment size, metropolitan status, and free lunch eligibility: 1999 Type of school condition All public schools Instructional level 1 Size of school enrollment Metropolitan status Percent of students eligible for free or reduced price lunch Elementary Secondary Less than 300 300 to 599 600 or more Central city Urban fringe/

large town Rural/ small town Less than 20 percent 20 to 39 percent 40 to 69 percent 70 percent or more 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Estimated number of schools 2 ....................... 78,313 ( 632) 59,940   15,505   18,095   31,942   28,275   21,294   27,846   29,173   21,216   20,915   20,947   15,234   Estimated enrollment, in thousands ............... 45,000 ( 575)                                                 Percent of schools with temporary buildings ...... 39 ( 2.0) 40 ( 2.5) 37 ( 2.9) 21 ( 4.3) 39 ( 3.1) 50 ( 2.5) 45 ( 3.6) 44 ( 3.1) 29 ( 2.9) 35 ( 3.3) 36 ( 3.0) 42 ( 3.7) 43 ( 4.6)

Percent of buildings in less than adequate condition Original buildings ................................................. 19 ( 1.6) 19 ( 1.8) 21 ( 2.3) 22 ( 3.8) 19 ( 2.4) 18 ( 2.0) 20 ( 2.7) 18 ( 2.6) 19 ( 2.5) 20 ( 3.1) 18 ( 2.4) 16 ( 2.5) 25 ( 4.2)

Permanent additions ........................................... 16 ( 1.8) 17 ( 2.1) 14 ( 2.5) 16 ( 3.5) 17 ( 2.7) 14 ( 2.4) 18 ( 3.6) 17 ( 2.8) 14 ( 2.5) 8 ( 2.3) 13 ( 3.3) 16 ( 3.2) 30 ( 5.1)

Temporary buildings ............................................ 19 ( 2.2) 18 ( 2.4) 21 ( 4.5)     22 ( 3.5) 20 ( 3.0) 19 ( 3.8) 18 ( 3.4) 19 ( 4.1) 17 ( 4.4) 16 ( 3.9) 19 ( 3.3) 25 ( 5.3)

Percent of schools with building features rated as less than adequate At least one feature less than adequate ............. 50 ( 1.5) 49 ( 1.9) 56 ( 3.0) 55 ( 4.6) 50 ( 2.9) 49 ( 2.3) 56 ( 3.7) 44 ( 3.2) 52 ( 2.6) 45 ( 3.4) 45 ( 3.7) 53 ( 3.3) 63 ( 4.5)

Roofs ................................................................ 22 ( 1.7) 22 ( 1.9) 26 ( 3.1) 24 ( 3.8) 22 ( 2.9) 22 ( 1.9) 23 ( 3.2) 19 ( 2.6) 25 ( 2.9) 18 ( 2.9) 21 ( 2.8) 22 ( 2.9) 32 ( 4.6)

Framing, floors, and foundations ..................... 14 ( 1.3) 14 ( 1.6) 16 ( 2.2) 19 ( 3.1) 12 ( 2.3) 14 ( 1.8) 12 ( 2.5) 13 ( 1.9) 17 ( 2.5) 14 ( 2.4) 11 ( 2.3) 16 ( 2.3) 17 ( 3.9)

Exterior walls, finishes, windows, doors .......... 24 ( 1.5) 23 ( 1.9) 27 ( 2.7) 31 ( 3.9) 21 ( 2.6) 23 ( 1.8) 27 ( 3.1) 21 ( 2.5) 25 ( 3.0) 21 ( 2.6) 21 ( 2.8) 25 ( 2.6) 30 ( 4.4)

Interior finishes, trim ........................................ 17 ( 1.4) 17 ( 1.7) 20 ( 2.3) 20 ( 3.2) 16 ( 2.4) 18 ( 2.1) 20 ( 3.2) 16 ( 2.1) 17 ( 2.4) 17 ( 2.5) 14 ( 2.4) 14 ( 2.6) 26 ( 4.2)

Plumbing .......................................................... 25 ( 1.7) 24 ( 1.9) 28 ( 2.7) 28 ( 4.4) 27 ( 3.2) 20 ( 2.1) 28 ( 3.4) 21 ( 2.3) 26 ( 2.5) 23 ( 3.1) 23 ( 2.8) 23 ( 3.4) 32 ( 4.3)

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning ................ 29 ( 1.5) 28 ( 1.8) 34 ( 2.5) 29 ( 3.8) 32 ( 2.9) 26 ( 1.8) 30 ( 3.0) 27 ( 2.5) 31 ( 2.7) 28 ( 3.0) 26 ( 2.7) 29 ( 2.8) 35 ( 4.2)

Electric power .................................................. 22 ( 1.4) 21 ( 1.8) 25 ( 2.6) 23 ( 3.5) 21 ( 2.9) 22 ( 1.8) 26 ( 2.9) 21 ( 2.2) 19 ( 2.4) 18 ( 2.5) 20 ( 2.4) 21 ( 2.6) 30 ( 4.6)

Electrical lighting .............................................. 17 ( 1.5) 17 ( 1.9) 19 ( 2.3) 19 ( 3.2) 17 ( 2.7) 16 ( 1.8) 18 ( 2.7) 15 ( 2.0) 20 ( 2.3) 14 ( 2.1) 15 ( 2.3) 18 ( 2.7) 24 ( 5.2)

Life safety features .......................................... 20 ( 1.3) 19 ( 1.6) 22 ( 2.8) 26 ( 4.1) 21 ( 2.4) 16 ( 1.7) 21 ( 2.9) 17 ( 2.1) 23 ( 2.9) 16 ( 2.6) 18 ( 2.1) 22 ( 3.3) 27 ( 3.5)

Percent of schools needing to spend money to bring schools into good overall condition .... 76 ( 1.5) 75 ( 1.7) 79 ( 2.8) 82 ( 3.6) 74 ( 2.3) 74 ( 2.0) 81 ( 2.7) 70 ( 3.1) 78 ( 2.1) 73 ( 3.2) 73 ( 3.2) 77 ( 2.7) 84 ( 3.4)

Cost per student for all schools .......................... $ 2,900 ( 159) $ 2,500 ( 159) $ 3,400 ( 379) $ 3,900 ( 602) $ 3,300 ( 376) $ 2,500 ( 220) $ 2,900 ( 327) $ 2,600 ( 251) $ 3,300 ( 339) $ 2,900 ( 292) $ 2,800 ( 301) $ 3,000 ( 424) $ 2,600 ( 325)

Cost per student for schools needing to spend money ................................ $ 3,800 ( 192) $ 3,500 ( 217) $ 4,300 ( 442) $ 4,800 ( 702) $ 4,600 ( 503) $ 3,300 ( 288) $ 3,500 ( 384) $ 3,800 ( 335) $ 4,400 ( 442) $ 4,100 ( 427) $ 3,900 ( 383) $ 3,900 ( 509) $ 3,200 ( 366)

Percent of schools rating environment factors as unsatisfactory At least one factor is unsatisfactory .................... 43 ( 1.6) 41 ( 2.1) 48 ( 2.8) 45 ( 4.6) 46 ( 3.0) 39 ( 2.0) 47 ( 3.8) 37 ( 2.9) 47 ( 2.9) 38 ( 3.4) 42 ( 3.2) 41 ( 3.6) 55 ( 4.4)

Lighting ........................................................... 12 ( 1.4) 12 ( 1.8) 12 ( 2.0) 12 ( 2.9) 14 ( 2.4) 10 ( 1.4) 14 ( 2.6) 11 ( 1.7) 12 ( 2.2) 8 ( 2.0) 13 ( 2.4) 10 ( 2.2) 19 ( 4.0)

Heating ........................................................... 17 ( 1.3) 16 ( 1.6) 19 ( 2.5) 16 ( 3.3) 18 ( 2.5) 16 ( 1.6) 18 ( 2.6) 16 ( 2.1) 16 ( 2.2) 17 ( 2.7) 15 ( 2.1) 18 ( 2.7) 18 ( 3.2)

Ventilation ....................................................... 26 ( 1.4) 25 ( 1.7) 31 ( 2.8) 27 ( 3.9) 31 ( 2.8) 21 ( 2.1) 30 ( 3.2) 20 ( 2.8) 29 ( 2.9) 24 ( 3.2) 29 ( 2.8) 24 ( 2.9) 29 ( 3.2)

Indoor air quality ............................................. 18 ( 1.3) 18 ( 1.6) 18 ( 2.4) 19 ( 3.4) 20 ( 2.3) 16 ( 1.7) 22 ( 3.2) 13 ( 2.3) 21 ( 2.4) 14 ( 2.3) 20 ( 3.0) 17 ( 2.6) 24 ( 3.5)

Acoustics or noise control .............................. 18 ( 1.1) 17 ( 1.4) 20 ( 2.8) 22 ( 3.8) 19 ( 2.2) 12 ( 1.9) 20 ( 2.6) 13 ( 1.9) 21 ( 2.7) 14 ( 2.3) 18 ( 2.6) 15 ( 2.5) 25 ( 3.8)

Physical security of buildings ......................... 20 ( 1.2) 17 ( 1.5) 26 ( 3.1) 21 ( 3.6) 21 ( 2.4) 18 ( 1.7) 14 ( 2.6) 17 ( 2.1) 26 ( 2.7) 17 ( 2.0) 22 ( 2.7) 21 ( 3.0) 17 ( 3.6)

Average years since original construction .......... 40 ( 0.8) 40 ( 1.0) 40 ( 1.6) 43 ( 1.7) 42 ( 1.5) 35 ( 1.0) 42 ( 1.2) 37 ( 1.1) 41 ( 1.5) 38 ( 1.6) 38 ( 1.6) 40 ( 1.4) 44 ( 1.7)

Average years since most recent renovation ..... 11 ( 0.6) 11 ( 0.6) 11 ( 0.9) 15 ( 1.4) 11 ( 1.0) 9 ( 0.6) 12 ( 1.2) 10 ( 0.8) 12 ( 0.9) 11 ( 1.0) 11 ( 1.0) 11 ( 1.0) 11 ( 1.5)

Average functional age 3 of school ..................... 16 ( 0.6) 16 ( 0.8) 15 ( 0.8) 20 ( 1.6) 15 ( 1.1) 14 ( 0.8) 17 ( 1.3) 14 ( 0.8) 16 ( 1.1) 14 ( 1.0) 16 ( 1.1) 14 ( 1.1) 19 ( 1.6)

Distribution, by functional age 3 ......................... 100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   Less than 5 years old ...................................... 32 ( 1.5) 30 ( 1.6) 37 ( 2.7) 25 ( 4.1) 32 ( 2.7) 37 ( 2.4) 30 ( 3.6) 34 ( 2.9) 32 ( 2.9) 32 ( 3.4) 30 ( 2.9) 37 ( 3.8) 30 ( 4.0)

5 to 14 years old .............................................. 28 ( 1.5) 30 ( 1.9) 24 ( 2.8) 21 ( 3.7) 32 ( 2.7) 28 ( 2.4) 27 ( 3.1) 31 ( 2.7) 26 ( 2.7) 33 ( 3.7) 30 ( 3.0) 24 ( 3.0) 23 ( 3.7)

15 to 34 years old ............................................ 26 ( 1.4) 25 ( 1.6) 29 ( 2.9) 35 ( 4.1) 23 ( 2.4) 23 ( 2.0) 26 ( 2.8) 23 ( 2.2) 29 ( 2.9) 24 ( 3.1) 25 ( 2.6) 28 ( 2.7) 26 ( 4.0)

35 or more years old ....................................... 14 ( 1.4) 15 ( 1.7) 10 ( 2.0) 20 ( 3.6) 13 ( 2.5) 12 ( 1.8) 17 ( 2.9) 12 ( 1.9) 13 ( 2.4) 11 ( 2.2) 15 ( 2.7) 11 ( 2.2) 21 ( 3.9)

Percentage distribution of schools,

by enrollment capacity ..................................... 100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   Underenrolled by more than 25 percent ......... 19 ( 1.5) 17 ( 1.7) 21 ( 2.7) 41 ( 5.0) 15 ( 2.5) 8 ( 1.4) 16 ( 3.0) 12 ( 2.0) 27 ( 2.7) 15 ( 2.4) 19 ( 3.1) 15 ( 2.7) 27 ( 4.0)

Underenrolled by 6 to 25 percent .................... 33 ( 1.7) 31 ( 2.1) 43 ( 3.0) 30 ( 4.2) 37 ( 2.8) 31 ( 3.4) 33 ( 3.3) 36 ( 3.0) 30 ( 3.2) 38 ( 3.2) 34 ( 3.2) 33 ( 4.0) 26 ( 4.1)

Enrollment within 5 percent of capacity .......... 26 ( 1.5) 28 ( 2.0) 17 ( 1.9) 16 ( 3.4) 29 ( 2.6) 30 ( 2.0) 24 ( 2.9) 28 ( 2.8) 26 ( 2.4) 24 ( 3.3) 26 ( 3.0) 29 ( 3.4) 24 ( 3.9)

Overcrowded by 6 to 25 percent ..................... 14 ( 1.2) 15 ( 1.5) 11 ( 1.9) 10 ( 2.9) 14 ( 2.5) 18 ( 1.6) 15 ( 1.8) 17 ( 2.0) 11 ( 2.4) 16 ( 2.8) 13 ( 2.4) 16 ( 2.6) 12 ( 2.6)

Overcrowded by more than 25 percent ........... 8 ( 0.9) 8 ( 1.1) 8 ( 1.8) 4 ( 1.6) 5 ( 1.2) 14 ( 1.8) 11 ( 2.3) 8 ( 1.6) 6 ( 1.3) 6 ( 1.6) 8 ( 1.8) 7 ( 2.0) 12 ( 2.9)

Percent of schools with plans to make building improvements in next 2 years At least one major repair, renovation,

or replacement planned .................................. 51 ( 1.6) 49 ( 2.2) 57 ( 3.1) 45 ( 4.4) 52 ( 2.9) 53 ( 2.4) 55 ( 3.8) 50 ( 3.3) 48 ( 3.2) 52 ( 3.8) 44 ( 3.1) 52 ( 3.4) 56 ( 3.9)

Major repair or renovation planned ..................... 41 ( 1.8) 39 ( 2.3) 48 ( 3.2) 36 ( 4.2) 40 ( 3.1) 45 ( 2.6) 48 ( 3.6) 40 ( 3.2) 36 ( 2.9) 41 ( 3.5) 36 ( 3.2) 43 ( 3.5) 46 ( 4.1)

Replacement planned ......................................... 25 ( 1.2) 23 ( 1.6) 28 ( 2.6) 19 ( 3.2) 26 ( 2.2) 27 ( 2.1) 29 ( 3.2) 24 ( 2.4) 22 ( 2.2) 25 ( 3.4) 21 ( 2.7) 25 ( 3.2) 30 ( 3.7)

Percent of schools with construction projects planned in next 2 years Build permanent addition .................................... 20 ( 1.4) 19 ( 1.7) 23 ( 2.8) 17 ( 3.0) 19 ( 2.4) 24 ( 1.7) 17 ( 2.0) 25 ( 2.4) 17 ( 2.0) 23 ( 2.9) 18 ( 2.5) 21 ( 3.0) 18 ( 3.3)

Install new temporary buildings ........................... 10 ( 1.1) 10 ( 1.3) 13 ( 1.9) 6 ( 1.9) 6 ( 1.4) 18 ( 2.1) 11 ( 2.4) 13 ( 1.7) 7 ( 1.4) 10 ( 2.1) 12 ( 2.3) 10 ( 2.1) 9 ( 2.1)

  Not available.

