[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 241 (Monday, December 18, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 87423-87426]
[FR Doc No: 2023-27641]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[EPA-HQ-OPPT-2023-0601; FRL-11581-01-OCSPP]

Initiation of Prioritization Under the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA); Request for Comment

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing the
initiation of and soliciting public comment on the prioritization
process for five chemical substances as candidates for designation as
High-Priority Substances for risk evaluation under the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA) and related implementing regulations. This document
provides the identity of the chemical substances being initiated for
prioritization, a general explanation of why the Agency chose these
chemical substances, and information on the data sources that EPA plans
to use to support the designation. EPA is providing a 90-day comment
period, during which interested persons may submit relevant information
on these chemical substances.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before March 18, 2024.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments through https://www.regulations.gov.
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Submit comments
on the chemicals identified in Unit III.B. to the applicable chemical-
specific docket ID number provided in Unit III.B. Submit comments on
the chemicals identified in Unit IV.B. and comments not related to a
specific chemical, including general comments on Unit IV.A., to Docket
ID No. EPA-HQ-OPPT-2023-0601. Do not submit electronically any
information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI)
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along
with more information about dockets generally, is available at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
    For technical information contact: Sarah Au, Data Gathering and
Analysis Division (7406M), Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics,
Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington,
DC 20460-0001; telephone number:<PHONE_NUMBER>; email address:
[email protected].
    For general information contact: The TSCA-Hotline, ABVI-Goodwill,
422 South Clinton Ave., Rochester, NY 14620; telephone number: (202)
554-1404; email address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Executive Summary

A. Does this action apply to me?

    This action is directed to the public in general and may be of
interest to entities that currently or may manufacture (including
import) a chemical substance regulated under TSCA (e.g., entities
identified under North American Industrial Classification System
(NAICS) codes 325 and 324110). The action may also be of interest to
chemical processors, distributors in commerce, users, non-profit
organizations in the environmental and public health sectors, state and
local government agencies, and members of the public. Since other
entities may also be interested, the Agency has not attempted to
describe all the specific entities and corresponding NAICS codes for
entities that may be interested in or affected by this action.

B. What action is the Agency taking?

    EPA is initiating the prioritization process under the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq., for five
chemical substances as candidates for designation as High-Priority
Substances for risk evaluation. This document includes the identity of
the chemical substances entering the prioritization process before
designation, and a general explanation of why the Agency choose to
initiate prioritization on these chemical substances. In addition, EPA
is providing a 90-day comment period during which interested persons
may submit relevant information on these chemical substances. Relevant
information might include, but is not limited to, any information that
may inform the prioritization screening review conducted pursuant to 40
CFR 702.9(a).

C. Why is the Agency taking this action?

    TSCA section 6(b) requires that EPA initiate the prioritization
process for chemical substances that may be designated as high priority
and low priority for risk evaluation. In December 2019, EPA designated
20 High-Priority Substances pursuant to TSCA section 6(b)(2)(B), which
are currently undergoing risk evaluation. Because EPA generally expects
to complete five risk evaluations per year over the next several years,
EPA is initiating the prioritization process for five chemical
substances per TSCA section 6(b)(3)(C), which requires EPA to designate
at least one High-Priority Substance upon completion of each risk
evaluation for a High-Priority Substance. By initiating this group of
High-Priority Substance candidates, EPA intends to begin building a
sustainable pipeline of existing chemical risk evaluations under TSCA
section 6(b). The request for interested persons to submit relevant
information on a chemical substance for which EPA has initiated the
prioritization process is required by TSCA section 6(b)(1)(C)(i).

D. What is the Agency's authority for taking this action?

    This document is issued pursuant to the authority in TSCA section
6(b)(1) and (3)(C).

E. What are the estimated incremental impacts of this action?

    This document identifies the five chemical substances for which EPA
is initiating the prioritization process, provides a general
explanation of why

the Agency chose to initiate prioritization on these chemical
substances, and provides a 90-day comment period for interested persons
to submit relevant information. This document does not establish any
requirements on persons or entities outside of the Agency. No
incremental impacts are therefore anticipated, and consequently EPA did
not estimate potential incremental impacts for this action.

F. What should I consider as I prepare my comments for EPA?

1. Submitting CBI
    Do not submit CBI to EPA through https://www.regulations.gov or
email. If you wish to include CBI in your comment, please follow the
applicable instructions at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets#rules and clearly mark the part or all of the information that
you claim to be CBI. In addition to one complete version of the comment
that includes information claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment that
does not contain the information claimed as CBI must be submitted for
inclusion in the public docket. Information so marked will not be
disclosed except in accordance with procedures set forth in 40 CFR part
2 and/or 40 CFR part 703, as applicable.
2. Tips for Preparing Your Comments
    When preparing and submitting your comments, see the commenting
tips at https://www.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.html.

II. Background

    TSCA section 6(b)(1) requires EPA to prioritize chemical substances
for risk evaluation and to establish a process for prioritizing
chemical substances. Under TSCA section 6(b) and as described in 40 CFR
702.7, EPA is initiating the prioritization process for five chemical
substances as candidates for High-Priority Substances for risk
evaluation.
    Under TSCA section 6(b)(1)(B) and its implementing regulations (40
CFR 702.3), a High-Priority Substance is defined as a chemical
substance that EPA determines, without consideration of costs or other
non-risk factors, that may present an unreasonable risk of injury to
health or the environment because of a potential hazard and a potential
route of exposure under the conditions of use, including an
unreasonable risk to potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulations
identified as relevant by EPA.
    Initiation of prioritization for chemical substances as High-
Priority Substance candidates is not a finding of risk. Rather, when
prioritization is complete, for those chemicals designated as high
priority, the Agency will have evidence that this substance may present
an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment because of
a potential hazard and a potential route of exposure under the
conditions of use. Final designation of a High-Priority Substance
initiates the risk evaluation process (40 CFR 702.17), which culminates
in a finding of whether or not the chemical substance presents an
unreasonable risk under the conditions of use.
    This document is intended to fulfill the TSCA section 6(b)(1)(C)(i)
requirement that the Administrator request interested persons to submit
relevant information on chemical substances for which the Administrator
has initiated the prioritization process. As described in 40 CFR 702.7,
this document initiates the prioritization process and provides 90 days
during which interested persons may submit relevant information.
    As described in 40 CFR 702.9(b) Information sources, in conducting
the screening review during the prioritization process, EPA will
consider sources of information relevant to the screening review
criteria as outlined in the statute (TSCA section 6(b)(1)(A)) and
implementing regulations (40 CFR 702.9(a)) and consistent with the
scientific standards of TSCA section 26(h), including, as appropriate,
sources for hazard and exposure data listed in Appendices A and B of
the TSCA Work Plan Chemicals: Methods Document (February 2012).
    Consistent with the approach in our A Working Approach for
Identifying Potential Candidate Chemicals for Prioritization (September
27, 2018) and prioritization process (40 CFR 702.7), EPA consulted with
other federal agencies and intends to continue to collaborate with them
to identify information that is useful throughout the prioritization
process.

III. High Priority Candidate Chemical Substances for Which EPA Is
Initiating Prioritization

A. How did EPA select these candidates for prioritization for potential
designation as High-Priority Substances for risk evaluation?

