As explained in EPA's earlier rulemaking concerning refrigerant substitutes, EPA has not promulgated regulations requiring certification of refrigerant recycling/recovery equipment intended for use with substitutes to date (70 FR 19275; April 13, 2005). However, as EPA noted, the lack of a current regulatory provision should not be considered as an exemption from the venting prohibition for substitutes that are not expressly exempted in Section 82.154(a). EPA has also noted that, in accordance with section 608(c) of the Act, the regulatory prohibition at Section 82.154(a) reflects the statutory references to de minimis releases of substitutes as they pertain to good faith attempts to recover and recycle or safely dispose of non-exempted substitutes (70 FR 19275; April 13, 2005).
C. What revision to the venting prohibition has EPA recently proposed?
      On April 12, 2013, at 78 FR 21871, EPA proposed to revise the existing venting prohibition for refrigerant substitutes. Those proposed changes would exempt from that prohibition three hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes listed as acceptable subject to use conditions in the specified end-uses under the SNAP program: isobutane (R - 600a) and R - 441A, which were listed as acceptable, subject to use conditions, as refrigerant substitutes in household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers, and propane (R - 290), which was listed as acceptable, subject to use conditions, as a refrigerant substitute in retail food refrigerators and freezers (stand-alone units only). That proposal does not apply to blends of hydrocarbons with other refrigerants or containing any amount of any CFC, HCFC, HFC, or PFC.
      EPA proposed to determine that for the purposes of CAA section 608(c)(2), the venting, release or disposal of such hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes in the specified end-uses does not pose a threat to the environment, considering both the inherent characteristics of these substances and the limited quantities used in the relevant applications. EPA additionally concluded that other authorities, controls and practices that apply to such refrigerants help to mitigate environmental risk from the release of those three hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes. For example, state and local air quality agencies may include VOC emissions reduction strategies in state implementation plans developed to meet and maintain the NAAQS that would apply to hydrocarbon refrigerants.
         D. What is EPA's proposed determination regarding whether venting of hydrocarbons to be listed as acceptable subject to use conditions in the end-uses proposed in this NPRM pose a threat to the environment?
      For purposes of section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, EPA considers two factors in determining whether or not venting, release, or disposal of a substitute refrigerant during the maintenance, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances poses a threat to the environment. See 69 FR 11948 (March 12, 2004). First, EPA determines whether venting, release, or disposal of the substitute refrigerant poses a threat to the environment due to inherent characteristics of the refrigerant, such as global warming potential. Second, EPA determines whether and to what extent such venting, release, or disposal actually takes place during the maintenance, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances, and to what extent such venting, release, or disposal is controlled by other authorities, regulations, or practices. To the extent that such releases are adequately controlled by other authorities, EPA defers to those authorities.
      1. Potential environmental impacts
      EPA has evaluated the potential environmental impacts of releasing into the environment the hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes that we are proposing to list under the SNAP program as acceptable subject to use conditions in the end-uses proposed--i.e., ethane in very low temperature refrigeration and non-mechanical heat transfer; isobutane in retail food refrigeration (stand-alone equipment only) and vending machines; propane in household refrigerators and freezers, vending machines and room AC units; and R-441A in retail food refrigeration (stand-alone equipment only), vending machines and room AC units. In particular, we assessed the potential impact of the release of additional hydrocarbons on local air quality and their ability to decompose in the atmosphere, their ODP and their GWPs, as well as potential impacts on ecosystems (see Section IV above, "What criteria did EPA consider in determining whether to list the substitutes as acceptable and in determining appropriate use conditions and how does EPA consider those factors?"). As explained in that section, the ODP of these hydrocarbons is zero, the GWPs are less than 10, and effects on aquatic life from these hydrocarbons are expected to be small. As to potential effects on local air quality, based on the analysis and modeling results described above, EPA concludes that the four saturated hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes proposed to be listed as acceptable subject to use conditions in specific end-uses -- ethane, isobutane, propane, and R-441A -- are expected to have little impact on local air quality. In addition, when examining all hydrocarbon substitute refrigerants in those uses for which UL currently has standards in place, for which the SNAP program has already listed the uses as acceptable subject to use conditions, or for which the SNAP program is reviewing a submission, including those in this rule, we found that even if all the refrigerant in appliances in end-uses addressed in this proposed rule were to be emitted, there would be a worst-case impact of less than 0.2% of the NAAQS for ground-level ozone in the Los Angeles area. In light of its evaluation of potential environmental impacts, EPA concludes that the four hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes in the end-uses at issue in this proposal are not expected to pose a threat to the environment on the basis of the limited quantities used in the relevant end-uses and applications and on the basis of the inherent characteristics of these substances (ICF, 2013a).
   2.  Toxicity and Flammability
      As discussed above in sections IV.B., "Flammability and fire safety" and IV.C., "Toxicity," EPA's SNAP program evaluated the potential for fire risk from flammability and toxicity risks from exposure to the substitute refrigerants in this proposal. EPA is providing some of that information in this section as well.
      Hydrocarbons, including ethane, propane, isobutane and the hydrocarbon blend R - 441A, are classified as A3 refrigerants by ASHRAE Standard 34 - 2010, indicating that they have low toxicity and high flammability. Hydrocarbons considered in this proposal have lower flammability limits (LFLs) ranging from 1.8% to 3.0% (18,000 ppm to 30,000 ppm). To address flammability risks, EPA is issuing recommendations for their safe use (see section VII, "What recommendations does EPA have for safe use of the proposed flammable substitute refrigerants?" below) and specified use conditions. The SNAP program's analysis suggests that the use conditions proposed in this rule mitigate flammability risks.
      Like most refrigerants, hydrocarbons can displace oxygen at high concentrations and cause asphyxiation. Various industry and regulatory standards exist to address asphyxiation and toxicity risks. The SNAP program's analysis of asphyxiation and toxicity risks suggests that the use conditions proposed in this rule mitigate potential asphyxiation and toxicity risks. Furthermore, the Agency believes that the flammability risks and occupational exposures to hydrocarbons are adequately regulated by OSHA, building, and fire codes at a local and national level.
         3. Authorities, Controls, and Practices
      EPA believes that existing authorities, controls, and practices would help mitigate environmental risk from the release of these hydrocarbon refrigerants. Analyses performed for both this proposed rule and the SNAP rules issued in 1994 and 2011 (March 17, 1994, at 59 FR 13044 and December 20, 2011, at 76 FR 38832, respectively) indicate that existing regulatory requirements and industry practices designed to limit and control these substances adequately control the emission of the hydrocarbon refrigerants proposed to be listed in this action. As explained below, EPA concludes that the limits and controls under other authorities, regulations or practices adequately control the release of and exposure to the four hydrocarbon substitute refrigerants and mitigate risks from any possible release.
      This conclusion is relevant to the second factor mentioned above in the overall determination of whether venting, release, or disposal of a substitute refrigerant poses a threat to the environment -- that is, a consideration of the extent that such venting, release, or disposal is adequately controlled by other authorities, regulations, or practices. As such, this conclusion is another part of the determination that the venting, release, or disposal of these four hydrocarbon refrigerants would not pose a threat to the environment.
      Industry service practices and OSHA standards and guidelines address hydrocarbon refrigeration equipment, include monitoring efforts, engineering controls, and operating procedures. OSHA requirements that apply during servicing include continuous monitoring of explosive gas concentrations and oxygen levels. In general, hydrocarbon emissions from refrigeration systems are likely to be significantly smaller than those emanating from the industrial process and storage systems, which are controlled for safety reasons. Further, the SNAP rule listing hydrocarbons as acceptable subject to use conditions for use in household and commercial stand-alone refrigerators and freezers (December 20, 2011, at 76 FR 78832), we noted that the amount of refrigerant from a refrigerant loop is limited (57 g for household refrigerators and freezers, and 150 g for commercial stand-alone refrigerators and freezers), indicating that hydrocarbon emissions from such uses are likely to be relatively small. Similar charge limits are proposed to apply to very low temperature refrigeration equipment, non-mechanical heat transfer equipment, and vending machines, with larger but still limited charges for room air conditioners (1000 g for hydrocarbon refrigerants).
      Hydrocarbons that are also VOC may be regulated as VOC under sections of the Clean Air Act that address nonattainment, attainment and maintenance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ground level ozone, including those sections addressing development of State Implementation Plans and those addressing permitting of VOC sources.