1 Combined elementary/ secondary schools not shown separately, but included in total and in other categories.

2 Excludes special education, vocational, and alternative schools, as well as those schools offering only preprimary education.

3 Functional age is defined as the age of the school based on the year of the most recent renovation or the year of construction of the main instructional building( s) if no renovation has occurred. NOTE: Data are derived from sample surveys and are subject to sampling error. Standard errors appear in parentheses SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast Response Survey System,

Condition of America's Public School Facilities: 1999. ( This table was prepared August 2000.) 126 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: GRADUATES Table 103.   High school graduates compared with population 17 years of age, by sex and control of school: 1869   70 to 2000   01 [ Numbers in thousands]

School year Population 17 years old 1 High school graduates Graduates as a percent of 17 year old population Total 2 Sex Control Male Female Public 3 Private 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1869   70 ........................................ 815 16 7 9     2.0 1879   80 ........................................ 946 24 11 13     2.5 1889   90 ........................................ 1,259 44 19 25 22 22 3.5 1899   1900 .................................... 1,489 95 38 57 62 33 6.4 1909   10 ........................................ 1,786 156 64 93 111 45 8.8 1919   20 ........................................ 1,855 311 124 188 231 80 16.8 1929   30 ........................................ 2,296 667 300 367 592 75 29.0 1939   40 ........................................ 2,403 1,221 579 643 1,143 78 50.8 1947   48 ........................................ 2,261 1,190 563 627 1,073 117 52.6 1949   50 ........................................ 2,034 1,200 571 629 1,063 136 59.0 1951   52 ........................................ 2,086 1,197 569 627 1,056 141 57.4 1953   54 ........................................ 2,135 1,276 613 664 1,129 147 59.8 1955   56 ........................................ 2,242 1,415 680 735 1,252 163 63.1 1956   57 ........................................ 2,272 1,434 690 744 1,270 164 63.1 1957   58 ........................................ 2,325 1,506 725 781 1,332 174 64.8 1958   59 ........................................ 2,458 1,627 784 843 1,435 192 66.2 1959   60 ........................................ 2,672 1,858 895 963 1,627 231 69.5 1960   61 ........................................ 2,892 1,964 955 1,009 1,725 239 67.9 1961   62 ........................................ 2,768 1,918 938 980 1,678 240 69.3 1962   63 ........................................ 2,740 1,943 956 987 1,710 233 70.9 1963   64 ........................................ 2,978 2,283 1,120 1,163 2,008 275 76.7 1964   65 ........................................ 3,684 2,658 1,311 1,347 2,360 298 72.1 1965   66 ........................................ 3,489 2,665 1,323 1,342 2,367 298 76.4 1966   67 ........................................ 3,500 2,672 1,328 1,344 2,374 298 76.3 1967   68 ........................................ 3,532 2,695 1,338 1,357 2,395 300 76.3 1968   69 ........................................ 3,659 2,822 1,399 1,423 2,522 300 77.1 1969   70 ........................................ 3,757 2,889 1,430 1,459 2,589 300 76.9 1970   71 ........................................ 3,872 2,938 1,454 1,484 2,638 300 75.9 1971   72 ........................................ 3,973 3,002 1,487 1,515 2,700 302 75.6 1972   73 ........................................ 4,049 3,035 1,500 1,535 2,729 306 75.0 1973   74 ........................................ 4,132 3,073 1,512 1,561 2,763 310 74.4 1974   75 ........................................ 4,256 3,133 1,542 1,591 2,823 310 73.6 1975   76 ........................................ 4,272 3,148 1,552 1,596 2,837 311 73.7 1976   77 ........................................ 4,272 3,152 1,548 1,604 2,837 315 73.8 1977   78 ........................................ 4,286 3,127 1,531 1,596 2,825 302 73.0 1978   79 ........................................ 4,327 3,101 1,517 1,584 2,801 300 71.7 1979   80 ........................................ 4,262 3,043 1,491 1,552 2,748 295 71.4 1980   81 ........................................ 4,212 3,020 1,483 1,537 2,725 295 71.7 1981   82 ........................................ 4,134 2,995 1,471 1,524 2,705 290 72.4 1982   83 ........................................ 3,962 2,888 1,437 1,451 2,598 290 72.9 1983   84 ........................................ 3,784 2,767     2,495 272 73.1 1984   85 ........................................ 3,699 2,677     2,414 263 72.4 1985   86 ........................................ 3,670 2,643     2,383 260 72.0 1986   87 ........................................ 3,754 2,694     2,429 265 71.8 1987   88 ........................................ 3,849 2,773     2,500 273 72.0 1988   89 ........................................ 3,842 2,744     2,459 285 71.4 1989   90 ........................................ 3,505 2,589     2,320 269 73.9 1990   91 ........................................ 3,421 2,493     2,235 258 72.9 1991   92 ........................................ 3,391 2,478     2,226 252 73.1 1992   93 ........................................ 3,447 2,480     2,233 247 72.0 1993   94 ........................................ 3,459 2,464     2,221 243 71.2 1994   95 ........................................ 3,588 2,520     2,274 246 70.2 1995   96 ........................................ 3,641 2,518     2,273 245 69.2 1996   97 ........................................ 3,773 2,612     2,358 254 69.2 1997   98 ........................................ 3,930 2,704     2,439 265 68.8 1998   99 ........................................ 3,965 2,762     2,489 273 69.7 1999   2000 5 .................................. 4,018 2,809     2,532 277 69.9 2000   01 5 ...................................... 4,004 2,821     2,542 279 70.5   Not available.

1 Derived from Current Population Reports, Series P 25. 17 year old population adjusted to reflect October 17 year old population.

2 Includes graduates of public and private schools.

3 Data for 1929   30 and preceding years are from Statistics of Public High Schools and exclude graduates of high schools which failed to report to the Office of Education.

4 For most years, private school data have been estimated based on periodic private school surveys.

5 Public high school graduates based on state estimates. NOTE: Includes graduates of regular day school programs. Excludes graduates of other programs, when separately reported, and recipients of high school equivalency certificates Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public High Schools; Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; Statistics of State School Systems; Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools; Projections of Education Statistics; Common Core of Data surveys; and U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P   25. ( This table was prepared August 2001.) 127 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: GRADUATES Table 104.   Public high school graduates, by state: 1969   70 to 2000   01 State 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1985   86 1990   91 1995   96 1997   98 1 1998   99 1 Estimated 1999   2000 Estimated 2000   01 Percent change, 1990   91 to 2000   01 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States .............. 2,588,639 2,747,678 2,725,285 2,382,616 2,234,893 2,273,109 2,439,050 2,488,605 2 2,531,524 2 2,542,398 13.8 Alabama .......................... 45,286 45,190 44,894 39,620 39,042 35,043 38,089 36,244 3 38,429 39,377 0.9 Alaska .............................. 3,297 5,223 5,343 5,464 5,458 5,945 6,462 6,810 6,668 6,705 22.8 Arizona ............................ 22,040 28,633 28,416 27,533 31,282 30,008 36,361 35,728 4 36,189 4 36,310 16.1 Arkansas ......................... 26,068 29,052 29,577 26,227 25,668 25,094 26,855 26,896 3 26,896 27,335 6.5 California ......................... 260,908 249,217 242,172 229,026 234,164 259,071 282,897 299,221 311,573 4 321,371 37.2 Colorado .......................... 30,312 36,804 35,897 32,621 31,293 32,608 35,794 36,958 38,933 35,193 12.5 Connecticut ..................... 34,755 37,683 38,369 33,571 27,290 26,319 27,885 28,284 29,650 30,300 11.0 Delaware ......................... 6,985 7,582 7,349 5,791 5,223 5,609 6,439 6,484 3 6,186 6,669 27.7 District of Columbia5 ....... 4,980 4,959 4,848 3,875 3,369 2,696 2,777 2,675 3 2,695 2,507   25.6 Florida ............................. 70,478 87,324 88,755 83,029 87,419 89,242 98,498 102,386 3 102,879 104,555 19.6 Georgia ............................ 56,859 61,621 62,963 59,082 60,088 56,271 58,525 59,227 3 64,775 64,738 7.7 Hawaii .............................. 10,407 11,493 11,472 9,958 8,974 9,387 9,670 9,714 3 10,437 3 10,023 11.7 Idaho ............................... 12,296 13,187 12,679 12,059 11,961 14,667 15,523 15,716 16,160 16,200 35.4 Illinois .............................. 126,864 135,579 136,795 114,319 103,329 104,626 114,611 112,556 111,835 103,174   0.2 Indiana ............................. 69,984 73,143 73,381 59,817 57,892 56,330 58,899 58,908 57,236 58,173 0.5 Iowa ................................. 44,063 43,445 42,635 34,279 28,593 31,689 34,189 34,378 3 33,926 33,888 18.5 Kansas ............................ 33,394 30,890 29,397 25,587 24,414 25,786 27,856 28,685 28,890 29,082 19.1 Kentucky .......................... 37,473 41,203 41,714 37,288 35,835 36,641 37,270 37,179 3 36,909 36,620 2.2 Louisiana ......................... 43,641 46,297 46,199 39,965 33,489 36,467 38,030 37,802 38,484 38,022 13.5 Maine ............................... 14,003 15,445 15,554 13,006 13,151 11,795 12,171 12,093 3 13,367 13,581 3.3 Maryland .......................... 46,462 54,270 54,050 46,700 39,014 41,785 44,555 46,214 3 47,849 48,538 24.4 Massachusetts ................ 63,865 73,802 74,831 60,360 50,216 47,993 50,452 51,465 3 51,000 50,000   0.4 Michigan .......................... 121,000 124,316 124,372 101,042 88,234 85,530 92,732 94,125 96,100 99,000 12.2 Minnesota ........................ 60,480 64,908 64,166 51,988 46,474 50,481 54,628 56,964 53,000 52,500 13.0 Mississippi ....................... 29,653 27,586 28,083 25,134 23,665 23,032 24,502 24,198 3 24,198 24,065 1.7 Missouri ........................... 55,315 62,265 60,359 49,204 46,928 49,011 52,095 52,531 52,498 52,569 12.0 Montana .......................... 11,520 12,135 11,634 9,761 9,013 10,139 10,656 10,925 10,862 10,757 19.3 Nebraska ......................... 21,280 22,410 21,411 17,845 16,500 18,014 19,719 20,550 19,629 19,763 19.8 Nevada ............................ 5,449 8,473 9,069 8,784 9,370 10,374 13,052 13,892 13,058 13,665 45.8 New Hampshire ............... 8,516 11,722 11,552 10,648 10,059 10,094 10,843 11,251 11,563 11,725 16.6 New Jersey ..................... 86,498 94,564 93,168 78,781 67,003 67,704 65,106 67,410 4 69,017 4 69,994 4.5 New Mexico ..................... 16,060 18,424 17,915 15,468 15,157 15,402 16,529 17,317 3 18,303 18,445 21.7 New York ......................... 190,000 204,064 198,465 162,165 133,562 134,401 138,531 139,426 141,800 142,000 6.3 North Carolina ................. 68,886 70,862 69,395 65,865 62,792 57,014 59,292 60,081 3 59,776 61,887   1.4 North Dakota ................... 11,150 9,928 9,924 7,610 7,573 8,027 8,170 8,388 3 8,606 8,409 11.0 Ohio ................................. 142,248 144,169 143,503 119,561 107,484 102,098 111,211 111,112 111,000 111,000 3.3 Oklahoma ........................ 36,293 39,305 38,875 34,452 33,007 33,060 35,213 36,556 6 36,754 6 36,603 10.9 Oregon ............................ 32,236 29,939 28,729 26,286 24,597 26,570 27,754 28,245 29,500 29,800 21.2 Pennsylvania ................... 151,014 146,458 144,645 122,871 104,770 105,981 110,919 112,632 114,850 114,790 9.6 Rhode Island ................... 10,146 10,864 10,719 8,908 7,744 7,689 8,074 8,179 8,495 8,580 10.8 South Carolina ................ 34,940 38,697 38,347 34,500 32,999 30,182 31,373 31,495 33,900 32,800   0.6 South Dakota .................. 11,757 10,689 10,385 7,870 7,127 8,532 9,140 8,757 3 9,224 9,072 27.3 Tennessee ....................... 49,000 49,845 50,648 43,263 44,847 43,792 39,866 40,823 3 41,568 40,911   8.8 Texas ............................... 139,046 171,449 171,665 161,150 174,306 171,844 197,186 203,393 209,405 214,953 23.3 Utah ................................. 18,395 20,035 19,886 19,774 22,219 26,293 31,567 31,574 32,501 31,482 41.7 Vermont ........................... 6,095 6,733 6,424 5,794 5,212 5,867 6,469 6,521 3 6,468 6,348 21.8 Virginia ............................ 58,562 66,621 67,126 63,113 58,441 58,166 62,738 63,875 4 64,941 4 65,401 11.9 Washington ..................... 50,425 50,402 50,046 45,805 42,514 49,862 53,679 58,213 4 58,997 4 59,226 39.3 West Virginia ................... 26,139 23,369 23,580 21,870 21,064 20,335 20,164 19,889 3 19,440 18,773   10.9 Wisconsin ........................ 66,753 69,332 67,743 58,340 49,340 52,651 57,607 58,312 58,636 59,099 19.8 Wyoming ......................... 5,363 6,072 6,161 5,587 5,728 5,892 6,427 6,348 3 6,469 6,420 12.1 Bureau of Indian Affairs ..               6,469       Department of Defense dependents schools 7...           2,674 2,595 2,973       Outlying areas American Samoa ............. 8 367     608 597 719 665 725 4 736 4 739 23.8 Guam ............................... 972     840 1,014   923 1,326 4 1,367 4 1,395 37.6 Northern Marianas ..........         273 325 374 341 360 341 24.9 Puerto Rico ..................... 24,917     31,597 29,329 29,499 29,881 30,479 4 30,673 4 30,576 4.3 Virgin Islands ................... 8 432     1,044 981 937 1,069 951 4 1,057 4 1,050 7.0   Not available. 1 Revised from previously published data. 2 National total includes estimates for nonreporting states. 3 Actual count. 4 Data imputed by the National Center for Education Statistics based on previous year's data. 5 Beginning in 1985   86, graduates from adult programs are excluded. 6 Early estimate number reported by state, adjusted by the National Center for Education Statistics. 7 Includes foreign schools only through 1997   98. Data for 1998   99 include overseas and domestic schools. 8 Data are for 1970   71.