    In general, EPA's working approach to select candidates for
designation as High-Priority Substances for risk evaluation is outlined
in the document, A Working Approach for Identifying Potential Candidate
Chemicals for Prioritization, released to the public on September 27,
2018, available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2018-09/documents/preprioritization_white_paper_9272018.pdf. To identify
candidates for designation as High-Priority Substances, the Agency
primarily looked to the TSCA Work Plan for Chemical Assessments: 2014
Update (2014 TSCA Work Plan), available at https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-01/documents/tsca_work_plan_chemicals_2014_update-final.pdf. TSCA requires the Agency to preferentially consider
chemicals on the 2014 TSCA Work Plan, as these chemicals were selected
due to their potential risk to human health and the environment. EPA
also consulted with other EPA program offices and partner federal
agencies to inform the Agency's prioritization efforts. With these
considerations, the chemicals for which prioritization is initiated in
this notice were selected based on a variety of factors and reflect
Agency priorities. While data availability was a significant driver of
the Agency's selections, EPA also considered the complexity of
evaluating broad chemical categories such as metal compounds. In order
for EPA to build a sustainable TSCA prioritization, evaluation, and
(when appropriate) risk management pipeline, chemicals ultimately
designated as High-Priority Substances for risk evaluation should have
a robust data landscape. In future rounds of prioritization, EPA
intends to use its data gathering authorities earlier and commits to
regular stakeholder engagement to ensure that the Agency has the
information it needs to meet its statutory mandates.
    Using data sources such as those described in the document, A
Working Approach for Identifying Potential Candidate Chemicals for
Prioritization, EPA considered various types of information and data
from existing databases (and dashboards) such as EPA's National Center
for Computational Toxicology's Chemistry Dashboard (CompTox Chemicals
Dashboard), available at https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard. EPA also
conducted initial searches of additional sources of information within
the public and gray literature domains (e.g., searches in PubMed, Web
of Science, other US government and international websites).
    Existing information from public and non-public (i.e., confidential
business information) sources that are maintained by authoritative
sources, such as other EPA program offices, state and federal agencies
and various U.S. and international organizations are also considered
(e.g., including but not

limited to EPA's Office of Water, EPA's Office of Air and Radiation,
EPA's Office of Research and Development, California Environmental
Protection Agency (Cal EPA), National Toxicology Program (NTP),
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Agency
for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC), European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), Health
Canada and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD)).
    After identifying evidence of information from reasonably available
sources, the information was screened across several data elements
including physical and chemical properties, environmental fate and
transport properties, hazard, exposure, and use information to
determine the breadth of data availability for a chemical substance.
Using experience gained from TSCA implementation activities to date,
EPA considered previous and planned Agency activities related to a
given chemical substance, including how to better leverage experience
gained from previously conducted or ongoing risk evaluations. EPA also
considered whether analyses from existing risk assessments could be
used to better understand the chemical substance's potential exposure
and/or hazard characteristics.
    In the absence of measured data on chemicals being evaluated, EPA
may use alternative means or new approach methods (NAMs) to obtain
relevant data. These NAMs can reduce vertebrate testing, consistent
with TSCA section 4(h)(1)(A). EPA intends to use this approach to the
extent practicable and scientifically justified.
    To identify chemical substances, EPA considered information such as
the data submitted to EPA in 2020 under the Chemical Data Reporting
(CDR) rule under TSCA regarding reported uses and products as a
surrogate for complexity of information to inform prioritization and
risk evaluation. EPA considered the release and use information for
these chemicals and screened them according to the types of industrial
uses and types of products where the chemicals were used, as reported
in the 2020 CDR.
    EPA intends to update and refine its initial review based on data
sources identified by the public during the comment period (see EPA's
request for data in Unit IV.) and, where permitted by TSCA section 14
and subject to EPA confidentiality regulations at 40 CFR part 2,
subpart B and 40 CFR part 703, intends to make this information
publicly available for the initiated chemicals when we publish the
proposed priority designation.

B. What chemicals are being initiated?

    EPA is initiating the prioritization process for the following five
chemicals as candidates for designation as High-Priority Substances:
1. Acetaldehyde, CAS RN 75-07-0, Docket ID No.: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0497
    This chemical was listed in the 2014 TSCA Work Plan with a hazard
score of 3; an exposure score of 3; and a persistence and
bioaccumulation score of 1. Data regarding the use of this chemical was
reported to EPA in the 2020 CDR. EPA also receives information annually
on this chemical through the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI).
Information is available from assessments conducted by the state of
California, international organizations, and other countries.
2. Acrylonitrile, CAS RN 107-13-1, Docket ID No.: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0449
    This chemical was listed in the 2014 TSCA Work Plan with a hazard
score of 3; an exposure score of 3; and a persistence and
bioaccumulation score of 1. Data regarding the use of this chemical was
reported to EPA in the 2020 CDR. EPA also receives information annually
on this chemical through the TRI. Information is available from
assessments conducted by other federal agencies, the state of
California, international organizations, and other countries.
3. Benzenamine, CAS RN 62-53-3, Docket ID No.: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0474
    This chemical was listed in the 2014 TSCA Work Plan with a hazard
score of 3; an exposure score of 3; and a persistence and
bioaccumulation score of 1. Data regarding the use of this chemical was
reported to EPA in the 2020 CDR. EPA also receives information annually
on this chemical through the TRI. Information is available from
assessments conducted by the Center for Disease Control (CDC), the
state of California, international organizations, and other countries.
4. Vinyl Chloride, CAS RN 75-01-4, Docket ID No.: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2018-0448
    This chemical was listed in the 2014 TSCA Work Plan with a hazard
score of 3; an exposure score of 3; and a persistence and
bioaccumulation score of 2. Data regarding the use of this chemical was
reported to EPA in the 2020 CDR. EPA also receives information annually
on this chemical through the TRI. Information is available from
assessments conducted by other federal agencies, the state of
California, international organizations, and other countries.
5. 4,4'-Methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA), CAS RN 101-14-4, Docket
ID No.: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2023-0464
    This chemical was listed in the 2014 TSCA Work Plan with a hazard
score of 3; an exposure score of 2; and a persistence and
bioaccumulation score of 2. Data regarding the use of this chemical was
reported to EPA in the 2020 CDR. EPA also receives information annually
on this chemical through the TRI. Information is available from
assessments conducted by other federal agencies, the state of
California, international organizations, and other countries.

IV. Relevant Information

A. What additional information is relevant to the five candidate
chemical substances for which EPA is initiating prioritization?

    Through this initiation of prioritization for chemical substances,
EPA is providing a 90-day comment period as required by the statute
(TSCA section 6(b)(1)(C)(i)) and implementing regulations (40 CFR
702.7(d)), and requests that interested persons voluntarily submit
relevant information. Relevant information might include, but is not
limited to, information that may inform the screening review conducted
pursuant to 40 CFR 702.9(a), consistent with the scientific standard of
TSCA section 26(h), about the following criteria and considerations:
     The chemical substance's hazard and exposure potential;
     The chemical substance's persistence and bioaccumulation;
     Potentially exposed or susceptible subpopulations which
the submitter believes are relevant to the prioritization;
     Whether there is any storage of the chemical substance
near significant sources of drinking water, including the storage
facility location and the nearby drinking water source(s);
     The chemical substance's conditions of use or significant
changes in conditions of use, including information regarding trade
names;
     The chemical substance's production volume or significant
changes in production volume; and
     Any other information relevant to the potential risks of
the chemical substance that might be relevant to the

designation of the chemical substance's priority for risk evaluation.
If the information is publicly available, citations are sufficient
(including, but not limited to: title, author, date of publication,
publication source), and the submission does not need to include copies
of the information.
    If the information is publicly available, citations are sufficient
(including, but not limited to: Title, author, date of publication,
publication source), and the submission does not need to include copies
of the information.

B. What information is relevant to 10 additional chemical substances
that EPA considered for the current round of prioritization?

    During the pre-prioritization process, EPA met with federal
partners, industry, environmental organizations, labor organizations,
state and local governments, and tribes to discuss the prioritization
process and presented a list of 15 chemical substances that EPA was
considering for prioritization. EPA took feedback from these
discussions into consideration when selecting the five chemicals for
prioritization listed in Unit III.B. Interested persons may submit
relevant information on the following chemical substances that are not
currently undergoing prioritization by using Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OPPT-
2023-0606.
     4-tert-Octylphenol(4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenol),
CAS RN 140-66-9;
     Benzene, CAS RN 71-43-2;
     Bisphenol A, CAS RN 80-05-7;
     Ethylbenzene, CAS RN 100-41-4;
     Napthalene, CAS RN 91-20-3;
     Styrene, CAS RN 100-42-5;
     Tribromomethane, CAS RN 75-25-2;
     Triglycidyl isocyanurate, CAS RN 2451-62-9;
     Hydrogen fluoride, CAS RN 7664-39-3; and
     N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, CAS RN
793-24-8.