      The release and/or disposal of many refrigerant substitutes, including hydrocarbons, are controlled by other authorities including those established by OSHA and NIOSH guidelines, various standards, and state and local building codes. To the extent that release during maintaining, repairing, servicing or disposing of appliances is controlled by regulations and standards of other authorities, EPA believes these practices and controls for the use of hydrocarbons are sufficiently protective. These practices and controls could help mitigate the risk to the environment that may be posed by the venting, release or disposal of these four hydrocarbon refrigerants during the maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of appliances. This conclusion addresses the second factor in the analysis described above and is thus part of the determination that the venting, release, or disposal of these hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes does not pose a threat to the environment.
         4. Conclusion
      EPA has reviewed the potential environmental impacts of four hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes in the end-uses that we are proposing to list subject to use conditions under SNAP, as well as the authorities, controls and practices in place for those hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes. Specifically, EPA concludes that these four hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes in the proposed end-uses and subject to the proposed use conditions are not expected to pose a threat to the environment based on the inherent characteristics of these substances and the limited quantities used in the relevant applications. EPA additionally concludes that existing authorities, controls, and practices help mitigate environmental risk from the release of those four hydrocarbons in the proposed end-uses and subject to the proposed use conditions. In light of these conclusions and those described or identified above in this section, we are proposing to determine, in accordance with 608(c)(2), that based on current evidence and risk analyses, the venting, release or disposal of these four hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes in the end-uses proposed does not pose a threat to the environment. Furthermore, EPA is proposing to exempt from the venting prohibition at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1) these additional uses for which hydrocarbons are being proposed to be found acceptable subject to use conditions under the SNAP program.
      EPA seeks information or data on whether there currently is an industry standard for recovery units for flammable refrigerants and whether there are commercially available recovery units that are specifically designed to be compatible with ethane, isobutane, propane, and R-441A. At this time, EPA is unaware of any recovery units that are designed specifically for recovering hydrocarbons and which are readily available in the U.S. Further, we are not aware of relevant U.S. standards for such recovery units. However, to the extent that these hydrocarbons are recovered rather than vented as would be allowed in the specified end-uses if this proposal became final, EPA recommends the use of recovery equipment designed for flammable refrigerants, when such equipment and relevant U.S. standards for it become available, in accordance with applicable safe handling practices.
   E. What is EPA proposing regarding venting, release, or disposal of refrigerant substitutes, other than hydrocarbons, included in our proposed decision?
      Today's proposed rulemaking would regulate the use of HFC-32 in room AC units. All HFCs are currently subject to the venting prohibition. EPA is not proposing to extend the exemption to HFC-32 or any refrigerant blends that contain HFC-32 or any other HFC. Further, the exemption to the venting prohibition proposed in this NPRM does not extend to blends of hydrocarbons and other types of compounds, e.g., blends of HFCs and hydrocarbons. Such refrigerant substitutes would still be subject to the statutory and regulatory venting prohibition.
   VII. What recommendations does EPA have for safe use of the proposed flammable substitute refrigerants?
      EPA recommends that only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerant substitutes service or dispose of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment containing these substances. Technicians should know how to minimize the risk of fire and the procedures for using flammable refrigerant substitutes safely. Releases of large quantities of refrigerant substitutes during servicing and manufacturing, especially in enclosed, poorly ventilated spaces or in areas where large amounts of refrigerant are stored, could cause an explosion if an ignition source exists nearby. For these reasons, it is important that only properly trained technicians handle flammable refrigerant substitutes when maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of household and retail food refrigerators and freezers, very low temperature freezers, non-mechanical heat transfer equipment (e.g., thermosiphons), and room air conditioners. In addition, EPA recommends that if hydrocarbon refrigerant substitutes were vented, released, or disposed of (rather than recovered), as would be allowed in the specified end-uses if this proposal became final, the release should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building.
      We are aware that at least one organization, Refrigeration Service Engineers Society (RSES), has developed a technician training program in collaboration with refrigeration equipment manufacturers and users that addresses safe use of flammable refrigerant substitutes. In addition, EPA has reviewed several training programs provided as part of SNAP submissions from persons interested in flammable refrigerant substitutes. EPA intends to update the CAA Section 608 technician certification test bank provided to approved organizations that administer the certification exams in accordance with 40 CFR 82.161 to specifically include questions concerning flammable refrigerant substitutes.
      EPA considered proposing a use condition requiring training in handling flammable refrigerant substitutes for technicians who service or dispose of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment containing these substitutes. However, we do not have sufficient information on the core elements that should be part of such a training program to ensure that a training requirement would improve safety. EPA requests comment on whether we should establish a use condition requiring training in handling flammable refrigerant substitutes for technicians servicing or disposing of equipment containing such substitutes, and if so, what should be the mandatory elements of such training.
      VIII. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
   A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
      Under Executive Order (EO) 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993), this action is a "significant regulatory action." It raises novel legal or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth in the Executive Order. Accordingly, EPA submitted this action to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review under EO 12866 and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011) and any changes made in response to OMB recommendations have been documented in the docket for this action.
   B. Paperwork Reduction Act
      This action does not impose any new information collection burden. This proposed rule is an Agency determination. It contains no new requirements for reporting or recordkeeping. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has previously approved the information collection requirements contained in the existing regulations in Subpart G of 40 CFR Part 82 under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. and has assigned OMB control number 2060-0226. This Information Collection Request (ICR) included five types of respondent reporting and recordkeeping activities pursuant to SNAP regulations: submission of a SNAP petition, filing a SNAP/TSCA Addendum, notification for test marketing activity, recordkeeping for substitutes acceptable subject to use restrictions, and recordkeeping for small volume uses. The OMB control numbers for EPA's regulations are listed in 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.C.
   C. Regulatory Flexibility Act
The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) generally requires an agency to prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis of any rule subject to notice and comment rulemaking requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any other statute unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions. For purposes of assessing the impacts of this rule on small entities, small entity is defined as: (1) a small business as defined by the Small Business Administration's (SBA) regulations at 13 CFR 121.201; (2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, county, town, school district or special district with a population of less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field.
After considering the economic impacts of this proposed rule on small entities, I certify that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. In determining whether a rule has a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, the impact of concern is any significant adverse economic impact on small entities, since the primary purpose of the regulatory flexibility analyses is to identify and address regulatory alternatives "which minimize any significant economic impact of the rule on small entities." 5 U.S.C. 603 and 604. Thus, an agency may certify that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities if the rule relieves regulatory burden, or otherwise has a positive economic effect on all of the small entities subject to the rule. The use conditions of this proposed rule, if finalized, would apply to manufacturers of household and commercial refrigerators and freezers, vending machines, non-mechanical heat transfer equipment, very low temperature refrigeration equipment for laboratories and room air conditioners that choose to use these refrigerants. Today's action, if finalized, would allow equipment manufacturers the additional options of using ethane, HFC-32, isobutane, propane, and R-441A in the specified end-uses but does not mandate such use. Because refrigeration and air conditioning equipment for these refrigerants are not manufactured yet in the U.S. for the proposed end-uses (with the exception of limited test-marketing), no change in business practice would be required to meet the use conditions, resulting in no adverse impact compared to the absence of this rule. Proposed provisions that would allow venting of hydrocarbon refrigerants in the uses addressed by this rule would reduce regulatory burden. Thus, the rule would not impose any new costs on small entities if finalized as proposed. EPA continues to be interested in the potential impacts of the proposed rule on small entities and welcomes comments on issues related to such impacts.
   D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
