South Dakota ............... 4,8,11 X X Tennessee ................... 2   9,11 X X X X X ( 7) Texas ........................... 3   8,10   12 X X X X X X X Utah ............................. 1   12 4 X X X X X Vermont ....................... 4,8,10 4 X X X X Virginia ......................... 4,6   12 X X X X X X X Washington .................. 4,8,11 X X X X West Virginia ............... 1   11 X X ( 6) Wisconsin .................... 3,4,8,10 X X Wyoming ...................... 9   12 8 X X 1 Testing program is for instructional purposes. 2 Testing program is for the purpose of student accountability. 3 Testing program is for school accountability. 4 Inclusion is voluntary for students, schools or school districts for one or more grades. 5 States did not administer any statewide assessments for the 1995   96 school year. 6 High school skills guarantee. 7 Endorsed diploma. 8 A sample of students is tested for one or more grades.

9 Honors diploma.

SOURCE: Council of Chief State School Officers, North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, `` Annual Survey of State Student Assessment Programs, Fall 1996.'' ( This table was prepared July 1997.) 168 HIGHER EDUCATION: ENROLLMENT Table 156.   States requiring testing for initial certification of teachers, by authorization, year enacted, year effective, and test used: 1990 and 1998 State Assessment for certification 1990 Assessment for certification 1998 Basic skills exam Knowledge of teaching exam Subject matter exam Assessment of teaching performance Basic skills exam Subject matter exam General knowledge exam Knowledge of teaching exam Assessment of teaching performance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Alabama .................................... ( 1) X X X Alaska ....................................... Arizona ...................................... X X X Arkansas ................................... X X X X X California ................................... X X X X X Colorado ................................... X X X X X X Connecticut ............................... X X X X X Delaware ................................... X X District of Columbia .................. X X X X Florida ....................................... X X X X X X X X Georgia ..................................... X X X X Hawaii ....................................... X X X X X X X Idaho ......................................... X X Illinois ........................................ X X X X Indiana ...................................... X X X X X X X Iowa .......................................... X X X X Kansas ...................................... X X X X Kentucky ................................... X X X X X X Louisiana .................................. X X X X X X X X Maine ........................................ X X X X X X Maryland ................................... X X X X X X X Massachusetts .......................... ( 2) ( 1) Michigan .................................... X X ( 3) Minnesota ................................. X X Mississippi ................................. X X X X X X X Missouri ..................................... X ( 1) X Montana .................................... X X X Nebraska ................................... X X Nevada ..................................... X X X X X X New Hampshire ........................ X X New Jersey ............................... X X ( 4) New Mexico .............................. X X X X X New York .................................. X X North Carolina ........................... X ( 1) X North Dakota ............................. ( 1) X X Ohio 5 ........................................ X X X X X X Oklahoma .................................. X X X X Oregon ...................................... X X X X X ( 6) X X ( 7) Pennsylvania ............................. X X X X X X X Rhode Island ............................. X X X X X X South Carolina .......................... X X X x X South Dakota ............................ X x X Tennessee ................................ X X x X X X Texas ........................................ X X X x X Utah .......................................... X Vermont .................................... Virginia ...................................... X X X X X X X X Washington ............................... X ( 1) West Virginia 8 .......................... X X X X X X Wisconsin .................................. X X Wyoming ...................................

1 For admission to program.

2 Test required for foreign language, bilingual, and English as a Second Language.

3 Elementary certificate exam ( subject area exam).

4 For elementary education.

5 Test requirements set by local school districts.

6 Specialty area exams.

7 For Oregon graduates. 8 Required for individuals entering West Virginia approved education programs as of fall 1985.

SOURCE: Council of Chief State School Officers, `` State Education Indicators, 1990;'' and National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification, `` The NASDTEC Manual, 1996   1997 and 1998   1999: Manual on Certification & Preparation of Educational Personnel in the United States & Canada.'' ( This table was prepared November 1998.) 169 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 157.   Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds: 1919   20 to 1995   96 School year In thousands Percentage distribution Total Federal State Local ( including intermediate) 1 Total Federal State Local ( including intermediate) 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1919   20 .................................... $ 970,121 $ 2,475 $ 160,085 $ 807,561 100.0 0.3 16.5 83.2 1929   30 .................................... 2,088,557 7,334 353,670 1,727,553 100.0 0.4 16.9 82.7 1939   40 .................................... 2,260,527 39,810 684,354 1,536,363 100.0 1.8 30.3 68.0 1941   42 .................................... 2,416,580 34,305 759,993 1,622,281 100.0 1.4 31.4 67.1 1943   44 .................................... 2,604,322 35,886 859,183 1,709,253 100.0 1.4 33.0 65.6 1945   46 .................................... 3,059,845 41,378 1,062,057 1,956,409 100.0 1.4 34.7 63.9 1947   48 .................................... 4,311,534 120,270 1,676,362 2,514,902 100.0 2.8 38.9 58.3 1949   50 .................................... 5,437,044 155,848 2,165,689 3,115,507 100.0 2.9 39.8 57.3 1951   52 .................................... 6,423,816 227,711 2,478,596 3,717,507 100.0 3.5 38.6 57.9 1953   54 .................................... 7,866,852 355,237 2,944,103 4,567,512 100.0 4.5 37.4 58.1 1955   56 .................................... 9,686,677 441,442 3,828,886 5,416,350 100.0 4.6 39.5 55.9 1957   58 .................................... 12,181,513 486,484 4,800,368 6,894,661 100.0 4.0 39.4 56.6 1959   60 .................................... 14,746,618 651,639 5,768,047 8,326,932 100.0 4.4 39.1 56.5 1961   62 .................................... 17,527,707 760,975 6,789,190 9,977,542 100.0 4.3 38.7 56.9 1963   64 .................................... 20,544,182 896,956 8,078,014 11,569,213 100.0 4.4 39.3 56.3 1965   66 .................................... 25,356,858 1,996,954 9,920,219 13,439,686 100.0 7.9 39.1 53.0 1967   68 .................................... 31,903,064 2,806,469 12,275,536 16,821,063 100.0 8.8 38.5 52.7 1969   70 .................................... 40,266,923 3,219,557 16,062,776 20,984,589 100.0 8.0 39.9 52.1 1970   71 .................................... 44,511,292 3,753,461 17,409,086 23,348,745 100.0 8.4 39.1 52.5 1971   72 .................................... 50,003,645 4,467,969 19,133,256 26,402,420 100.0 8.9 38.3 52.8 1972   73 .................................... 52,117,930 4,525,000 20,699,752 26,893,180 100.0 8.7 39.7 51.6 1973   74 .................................... 58,230,892 4,930,351 24,113,409 29,187,132 100.0 8.5 41.4 50.1 1974   75 .................................... 64,445,239 5,811,595 27,060,563 31,573,079 100.0 9.0 42.0 49.0 1975   76 .................................... 71,206,073 6,318,345 31,602,885 33,284,840 100.0 8.9 44.4 46.7 1976   77 .................................... 75,322,532 6,629,498 32,526,018 36,137,018 100.0 8.8 43.2 48.0 1977   78 .................................... 81,443,160 7,694,194 35,013,266 38,735,700 100.0 9.4 43.0 47.6 1978   79 .................................... 87,994,143 8,600,116 40,132,136 39,261,891 100.0 9.8 45.6 44.6 1979   80 .................................... 96,881,165 9,503,537 45,348,814 42,028,813 100.0 9.8 46.8 43.4 1980   81 .................................... 105,949,087 9,768,262 50,182,659 45,998,166 100.0 9.2 47.4 43.4 1981   82 .................................... 110,191,257 8,186,466 52,436,435 49,568,356 100.0 7.4 47.6 45.0 1982   83 .................................... 117,497,502 8,339,990 56,282,157 52,875,354 100.0 7.1 47.9 45.0 1983   84 .................................... 126,055,419 8,576,547 60,232,981 57,245,892 100.0 6.8 47.8 45.4 1984   85 .................................... 137,294,678 9,105,569 67,168,684 61,020,425 100.0 6.6 48.9 44.4 1985   86 .................................... 149,127,779 9,975,622 73,619,575 65,532,582 100.0 6.7 49.4 43.9 1986   87 .................................... 158,523,693 10,146,013 78,830,437 69,547,243 100.0 6.4 49.7 43.9 1987   88 .................................... 169,561,974 10,716,687 84,004,415 74,840,873 100.0 6.3 49.5 44.1 1988   89 .................................... 192,016,374 11,902,001 91,768,911 88,345,462 100.0 6.2 47.8 46.0 1989   90 .................................... 208,547,573 12,700,784 98,238,633 97,608,157 100.0 6.1 47.1 46.8 1990   91 .................................... 223,340,537 13,776,066 105,324,533 104,239,939 100.0 6.2 47.2 46.7 1991   92 .................................... 234,581,384 15,493,330 108,783,449 110,304,605 100.0 6.6 46.4 47.0 1992   93 .................................... 247,626,168 17,261,252 113,403,436 116,961,481 100.0 7.0 45.8 47.2 1993   94 .................................... 260,159,468 18,341,483 117,474,209 124,343,776 100.0 7.1 45.2 47.8 1994   95 2 .................................. 273,149,449 18,582,157 127,729,576 126,837,717 100.0 6.8 46.8 46.4 1995   96 .................................... 287,702,844 19,104,019 136,670,754 131,928,071 100.0 6.6 47.5 45.9 1 Includes a relatively small amount from nongovernmental private sources ( gifts and tuition and transportation fees from patrons). These sources accounted for 2.6 percent of total revenues in 1995   96. 2 Revised from previously published figures.

NOTE.   Beginning in 1980   81, revenues for state education agencies are excluded. Beginning in 1988   89, data reflect new survey collection procedures and may not be entirely comparable with figures for earlier years. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education; and Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 170 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 158.   Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state: 1995   96 [ Amounts in thousands of dollars]

State or other area Total Federal State Local and intermediate Private 1 Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States ................................ $ 287,702,844 $ 19,104,019 6.6 $ 136,670,754 47.5 $ 124,308,202 43.2 $ 7,619,869 2.6 Alabama .............................................. 3,771,940 348,717 9.2 2,310,952 61.3 790,919 21.0 321,353 8.5 Alaska ................................................. 1,183,127 130,903 11.1 782,559 66.1 239,553 20.2 30,112 2.5 Arizona ................................................ 4,151,421 375,299 9.0 1,829,488 44.1 1,850,818 44.6 95,817 2.3 Arkansas ............................................. 2,204,845 188,064 8.5 1,322,273 60.0 580,387 26.3 114,121 5.2 California ............................................. 30,858,564 2,742,893 8.9 17,207,011 55.8 10,546,059 34.2 362,602 1.2 Colorado .............................................. 3,804,992 200,537 5.3 1,665,138 43.8 1,811,053 47.6 128,263 3.4 Connecticut ......................................... 4,786,247 177,394 3.7 1,819,099 38.0 2,656,280 55.5 133,474 2.8 Delaware ............................................. 822,226 54,837 6.7 547,837 66.6 207,183 25.2 12,369 1.5 District of Columbia ............................. 675,409 54,405 8.1     617,760 91.5 3,244 0.5 Florida ................................................. 13,214,948 972,473 7.4 6,422,329 48.6 5,317,562 40.2 502,583 3.8 Georgia ............................................... 7,627,823 520,690 6.8 3,956,281 51.9 3,005,940 39.4 144,911 1.9 Hawaii ................................................. 1,201,888 94,261 7.8 1,079,096 89.8 5,294 0.4 23,238 1.9 Idaho ................................................... 1,179,927 83,787 7.1 758,538 64.3 316,851 26.9 20,750 1.8 Illinois .................................................. 12,290,140 745,113 6.1 3,359,525 27.3 7,898,466 64.3 287,036 2.3 Indiana ................................................ 6,191,534 319,237 5.2 3,362,035 54.3 2,312,251 37.3 198,012 3.2 Iowa ..................................................... 3,033,687 154,638 5.1 1,486,472 49.0 1,231,268 40.6 161,308 5.3 Kansas ................................................ 2,948,036 160,308 5.4 1,690,101 57.3 1,022,587 34.7 75,040 2.5 Kentucky ............................................. 3,492,890 290,625 8.3 2,280,140 65.3 895,219 25.6 26,906 0.8 Louisiana ............................................. 3,934,998 477,761 12.1 1,978,050 50.3 1,374,937 34.9 104,250 2.6 Maine .................................................. 1,451,987 80,876 5.6 681,853 47.0 673,602 46.4 15,656 1.1 Maryland ............................................. 5,695,850 281,709 4.9 2,175,948 38.2 3,058,142 53.7 180,051 3.2 Massachusetts .................................... 6,772,855 318,591 4.7 2,593,935 38.3 3,749,747 55.4 110,582 1.6 Michigan .............................................. 12,698,697 777,325 6.1 8,483,312 66.8 3,184,072 25.1 253,987 2.0 Minnesota ............................................ 5,939,765 253,845 4.3 3,458,503 58.2 2,000,762 33.7 226,655 3.8 Mississippi ........................................... 2,225,798 304,024 13.7 1,285,426 57.8 560,821 25.2 75,527 3.4 Missouri ............................................... 5,263,003 317,991 6.0 2,113,958 40.2 2,618,966 49.8 212,088 4.0 Montana .............................................. 941,538 92,802 9.9 457,958 48.6 350,452 37.2 40,326 4.3 Nebraska ............................................. 1,876,494 104,388 5.6 593,662 31.6 1,067,218 56.9 111,226 5.9 Nevada ................................................ 1,554,888 69,857 4.5 497,744 32.0 930,476 59.8 56,810 3.7 New Hampshire .................................. 1,217,104 40,623 3.3 84,764 7.0 1,060,083 87.1 31,633 2.6 New Jersey ......................................... 11,882,657 402,135 3.4 4,582,794 38.6 6,615,530 55.7 282,198 2.4 New Mexico ........................................ 1,783,804 216,810 12.2 1,318,739 73.9 209,699 11.8 38,556 2.2 New York ............................................ 25,849,431 1,507,150 5.8 10,261,383 39.7 13,840,857 53.5 240,040 0.9 North Carolina ..................................... 6,154,971 443,121 7.2 3,971,825 64.5 1,565,289 25.4 174,735 2.8 North Dakota ....................................... 618,322 71,300 11.5 260,260 42.1 253,276 41.0 33,486 5.4 Ohio ..................................................... 11,794,089 738,880 6.3 4,797,764 40.7 5,775,786 49.0 481,659 4.1 Oklahoma ............................................ 2,856,688 266,970 9.3 1,694,433 59.3 738,270 25.8 157,016 5.5 Oregon ................................................ 3,366,831 218,785 6.5 1,821,888 54.1 1,203,913 35.8 122,245 3.6 Pennsylvania ....................................... 14,047,905 776,499 5.5 5,589,707 39.8 7,425,427 52.9 256,273 1.8 Rhode Island ....................................... 1,138,171 57,906 5.1 472,134 41.5 593,824 52.2 14,308 1.3 South Carolina .................................... 3,697,232 308,082 8.3 1,955,378 52.9 1,271,210 34.4 162,561 4.4 South Dakota ...................................... 717,005 70,519 9.8 213,290 29.7 410,705 57.3 22,491 3.1 Tennessee .......................................... 4,142,148 358,035 8.6 1,985,414 47.9 1,530,085 36.9 268,614 6.5 Texas .................................................. 21,689,792 1,557,597 7.2 9,312,159 42.9 10,246,162 47.2 573,876 2.6 Utah ..................................................... 2,066,218 137,707 6.7 1,209,925 58.6 612,311 29.6 106,275 5.1 Vermont ............................................... 773,448 36,481 4.7 215,275 27.8 501,925 64.9 19,767 2.6 Virginia ................................................ 6,826,448 361,752 5.3 2,123,203 31.1 4,106,568 60.2 234,925 3.4 Washington ......................................... 6,327,993 365,988 5.8 4,302,300 68.0 1,464,556 23.1 195,150 3.1 West Virginia ....................................... 1,990,094 160,084 8.0 1,253,995 63.0 544,803 27.4 31,213 1.6 Wisconsin ............................................ 6,304,318 273,225 4.3 2,705,278 42.9 3,192,597 50.6 133,219 2.1 Wyoming ............................................. 662,660 41,022 6.2 339,624 51.3 270,684 40.8 11,331 1.7 Outlying areas American Samoa ................................ 45,087 34,218 75.9 10,801 24.0 0   68 0.2 Guam .................................................. 171,464 19,524 11.4 0   150,544 87.8 1,397 0.8 Northern Marianas .............................. 44,418 11,785 26.5 32,504 73.2 70 0.2 58 0.1 Puerto Rico ......................................... 1,821,858 536,899 29.5 1,284,218 70.5 256 ( 2) 484 ( 2) Virgin Islands ...................................... 142,016 24,495 17.2 0   117,434 82.7 87 0.1 1 Includes revenues from gifts, and tuition and fees from patrons.