NOTE: Data include graduates of regular day school programs, but exclude graduates of other programs and persons receiving high school equivalency certificates. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. All 1999   2000 and 2000   01 data are state estimates unless otherwise indicated.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared March 2001.) 128 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: GRADUATES Table 105.   High school graduates and dropouts in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ ethnicity and state: 1998   99 State High school graduates, by race/ ethnicity, 1998   99 Percent of 9th to 12th graders who dropped out during 1998   99, by race/ ethnicity 1 Total White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Total White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States 2,3 ......... 2,488,218 1,758,820 321,325 267,996 116,176 23,901             Alabama .......................... 36,244 23,681 11,496 163 241 663 4.4 4.4 4.5 6.6 1.8 1.6 Alaska .............................. 6,810 4,769 282 184 365 1,210 5.3 4.2 6.9 10.4 3.8 8.2 Arizona ............................ 35,728 22,125 1,473 8,920 864 2,346 8.4           Arkansas ......................... 26,896 20,272 5,854 390 288 92 6.0 5.6 6.7 10.3 4.4 8.0 California 3 ....................... 298,428 134,229 22,065 95,438 44,031 2,665             Colorado .......................... 36,958 29,034 1,609 4,973 1,070 272             Connecticut ..................... 28,284 22,245 2,920 2,262 790 67 3.3 2.2 5.6 8.2 2.6 2.8 Delaware ......................... 6,484 4,443 1,665 200 164 12 4.1 3.5 5.3 7.0 1.3 4.4 District of Columbia ......... 2,675 82 2,255 189 146 3 8.2           Florida ............................. 102,386 62,624 21,651 15,013 2,856 242             Georgia ............................ 59,227 37,883 18,773 983 1,518 70 7.4 6.5 8.7 11.1 4.5 7.7 Hawaii .............................. 9,714 1,882 161 396 7,248 27             Idaho ............................... 15,716 14,477 58 865 197 119 6.9           Illinois .............................. 112,556 80,229 16,964 10,467 4,731 165 6.5 4.1 13.3 11.4 2.4 9.8 Indiana 3 .......................... 58,962 51,925 5,105 1,249 594 89             Iowa ................................. 34,378 32,619 673 500 496 90 2.5 2.3 5.7 9.4 2.5 7.7 Kansas ............................ 28,685 24,842 1,736 1,252 599 256             Kentucky .......................... 37,177 33,602 3,020 90 213 252 4.9 4.7 6.3 7.0 3.0 1.1 Louisiana ......................... 37,802 21,980 14,503 519 624 176 10.0 7.9 12.6 11.8 8.8 14.9 Maine ............................... 12,093 11,793 77 46 127 50 3.3 3.3 6.2 3.1 2.2 5.4 Maryland .......................... 46,214 27,544 14,718 1,513 2,318 121 4.4 3.6 6.0 4.3 1.7 5.6 Massachusetts ................ 51,465 41,984 3,830 3,326 2,268 57 3.6 2.5 6.7 9.9 3.6 4.0 Michigan .......................... 94,125 77,631 11,651 2,200 1,719 924             Minnesota 3 ...................... 57,091 51,919 1,651 824 2,066 631 4.5           Mississippi ....................... 24,198 12,464 11,474 57 178 25 5.2 4.3 6.1 6.7 2.6 5.3 Missouri ........................... 52,531 44,486 6,687 587 667 104 4.8 4.4 7.1 7.3 3.4 6.1 Montana .......................... 10,925 9,964 39 174 81 667 4.5 3.8 8.4 5.7 3.1 12.9 Nebraska ......................... 20,550 18,685 771 694 261 139 4.2 3.1 12.7 12.8 3.6 19.7 Nevada ............................ 13,892 9,984 1,042 1,747 891 228 7.9 6.4 11.4 12.2 5.9 9.4 New Hampshire 4 ............. 11,251                       New Jersey 3 ................... 67,513 45,651 9,679 7,438 4,615 130 3.1           New Mexico ..................... 17,317 7,575 358 7,497 256 1,631 7.0 4.8 6.6 8.8 5.5 8.1 New York ......................... 139,426 93,210 18,603 18,191 9,014 408             North Carolina ................. 60,081 41,119 16,144 929 1,208 681             North Dakota ................... 8,388 7,906 47 55 57 323 2.4           Ohio ................................. 111,112 98,209 10,696 705 1,390 112 3.9 2.9 9.8 9.8 2.5 6.5 Oklahoma ........................ 36,556 26,459 3,207 1,108 591 5,191 5.2 4.6 7.8 11.2 3.4 5.1 Oregon ............................ 28,245 24,784 526 1,381 1,147 407 6.5 5.7 10.9 14.8 5.6 11.1 Pennsylvania ................... 112,632 95,955 11,495 2,696 2,384 102 3.8           Rhode Island ................... 8,179 6,742 487 657 266 27 4.5 3.7 7.7 8.3 5.2 14.0 South Carolina 4 .............. 31,495                       South Dakota .................. 8,757 8,237 63 65 65 327 4.5 3.4 9.5 12.6 8.2 19.1 Tennessee 3,5 .................. 40,947 32,727 7,322 299 560 39 4.6           Texas ............................... 203,393 107,777 25,708 63,082 6,340 486             Utah ................................. 31,574 29,228 136 1,234 685 291 4.7 4.1 14.6 12.2 6.7 11.0 Vermont 4 ......................... 6,521           4.6           Virginia ............................ 63,875 44,258 14,637 1,904 2,955 121 4.5 3.8 5.8 7.8 3.2 5.4 Washington 3 ................... 58,213 46,733 2,196 3,266 4,924 1,094             West Virginia ................... 19,889 18,973 701 68 124 23 4.9 4.8 6.1 3.2 2.3 9.1 Wisconsin ........................ 58,312 52,415 2,581 1,405 1,373 538 2.6 1.6 11.5 6.8 2.4 4.6 Wyoming ......................... 6,348 5,799 112 362 33 42 5.2 4.5 8.7 11.8 3.2 14.7 Bureau of Indian Affairs .. 6,469         6,469             Department of Defense dependents schools 6 2,973                       Outlying areas American Samoa ............. 725       725   2.0       2.0   Guam ............................... 1,326 42 6 2 1,276   15.0 23.6 31.8 12.5 14.8 20.0 Northern Marianas .......... 341 1     340   11.5           Puerto Rico ..................... 30,479     30,479     1.2           Virgin Islands ................... 951 1 902 45 3   7.3 12.2 7.3 7.4 0.0 16.7   Not available.

1 Alabama, Arizona, Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Puerto Rico reported data on an alternative July through June cycle, rather than the specified October through September cycle for dropout data.

2 U. S. total includes estimates for nonreporting states, based on 1998 12th grade enrollment racial/ ethnic distribution reported by state.

3 Data differ slightly from figures reported in other tables due to varying reporting practices for racial/ ethnic survey data.

4 Racial/ ethnic distribution estimated by NCES based on 1998 12th grade enrollment racial/ ethnic distribution reported by state. 5 Estimates provided by state education agency after Common Core of Data file was closed.

6 Includes overseas and domestic schools.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey; and unpublished data. ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 129 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: GRADUATES Table 106.   General Educational Development ( GED) credentials issued, and number and age of test takers: United States and outlying areas, 1971 to 2000 Year Number of credentials issued, in thousands 1 Number completing test battery, in thousands 2 Number of test takers, in thousands 3 Percentage distribution of test takers, by age 19 years old or less 20 to 24 yearolds 25 to 29 yearolds 30 to 34 yearolds 35 years old or over 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1971 .................................. 227   377           1975 .................................. 342 507 652 33 26 14 9 18 1976 .................................. 337 507 656 31 28 14 10 17 1977 .................................. 331 488 680 40 24 13 9 14 1978 .................................. 381 467 641 31 27 13 10 19 1979 .................................. 435 583 744 35 27 13 8 16 1980 .................................. 488 708 779 37 27 13 8 15 1981 .................................. 500 701 770 37 27 13 8 15 1982 .................................. 494 692 756 37 28 13 8 15 1983 .................................. 477 678 740 34 29 14 9 15 1984 .................................. 437 613 676 32 28 15 9 16 1985 .................................. 427 622 685 33 26 15 10 16 1986 .................................. 439 648 713 33 26 15 10 16 1987 .................................. 458 662 729 33 24 15 10 18 1988 .................................. 421 617 701 36 23 14 10 17 1989 .................................. 364 554 645 36 24 13 10 16 1990 .................................. 419 628 727 35 25 14 10 17 1991 .................................. 471 672 770 33 27 14 10 17 1992 .................................. 465 653 754 32 28 13 11 16 1993 .................................. 476 652 757 33 27 14 11 16 1994 .................................. 499 684 793 34 26 13 10 16 1995 .................................. 513 698 803 37 25 13 10 15 1996 .................................. 514 733 842 40 25 13 9 15 1997 .................................. 471 697 802 41 25 12 8 14 1998 .................................. 496 693 796 43 25 11 8 14 1999 .................................. 517 724 831 43 25 11 8 14 2000 .................................. 501 718 830 42 26 11 8 14   Not available. 1 Number of people receiving high school equivalency credentials based on the GED tests. 2 Number of people completing the entire GED battery of five tests. 3 Number of people taking the GED tests ( one or more subtests). NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: American Council on Education, General Educational Development Testing Service, Who took the GED? Statistical Report, various years. ( This table was prepared August 2001.)

Table 107.   Distribution of 18 to 29 year olds, by high school completion status and selected characteristics: 1998 to 2000 Characteristics 1998 1999 2000 1 Dropout Completed by GED Completed by diploma Dropout Completed by GED Completed by diploma Dropout Completed by GED Completed by diploma 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number, in thousands ................................................ 5,636 3,321 33,706 5,576 ( 122) 3,314 ( 92) 33,819 ( 379) 5,473 ( 121) 2,165 ( 73) 35,213 ( 390) Percent distribution .................................................... 13.2 7.8 79.0 13.1 ( 0.3) 7.8 ( 0.2) 79.2 ( 0.3) 12.8 ( 0.2) 5.1 ( 0.2) 82.2 ( 0.3)

Sex 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Male ........................................................................... 57.0 47.3 48.4 53.5 ( 1.0) 49.6 ( 1.3) 48.0 ( 0.4) 54.2 ( 1.0) 52.4 ( 1.7) 48.0 ( 0.4) Female ....................................................................... 43.0 52.7 51.6 46.5 ( 1.0) 50.4 ( 1.3) 52.0 ( 0.4) 45.8 ( 1.0) 47.6 ( 1.7) 52.0 ( 0.4)

Age 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   18 and 19 ................................................................... 19.6 13.4 15.2 18.8 ( 0.8) 13.2 ( 0.9) 15.3 ( 0.3) 18.5 ( 0.8) 11.3 ( 1.0) 15.5 ( 0.3) 20 and 21 ................................................................... 18.5 16.2 16.2 18.0 ( 0.8) 14.0 ( 0.9) 16.5 ( 0.3) 18.2 ( 0.8) 12.8 ( 1.1) 17.3 ( 0.3) 22 to 24 ...................................................................... 24.8 25.6 24.3 24.5 ( 0.9) 25.6 ( 1.2) 25.4 ( 0.4) 23.9 ( 0.9) 29.9 ( 1.5) 25.8 ( 0.4) 25 to 29 ...................................................................... 37.1 44.8 44.4 38.8 ( 1.0) 47.2 ( 1.3) 42.7 ( 0.4) 39.4 ( 1.0) 45.9 ( 1.6) 41.4 ( 0.4)

Race/ ethnicity ................................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   White, non Hispanic ................................................... 40.0 67.5 70.6 39.1 ( 1.0) 67.7 ( 1.3) 70.2 ( 0.4) 38.7 ( 1.0) 67.5 ( 1.5) 69.5 ( 0.4) Black, non Hispanic ................................................... 15.7 13.9 13.1 14.8 ( 0.8) 14.8 ( 1.0) 13.4 ( 0.3) 14.8 ( 0.8) 15.5 ( 1.3) 13.6 ( 0.3) Hispanic ..................................................................... 41.6 13.2 10.7 42.5 ( 1.2) 12.7 ( 1.0) 10.5 ( 0.3) 43.0 ( 1.2) 12.3 ( 1.2) 10.9 ( 0.3) Other .......................................................................... 2.7 5.5 5.6 3.5 ( 0.4) 4.8 ( 0.7) 5.9 ( 0.2) 3.5 ( 0.4) 4.7 ( 0.8) 6.0 ( 0.2)

Educational attainment .................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Less than high school ................................................ 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0   0.0   0.0   100.0   0.0   0.0   Completed high school .............................................. 0.0 47.1 38.3 0.0   45.8 ( 1.3) 37.2 ( 0.4) 0.0   68.9 ( 1.5) 36.1 ( 0.4) Some college ............................................................. 0.0 36.1 33.8 0.0   36.3 ( 1.3) 33.8 ( 0.4) 0.0   20.2 ( 1.3) 35.0 ( 0.4) Associate degree ....................................................... 0.0 6.9 7.2 0.0   6.7 ( 0.7) 7.5 ( 0.2) 0.0   5.5 ( 0.8) 7.6 ( 0.2) Bachelor's degree ...................................................... 0.0 8.0 17.1 0.0   9.0 ( 0.8) 18.1 ( 0.3) 0.0   4.5 ( 0.7) 17.7 ( 0.3) Master's or higher degree ......................................... 0.0 1.9 3.5 0.0   2.1 ( 0.4) 3.4 ( 0.2) 0.0   0.8 ( 0.3) 3.5 ( 0.2)

Family income quartile .................................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Lowest quartile ........................................................... 46.3 27.8 18.5 42.4 ( 1.0) 24.6 ( 1.2) 18.7 ( 0.3) 44.8 ( 1.0) 29.7 ( 1.5) 18.7 ( 0.3) Low middle quartile .................................................... 30.6 29.7 24.6 33.0 ( 1.0) 29.0 ( 1.2) 24.4 ( 0.4) 29.5 ( 0.9) 29.7 ( 1.5) 24.8 ( 0.4) High middle quartile ................................................... 16.6 23.1 28.4 17.0 ( 0.8) 28.0 ( 1.2) 27.9 ( 0.4) 18.2 ( 0.8) 26.4 ( 1.5) 28.2 ( 0.4) Highest quartile .......................................................... 6.5 19.3 28.5 7.7 ( 0.5) 18.3 ( 1.0) 29.0 ( 0.4) 7.5 ( 0.5) 14.2 ( 1.2) 28.3 ( 0.4)

Employment status ........................................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   100.0   Employed ................................................................... 61.6 71.8 76.0 60.6 ( 1.0) 72.2 ( 1.2) 75.6 ( 0.4) 61.1 ( 1.0) 71.0 ( 1.5) 76.5 ( 0.3) Unemployed ............................................................... 8.4 7.6 4.3 9.1 ( 0.6) 7.2 ( 0.7) 4.2 ( 0.2) 9.8 ( 0.6) 7.7 ( 0.9) 3.6 ( 0.2) Not in labor force ....................................................... 30.0 20.6 19.7 30.3 ( 0.9) 20.6 ( 1.1) 20.2 ( 0.3) 29.1 ( 0.9) 21.3 ( 1.4) 19.8 ( 0.3)

  Not available.