This action contains no Federal mandates under the provisions of Title II of the Unfunded Mandate Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA), 2 U.S.C. 1531 - 1538 for State, local, or tribal governments or the private sector. This action imposes no enforceable duty on any State, local, or tribal governments or the private sector. The enforceable requirements of this proposed rule related to integrating risk mitigation devices, markings, and procedures for maintaining safety of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment using flammable refrigerants affect only a small number of manufacturers of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and their technicians. Therefore, this rule is not subject to the requirements of sections 202 and 205 of the UMRA. This action is also not subject to the requirements of section 203 of UMRA because it contains no regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect small governments. This regulation applies equipment manufacturers and not to governmental entities. Today's action, if finalized, would allow equipment manufacturers the additional options of using ethane, HFC-32, isobutane, propane, and R-441A in the specified end-uses. Because refrigeration and air conditioning equipment for these refrigerants are not manufactured yet in the U.S. for the proposed end-uses, no change in business practice would be required to meet the use conditions. This proposed rule does not mandate a switch to these substitutes; consequently, there is no direct economic impact on entities from this rulemaking.
   E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as specified in Executive Order 13132. This regulation applies directly to facilities that use these substances and not to governmental entities. Thus, Executive Order 13132 does not apply to this action. In the spirit of Executive Order 13132, and consistent with EPA policy to promote communications between EPA and State and local governments, EPA specifically solicits comments on this proposed action from State and local officials.
   F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments
This action does not have tribal implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000). It will not have substantial direct effects on tribal governments, on the relationship between the Federal government and Indian tribes, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities between the Federal government and Indian tribes, as specified in Executive Order 13175. EPA specifically solicits additional comment on this proposed action from tribal officials.
   G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks
This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) because it is not economically significant as defined in EO 12866, and because the Agency does not believe the environmental health or safety risks addressed by this action present a disproportionate risk to children. This proposed rule provides both regulatory restrictions and recommended guidelines based upon risk screens conducted in order to reduce risk of fire and explosion. This proposed rule, if finalized, would provide refrigerant substitutes that have no ODP and lower GWP than other substitutes currently listed as acceptable. The reduction in ODS and GHG emissions would assist in restoring the stratospheric ozone layer and provide climate benefits. The public is invited to submit comments or identify peer-reviewed studies and data that assess effects of early life exposure to the refrigerant substitutes addressed in this action.
   H. Executive Order 13211: Actions That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
This action is not a "significant energy action" as defined in Executive Order 13211, (66 FR 28355 (May 22, 2001)) because it is not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply, distribution, or use of energy. Preliminary information indicates that these new systems may be more energy efficient than currently available systems in some climates.
   I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 ("NTTAA"), Public Law 104 - 113, (15 U.S.C. 272 note) directs EPA to use voluntary consensus standards in its regulatory activities unless to do so would be inconsistent with applicable law or otherwise impractical. Voluntary consensus standards are technical standards (e.g., materials specifications, test methods, sampling procedures, and business practices) that are developed or adopted by voluntary consensus standards bodies. The NTTAA directs EPA to provide Congress, through OMB, explanations when the Agency decides not to use available and applicable voluntary consensus standards. This proposed rule involves technical standards. EPA proposes to use current editions of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) standards 250, 471, 541 and 484, which include requirements for safety and reliability for flammable refrigerants. This proposed rule regulates the safety and deployment of new substitutes for household and commercial refrigerators and freezers, vending machines, non-mechanical heat transfer equipment, very low temperature refrigeration equipment, and room air conditioners.
EPA welcomes comment on this aspect of the proposed rulemaking and, specifically invites the public to identify potentially applicable voluntary consensus standards and to explain why such standards should be used in this regulation.
   J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations
Executive Order (EO) 12898 (59 FR 7629 (Feb. 16, 1994)) establishes Federal executive policy on environmental justice. Its main provision directs Federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law, to make environmental justice part of their mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of their programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations in the United States.
EPA has determined that this proposed rule will not have disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority or low-income populations because it increases the level of human health and environmental protection for all affected populations without having any disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on any population, including any minority or low-income population. This proposed rule, if finalized, would provide refrigerant substitutes that have no ODP and lower GWP than other substitutes currently listed as acceptable. The reduction in ODS and GHG emissions would assist in restoring the stratospheric ozone layer and provide climate benefits.
   IX. References
      This preamble references the following documents, which are also in the Air Docket at the address listed in Section I.B.1. Unless specified otherwise, all documents are available electronically through the Federal Docket Management System, Docket # EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0748.
      Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), 2012. AHRI Guideline N-2012: Assignment of Refrigerant Container Colors. 2012.
      ASHRAE, 2010. American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Standard 34-2010 (supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2007): Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. 2010.
      A.S. Trust & Holdings, 2012. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program Submission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for R-441A in retail food refrigeration.
      A/S Vestfrost, 2012. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program Submission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for isobutane in retail food refrigeration.
      Climate Action Plan (CAP), 2013. The President's Climate Action Plan. Executive Office of the President. June, 2013. Available online at www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf.
      CAP Website, 2013. Climate Change and President Obama's Action Plan. June, 2013. Available online at www.whitehouse.gov/share/climate-action-plan
      Chinese Household Electrical Appliance Association (CHEAA), 2013. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program Submission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for Propane (R-290) in residential and light commercial air conditioning and dehumidifiers. Daikin, 2011. Significant New Alternatives Policy Program Submission to the United States Environmental Protection Agency for HFC-32 in residential and light commercial air conditioning.
      EPA, 2013. Derivation of Charge Limits for Room Air Conditioners. Staff memo to Air Docket. 2013.
      ICF, 2013a. Assessment of the Potential Impact of Hydrocarbon Refrigerants on Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations.
      ICF, 2013b. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12, HCFC-22 and R-502 in Retail Food Refrigeration; Substitute: Isobutane (R-600a)
      ICF, 2013c. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12, HCFC-22 and R-502 in Retail Food Refrigeration; Substitute: R-441A
      ICF, 2013d. Risk Screen on Substitute for CFC-12, CFC-13, R-13B1, and R-503 in Very Low Temperature Refrigeration and Non-Mechanical Heat Transfer; Substitute: Ethane (R-170)
      ICF, 2013e. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and R-502 in Vending Machines; Substitute: R-441A
      ICF, 2013f. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and R-502 in Vending Machines; Substitute: Isobutane (R-600a)
      ICF, 2013g. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and R-502 in Vending Machines; Substitute: R-290 (Propane)
      ICF, 2013h. Risk Screen on Substitutes for CFC-12 and HCFC-22 in Household Refrigerators and Household Freezers.; Substitute: Propane (R-290).
      ICF, 2013i. Risk Screen on Substitutes for HCFC-22 in Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps; Substitute: R-290 (Propane)
      ICF, 2013j. Risk Screen on Substitutes for HCFC-22 in Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps; Substitute: HFC-32 (Difluoromethane)
      ICF, 2013k.Risk Screen on Substitutes for HCFC-22 in Residential and Light Commercial Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps; Substitute: R-441A
      IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html
      Montzka, S.A., 2012. HFCs in the Atmosphere: Concentrations, Emissions and Impacts, ASHRAE/NIST Conference 2012.
      NOAA, 2013. NOAA emissions data on HFCs. Available online at ftp://ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/hats/hfcs/.
      ORNL, 1997. J. Sand, S. Fischer, and V. Baxter, "Energy and Global Warming Impacts of HFC Refrigerants and Emerging Technologies," 1997, Oak Ridge National Lab.
      Sheldon, 1989.  Sheldon, L.S., et al. 1989. "An Investigation of Infiltration and Indoor Air Quality."  New York State Energy Research & Development Authority, Report 90-11. As cited in ICF, 2013h, Risk screen for propane in household refrigerators and freezers.
      Underwriters Laboratories (UL), 2000. UL 250: Household Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. August 2000.
      UL, 2010. UL 471. Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition. Supplement SB: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. November 2010.
      UL, 2011. UL 541. Refrigerated Vending Machines. 7[th] Edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Room Air Conditioners Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. December 2011.
      UL, 2012. UL 484. Room Air Conditioners. 8[th] Edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerated Venders Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. August 2012.
Protection of Stratospheric Ozone:  Listing of Substitutes for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning and Revision of the Venting Prohibition for Certain Refrigerant Substitutes
                                 Proposed Rule
                                 Page 76 of 89