2 Less than .05 percent.   Data not available or not applicable. NOTE.   Excludes revenues for state education agencies. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared February 1998.) 171 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 159.   Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state: 1994   95 [ Amounts in thousands of dollars]

State or other area Total Federal State Local and intermediate Private 1 Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States ................................ $ 273,149,449 $ 18,582,157 6.8 $ 127,729,576 46.8 $ 119,538,294 43.8 $ 7,299,422 2.7 Alabama .............................................. 3,541,876 343,927 9.7 2,161,685 61.0 766,020 21.6 270,244 7.6 Alaska ................................................. 1,207,000 129,911 10.8 815,286 67.5 234,263 19.4 27,541 2.3 Arizona ................................................ 3,783,285 354,242 9.4 1,664,966 44.0 1,673,192 44.2 90,886 2.4 Arkansas ............................................. 2,175,109 199,163 9.2 1,266,778 58.2 605,499 27.8 103,669 4.8 California ............................................. 28,891,301 2,751,519 9.5 15,670,329 54.2 10,127,054 35.1 342,399 1.2 Colorado .............................................. 3,679,162 193,865 5.3 1,578,428 42.9 1,788,285 48.6 118,585 3.2 Connecticut ......................................... 4,431,603 177,446 4.0 1,748,802 39.5 2,375,694 53.6 129,661 2.9 Delaware ............................................. 745,036 53,885 7.2 479,319 64.3 199,689 26.8 12,143 1.6 District of Columbia ............................. 701,300 66,716 9.5     631,028 90.0 3,556 0.5 Florida ................................................. 12,805,853 971,277 7.6 6,286,323 49.1 5,067,892 39.6 480,362 3.8 Georgia ............................................... 6,965,472 512,456 7.4 3,530,615 50.7 2,785,137 40.0 137,265 2.0 Hawaii ................................................. 1,177,915 86,882 7.4 1,062,296 90.2 6,307 0.5 22,429 1.9 Idaho ................................................... 1,088,596 84,012 7.7 666,387 61.2 318,671 29.3 19,527 1.8 Illinois .................................................. 12,016,320 780,212 6.5 3,361,268 28.0 7,605,409 63.3 269,431 2.2 Indiana ................................................ 6,362,528 306,971 4.8 3,391,558 53.3 2,472,119 38.9 191,880 3.0 Iowa ..................................................... 2,881,176 151,225 5.2 1,381,238 47.9 1,182,483 41.0 166,230 5.8 Kansas ................................................ 2,883,345 152,757 5.3 1,655,905 57.4 1,002,034 34.8 72,648 2.5 Kentucky ............................................. 3,240,926 301,243 9.3 2,132,169 65.8 782,230 24.1 25,283 0.8 Louisiana ............................................. 3,837,863 458,344 11.9 1,999,368 52.1 1,281,012 33.4 99,139 2.6 Maine .................................................. 1,400,439 79,403 5.7 670,517 47.9 635,247 45.4 15,272 1.1 Maryland ............................................. 5,559,604 279,464 5.0 2,059,241 37.0 3,049,831 54.9 171,068 3.1 Massachusetts .................................... 6,549,468 352,760 5.4 2,376,538 36.3 3,668,716 56.0 151,453 2.3 Michigan .............................................. 11,925,311 734,290 6.2 8,023,133 67.3 2,937,025 24.6 230,863 1.9 Minnesota ............................................ 5,606,567 247,964 4.4 2,939,545 52.4 2,210,175 39.4 208,884 3.7 Mississippi ........................................... 2,099,795 310,249 14.8 1,185,185 56.4 532,021 25.3 72,340 3.4 Missouri ............................................... 4,891,384 317,002 6.5 1,892,112 38.7 2,481,121 50.7 201,149 4.1 Montana .............................................. 915,392 91,912 10.0 453,778 49.6 331,846 36.3 37,857 4.1 Nebraska ............................................. 1,797,785 104,608 5.8 582,430 32.4 1,002,900 55.8 107,847 6.0 Nevada ................................................ 1,370,529 67,369 4.9 412,904 30.1 837,374 61.1 52,883 3.9 New Hampshire .................................. 1,149,673 35,169 3.1 83,611 7.3 1,004,110 87.3 26,782 2.3 New Jersey ......................................... 11,485,382 383,016 3.3 4,361,977 38.0 6,433,765 56.0 306,623 2.7 New Mexico ........................................ 1,695,358 199,231 11.8 1,261,807 74.4 196,841 11.6 37,480 2.2 New York ............................................ 24,889,904 1,196,994 4.8 10,127,462 40.7 13,330,601 53.6 234,847 0.9 North Carolina ..................................... 5,940,519 443,701 7.5 3,867,413 65.1 1,463,703 24.6 165,702 2.8 North Dakota ....................................... 592,329 73,249 12.4 249,273 42.1 238,440 40.3 31,367 5.3 Ohio ..................................................... 11,024,539 714,840 6.5 4,410,699 40.0 5,433,715 49.3 465,286 4.2 Oklahoma ............................................ 2,767,709 260,760 9.4 1,644,176 59.4 715,199 25.8 147,575 5.3 Oregon ................................................ 3,294,014 224,139 6.8 1,521,760 46.2 1,442,103 43.8 106,011 3.2 Pennsylvania ....................................... 13,271,164 746,601 5.6 5,325,072 40.1 6,943,281 52.3 256,210 1.9 Rhode Island ....................................... 1,091,960 60,256 5.5 447,397 41.0 571,750 52.4 12,557 1.1 South Carolina .................................... 3,450,203 299,232 8.7 1,598,971 46.3 1,399,989 40.6 152,010 4.4 South Dakota ...................................... 691,685 69,162 10.0 183,552 26.5 418,328 60.5 20,643 3.0 Tennessee .......................................... 3,908,306 348,729 8.9 1,855,784 47.5 1,443,757 36.9 260,036 6.7 Texas .................................................. 19,678,883 1,511,000 7.7 7,908,524 40.2 9,712,168 49.4 547,191 2.8 Utah ..................................................... 1,940,247 133,543 6.9 1,054,222 54.3 645,245 33.3 107,237 5.5 Vermont ............................................... 753,905 34,424 4.6 224,941 29.8 476,096 63.2 18,445 2.4 Virginia ................................................ 6,456,381 368,102 5.7 2,052,415 31.8 3,813,487 59.1 222,377 3.4 Washington ......................................... 5,976,441 357,615 6.0 4,103,287 68.7 1,330,433 22.3 185,106 3.1 West Virginia ....................................... 1,940,425 156,555 8.1 1,234,701 63.6 520,036 26.8 29,134 1.5 Wisconsin ............................................ 5,985,761 262,315 4.4 2,460,520 41.1 3,139,562 52.5 123,364 2.1 Wyoming ............................................. 632,720 42,453 6.7 303,908 48.0 275,412 43.5 10,947 1.7 Outlying areas American Samoa ................................ 45,151 37,858 83.8 6,987 15.5 190 0.4 116 0.3 Guam .................................................. 171,866 17,132 10.0 0   153,269 89.2 1,465 0.9 Northern Marianas .............................. 44,122 11,663 26.4 32,321 73.3 54 0.1 85 0.2 Puerto Rico ......................................... 1,641,580 474,419 28.9 1,166,632 71.1 218 ( 2) 311 ( 2) Virgin Islands ...................................... 142,961 25,435 17.8 0   117,441 82.1 85 0.1 1 Includes revenues from gifts, and tuition and fees from patrons.

2 Less than .05 percent.   Data not available or not applicable. NOTE.   Excludes revenues for state education agencies. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. Some data revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 172 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 160.   Funds and staff for state education agencies, 1 by source of funding and state: 1992   93 State Funds retained for state administration, by source, in thousands Total state administration funds per student State education agency ( FTE) staff, by source of funds for position Students per state FTE staff Total Federal ( core activities 2 Percent federal State and local Total FTE staff Federally supported ( core activities 2 State and local supported 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States 3 ............................... $ 1,966,453 $ 526,847 26.8 $ 1,439,606 $ 46 28,626 7,054 21,572 1,496 Alabama .............................................. 52,111 13,007 25.0 39,103 71 1,006 127 879 727 Alaska ................................................. 38,461 5,046 13.1 33,414 314 503 44 460 244 Arizona ................................................ 19,315 7,460 38.6 11,856 29 362 175 187 1,862 Arkansas ............................................. 17,561 4,204 23.9 13,356 40 290 74 216 1,522 California ............................................. 148,989 52,316 35.1 96,673 28 1,898 419 1,479 2,768 Colorado ............................................. 21,361 5,991 28.0 15,370 35 223 90 133 2,750 Connecticut ......................................... 139,733 11,433 8.2 128,300 286 2,005 196 1,809 244 Delaware ............................................. 10,949 2,578 23.5 8,371 105 128 44 84 817 District of Columbia ............................                   Florida ................................................. 56,310 25,470 45.2 30,840 28 688 323 366 2,878 Georgia ............................................... 58,632 9,918 16.9 48,714 49 935 147 788 1,291 Hawaii .................................................                   Idaho ................................................... 7,346 2,938 40.0 4,408 32 104 45 59 2,224 Illinois .................................................. 42,854 22,092 51.6 20,762 23 746 317 429 2,511 Indiana ................................................ 29,220 7,339 25.1 21,880 30 309 132 177 3,109 Iowa .................................................... 20,589 9,582 46.5 11,007 42 226 106 120 2,192 Kansas ................................................ 12,701 5,422 42.7 7,279 28 199 83 116 2,269 Kentucky ............................................. 49,745 6,202 12.5 43,542 76 859 105 754 763 Louisiana ............................................. 35,978 13,015 36.2 22,963 45 573 254 320 1,393 Maine 4 ................................................ 17,356 4,248 24.5 13,109 80 207 90 117 1,046 Maryland ............................................. 42,343 8,737 20.6 33,606 56 556 126 430 1,351 Massachusetts .................................... 30,191 13,557 44.9 16,633 35 368 173 195 2,337 Michigan .............................................. 53,743 15,656 29.1 38,088 34 844 256 588 1,899 Minnesota ........................................... 23,730 9,072 38.2 14,658 30 416 129 287 1,908 Mississippi ........................................... 40,892 5,703 13.9 35,190 81 724 144 580 700 Missouri ............................................... 42,860 8,708 20.3 34,152 50 1,448 132 1,317 593 Montana .............................................. 8,070 3,490 43.2 4,581 50 137 52 85 1,168 Nebraska ............................................. 20,624 5,018 24.3 15,607 73 398 75 323 710 Nevada ................................................ 5,305 2,643 49.8 2,662 24 90 47 42 2,491 New Hampshire .................................. 7,889 2,662 33.7 5,226 44 157 60 97 1,154 New Jersey ......................................... 65,111 25,857 39.7 39,254 58 1,001 326 675 1,129 New Mexico ........................................ 10,398 3,753 36.1 6,645 33 216 67 149 1,461 New York ............................................ 181,649 47,866 26.4 133,783 68 2,565 567 1,998 1,049 North Carolina ..................................... 49,298 13,990 28.4 35,308 44 796 144 652 1,399 North Dakota ....................................... 5,683 3,187 56.1 2,496 48 93 52 41 1,277 Ohio .................................................... 32,879 14,741 44.8 18,139 18 511 242 269 3,513 Oklahoma ............................................ 32,178 8,347 25.9 23,831 54 499 98 401 1,196 Oregon ................................................ 61,178 15,822 25.9 45,357 120 418 58 360 1,221 Pennsylvania ....................................... 72,979 19,746 27.1 53,233 42 1,134 237 897 1,515 Rhode Island ....................................... 13,705 4,347 31.7 9,358 95 152 59 93 948 South Carolina .................................... 87,109 9,130 10.5 77,979 136 946 105 841 677 South Dakota ...................................... 7,419 3,988 53.8 3,430 55 102 42 60 1,324 Tennessee .......................................... 36,778 10,525 28.6 26,253 43 456 100 356 1,876 Texas .................................................. 59,560 18,321 30.8 41,238 17 1,013 358 654 3,498 Utah .................................................... 25,763 6,092 23.6 19,671 56 364 62 302 1,273 Vermont .............................................. 7,348 2,672 36.4 4,675 75 143 65 78 689 Virginia ................................................ 29,236 9,830 33.6 19,406 28 371 102 270 2,781 Washington ......................................... 19,472 6,843 35.1 12,629 22 253 88 165 3,542 West Virginia ....................................... 21,188 5,069 23.9 16,119 67 403 113 289 790 Wisconsin ............................................ 87,883 11,377 12.9 76,506 106 692 179 512 1,199 Wyoming ............................................. 4,782 1,837 38.4 2,945 48 100 25 75 1,003 1 Excludes funds for schools and school districts.

2 Core education activities include: Chapter 1; Chapter 2; Special Education; Child Nutrition Vocational Education; Adult Education; AIDS Education; Civil Rights Act; and Homeless Education Programs.

3 Excludes District of Columbia and Hawaii.

4 Excludes State Teacher Retirement Program.   Data not available. FTE= full time equivalent.

NOTE.   Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. General Accounting Office, Education Finance, Extent of Federal Funding in State Education Agencies, and U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 173 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 161.   Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: 1919   20 to 1995   96 Purpose of expenditures 1919   20 1929   30 1939   40 1949   50 1959   60 1969   70 1979   80 1989   90 1994   95 1 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Amounts in thousands of dollars Total expenditures ................ $ 1,036,151 $ 2,316,790 $ 2,344,049 $ 5,837,643 $ 15,613,255 $ 40,683,429 $ 95,961,561 $ 212,763,564 $ 279,000,318 $ 293,610,849 Current expenditures ...................... 864,396 1,853,377 1,955,166 4,722,887 12,461,955 34,853,578 87,581,727 191,205,902 249,026,087 259,804,398 Public elementary and secondary education ....... 861,120 1,843,552 1,941,799 4,687,274 12,329,389 34,217,773 86,984,142 188,223,359 243,877,582 255,079,736 Administration ................. 36,752 78,680 91,571 220,050 528,408 1,606,646 4,263,757 2 16,346,991 2 19,877,848 2 20,697,641 Instruction ....................... 632,556 1,317,727 1,403,285 3,112,340 8,350,738 23,270,158 53,257,937 2 113,550,405 2 150,556,118 2 157,480,290 Plant operation ................ 115,707 216,072 194,365 427,587 1,085,036 2,537,257 3 9,744,785 2 20,261,415 2 24,542,922 2 25,725,984 Plant maintenance .......... 30,432 78,810 73,321 214,164 422,586 974,941 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) Fixed charges ................. 9,286 50,270 50,116 261,469 909,323 3,266,920 11,793,934       Other school services 4 ................... 36,387 101,993 129,141 451,663 1,033,297 2,561,856 7,923,729 2 38,064,548 2 48,900,694 2 51,175,821 Other current expenditures Summer schools ............. ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 13,263 106,481 24,753 2,982,543 5,148,505 4,724,662 Adult education 5 ............. 3,277 9,825 13,367 35,614 26,858 128,778   ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) Community colleges ....... ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 34,492 138,813   ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) Community services ....... ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 57,953 261,731 572,832 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6)

Capital outlay 7 ............................... 153,543 370,878 257,974 1,014,176 2,661,786 4,659,072 6,506,167 17,781,342 24,456,100 27,547,918 Interest on school debt ................... 18,212 92,536 130,909 100,578 489,514 1,170,782 1,873,666 3,776,321 5,518,131 6,258,534 Percentage distribution Total expenditures, all schools ........................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditures ...................... 83.4 80.0 83.4 80.9 79.8 85.7 91.2 89.9 89.3 88.5 Public elementary and secondary education ....... 83.1 79.6 82.8 80.3 79.0 84.1 90.6 88.5 87.4 86.9 Administration ................. 3.5 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.9 4.4 27.7 27.1 27.0 Instruction ....................... 61.0 56.9 59.9 53.3 53.5 57.2 55.5 253.4 254.0 253.6 Plant operation ................ 11.2 9.3 8.3 7.3 6.9 6.2 3 10.2 29.5 28.8 28.8 Plant maintenance .......... 2.9 3.4 3.1 3.7 2.7 2.4 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) Fixed charges ................. 0.9 2.2 2.1 4.5 5.8 8.0 12.3       Other school services 4 ................... 3.5 4.4 5.5 7.7 6.6 6.3 8.3 17.9 17.5 17.4 Other current expenditures Summer schools ............. ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 0.1 0.3 ( 8) 1.4 1.8 1.6 Adult education 5 ............. 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3   ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) Community colleges ....... ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 0.2 0.3   ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) Community services ....... ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) ( 4) 0.4 0.6 0.6 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6)