1 Due to questionnaire rewording, data are not comparable to figures for previous years.

NOTE: Excludes persons still enrolled in high school. Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Standard errors appear in parentheses SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 130 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: DROPOUTS Table 108.   Percent of high school dropouts ( status dropouts) among persons 16 to 24 years old, by sex and race/ ethnicity: April 1960 to October 2000 Year Total Men Women All races White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic origin All races White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic origin All races White, non Hispanic Black, non Hispanic Hispanic origin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1960 1 ........ 27.2               27.8               26.7               1967 2 ........ 17.0   15.4   28.6       16.5   14.7   30.6       17.3   16.1   26.9       1968 2 ........ 16.2   14.7   27.4       15.8   14.4   27.1       16.5   15.0   27.6       1969 2 ........ 15.2   13.6   26.7       14.3   12.6   26.9       16.0   14.6   26.7       1970 2 ........ 15.0   13.2   27.9       14.2   12.2   29.4       15.7   14.1   26.6       1971 2 ........ 14.7   13.4   23.7       14.2   12.6   25.5       15.2   14.2   22.1       1972 .......... 14.6 ( 0.3) 12.3 ( 0.3) 21.3 ( 1.1) 34.3 ( 2.2) 14.1 ( 0.4) 11.6 ( 0.4) 22.3 ( 1.6) 33.7 ( 3.2) 15.1 ( 0.4) 12.8 ( 0.4) 20.5 ( 1.4) 34.8 ( 3.1) 1973 .......... 14.1 ( 0.3) 11.6 ( 0.3) 22.2 ( 1.1) 33.5 ( 2.2) 13.7 ( 0.4) 11.5 ( 0.4) 21.5 ( 1.5) 30.4 ( 3.2) 14.5 ( 0.4) 11.8 ( 0.4) 22.8 ( 1.5) 36.4 ( 3.2) 1974 .......... 14.3 ( 0.3) 11.9 ( 0.3) 21.2 ( 1.0) 33.0 ( 2.1) 14.2 ( 0.4) 12.0 ( 0.4) 20.1 ( 1.5) 33.8 ( 3.0) 14.3 ( 0.4) 11.8 ( 0.4) 22.1 ( 1.5) 32.2 ( 2.9) 1975 .......... 13.9 ( 0.3) 11.4 ( 0.3) 22.9 ( 1.1) 29.2 ( 2.0) 13.3 ( 0.4) 11.0 ( 0.4) 23.0 ( 1.6) 26.7 ( 2.8) 14.5 ( 0.4) 11.8 ( 0.4) 22.9 ( 1.4) 31.6 ( 2.9)

1976 .......... 14.1 ( 0.3) 12.0 ( 0.3) 20.5 ( 1.0) 31.4 ( 2.0) 14.1 ( 0.4) 12.1 ( 0.4) 21.2 ( 1.5) 30.3 ( 2.9) 14.2 ( 0.4) 11.8 ( 0.4) 19.9 ( 1.4) 32.3 ( 2.8) 1977 .......... 14.1 ( 0.3) 11.9 ( 0.3) 19.8 ( 1.0) 33.0 ( 2.0) 14.5 ( 0.4) 12.6 ( 0.4) 19.5 ( 1.5) 31.6 ( 2.9) 13.8 ( 0.4) 11.2 ( 0.4) 20.0 ( 1.4) 34.3 ( 2.8) 1978 .......... 14.2 ( 0.3) 11.9 ( 0.3) 20.2 ( 1.0) 33.3 ( 2.0) 14.6 ( 0.4) 12.2 ( 0.4) 22.5 ( 1.5) 33.6 ( 2.9) 13.9 ( 0.4) 11.6 ( 0.4) 18.3 ( 1.3) 33.1 ( 2.8) 1979 .......... 14.6 ( 0.3) 12.0 ( 0.3) 21.1 ( 1.0) 33.8 ( 2.0) 15.0 ( 0.4) 12.6 ( 0.4) 22.4 ( 1.5) 33.0 ( 2.8) 14.2 ( 0.4) 11.5 ( 0.4) 20.0 ( 1.3) 34.5 ( 2.8) 1980 .......... 14.1 ( 0.3) 11.4 ( 0.3) 19.1 ( 1.0) 35.2 ( 1.9) 15.1 ( 0.4) 12.3 ( 0.4) 20.8 ( 1.5) 37.2 ( 2.7) 13.1 ( 0.4) 10.5 ( 0.4) 17.7 ( 1.3) 33.2 ( 2.6)

1981 .......... 13.9 ( 0.3) 11.3 ( 0.3) 18.4 ( 0.9) 33.2 ( 1.8) 15.1 ( 0.4) 12.5 ( 0.4) 19.9 ( 1.4) 36.0 ( 2.6) 12.8 ( 0.4) 10.2 ( 0.4) 17.1 ( 1.2) 30.4 ( 2.5) 1982 .......... 13.9 ( 0.3) 11.4 ( 0.3) 18.4 ( 1.0) 31.7 ( 1.9) 14.5 ( 0.4) 12.0 ( 0.4) 21.2 ( 1.5) 30.5 ( 2.7) 13.3 ( 0.4) 10.8 ( 0.4) 15.9 ( 1.3) 32.8 ( 2.7) 1983 .......... 13.7 ( 0.3) 11.1 ( 0.3) 18.0 ( 1.0) 31.6 ( 1.9) 14.9 ( 0.4) 12.2 ( 0.4) 19.9 ( 1.5) 34.3 ( 2.8) 12.5 ( 0.4) 10.1 ( 0.4) 16.2 ( 1.3) 29.1 ( 2.6) 1984 .......... 13.1 ( 0.3) 11.0 ( 0.3) 15.5 ( 0.9) 29.8 ( 1.9) 14.0 ( 0.4) 11.9 ( 0.4) 16.8 ( 1.4) 30.6 ( 2.8) 12.3 ( 0.4) 10.1 ( 0.4) 14.3 ( 1.2) 29.0 ( 2.6) 1985 .......... 12.6 ( 0.3) 10.4 ( 0.3) 15.2 ( 0.9) 27.6 ( 1.9) 13.4 ( 0.4) 11.1 ( 0.4) 16.1 ( 1.4) 29.9 ( 2.8) 11.8 ( 0.4) 9.8 ( 0.4) 14.3 ( 1.2) 25.2 ( 2.7)

1986 .......... 12.2 ( 0.3) 9.7 ( 0.3) 14.2 ( 0.9) 30.1 ( 1.9) 13.1 ( 0.4) 10.3 ( 0.4) 15.0 ( 1.3) 32.8 ( 2.7) 11.4 ( 0.4) 9.1 ( 0.4) 13.5 ( 1.2) 27.2 ( 2.6) 1987 .......... 12.6 ( 0.3) 10.4 ( 0.3) 14.1 ( 0.9) 28.6 ( 1.8) 13.2 ( 0.4) 10.8 ( 0.4) 15.0 ( 1.3) 29.1 ( 2.6) 12.1 ( 0.4) 10.0 ( 0.4) 13.3 ( 1.2) 28.1 ( 2.6) 1988 .......... 12.9 ( 0.3) 9.6 ( 0.3) 14.5 ( 1.0) 35.8 ( 2.3) 13.5 ( 0.4) 10.3 ( 0.5) 15.0 ( 1.5) 36.0 ( 3.2) 12.2 ( 0.4) 8.9 ( 0.4) 14.0 ( 1.4) 35.4 ( 3.3) 1989 .......... 12.6 ( 0.3) 9.4 ( 0.3) 13.9 ( 1.0) 33.0 ( 2.2) 13.6 ( 0.5) 10.3 ( 0.5) 14.9 ( 1.5) 34.4 ( 3.1) 11.7 ( 0.4) 8.5 ( 0.4) 13.0 ( 1.3) 31.6 ( 3.1) 1990 .......... 12.1 ( 0.3) 9.0 ( 0.3) 13.2 ( 0.9) 32.4 ( 1.9) 12.3 ( 0.4) 9.3 ( 0.4) 11.9 ( 1.3) 34.3 ( 2.7) 11.8 ( 0.4) 8.7 ( 0.4) 14.4 ( 1.3) 30.3 ( 2.7)

1991 .......... 12.5 ( 0.3) 8.9 ( 0.3) 13.6 ( 0.9) 35.3 ( 1.9) 13.0 ( 0.4) 8.9 ( 0.4) 13.5 ( 1.4) 39.2 ( 2.7) 11.9 ( 0.4) 8.9 ( 0.4) 13.7 ( 1.3) 31.1 ( 2.7) 1992 3 ........ 11.0 ( 0.3) 7.7 ( 0.3) 13.7 ( 0.9) 29.4 ( 1.9) 11.3 ( 0.4) 8.0 ( 0.4) 12.5 ( 1.3) 32.1 ( 2.7) 10.7 ( 0.4) 7.4 ( 0.4) 14.8 ( 1.4) 26.6 ( 2.6) 1993 3 ........ 11.0 ( 0.3) 7.9 ( 0.3) 13.6 ( 0.9) 27.5 ( 1.8) 11.2 ( 0.4) 8.2 ( 0.4) 12.6 ( 1.3) 28.1 ( 2.5) 10.9 ( 0.4) 7.6 ( 0.4) 14.4 ( 1.3) 26.9 ( 2.5) 1994 3 ........ 11.4 ( 0.3) 7.7 ( 0.3) 12.6 ( 0.8) 30.0 ( 1.2) 12.3 ( 0.4) 8.0 ( 0.4) 14.1 ( 1.1) 31.6 ( 1.6) 10.6 ( 0.4) 7.5 ( 0.4) 11.3 ( 1.0) 28.1 ( 1.7) 1995 3 ........ 12.0 ( 0.3) 8.6 ( 0.3) 12.1 ( 0.7) 30.0 ( 1.1) 12.2 ( 0.4) 9.0 ( 0.4) 11.1 ( 1.0) 30.0 ( 1.6) 11.7 ( 0.4) 8.2 ( 0.4) 12.9 ( 1.1) 30.0 ( 1.7)

1996 3 ........ 11.1 ( 0.3) 7.3 ( 0.3) 13.0 ( 0.8) 29.4 ( 1.2) 11.4 ( 0.4) 7.3 ( 0.4) 13.5 ( 1.2) 30.3 ( 1.7) 10.9 ( 0.4) 7.3 ( 0.4) 12.5 ( 1.1) 28.3 ( 1.7) 1997 3 ........ 11.0 ( 0.3) 7.6 ( 0.3) 13.4 ( 0.8) 25.3 ( 1.1) 11.9 ( 0.4) 8.5 ( 0.4) 13.3 ( 1.2) 27.0 ( 1.6) 10.1 ( 0.4) 6.7 ( 0.4) 13.5 ( 1.1) 23.4 ( 1.6) 1998 3 ........ 11.8 ( 0.3) 7.7 ( 0.3) 13.8 ( 0.8) 29.5 ( 1.1) 13.3 ( 0.4) 8.6 ( 0.4) 15.5 ( 1.2) 33.5 ( 1.6) 10.3 ( 0.4) 6.9 ( 0.4) 12.2 ( 1.1) 25.0 ( 1.6) 1999 3 ........ 11.2 ( 0.3) 7.3 ( 0.3) 12.6 ( 0.8) 28.6 ( 1.1) 11.9 ( 0.4) 7.7 ( 0.4) 12.1 ( 1.1) 31.0 ( 1.6) 10.5 ( 0.4) 6.9 ( 0.4) 13.0 ( 1.1) 26.0 ( 1.5) 2000 3 ........ 10.9 ( 0.3) 6.9 ( 0.3) 13.1 ( 0.8) 27.8 ( 1.1) 12.0 ( 0.4) 7.0 ( 0.4) 15.3 ( 1.2) 31.8 ( 1.6) 9.9 ( 0.4) 6.9 ( 0.4) 11.1 ( 1.0) 23.5 ( 1.5)

  Not available. 1 Based on the April 1960 decennial census. 2 White and black include persons of Hispanic origin. 3 Because of changes in data collection procedures, data may not be comparable with figures for earlier years.

NOTE: `` Status'' dropouts are 16 to 24 year olds who are not enrolled in school and who have not completed a high school program regardless of when they left school. People who have received GED credentials are counted as high school completers. All data except for 1960 are based on October counts. Data are based upon sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Standard errors appear in parentheses