C. How will confidential business information be protected?

    A person seeking to protect from disclosure as ``confidential
business information'' any information that person submits under TSCA
must assert and substantiate a claim for protection from disclosure
concurrent with submission of the information in accordance with the
requirements of TSCA section 14 and 40 CFR 703, with limited exceptions
provided in the statute. TSCA section 14(b) limits confidentiality
protections for health and safety studies and information from such
studies, however, and while EPA considers confidential business
information when conducting its review under 40 CFR 702.9(a), the
Agency encourages submitters to minimize claims for protection from
disclosure wherever possible to maximize transparency in EPA's
screening review. More information on asserting and submitting
confidential business information claims under TSCA can be found at 40
CFR 703 and https://www.epa.gov/tsca-cbi.
    Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.

    Dated: December 12, 2023.
Michal Freedhoff,
Assistant Administrator, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution
Prevention.
[FR Doc. 2023-27641 Filed 12-15-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 22 (Monday, February 3, 2020)]
[Notices]
[Pages 5956-5957]
[FR Doc No: 2020-02010]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[Petition I-2019-3; FRL-10004-45-Region 1]

Clean Air Act Operating Permit Program; Petition for Objection to
State Operating Permit for Wheelabrator Environmental System Inc.,
Wheelabrator Concord Company, L.P., Concord, New Hampshire

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice of final order on petition to object to state operating
permits.

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SUMMARY: The EPA Administrator signed an Order, dated October 30, 2019,
denying a petition dated March 14, 2019, filed by Anthony Caplan,
Katherine Lajoie, Rebecca MacKenzie, and Janet Ward (the Petitioners).
The Petitioners requested that the EPA object to a proposed Clean Air
Act (CAA) title V operating permit (Permit No. TV-0032) issued by the
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services (NHDES) to
Wheelabrator Environmental System, Inc., Wheelabrator Concord Company,
L.P. (Wheelabrator), a large municipal waste incinerator located in
Concord, New Hampshire.

ADDRESSES: Copies of the Order, the petition, and all pertinent
information relating thereto are on file at the following location: EPA
Region 1; Air and Radiation Division; 5 Post Office Square--Suite 100,
(Mail code 05-2), Boston, MA 02109-3912. The Order is also available
electronically at the following address: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-11/documents/wheelabrator_rensponse2019.pdf.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jessica Kilpatrick, Air Permits,
Toxics, and Indoor Programs Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, EPA Region 1, 5 Post Office Square--Suite 100, (Mail code 05-
2), Boston, MA 02109-3912, tel.<PHONE_NUMBER>, email
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The CAA affords the EPA a 45-day period to
review and, as appropriate, the authority to object to operating
permits proposed by state permitting authorities under title V of the
CAA, 42 U.S.C. 7661-7661f. Section 505(b)(2) of the CAA and 40 CFR
70.8(d) authorizes any person to petition the EPA Administrator to
object to a title V operating permit within 60 days after the
expiration of the EPA's 45-day review period if the EPA has not
objected on its own initiative. Petitions must be based only on
objections to the permit that were raised with reasonable specificity
during the public comment period provided by the state, unless the
petitioner demonstrates that it was impracticable to raise these issues
during the comment period or the grounds for the issues arose after
this period.
    The Petitioners submitted a petition on March 14, 2019, requesting
that the EPA object to the proposed CAA title V operating permit issued
by NHDES to Wheelabrator (Permit No. TV-0032). The Petitioners alleged
that (1) the operation of the Wheelabrator incinerator violates New
Hampshire's Revised Statutes Annotated (RSA) 125-C, Title 10 Public
Health, Chapter 125-C Air Pollution Control, Section 125-C:1 and
releases persistent toxic substances, such as lead, mercury, cadmium,
and dioxin, that ``accumulate in our bodies (known as body burden) and
in our environment (known as toxic loading) and cause harm in low
doses;'' (2) that ``[s]napshot testing of smokestack emissions can
neither determine nor ensure continuous compliance with air standards
that are themselves not health based;'' and that NHDES ``has
discretionary authority to either deny or approve a Title V permit and
is not constrained by a requirement to only consider whether
Wheelabrator's stack test results comply with emission standards;'' (3)
Wheelabrator violated state and federal law by incinerating

used baghouse filters; and (4) the NHDES has mischaracterized its
authority under New Hampshire's RSA 125C:13 and CAA Sec.  129(e) and
that NHDES can deny, suspend, or revoke the permit, or order measures
beyond existing emission limitations to protect public health.
    On October 30, 2019, the Administrator issued an Order denying the
petition. The Order explains the EPA's basis for denying the petition.
    Pursuant to sections 307(b) and 505(b)(2) of the CAA, a petition
for judicial review of those parts of the Order that deny issues in the
petition may be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the
appropriate circuit by April 3, 2020, 60 days from the date this notice
is published in the Federal Register.

    Dated: January 21, 2020.
Dennis Deziel,
Regional Administrator, EPA Region 1.
[FR Doc. 2020-02010 Filed 1-31-20; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


1.55E-02
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

                                   1.14E-05
Vinyl Acetate

                                   6.08E-08
                                   1.40E-04
                                   1.96E-04
                                   3.20E-05
                                   1.27E-04
Vinyl Chloride

                                   9.29E-03
o-Xylene

                                   1.29E-02
Xylenes (Mixture of o, m, and p Isomers) [a]

                                   2.96E-07
                                   6.79E-04
                                   9.55E-04
                                   1.56E-04
                                   6.19E-04
Note:	[a]	These HAP names have been changed from that used in Table 8, above, to use the name used in the risk model databases (i.e., dioxin and furans, and mixed isomers of xylenes).
Finally, the PI emission information from Tables 7 through 11 are combined to create a summary of gap-filled emissions, as shown in Table 12.
               Table 12: Summary of Gap-Filled PI HAP Emissions
                                  HAP Emitted
                         HAP Emissions (tons per year)