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82
	Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Recycling, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Stratospheric ozone layer.

DATED:

Gina McCarthy,
Administrator.

For the reasons stated in the preamble, 40 CFR part 82 is proposed to be amended as follows:
PART 82 - PROTECTION OF STRATOSPHERIC OZONE
1. The authority citation for part 82 continues to read as follows:
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7414, 7601, 7671 - 7671q.
Subpart G  -  Significant New Alternatives Policy Program
2. Subpart G is amended by revising Appendix R to read as follows:
Appendix R to subpart G of part 82- Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions Listed in the December 20, 2011, final rule, Effective February 21, 2012, and in the [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER] final rule, Effective [INSERT DATE 60 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER].

            SUBSTITUTES THAT ARE ACCEPTABLE SUBJECT TO USE CONDITIONS
End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers

(New equipment only)

Isobutane (R-600a)
Propane (R-290)
R-441A

Acceptable Subject To Use Conditions
These refrigerants may be used only in new equipment designed specifically and clearly identified for the refrigerant (i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or "retrofit" refrigerant for existing equipment designed for a different refrigerant).

These refrigerants may be used only in a refrigerator or freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer, that meets all requirements listed in Supplement SA to the 10[th] edition of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard for Household Refrigerators and Freezers, UL 250, dated 1993 updated August 2000. In cases where the final rule includes requirements more stringent than those of the 10[th] edition of UL 250, the appliance must meet the requirements of the final rule in place of the requirements in the UL Standard.

The quantity of the substitute refrigerant (i.e., "charge size") must not exceed 57 grams (2.0 ounces) in any refrigerator, freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer for each circuit.

Applicable OSHA requirements at 29 CFR part 1910 must be followed, including those at 29 CFR 1910.106 (flammable and combustible liquids), 1910.110 (storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases), 1910.157 (portable fire extinguishers), and 1910.1000 (toxic and hazardous substances).
Proper ventilation should be maintained at all times during the manufacture and storage of equipment containing hydrocarbon refrigerants through adherence to good manufacturing practices as per 29 CFR 1910.106. If refrigerant levels in the air surrounding the equipment rise above one-fourth of the lower flammability limit, the space should be evacuated and re-entry should occur only after the space has been properly ventilated.
Technicians and equipment manufacturers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical goggles and protective gloves, when handling these refrigerants. Special care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin since these refrigerants, like many refrigerants, can cause freeze burns on the skin.
A class B dry powder type fire extinguisher should be kept nearby.
Technicians should only use spark-proof tools when working on refrigerators and freezers with these refrigerants.
Any recovery equipment used should be designed for flammable refrigerants.
Any refrigerant releases should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building.
Only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerants should service refrigerators and freezers containing these refrigerants. Technicians should gain an understanding of minimizing the risk of fire and the steps to use flammable refrigerants safely.