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, unpublished tabulations; and U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Dropout Rates in the United States. ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 131 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: DROPOUTS Table 109.   Percent of high school dropouts ( status dropouts) among persons 16 to 24 years old, by income level, and distribution of dropouts by labor force status and educational attainment: October 1970 to October 2000 Year Dropout rate of 16 to 24 year olds Dropout rate of 16 to 24 year olds, by family income quartile Distribution of dropouts, by labor force status Distribution of dropouts, by years of school completed Lowest quartile Middlelow quartile Middlehigh quartile Highest quartile Total Employed 1 Unemployed Not in labor force Total Less than 9 9 10 11 or 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1970 ............. 15.0 ( 0.3) 28.0 ( 0.8) 21.2 ( 0.6) 11.7 ( 0.5) 5.2 ( 0.3) 100.0 49.8 ( 1.0) 10.3 ( 0.6) 39.9 ( 1.0) 100.0 28.5 20.6 26.8 24.0 1971 ............. 14.7 ( 0.3) 28.8 ( 0.8) 20.7 ( 0.6) 10.9 ( 0.4) 5.1 ( 0.3) 100.0 49.5 ( 1.0) 10.9 ( 0.6) 39.6 ( 0.9) 100.0 27.9 21.7 27.8 22.7 1972 ............. 14.6 ( 0.3) 27.6 ( 0.8) 20.8 ( 0.6) 10.2 ( 0.4) 5.4 ( 0.3) 100.0 51.2 ( 1.0) 10.2 ( 0.6) 38.6 ( 0.9) 100.0 27.5 20.8 29.0 22.7 1973 ............. 14.1 ( 0.3) 28.0 ( 0.8) 19.6 ( 0.6) 9.9 ( 0.4) 4.9 ( 0.3) 100.0 53.2 ( 1.0) 9.2 ( 0.6) 37.5 ( 0.9) 100.0 26.5 20.9 27.4 25.3 1974 ............. 14.3 ( 0.3)                 100.0 51.8 ( 0.9) 12.3 ( 0.6) 35.9 ( 0.9) 100.0 25.4 20.1 28.7 25.8 1975 ............. 13.9 ( 0.3) 28.8 ( 0.8) 18.0 ( 0.5) 10.2 ( 0.4) 5.0 ( 0.3) 100.0 46.0 ( 0.9) 15.6 ( 0.7) 38.4 ( 0.9) 100.0 23.5 21.1 27.5 27.9 1976 ............. 14.1 ( 0.3) 28.1 ( 0.7) 19.2 ( 0.6) 10.1 ( 0.4) 4.9 ( 0.3) 100.0 48.8 ( 0.9) 16.0 ( 0.7) 35.2 ( 0.9) 100.0 24.3 20.1 27.8 27.8 1977 ............. 14.1 ( 0.3) 28.5 ( 0.7) 19.0 ( 0.6) 10.4 ( 0.4) 4.5 ( 0.3) 100.0 52.9 ( 0.9) 13.6 ( 0.6) 33.6 ( 0.9) 100.0 24.3 21.7 27.3 26.6 1978 ............. 14.2 ( 0.3) 28.2 ( 0.7) 18.9 ( 0.6) 10.5 ( 0.4) 5.5 ( 0.3) 100.0 54.3 ( 0.9) 12.4 ( 0.6) 33.3 ( 0.9) 100.0 22.9 20.2 28.2 28.8 1979 ............. 14.6 ( 0.3) 28.1 ( 0.7) 18.5 ( 0.6) 11.5 ( 0.4) 5.6 ( 0.3) 100.0 54.0 ( 0.9) 12.7 ( 0.6) 33.3 ( 0.9) 100.0 22.6 21.0 28.6 27.8 1980 ............. 14.1 ( 0.3) 27.0 ( 0.7) 18.1 ( 0.6) 10.7 ( 0.4) 5.7 ( 0.3) 100.0 50.4 ( 0.9) 17.0 ( 0.7) 32.6 ( 0.9) 100.0 23.6 19.7 29.8 27.0 1981 ............. 13.9 ( 0.3) 26.4 ( 0.7) 17.8 ( 0.5) 11.1 ( 0.4) 5.2 ( 0.3) 100.0 49.8 ( 0.9) 18.3 ( 0.7) 31.9 ( 0.9) 100.0 24.3 18.6 30.2 26.9 1982 ............. 13.9 ( 0.3) 27.2 ( 0.7) 18.3 ( 0.6) 10.2 ( 0.4) 4.4 ( 0.3) 100.0 45.2 ( 1.0) 21.1 ( 0.8) 33.7 ( 0.9) 100.0 22.9 20.8 28.8 27.6 1983 ............. 13.7 ( 0.3) 26.5 ( 0.7) 17.8 ( 0.6) 10.5 ( 0.5) 4.1 ( 0.3) 100.0 48.4 ( 1.0) 18.2 ( 0.8) 33.4 ( 0.9) 100.0 23.0 19.3 28.8 28.8 1984 ............. 13.1 ( 0.3) 25.9 ( 0.7) 16.5 ( 0.6) 9.9 ( 0.4) 3.8 ( 0.3) 100.0 49.7 ( 1.0) 17.3 ( 0.8) 32.9 ( 1.0) 100.0 23.6 21.4 27.5 27.5 1985 ............. 12.6 ( 0.3) 27.1 ( 0.7) 14.7 ( 0.6) 8.3 ( 0.4) 4.0 ( 0.3) 100.0 50.1 ( 1.1) 17.5 ( 0.8) 32.4 ( 1.0) 100.0 23.9 21.0 27.9 27.2 1986 ............. 12.2 ( 0.3) 25.4 ( 0.7) 14.8 ( 0.6) 8.0 ( 0.4) 3.4 ( 0.3) 100.0 51.1 ( 1.1) 16.4 ( 0.8) 32.5 ( 1.0) 100.0 25.4 21.5 25.7 27.4 1987 ............. 12.6 ( 0.3) 25.5 ( 0.7) 16.6 ( 0.6) 8.0 ( 0.4) 3.6 ( 0.3) 100.0 52.4 ( 1.1) 13.6 ( 0.7) 34.0 ( 1.0) 100.0 25.9 20.7 26.0 27.5 1988 ............. 12.9 ( 0.3) 27.2 ( 0.8) 15.4 ( 0.6) 8.2 ( 0.5) 3.4 ( 0.3) 100.0 52.9 ( 1.2) 32.4 ( 1.1) 14.7 ( 0.8) 100.0 28.9 19.3 25.1 26.8 1989 ............. 12.6 ( 0.3) 25.0 ( 0.8) 16.2 ( 0.7) 8.7 ( 0.5) 3.3 ( 0.3) 100.0 53.2 ( 1.2) 13.8 ( 0.8) 33.0 ( 1.1) 100.0 29.4 20.8 24.9 25.0 1990 ............. 12.1 ( 0.3) 24.3 ( 0.8) 15.1 ( 0.6) 8.7 ( 0.5) 2.9 ( 0.3) 100.0 52.5 ( 1.2) 13.3 ( 0.8) 34.2 ( 1.1) 100.0 28.6 20.9 24.4 26.1 1991 ............. 12.5 ( 0.3) 25.9 ( 0.8) 15.5 ( 0.6) 7.7 ( 0.5) 3.0 ( 0.3) 100.0 47.5 ( 1.2) 15.8 ( 0.9) 36.7 ( 1.1) 100.0 28.6 20.5 26.1 24.9 1992 2 ........... 11.0 ( 0.3) 23.4 ( 0.7) 12.9 ( 0.6) 7.3 ( 0.4) 2.4 ( 0.2) 100.0 47.6 ( 1.3) 15.0 ( 0.9) 37.4 ( 1.2) 100.0 21.6 17.5 24.4 36.5 1993 2 ........... 11.0 ( 0.3) 22.9 ( 0.7) 12.7 ( 0.6) 6.6 ( 0.4) 2.9 ( 0.3) 100.0 48.7 ( 1.3) 12.8 ( 0.8) 38.5 ( 1.2) 100.0 20.5 16.6 24.1 38.8 1994 2 ........... 11.4 ( 0.3) 20.7 ( 0.7) 13.7 ( 0.6) 8.7 ( 0.5) 4.9 ( 0.3) 100.0 49.5 ( 1.2) 13.0 ( 0.8) 37.5 ( 1.2) 100.0 23.9 16.2 20.3 39.6 1995 2 ........... 12.0 ( 0.3) 23.2 ( 0.7) 13.8 ( 0.6) 8.3 ( 0.5) 3.6 ( 0.3) 100.0 48.9 ( 1.2) 14.2 ( 0.8) 37.0 ( 1.2) 100.0 22.2 17.0 22.5 38.3 1996 2 ........... 11.1 ( 0.3) 22.0 ( 0.7) 13.6 ( 0.6) 7.0 ( 0.4) 3.2 ( 0.3) 100.0 47.3 ( 1.3) 15.0 ( 0.9) 37.7 ( 1.2) 100.0 20.3 17.7 22.6 39.4 1997 2 ........... 11.0 ( 0.3) 21.8 ( 0.7) 13.5 ( 0.6) 6.2 ( 0.4) 3.4 ( 0.3) 100.0 53.3 ( 1.3) 13.2 ( 0.9) 33.5 ( 1.2) 100.0 19.9 15.7 22.3 42.1 1998 2 ........... 11.8 ( 0.3) 22.3 ( 0.7) 14.9 ( 0.6) 7.7 ( 0.5) 3.5 ( 0.3) 100.0 55.1 ( 1.2) 10.3 ( 0.7) 34.6 ( 1.2) 100.0 21.0 14.9 21.4 42.6 1999 2 ........... 11.2 ( 0.3) 21.0 ( 0.7) 14.3 ( 0.6) 7.4 ( 0.4) 3.9 ( 0.3) 100.0 55.6 ( 1.2) 10.0 ( 0.7) 34.4 ( 1.2) 100.0 22.2 16.3 22.5 39.0 2000 2 ........... 10.9 ( 0.3) 20.7 ( 0.7) 12.8 ( 0.6) 8.3 ( 0.5) 3.5 ( 0.3) 100.0 56.9 ( 1.2) 12.3 ( 0.8) 30.8 ( 1.2) 100.0 21.5 15.3 23.1 40.0   Not available. 1 Includes persons employed, but not currently working. 2 Data may not be comparable with figures for earlier years because of changes in data collection procedures.

NOTE: `` Status'' dropouts are 16 to 24 year olds who are not enrolled in school and who have not completed a high school program, regardless of when they left school. People who have received GED credentials are counted as high school completers. Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutionalized population. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 132 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: GRADUATES Table 110.   Students with disabilities exiting the educational system, by age, type of disability, and basis of exit: United States and outlying areas, 1997   98 and 1998   99 Student characteristics Number Percent Graduated with diploma Graduated with certificate Reached maximum age Graduated with diploma Graduated with certificate Reached maximum age 1997   98 1998   99 1997   98 1998   99 1997   98 1998   99 1997   98 1998   99 1997   98 1998   99 1997   98 1998   99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Age group 14 to 21 ( and over) ........................... 147,942 147,081 29,909 29,110 4,607 4,853 28.4 29.1 5.7 5.8 0.9 1.0 14 .................................................. 73 46 82 52 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 15 .................................................. 60 49 52 52 3 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 16 .................................................. 686 526 152 161 6 5 1.0 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 17 .................................................. 25,504 25,545 3,088 3,230 19 42 27.0 27.5 3.3 3.5 0.0 0.0 18 .................................................. 66,310 68,497 11,397 11,628 166 244 52.9 54.4 9.1 9.2 0.1 0.2 19 .................................................. 40,973 40,092 8,464 8,318 119 109 59.6 60.2 12.3 12.5 0.2 0.2 20 .................................................. 9,321 8,037 3,630 2,887 527 761 46.5 45.9 18.1 16.5 2.6 1.4 21 ( and over) ................................ 5,015 4,289 3,044 2,782 3,767 3,691 33.6 31.0 20.4 20.1 25.2 26.7 Type of disability for 14 to 21 year olds and over All disabilities ..................................... 147,942 147,081 29,909 29,110 4,607 4,853 28.4 29.1 5.7 5.6 0.9 1.0 Specific learning disabilities ......... 100,138 99,306 13,692 13,636 763 1,025 33.1 33.5 4.5 4.6 0.3 0.3 Mental retardation ........................ 15,292 15,799 10,538 10,261 2,210 2,231 24.8 26.1 17.1 17.0 3.6 3.7 Serious emotional disturbance ..... 14,031 13,641 2,180 1,870 407 403 15.6 16.2 2.4 2.2 0.5 0.5 Speech or language impairments 4,137 4,214 525 493 73 103 17.5 19.7 2.2 2.3 0.3 0.5 Multiple disabilities ....................... 2,061 1,993 937 795 664 555 26.8 27.0 12.2 10.8 8.6 7.5 Other health impairments ............. 5,102 5,357 542 624 64 90 30.5 27.6 3.2 3.2 0.4 0.5 Hearing impairments .................... 2,774 2,554 545 543 68 55 43.3 43.5 8.5 9.2 1.1 0.9 Orthopedic impairments ............... 2,051 1,797 361 384 125 164 35.7 35.6 6.3 7.6 2.2 3.2 Visual impairments ....................... 1,166 1,163 171 142 42 37 46.8 50.2 6.9 6.1 1.7 1.6 Autism ........................................... 384 418 268 235 139 139 25.8 27.2 18.0 15.3 9.3 9.0 Deaf blindness .............................. 132 49 18 17 17 11 55.7 34.3 7.6 11.9 7.2 7.7 Traumatic brain injury ................... 674 790 132 110 35 40 42.3 43.3 8.3 6.0 2.2 2.2 NOTE: Reached maximum age figures reflect an estimate of those who were actually known to have dropped out and do not include youth who simply stopped coming to school or whose status was unknown. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. ( This table was prepared April 2001.)

Table 111.   Postsecondary education and employment status, wages earned, and living arrangements of special education students out of secondary school up to 3 years, by type of disability: 1990 Type of disability Percent in postsecondary education Percent currently competitively employed Average annual total compensation Percent living independently 1 Academic Vocational 1 2 3 4 5 6 All disabilities 2 .................... 16.5 14.7 55.0 $ 5,524 27.8 Learning disabled ..................... 18.7 17.8 63.1 6,932 33.9 Serious emotional disturbance 15.3 13.3 52.0 5,310 21.1 Speech/ language impairments 37.0 17.9 58.5 4,389 36.4 Mental retardation ..................... 2.5 5.7 40.8 3,078 14.8 Visual impairment ..................... 53.9 14.9 30.3 2,027 39.3 Hard of hearing ......................... 35.0 20.0 43.6 2,773 25.9 Deaf .......................................... 28.3 19.9 24.8 1,689 32.3 Orthopedic impairments ........... 30.9 13.4 26.4 1,636 16.6 Other health impairments ......... 35.1 23.5 47.5 4,388 17.2 Multiple disabilities .................... 8.0 4.0 15.8 778 8.0 1 Living independently includes living alone, with a spouse or roommate, in a college dormitory, or in military housing not as a dependent. 2 All conditions includes youth in each of the 11 federal special education disability categories Percentages are reported separately only for categories with at least 25 youth in the sample. NOTE: Data based on students who had been out of school up to 3 years and had attended special and regular schools in the 1985   86 or 1986   87 school years. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, The Seventeenth Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, The National Longitudinal Transition Study, 1995. ( This table was prepared April 1996.) 133 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 112.   Average student proficiency in reading, by age and selected characteristics of students: 1971 to 1999 Selected characteristics of students 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 year olds 1 Total .................................................. 207.6 ( 1.0) 210.0 ( 0.7) 215.0 ( 1.0) 210.9 ( 0.7) 211.8 ( 1.1) 209.2 ( 1.2) 210.5 ( 0.9) 211.0 ( 1.2) 212.5 ( 1.0) 211.7 ( 1.3)

Male .............................................. 201.2 ( 1.1) 204.3 ( 0.8) 210.0 ( 1.1) 207.5 ( 0.8) 207.5 ( 1.4) 204.0 ( 1.7) 205.9 ( 1.3) 207.3 ( 1.3) 207.0 ( 1.4) 208.5 ( 1.6) Female .......................................... 213.9 ( 1.0) 215.8 ( 0.8) 220.1 ( 1.1) 214.2 ( 0.8) 216.3 ( 1.3) 214.5 ( 1.2) 215.4 ( 0.9) 214.7 ( 1.4) 217.8 ( 1.1) 214.8 ( 1.5) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ..................... 214.0 ( 0.9) 216.6 ( 0.7) 221.3 ( 0.8) 218.2 ( 0.8) 217.7 ( 1.4) 217.0 ( 1.3) 217.9 ( 1.0) 218.0 ( 1.3) 219.6 ( 1.2) 221.0 ( 1.6) Black, non Hispanic ...................... 170.1 ( 1.7) 181.2 ( 1.2) 189.3 ( 1.8) 185.7 ( 1.1) 188.5 ( 2.4) 181.8 ( 2.9) 184.5 ( 2.2) 185.4 ( 2.3) 190.9 ( 2.6) 185.5 ( 2.3) Hispanic ........................................ ( 2)   182.7 ( 2.2) 190.2 ( 2.3) 187.2 ( 2.1) 193.7 ( 3.5) 189.4 ( 2.3) 191.7 ( 3.1) 185.9 ( 3.9) 194.8 ( 3.4) 193.0 ( 2.7) Parental education Not high school graduate ............. 188.6 ( 1.5) 189.9 ( 1.3) 194.3 ( 1.6) 195.1 ( 1.4) 192.5 ( 4.9) 192.6 ( 3.2) 194.9 ( 4.5) 189.1 ( 4.0) 197.3 ( 3.4) 199.1 ( 3.9) Graduated high school ................. 207.8 ( 1.2) 211.3 ( 0.9) 213.0 ( 1.3) 208.9 ( 1.0) 210.8 ( 2.2) 209.1 ( 1.8) 207.4 ( 1.5) 207.1 ( 2.6) 206.8 ( 2.0) 206.2 ( 2.0) Post high school ........................... 223.9 ( 1.1) 221.5 ( 0.9) 226.0 ( 1.1) 222.9 ( 0.9) 220.0 ( 1.7) 217.7 ( 2.0) 219.5 ( 1.4) 221.0 ( 1.3) 219.4 ( 1.4) 219.7 ( 1.7) Control of school Public ............................................         213.5 ( 1.1) 209.4 ( 0.8) 210.2 ( 1.2) 207.5 ( 1.4) 208.6 ( 1.0) 209.4 ( 1.4) 210.2 ( 1.0) 209.9 ( 1.3) Private ..........................................         227.0 ( 1.8) 222.8 ( 1.6) 223.4 ( 3.0) 228.3 ( 3.3) 224.7 ( 2.3) 225.0 ( 2.7) 226.6 ( 3.0) 225.7 ( 3.3) Region Northeast ...................................... 213.0 ( 1.7) 214.8 ( 1.3) 221.1 ( 2.1) 215.7 ( 1.7) 215.2 ( 2.6) 217.4 ( 2.2) 217.6 ( 2.6) 217.4 ( 2.9) 220.0 ( 1.8) 222.0 ( 3.5) Southeast ..................................... 193.9 ( 2.9) 201.1 ( 1.2) 210.3 ( 2.3) 204.3 ( 1.6) 207.2 ( 2.1) 197.4 ( 3.2) 199.3 ( 2.0) 208.4 ( 3.0) 206.0 ( 2.8) 205.0 ( 2.3) Central .......................................... 214.9 ( 1.2) 215.5 ( 1.2) 216.7 ( 1.4) 215.3 ( 1.5) 218.2 ( 2.2) 212.7 ( 2.0) 215.8 ( 1.6) 214.3 ( 2.3) 215.0 ( 2.6) 215.0 ( 3.9) West ............................................. 205.0 ( 2.0) 207.0 ( 2.0) 212.8 ( 1.8) 207.8 ( 1.5) 207.9 ( 2.6) 209.6 ( 2.8) 209.3 ( 2.3) 205.1 ( 2.8) 210.0 ( 1.9) 206.0 ( 1.8)