                                 Minorca Mine
                               Hibbing Taconite
                                  North-shore
                                  Empire Mine
                                  Tilden Mine
                                United Taconite
                                    Keetac
                                    Minntac
                                  HAP Metals
Antimony
                                   1.97E-02
                                   2.19E-03
                                   5.14E-04
                                   1.64E-03
                                   2.29E-02
                                   4.25E-03
                                   6.50E-03
                                   1.75E-01
Arsenic
                                   1.80E-02
                                   3.93E-01
                                   2.93E-02
                                   1.11E-05
                                   1.25E-04
                                   5.66E-01
                                   2.16E-01
                                   2.42E-01
Arsenic Trioxide
                                   3.56E-05
                                   7.78E-04
                                   5.80E-05
                                   2.20E-08
                                   2.47E-07
                                   1.12E-03
                                   4.28E-04
                                   4.78E-04
Beryllium
                                   9.88E-04
                                   5.20E-03
                                   3.00E-03
                                   1.64E-03
                                   3.42E-03
                                   8.85E-04
                                   1.39E-03
                                   1.66E-02
Cadmium
                                   3.97E-03
                                   5.15E-03
                                   8.48E-03
                                   5.12E-03
                                   5.36E-02
                                   4.49E-03
                                   6.47E-03
                                   3.52E-02
Chromium (VI)
                                   4.71E-04
                                   6.74E-04
                                   9.90E-03
                                   5.31E-04
                                   4.24E-03
                                   4.40E-03
                                   3.88E-03
                                   4.87E-02
Chromium III
                                   1.13E-02
                                   1.62E-02
                                   2.38E-01
                                   2.66E-02
                                   2.11E-01
                                   4.64E-02
                                   8.04E-02
                                   8.32E-01
Cobalt
                                   9.89E-04
                                   2.40E-02
                                   7.82E-03
                                   4.75E-02
                                   1.10E-02
                                   3.98E-03
                                   6.84E-03
                                   1.85E-02
Lead
                                   1.41E-02
                                   8.00E-02
                                   2.28E-01
                                   1.50E-01
                                   2.97E-01
                                   7.28E-02
                                   1.37E-01
                                   6.87E-01
Manganese
                                   1.61E-01
                                   4.33E-01
                                   4.49E-01
                                   1.80E-01
                                   8.22E-01
                                   1.34E-01
                                   1.78E-01
                                   1.43E+00
Mercury
                                   3.15E-02
                                   7.37E-02
                                   2.85E-03
                                   2.04E-02
                                   4.40E-02
                                   8.92E-02
                                   5.16E-02
                                   8.23E-02
Elemental Gaseous Mercury
                                   2.93E-02
                                   6.85E-02
                                   2.65E-03
                                   1.90E-02
                                   4.09E-02
                                   8.32E-02
                                   4.81E-02
                                   7.67E-02
Gaseous Divalent Mercury
                                   2.21E-03
                                   5.16E-03
                                   1.99E-04
                                   1.43E-03
                                   3.08E-03
                                   5.97E-03
                                   3.45E-03
                                   5.51E-03
Nickel
                                   3.02E-02
                                   3.02E-02
                                   5.43E-02
                                   1.41E-01
                                   2.41E-01
                                   1.44E-01
                                   2.58E-02
                                   7.51E-01
Nickel Subsulfide
                                   1.81E-03
                                   1.81E-03
                                   3.26E-03
                                   8.48E-03
                                   1.45E-02
                                   8.67E-03
                                   1.55E-03
                                   4.51E-02
Selenium
                                   1.14E-02
                                   2.21E-02
                                   7.73E-02
                                   2.14E-02
                                   2.79E-01
                                   4.86E-02
                                   4.38E-03
                                   1.77E-01
                                  Acid Gases
Hydrochloric Acid
                                   2.63E+01
                                   6.56E+00
                                   1.75E+01
                                   7.46E+01
                                   2.60E+02
                                   2.47E+01
                                   3.89E-01
                                   1.16E+02
Hydrogen Fluoride
                                   3.75E+00
                                   8.91E+00
                                   5.30E+00
                                   8.50E+00
                                   3.56E+01
                                   2.70E+01
                                   4.54E-02
                                   8.94E+01
                       Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Naphthalene
                                   4.56E-04
                                   7.37E-04
                                   8.68E-04
                                   3.75E-04
                                   1.18E-03
                                   7.35E-04
                                   7.48E-04
                                   5.30E-02
2-Methylnaphthalene
                                   1.79E-05
                                   2.90E-05
                                   3.42E-05
                                   1.47E-05
                                   3.69E-05
                                   1.57E-05
                                   2.73E-05
                                   1.88E-04
Acenaphthene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   1.21E-05
                                   1.43E-05
                                   4.19E-06
                                   4.86E-04
Acenaphthylene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   7.36E-06
                                   7.63E-06
                                   3.10E-06
                                   2.59E-03
Fluorene
                                   2.09E-06
                                   3.39E-06
                                   3.98E-06
                                   1.73E-06
                                   2.10E-05
                                   2.53E-05
                                   7.01E-06
                                   1.78E-03
Phenanthrene
                                   1.27E-05
                                   2.06E-05
                                   2.42E-05
                                   1.05E-05
                                   7.58E-05
                                   8.08E-05
                                   3.07E-05
                                   3.73E-03
Anthracene
                                   1.79E-06
                                   2.90E-06
                                   3.42E-06
                                   1.48E-06
                                   7.55E-06
                                   6.99E-06
                                   3.61E-06
                                   2.75E-03
Fluoranthene
                                   2.24E-06
                                   3.63E-06
                                   4.27E-06
                                   1.85E-06
                                   1.77E-05
                                   2.03E-05
                                   6.40E-06
                                   1.48E-03
Pyrene
                                   3.74E-06
                                   6.05E-06
                                   7.12E-06
                                   3.08E-06
                                   1.38E-05
                                   1.18E-05
                                   7.07E-06
                                   3.40E-03
Benz[a]Anthracene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   4.24E-06
                                   3.24E-06
                                   2.38E-06
                                   6.79E-05
Chrysene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   4.61E-06
                                   3.76E-06
                                   2.47E-06
                                   4.36E-05
Benzo[b]Fluoranthene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   2.77E-06
                                   1.18E-06
                                   2.05E-06
                                   9.85E-05
Benzo[k]Fluoranthene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   2.77E-06
                                   1.18E-06
                                   2.05E-06
                                   4.00E-05
Benzo[e]Pyrene

                                   2.37E-06
Benzo[a]Pyrene
                                   8.96E-07
                                   1.45E-06
                                   1.71E-06
                                   7.38E-07
                                   2.55E-06
                                   1.77E-06
                                   1.52E-06
                                   2.38E-03
Perylene

                                   4.75E-07
Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]Pyrene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   3.89E-06
                                   2.75E-06
                                   2.30E-06
                                   8.76E-05
Dibenzo[a,h]Anthracene
                                   8.96E-07
                                   1.45E-06
                                   1.71E-06
                                   7.37E-07
                                   1.85E-06
                                   7.85E-07
                                   1.36E-06
                                   1.31E-05
Benzo[g,h,i,]Perylene
                                   8.96E-07
                                   1.45E-06
                                   1.71E-06
                                   7.38E-07
                                   2.34E-06
                                   1.48E-06
                                   1.48E-06
                                   9.01E-05
7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene
                                   1.20E-05
                                   1.93E-05
                                   2.28E-05
                                   9.83E-06
                                   2.46E-05
                                   1.05E-05
                                   1.82E-05
                                   6.38E-05
Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene

                                   1.48E-08
Benzofluoranthenes

                                   8.80E-10
                                   2.02E-06
                                   2.84E-06
                                   4.62E-07
                                   1.48E-04
Biphenyl

                                   1.36E-08
                                   3.12E-05
                                   4.39E-05
                                   7.15E-06
                                   2.85E-05
                              Dioxins and Furans
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

                                   1.14E-13
                                   2.63E-10
                                   3.69E-10
                                   6.01E-11
                                   2.39E-10
Total Pentachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

                                   3.58E-13
                                   8.21E-10
                                   1.15E-09
                                   1.88E-10
                                   7.48E-10
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

                                   2.30E-13
                                   5.27E-10
                                   7.41E-10
                                   1.21E-10
                                   4.80E-10
Total Heptachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

                                   6.67E-13
                                   1.53E-09
                                   2.15E-09
                                   3.51E-10
                                   1.40E-09
Octachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin

                                   3.33E-12
                                   7.64E-09
                                   1.07E-08
                                   1.75E-09
                                   7.00E-09
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran

                                   4.08E-13
                                   9.37E-10
                                   1.32E-09
                                   2.14E-10
                                   8.54E-10
Total Pentachlorodibenzofuran

                                   2.82E-12
                                   6.48E-09
                                   9.11E-09
                                   1.48E-09
                                   5.91E-09
Total Hexachlorodibenzofuran

                                   6.14E-13
                                   1.41E-09
                                   1.98E-09
                                   3.23E-10
                                   1.29E-09
Total Heptachlorodibenzofuran

                                   1.54E-12
                                   3.53E-09
                                   4.96E-09
                                   8.07E-10
                                   3.21E-09
Octachlorodibenzofuran

                                   5.30E-13
                                   1.22E-09
                                   1.71E-09
                                   2.79E-10
                                   1.11E-09
                         Other Combustion-Related HAP
Acetaldehyde

                                   4.56E-06
                                   1.05E-02
                                   1.47E-02
                                   2.40E-03
                                   4.38E-01
Acetophenone

                                   1.20E-07
                                   2.75E-04
                                   3.87E-04
                                   6.31E-05
                                   2.53E-04
Acrolein

                                   2.32E-06
                                   5.33E-03
                                   7.49E-03
                                   1.22E-03
                                   2.07E+00
Benzene [a]
                                   1.57E-03
                                   2.54E-03
                                   2.99E-03
                                   1.30E-03
                                   2.71E-02
                                   3.49E-02
                                   7.85E-03
                                   2.20E+00
Benzyl Chloride