End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers

(New equipment only)

Isobutane (R-600a)
Propane (R-290)
R-441A

Acceptable Subject To Use Conditions
As provided in clauses SA6.1.1 and SA6.1.2 of UL Standard 250, the following markings must be attached at the locations provided and must be permanent:
(a) On or near any evaporators that can be contacted by the consumer: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Do Not Use Mechanical Devices To Defrost Refrigerator. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(b) Near the machine compartment: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. To Be Repaired Only By Trained Service Personnel. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(c) Near the machine compartment: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Consult Repair Manual/Owner's Guide Before Attempting To Service This Product. All Safety Precautions Must Be Followed."
(d) On the exterior of the refrigerator: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Dispose of Properly In Accordance With Federal Or Local Regulations. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
(e) Near any and all exposed refrigerant tubing: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion Due To Puncture Of Refrigerant Tubing; Follow Handling Instructions Carefully. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
All of these markings must be in letters no less than 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) high.
The refrigerator, freezer, or combination refrigerator and freezer must have red, Pantone(R) Matching System (PMS) #185 marked pipes, hoses, or other devices through which the refrigerant is serviced (typically known as the service port) to indicate the use of a flammable refrigerant. This color must be present at all service ports and where service puncturing or otherwise creating an opening from the refrigerant circuit to the atmosphere might be expected (e.g., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the compressor and must be replaced if removed.
Room occupants should evacuate the space immediately following the accidental release of this refrigerant.
If a service port is added then household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerator and freezers using these refrigerants should have service aperture fittings that differ from fittings used in equipment or containers using non-flammable refrigerant. "Differ" means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left-handed). These different fittings should be permanently affixed to the unit at the point of service and maintained until the end-of-life of the unit, and should not be accessed with an adaptor.
Retail food refrigerators and freezers (stand-alone units only)

(New equipment only)
Isobutane (R-600a)
Propane (R-290)
R-441A
Acceptable subject to use conditions
These refrigerants may be used only in new equipment specifically designed and clearly identified for the refrigerants (i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or "retrofit" refrigerant for existing equipment designed for other refrigerants).

These substitutes may only be used in equipment that meets all requirements in Supplement SB to the 10[th] edition of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard for Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers, UL 471, dated November 2010. In cases where the final rule includes requirements more stringent than those of the 10[th] edition of UL 471, the appliance must meet the requirements of the final rule in place of the requirements in the UL Standard.

The charge size for the retail food refrigerator or freezer must not exceed 150 grams (5.3 ounces) in each circuit.

Applicable OSHA requirements at 29 CFR part 1910 must be followed, including those at 29 CFR 1910.94 (ventilation) and 1910.106 (flammable and combustible liquids), 1910.110 (storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases), and 1910.1000 (toxic and hazardous substances).
Proper ventilation should be maintained at all times during the manufacture and storage of equipment containing hydrocarbon refrigerants through adherence to good manufacturing practices as per 29 CFR 1910.106. If refrigerant levels in the air surrounding the equipment rise above one-fourth of the lower flammability limit, the space should be evacuated and re-entry should occur only after the space has been properly ventilated.
Technicians and equipment manufacturers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical goggles and protective gloves, when handling these refrigerants. Special care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin since these refrigerants, like many refrigerants, can cause freeze burns on the skin.
A class B dry powder type fire extinguisher should be kept nearby.
Technicians should only use spark-proof tools when working on refrigerators and freezers with these refrigerants.
Any recovery equipment used should be designed for flammable refrigerants.
Any refrigerant releases should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building.
Only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerants should service refrigerators and freezers containing these refrigerants. Technicians should gain an understanding of minimizing the risk of fire and the steps to use flammable refrigerants safely.

End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Retail food refrigerators and freezers (stand-alone units only)

(New equipment only)
Isobutane (R-600a)
Propane (R-290)
R-441A

Acceptable subject to use conditions
As provided in clauses SB6.1.2 to SB6.1.5 of UL Standard 471, the following markings must be attached at the locations provided and must be permanent:
(a) Attach on or near any evaporators that can be contacted by the consumer: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Do Not Use Mechanical Devices To Defrost Refrigerator. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(b) Attach near the machine compartment: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. To Be Repaired Only By Trained Service Personnel. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(c) Attach near the machine compartment: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Consult Repair Manual/Owner's Guide Before Attempting To Service This Product. All Safety Precautions Must be Followed."
(d) Attach on the exterior of the refrigerator: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Dispose of Properly In Accordance With Federal Or Local Regulations. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
(e) Attach near any and all exposed refrigerant tubing: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion Due To Puncture Of Refrigerant Tubing; Follow Handling Instructions Carefully. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
All of these markings must be in letters no less than 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) high.
The refrigerator or freezer must have red, Pantone(R) Matching System (PMS) #185 marked pipes, hoses, and other devices through which the refrigerant is serviced, typically known as the service port, to indicate the use of a flammable refrigerant. This color must be present at all service ports and where service puncturing or otherwise creating an opening from the refrigerant circuit to the atmosphere might be expected (e.g., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the compressor and must be replaced if removed.
Room occupants should evacuate the space immediately following the accidental release of this refrigerant.
If a service port is added then retail food refrigerators and freezers using these refrigerants should have service aperture fittings that differ from fittings used in equipment or containers using non-flammable refrigerant. "Differ" means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left-handed). These different fittings should be permanently affixed to the unit at the point of service and maintained until the end-of-life of the unit, and should not be accessed with an adaptor.

End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Very low temperature refrigeration
Non-mechanical heat transfer

(New equipment only)
Ethane (R-170)
Acceptable subject to use conditions
This refrigerant may be used only in new equipment specifically designed and clearly identified for the refrigerant (i.e., the substitute may not be used as a conversion or "retrofit" refrigerant for existing equipment designed for other refrigerants).

These substitutes may only be used in equipment that meets all requirements in Supplement SB to the 10[th] edition of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard for Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers, UL 471, dated November 2010. In cases where the final rule includes requirements more stringent than those of the 10[th] edition of UL 471, the appliance must meet the requirements of the final rule in place of the requirements in the UL Standard.

The charge size for the retail food refrigerator or freezer must not exceed 150 grams (5.3 ounces) in each circuit.

Applicable OSHA requirements at 29 CFR part 1910 must be followed, including those at 29 CFR 1910.94 (ventilation) and 1910.106 (flammable and combustible liquids), 1910.110 (storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases), and 1910.1000 (toxic and hazardous substances).

Proper ventilation should be maintained at all times during the manufacture and storage of equipment containing hydrocarbon refrigerants through adherence to good manufacturing practices as per 29 CFR 1910.106. If refrigerant levels in the air surrounding the equipment rise above one-fourth of the lower flammability limit, the space should be evacuated and re-entry should occur only after the space has been properly ventilated.