13 year olds 1 Total .................................................. 255.2 ( 0.9) 255.9 ( 0.8) 258.5 ( 0.9) 257.1 ( 0.5) 257.5 ( 1.0) 256.8 ( 0.8) 259.8 ( 1.2) 257.9 ( 0.9) 257.9 ( 1.0) 259.4 ( 1.0)

Male .............................................. 249.6 ( 1.0) 249.6 ( 0.8) 254.3 ( 1.1) 252.6 ( 0.6) 251.8 ( 1.3) 250.5 ( 1.1) 254.1 ( 1.7) 250.6 ( 1.2) 251.1 ( 1.2) 253.5 ( 1.3) Female .......................................... 260.8 ( 0.9) 262.3 ( 0.9) 262.6 ( 0.9) 261.7 ( 0.6) 263.0 ( 1.0) 263.1 ( 1.1) 265.3 ( 1.2) 265.7 ( 1.2) 264.3 ( 1.2) 265.2 ( 1.2) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ..................... 260.9 ( 0.7) 262.1 ( 0.7) 264.4 ( 0.7) 262.6 ( 0.6) 261.3 ( 1.1) 262.3 ( 0.9) 266.4 ( 1.2) 265.1 ( 1.1) 265.9 ( 1.0) 266.7 ( 1.2) Black, non Hispanic ...................... 222.4 ( 1.2) 225.7 ( 1.2) 232.8 ( 1.5) 236.3 ( 1.0) 242.9 ( 2.4) 241.5 ( 2.2) 237.6 ( 2.3) 234.3 ( 2.4) 234.0 ( 2.6) 238.2 ( 2.4) Hispanic ........................................ ( 2)   232.5 ( 3.0) 237.2 ( 2.0) 239.6 ( 1.7) 240.1 ( 3.5) 237.8 ( 2.3) 239.2 ( 3.5) 235.1 ( 1.9) 238.3 ( 2.9) 243.8 ( 2.9) Parental education Not high school graduate ............. 238.4 ( 1.3) 238.7 ( 1.2) 238.5 ( 1.1) 240.0 ( 0.9) 246.5 ( 2.1) 240.8 ( 1.8) 239.2 ( 2.6) 236.7 ( 2.4) 239.3 ( 2.8) 237.9 ( 3.4) Graduated high school ................. 255.5 ( 0.8) 254.6 ( 0.7) 253.5 ( 0.9) 253.4 ( 0.7) 252.7 ( 1.2) 251.4 ( 0.9) 252.1 ( 1.7) 251.4 ( 1.4) 250.9 ( 1.5) 251.4 ( 1.8) Post high school ........................... 270.2 ( 0.8) 269.8 ( 0.8) 270.9 ( 0.8) 267.6 ( 0.7) 265.3 ( 1.4) 266.9 ( 1.0) 269.9 ( 1.4) 268.5 ( 1.2) 268.7 ( 1.2) 269.6 ( 1.1) Control of school Public ............................................         256.9 ( 1.1) 255.2 ( 0.6) 256.1 ( 1.0) 255.0 ( 0.8) 257.2 ( 1.3) 255.6 ( 1.0) 256.0 ( 1.1) 256.9 ( 1.4) Private ..........................................         270.6 ( 1.5) 271.2 ( 1.7) 268.3 ( 2.8) 269.7 ( 2.9) 276.3 ( 2.6) 275.8 ( 3.4) 273.0 ( 3.4) 276.4 ( 3.4) Region Northeast ...................................... 261.1 ( 2.0) 258.5 ( 1.8) 260.0 ( 1.8) 260.4 ( 0.6) 258.6 ( 2.4) 258.9 ( 1.8) 264.6 ( 3.2) 269.0 ( 2.0) 259.0 ( 2.6) 263.0 ( 2.9) Southeast ..................................... 244.7 ( 1.7) 249.3 ( 1.5) 252.6 ( 1.6) 256.4 ( 1.5) 257.6 ( 2.2) 255.5 ( 2.2) 253.8 ( 2.5) 252.7 ( 2.5) 251.0 ( 3.3) 254.0 ( 2.4) Central .......................................... 260.1 ( 1.8) 261.5 ( 1.4) 264.5 ( 1.4) 258.8 ( 1.0) 255.9 ( 2.0) 257.4 ( 1.5) 263.5 ( 3.0) 259.3 ( 3.3) 267.0 ( 1.8) 261.0 ( 1.9) West ............................................. 253.6 ( 1.3) 253.2 ( 1.7) 256.4 ( 2.0) 253.8 ( 0.9) 257.9 ( 2.1) 255.6 ( 1.6) 257.5 ( 1.6) 252.9 ( 2.1) 257.0 ( 1.7) 259.0 ( 2.2)

17 year olds 1 Total .................................................. 285.2 ( 1.2) 285.6 ( 0.8) 285.5 ( 1.2) 288.8 ( 0.6) 290.1 ( 1.0) 290.2 ( 1.1) 289.7 ( 1.1) 288.1 ( 1.3) 287.6 ( 1.1) 287.8 ( 1.3)

Male .............................................. 278.9 ( 1.2) 279.7 ( 1.0) 281.8 ( 1.3) 283.8 ( 0.6) 286.0 ( 1.5) 284.0 ( 1.6) 284.2 ( 1.6) 281.7 ( 2.2) 280.6 ( 1.3) 281.5 ( 1.6) Female .......................................... 291.3 ( 1.3) 291.2 ( 1.0) 289.2 ( 1.2) 293.9 ( 0.8) 293.8 ( 1.5) 296.5 ( 1.2) 295.7 ( 1.1) 294.7 ( 1.5) 295.1 ( 1.2) 294.6 ( 1.4) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ..................... 291.4 ( 1.0) 293.0 ( 0.6) 292.8 ( 0.9) 295.2 ( 0.7) 294.7 ( 1.2) 296.6 ( 1.2) 297.4 ( 1.4) 295.7 ( 1.5) 295.1 ( 1.2) 294.6 ( 1.4) Black, non Hispanic ...................... 238.7 ( 1.7) 240.6 ( 2.0) 243.1 ( 1.8) 264.3 ( 1.0) 274.4 ( 2.4) 267.3 ( 2.3) 260.6 ( 2.1) 266.2 ( 3.9) 266.1 ( 2.7) 263.9 ( 1.7) Hispanic ........................................ ( 2)   252.4 ( 3.6) 261.4 ( 2.7) 268.1 ( 2.2) 270.8 ( 4.3) 274.8 ( 3.6) 271.2 ( 3.7) 263.2 ( 4.9) 265.4 ( 4.1) 270.7 ( 3.9) Parental education Not high school graduate ............. 261.3 ( 1.5) 262.5 ( 1.3) 262.1 ( 1.5) 269.4 ( 1.1) 267.4 ( 2.0) 269.7 ( 2.8) 270.8 ( 3.9) 267.9 ( 2.7) 267.3 ( 3.2) 264.8 ( 3.6) Graduated high school ................. 283.0 ( 1.2) 281.4 ( 1.1) 277.5 ( 1.0) 281.2 ( 0.7) 282.0 ( 1.3) 282.9 ( 1.4) 280.5 ( 1.6) 276.1 ( 1.9) 273.4 ( 1.7) 273.9 ( 2.1) Post high school ........................... 302.2 ( 1.0) 300.6 ( 0.7) 298.9 ( 1.0) 301.2 ( 0.7) 299.5 ( 1.3) 299.9 ( 1.1) 298.6 ( 1.4) 298.5 ( 1.4) 297.7 ( 1.2) 297.5 ( 1.2) Control of school Public ............................................         284.4 ( 1.2) 287.2 ( 0.6) 288.7 ( 1.0) 288.6 ( 1.1) 287.8 ( 1.0) 286.0 ( 1.5) 287.0 ( 1.1) 285.6 ( 1.3) Private ..........................................         298.4 ( 2.7) 303.0 ( 2.0) 299.6 ( 3.8) 311.0 ( 4.2) 309.6 ( 4.2) 306.1 ( 5.8) 294.2 ( 5.7) 307.2 ( 3.5) Region Northeast ...................................... 291.3 ( 2.8) 289.1 ( 1.7) 285.9 ( 2.4) 292.2 ( 1.9) 294.8 ( 2.9) 295.7 ( 1.8) 297.3 ( 3.2) 296.8 ( 4.2) 292.0 ( 2.8) 295.0 ( 4.0) Southeast ..................................... 270.5 ( 2.4) 276.5 ( 1.4) 280.1 ( 2.2) 284.7 ( 1.6) 285.5 ( 2.1) 285.1 ( 2.5) 278.4 ( 2.9) 283.5 ( 2.8) 279.0 ( 2.6) 279.0 ( 2.4) Central .......................................... 290.7 ( 2.1) 291.8 ( 1.4) 287.4 ( 2.2) 290.0 ( 1.4) 291.2 ( 1.9) 293.5 ( 2.4) 293.8 ( 2.1) 285.7 ( 3.7) 293.0 ( 2.1) 292.0 ( 1.5) West ............................................. 283.7 ( 1.8) 281.6 ( 1.9) 287.3 ( 2.1) 288.4 ( 1.1) 289.0 ( 1.8) 286.8 ( 2.6) 290.4 ( 2.3) 287.8 ( 2.8) 287.0 ( 2.4) 286.0 ( 3.0)

  Not available. 1 Excludes persons not enrolled in school. 2 Test scores of Hispanics were not tabulated separately.

NOTE: These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material. A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information. A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared August 2000.) 134 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 113.   Student proficiency in reading, by percentile, age, and sex: 1971 to 1999 Percentile 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 Total Male Female 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 9 year olds Average ................................................................. 207.6 ( 1.0) 210.0 ( 0.7) 215.0 ( 1.0) 210.9 ( 0.7) 211.8 ( 1.1) 209.2 ( 1.2) 210.5 ( 0.9) 211.0 ( 1.2) 212.5 ( 1.0) 211.7 ( 1.3) 208.5 ( 1.6) 214.8 ( 1.5)

Standard deviation ................................................. 42.1 ( 0.4) 38.6 ( 0.3) 37.9 ( 0.4) 41.1 ( 0.4) 41.2 ( 1.0) 44.7 ( 0.8) 40.3 ( 0.6) 40.5 ( 0.8) 39.0 ( 0.8) 39.1 ( 0.7) 40.6 ( 0.9) 37.5 ( 0.9)

Percentiles 5th ...................................................................... 134.8 ( 2.0) 143.2 ( 1.3) 148.5 ( 1.6) 140.5 ( 1.2) 141.9 ( 3.6) 134.8 ( 3.2) 140.7 ( 1.6) 140.1 ( 2.6) 144.6 ( 2.4) 143.4 ( 1.3) 138.8 ( 1.6) 149.7 ( 3.1)

10th .................................................................... 151.6 ( 1.6) 159.2 ( 1.1) 165.1 ( 1.4) 156.7 ( 1.2) 156.7 ( 2.1) 150.1 ( 1.9) 156.0 ( 1.5) 155.6 ( 2.5) 159.7 ( 2.1) 158.3 ( 1.4) 152.9 ( 2.3) 164.2 ( 2.6)

25th .................................................................... 180.0 ( 1.3) 185.2 ( 0.8) 191.1 ( 1.2) 183.7 ( 1.2) 184.3 ( 1.8) 178.7 ( 1.8) 183.1 ( 1.5) 184.1 ( 1.9) 186.1 ( 1.3) 185.0 ( 2.0) 180.3 ( 1.8) 189.3 ( 1.6)

50th .................................................................... 209.3 ( 1.0) 211.9 ( 0.8) 217.2 ( 0.9) 212.6 ( 1.0) 213.7 ( 1.4) 210.3 ( 1.5) 213.6 ( 0.9) 214.8 ( 1.1) 215.4 ( 1.2) 214.8 ( 1.7) 211.5 ( 2.3) 218.0 ( 2.7)

75th .................................................................... 236.7 ( 1.0) 236.5 ( 0.9) 241.3 ( 1.0) 239.6 ( 0.9) 240.1 ( 1.3) 240.3 ( 1.8) 239.3 ( 1.2) 240.0 ( 1.5) 240.3 ( 1.0) 239.4 ( 1.4) 237.1 ( 2.1) 241.4 ( 1.6)

90th .................................................................... 260.5 ( 0.8) 258.1 ( 0.8) 261.7 ( 1.1) 262.8 ( 0.9) 263.0 ( 1.7) 265.7 ( 1.8) 259.9 ( 1.2) 260.1 ( 1.6) 259.7 ( 1.0) 259.3 ( 1.1) 258.4 ( 3.0) 259.9 ( 2.7)

95th .................................................................... 274.1 ( 0.9) 270.6 ( 0.1) 273.3 ( 1.6) 276.5 ( 1.4) 277.5 ( 2.0) 280.4 ( 1.3) 272.1 ( 1.2) 271.7 ( 1.5) 271.8 ( 1.3) 272.3 ( 2.3) 271.8 ( 3.4) 272.6 ( 2.0)

13 year olds Average ................................................................. 255.2 ( 0.9) 255.9 ( 0.8) 258.5 ( 0.9) 257.1 ( 0.6) 257.5 ( 1.0) 256.8 ( 0.8) 259.8 ( 1.2) 257.9 ( 0.9) 257.9 ( 1.0) 259.4 ( 1.0) 253.5 ( 1.3) 265.2 ( 1.2)

Standard deviation ................................................. 35.7 ( 0.4) 35.8 ( 0.3) 34.9 ( 0.4) 35.5 ( 0.3) 34.7 ( 0.5) 36.0 ( 0.6) 39.4 ( 0.8) 39.8 ( 0.7) 39.1 ( 0.9) 38.4 ( 0.8) 38.9 ( 1.1) 37.0 ( 1.0)

Percentiles 5th ...................................................................... 192.8 ( 1.8) 193.5 ( 1.1) 199.1 ( 1.9) 196.7 ( 1.1) 199.5 ( 1.7) 195.7 ( 1.9) 190.9 ( 2.8) 188.2 ( 4.9) 189.1 ( 2.3) 193.4 ( 2.6) 186.3 ( 3.6) 203.0 ( 3.0)

10th .................................................................... 207.8 ( 1.4) 208.7 ( 1.0) 212.8 ( 1.5) 210.2 ( 0.9) 212.9 ( 1.2) 209.8 ( 1.8) 207.9 ( 1.9) 205.1 ( 1.7) 206.4 ( 2.1) 209.2 ( 1.6) 201.4 ( 1.9) 217.5 ( 2.4)

25th .................................................................... 232.3 ( 1.2) 232.9 ( 1.0) 235.3 ( 1.1) 233.9 ( 0.8) 234.2 ( 1.2) 233.2 ( 1.0) 234.7 ( 1.8) 232.5 ( 1.2) 233.1 ( 1.5) 234.2 ( 1.1) 227.4 ( 2.0) 240.4 ( 1.2)