Capital outlay 7 ............................... 14.8 16.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 11.5 6.8 8.4 8.8 9.4 Interest on school debt ................... 1.8 4.0 5.6 1.7 3.1 2.9 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.1 1 Revised from previously published data. 2 Data not comparable to figures prior to 1989   90. 3 Plant operation also includes plant maintenance. 4 Prior to 1959   60, items included under `` other school services'' were listed under `` auxiliary services,'' a more comprehensive classification that also included community services. 5 Prior to 1959   60, data shown for adult education represent combined expenditures for adult education, summer schools, and community colleges. 6 Included under summer schools. 7 Prior to 1969   70, excludes capital outlay by state and local schoolhousing authorities 8 Less than 0.05 percent.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Beginning in 1959   60, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Beginning in 1980   81, state administration expenditures were excluded from both `` total'' and `` current'' expenditures Beginning in 1988   89, extensive changes were made in the data collection procedures Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; and Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 174 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 162.   Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and subfunction: 1990   91 to 1995   96 Items Expenditures ( in thousands) Percentage distribution 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total expenditures ........................ $ 229,429,715 $ 241,054,784 $ 252,934,872 $ 265,306,634 $ 279,000,318 $ 293,610,849             Current expenditures .................. 202,037,752 211,210,190 220,948,052 231,542,764 243,877,582 255,079,736 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 Salaries ................................... 1 132,730,931 138,279,377 144,276,674 150,545,401 158,914,976 165,777,514 65.70 65.47 65.30 65.02 65.16 64.99 Employee benefits .................. 1 33,954,456 36,062,813 39,267,087 41,181,982 43,107,541 44,788,283 16.81 17.07 17.77 17.79 17.68 17.56 Purchased services ................ 1 16,380,643 17,790,523 17,933,497 19,232,698 20,643,153 21,580,618 8.11 8.42 8.12 8.31 8.46 8.46 Tuition ..................................... 1 1,192,505 939,322 967,884 1,231,076 1,476,697 1,590,326 0.59 0.44 0.44 0.53 0.61 0.62 Supplies .................................. 1 14,805,956 14,944,495 16,370,100 17,249,817 17,362,430 18,756,757 7.33 7.08 7.41 7.45 7.12 7.35 Other ....................................... 1 2,973,261 3,193,661 2,132,810 2,101,790 2,372,785 2,586,237 1.47 1.51 0.97 0.91 0.97 1.01 Instruction ............................... 122,223,362 128,475,859 134,971,088 141,620,474 150,556,118 157,480,290 60.50 60.83 61.09 61.16 61.73 61.74 Salaries ............................... 90,742,284 95,018,405 99,089,718 103,506,419 109,702,815 114,585,415 44.91 44.99 44.85 44.70 44.98 44.92 Employee benefits .............. 22,347,524 23,683,606 26,075,723 27,456,084 29,190,486 30,300,667 11.06 11.21 11.80 11.86 11.97 11.88 Purchased services ............. 2,722,639 3,348,142 3,357,323 3,421,355 3,823,789 3,825,604 1.35 1.59 1.52 1.48 1.57 1.50 Tuition ................................. 1,192,505 939,322 967,884 1,231,076 1,476,697 1,590,326 0.59 0.44 0.44 0.53 0.61 0.62 Supplies .............................. 4,584,754 4,703,762 5,052,972 5,507,720 5,764,061 6,513,874 2.27 2.23 2.29 2.38 2.36 2.55 Other ................................... 633,656 782,620 427,468 497,820 598,269 664,404 0.31 0.37 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.26 Students 2 ............................... 8,926,010 9,226,247 9,760,087 10,946,191 11,679,127 12,243,641 4.42 4.37 4.42 4.73 4.79 4.80 Salaries ............................... 6,565,965 6,791,228 7,134,434 7,998,204 8,519,771 8,863,163 3.25 3.22 3.23 3.45 3.49 3.47 Employee benefits .............. 1,660,082 1,751,537 1,904,341 2,110,012 2,212,775 2,307,501 0.82 0.83 0.86 0.91 0.91 0.90 Purchased services ............. 455,996 441,946 489,215 593,522 657,236 687,320 0.23 0.21 0.22 0.26 0.27 0.27 Supplies .............................. 191,482 181,261 195,240 206,352 238,876 247,270 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 Other ................................... 52,485 60,275 36,857 38,101 50,469 138,387 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 Instructional services 3 ........... 8,467,142 8,827,800 9,241,929 9,236,588 9,654,676 10,071,302 4.19 4.18 4.18 3.99 3.96 3.95 Salaries ............................... 5,560,129 5,808,305 6,014,671 5,933,810 6,162,669 6,419,144 2.75 2.75 2.72 2.56 2.53 2.52 Employee benefits .............. 1,408,217 1,463,736 1,601,713 1,583,597 1,638,271 1,719,563 0.70 0.69 0.72 0.68 0.67 0.67 Purchased services ............. 622,487 685,654 741,983 785,841 898,500 925,581 0.31 0.32 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.36 Supplies .............................. 776,863 772,096 820,919 860,224 872,394 918,261 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 Other ................................... 99,445 98,009 62,644 73,116 82,842 88,753 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 General administration ........... 5,791,253 6,039,397 5,851,983 5,909,692 5,731,420 5,866,480 2.87 2.86 2.65 2.55 2.35 2.30 Salaries ............................... 2,603,562 2,688,515 2,787,145 2,688,481 2,808,090 2,889,160 1.29 1.27 1.26 1.16 1.15 1.13 Employee benefits .............. 777,381 815,581 846,638 888,209 844,267 828,483 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.32 Purchased services ............. 1,482,427 1,540,476 1,592,937 1,856,065 1,563,558 1,626,177 0.73 0.73 0.72 0.80 0.64 0.64 Supplies .............................. 172,898 158,193 211,727 168,785 177,448 185,831 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.07 Other ................................... 754,985 836,633 413,535 308,151 338,056 336,828 0.37 0.40 0.19 0.13 0.14 0.13 School administration ............. 11,695,344 12,280,680 12,777,815 13,492,502 14,146,428 14,831,161 5.79 5.81 5.78 5.83 5.80 5.81 Salaries ............................... 8,935,903 9,293,958 9,593,613 10,144,727 10,680,024 11,156,461 4.42 4.40 4.34 4.38 4.38 4.37 Employee benefits .............. 2,257,783 2,410,404 2,615,351 2,738,216 2,796,440 2,963,991 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.18 1.15 1.16 Purchased services ............. 247,750 277,904 300,288 320,442 358,651 384,909 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 Supplies .............................. 189,711 196,485 207,078 223,794 243,681 256,857 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 Other ................................... 64,197 101,929 61,485 65,323 67,632 68,943 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Operation and maintenance ... 21,290,655 21,889,514 22,823,758 23,875,871 24,542,922 25,725,984 10.54 10.36 10.33 10.31 10.06 10.09 Salaries ............................... 8,849,559 9,143,832 9,384,209 9,768,777 10,117,056 10,456,710 4.38 4.33 4.25 4.22 4.15 4.10 Employee benefits .............. 2,633,075 2,788,592 2,970,466 3,048,615 3,027,306 3,130,162 1.30 1.32 1.34 1.32 1.24 1.23 Purchased services ............. 5,721,125 5,830,363 6,013,075 6,451,727 7,261,776 7,699,472 2.83 2.76 2.72 2.79 2.98 3.02 Supplies .............................. 3,761,738 3,807,024 4,262,006 4,399,064 3,927,664 4,214,399 1.86 1.80 1.93 1.90 1.61 1.65 Other ................................... 325,157 319,703 194,002 207,688 209,120 225,240 0.16 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 Transportation ......................... 8,678,954 8,769,754 9,252,300 9,627,155 9,889,034 10,394,695 4.30 4.15 4.19 4.16 4.05 4.08 Salaries ............................... 3,285,127 3,268,689 3,407,602 3,567,556 3,775,214 3,932,980 1.63 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.55 1.54 Employee benefits .............. 892,985 965,731 1,063,064 1,107,878 1,138,485 1,207,762 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.47 Purchased services ............. 3,345,232 3,548,716 3,758,313 3,946,935 4,016,400 4,257,289 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.70 1.65 1.67 Supplies .............................. 961,447 811,781 877,077 854,940 800,344 836,366 0.48 0.38 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.33 Other ................................... 194,163 174,837 146,243 149,847 158,590 160,299 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 Other support services 4 ........ 5,587,837 6,088,305 6,207,775 6,318,312 6,708,262 7,039,392 2.77 2.88 2.81 2.73 2.75 2.76 Salaries ............................... 2,900,394 2,890,746 3,192,790 3,164,490 3,286,071 3,450,829 1.44 1.37 1.45 1.37 1.35 1.35 Employee benefits .............. 980,859 1,153,683 1,088,011 1,109,764 1,136,286 1,182,181 0.49 0.55 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.46 Purchased services ............. 798,922 1,149,930 1,045,655 1,141,643 1,262,449 1,363,079 0.40 0.54 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.53 Supplies .............................. 294,527 306,701 327,377 362,838 372,852 398,544 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 Other ................................... 613,135 587,245 553,942 539,576 650,604 644,758 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.23 0.27 0.25 Food services ......................... 8,430,490 8,821,308 9,263,181 9,774,315 10,268,542 10,648,854 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.22 4.21 4.17 Salaries ...............................   3,118,637 3,398,599 3,532,183 3,697,705 3,844,290   1.48 1.54 1.53 1.52 1.51 Employee benefits ..............   979,089 1,042,743 1,095,686 1,081,221 1,103,427   0.46 0.47 0.47 0.44 0.43 Purchased services .............   720,018 497,100 556,251 629,266 627,900   0.34 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.25 Supplies ..............................   3,829,025 4,186,945 4,445,897 4,718,569 4,916,307   1.81 1.89 1.92 1.93 1.93 Other ...................................   174,539 137,793 144,298 141,782 156,929   0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Enterprise operations 5 ........... 946,705 791,326 798,136 741,665 701,053 777,936 0.47 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.29 0.30 Salaries ...............................   257,063 273,893 240,754 165,562 179,362   0.12 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.07 Employee benefits ..............   50,854 59,038 43,921 42,003 44,546   0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 Purchased services .............   247,373 137,608 158,917 171,526 183,287   0.12 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 Supplies ..............................   178,166 228,758 220,203 246,541 269,047   0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 Other ...................................   57,869 98,840 77,870 75,420 101,694   0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 Other current expenditures ........ 3,295,717 4,393,698 4,378,506 4,681,798 5,148,505 4,724,662             Community services ............... 964,370 1,177,742 1,331,004 1,485,670 1,933,565 1,728,672             Nonpublic school programs .... 527,609 652,403 644,150 689,888 569,851 781,148             Adult education ....................... 1,365,523 1,498,962 1,484,057 1,489,405 1,460,149 1,500,438             Community colleges ............... 5,356 5,136 5,454 7,432 83,573 7,746             Other ....................................... 432,858 1,059,455 913,841 1,009,402 1,101,367 706,657             Capital outlay 6 ........................... 19,771,478 20,286,977 22,171,768 23,747,021 24,456,100 27,547,918             Interest on school debt .............. 4,324,768 5,163,919 5,436,547 5,335,050 5,518,131 6,258,534             1 Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations. 2 Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services 3 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers. 4 Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services. 5 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services ( e. g., school bookstore or computer time). 6 Includes expenditures for property, and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 175 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 163.   Expenditures for instruction in public elementary and secondary schools, by subfunction and state: 1994   95 and 1995   96 [ In thousands of dollars]