                                   5.60E-06
                                   1.29E-02
                                   1.81E-02
                                   2.94E-03
                                   1.17E-02
Bis(2-Ethylhexyl)Phthalate

                                   5.84E-07
                                   1.34E-03
                                   1.88E-03
                                   3.07E-04
                                   1.25E-03
Bromoform

                                   3.12E-07
                                   7.16E-04
                                   1.01E-03
                                   1.64E-04
                                   6.53E-04
1,3-Butadiene

                                   2.24E-05
Carbazole

                                   9.29E-04
Carbon Disulfide

                                   1.04E-06
                                   2.39E-03
                                   3.36E-03
                                   5.47E-04
                                   2.18E-03
Carbon Tetrachloride

                                   2.32E-02
Chlorine

                                   4.08E-01
2-Chloroacetophenone

                                   5.60E-08
                                   1.29E-04
                                   1.81E-04
                                   2.94E-05
                                   1.17E-04
Chlorobenzene

                                   1.76E-07
                                   4.04E-04
                                   5.68E-04
                                   9.25E-05
                                   1.74E-02
Chloroform

                                   4.72E-07
                                   1.08E-03
                                   1.52E-03
                                   2.48E-04
                                   1.54E-02
2-Chloronaphthalene

                                   1.24E-06
Cumene

                                   4.24E-08
                                   9.73E-05
                                   1.37E-04
                                   2.23E-05
                                   8.87E-05
Cyanide

                                   2.00E-05
                                   4.59E-02
                                   6.45E-02
                                   1.05E-02
                                   4.19E-02
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
                                   8.96E-04
                                   1.45E-03
                                   1.71E-03
                                   7.37E-04
                                   1.85E-03
                                   7.85E-04
                                   1.36E-03
                                   5.23E-03
Dimethyl Sulfate

                                   3.84E-07
                                   8.81E-04
                                   1.24E-03
                                   2.02E-04
                                   8.04E-04
2,4-Dinitrophenol

                                   9.29E-05
2,4-Dinitrotoluene

                                   2.24E-09
                                   5.14E-06
                                   7.23E-06
                                   1.18E-06
                                   4.69E-06
Ethyl Benzene

                                   7.52E-07
                                   1.73E-03
                                   2.43E-03
                                   3.95E-04
                                   1.76E-02
Ethyl Chloride

                                   3.36E-07
                                   7.71E-04
                                   1.08E-03
                                   1.77E-04
                                   7.03E-04
Ethylene Dibromide

                                   9.60E-09
                                   2.20E-05
                                   3.10E-05
                                   5.04E-06
                                   2.84E-02
Ethylene Dichloride

                                   3.20E-07
                                   7.35E-04
                                   1.03E-03
                                   1.68E-04
                                   1.56E-02
Formaldehyde [a]
                                   5.60E-02
                                   9.07E-02
                                   1.07E-01
                                   4.61E-02
                                   1.20E-01
                                   5.52E-02
                                   8.63E-02
                                   2.60E+00
Hexane [a]
                                   1.34E+00
                                   2.18E+00
                                   2.56E+00
                                   1.11E+00
                                   2.77E+00
                                   1.18E+00
                                   2.05E+00
                                   7.88E+00
Isophorone

                                   4.64E-06
                                   1.07E-02
                                   1.50E-02
                                   2.44E-03
                                   9.71E-03
Methyl Bromide

                                   1.28E-06
                                   2.94E-03
                                   4.13E-03
                                   6.73E-04
                                   1.04E-02
Methyl Chloride

                                   4.24E-06
                                   9.73E-03
                                   1.37E-02
                                   2.23E-03
                                   2.07E-02
Methyl Chloroform

                                   1.60E-07
                                   3.67E-04
                                   5.16E-04
                                   8.41E-05
                                   1.63E-02
Methyl Methacrylate

                                   1.60E-07
                                   3.67E-04
                                   5.16E-04
                                   8.41E-05
                                   3.35E-04
Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether

                                   2.80E-07
                                   6.43E-04
                                   9.03E-04
                                   1.47E-04
                                   5.86E-04
3-Methylcholanthrene
                                   1.34E-06
                                   2.18E-06
                                   2.56E-06
                                   1.11E-06
                                   2.77E-06
                                   1.18E-06
                                   2.05E-06
                                   7.88E-06
5-Methylchrysene

                                   1.76E-10
                                   4.04E-07
                                   5.68E-07
                                   9.25E-08
                                   3.68E-07
Methylene Chloride

                                   2.32E-06
                                   5.33E-03
                                   7.49E-03
                                   1.22E-03
                                   1.54E-01
Methylhydrazine

                                   1.36E-06
                                   3.12E-03
                                   4.39E-03
                                   7.15E-04
                                   2.85E-03
4-Nitrophenol

                                   5.68E-05
Pentachlorophenol

                                   2.63E-05
Phenol

                                   1.28E-07
                                   2.94E-04
                                   4.13E-04
                                   6.73E-05
                                   2.66E-02
Phosphorus

                                   1.39E-02
Propionaldehyde

                                   3.04E-06
                                   6.98E-03
                                   9.81E-03
                                   1.60E-03
                                   3.78E-02
Propylene Dichloride

                                   1.70E-02
Styrene

                                   2.00E-07
                                   4.59E-04
                                   6.45E-04
                                   1.05E-04
                                   9.81E-01
Tetrachloroethylene

                                   3.44E-07
                                   7.90E-04
                                   1.11E-03
                                   1.81E-04
                                   2.03E-02
Toluene [a]
                                   2.54E-03
                                   4.11E-03
                                   4.84E-03
                                   2.09E-03
                                   9.64E-03
                                   8.42E-03
                                   4.87E-03
                                   4.94E-01
Trichloroethylene

                                   1.55E-02
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

                                   1.14E-05
Vinyl Acetate

                                   6.08E-08
                                   1.40E-04
                                   1.96E-04
                                   3.20E-05
                                   1.27E-04
Vinyl Chloride

                                   9.29E-03
o-Xylene

                                   1.29E-02
Xylenes (Mixture of o, m, and p Isomers)

                                   2.96E-07
                                   6.79E-04
                                   9.55E-04
                                   1.56E-04
                                   6.19E-04
Notes:	[a]	Several taconite iron ore processing facilities included emissions of certain products of incomplete combustion (i.e., benzene, formaldehyde, hexane, and toluene) based on testing done in the mid-1990s.[24] That testing indicated that emissions of these HAP were typically below detection limits, but some facilities included emissions of these HAP assuming emissions at rates equal to the testing detection limits. Table 12 (and the risk file) instead includes emissions of these HAP based on fuel use during CY2014 and the emissions factors taken from AP-42.
     Values highlighted in yellow are those HAP for which the NEI or Petition to Delist did not indicate any emissions, but were gap-filled (i.e., emissions were included in the modeling file) either using the speciation profile provided in the Petition to Delist (e.g., for As and Ni for facilities in MN) or AP-42 emissions factors. Values highlighted in green are those HAP for which the NEI or Petition to Delist did indicate emissions, but the values listed in the modeling file and Table 12 differ from the provided values due either to the reason cited in note [a], above, or for other unknown reasons. Note however, that the values highlighted in green (other than those from note [a], above) are typically very close to the values provided via the NEI or the Petition to Delist.
     In order to match the names used in the risk modeling database: "Benzo[b,k]Fluoranthene" was changed to "Benzo[b+k]Fluoranthene"; and "Benzo[j,k]Fluoranthene" and "Benzo[b,j,k]fluoranthene" were combined in the more generic "Benzofluoranthenes."
     The Minntac facility reported emissions of 1,3-butadiene in the NEI. Although AP-42 did not include an emissions factor for this pollutant for the utilized fuels, it was retained in this table (and the modeling file).
 Pellet Handling Operations (PH)
PH sources do not include any fossil fuel combustion and, although these sources do handle finished pellets (i.e., after incorporation of additives - binders and/or fluxing agents), the volatile portion of the pellet additives have already been released via the pellet induration processes. Therefore, PH sources are only expected to emit metal HAP, summarized in Table 14, below.
                     Table 13: Summary of PH HAP Emissions
                                      HAP
                         HAP Emissions (tons per year)