50th .................................................................... 257.0 ( 1.0) 257.7 ( 0.9) 259.6 ( 0.8) 258.2 ( 0.8) 257.9 ( 1.1) 257.3 ( 0.9) 261.6 ( 1.6) 260.1 ( 1.1) 260.1 ( 0.9) 261.0 ( 1.5) 255.2 ( 1.4) 266.3 ( 1.5)

75th .................................................................... 279.9 ( 0.8) 280.6 ( 0.8) 282.8 ( 0.8) 281.6 ( 0.6) 281.4 ( 1.4) 281.5 ( 0.8) 287.0 ( 1.4) 285.2 ( 1.1) 284.8 ( 0.8) 285.8 ( 1.6) 281.1 ( 2.4) 290.7 ( 2.6)

90th .................................................................... 299.6 ( 0.9) 300.5 ( 1.0) 302.3 ( 0.8) 301.7 ( 0.8) 301.6 ( 1.0) 302.0 ( 1.0) 309.2 ( 1.8) 307.4 ( 1.4) 306.1 ( 1.4) 308.2 ( 2.4) 302.3 ( 2.3) 312.3 ( 2.1)

95th .................................................................... 310.8 ( 0.9) 311.8 ( 1.0) 313.9 ( 0.8) 313.7 ( 1.0) 313.7 ( 1.3) 314.4 ( 1.3) 321.9 ( 2.6) 320.3 ( 1.4) 319.3 ( 1.8) 320.1 ( 1.2) 313.7 ( 1.7) 324.9 ( 2.0)

17 year olds Average ................................................................. 285.2 ( 1.2) 285.6 ( 0.8) 285.5 ( 1.2) 288.8 ( 0.8) 290.1 ( 1.0) 290.2 ( 1.1) 289.7 ( 1.1) 288.1 ( 1.3) 287.6 ( 1.1) 287.8 ( 1.3) 281.5 ( 1.6) 294.6 ( 1.4)

Standard deviation ................................................. 45.8 ( 0.5) 44.0 ( 0.6) 41.8 ( 0.6) 40.3 ( 0.3) 37.1 ( 0.7) 41.3 ( 0.7) 43.0 ( 0.6) 44.4 ( 1.0) 42.2 ( 0.8) 41.8 ( 0.8) 42.8 ( 1.2) 39.6 ( 0.8)

Percentiles 5th ...................................................................... 206.1 ( 1.5) 209.3 ( 3.0) 213.0 ( 1.7) 219.9 ( 1.3) 226.1 ( 1.3) 220.0 ( 2.3) 214.3 ( 2.9) 210.8 ( 3.6) 214.1 ( 2.5) 215.0 ( 4.5) 206.8 ( 3.2) 228.7 ( 5.7)

10th .................................................................... 225.3 ( 1.7) 228.4 ( 1.7) 230.6 ( 1.8) 236.0 ( 0.9) 241.5 ( 2.2) 236.9 ( 3.1) 232.7 ( 2.7) 230.0 ( 3.1) 232.0 ( 1.7) 233.1 ( 3.7) 224.5 ( 2.3) 244.4 ( 1.9)

25th .................................................................... 255.9 ( 1.6) 257.8 ( 1.1) 258.7 ( 1.2) 262.5 ( 1.1) 265.7 ( 1.8) 263.5 ( 1.3) 262.6 ( 1.1) 259.8 ( 1.8) 259.9 ( 1.1) 260.7 ( 2.2) 253.0 ( 2.2) 268.4 ( 1.6)

50th .................................................................... 287.7 ( 1.4) 287.9 ( 0.7) 287.5 ( 1.4) 290.3 ( 0.9) 291.1 ( 1.9) 291.1 ( 1.3) 293.0 ( 1.2) 289.9 ( 1.8) 288.9 ( 1.9) 289.2 ( 1.8) 283.2 ( 1.6) 295.3 ( 1.6)

75th .................................................................... 316.7 ( 1.0) 315.7 ( 0.7) 314.6 ( 1.2) 316.8 ( 0.9) 316.0 ( 1.4) 318.6 ( 1.5) 319.4 ( 1.4) 318.7 ( 1.8) 316.4 ( 1.6) 316.4 ( 1.2) 311.2 ( 1.9) 321.6 ( 1.9)

90th .................................................................... 341.7 ( 1.1) 340.0 ( 0.9) 337.5 ( 1.4) 339.6 ( 0.7) 336.9 ( 2.1) 342.7 ( 2.1) 342.7 ( 1.8) 343.0 ( 1.8) 341.0 ( 1.7) 340.6 ( 2.2) 335.3 ( 2.6) 345.4 ( 2.9)

95th .................................................................... 356.5 ( 1.5) 354.3 ( 0.7) 350.9 ( 1.3) 352.6 ( 1.0) 348.7 ( 1.8) 356.0 ( 1.7) 355.8 ( 1.9) 357.7 ( 1.7) 355.1 ( 2.6) 355.1 ( 1.7) 350.3 ( 6.4) 359.1 ( 3.0)

NOTE: All age groups exclude persons not enrolled in school. These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize, and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas,

and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information. A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple, discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Some data revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared August 2000.) 135 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 114.   Student proficiency in reading, by age, amount of time spent on homework, and reading habits: 1984, 1994, 1996, and 1999 Time spent on homework and reading habits 9 year olds 13 year olds 17 year olds 1984 1994 1996 1999 1984 1994 1996 1999 1984 1994 1996 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Average proficiency Materials read a few times a year or more Poems ................................................... 211 ( 1.9) 210 ( 2.9) 215 ( 2.8) 213 ( 2.7) 260 ( 1.2) 261 ( 2.3) 262 ( 2.5) 263 ( 1.9) 290 ( 1.5) 293 ( 2.1) 294 ( 2.8) 292 ( 2.6) Plays ..................................................... 211 ( 2.5) 207 ( 3.0) 214 ( 4.1) 211 ( 3.7) 260 ( 1.3) 263 ( 2.1) 262 ( 2.4) 264 ( 2.3) 290 ( 1.7) 294 ( 2.4) 293 ( 2.3) 294 ( 2.7) Biographies ........................................... 213 ( 2.4) 210 ( 3.4) 220 ( 3.2) 215 ( 3.0) 261 ( 1.3) 261 ( 2.1) 262 ( 2.3) 263 ( 2.1) 292 ( 1.4) 293 ( 2.4) 293 ( 2.3) 291 ( 2.8) Science books ....................................... 212 ( 1.6) 211 ( 2.6) 214 ( 2.0) 213 ( 2.1) 259 ( 1.2) 260 ( 2.1) 261 ( 2.2) 261 ( 1.7) 289 ( 1.4) 293 ( 2.4) 290 ( 2.2) 291 ( 2.3) Books about other times ....................... 211 ( 1.7) 211 ( 2.6) 213 ( 2.3) 213 ( 2.5) 259 ( 1.1) 260 ( 2.2) 262 ( 2.2) 262 ( 2.1) 289 ( 1.4) 293 ( 2.3) 292 ( 2.8) 292 ( 2.0)

Frequency of reading for fun Daily ...................................................... 214 ( 1.1) 215 ( 2.3) 213 ( 2.0) 215 ( 2.4) 264 ( 1.4) 272 ( 3.2) 269 ( 3.3) 272 ( 3.2) 297 ( 1.5) 302 ( 4.2) 302 ( 5.2) 301 ( 4.9) Weekly .................................................. 212 ( 1.7) 214 ( 3.1) 212 ( 2.6) 215 ( 2.6) 255 ( 1.4) 255 ( 3.1) 258 ( 3.2) 263 ( 3.2) 290 ( 1.7) 286 ( 4.1) 293 ( 4.0) 289 ( 2.9) Monthly .................................................. 204 ( 3.3) 213 ( 5.8) 210 ( 5.0) 211 ( 4.2) 255 ( 2.1) 255 ( 5.7) 259 ( 4.6) 260 ( 3.7) 290 ( 1.8) 286 ( 4.5) 290 ( 5.6) 286 ( 4.8) Yearly .................................................... 197 ( 4.2)             252 ( 3.6) 252 ( 5.4)     253 ( 4.4) 279 ( 2.7) 281 ( 8.2) 285 ( 5.6) 283 ( 4.4) Never ..................................................... 198 ( 2.7) 193 ( 3.9) 199 ( 4.3) 195 ( 3.3) 239 ( 2.5) 237 ( 5.1) 236 ( 4.8) 242 ( 5.3) 269 ( 2.4) 258 ( 5.2) 270 ( 5.0) 262 ( 5.0)

Reading of books, newspapers, and magazines Yearly/ monthly ...................................... 207 ( 1.6) 206 ( 3.8) 208 ( 3.1) 209 ( 2.9) 244 ( 1.7) 245 ( 3.7) 249 ( 3.4) 252 ( 2.9) 270 ( 2.0) 279 ( 4.0) 275 ( 4.5) 276 ( 3.8) Weekly .................................................. 219 ( 2.5) 216 ( 3.7) 221 ( 4.7) 220 ( 3.5) 261 ( 1.6) 262 ( 2.6) 262 ( 3.0) 261 ( 3.3) 288 ( 1.5) 295 ( 2.8) 294 ( 3.2) 292 ( 2.2) Daily ...................................................... 211 ( 3.8)         214 ( 6.3) 269 ( 2.2) 275 ( 3.9) 270 ( 3.4) 271 ( 4.0) 299 ( 1.9) 296 ( 4.0) 295 ( 4.8) 299 ( 6.5)

Time spent on homework None ...................................................... 212 ( 0.9) 213 ( 2.0) 210 ( 1.9) 210 ( 1.9) 254 ( 0.8) 250 ( 1.7) 254 ( 1.3) 251 ( 2.0) 276 ( 0.7) 273 ( 2.3) 274 ( 1.9) 275 ( 2.3) Didn't do assignment ............................ 199 ( 2.1) 200 ( 4.3) 196 ( 5.2) 204 ( 4.4) 247 ( 1.7) 243 ( 5.6) 249 ( 3.3) 249 ( 4.2) 287 ( 1.2) 285 ( 2.1) 281 ( 2.2) 282 ( 3.1) Less than 1 hour ................................... 217 ( 0.7) 212 ( 1.4) 215 ( 1.0) 214 ( 1.5) 261 ( 0.6) 261 ( 1.3) 258 ( 1.6) 262 ( 1.2) 290 ( 0.8) 288 ( 1.6) 289 ( 1.5) 291 ( 2.3) 1 to 2 hours ........................................... 216 ( 1.3) 214 ( 3.0) 219 ( 2.1) 215 ( 3.2) 266 ( 0.7) 268 ( 1.7) 266 ( 1.6) 269 ( 1.6) 296 ( 0.8) 297 ( 1.7) 296 ( 2.1) 296 ( 2.0) More than 2 hours ................................ 201 ( 1.8) 193 ( 6.1) 199 ( 4.5) 197 ( 3.5) 265 ( 1.2) 270 ( 2.4) 268 ( 2.3) 269 ( 3.0) 303 ( 1.1) 306 ( 3.1) 307 ( 3.4) 300 ( 2.8)

Percent Materials read a few times a year or more Poems ................................................... 70 ( 1.5) 62 ( 2.3) 60 ( 1.9) 64 ( 2.4) 68 ( 1.3) 79 ( 1.4) 80 ( 1.9) 77 ( 1.6) 76 ( 1.1) 85 ( 2.2) 80 ( 1.8) 85 ( 2.0) Plays ..................................................... 56 ( 1.4) 45 ( 2.2) 42 ( 2.3) 44 ( 2.2) 59 ( 1.4) 63 ( 2.3) 67 ( 2.1) 61 ( 1.8) 63 ( 1.0) 70 ( 2.1) 67 ( 1.6) 72 ( 2.0) Biographies ........................................... 45 ( 1.5) 47 ( 2.1) 46 ( 2.4) 49 ( 3.0) 62 ( 1.3) 68 ( 1.7) 65 ( 2.6) 72 ( 2.1) 59 ( 1.2) 69 ( 1.8) 66 ( 1.7) 70 ( 1.9) Science books ....................................... 84 ( 1.3) 87 ( 1.8) 83 ( 2.2) 80 ( 1.6) 90 ( 1.1) 92 ( 1.4) 90 ( 1.9) 89 ( 1.2) 70 ( 1.1) 84 ( 1.9) 82 ( 2.0) 84 ( 1.3) Books about other times ....................... 79 ( 1.2) 79 ( 2.0) 78 ( 1.6) 79 ( 1.9) 83 ( 1.1) 83 ( 1.8) 84 ( 1.8) 84 ( 1.3) 81 ( 0.9) 82 ( 2.0) 81 ( 1.9) 81 ( 2.0)

Frequency of reading for fun 100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   Daily ...................................................... 53 ( 1.0) 58 ( 1.6) 54 ( 1.9) 54 ( 1.6) 35 ( 1.0) 32 ( 1.8) 32 ( 1.9) 28 ( 1.7) 31 ( 0.8) 30 ( 2.6) 23 ( 2.0) 25 ( 1.7) Weekly .................................................. 28 ( 0.8) 25 ( 1.5) 27 ( 1.8) 26 ( 1.5) 35 ( 1.2) 32 ( 2.1) 31 ( 2.1) 36 ( 1.7) 34 ( 1.1) 31 ( 1.9) 32 ( 2.7) 28 ( 2.7) Monthly .................................................. 7 ( 0.6) 5 ( 0.6) 8 ( 1.0) 6 ( 0.6) 14 ( 0.8) 14 ( 1.7) 15 ( 1.4) 17 ( 1.6) 17 ( 0.5) 15 ( 1.5) 17 ( 1.5) 19 ( 1.7) Yearly .................................................... 3 ( 0.3) 3 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.5) 4 ( 0.7) 7 ( 0.5) 10 ( 1.2) 9 ( 1.2) 10 ( 1.2) 10 ( 0.5) 12 ( 1.5) 12 ( 1.6) 12 ( 1.4) Never ..................................................... 9 ( 0.5) 9 ( 0.8) 8 ( 0.8) 10 ( 0.8) 8 ( 0.6) 12 ( 1.7) 13 ( 1.5) 9 ( 1.4) 9 ( 0.6) 12 ( 1.4) 16 ( 2.1) 16 ( 2.4)

Reading of books, newspapers, and magazines 100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   Yearly/ monthly ...................................... 59 ( 1.5) 64 ( 1.8) 67 ( 2.3) 63 ( 2.6) 30 ( 1.5) 34 ( 2.5) 32 ( 2.6) 32 ( 2.3) 20 ( 1.0) 22 ( 1.7) 25 ( 2.1) 26 ( 2.1) Weekly .................................................. 31 ( 1.5) 27 ( 1.8) 22 ( 1.9) 27 ( 2.4) 49 ( 1.1) 47 ( 2.5) 47 ( 2.2) 49 ( 2.2) 53 ( 1.2) 55 ( 2.3) 52 ( 2.6) 52 ( 2.2) Daily ...................................................... 11 ( 0.9) 9 ( 1.3) 10 ( 1.2) 11 ( 1.2) 21 ( 1.1) 19 ( 1.7) 21 ( 1.7) 19 ( 1.9) 27 ( 1.3) 23 ( 1.8) 23 ( 1.9) 21 ( 2.1)

Time spent on homework 100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   100   None ...................................................... 36 ( 1.3) 32 ( 2.1) 26 ( 1.6) 26 ( 1.6) 23 ( 0.8) 23 ( 1.4) 22 ( 1.8) 24 ( 1.2) 22 ( 0.9) 23 ( 1.4) 23 ( 1.4) 26 ( 1.0) Didn't do assignment ............................ 4 ( 0.3) 4 ( 0.4) 4 ( 0.3) 4 ( 0.3) 4 ( 0.2) 6 ( 0.6) 5 ( 0.5) 5 ( 0.4) 11 ( 0.3) 11 ( 0.6) 13 ( 0.6) 13 ( 0.7) Less than 1 hour ................................... 41 ( 1.0) 48 ( 1.7) 53 ( 1.5) 53 ( 1.4) 36 ( 0.7) 34 ( 1.0) 37 ( 1.2) 37 ( 1.4) 26 ( 0.4) 27 ( 0.9) 28 ( 0.9) 26 ( 1.0) 1 to 2 hours ........................................... 13 ( 0.5) 12 ( 0.7) 13 ( 0.7) 12 ( 0.7) 29 ( 0.5) 28 ( 1.0) 27 ( 1.2) 26 ( 1.0) 27 ( 0.5) 26 ( 1.2) 24 ( 1.0) 23 ( 0.8) More than 2 hours ................................ 6 ( 0.2) 4 ( 0.4) 4 ( 0.3) 5 ( 0.5) 9 ( 0.3) 9 ( 0.7) 8 ( 0.9) 8 ( 0.8) 13 ( 0.6) 13 ( 0.9) 11 ( 0.7) 12 ( 0.9)

  Not available.