State or other area 1994   95 1995   96 Total Salaries Employee benefits Purchased services 1 Supplies Tuition and other Total Salaries Employee benefits Purchased services 2 Supplies Tuition and other 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States .................... $ 150,556,118 $ 109,702,815 $ 29,190,486 $ 3,823,789 $ 5,764,061 $ 2,074,966 $ 157,480,290 $ 114,585,415 $ 30,300,667 $ 3,825,604 $ 6,513,874 $ 2,254,731 Alabama .................................. 1,906,471 1,446,029 335,738 5,645 99,824 19,236 2,032,706 1,489,955 390,938 6,424 116,054 29,335 Alaska ..................................... 574,242 413,383 100,487 18,237 21,514 20,622 591,338 425,755 105,093 20,086 24,152 16,252 Arizona .................................... 1,811,167 1,500,416 238,820 16,547 31,128 24,256 1,921,658 1,588,625 250,336 17,716 34,043 30,938 Arkansas ................................. 1,144,389 868,482 206,954 23,230 35,930 9,793 1,244,145 937,990 218,738 21,679 56,789 8,948 California ................................. 15,549,692 11,038,093 3,262,337 424,379 536,517 288,366 16,333,392 11,551,320 3,354,696 468,228 630,791 328,357 Colorado ................................. 1,970,908 1,508,701 306,238 67,936 80,563 7,470 2,069,222 1,593,451 318,375 64,306 85,769 7,321 Connecticut ............................. 2,721,552 2,004,391 463,152 50,246 64,845 138,919 2,780,996 2,057,312 460,386 52,467 71,058 139,774 Delaware ................................. 431,618 297,607 103,254 7,194 15,843 7,719 447,549 312,457 101,520 8,094 17,805 7,673 District of Columbia ................ 336,543 239,594 65,979 5,251 3,556 22,163 334,893 231,862 77,487 7,175 6,592 11,778 Florida ..................................... 6,395,934 4,283,275 1,422,087 408,034 209,508 73,030 6,675,272 4,434,224 1,490,753 445,203 234,639 70,453 Georgia ................................... 3,779,713 2,799,934 770,839 39,991 164,184 4,763 4,116,129 3,048,284 836,598 39,620 185,668 5,959 Hawaii ..................................... 636,952 457,861 127,015 18,255 32,471 1,352 651,832 455,415 144,410 16,395 34,274 1,339 Idaho ....................................... 602,232 430,919 130,741 11,204 28,940 428 643,243 455,405 136,112 12,915 38,329 483 Illinois ...................................... 6,367,082 4,797,408 1,061,451 120,542 265,284 122,397 6,461,142 4,932,198 1,043,497 111,831 248,470 125,146 Indiana .................................... 3,262,523 2,417,230 697,094 35,344 107,345 5,510 3,412,502 2,483,959 780,886 36,571 105,978 5,108 Iowa ........................................ 1,623,942 1,160,673 277,271 56,959 116,398 12,641 1,691,945 1,213,673 289,250 56,097 115,160 17,765 Kansas .................................... 1,387,198 1,108,730 193,070 12,294 67,297 5,807 1,441,539 1,146,381 201,190 16,676 71,936 5,356 Kentucky ................................. 1,787,693 1,423,656 291,715 94 72,209 19 1,942,324 1,511,577 327,707 11,324 87,945 3,770 Louisiana ................................ 2,071,476 1,544,288 415,405 19,349 87,321 5,113 2,099,916 1,549,599 433,815 24,462 86,620 5,420 Maine ...................................... 859,560 570,803 190,981 24,493 27,895 45,388 882,302 588,364 194,717 25,816 28,448 44,957 Maryland ................................. 3,127,996 2,130,372 729,842 86,737 88,971 92,074 3,263,165 2,205,823 773,588 86,416 91,857 105,482 Massachusetts ........................ 3,994,523 2,691,297 728,275 254,433 111,466 209,053 4,275,924 2,837,705 779,970 316,877 121,764 219,608 Michigan ................................. 6,228,315 4,328,190 1,569,832 84,022 210,776 35,495 6,583,062 4,564,918 1,609,270 104,366 259,957 44,551 Minnesota ............................... 2,946,240 2,160,089 579,243 78,764 105,214 22,929 3,095,995 2,265,431 612,068 83,094 111,419 23,984 Mississippi ............................... 1,197,868 891,328 216,101 18,628 65,880 5,931 1,246,654 925,578 219,691 19,743 75,940 5,702 Missouri .................................. 2,597,027 1,969,708 355,700 53,202 207,753 10,663 2,770,426 2,097,350 379,417 57,015 224,149 12,496 Montana .................................. 525,617 379,161 101,394 11,080 31,900 2,082 541,473 390,636 104,118 12,261 31,110 3,347 Nebraska ................................ 997,581 732,361 178,023 24,370 40,341 22,484 1,027,617 766,556 173,626 21,174 41,219 25,042 Nevada ................................... 706,132 528,908 144,432 4,552 27,143 1,097 768,352 574,313 157,016 5,916 30,288 819 New Hampshire ...................... 679,079 498,773 97,472 16,606 21,773 44,455 725,558 527,208 106,297 19,404 21,944 50,706 New Jersey ............................. 6,467,203 4,715,340 1,128,758 51,960 232,132 339,014 6,775,687 4,944,632 1,154,848 62,732 244,773 368,702 New Mexico ............................ 837,029 618,787 158,931 8,022 45,294 5,995 872,133 646,516 163,749 7,055 48,267 6,546 New York ................................ 15,636,396 11,525,744 3,387,241 358,939 361,933 2,539 15,948,326 11,761,851 3,449,781 368,152 365,990 2,551 North Carolina ........................ 3,387,680 2,556,856 623,633 48,461 155,787 2,942 3,479,891 2,606,682 632,459 52,824 183,853 4,073 North Dakota .......................... 328,461 240,567 60,009 8,896 16,378 2,610 339,950 248,414 61,567 9,122 17,684 3,163 Ohio ........................................ 5,960,083 4,362,651 1,182,673 103,167 235,248 76,343 6,200,538 4,526,538 1,219,614 112,421 251,327 90,637 Oklahoma ............................... 1,662,373 1,266,325 261,121 26,166 97,571 11,190 1,680,375 1,270,992 267,052 28,107 102,017 12,207 Oregon .................................... 1,776,148 1,193,420 412,583 59,993 99,712 10,441 1,852,333 1,252,352 412,707 59,774 113,959 13,541 Pennsylvania .......................... 7,460,973 5,049,611 1,591,109 512,608 224,403 83,241 7,922,896 5,600,394 1,747,009 243,952 242,227 89,314 Rhode Island .......................... 703,185 492,096 156,125 16,358 15,919 22,687 728,417 513,600 156,649 17,361 17,090 23,716 South Carolina ........................ 1,727,214 1,298,160 320,509 27,097 80,175 1,274 1,821,432 1,359,201 337,297 26,578 78,897 19,459 South Dakota .......................... 376,116 272,643 59,785 11,243 22,634 9,811 370,593 271,138 59,539 10,112 20,677 9,127 Tennessee .............................. 2,285,884 1,740,065 395,947 38,603 104,857 6,413 2,378,112 1,831,373 419,574 38,707 83,313 5,145 Texas ...................................... 10,753,150 8,517,213 1,268,868 294,413 606,632 66,025 11,540,336 8,972,744 1,229,981 318,852 943,745 75,014 Utah ........................................ 1,089,195 706,401 250,913 16,429 46,339 69,112 1,152,136 749,589 261,557 18,922 56,205 65,863 Vermont .................................. 434,933 306,881 77,637 15,984 13,596 20,835 444,162 316,808 74,167 18,071 14,343 20,774 Virginia .................................... 3,483,576 2,640,491 671,729 48,638 118,633 4,085 3,601,235 2,732,602 690,087 52,615 122,251 3,681 Washington ............................. 3,075,781 2,156,923 670,680 101,440 124,646 22,091 3,225,122 2,286,424 683,795 107,381 122,769 24,753 West Virginia .......................... 1,090,056 766,359 280,057 11,134 32,343 163 1,122,084 774,557 294,333 11,786 40,989 418 Wisconsin ............................... 3,441,286 2,400,781 800,389 55,545 129,411 55,160 3,591,487 2,499,757 842,192 59,404 133,468 56,667 Wyoming ................................. 358,131 253,841 70,846 11,073 20,630 1,741 360,771 255,926 71,141 12,326 19,864 1,513 Outlying areas American Samoa .................... 11,796 8,900 1,386 236 1,065 211 12,456 9,101 1,759 323 1,042 230 Guam ...................................... 79,336 65,432 13,237 83 424 161 87,773 67,167 15,226 190 5,190 0 Northern Marianas .................. 35,613 21,718 6,259 3,678 3,551 407 35,357 22,495 7,229 3,052 2,354 227 Puerto Rico ............................. 1,093,038 903,531 127,031 11,148 20,234 31,094 1,198,197 979,626 134,208 12,024 28,201 44,138 Virgin Islands .......................... 69,349 55,563 11,042 572 652 1,520 69,478 55,629 11,283 540 611 1,415 1 Includes purchased professional services of teachers or others who provide instruction for students and travel for instructional staff. NOTE.   Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

Some 1994   95 data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data surveys.

( This table was prepared July 1998.) 176 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES`

Table 164.   Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state: 1969   70 to 1997   98 [ In thousands of dollars]

State or other area 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States ..................... $ 34,217,773 $ 86,984,142 $ 94,321,093 $ 137,164,965 $ 146,364,922 $ 157,097,951 $ 173,098,906 $ 188,229,359 Alabama ................................... 422,730 1,146,713 1,393,137 1,761,154 1,775,997 1,873,390 2,188,020 2,275,233 Alaska ...................................... 81,374 377,947 476,368 818,219 769,015 756,577 739,020 828,051 Arizona ..................................... 281,941 949,753 1,075,362 1,649,832 1,836,908 2,002,395 2,143,148 2,258,660 Arkansas .................................. 235,083 666,949 709,394 1,085,943 1,118,904 1,211,156 1,319,370 1,404,545 California .................................. 3,831,595 9,172,158 9,936,642 15,040,898 16,512,668 17,402,063 19,417,178 21,485,782 Colorado .................................. 369,218 1,243,049 1,369,883 2,018,579 2,129,964 2,172,563 2,324,625 2,451,833 Connecticut .............................. 588,710 1,227,892 1,440,881 2,144,094 2,414,708 2,748,567 2,984,542 3,444,520 Delaware .................................. 108,747 269,108 270,439 391,558 418,116 440,631 479,327 520,953 District of Columbia ................. 141,138 298,448 295,155 406,910 441,135 489,357 584,035 639,983 Florida ...................................... 961,273 2,766,468 3,336,657 5,092,668 5,650,083 6,288,977 7,245,515 8,228,531 Georgia .................................... 599,371 1,608,028 1,688,714 2,979,980 3,254,786 3,549,038 4,006,069 4,505,962 Hawaii ...................................... 141,324 351,889 395,038 575,456 576,749 608,264 643,319 700,012 Idaho ........................................ 103,107 313,927 352,912 492,092 513,011 532,274 570,013 627,794 Illinois ....................................... 1,896,067 4,579,355 4,773,179 6,066,390 6,463,564 6,923,298 7,655,153 8,125,493 Indiana ..................................... 809,105 1,851,292 1,898,194 2,851,080 3,106,616 3,330,525 3,779,468 4,074,578 Iowa ......................................... 527,086 1,186,659 1,337,504 1,644,359 1,708,440 1,859,173 1,925,623 2,004,742 Kansas ..................................... 362,593 830,133 958,281 1,423,225 1,486,814 1,568,041 1,712,260 1,848,302 Kentucky .................................. 353,265 1,054,459 1,096,472 1,434,962 1,583,158 1,741,799 1,918,741 2,134,011 Louisiana .................................. 503,217 1,303,902 1,767,692 2,333,748 2,260,393 2,289,241 2,468,307 2,838,283 Maine ....................................... 155,907 385,492 401,355 688,673 760,446 839,860 921,931 1,048,195 Maryland .................................. 721,794 1,783,056 1,937,159 2,634,209 2,845,404 3,128,165 3,505,018 3,894,644 Massachusetts ......................... 907,341 2,638,734 2,794,762 3,403,505 3,744,131 4,098,062 4,516,604 4,760,390 Michigan ................................... 1,799,945 4,642,847 5,196,249 6,184,767 6,427,556 6,913,261 7,492,267 8,025,621 Minnesota ................................ 781,243 1,786,768 1,900,322 2,637,722 2,818,390 2,981,209 3,282,296 3,474,398 Mississippi ................................ 262,760 756,018 716,878 1,058,301 1,112,535 1,221,560 1,365,846 1,472,710 Missouri .................................... 642,030 1,504,988 1,643,258 2,277,576 2,515,846 2,747,234 3,096,666 3,288,738 Montana ................................... 127,176 358,118 380,092 567,901 583,861 590,226 592,454 641,345 Nebraska .................................. 231,612 581,615 629,017 911,983 948,149 995,235 1,105,009 1,233,431 Nevada ..................................... 87,273 281,901 287,752 495,147 513,014 555,272 628,657 712,898 New Hampshire ....................... 101,370 295,400 340,518 522,604 589,850 677,507 733,240 821,671 New Jersey .............................. 1,343,564 3,638,533 3,648,914 5,735,895 6,099,473 6,621,860 7,309,147 8,119,336 New Mexico ............................. 183,736 515,451 560,213 808,036 865,789 916,305 975,552 1,020,148 New York ................................. 4,111,839 8,760,500 9,259,948 13,686,039 14,724,687 16,073,392 17,127,596 18,090,978 North Carolina .......................... 676,193 1,880,862 2,112,417 2,991,747 3,193,337 3,424,194 3,892,971 4,342,826 North Dakota ............................ 97,895 228,483 254,197 379,470 374,941 385,427 431,814 459,391 Ohio ......................................... 1,639,805 3,836,576 4,149,858 5,856,999 6,114,426 6,446,903 7,484,434 7,994,379 Oklahoma ................................. 339,105 1,055,844 1,193,373 1,740,981 1,707,396 1,692,283 1,833,743 1,905,332 Oregon ..................................... 403,844 1,126,812 1,292,624 1,662,372 1,747,125 1,944,657 2,123,241 2,297,944 Pennsylvania ............................ 1,912,644 4,584,320 4,955,115 6,750,520 7,176,886 7,679,986 8,579,546 9,496,788 Rhode Island ............................ 145,443 362,046 395,389 569,935 608,318 663,800 747,852 801,908 South Carolina ......................... 367,689 997,984 1,006,088 1,708,603 1,814,160 1,932,502 2,118,732 2,322,618 South Dakota ........................... 109,375 238,332 242,215 360,832 368,266 389,436 428,014 447,074 Tennessee ............................... 473,226 1,319,303 1,429,938 1,990,889 2,167,026 2,352,183 2,668,341 2,790,808 Texas ....................................... 1,518,181 4,997,689 5,310,181 9,642,812 10,152,521 10,791,854 11,761,447 12,763,954 Utah ......................................... 179,981 518,251 587,648 906,484 932,740 974,666 1,043,759 1,130,135 Vermont ................................... 78,921 189,811 224,901 346,164 378,264 456,992 485,226 546,901 Virginia ..................................... 704,677 1,881,519 2,045,412 3,183,707 3,444,952 3,793,475 4,151,050 4,621,071 Washington .............................. 699,984 1,825,782 1,791,477 2,702,652 2,808,636 3,005,980 3,209,992 3,550,819 West Virginia ............................ 249,404 678,386 754,889 1,164,882 1,229,069 1,231,966 1,202,486 1,316,637 Wisconsin ................................. 777,288 1,908,523 2,035,879 2,893,797 3,086,878 3,318,247 3,688,311 3,929,920 Wyoming .................................. 69,584 226,067 271,153 488,616 489,825 466,921 491,930 509,084 Outlying areas American Samoa .....................       14,997 19,497 20,186 22,314 21,838 Guam ....................................... 16,652     78,545 78,278 76,359 94,368 101,130 Northern Marianas ...................       12,556 15,714 19,694 16,118 20,476 Puerto Rico ..............................     713,000 842,827 872,050 935,392 1,030,387 1,045,407 Virgin Islands ...........................       76,751 97,585 89,217 111,750 128,065 177 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 164.   Current expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by state: 1969   70 to 1997   98   Continued [ In thousands of dollars]

State or other area 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1 1995   96 Estimated 1996   97 2 Estimated 1997   98 2 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 United States ...................... $ 202,037,752 $ 211,210,190 $ 220,948,052 $ 231,542,764 $ 243,877,582 $ 255,079,736 3$ 269,507,252 3$ 281,729,089 Alabama ................................... 2,475,216 2,465,523 2,610,514 2,809,713 3,026,287 3,240,364 4 3,258,021 4 3,322,496 Alaska ...................................... 854,499 931,869 967,765 1,002,515 1,020,675 1,045,022 1,086,444 1,119,037 Arizona ..................................... 2,469,543 2,599,586 2,753,504 2,911,304 3,144,540 3,327,969 4 3,683,833 4 3,933,742 Arkansas .................................. 1,510,092 1,656,201 1,703,621 1,782,645 1,873,595 1,994,748 5 1,877,336 4 1,881,863 California .................................. 22,748,218 23,696,863 24,219,792 25,140,639 25,949,033 27,334,639 30,408,173 32,653,391 Colorado .................................. 2,642,850 2,754,087 2,919,916 2,954,793 3,232,976 3,360,529 3,280,342 3,404,995 Connecticut .............................. 3,540,411 3,665,505 3,739,497 3,943,891 4,247,328 4,366,123 4,423,000 4,665,000 Delaware .................................. 543,933 572,152 600,161 643,915 694,473 726,241 817,749 877,779 District of Columbia ................. 647,901 677,422 670,677 713,427 666,938 679,106 4 690,673 4 676,222 Florida ...................................... 9,045,710 9,314,079 9,661,012 10,331,896 11,019,735 11,480,359 12,028,408 12,566,484 Georgia .................................... 4,804,225 4,856,583 5,273,143 5,643,843 6,136,689 6,629,646 6,583,572 6,807,414 Hawaii ...................................... 827,579 884,591 946,074 998,143 1,028,729 1,040,682 1,008,025 1,019,113 Idaho ........................................ 708,045 760,440 804,231 859,088 951,350 1,019,594 1,361,500 1,493,400 Illinois ....................................... 8,932,538 9,244,655 9,942,737 10,076,889 10,640,279 10,727,091 12,517,068 12,923,480 Indiana ..................................... 4,379,142 4,544,829 4,797,946 5,064,685 5,243,761 5,493,653 5,758,000 6,046,000 Iowa ......................................... 2,136,561 2,356,196 2,459,141 2,527,434 2,622,510 2,753,425 2,885,589 3,015,440 Kansas ..................................... 1,938,012 2,028,440 2,224,080 2,325,247 2,406,580 2,488,077 2,562,719 2,662,665 Kentucky .................................. 2,480,363 2,709,623 2,823,134 2,952,119 2,988,892 3,171,495 4 3,247,568 2,840,922 Louisiana .................................. 3,023,690 3,188,024 3,199,919 3,309,018 3,475,926 3,545,832 4 3,580,283 4 3,500,590 Maine ....................................... 1,070,965 1,121,360 1,217,418 1,208,411 1,281,706 1,313,759 1,319,479 1,373,578 Maryland .................................. 4,240,862 4,362,679 4,556,266 4,783,023 5,083,380 5,311,207 4,709,060 5,018,597 Massachusetts ......................... 4,906,828 5,035,973 5,281,067 5,637,337 6,062,303 6,435,458 6,789,408 7,162,825 Michigan ................................... 8,545,805 9,156,501 9,532,994 9,816,830 10,440,206 11,137,877 11,441,941 11,754,306 Minnesota ................................ 3,740,820 3,936,695 4,135,284 4,328,093 4,622,930 4,844,879 5,077,433 5,321,150 Mississippi ................................ 1,510,552 1,536,295 1,600,752 1,725,386 1,921,480 2,000,321 5 2,034,791 2,136,530 Missouri .................................... 3,487,786 3,611,613 3,710,426 3,981,614 4,275,217 4,531,192 4,416,746 4,619,725 Montana ................................... 719,963 751,710 785,159 822,015 844,257 868,892 959,000 983,000 Nebraska .................................. 1,297,643 1,381,290 1,430,039 1,513,971 1,594,928 1,648,104 1,748,474 4 1,741,256 Nevada ..................................... 864,379 962,800 1,035,623 1,099,685 1,186,132 1,296,629 1,440,442 1,754,908 New Hampshire ....................... 890,116 927,625 972,963 1,007,129 1,053,966 1,114,540 1,234,945 1,287,577 New Jersey .............................. 8,897,612 9,660,899 9,915,482 10,448,096 10,776,982 11,208,558 4 11,703,897 4 11,789,530 New Mexico ............................. 1,134,156 1,212,189 1,240,310 1,323,459 1,441,078 1,517,517 5 1,559,825 5 1,737,846 New York ................................. 19,514,583 19,781,384 20,898,267 22,059,949 22,989,629 23,522,461 24,345,747 25,197,850 North Carolina .......................... 4,605,384 4,660,027 4,930,823 5,145,416 5,440,426 5,582,994 5,935,075 6,110,753 North Dakota ............................ 460,581 491,293 511,095 522,377 534,632 557,043 5 582,784 609,009 Ohio ......................................... 8,407,428 9,124,731 9,173,393 9,612,678 10,030,956 10,408,022 10,782,926 11,106,000 Oklahoma ................................. 2,107,513 2,268,958 2,442,320 2,680,113 2,763,721 2,804,088 3,047,410 3,169,306 Oregon ..................................... 2,453,934 2,626,803 2,849,009 2,852,723 2,948,539 3,056,801 3,247,000 3,479,000 Pennsylvania ............................ 10,087,322 10,371,796 10,944,392 11,236,417 11,587,027 12,374,073 13,117,000 13,904,000 Rhode Island ............................ 823,655 865,898 934,815 990,094 1,050,969 1,094,185 1,079,175 1,119,104 South Carolina ......................... 2,494,254 2,564,949 2,690,009 2,790,878 2,920,230 3,085,495 3,208,915 3,369,361 South Dakota ........................... 481,304 518,156 553,005 584,894 612,825 610,640 639,543 647,720 Tennessee ............................... 2,903,209 2,859,755 3,139,223 3,305,579 3,540,682 3,728,486 4 3,885,590 4 3,914,976 Texas ....................................... 13,695,327 14,709,628 15,121,655 16,193,722 17,572,269 18,801,462 21,254,691 22,850,684 Utah ......................................... 1,235,916 1,296,723 1,376,319 1,511,205 1,618,047 1,719,782 1,833,122 1,888,115 Vermont ................................... 599,018 606,410 616,212 643,828 665,559 684,864 5 684,862 4 676,187 Virginia ..................................... 4,958,213 4,993,480 5,228,326 5,441,384 5,750,318 5,969,608 4 6,474,880 4 6,188,603 Washington .............................. 3,906,471 4,259,048 4,679,698 4,892,690 5,138,928 5,367,559 5,480,787 6,604,200 West Virginia ............................ 1,473,640 1,503,980 1,626,005 1,663,868 1,758,557 1,806,004 1,847,874 1,907,006 Wisconsin ................................. 4,292,434 4,597,004 4,954,900 5,170,343 5,422,264 5,670,826 5,968,287 6,281,352 Wyoming .................................. 521,549 545,870 547,938 558,353 577,144 581,817 597,842 615,000 Outlying areas American Samoa ..................... 24,946 26,972 23,636 25,161 28,643 30,382 36,498 4 37,373 Guam ....................................... 116,406 132,494 161,477 160,797 161,434 158,303 5 145,623 181,000 Northern Marianas ................... 26,822 32,498 38,784 32,824 45,008 44,037 5 53,366 53,200 Puerto Rico .............................. 1,142,863 1,207,235 1,295,452 1,360,762 1,501,485 1,667,640 5 1,800,000 1,921,000 Virgin Islands ........................... 119,950 121,660 120,510 120,556 122,094 122,286 5 127,754 4 123,112 1 Data revised from previously published figures. 2 Data estimated by state education agencies unless otherwise indicated. 3 U. S. total includes National Center for Education Statistics estimates for nonreporting states. 4 Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics. 5 Actual preliminary count.   Data not available or not applicable. NOTE.   Beginning in 1980   81, expenditures for state administration are excluded. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; and Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 178 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 165.   Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state: 1995   96 [ In thousands]