                                    Minorca
                                    Empire
                               Hibbing Taconite
                                  North-shore
                                    Tilden
                                United Taconite
                                    Keetac
                                    Minntac
Antimony
                                   1.11E-04
                                   1.71E-05
                                   1.41E-05
                                   2.40E-05
                                   6.32E-05
                                   2.32E-04
                                   3.07E-04
                                   1.49E-04
Arsenic
                                   1.87E-04
                                   6.87E-05
                                   3.80E-04
                                   1.02E-04
                                   3.32E-04
                                   1.23E-04
                                   1.86E-03
                                   1.76E-03
Beryllium
                                   9.35E-06
                                   1.29E-05
                                   3.96E-05
                                   2.84E-05
                                   1.58E-05
                                   8.21E-05
                                   2.57E-04
                                   2.67E-04
Cadmium
                                   6.83E-06
                                   1.71E-06
                                   8.48E-07
                                   1.37E-06
                                   6.32E-06
                                   6.84E-06
                                   7.24E-05
                                   1.01E-05
Chromium (VI)
                                   2.78E-07

                                   2.20E-05
                                   4.03E-05

                                   5.25E-05
                                   3.37E-05
                                   2.55E-04
Chromium III
                                   8.98E-06
                                   6.44E-05
                                   7.10E-04
                                   1.30E-03
                                   2.85E-04
                                   1.70E-03
                                   1.09E-03
                                   8.24E-03
Cobalt
                                   7.48E-06
                                   8.58E-06
                                   1.05E-04
                                   4.67E-04
                                   5.39E-05
                                   8.34E-04
                                   8.32E-04
                                   2.54E-03
Lead

                                   1.71E-05

                                   6.32E-05
                                   3.69E-04

Manganese
                                   3.66E-03
                                   1.39E-03
                                   3.45E-02
                                   5.44E-02
                                   1.25E-02
                                   1.29E-02
                                   3.32E-01
                                   3.49E-01
Mercury (202)
                                   7.81E-08
                                   3.86E-09
                                   4.02E-08
                                   1.50E-08
                                   8.70E-09
                                   1.37E-05
                                   6.25E-08
                                   7.20E-08
Nickel
                                   3.70E-06
                                   3.00E-05
                                   1.30E-04
                                   3.34E-04
                                   7.92E-05
                                   6.84E-05
                                   8.68E-04
                                   2.03E-03
Selenium
                                   9.25E-05
                                   4.29E-05
                                   1.23E-05
                                   1.24E-05
                                   1.58E-04
                                   6.84E-05
                                   7.39E-04
                                   5.33E-05

 Fugitive Dust Emissions Control Plan Sources (FDECP)
As with OCH and PH, the FDECP sources do not involve combustion of fossil fuels and are only expected to emit metal HAP. The Michigan facilities (i.e., Empire and Tilden) did not include any FDECP emissions data in the NEI or the Petition to Delist. The FDECP emission point data for the Michigan facilities were estimated as follows (see summaries in Tables 14 and 15, below):
 Since OCH emission sources handle raw ore (i.e., before the concentration of iron content and addition of pellet additives), it is presumed that OCH HAP emissions are reflective of pre-induration FDECP HAP emissions;
 Since PH emission sources handle finished ("fired") pellets (i.e., after concentration of iron content and addition of pellet additives), it is presumed that PH HAP emissions are reflective of post-induration FDECP HAP emissions;
 The average ratio of FDECP/OCH HAP emissions and the average ratio of FDECP/PH HAP emissions were calculated for the MN facilities;
 The total HAP emissions from pre-induration FDECP emission sources at each MI facility were estimated by multiplying that facility's total OCH HAP emissions by the average ratio of FDECP/OCH HAP emissions calculated for the MN facilities. The total HAP emissions from post-induration FDECP emission sources at each MI facility were estimated by multiplying that facility's total PH HAP emissions by the average ratio of FDECP/PH HAP emissions calculated for the MN facilities;
 The total FDECP emissions cited in Table 14 for each of the MI facilities is equal to the sum of the pre-induration and post-induration total FDECP emissions, calculated as described in the previous bullet;
 The speciated HAP emissions from pre-induration FDECP emission sources at each MI facility were estimated by multiplying that facility's speciated OCH HAP emissions by the average ratio of FDECP/OCH HAP emissions calculated for the MN facilities. The speciated HAP emissions from post-induration FDECP emission sources at each MI facility were estimated by multiplying that facility's speciated PH HAP emissions by the average ratio of FDECP/PH HAP emissions calculated for the MN facilities;
 The speciated FDECP emissions cited in Table 15 for each of the MI facilities is equal to the sum of the pre-induration and post-induration speciated FDECP emissions, calculated as described in the previous bullet.
                    Table 14: Total 2014 EPG HAP Emissions
                                      EPG
    Actual Total 2014 EPG HAP Emissions (tons emitted per year) [a][,] [b]

                                 MN Facilities
                                 MI Facilities

                                    Minorca
                               Hibbing Taconite
                                  North-shore
                                United Taconite
                                    Keetac
                                    Minntac
                                     Ave.
                                    Empire
                                    Tilden
FDECP
                                    1.6E-01
                                    2.1E+00
                                    4.6E-02
                                    2.7E-02
                                    6.0E-01
                                    2.5E+00
                                    9.1E-01
                                    1.0E-01
                                    3.7E-01
OCH
                                    8.3E-02
                                    6.3E-01
                                    6.7E-02
                                    3.8E-01
                                    1.1E-01
                                    7.6E-01
                                    3.4E-01
                                    2.8E-02
                                    5.0E-02
PH
                                    4.1E-03
                                    3.6E-02
                                    5.7E-02
                                    1.9E-01
                                    3.4E-01
                                    3.6E-01
                                    1.7E-01
                                    1.7E-03
                                    1.4E-02
FDECP/OCH
                                    1.9E+00
                                    3.3E+00
                                    6.9E-01
                                    7.0E-02
                                    5.5E+00
                                    3.3E+00
                                    2.5E+00

FDECP/PH
                                    3.8E+01
                                    5.8E+01
                                    8.2E-01
                                    1.4E-01
                                    1.8E+00
                                    7.0E+00
                                    1.8E+01

[a]	Emissions from MN facilities were obtained from NEI
b	OCH and PH emissions from MI facilities were obtained from the Petition to Delist. FDECP emissions from MI facilities were calculated as described above.
              Table 15: Summary of Speciated FDECP HAP Emissions
                                      HAP
                         HAP Emissions (tons per year)

                                    Minorca
                                    Empire
                               Hibbing Taconite
                                  North-shore
                                    Tilden
                                United Taconite
                                    Keetac
                                    Minntac
Antimony
                                   3.93E-04
                                   3.08E-04
                                   3.86E-04
                                   6.32E-05
                                   1.32E-03
                                   1.80E-04
                                   6.36E-04
                                    3.95-03
Arsenic
                                   6.62E-04
                                   1.62E-03
                                   6.84E-03
                                   1.32E-04
                                   6.66E-03
                                   2.25E-04
                                   1.18E-03
                                   7.20E-03
Beryllium
                                   2.62E-05
                                   2.32E-04
                                   6.01E-04
                                   3.84E-05
                                   3.31E-04
                                   7.50E-05
                                   2.72E-04
                                   1.04E-03
Cadmium
                                   2.62E-06
                                   3.08E-05
                                   1.46E-05
                                   3.49E-07
                                   1.32E-04
                                   7.50E-06
                                   1.82E-04
                                   5.14E-04
Chromium (VI)
                                   9.83E-07