Technicians and equipment manufacturers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical goggles and protective gloves, when handling ethane. Special care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin since ethane, like many refrigerants, can cause freeze burns on the skin.
A class B dry powder type fire extinguisher should be kept nearby.
Technicians should only use spark-proof tools when working on refrigerators and freezers with flammable refrigerants.
Any recovery equipment used should be designed for flammable refrigerants.
Any refrigerant releases should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building.
Only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerants should service refrigerators and freezers containing these refrigerants. Technicians should gain an understanding of minimizing the risk of fire and the steps to use flammable refrigerants safely.

End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Very low temperature refrigeration
Non-mechanical heat transfer

(New equipment only)
Ethane (R-170)
Acceptable subject to use conditions
As provided in clauses SB6.1.2 to SB6.1.5 of UL Standard 471, the following markings must be attached at the locations provided and must be permanent:
(a) Attach on or near any evaporators that can be contacted by the consumer: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Do Not Use Mechanical Devices To Defrost Refrigerator. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(b) Attach near the machine compartment: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. To Be Repaired Only By Trained Service Personnel. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(c) Attach near the machine compartment: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Consult Repair Manual/Owner's Guide Before Attempting To Service This Product. All Safety Precautions Must be Followed."
(d) Attach on the exterior of the refrigerator: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Dispose of Properly In Accordance With Federal Or Local Regulations. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
(e) Attach near any and all exposed refrigerant tubing: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion Due To Puncture Of Refrigerant Tubing; Follow Handling Instructions Carefully. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
All of these markings must be in letters no less than 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) high.
The refrigeration equipment must have red, Pantone(R) Matching System (PMS) #185 marked pipes, hoses, and other devices through which the refrigerant is serviced, typically known as the service port, to indicate the use of a flammable refrigerant. This color must be present at all service ports and where service puncturing or otherwise creating an opening from the refrigerant circuit to the atmosphere might be expected (e.g., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the compressor and must be replaced if removed.
Room occupants should evacuate the space immediately following the accidental release of this refrigerant.
If a service port is added then refrigeration equipment using this refrigerant should have service aperture fittings that differ from fittings used in equipment or containers using non-flammable refrigerant. "Differ" means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left-handed). These different fittings should be permanently affixed to the unit at the point of service and maintained until the end-of-life of the unit, and should not be accessed with an adaptor.
Example of non-mechanical heat transfer using this refrigerant would be use in a secondary loop of a thermosiphon.
End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Vending Machines
(New equipment only)
Isobutane (R-600a)
Propane (R-290)
R-441A
Acceptable subject to use conditions
These refrigerants may be used only in new equipment specifically designed and clearly identified for the refrigerants (i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or "retrofit" refrigerant for existing equipment designed for other refrigerants).

Where it is possible to easily detach and replace the old refrigeration circuit from the outer casing of the equipment. with a new one containing a new evaporator, condenser and refrigerant tubing within the old casing , this is considered "new" equipment and not a retrofit of the old, existing equipment.
These substitutes may only be used in equipment that meets all requirements in Supplement SA to the 7[th] edition of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard for Refrigerated Vending Machines, UL 541, dated December, 2011. In cases where the final rule includes requirements more stringent than those of the 10[th] edition of UL 471, the appliance must meet the requirements of the final rule in place of the requirements in the UL Standard.
The charge size for the refrigeration equipment shall not exceed 150 grams (5.3 ounces) in each circuit.

Applicable OSHA requirements at 29 CFR part 1910 must be followed, including those at 29 CFR 1910.94 (ventilation) and 1910.106 (flammable and combustible liquids), 1910.110 (storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases), and 1910.1000 (toxic and hazardous substances).

Proper ventilation should be maintained at all times during the manufacture and storage of equipment containing hydrocarbon refrigerants through adherence to good manufacturing practices as per 29 CFR 1910.106. If refrigerant levels in the air surrounding the equipment rise above one-fourth of the lower flammability limit, the space should be evacuated and re-entry should occur only after the space has been properly ventilated.
Technicians and equipment manufacturers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical goggles and protective gloves, when handling propane. Special care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin since ethane, like many refrigerants, can cause freeze burns on the skin.
A class B dry powder type fire extinguisher should be kept nearby.
Technicians should only use spark-proof tools when working on refrigeration equipment with flammable refrigerants.
Any recovery equipment used should be designed for flammable refrigerants.
Any refrigerant releases should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building.
Only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerants should service refrigeration equipment containing this refrigerant. Technicians should gain an understanding of minimizing the risk of fire and the steps to use flammable refrigerants safely.

End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Residential and light-commercial air conditioning and heat pumps -- self-contained room air conditioners only
(New equipment only)
HFC-32
Propane (R-290)
R-441A

Acceptable subject to use conditions
These refrigerants may be used only in new equipment specifically designed and clearly identified for the refrigerants (i.e., none of these substitutes may be used as a conversion or "retrofit" refrigerant for existing equipment designed for other refrigerants).
These substitutes may only be used in equipment that meets all requirements in Supplement SA to the 8[th] edition of the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard for Room Air Conditioners, UL 484, dated August 2012. In cases where the final rule includes requirements more stringent than those of the 8[th] edition of UL 484, the appliance must meet the requirements of the final rule in place of the requirements in the UL Standard.
The charge size for the entire air conditioner must not exceed the maximum refrigerant mass determined according to Appendix F of UL 484, 8[th] edition for the room size where the air conditioner is used. The charge size for these three refrigerants must in no case exceed 7979 g (281.5 oz or 17.59 lb) of HFC-32; 986 g (34.8 oz or 2.17 lbs) of propane; or 1000 g (35.3 oz or 2.21 lb) of R-441A. The manufacturer must design a charge size for the entire air conditioner that does not exceed the amount specified for the unit's cooling capacity, as specified in Table A, B, C, or D of this appendix
Applicable OSHA requirements at 29 CFR part 1910 must be followed, including those at 29 CFR 1910.94 (ventilation) and 1910.106 (flammable and combustible liquids), 1910.110 (storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases), and 1910.1000 (toxic and hazardous substances).
Proper ventilation should be maintained at all times during the manufacture and storage of equipment containing hydrocarbon refrigerants through adherence to good manufacturing practices as per 29 CFR 1910.106. If refrigerant levels in the air surrounding the equipment rise above one-fourth of the lower flammability limit, the space should be evacuated and re-entry should occur only after the space has been properly ventilated.
Technicians and equipment manufacturers should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including chemical goggles and protective gloves, when handling propane. Special care should be taken to avoid contact with the skin since propane, like many refrigerants, can cause freeze burns on the skin.
A class B dry powder type fire extinguisher should be kept nearby.
Technicians should only use spark-proof tools when working on air conditioning equipment with flammable refrigerants.
 Any recovery equipment used should be designed for flammable refrigerants.
Any refrigerant releases should be in a well-ventilated area, such as outside of a building.
Only technicians specifically trained in handling flammable refrigerants should service refrigeration equipment containing this refrigerant. Technicians should gain an understanding of minimizing the risk of fire and the steps to use flammable refrigerants safely.