State or other area Total expenditures Total Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs Current expenditures for public schools Instruction Student services Total Students 3 Instructional 4 General administration School administration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States ........ $ 293,610,849 $ 255,079,736 $ 157,480,290 $ 86,172,655 $ 12,243,641 $ 10,071,302 $ 5,866,480 $ 14,831,161 Alabama .................... 3,633,168 3,240,364 2,032,706 970,024 108,627 106,993 71,865 191,236 Alaska ........................ 1,251,355 1,045,022 591,338 420,151 52,586 58,700 60,212 63,392 Arizona ...................... 4,393,822 3,327,969 1,921,658 1,192,286 145,080 105,672 134,589 181,920 Arkansas ................... 2,248,059 1,994,748 1,244,145 613,193 81,449 75,532 68,403 111,804 California ................... 30,406,167 27,334,639 16,333,392 9,829,490 1,452,162 1,253,659 168,029 2,089,532 Colorado .................... 4,138,328 3,360,529 2,069,222 1,156,615 142,866 124,223 94,664 224,970 Connecticut ............... 4,656,518 4,366,123 2,780,996 1,363,960 227,587 126,630 87,172 242,156 Delaware ................... 823,067 726,241 447,549 244,095 35,038 10,375 7,963 40,913 District of Columbia ... 711,929 679,106 334,893 312,944 85,684 34,518 19,903 37,519 Florida ....................... 14,231,901 11,480,359 6,675,272 4,238,643 518,152 642,321 125,889 771,572 Georgia ...................... 8,051,720 6,629,646 4,116,129 2,109,944 267,862 324,776 94,189 416,759 Hawaii ........................ 1,262,385 1,040,682 651,832 322,254 64,740 39,115 7,734 65,454 Idaho ......................... 1,204,717 1,019,594 643,243 330,614 53,541 31,225 25,765 62,332 Illinois ........................ 12,262,164 10,727,091 6,461,142 3,892,546 540,225 401,100 321,916 590,324 Indiana ....................... 6,568,240 5,493,653 3,412,502 1,836,980 233,153 154,438 100,287 308,242 Iowa ........................... 3,048,566 2,753,425 1,691,945 926,348 170,366 124,464 81,817 143,571 Kansas ...................... 2,732,391 2,488,077 1,441,539 923,743 122,982 102,164 96,897 167,840 Kentucky .................... 3,447,820 3,171,495 1,942,324 1,081,739 124,475 85,394 126,085 194,448 Louisiana ................... 3,878,876 3,545,832 2,099,916 1,130,311 134,689 141,633 81,098 195,971 Maine ......................... 1,422,526 1,313,759 882,302 383,560 38,651 36,857 25,370 74,519 Maryland .................... 5,839,898 5,311,207 3,263,165 1,796,246 219,149 216,968 28,931 437,906 Massachusetts .......... 6,680,053 6,435,458 4,275,924 1,947,224 298,248 203,651 144,036 302,442 Michigan .................... 12,742,147 11,137,877 6,583,062 4,229,411 703,337 478,208 226,291 681,482 Minnesota .................. 6,184,218 4,844,879 3,095,995 1,553,894 152,927 264,047 115,247 209,100 Mississippi ................. 2,286,758 2,000,321 1,246,654 603,502 72,944 76,766 60,174 110,001 Missouri ..................... 5,319,015 4,531,192 2,770,426 1,565,327 193,113 177,747 143,728 268,686 Montana .................... 946,567 868,892 541,473 291,170 38,937 29,562 27,864 46,206 Nebraska ................... 1,907,419 1,648,104 1,027,617 487,949 65,446 56,991 60,530 84,875 Nevada ...................... 1,611,165 1,296,629 768,352 483,971 49,234 35,803 25,315 94,642 New Hampshire ......... 1,244,321 1,114,540 725,558 349,699 60,948 30,362 38,858 63,061 New Jersey ............... 12,231,660 11,208,558 6,775,687 4,061,688 747,150 344,067 330,090 628,605 New Mexico ............... 1,796,491 1,517,517 872,133 558,257 119,802 69,280 40,968 74,953 New York ................... 26,907,652 23,522,461 15,948,326 6,943,853 941,911 530,265 556,860 984,540 North Carolina ........... 6,490,339 5,582,994 3,479,891 1,740,685 277,597 201,268 107,979 366,907 North Dakota ............. 620,394 557,043 339,950 168,142 16,563 12,415 28,442 25,975 Ohio ........................... 11,874,454 10,408,022 6,200,538 3,819,921 517,122 512,259 264,166 620,053 Oklahoma .................. 3,111,652 2,804,088 1,680,375 949,350 152,299 80,474 116,722 154,505 Oregon ...................... 3,436,859 3,056,801 1,852,333 1,095,768 147,570 141,742 66,483 203,347 Pennsylvania ............. 14,337,270 12,374,073 7,922,896 4,003,738 572,386 386,905 359,263 559,187 Rhode Island ............. 1,145,773 1,094,185 728,417 336,288 67,987 35,315 24,511 53,354 South Carolina .......... 3,683,763 3,085,495 1,821,432 1,064,316 202,810 175,636 43,376 195,675 South Dakota ............ 686,104 610,640 370,593 205,012 25,120 21,076 17,874 35,547 Tennessee ................. 4,295,064 3,728,486 2,378,112 1,151,816 119,988 194,847 84,329 205,363 Texas ......................... 22,217,305 18,801,462 11,540,336 6,179,630 861,085 815,973 692,991 1,035,280 Utah ........................... 2,159,133 1,719,782 1,152,136 465,935 51,345 63,991 17,324 98,351 Vermont ..................... 769,049 684,864 444,162 219,761 40,718 20,734 20,392 45,469 Virginia ...................... 6,986,861 5,969,608 3,601,235 2,045,379 286,321 323,547 63,245 359,684 Washington ............... 6,544,096 5,367,559 3,225,122 1,890,496 315,886 260,129 145,262 271,935 West Virginia ............. 1,965,472 1,806,004 1,122,084 578,586 57,382 47,184 47,320 104,923 Wisconsin .................. 6,544,688 5,670,826 3,591,487 1,905,973 235,633 266,345 155,267 299,474 Wyoming ................... 671,489 581,817 360,771 200,226 32,768 17,955 12,799 35,159 Outlying areas American Samoa ....... 35,490 30,382 12,456 10,874 3,570 1,545 501 1,626 Guam ......................... 158,445 158,303 87,773 61,187 17,077 3,512 1,416 7,763 Northern Marianas .... 47,578 44,037 35,357 5,698 152 182 4,643 0 Puerto Rico ............... 1,722,788 1,667,640 1,198,197 250,596 51,554 0 98,089 19,035 Virgin Islands ............. 127,754 122,286 69,478 46,012 6,182 7,700 9,303 6,803 179 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 165.   Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state: 1995   96   Continued [ In thousands]

State or other area Total expenditures Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs Other current expenditures 1 Capital outlay 2 Interest on school debt Student services Food services Enterprise operations 5 Operation and maintenance Student transportation Other support services 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 United States ...... $ 25,725,984 $ 10,394,695 $ 7,039,392 $ 10,648,854 $ 777,936 $ 4,724,662 $ 27,547,918 $ 6,258,534 Alabama .................... 289,843 131,883 69,576 237,634 0 56,173 292,706 43,925 Alaska ........................ 147,093 35,820 2,347 29,009 4,524 5,402 178,915 22,016 Arizona ...................... 378,922 134,032 112,071 172,221 41,803 29,293 812,131 224,430 Arkansas ................... 171,166 75,532 29,308 119,701 17,710 11,659 196,003 45,650 California ................... 2,863,245 768,783 1,234,080 1,166,119 5,638 531,838 2,417,780 121,909 Colorado .................... 299,420 98,258 172,215 121,450 13,242 8,676 617,785 151,338 Connecticut ............... 408,419 189,983 82,014 119,894 101,273 81,637 106,111 102,647 Delaware ................... 71,852 42,045 35,909 34,596 0 13,367 74,700 8,759 District of Columbia ... 98,172 14,754 22,394 29,179 2,091 8,721 21,467 2,635 Florida ....................... 1,335,948 491,354 353,408 566,444 0 411,670 2,048,092 291,780 Georgia ...................... 574,027 254,766 177,565 397,944 5,630 254,738 1,045,456 121,880 Hawaii ........................ 105,042 19,298 20,873 66,595 0 31,309 159,558 30,837 Idaho ......................... 94,954 47,268 15,530 45,736 0 2,122 157,597 25,405 Illinois ........................ 1,192,303 506,262 340,417 373,402 0 90,228 1,173,420 271,426 Indiana ....................... 601,872 312,061 126,928 244,171 0 41,861 624,306 408,420 Iowa ........................... 242,507 86,381 77,242 122,983 12,148 17,177 242,068 35,896 Kansas ...................... 281,318 103,062 49,480 122,794 0 3,029 186,590 54,696 Kentucky .................... 320,285 184,915 46,136 147,432 0 21,541 185,609 69,175 Louisiana ................... 319,344 198,277 59,299 264,211 51,393 23,370 236,608 73,067 Maine ......................... 124,832 61,177 22,153 47,824 73 15,648 60,078 33,042 Maryland .................... 527,925 266,100 99,267 166,649 85,148 18,192 452,471 58,027 Massachusetts .......... 598,964 286,248 113,634 212,310 0 59,591 66,818 118,187 Michigan .................... 1,204,619 475,639 459,835 325,403 0 356,592 952,539 295,139 Minnesota .................. 409,419 259,091 144,063 194,990 0 218,463 927,467 193,409 Mississippi ................. 173,345 81,208 29,063 149,666 499 13,499 232,798 40,140 Missouri ..................... 441,455 255,492 85,106 195,439 0 85,301 575,759 126,763 Montana .................... 90,804 38,308 19,489 35,778 470 5,747 61,361 10,567 Nebraska ................... 144,439 47,312 28,354 62,840 69,698 2,060 229,681 27,574 Nevada ...................... 131,000 57,157 90,819 44,305 0 9,069 230,269 75,199 New Hampshire ......... 98,111 49,447 8,912 39,284 0 4,276 97,162 28,342 New Jersey ............... 1,230,498 558,986 222,293 330,898 40,284 141,304 727,284 154,515 New Mexico ............... 157,011 74,787 21,456 77,732 9,396 7,952 246,961 24,061 New York ................... 2,183,189 1,172,615 574,474 630,281 0 912,651 1,918,134 554,406 North Carolina ........... 474,144 209,247 103,544 362,417 0 39,864 727,293 140,188 North Dakota ............. 49,878 24,733 10,137 28,314 20,637 4,253 52,052 7,046 Ohio ........................... 1,005,165 273,774 627,382 384,139 3,425 352,284 819,258 294,890 Oklahoma .................. 292,724 91,566 61,060 149,468 24,896 11,672 273,257 22,634 Oregon ...................... 280,413 124,502 131,712 104,771 3,929 11,450 288,229 80,380 Pennsylvania ............. 1,258,224 543,990 323,783 435,188 12,250 315,558 1,234,924 412,716 Rhode Island ............. 98,914 44,336 11,870 29,480 0 9,322 22,106 20,160 South Carolina .......... 286,155 93,456 67,209 181,207 18,539 55,275 453,207 89,786 South Dakota ............ 61,045 24,593 19,756 32,571 2,464 1,013 62,693 11,759 Tennessee ................. 357,936 135,300 54,053 198,558 0 17,641 463,845 85,092 Texas ......................... 2,084,036 522,233 168,033 1,029,383 52,114 96,344 2,710,954 608,545 Utah ........................... 155,632 48,483 30,809 94,445 7,265 51,870 338,271 49,211 Vermont ..................... 56,197 22,869 13,382 20,242 699 2,050 69,409 12,726 Virginia ...................... 628,660 265,821 118,101 230,510 92,484 113,349 752,071 151,833 Washington ............... 555,847 213,329 128,108 173,880 78,061 27,709 898,786 250,041 West Virginia ............. 180,967 116,280 24,530 105,181 154 29,007 113,988 16,473 Wisconsin .................. 524,527 239,221 185,506 173,366 0 90,754 633,453 149,655 Wyoming ................... 64,176 22,663 14,706 20,820 0 1,092 78,443 10,136 Outlying areas American Samoa ....... 1,834 587 1,210 7,052 0 2,480 2,628 0 Guam ......................... 15,190 10,594 5,635 9,343 0 142 0 0 Northern Marianas .... 192 406 123 2,982 0 1,906 1,635 0 Puerto Rico ............... 43,435 36,370 2,114 218,847 0 22,299 32,305 543 Virgin Islands ............. 7,023 3,218 5,783 6,730 65 1,425 4,043 0 1 Includes expenditures for adult education, community colleges, private school programs funded by local and state education agencies, and community services.