                                   8.18E-04
                                   2.46E-05

                                   1.11E-05
                                   3.54E-05
                                   3.45E-04
Chromium III
                                   3.18E-05
                                   5.14E-03
                                   2.65E-02
                                   7.96E-04
                                   1.22E-02
                                   3.60E-04
                                   1.15E-03
                                   1.12E-02
Cobalt
                                   2.26E-04
                                   7.13E-04
                                   2.88E-03
                                   1.52E-04
                                   2.37E-03
                                   7.20E-04
                                   1.18E-03
                                   4.90E-03
Lead

                                   9.26E-04

                                   2.24E-03

Manganese
                                   1.54E-01
                                   8.79E-02
                                   2.04E+00
                                   4.50E-02
                                   3.37E-01
                                   5.85E-02
                                   5.91E-01
                                   2.50E+00
Mercury
                                   3.60E-07
                                   3.26E-07
                                   3.77E-06
                                   1.92E-07
                                   6.13E-07
                                   1.50E-05
                                   1.35E-07
                                   2.48E-04
Nickel
                                   4.92E-05
                                   1.96E-03
                                   2.06E-03
                                   6.11E-05
                                   3.94E-03
                                   1.95E-04
                                   6.36E-04
                                   3.45E-03
Selenium
                                   3.28E-04
                                   1.03E-03
                                   1.55E-04
                                   5.24E-06
                                   3.31E-03
                                   7.50E-05
                                   1.82E-03
                                   5.29E-03
 Discussion of Actual, Allowable and Acute Emissions
 Actual Emissions
Actual emission rates were developed for each EPG for this dataset as described in section V.1 of this document, above, based on information found in the NEI, the Petition to Delist, the MAERS, and on information provided by the MPCA, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and industry representatives. Note that, although the Empire facility is currently in a state of indefinite idle due to a depleted mine, actual emissions for this facility were included in the dataset because the mine could reopen. The company has retained the operating permit for the processing facility and will resume operations if market conditions change and the necessary expense of expanding the mine are justified.
 Allowable Emissions
Allowable emission rates for the taconite iron ore processing facilities were developed by scaling up the actual emission rates. Specifically, once the actual emission rates were developed for a given facility, the allowable emission rate of each EPG at a given facility was estimated by multiplying the actual emission rate of that EPG by the ratio of the effective (maximum) production rate of that facility to the actual production rate of that facility during calendar year 2014. Again, allowable emissions for the Empire facility were included in the dataset even though that facility is currently idled because the company retains the ability to operate the facility.

             Table 16: Summary of Allowable Emissions Multipliers
                                   Facility
                    Production Rate (million long ton/year)
                                     Ratio
                                   Facility
                    Production Rate (million long ton/year)
                                     Ratio

                                     2014
                                   Effective

                                     2014
                                   Effective

Minorca Mine
                                     2.51
                                      2.8
                                     1.12
Tilden Mine
                                                                           6.77
                                                                            7.8
                                     1.15
Empire Mine
                                     2.63
                                      8.4
                                     3.19
United Taconite
                                                                           4.82
                                                                            5.4
                                     1.12
Hibbing Taconite
                                     7.34
                                      8.0
                                     1.09
USS-Keetac
                                                                           5.15
                                                                            6.0
                                     1.17
Northshore Mining
                                     5.12
                                      6.2
                                     1.21
USS-Minntac
                                                                          13.71
                                                                           16.0
                                     1.17
 Acute Emissions
To develop screening estimates of acute exposures in the absence of hourly emissions data, the EPA generally develops estimates of maximum hourly emissions rates by multiplying the average actual annual hourly emissions rates by a default factor to cover routinely variable emissions. The EPA chooses the factor based on process knowledge and engineering judgment reflecting, where appropriate, circumstances of the particular source category. The default factor reflects the findings of the Texas study of short-term emissions variability, which showed that most peak emission events in a heavily-industrialized area were less than twice the annual average hourly emissions rate.[2][5]
For the taconite iron ore processing source category, information was available to determine process-specific factors. The processes in the taconite iron ore processing source category are typically equipped with controls which will not allow startup of the emission source until the associated control device is operating and will automatically shut down the emission source if the associated controls malfunction.
The indurating furnaces, which are by far the largest sources of HAP emissions, typically operate continuously for long periods of time, so there are no significant spikes in emissions. The EPA believes emissions from the indurating furnaces are relatively consistent over time with minimal fluctuation and estimated that hourly emissions rates from indurating furnaces could occasionally increase by a factor of up to 2 times the average hourly actual emissions. The EPA believes this is a valid multiplier to estimate maximum acute emissions from indurating furnaces. Ore crushing and handling operations, ore drying operations, pellet handling operations and fugitive dust emissions control plan sources may have specific batch operation cycles with peak emissions occurring for a part of that cycle. The EPA believes these peak hourly emissions could be as high as 10 times the average hourly actual emissions for these sources. Note that for the Empire facility we used a slightly modified approach since that facility was nearing the end of mine capacity during 2014 (see discussion above) and was operating well below normal production rates. That is, the 2014 production rate at the Empire facility was so low (about 31% of its effective production rate, as shown in Table 2, above), that scaling up actual emissions by the cited factors of two times for furnaces and ten times for other sources results in acute emissions that are less than the allowable emissions for the Empire facility, which we believe is not representative. Note that the average ratio of effective production to actual 2014 production for the taconite iron ore processing facilities (other than the Empire facility) is 1.15 (refer to Table 17, above). Therefore, to estimate a more "typical" actual production rate for the Empire facility, the actual emissions were scaled up to the allowable rate (i.e., multiplied by 3.19  -  refer to Table 17, above) and then reduced by the average effective/actual factor (i.e., 1.15). Then, these modified actual emissions were scaled up by the cited factors of two times for furnaces and ten times for other sources.