End-use
Substitute
Decision
Use Conditions
Further Information
Residential and light-commercial air conditioning and heat pumps -- self-contained room air conditioners only
(New equipment only)
HFC-32
Propane (R-290)
R-441A

Acceptable subject to use conditions
As provided in clauses SA6.1.2 to SA6.1.5 of UL Standard 484, the following markings must be attached at the locations provided and must be permanent:
(a)  On the outside of the air conditioner: "DANGER- Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. To Be Repaired Only By Trained Service Personnel. Do Not Puncture Refrigerant Tubing."
(b)  On the outside of the air conditioner: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Dispose of Properly In Accordance With Federal Or Local Regulations. Flammable Refrigerant Used."
(c)  On the inside of the air conditioner near the compressor: "CAUTION - Risk of Fire or Explosion. Flammable Refrigerant Used. Consult Repair Manual/Owner's Guide Before Attempting To Service This Product. All Safety Precautions Must be Followed."
 (d) On the outside of each portable air conditioner: "WARNING: Appliance hall be installed, operated and stored in a room with a floor area larger the "X" m[2] (Y ft[2])." The value "X" on the label must be determined using the minimum room size in m[2] calculated using Appendix F of UL 484. For R-441A, use a lower flammability limit of 0.041 kg/m[3] and for R-443A use a lower flammability limit of 0.036 kg/m3 n calculations in Appendix F of UL 484.
(e) All of these markings must be in letters no less than 6.4 mm (1/4 inch) high.
The air conditioning equipment must have red, Pantone(R) Matching System (PMS) #185 marked pipes, hoses, and other devices through which the refrigerant is serviced, typically known as the service port, to indicate the use of a flammable refrigerant. This color must be present at all service ports and where service puncturing or otherwise creating an opening from the refrigerant circuit to the atmosphere might be expected (e.g., process tubes). The color mark must extend at least 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) from the compressor and must be replaced if removed.
Room occupants should evacuate the space immediately following the accidental release of this refrigerant.

If a service port is added then air conditioning equipment using this refrigerant should have service aperture fittings that differ from fittings used in equipment or containers using non-flammable refrigerant. "Differ" means that either the diameter differs by at least 1/16 inch or the thread direction is reversed (i.e., right-handed vs. left-handed). These different fittings should be permanently affixed to the unit at the point of service and maintained until the end-of-life of the unit, and should not be accessed with an adaptor.

Air conditioning equipment in this category includes:
Window air conditioning units
Portable room air conditioners
Packaged terminal air conditioners and heat pumps

   Note: The use conditions in this appendix contain references to certain standards from Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL). The standards are incorporated by reference, and the referenced sections are made part of the regulations in part 82:
   1. 	UL 250: Household Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. August 25, 2000.
   2. 	UL 471. Commercial Refrigerators and Freezers. 10th edition. Supplement SB: Requirements for Refrigerators and Freezers Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. November 24, 2010.
         3.    UL 541. Refrigerated Vending Machines. 7[th] Edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Room Air Conditioners Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. December 2011
         4.    UL 484. Room Air Conditioners. 8[th] Edition. Supplement SA: Requirements for Refrigerated Venders Employing a Flammable Refrigerant in the Refrigerating System. August 2012.
   	The Director of the Federal Register approves this incorporation by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of UL Standards 250, 471, 484 and 541 may be purchased by mail at: COMM 2000; 151 Eastern Avenue; Bensenville, IL  60106; Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Telephone: 1-888-853-3503 in the U.S. or Canada (other countries dial +1-415-352-2168); Internet address: http://ulstandardsinfonet.ul.com/ or www.comm-2000.com.
   	You may inspect a copy at U.S. EPA's Air and Radiation Docket; EPA West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington DC or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For questions regarding access to these standards, the telephone number of EPA's Air and Radiation Docket is<PHONE_NUMBER>. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.

        Table A Maximum Design Charge Sizes for Window Air Conditioners

Refrigerant
                        Maximum design charge size (kg)

                     Associated cooling capacity (BTU/hr)

                                                                          5,000
                                                                          6,000
                                                                          7,000
                                                                          8,000
                                                                          9,000
                                                                         10,000
                                                                         12,000
                                                                         14,000
                                                                         18,000
                                                                         21,000
                                                                         23,000
                                                                         24,000
                                                                         30,000
                                                                         34,000
R-32
                                                                           1.73
                                                                           2.12
                                                                           2.74
                                                                           3.00
                                                                           3.24
                                                                           3.47
                                                                           3.68
                                                                           4.07
                                                                           4.59
                                                                           5.48
                                                                           6.01
                                                                           6.49
                                                                           6.72
                                                                           7.76
R-290
                                                                           0.13
                                                                           0.16
                                                                           0.20
                                                                           0.22
                                                                           0.24
                                                                           0.26
                                                                           0.27
                                                                           0.30
                                                                           0.34
                                                                           0.40
                                                                           0.44
                                                                           0.48
                                                                           0.50
                                                                           0.57
R-441A
                                                                           0.14
                                                                           0.17
                                                                           0.22
                                                                           0.24
                                                                           0.26
                                                                           0.28
                                                                           0.30
                                                                           0.33
                                                                           0.37
                                                                           0.44
                                                                           0.49
                                                                           0.53
                                                                           0.54
                                                                           0.63
      Note: For use with self-contained air conditioning units or heat pumps with an evaporator at least 0.6 and no more than 1.0 m above the floor. Cooling capacities between those in the table are to be linearly interpolated between the next smaller and larger capacities listed in the table.

 Table B. Maximum Design Charge Sizes for Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners,
       Packaged Terminal Heat Pumps, and Portable Air Conditioning Units

Refrigerant
                        Maximum design charge size (kg)

                     Associated cooling capacity (BTU/hr)

                                                                          5,000
                                                                          6,000
                                                                          7,000
                                                                          8,000
                                                                          9,000
                                                                         10,000
                                                                         12,000
                                                                         14,000
                                                                         18,000
                                                                         21,000
                                                                         23,000
                                                                         24,000
                                                                         30,000
                                                                         34,000
R-32
                                                                           1.04
                                                                           1.27
                                                                           1.65
                                                                           1.80
                                                                           1.95
                                                                           2.08
                                                                           2.21
                                                                           2.44
                                                                           2.75
                                                                           3.29
                                                                           3.60
                                                                           3.89
                                                                           4.03
                                                                           4.65
R-290
                                                                           0.08
                                                                           0.09
                                                                           0.12
                                                                           0.13
                                                                           0.14
                                                                           0.15
                                                                           0.16
                                                                           0.18
                                                                           0.20
                                                                           0.24
                                                                           0.27
                                                                           0.29
                                                                           0.30
                                                                           0.34
R-441A
                                                                           0.08
                                                                           0.10
                                                                           0.13
                                                                           0.15
                                                                           0.16
                                                                           0.17
                                                                           0.18
                                                                           0.20
                                                                           0.22
                                                                           0.27
                                                                           0.29
                                                                           0.32
                                                                           0.33
                                                                           0.38
      Note: For use with self-contained air conditioning units or heat pumps with an evaporator no more than 0.6 m above the floor. Cooling capacities between those in the table are to be linearly interpolated between the next smaller and larger capacities listed in the table.