2 Includes expenditures for property and for building and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

3 Includes expenditures for health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

4 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers. 5 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services ( e. g., school bookstore or computer time).

NOTE.   Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 180 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 166.   Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state: 1994   95 [ In thousands]

State or other area Total expenditures Total Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs Current expenditures for public schools Instruction Student services Total Students 3 Instructional 4 General administration School administration 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States ........ $ 279,000,318 $ 243,877,582 $ 150,556,118 $ 82,351,869 $ 11,679,127 $ 9,654,676 $ 5,731,420 $ 14,146,428 Alabama .................... 3,372,114 3,026,287 1,906,471 887,965 95,915 101,461 67,361 178,661 Alaska ........................ 1,208,525 1,020,675 574,242 414,526 46,037 59,776 59,146 62,651 Arizona ...................... 4,071,643 3,144,540 1,811,167 1,122,380 136,799 101,272 127,853 172,363 Arkansas ................... 2,094,833 1,873,595 1,144,389 601,518 80,417 81,129 69,890 108,937 California ................... 29,070,435 25,949,033 15,549,692 9,299,207 1,389,412 1,184,061 157,603 1,988,240 Colorado .................... 3,867,788 3,232,976 1,970,908 1,138,810 134,882 105,180 95,407 212,746 Connecticut ............... 4,501,537 4,247,328 2,721,552 1,308,873 205,801 125,781 85,815 230,445 Delaware ................... 776,034 694,473 431,618 234,509 35,208 10,054 8,607 39,851 District of Columbia ... 706,715 666,938 336,543 301,372 68,249 35,583 24,128 35,772 Florida ....................... 13,756,867 11,019,735 6,395,934 4,085,932 493,124 621,024 124,221 751,327 Georgia ...................... 7,394,767 6,136,689 3,779,713 1,980,428 243,585 308,258 92,699 390,256 Hawaii ........................ 1,185,571 1,028,729 636,952 328,578 56,477 47,903 8,317 61,235 Idaho ......................... 1,110,948 951,350 602,232 304,596 47,883 27,869 22,736 57,616 Illinois ........................ 12,102,804 10,640,279 6,367,082 3,913,546 598,430 414,320 346,332 567,303 Indiana ....................... 6,297,458 5,243,761 3,262,523 1,746,052 220,704 150,548 97,521 286,489 Iowa ........................... 2,876,604 2,622,510 1,623,942 869,366 151,650 111,906 93,466 136,484 Kansas ...................... 2,651,153 2,406,580 1,387,198 901,603 122,448 96,919 97,200 163,849 Kentucky .................... 3,228,465 2,988,892 1,787,693 1,048,757 114,995 94,131 116,323 192,765 Louisiana ................... 3,811,767 3,475,926 2,071,476 1,092,851 129,617 134,672 79,512 191,691 Maine ......................... 1,402,024 1,281,706 859,560 375,712 37,206 35,897 25,281 71,727 Maryland .................... 5,616,288 5,083,380 3,127,996 1,714,032 204,542 205,561 28,724 407,145 Massachusetts .......... 6,255,672 6,062,303 3,994,523 1,867,028 280,004 193,981 154,586 262,665 Michigan .................... 11,864,469 10,440,206 6,228,315 3,905,033 646,546 440,927 216,139 621,034 Minnesota .................. 5,829,727 4,622,930 2,946,240 1,490,265 150,969 244,948 120,037 211,671 Mississippi ................. 2,158,879 1,921,480 1,197,868 573,685 67,952 75,608 57,872 104,056 Missouri ..................... 4,970,915 4,275,217 2,597,027 1,491,719 177,983 172,595 135,644 250,535 Montana .................... 917,118 844,257 525,617 283,019 38,085 28,041 28,878 44,106 Nebraska ................... 1,858,791 1,594,928 997,581 464,411 61,438 52,704 59,617 80,733 Nevada ...................... 1,382,856 1,186,132 706,132 439,092 44,003 34,017 19,791 85,859 New Hampshire ......... 1,165,596 1,053,966 679,079 337,425 57,176 29,368 37,333 59,965 New Jersey ............... 11,785,829 10,776,982 6,467,203 3,962,515 711,455 343,400 333,877 616,362 New Mexico ............... 1,672,973 1,441,078 837,029 524,885 109,502 62,194 38,770 70,822 New York ................... 26,273,275 22,989,629 15,636,396 6,716,673 920,036 515,478 532,921 967,188 North Carolina ........... 6,206,406 5,440,426 3,387,680 1,700,284 275,299 203,004 109,618 360,519 North Dakota ............. 587,279 534,632 328,461 158,320 15,055 11,342 26,664 24,667 Ohio ........................... 11,711,711 10,030,956 5,960,083 3,696,226 494,237 491,446 256,871 600,742 Oklahoma .................. 3,064,964 2,763,721 1,662,373 932,702 146,932 80,318 111,885 153,770 Oregon ...................... 3,327,032 2,948,539 1,776,148 1,071,438 144,181 140,178 64,919 186,509 Pennsylvania ............. 13,135,222 11,587,027 7,460,973 3,674,151 520,141 360,427 323,749 531,342 Rhode Island ............. 1,094,983 1,050,969 703,185 318,828 63,190 35,484 23,089 51,318 South Carolina .......... 3,353,682 2,920,230 1,727,214 1,007,017 188,416 164,710 50,323 185,744 South Dakota ............ 695,692 612,825 376,116 203,434 25,030 20,853 18,149 34,923 Tennessee ................. 4,027,607 3,540,682 2,285,884 1,063,138 107,096 184,306 77,382 193,446 Texas ......................... 20,352,717 17,572,269 10,753,150 5,793,863 818,794 756,747 657,189 983,347 Utah ........................... 2,050,021 1,618,047 1,089,195 433,062 46,035 59,045 16,309 91,455 Vermont ..................... 727,870 665,559 434,933 209,344 39,133 20,037 19,726 43,535 Virginia ...................... 6,637,551 5,750,318 3,483,576 1,959,196 276,456 310,885 63,440 343,478 Washington ............... 6,172,346 5,138,928 3,075,781 1,824,722 324,236 248,340 137,716 258,070 West Virginia ............. 1,945,379 1,758,557 1,090,056 564,738 56,646 47,696 45,205 103,189 Wisconsin .................. 6,030,769 5,422,264 3,441,286 1,816,370 227,651 255,756 152,683 282,766 Wyoming ................... 638,647 577,144 358,131 198,676 32,069 17,539 12,896 35,055 Outlying areas American Samoa ....... 34,511 28,643 11,796 11,453 3,314 2,397 471 1,568 Guam ......................... 161,823 161,434 79,336 68,478 19,120 4,585 2,207 9,681 Northern Marianas .... 48,127 45,008 35,613 6,581 6,581 0 0 0 Puerto Rico ............... 1,551,369 1,501,485 1,093,038 219,007 34,985 0 94,633 15,904 Virgin Islands ............. 137,020 122,094 69,349 45,951 6,171 7,677 9,289 6,801 181 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 166.   Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by function and state: 1994   95   Continued [ In thousands]

State or other area Total expenditures Current expenditures for elementary and secondary programs Other current expenditures 1 Capital outlay 2 Interest on school debt Student services Food services Enterprise operations 5 Operation and maintenance Student transportation Other support services 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 United States ........ $ 24,542,922 $ 9,889,034 $ 6,708,262 $ 10,268,542 $ 701,053 $ 5,148,505 $ 24,456,100 $ 5,518,131 Alabama .................... 257,876 125,387 61,304 231,851 0 55,454 247,086 43,287 Alaska ........................ 149,321 35,338 2,258 27,454 4,453 5,636 157,651 24,563 Arizona ...................... 355,125 121,198 107,769 169,981 41,012 26,014 725,588 175,501 Arkansas ................... 160,194 71,079 29,872 112,852 14,837 11,060 165,941 44,237 California ................... 2,703,051 728,475 1,148,364 1,096,200 3,934 493,215 2,529,013 99,174 Colorado .................... 288,364 91,328 210,903 112,961 10,297 8,237 458,354 168,220 Connecticut ............... 390,086 180,164 90,782 124,397 92,506 66,132 86,860 101,217 Delaware ................... 66,400 40,603 33,785 28,347 0 20,661 52,594 8,306 District of Columbia ... 100,787 14,673 22,179 26,953 2,071 9,183 27,400 3,194 Florida ....................... 1,284,882 461,045 350,308 537,869 0 398,246 2,077,463 261,424 Georgia ...................... 541,410 236,703 167,517 372,965 3,583 245,749 899,069 113,260 Hawaii ........................ 109,945 20,932 23,769 63,199 0 33,858 94,706 28,277 Idaho ......................... 88,963 44,129 15,399 44,522 0 1,699 134,626 23,273 Illinois ........................ 1,176,403 488,953 321,805 359,650 0 387,113 835,313 240,099 Indiana ....................... 571,228 296,455 123,106 235,186 0 40,278 644,345 369,075 Iowa ........................... 230,119 83,499 62,242 118,903 10,299 15,714 209,806 28,574 Kansas ...................... 267,158 99,645 54,384 117,778 0 3,238 186,381 54,954 Kentucky .................... 310,055 178,019 42,470 152,442 0 7,540 167,857 64,176 Louisiana ................... 301,605 198,378 57,375 262,485 49,115 22,939 219,307 93,594 Maine ......................... 124,030 59,747 21,824 46,432 3 15,461 69,977 34,880 Maryland .................... 508,935 258,942 100,184 161,657 79,695 20,811 458,718 53,379 Massachusetts .......... 607,195 260,916 107,680 200,752 0 22,046 56,327 114,995 Michigan .................... 1,106,729 443,303 430,355 306,858 0 396,602 779,103 248,558 Minnesota .................. 374,231 246,818 141,593 186,425 0 206,489 832,894 167,414 Mississippi ................. 161,563 79,374 27,260 149,321 606 12,975 189,219 35,206 Missouri ..................... 414,091 252,573 88,297 186,472 0 72,886 527,098 95,714 Montana .................... 88,928 36,971 18,010 35,335 286 3,446 58,245 11,170 Nebraska ................... 137,977 45,967 25,975 61,069 71,867 1,895 234,277 27,691 Nevada ...................... 124,105 52,440 78,878 40,907 0 7,831 126,517 62,377 New Hampshire ......... 95,538 47,865 10,179 37,462 0 3,853 80,403 27,374 New Jersey ............... 1,187,881 542,987 226,552 305,128 42,136 155,678 713,451 139,717 New Mexico ............... 151,975 72,478 19,144 69,589 9,575 9,795 199,753 22,348 New York ................... 2,112,752 1,135,476 532,822 636,560 0 891,267 1,911,244 481,135 North Carolina ........... 452,060 202,679 97,104 352,461 0 34,895 602,044 129,041 North Dakota ............. 47,023 24,086 9,483 28,392 19,459 4,271 41,158 7,218 Ohio ........................... 976,449 267,937 608,545 372,258 2,390 693,248 709,604 277,903 Oklahoma .................. 281,658 89,730 68,410 146,101 22,545 10,678 271,306 19,259 Oregon ...................... 283,418 117,678 134,554 98,931 2,023 9,784 304,585 64,124 Pennsylvania ............. 1,191,240 464,772 282,480 442,456 9,448 284,200 994,217 269,779 Rhode Island ............. 86,845 46,942 11,961 28,956 0 6,645 20,229 17,140 South Carolina .......... 265,137 91,002 61,685 175,774 10,225 61,754 293,549 78,150 South Dakota ............ 59,110 24,625 20,743 31,867 1,408 1,194 69,492 12,181 Tennessee ................. 326,088 128,713 46,107 191,660 0 16,785 395,526 74,614 Texas ......................... 1,956,723 485,709 135,354 993,076 32,180 87,311 2,148,179 544,958 Utah ........................... 147,363 45,359 27,497 91,662 4,128 48,035 337,844 46,095 Vermont ..................... 53,494 22,184 11,236 19,129 2,154 3,502 49,269 9,540 Virginia ...................... 604,534 253,327 107,077 221,934 85,612 110,016 631,622 145,594 Washington ............... 530,680 206,454 119,226 165,327 73,098 24,984 785,663 222,772 West Virginia ............. 174,973 113,597 23,432 103,652 111 28,917 141,023 16,882 Wisconsin .................. 493,584 229,896 174,034 164,608 0 47,641 455,293 105,571 Wyoming ................... 63,640 22,485 14,992 20,336 0 1,643 48,913 10,947 Outlying areas American Samoa ....... 1,614 834 1,254 5,394 0 2,901 2,967 0 Guam ......................... 16,199 10,608 6,078 10,099 3,520 169 219 0 Northern Marianas .... 0 0 0 2,814 0 261 2,858 0 Puerto Rico ............... 38,081 34,259 1,144 189,440 0 20,351 28,709 824 Virgin Islands ............. 7,020 3,214 5,780 6,731 64 1,485 13,441 0 1 Includes expenditures for adult education, community colleges, private school programs funded by local and state education agencies, and community services.

2 Includes expenditures for property and for building and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

3 Includes expenditures for health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

4 Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers. 5 Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services ( e. g., school bookstore or computer time).