VI.	Non-Category Emissions Development
A dataset representing facility-wide emissions was developed. This dataset consisted of HAP emissions from all category emission sources (i.e., those emission sources that are part of the taconite iron ore processing source category) at the taconite iron ore processing facilities, as well as all HAP emitted from non-category emission sources. The facility-wide emissions dataset was created by adding non-taconite iron ore processing source category emission points to the taconite iron ore processing source category dataset. Two modeling files were developed for use in the risk review; one file with data for only taconite iron ore processing emission sources (i.e., the source category file) and one file with data for all emission sources (i.e., the facility-wide file). A total of 8 major source facilities were modeled. The taconite iron ore processing source category does not include any non-major (i.e., area) sources.
All of the taconite iron ore processing facilities include non-category emission sources. The most common non-category emission sources include boilers, emergency generators and fire pumps. One facility (the Northshore Mining facility) includes two boilers which are utilized to generate electric power for use on-site and, when not needed for facility operation, for sale to the grid. The non-category emissions data were extracted from the 2014 NEI.
VII.	Emission Release Points
Category emissions: The Petition to Delist did not include reliable information on the location of the emission processes groups (EPG) emission release points. Further, Google Earth(TM) imagery indicated that the EPG emission release points' location information (i.e., the latitudes and longitudes) provided in the NEI is often not accurate. Therefore, for each taconite iron ore processing facility, the modeling file includes one emission release point, each, for ore crushing and handling operations, ore drying operations (Tilden only), pellet induration, and pellet handling operations. For each of these EPG, in an attempt to obtain the worst-case risk modeling results, the modeling file utilizes the emission release point located closest to the nearest residence, based on available Google Earth(TM) imagery, unless a more accurate location was provided by industry representatives. Further, for each EPG, the modeling file assumes that all HAP emissions from a given EPG are emitted from a stack with parameters (e.g., height, temperature, diameter, and exit velocity) equal to the average of the actual stacks' parameters of that EPG (as provided in NEI).
Again, for the fugitive dust emission control plan EPG, in an attempt to obtain the worst-case risk modeling results, the modeling file assumes all associated HAP are emitted from the area source at the facility that is located closest to the nearest residence, based on available Google Earth(TM) imagery, unless a more accurate location was provided by industry representatives.
Refer to Appendix A for the Google Earth(TM) image, with emission locations indicated, for each taconite iron ore processing facility.
Non-Category emissions: For the non-category emission sources, we made no changes to the emissions data provided in the NEI, except to make sure that the emission point is located onsite.
VIII.	Quality Control Checks and Resulting Changes
Data in the draft modeling file were checked in several ways. Data quality checks that were performed and changes that were made are briefly summarized below:
Source latitudes and longitudes cited in NEI were checked in Google Earth(TM) to verify accuracy and were corrected as needed. Correct format for latitude and longitude was reviewed and corrected as needed.
Emissions estimates were expanded to include those HAP expected from combustion of fossil fuels in the indurating furnaces.
Pollutant names and pollutant codes were reviewed and corrected, as necessary, in order to match the names and codes included in the modeling file lookup tables.
Any NEI exhaust temperatures, stack heights, stack diameters, and exhaust flow rates that appeared to be out of standard industry range were reviewed and corrected, as necessary.
Each calculation methodology was reviewed and emissions factors and estimated emission rates were reviewed for accuracy.
Actual emissions were verified to be less than or equal to allowable emissions which were, in turn, verified to be less than acute emissions.
As requested by the taconite iron ore processing industry representatives, the draft modeling file was made available to the subject facilities to provide an opportunity for them to review the associated emission release parameters and the estimated emission rates.
Reviewed and corrected, as appropriate, stack parameters (e.g., diameter, height, flow rate, and temperature) and estimated emission rates in accordance with additional information provided by industry representatives pursuant to their review of the draft file.
 The quality control efforts employed for this project resulted in a more accurate 2014 emissions dataset. Some data were modified in the final modeling file, however, the changes were relatively minor and did not significantly change the modeling inputs or outputs.
IX.	References	(All cited reference materials are available via the links provided below and/or may be found in Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2017-0664)
Iron Mining Association of Minnesota (IMA) State of the Industry Update (2015)
Taconite Mining and Industry Profile (Draft Report, dated September 2001) https://www3.epa.gov/ttnecas1/regdata/IPs/Taconite_IP.pdf
Taconite Ore Processing section of AP-42 (Section 11.23) (https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch11/final/c11s23.pdf)
2016 Mining Tax Guide (Minnesota Department of Revenue) http://www.revenue.state.mn.us/businesses/mineral/Documents/2016_mining_guide.pdf
MAERS 2014 Annual Report Summary for Empire
MAERS 2014 Annual Report Summary for Tilden
Initial NESHAP proposal Background Information Document (EPA/ 453/R-02-015, December 2002) (https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPDF.cgi?Dockey=2000NRYN.pdf)
Initial NESHAP proposal (67 FR 77562, December 18, 2002) https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2002-12-18/pdf/02-31231.pdf
Petition to Delist
Petition to Delist, Appendix D for Empire
Petitions to Delist, Appendix I for Tilden
Additional facility-specific process information provided by taconite iron ore process industry representatives, received July 9, 2018.
Additional facility-specific process information provided by taconite iron ore process industry representatives, received July 26, 2018.
Petition to Delist, Appendix R for speciation of Hg
Petition to Delist, Appendix S for speciation of As and Ni, Part 1
Petition to Delist, Appendix S for speciation of As and Ni, Part 2
Petition to Delist, Appendix T for speciation of Cr
Section 1.1 of AP-42: Bituminous and Subbituminous Coal Combustion (https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s01.pdf)
Section 1.3 of AP-42: Fuel Oil Combustion (https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s03.pdf)
Section 1.4 of AP-42: Natural Gas Combustion (https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s04.pdf)
Section 1.6 of AP-42: Wood Residue Combustion in Boilers (https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/final/c01s06.pdf)
April 19, 2017 email from Anne Jackson of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
November 3, 2017 email from Rich Zavoda of ArcelorMittal USA
Taconite Iron Ore Industry in the United States, A Background Information Report for MACT Determination (from MPCA to US EPA, dated December 30, 1999)
Variable Industrial VOC Emissions and their impact on ozone formation in the Houston Galveston Area (a report from The University of Texas at Austin and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to Texas Environmental Research Consortium, dated April 9, 2004), available at https://www.tceq.texas.gov/assets/public/implementation/air/sip/sipdocs/2004-05-HGB/04042sipapi_pro.pdf.

          Appendix A: Taconite Iron Ore Processing Facility Site Maps

                                  Empire Mine
Empire Mine: Site Layout View

Empire Mine: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-E ≈ 300 feet)
(width of FDECP-E ≈ 300 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-E
                                   46.444064
                                  -87.601539
PI-E
                                   46.445977
                                  -87.600293
PH-E
                                   46.446300
                                  -87.599174
FDECP-E1
                                   46.444322
                                  -87.596186
FDECP-E2
                                   46.450691
                                  -87.596085

                                  Tilden Mine
Tilden Mine: Site Layout View

Tilden Mine: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-T ≈ 500 feet)
(width of FDECP-T ≈ 500 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-T
                                   46.440739
                                  -87.652715
Ore drying
                                   46.440723
                                  -87.652247
PI-T
                                   46.439810
                                  -87.650018
PH-T
                                   46.439372
                                  -87.650152
FDECP-T1
                                   46.437826
                                  -87.652762
FDECP-T2
                                   46.435940
                                  -87.642519

                                 Minorca Mine
Minorca Mine: Site Layout View

Minorca Mine: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-MM ≈ 300 feet)
(width of FDECP-MM ≈ 300 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-MM
                                   47.561752
                                  -92.521476
PI-MM
                                   47.560920
                                  -92.521849
PH-MM
                                   47.560274
                                  -92.521486
FDECP-MM1
                                   47.555483
                                  -92.519306
FDECP-MM2
                                   47.558185
                                  -92.520467

                                United Taconite
United Taconite: Site Layout View

United Taconite: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-UT ≈ 300 feet)
(width of FDECP-UT ≈ 300 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-UT
                                   47.354400
                                  -92.576050
PI-UT
                                   47.352078
                                  -92.576428
PH-UT
                                   47.351716
                                  -92.577405
FDECP-UT1
                                   47.355673
                                  -92.579453
FDECP-UT2
                                   47.356880
                                  -92.577675

                                    Minntac
Minntac: Site Layout View

Minntac: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-US M ≈ 350 feet)
(width of FDECP-US M ≈ 350 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-US M
                                   47.561875
                                  -92.639217
PI-US M
                                   47.567420
                                  -92.627351
PH-US M
                                   47.566158
                                  -92.622651
FDECP-US M1
                                   47.561917
                                  -92.634701
FDECP-US M2
                                   47.563213
                                  -92.635088

                               Hibbing Taconite
Hibbing Taconite: Site Layout View

Hibbing Taconite: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-H ≈ 250 feet)
(width of FDECP-H ≈ 250 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-H
                                   47.476813
                                  -92.969077
PI-H
                                   47.478451
                                  -92.967230
PH-H
                                   47.477112
                                  -92.967528
FDECP-H1
                                   47.475686
                                  -92.972148
FDECP-H2
                                   47.476110
                                  -92.968726

                                    Keetac
Keetac: Site Layout View

Keetac: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-K ≈ 450 feet)
(width of FDECP-K ≈ 450 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-K
                                   47.413422
                                  -93.063711
PI-K
                                   47.412467
                                  -93.059638
PH-K
                                   47.411441
                                  -93.060531
FDECP-K1
                                   47.410896
                                  -93.064625
FDECP-K2
                                   47.411057
                                  -93.062707

                                  Northshore
Northshore: Site Layout View

Northshore: EPG Location View

(width of FDECP-N ≈ 250 feet)
(width of FDECP-N ≈ 250 feet)
                                      Pin
                                   Latitude
                                   Longitude
OCH-N
                                   47.290518
                                  -91.263702
PI-N
                                   47.285706
                                  -91.262978
PH-N
                                   47.284673
                                  -91.264012
FDECP-N1
                                   47.282767
                                  -91.263375
FDECP-N2
                                   47.285821
                                  -91.259879