NOTE: All age groups exclude persons not enrolled in school. These test scores are from the National Assessment of Educational Progress ( NAEP). The NAEP scores have been evaluated at certain performance levels. A score of 300 implies an ability to find, understand, summarize and explain relatively complicated literary and informational material A score of 250 implies an ability to search for specific information, interrelate ideas, and make generalizations about literature, science, and social studies materials. A score of 200 implies an ability to understand, combine ideas, and make inferences based on short uncomplicated passages about specific or sequentially related information A score of 150 implies an ability to follow brief written directions and carry out simple discrete reading tasks. Scale ranges from 0 to 500. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP Trends in Academic Progress, various years, by Educational Testing Service. ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 136 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ACHIEVEMENT Table 115.   Percent of students at or above selected reading proficiency levels, by sex, race/ ethnicity, and age: 1971 to 1999 Sex, race/ ethnicity, and level 1971 1975 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 9 year olds 1 Total Level 150 2 .......................................... 90.6 ( 0.5) 93.1 ( 0.4) 94.6 ( 0.4) 92.3 ( 0.3) 92.7 ( 0.7) 90.1 ( 0.9) 92.3 ( 0.4) 92.1 ( 0.7) 93.5 ( 0.6) 93.0 ( 0.7) Level 200 3 .......................................... 58.7 ( 1.0) 62.1 ( 0.8) 67.7 ( 1.0) 61.5 ( 0.7) 62.6 ( 1.3) 58.9 ( 1.3) 62.0 ( 1.1) 63.3 ( 1.4) 64.2 ( 1.3) 63.7 ( 1.4) Level 250 4 .......................................... 15.6 ( 0.6) 14.6 ( 0.6) 17.7 ( 0.8) 17.2 ( 0.6) 17.5 ( 1.1) 18.4 ( 1.0) 16.2 ( 0.8) 16.5 ( 1.2) 16.7 ( 0.8) 15.9 ( 1.0) Male Level 150 2 .......................................... 87.9 ( 0.7) 91.0 ( 0.5) 92.9 ( 0.5) 90.4 ( 0.5) 90.4 ( 0.9) 87.9 ( 1.4) 90.2 ( 0.8) 90.2 ( 1.0) 91.6 ( 0.8) 91.0 ( 1.1) Level 200 3 .......................................... 52.7 ( 1.2) 56.2 ( 1.0) 62.7 ( 1.1) 58.0 ( 0.9) 58.4 ( 1.8) 53.8 ( 1.9) 56.9 ( 1.6) 59.2 ( 1.5) 58.3 ( 2.0) 61.0 ( 1.8) Level 250 4 .......................................... 12.0 ( 0.6) 11.5 ( 0.6) 14.6 ( 0.9) 15.9 ( 0.7) 15.8 ( 1.4) 16.1 ( 1.2) 14.2 ( 1.0) 15.2 ( 1.2) 14.1 ( 1.3) 15.0 ( 1.3) Female Level 150 2 .......................................... 93.2 ( 0.5) 95.3 ( 0.3) 96.4 ( 0.4) 94.2 ( 0.4) 94.9 ( 1.0) 92.4 ( 1.1) 94.4 ( 0.6) 94.0 ( 0.8) 95.3 ( 0.6) 95.0 ( 0.8) Level 200 3 .......................................... 64.6 ( 1.1) 68.1 ( 0.8) 72.7 ( 1.0) 65.2 ( 0.8) 66.9 ( 1.4) 64.2 ( 1.2) 67.3 ( 1.2) 67.3 ( 1.9) 69.9 ( 1.6) 67.0 ( 1.6) Level 250 4 .......................................... 19.2 ( 0.8) 17.7 ( 0.8) 20.7 ( 1.0) 18.4 ( 0.7) 19.1 ( 1.2) 20.8 ( 1.2) 18.2 ( 1.1) 17.8 ( 1.5) 19.2 ( 1.3) 17.0 ( 1.3) White 5 Level 150 2 .......................................... 94.0 ( 0.4) 96.0 ( 0.3) 97.1 ( 0.2) 95.4 ( 0.3) 95.1 ( 0.7) 93.5 ( 0.9) 95.8 ( 0.5) 95.7 ( 0.5) 96.4 ( 0.6) 97.0 ( 0.4) Level 200 3 .......................................... 65.0 ( 1.0) 69.0 ( 0.8) 74.2 ( 0.7) 68.6 ( 0.8) 68.4 ( 1.6) 66.0 ( 1.4) 69.3 ( 1.2) 70.1 ( 1.5) 71.4 ( 1.5) 73.0 ( 1.6) Level 250 4 .......................................... 18.0 ( 0.7) 17.4 ( 0.7) 21.0 ( 0.9) 20.9 ( 0.7) 20.3 ( 1.5) 22.6 ( 1.2) 19.6 ( 1.0) 19.7 ( 1.5) 20.4 ( 1.1) 20.0 ( 1.4) Black 5 Level 150 2 .......................................... 69.7 ( 1.7) 80.7 ( 1.1) 84.9 ( 1.4) 81.3 ( 1.0) 83.2 ( 2.4) 76.9 ( 2.7) 79.6 ( 2.2) 78.7 ( 2.4) 84.5 ( 1.9) 82.0 ( 2.5) Level 200 3 .......................................... 22.0 ( 1.5) 31.6 ( 1.5) 41.3 ( 1.9) 36.6 ( 1.5) 39.4 ( 2.9) 33.9 ( 3.4) 36.6 ( 2.2) 38.3 ( 2.8) 41.8 ( 3.2) 36.0 ( 3.0) Level 250 4 .......................................... 1.6 ( 0.5) 2.0 ( 0.3) 4.1 ( 0.6) 4.5 ( 0.5) 5.6 ( 1.2) 5.2 ( 1.5) 4.6 ( 0.8) 4.4 ( 1.5) 6.0 ( 1.1) 4.0 ( 1.1) Hispanic Level 150 2 ..........................................     80.8 ( 2.5) 84.5 ( 1.8) 82.0 ( 2.1) 85.6 ( 3.5) 83.7 ( 1.8) 83.4 ( 2.6) 80.4 ( 4.6) 85.8 ( 2.4) 87.0 ( 3.3) Level 200 3 ..........................................     34.6 ( 3.0) 41.6 ( 2.6) 39.6 ( 2.2) 45.9 ( 3.3) 40.9 ( 2.7) 43.1 ( 3.5) 37.1 ( 4.6) 48.0 ( 3.8) 44.0 ( 3.4) Level 250 4 ..........................................     2.6 ( 0.5) 5.0 ( 1.4) 4.3 ( 0.6) 8.6 ( 2.3) 5.8 ( 2.0) 7.2 ( 2.3) 6.4 ( 1.6) 7.1 ( 3.2) 6.0 ( 1.7)

13 year olds 1 Total Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.8 ( 0.0) 99.7 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.1) 99.8 ( 0.0) 99.9 ( 0.1) 99.8 ( 0.1) 99.5 ( 0.3) 99.3 ( 0.2) 99.6 ( 0.2) 99.6 ( 0.2) Level 200 3 .......................................... 93.0 ( 0.5) 93.2 ( 0.4) 94.8 ( 0.4) 93.9 ( 0.3) 94.9 ( 0.6) 93.8 ( 0.6) 92.7 ( 0.7) 91.7 ( 0.6) 92.1 ( 0.7) 93.2 ( 0.7) Level 250 4 .......................................... 57.8 ( 1.1) 58.6 ( 1.0) 60.7 ( 1.1) 59.0 ( 0.6) 58.7 ( 1.3) 58.7 ( 1.0) 61.6 ( 1.4) 60.4 ( 1.2) 59.9 ( 1.3) 60.9 ( 1.5) Level 300 6 .......................................... 9.8 ( 0.5) 10.2 ( 0.5) 11.3 ( 0.5) 11.0 ( 0.4) 10.9 ( 0.8) 11.0 ( 0.6) 15.3 ( 0.9) 14.1 ( 0.8) 13.5 ( 1.0) 14.5 ( 1.1) Male Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.6 ( 0.1) 99.6 ( 0.1) 99.8 ( 0.1) 99.7 ( 0.1) 99.7 ( 0.2) 99.7 ( 0.2) 99.2 ( 0.4) 99.1 ( 0.3) 99.3 ( 0.4) 99.0 ( 0.3) Level 200 3 .......................................... 90.7 ( 0.7) 90.9 ( 0.5) 93.4 ( 0.6) 92.2 ( 0.4) 92.8 ( 1.0) 91.4 ( 0.9) 90.4 ( 1.1) 88.8 ( 1.1) 89.2 ( 1.2) 91.0 ( 0.9) Level 250 4 .......................................... 51.6 ( 1.2) 51.7 ( 1.1) 55.9 ( 1.2) 54.0 ( 0.8) 52.3 ( 1.9) 52.4 ( 1.5) 55.5 ( 2.0) 53.3 ( 1.9) 53.4 ( 1.6) 55.0 ( 1.9) Level 300 6 .......................................... 7.3 ( 0.5) 7.0 ( 0.4) 9.1 ( 0.7) 9.0 ( 0.4) 8.6 ( 0.9) 7.6 ( 0.8) 12.8 ( 1.1) 10.1 ( 0.7) 10.1 ( 1.0) 11.0 ( 1.1) Female Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.9 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.1) 99.9 ( 0.0) 99.9 ( 0.1) 100.0   99.9   99.8   99.6 ( 0.2) 99.8   100.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 95.2 ( 0.4) 95.5 ( 0.4) 96.1 ( 0.4) 95.8 ( 0.3) 96.9 ( 0.6) 96.3 ( 0.6) 95.0 ( 0.7) 94.9 ( 0.6) 94.9 ( 0.6) 96.0 ( 0.7) Level 250 4 .......................................... 64.0 ( 1.1) 65.5 ( 1.2) 65.4 ( 1.1) 64.0 ( 0.7) 65.0 ( 1.4) 65.0 ( 1.5) 67.5 ( 1.4) 67.9 ( 1.7) 66.2 ( 1.6) 66.0 ( 1.9) Level 300 6 .......................................... 12.3 ( 0.6) 13.5 ( 0.7) 13.5 ( 0.6) 13.2 ( 0.5) 13.2 ( 0.9) 14.5 ( 0.9) 17.7 ( 1.1) 18.4 ( 1.1) 16.8 ( 1.3) 18.0 ( 1.7) White 5 Level 150 2 .......................................... 99.9 ( 0.0) 99.9 0.0 100.0   99.9 ( 0.0) 99.9   99.9 ( 0.1) 99.8 ( 0.1) 99.6 ( 0.2) 99.7 ( 0.2) 100.0 ( 0.1) Level 200 3 .......................................... 96.2 ( 0.3) 96.4 ( 0.2) 97.1 ( 0.2) 96.2 ( 0.3) 96.0 ( 0.6) 96.0 ( 0.6) 95.9 ( 0.6) 95.0 ( 0.7) 95.5 ( 0.5) 96.0 ( 0.6) Level 250 4 .......................................... 64.2 ( 0.9) 65.5 ( 0.9) 67.8 ( 0.8) 65.3 ( 0.7) 63.7 ( 1.5) 64.8 ( 1.2) 68.5 ( 1.4) 68.1 ( 1.3) 68.7 ( 1.4) 69.0 ( 1.7) Level 300 6 .......................................... 11.3 ( 0.5) 12.1 ( 0.5) 13.6 ( 0.6) 13.1 ( 0.5) 12.4 ( 0.9) 13.3 ( 0.9) 18.1 ( 1.1) 17.2 ( 1.0) 16.9 ( 1.3) 18.0 ( 1.4) Black 5 Level 150 2 .......................................... 98.6 ( 0.3) 98.4 ( 0.3) 99.3 ( 0.3) 99.4 ( 0.2) 99.8   99.4   98.7   98.6   99.4   99.0   Level 200 3 .......................................... 74.2 ( 1.7) 76.9 ( 1.3) 84.1 ( 1.7) 85.5 ( 1.0) 91.3 ( 2.2) 87.7 ( 2.3) 82.0 ( 2.7) 80.6 ( 2.3) 81.5 ( 3.2) 85.0 ( 2.3) Level 250 4 .......................................... 21.1 ( 1.2) 24.8 ( 1.6) 30.1 ( 2.0) 34.6 ( 1.2) 40.2 ( 2.3) 41.7 ( 3.5) 38.4 ( 2.7) 35.6 ( 3.5) 34.0 ( 3.9) 38.0 ( 2.7) Level 300 6 .......................................... 0.8 ( 0.2) 1.5 ( 0.3) 1.8 ( 0.5) 2.8 ( 0.5) 4.6 ( 1.2) 4.6 ( 0.8) 5.7 ( 1.4) 3.9 ( 1.2) 3.0 ( 0.9) 5.0 ( 1.4) Hispanic Level 150 2 ..........................................     99.6 ( 0.3) 99.7   99.5   99.2   99.1 ( 0.5) 98.1   98.7   98.6   100.0   Level 200 3 ..........................................     81.3 ( 2.3) 86.8 ( 2.4) 86.7 ( 1.5) 87.4 ( 2.6) 85.8 ( 2.4) 83.4 ( 3.5) 82.4 ( 2.7) 84.9 ( 3.2) 89.0 ( 2.8) Level 250 4 ..........................................     32.0 ( 3.6) 35.4 ( 2.6) 39.0 ( 2.1) 38.0 ( 4.4) 37.2 ( 2.9) 40.9 ( 5.1) 33.9 ( 3.9) 38.1 ( 3.7) 43.0 ( 3.8) Level 300 6 ..........................................     2.2 ( 1.0) 2.3 ( 0.6) 4.1 ( 0.7) 4.4 ( 1.9) 3.9 ( 1.2) 6.0 ( 1.9) 4.3 ( 1.8) 5.4 ( 1.7) 6.0 ( 1.8)