NOTE.   Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 182 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 167.   Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1959   60 to 1995   96 State or other area Unadjusted dollars 1959   60 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1985   86 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 United States .............. $ 375 $ 816 $ 2,272 $ 2,502 $ 3,756 $ 4,240 $ 4,645 $ 4,980 $ 5,258 $ 5,421 $ 5,584 $ 5,767 $ 5,989 $ 6,146 Alabama .......................... 241 544 1,612 1,985 2,565 2,718 3,197 3,327 3,627 3,616 3,761 4,037 4,405 4,716 Alaska .............................. 546 1,123 4,728 5,688 8,304 7,971 7,716 8,431 8,330 8,450 8,735 8,882 8,963 9,012 Arizona ............................ 404 720 1,971 2,258 3,336 3,744 3,902 4,053 4,309 4,381 4,510 4,611 4,778 4,860 Arkansas .......................... 225 568 1,574 1,701 2,658 2,989 3,273 3,485 3,700 4,031 4,124 4,280 4,459 4,710 California ......................... 2 424 867 2,268 2,475 3,543 3,840 4,135 4,391 4,491 4,746 4,780 4,921 4,992 5,108 Colorado .......................... 396 738 2,421 2,693 3,975 4,220 4,521 4,720 5,064 5,172 5,139 5,097 5,443 5,521 Connecticut ...................... 436 951 2,420 2,876 4,743 6,230 6,857 7,837 7,853 8,012 7,973 8,473 8,817 8,817 Delaware ......................... 456 900 2,861 3,018 4,610 5,017 5,422 5,799 5,974 6,093 6,274 6,621 7,030 7,267 District of Columbia ......... 431 1,018 3,259 3,441 5,337 6,132 7,850 8,955 9,377 9,549 9,419 10,180 9,335 9,565 Florida .............................. 318 732 1,889 2,401 3,529 4,092 4,563 4,997 5,276 5,243 5,314 5,516 5,718 5,894 Georgia ............................ 253 588 1,625 1,708 2,966 3,434 3,852 4,275 4,466 4,419 4,686 4,915 5,193 5,377 Hawaii .............................. 325 841 2,322 2,604 3,807 3,919 4,121 4,448 5,166 5,420 5,704 5,879 6,078 6,051 Idaho ................................ 290 603 1,659 1,856 2,484 2,667 2,833 3,078 3,386 3,556 3,690 3,844 4,210 4,465 Illinois ............................... 438 909 2,587 2,704 3,781 4,369 4,906 5,118 5,520 5,670 5,898 5,893 6,136 6,128 Indiana ............................. 369 728 1,882 2,010 3,275 3,794 4,284 4,606 4,930 5,074 5,344 5,630 5,826 6,040 Iowa ................................. 368 844 2,326 2,668 3,619 4,124 4,285 4,453 4,679 5,096 5,257 5,288 5,483 5,772 Kansas ............................. 348 771 2,173 2,559 3,829 4,076 4,443 4,752 4,874 5,007 5,442 5,659 5,817 5,971 Kentucky .......................... 233 545 1,701 1,784 2,486 3,011 3,347 3,745 4,354 4,719 4,872 5,107 5,217 5,545 Louisiana ......................... 372 648 1,792 2,469 3,187 3,138 3,317 3,903 4,196 4,352 4,428 4,519 4,761 4,988 Maine ............................... 283 692 1,824 1,934 3,472 4,258 4,744 5,373 5,458 5,652 6,073 6,069 6,428 6,546 Maryland .......................... 393 918 2,598 2,914 4,447 5,201 5,758 6,275 6,654 6,679 6,813 6,958 7,245 7,382 Massachusetts ................. 409 859 2,819 2,940 4,562 5,471 5,972 6,237 6,366 6,408 6,627 6,959 7,287 7,613 Michigan .......................... 415 904 2,640 3,037 4,176 4,692 5,150 5,546 5,883 6,268 6,494 6,658 6,994 7,166 Minnesota ........................ 425 904 2,387 2,673 3,941 4,386 4,755 4,971 5,239 5,409 5,554 5,720 6,000 6,162 Mississippi ....................... 206 501 1,664 1,605 2,362 2,548 2,861 3,094 3,187 3,245 3,382 3,660 4,080 4,250 Missouri ........................... 344 709 1,936 2,172 3,189 3,786 4,263 4,507 4,754 4,830 4,885 5,114 5,383 5,626 Montana ........................... 411 782 2,476 2,683 4,091 4,246 4,293 4,736 5,204 5,319 5,425 5,598 5,692 5,847 Nebraska ......................... 337 736 2,150 2,384 3,634 3,943 4,360 4,842 5,038 5,263 5,336 5,651 5,935 6,083 Nevada ............................ 430 769 2,088 2,078 3,440 3,623 3,871 4,117 4,653 4,926 5,066 5,052 5,160 5,320 New Hampshire ............... 347 723 1,916 2,265 3,542 4,457 4,807 5,304 5,685 5,790 5,644 5,723 5,859 5,958 New Jersey ...................... 388 1,016 3,191 3,254 5,570 6,564 7,549 8,139 8,756 9,317 9,415 9,677 9,774 9,955 New Mexico ..................... 363 707 2,034 2,329 3,195 3,691 3,473 3,515 3,895 3,765 4,071 4,261 4,577 4,587 New York ......................... 562 1,327 3,462 3,741 6,011 7,151 7,663 8,062 8,565 8,527 8,902 9,175 9,623 9,549 North Carolina ................. 237 612 1,754 2,001 2,948 3,368 3,874 4,290 4,548 4,554 4,763 4,894 5,077 5,090 North Dakota ................... 367 690 1,920 2,275 3,483 3,519 3,952 4,189 4,199 4,441 4,597 4,674 4,795 4,979 Ohio ................................. 365 730 2,075 2,303 3,527 3,998 4,686 5,045 5,245 5,694 5,754 5,971 6,162 6,266 Oklahoma ........................ 311 604 1,926 2,199 3,146 3,093 3,379 3,508 3,843 4,076 4,355 4,734 4,845 4,881 Oregon ............................. 448 925 2,692 3,100 4,141 4,789 5,182 5,474 5,683 5,913 6,296 6,263 6,436 6,615 Pennsylvania ................... 409 882 2,535 2,824 4,325 4,989 5,597 6,228 6,541 6,613 6,890 6,983 7,109 7,492 Rhode Island ................... 413 891 2,601 2,927 4,667 5,329 6,064 6,368 6,343 6,546 6,938 7,333 7,715 7,936 South Carolina ................. 220 613 1,752 1,734 3,058 3,408 3,736 4,082 4,352 4,436 4,624 4,761 4,797 5,096 South Dakota ................... 347 690 1,908 1,991 3,051 3,249 3,585 3,731 3,965 4,173 4,357 4,586 4,775 4,780 Tennessee ....................... 238 566 1,635 1,794 2,612 3,068 3,491 3,664 3,782 3,692 3,993 4,149 4,388 4,548 Texas ............................... 332 624 1,916 2,006 3,298 3,608 3,877 4,150 4,438 4,632 4,670 4,898 5,222 5,473 Utah ................................. 322 626 1,657 1,819 2,390 2,454 2,588 2,764 2,960 3,040 3,180 3,439 3,656 3,867 Vermont ........................... 344 807 1,997 2,475 4,031 5,207 5,481 6,227 6,738 6,671 6,411 6,600 6,750 6,837 Virginia ............................. 274 708 1,970 2,179 3,520 4,149 4,539 4,672 4,902 4,878 4,980 5,109 5,327 5,433 Washington ...................... 420 915 2,568 2,542 3,881 4,164 4,359 4,702 5,000 5,271 5,614 5,751 5,906 6,044 West Virginia ................... 258 670 1,920 2,146 3,528 3,858 3,883 4,360 4,911 5,078 5,527 5,713 6,107 6,325 Wisconsin ........................ 413 883 2,477 2,738 4,168 4,747 5,266 5,524 5,871 6,139 6,475 6,717 6,930 7,094 Wyoming .......................... 450 856 2,527 2,967 5,114 5,051 5,375 5,577 5,638 5,812 5,822 5,899 6,160 6,243 Outlying areas American Samoa .............         1,387 1,908 1,988 1,908 2,033 2,085 1,670 1,785 2,046 2,159 Guam ............................... 236 820     3,383 3,295 4,067 4,234 4,596 5,231 5,309 5,071 5,080 4,947 Northern Marianas ...........         2,552 3,366 2,414 3,007 4,425 5,247 5,288 4,510 6,123 5,863 Puerto Rico ...................... 106       1,325 1,504 1,692 1,750 1,913 2,162 2,364 2,312 2,742 3,039 Virgin Islands ................... 271       3,223 4,036 5,281 6,767 6,002 5,935 5,843 5,915 6,003 6,155 183 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 167.   Current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1959   60 to 1995   96   Continued State or other area Constant 1995   96 dollars 1 1959   60 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1985   86 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 United States .............. $ 1,973 $ 3,337 $ 4,521 $ 4,462 $ 5,332 $ 5,655 $ 5,921 $ 6,059 $ 6,066 $ 6,060 $ 6,053 $ 6,094 $ 6,152 $ 6,146 Alabama .......................... 1,268 2,225 3,208 3,540 3,641 3,625 4,075 4,048 4,184 4,042 4,077 4,265 4,525 4,716 Alaska .............................. 2,873 4,591 9,409 10,145 11,790 10,631 9,837 10,259 9,610 9,446 9,468 9,385 9,207 9,012 Arizona ............................ 2,122 2,945 3,922 4,028 4,737 4,994 4,975 4,932 4,971 4,897 4,889 4,872 4,908 4,860 Arkansas .......................... 1,184 2,322 3,133 3,034 3,773 3,987 4,173 4,240 4,269 4,506 4,471 4,523 4,580 4,710 California ......................... 2 2,229 3,547 4,513 4,414 5,031 5,122 5,271 5,343 5,181 5,305 5,182 5,200 5,128 5,108 Colorado .......................... 2,083 3,018 4,818 4,802 5,643 5,628 5,763 5,744 5,842 5,781 5,571 5,386 5,591 5,521 Connecticut ...................... 2,293 3,891 4,816 5,129 6,734 8,310 8,742 9,536 9,061 8,957 8,643 8,953 9,056 8,817 Delaware ......................... 2,396 3,681 5,694 5,383 6,545 6,692 6,913 7,056 6,892 6,811 6,801 6,997 7,221 7,267 District of Columbia ......... 2,267 4,165 6,486 6,137 7,578 8,179 10,008 10,896 10,819 10,675 10,211 10,757 9,589 9,565 Florida .............................. 1,670 2,995 3,759 4,283 5,011 5,458 5,817 6,081 6,087 5,861 5,761 5,828 5,874 5,894 Georgia ............................ 1,333 2,405 3,234 3,047 4,211 4,580 4,911 5,201 5,152 4,940 5,079 5,193 5,334 5,377 Hawaii .............................. 1,707 3,438 4,621 4,644 5,405 5,226 5,253 5,413 5,960 6,059 6,184 6,212 6,243 6,051 Idaho ................................ 1,523 2,467 3,302 3,310 3,526 3,557 3,611 3,745 3,907 3,975 4,000 4,062 4,324 4,465 Illinois ............................... 2,305 3,720 5,148 4,822 5,369 5,827 6,254 6,227 6,369 6,338 6,394 6,227 6,303 6,128 Indiana ............................. 1,939 2,978 3,746 3,585 4,650 5,060 5,462 5,605 5,688 5,672 5,793 5,949 5,985 6,040 Iowa ................................. 1,933 3,453 4,630 4,758 5,139 5,500 5,462 5,418 5,398 5,697 5,699 5,588 5,632 5,772 Kansas ............................. 1,828 3,153 4,325 4,564 5,437 5,437 5,664 5,782 5,623 5,598 5,899 5,980 5,975 5,971 Kentucky .......................... 1,226 2,230 3,385 3,182 3,530 4,015 4,267 4,557 5,023 5,275 5,281 5,397 5,359 5,545 Louisiana ......................... 1,956 2,650 3,566 4,404 4,525 4,185 4,229 4,750 4,841 4,865 4,800 4,775 4,890 4,988 Maine ............................... 1,487 2,832 3,629 3,449 4,929 5,679 6,047 6,538 6,297 6,318 6,583 6,412 6,603 6,546 Maryland .......................... 2,065 3,756 5,170 5,197 6,314 6,937 7,341 7,636 7,676 7,466 7,385 7,352 7,443 7,382 Massachusetts ................. 2,150 3,514 5,611 5,243 6,478 7,297 7,613 7,589 7,344 7,164 7,184 7,354 7,485 7,613 Michigan .......................... 2,183 3,697 5,255 5,416 5,929 6,257 6,565 6,749 6,787 7,007 7,040 7,035 7,185 7,166 Minnesota ........................ 2,236 3,696 4,750 4,768 5,595 5,850 6,062 6,048 6,044 6,046 6,021 6,044 6,163 6,162 Mississippi ....................... 1,083 2,048 3,311 2,863 3,353 3,398 3,647 3,764 3,676 3,628 3,667 3,868 4,191 4,250 Missouri ........................... 1,809 2,898 3,853 3,874 4,528 5,049 5,434 5,484 5,484 5,399 5,296 5,403 5,530 5,626 Montana ........................... 2,160 3,198 4,929 4,786 5,808 5,663 5,472 5,763 6,004 5,946 5,881 5,915 5,847 5,847 Nebraska ......................... 1,772 3,012 4,279 4,253 5,159 5,259 5,559 5,891 5,812 5,884 5,785 5,971 6,096 6,083 Nevada ............................ 2,263 3,147 4,156 3,706 4,884 4,832 4,934 5,010 5,369 5,506 5,491 5,338 5,301 5,320 New Hampshire ............... 1,826 2,957 3,813 4,040 5,028 5,945 6,128 6,454 6,559 6,473 6,119 6,048 6,018 5,958 New Jersey ...................... 2,038 4,156 6,351 5,804 7,908 8,755 9,624 9,904 10,102 10,416 10,206 10,225 10,040 9,955 New Mexico ..................... 1,907 2,892 4,047 4,155 4,537 4,923 4,427 4,277 4,493 4,209 4,413 4,502 4,702 4,587 New York ......................... 2,953 5,426 6,890 6,673 8,534 9,538 9,770 9,809 9,881 9,533 9,650 9,694 9,885 9,549 North Carolina ................. 1,247 2,504 3,491 3,569 4,186 4,492 4,939 5,220 5,247 5,091 5,163 5,172 5,215 5,090 North Dakota ................... 1,928 2,820 3,822 4,057 4,945 4,694 5,038 5,097 4,844 4,964 4,984 4,938 4,925 4,979 Ohio ................................. 1,919 2,986 4,129 4,108 5,007 5,332 5,974 6,138 6,051 6,366 6,238 6,309 6,329 6,266 Oklahoma ........................ 1,637 2,472 3,834 3,921 4,467 4,125 4,308 4,268 4,434 4,557 4,721 5,002 4,977 4,881 Oregon ............................. 2,357 3,782 5,357 5,529 5,879 6,387 6,606 6,661 6,556 6,610 6,825 6,618 6,611 6,615 Pennsylvania ................... 2,153 3,606 5,044 5,036 6,141 6,654 7,136 7,578 7,547 7,393 7,469 7,379 7,303 7,492 Rhode Island ................... 2,174 3,645 5,176 5,220 6,627 7,108 7,731 7,748 7,318 7,318 7,521 7,749 7,925 7,936 South Carolina ................. 1,157 2,505 3,487 3,093 4,342 4,545 4,763 4,967 5,021 4,959 5,012 5,031 4,928 5,096 South Dakota ................... 1,824 2,822 3,797 3,551 4,332 4,333 4,570 4,540 4,574 4,665 4,723 4,845 4,905 4,780 Tennessee ....................... 1,252 2,315 3,255 3,199 3,708 4,092 4,450 4,458 4,363 4,127 4,329 4,384 4,507 4,548 Texas ............................... 1,747 2,553 3,812 3,578 4,683 4,812 4,942 5,050 5,121 5,178 5,063 5,175 5,364 5,473 Utah ................................. 1,695 2,561 3,297 3,244 3,394 3,273 3,299 3,363 3,414 3,399 3,447 3,633 3,755 3,867 Vermont ........................... 1,808 3,301 3,974 4,414 5,723 6,945 6,987 7,576 7,774 7,457 6,949 6,974 6,933 6,837 Virginia ............................. 1,442 2,895 3,920 3,886 4,998 5,533 5,787 5,684 5,655 5,453 5,398 5,398 5,472 5,433 Washington ...................... 2,211 3,744 5,111 4,534 5,510 5,553 5,557 5,722 5,768 5,892 6,085 6,076 6,066 6,044 West Virginia ................... 1,359 2,740 3,822 3,827 5,010 5,145 4,950 5,306 5,666 5,676 5,991 6,037 6,274 6,325 Wisconsin ........................ 2,172 3,610 4,929 4,884 5,917 6,332 6,713 6,721 6,774 6,863 7,020 7,098 7,119 7,094 Wyoming .......................... 2,368 3,501 5,028 5,292 7,261 6,737 6,853 6,786 6,505 6,497 6,312 6,233 6,328 6,243 Outlying areas American Samoa .............         1,969 2,545 2,535 2,321 2,345 2,331 1,811 1,886 2,102 2,159 Guam ............................... 1,243 3,353     4,803 4,395 5,185 5,152 5,302 5,847 5,755 5,358 5,218 4,947 Northern Marianas ...........         3,623 4,489 3,077 3,659 5,105 5,865 5,733 4,766 6,289 5,863 Puerto Rico ...................... 558       1,881 2,007 2,157 2,129 2,207 2,416 2,562 2,443 2,817 3,039 Virgin Islands ................... 1,423       4,577 5,383 6,733 8,234 6,925 6,635 6,334 6,250 6,166 6,155 1 Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school year basis. These data do not reflect differences in inflation rates from state to state. 2 Estimated by the National Center for Education Statistics.   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   Beginning in 1980   81, state administration expenditures are excluded. Beginning in 1988   89, extensive changes were made in the data collection procedures. There are discrepancies in average daily attendance reporting practices from state to state. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; and Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 184 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 168.   Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969   70 to 1995   96 State or other area Unadjusted dollars 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 United States .............. $ 751 $ 2,088 $ 2,307 $ 3,479 $ 3,682 $ 3,927 $ 4,307 $ 4,643 $ 4,902 $ 5,023 $ 5,160 $ 5,327 $ 5,529 $ 5,689 Alabama .......................... 512 1,520 1,836 2,411 2,420 2,569 3,019 3,144 3,429 3,415 3,568 3,826 4,109 4,343 Alaska .............................. 1,059 4,267 5,506 7,622 7,131 7,079 6,940 7,577 7,502 7,852 7,901 7,960 8,033 8,189 Arizona ............................ 674 1,865 2,093 3,009 3,436 3,498 3,728 3,717 3,860 3,957 4,088 4,104 4,264 4,476 Arkansas .......................... 511 1,472 1,585 2,506 2,558 2,771 3,023 3,229 3,461 3,777 3,859 4,013 4,186 4,401 California ......................... 833 2,227 2,438 3,534 3,772 3,877 4,205 4,502 4,595 4,640 4,609 4,719 4,799 4,937 Colorado .......................... 686 2,258 2,509 3,666 3,814 3,878 4,151 4,357 4,603 4,644 4,766 4,727 5,047 5,121 Connecticut ...................... 911 2,167 2,711 4,641 5,150 5,905 6,479 7,463 7,547 7,620 7,655 7,947 8,380 8,430 Delaware ......................... 833 2,587 2,721 4,215 4,429 4,606 4,958 5,326 5,458 5,599 5,753 6,101 6,502 6,696 District of Columbia ......... 947 2,811 2,950 4,672 5,153 5,662 6,888 7,872 8,029 8,403 8,286 8,843 8,290 8,510 Florida .............................. 683 1,834 2,209 3,260 3,515 3,778 4,210 4,597 4,859 4,821 4,876 5,063 5,220 5,275 Georgia ............................ 539 1,491 1,580 2,760 2,969 3,195 3,616 4,000 4,171 4,124 4,368 4,569 4,828 5,056 Hawaii .............................. 792 2,086 2,393 3,505 3,503 3,661 3,841 4,130 4,820 5,062 5,332 5,533 5,597 5,560 Idaho ................................ 573 1,548 1,736 2,358 2,462 2,505 2,656 2,921 3,206 3,370 3,471 3,628 3,957 4,194 Illinois ............................... 816 2,241 2,406 3,321 3,541 3,822 4,265 4,521 4,904 5,002 5,307 5,323 5,553 5,519 Indiana ............................. 661 1,708 1,798 2,951 3,213 3,454 3,933 4,270 4,588 4,749 4,995 5,245 5,411 5,621 Iowa ................................. 798 2,164 2,505 3,388 3,550 3,867 4,027 4,190 4,418 4,795 4,970 5,070 5,240 5,481 Kansas ............................. 699 1,963 2,307 3,469 3,573 3,724 4,014 4,290 4,434 4,554 4,926 5,081 5,222 5,374 Kentucky .......................... 502 1,557 1,637 2,229 2,463 2,710 3,009 3,384 3,897 4,194 4,310 4,505 4,545 4,807 Louisiana ......................... 589 1,629 2,273 2,960 2,843 2,886 3,138 3,625 3,853 4,014 4,010 4,133 4,356 4,447 Maine ............................... 649 1,692 1,804 3,341 3,591 3,965 4,330 4,903 4,978 5,182 5,624 5,569 6,029 6,151 Maryland .......................... 809 2,293 2,581 3,923 4,211 4,575 5,088 5,573 5,930 5,926 6,060 6,191 6,427 6,593 Massachusetts ................. 791 2,548 2,735 4,031 4,490 4,965 5,485 5,766 5,881 5,952 6,141 6,423 6,783 7,033 Michigan .......................... 841 2,495 2,892 3,859 4,024 4,350 4,734 5,090 5,394 5,746 5,945 6,138 6,465 6,785 Minnesota ........................ 855 2,296 2,519 3,741 3,963 4,132 4,515 4,698 4,946 5,089 5,210 5,342 5,626 5,801 Mississippi ....................... 457 1,568 1,503 2,246 2,231 2,416 2,714 2,934 3,007 3,047 3,159 3,410 3,798 3,951 Missouri ........................... 596 1,724 1,945 2,864 3,142 3,425 3,839 4,071 4,271 4,284 4,318 4,596 4,866 5,092 Montana ........................... 728 2,264 2,449 3,691 3,808 3,878 3,893 4,240 4,706 4,825 4,907 5,043 5,137 5,249 Nebraska ......................... 700 2,025 2,243 3,431 3,549 3,712 4,101 4,553 4,735 4,941 5,064 5,310 5,555 5,688 Nevada ............................ 706 1,908 1,925 3,196 3,182 3,298 3,562 3,816 4,294 4,546 4,645 4,664 4,730 4,892 New Hampshire ............... 666 1,732 2,036 3,247 3,603 4,080 4,328 4,786 5,152 5,237 5,368 5,433 5,567 5,740 New Jersey ...................... 924 2,825 2,928 5,139 5,508 6,059 6,762 7,546 8,166 8,705 8,770 9,075 9,178 9,361 New Mexico ..................... 665 1,870 2,066 2,911 3,071 3,190 3,336 3,446 3,757 3,927 3,929 4,106 4,404 4,604 New York ......................... 1,194 2,950 3,225 5,221 5,647 6,196 6,655 7,051 7,510 7,482 7,770 8,069 8,311 8,361 North Carolina ................. 570 1,635 1,870 2,754 2,942 3,153 3,594 4,018 4,237 4,246 4,426 4,540 4,703 4,719 North Dakota ................... 662 1,941 2,175 3,200 3,159 3,239 3,635 3,899 3,909 4,150 4,305 4,385 4,482 4,677 Ohio ................................. 677 1,894 2,120 3,265 3,409 3,595 4,208 4,531 4,747 5,115 5,110 5,319 5,529 5,669 Oklahoma ........................ 554 1,810 2,065 2,939 2,878 2,897 3,159 3,293 3,639 3,857 4,090 4,437 4,533 4,549 Oregon ............................. 843 2,412 2,782 3,715 3,888 4,266 4,598 4,864 5,195 5,268 5,585 5,522 5,649 5,790 Pennsylvania ................... 815 2,328 2,595 4,010 4,287 4,603 5,169 5,737 6,048 6,127 6,372 6,443 6,565 6,922 Rhode Island ................... 807 2,340 2,654 4,255 4,516 4,924 5,598 5,908 5,934 6,092 6,501 6,797 7,126 7,304 South Carolina ................. 567 1,597 1,625 2,816 2,966 3,143 3,441 3,769 4,009 4,088 4,200 4,336 4,501 4,779 South Dakota ................... 656 1,781 1,885 2,903 2,935 3,071 3,373 3,511 3,726 3,938 4,109 4,095 4,271 4,220 Tennessee ....................... 531 1,523 1,675 2,447 2,649 2,855 3,248 3,405 3,521 3,430 3,671 3,815 4,017 4,172 Texas ............................... 551 1,740 1,831 3,079 3,163 3,334 3,582 3,835 4,048 4,246 4,270 4,488 4,779 5,016 Utah ................................. 595 1,556 1,710 2,248 2,242 2,302 2,421 2,577 2,767 2,841 2,967 3,206 3,409 3,604 Vermont ........................... 790 1,930 2,347 3,840 4,107 4,927 5,196 5,770 6,255 6,243 6,252 6,266 6,367 6,488 Virginia ............................. 654 1,824 2,024 3,289 3,533 3,873 4,225 4,690 4,965 4,914 5,067 5,205 5,421 5,528 Washington ...................... 853 2,387 2,365 3,605 3,689 3,875 4,059 4,382 4,652 4,899 5,220 5,342 5,477 5,611 West Virginia ................... 621 1,749 1,968 3,255 3,493 3,579 3,580 4,020 4,571 4,696 5,108 5,292 5,663 5,881 Wisconsin ........................ 793 2,225 2,452 3,767 4,020 4,296 4,760 5,020 5,382 5,643 5,974 6,126 6,301 6,517 Wyoming .......................... 805 2,369 2,758 4,754 4,852 4,742 5,030 5,239 5,310 5,348 5,462 5,534 5,753 5,826 Outlying areas American Samoa .............         1,764 1,795 1,897 1,781 2,002 2,018 1,689 1,737 1,983 2,084 Guam ............................... 766     3,016 3,049 2,944 3,624 3,817 4,411 4,676 5,369 5,200 5,016 4,803 Northern Marianas ...........           3,384 2,651 3,356 4,159 4,580 4,796 4,009 5,340 4,999 Puerto Rico ......................     1,000 1,227 1,283 1,390 1,557 1,605 1,773 1,879 2,034 2,155 2,417 2,657 Trust Territories ...............                             Virgin Islands ...................       3,016 3,994 3,714 4,757 6,043 5,515 5,444 5,265 5,299 5,280 5,378 185 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: FINANCES Table 168.   Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969   70 to 1995   96   Continued State or other area Constant 1995   96 dollars 1 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 United States .............. $ 3,072 $ 4,156 $ 4,115 $ 4,940 $ 5,114 $ 5,237 $ 5,491 $ 5,649 $ 5,655 $ 5,615 $ 5,593 $ 5,629 $ 5,679 $ 5,689 Alabama .......................... 2,093 3,026 3,275 3,423 3,362 3,426 3,849 3,825 3,956 3,817 3,868 4,043 4,221 4,343 Alaska .............................. 4,332 8,492 9,821 10,822 9,904 9,442 8,848 9,220 8,655 8,778 8,565 8,411 8,252 8,189 Arizona ............................ 2,758 3,712 3,733 4,273 4,773 4,665 4,752 4,523 4,453 4,423 4,432 4,336 4,380 4,476 Arkansas .......................... 2,090 2,929 2,826 3,557 3,553 3,696 3,854 3,929 3,993 4,222 4,183 4,240 4,300 4,401 California ......................... 3,408 4,431 4,348 5,018 5,239 5,171 5,360 5,479 5,301 5,187 4,996 4,987 4,929 4,937 Colorado .......................... 2,806 4,494 4,475 5,205 5,298 5,172 5,291 5,301 5,310 5,192 5,167 4,995 5,185 5,121 Connecticut ...................... 3,725 4,313 4,836 6,589 7,154 7,876 8,260 9,081 8,707 8,518 8,299 8,397 8,608 8,430 Delaware ......................... 3,409 5,148 4,852 5,984 6,151 6,143 6,321 6,481 6,297 6,259 6,236 6,446 6,679 6,696 District of Columbia ......... 3,873 5,595 5,262 6,634 7,157 7,551 8,781 9,578 9,263 9,393 8,983 9,344 8,516 8,510 Florida .............................. 2,792 3,650 3,941 4,628 4,883 5,038 5,367 5,594 5,606 5,389 5,286 5,350 5,362 5,275 Georgia ............................ 2,204 2,967 2,818 3,919 4,123 4,261 4,609 4,867 4,813 4,610 4,735 4,828 4,960 5,056 Hawaii .............................. 3,239 4,152 4,268 4,977 4,866 4,882 4,897 5,025 5,560 5,659 5,780 5,846 5,749 5,560 Idaho ................................ 2,344 3,081 3,097 3,348 3,419 3,342 3,386 3,554 3,699 3,767 3,763 3,834 4,064 4,194 Illinois ............................... 3,336 4,460 4,292 4,716 4,919 5,097 5,437 5,501 5,658 5,592 5,753 5,625 5,704 5,519 Indiana ............................. 2,704 3,399 3,207 4,190 4,463 4,607 5,014 5,196 5,293 5,309 5,414 5,542 5,559 5,621 Iowa ................................. 3,264 4,307 4,468 4,810 4,931 5,157 5,134 5,098 5,097 5,360 5,387 5,357 5,383 5,481 Kansas ............................. 2,858 3,906 4,116 4,926 4,963 4,966 5,117 5,220 5,116 5,091 5,339 5,369 5,364 5,374 Kentucky .......................... 2,053 3,099 2,920 3,164 3,421 3,615 3,836 4,117 4,497 4,689 4,672 4,760 4,669 4,807 Louisiana ......................... 2,411 3,242 4,055 4,203 3,948 3,850 4,000 4,411 4,445 4,488 4,347 4,368 4,475 4,447 Maine ............................... 2,655 3,367 3,217 4,744 4,988 5,288 5,520 5,966 5,743 5,793 6,097 5,884 6,193 6,151 Maryland .......................... 3,310 4,563 4,603 5,569 5,849 6,101 6,486 6,781 6,841 6,624 6,569 6,541 6,602 6,593 Massachusetts ................. 3,234 5,070 4,878 5,723 6,236 6,622 6,993 7,016 6,785 6,653 6,657 6,786 6,968 7,033 Michigan .......................... 3,442 4,966 5,157 5,479 5,590 5,802 6,035 6,193 6,223 6,423 6,444 6,486 6,641 6,785 Minnesota ........................ 3,496 4,570 4,493 5,311 5,505 5,511 5,756 5,716 5,706 5,689 5,648 5,644 5,779 5,801 Mississippi ....................... 1,868 3,121 2,680 3,189 3,099 3,223 3,459 3,569 3,469 3,407 3,425 3,604 3,901 3,951 Missouri ........................... 2,438 3,431 3,470 4,067 4,365 4,568 4,894 4,953 4,928 4,789 4,680 4,856 4,999 5,092 Montana ........................... 2,976 4,505 4,368 5,240 5,289 5,172 4,963 5,159 5,430 5,394 5,319 5,328 5,277 5,249 Nebraska ......................... 2,862 4,029 4,001 4,871 4,930 4,951 5,228 5,540 5,462 5,524 5,489 5,611 5,706 5,688 Nevada ............................ 2,886 3,798 3,433 4,537 4,419 4,399 4,541 4,643 4,954 5,081 5,035 4,928 4,859 4,892 New Hampshire ............... 2,724 3,447 3,632 4,609 5,004 5,442 5,518 5,823 5,943 5,854 5,819 5,741 5,719 5,740 New Jersey ...................... 3,778 5,623 5,223 7,296 7,650 8,080 8,621 9,182 9,421 9,731 9,507 9,589 9,428 9,361 New Mexico ..................... 2,720 3,722 3,684 4,134 4,265 4,255 4,253 4,193 4,334 4,390 4,259 4,339 4,523 4,604 New York ......................... 4,885 5,872 5,751 7,413 7,843 8,264 8,484 8,579 8,665 8,364 8,423 8,526 8,537 8,361 North Carolina ................. 2,333 3,255 3,336 3,911 4,087 4,205 4,582 4,889 4,889 4,746 4,798 4,798 4,831 4,719 North Dakota ................... 2,709 3,864 3,879 4,544 4,387 4,320 4,633 4,744 4,510 4,640 4,666 4,633 4,604 4,677 Ohio ................................. 2,767 3,770 3,781 4,635 4,735 4,794 5,365 5,513 5,477 5,718 5,539 5,620 5,679 5,669 Oklahoma ........................ 2,265 3,601 3,684 4,173 3,998 3,863 4,028 4,007 4,199 4,312 4,434 4,688 4,656 4,549 Oregon ............................. 3,449 4,801 4,962 5,274 5,401 5,689 5,862 5,919 5,993 5,889 6,054 5,835 5,803 5,790 Pennsylvania ................... 3,334 4,634 4,629 5,694 5,954 6,139 6,590 6,981 6,978 6,849 6,907 6,808 6,744 6,922 Rhode Island ................... 3,300 4,658 4,734 6,041 6,273 6,568 7,137 7,189 6,846 6,810 7,047 7,182 7,320 7,304 South Carolina ................. 2,320 3,179 2,898 3,999 4,120 4,191 4,386 4,587 4,626 4,570 4,553 4,581 4,624 4,779 South Dakota ................... 2,684 3,544 3,362 4,122 4,077 4,096 4,299 4,272 4,299 4,402 4,455 4,327 4,387 4,220 Tennessee ....................... 2,171 3,031 2,988 3,474 3,679 3,808 4,140 4,143 4,062 3,835 3,979 4,031 4,126 4,172 Texas ............................... 2,254 3,462 3,266 4,372 4,394 4,447 4,566 4,666 4,671 4,746 4,628 4,742 4,909 5,016 Utah ................................. 2,434 3,097 3,050 3,191 3,114 3,070 3,086 3,136 3,192 3,176 3,216 3,388 3,501 3,604 Vermont ........................... 3,229 3,841 4,186 5,451 5,704 6,571 6,624 7,021 7,217 6,979 6,778 6,621 6,540 6,488 Virginia ............................. 2,677 3,630 3,611 4,669 4,907 5,166 5,387 5,706 5,728 5,493 5,492 5,500 5,568 5,528 Washington ...................... 3,489 4,750 4,217 5,118 5,123 5,168 5,174 5,332 5,367 5,477 5,659 5,644 5,626 5,611 West Virginia ................... 2,541 3,480 3,511 4,621 4,852 4,773 4,564 4,891 5,274 5,250 5,538 5,592 5,818 5,881 Wisconsin ........................ 3,244 4,428 4,374 5,348 5,584 5,730 6,068 6,108 6,209 6,308 6,476 6,473 6,472 6,517 Wyoming .......................... 3,292 4,715 4,920 6,750 6,739 6,325 6,413 6,375 6,126 5,978 5,921 5,847 5,910 5,826 Outlying areas American Samoa .............         2,450 2,394 2,418 2,168 2,309 2,256 1,831 1,836 2,037 2,084 Guam ............................... 3,135     4,282 4,235 3,927 4,620 4,645 5,089 5,227 5,820 5,495 5,152 4,803 Northern Marianas ...........           4,514 3,380 4,084 4,798 5,120 5,199 4,236 5,485 4,999 Puerto Rico ......................     1,784 1,742 1,783 1,854 1,985 1,953 2,045 2,101 2,204 2,277 2,483 2,657 Trust Territories ...............                             Virgin Islands ...................       4,282 5,547 4,954 6,064 7,353 6,363 6,086 5,708 5,599 5,423 5,378 1 Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school year basis. These data do not reflect differences in inflation rates from state to state.   Data not available or not applicable.