       Table C. Maximum Design Charge Sizes for Wall-Mounted AC Units

                                 Refrigerant
                       Maximum Design Charge Size (kg)

                         Associated capacity (BTU/hr)

                                                                          5,000
                                                                          6,000
                                                                          7,000
                                                                          8,000
                                                                          9,000
                                                                         10,000
                                                                         12,000
                                                                         14,000
                                                                         18,000
                                                                         21,000
                                                                         23,000
                                                                         24,000
                                                                         30,000
                                                                         34,000
R-32
                                                                           3.12
                                                                           3.82
                                                                           4.94
                                                                           5.41
                                                                           5.84
                                                                           6.24
                                                                           6.62
                                                                           7.32
                                                                           8.26
                                                                           9.87
                                                                          10.81
                                                                          11.68
                                                                          12.09
                                                                          13.96
R-290
                                                                           0.23
                                                                           0.28
                                                                           0.36
                                                                           0.40
                                                                           0.43
                                                                           0.46
                                                                           0.49
                                                                           0.54
                                                                           0.61
                                                                           0.73
                                                                           0.80
                                                                           0.86
                                                                           0.89
                                                                           1.03
R-441A
                                                                           0.25
                                                                           0.31
                                                                           0.40
                                                                           0.44
                                                                           0.47
                                                                           0.51
                                                                           0.54
                                                                           0.59
                                                                           0.67
                                                                           0.80
                                                                           0.88
                                                                           0.95
                                                                           0.98
                                                                           1.13
      Note: For use with self-contained air conditioners or heat pumps with an evaporator at least 1.0 and no more than 1.8 m above the floor. Cooling capacities between those in the table are to be linearly interpolated between the next smaller and larger capacities listed in the table.

      Table D. Maximum Design Charge Sizes for Ceiling-Mounted AC Units:

                                 Refrigerant

                        Maximum Design Charge Size (kg)

                         Associated capacity (BTU/hr)

                                                                          5,000
                                                                          6,000
                                                                          7,000
                                                                          8,000
                                                                          9,000
                                                                         10,000
                                                                         12,000
                                                                         14,000
                                                                         18,000
                                                                         21,000
                                                                         23,000
                                                                         24,000
                                                                         30,000
                                                                         34,000
R-32
                                                                           3.82
                                                                           4.67
                                                                           6.03
                                                                           6.61
                                                                           7.14
                                                                           7.63
                                                                           8.09
                                                                           8.95
                                                                          10.09
                                                                          12.07
                                                                          13.22
                                                                          14.28
                                                                          14.78
                                                                          17.06
R-290
                                                                           0.28
                                                                           0.34
                                                                           0.44
                                                                           0.49
                                                                           0.53
                                                                           0.56
                                                                           0.60
                                                                           0.66
                                                                           0.74
                                                                           0.89
                                                                           0.97
                                                                           1.05
                                                                           1.09
                                                                           1.26
R-441A
                                                                           0.31
                                                                           0.38
                                                                           0.49
                                                                           0.54
                                                                           0.58
                                                                           0.62
                                                                           0.66
                                                                           0.73
                                                                           0.82
                                                                           0.98
                                                                           1.07
                                                                           1.16
                                                                           1.20
                                                                           1.38
      Note: For use with self-contained air conditioners or heat pumps with an evaporator more than 1.8 m above the floor. Cooling capacities between those in the table are to be linearly interpolated between the next smaller and larger capacities listed in the table.

3. Amend Section 82.154 by adding section viii to paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:
§ 82.154 Prohibitions.
(a)(1) * * *
 (viii) Effective [INSERT DATE 60 DAYS AFTER PUBLICATION OF FINAL RULE IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER], isobutane (R-600a) and R-441A as substitutes in retail food refrigerators and freezers (stand-alone units only); propane (R-290) as a substitute in household refrigerators, freezers, and combination refrigerators and freezers; ethane (R-170) as a substitute in very low temperature refrigeration equipment and equipment for non-mechanical heat transfer; R-441A, propane and isobutane as substitutes in vending machines; and propane, and R-441A in self-contained room air conditioners for residential and light commercial air conditioning and heat pumps.
*   *   *   *  *


[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 198 (Wednesday, October 14, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Page 61816]
[FR Doc No: 2015-26141]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[FRL-9935-77-OAR]

Meeting of the Mobile Sources Technical Review Subcommittee

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice of meeting.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: Pursuant to the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law 92-
463, notice is hereby given that the Mobile Sources Technical Review
Subcommittee (MSTRS) will meet on December 3, 2015. The MSTRS is a
subcommittee under the Clean Air Act Advisory Committee. This is an
open meeting. The meeting will include discussion of current topics and
presentations about activities being conducted by EPA's Office of
Transportation and Air Quality. The preliminary agenda for the meeting
and any notices about change in venue will be posted on the
Subcommittee's Web site: http://www2.epa.gov/caaac/mobile-sources-technical-review-subcommittee-mstrs-caaac. MSTRS listserv subscribers
will receive notification when the agenda is available on the
Subcommittee Web site. To subscribe to the MSTRS listserv, send an
email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
DATES: Tuesday, December 3, 2015 from 9:00 a.m. to 3:15 p.m.
Registration begins at 8:30 a.m.

ADDRESSES: The meeting is currently scheduled to be held at the Port of
Long Beach Maintenance Yard, 725 Harbor Plaza, Long Beach, CA 90802.
However, this date and location are subject to change and interested
parties should monitor the Subcommittee Web site (above) for the latest
logistical information.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elizabeth Etchells, Designated Federal
Officer, Transportation and Climate Division, Mailcode 6406A, U.S. EPA,
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460; Ph:<PHONE_NUMBER>;
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>    Background on the work of the Subcommittee is available at: http://www2.epa.gov/caaac/mobile-sources-technical-review-subcommittee-mstrs-caaac. Individuals or organizations wishing to provide comments to the
Subcommittee should submit them to Ms. Etchells at the address above by
November 20, 2015. The Subcommittee expects that public statements
presented at its meetings will not be repetitive of previously
submitted oral or written statements.
    Supplementary: During the meeting, the Subcommittee may also hear
progress reports from some of its workgroups as well as updates and
announcements on activities of general interest to attendees.
    For Individuals With Disabilities: For information on access or
services for individuals with disabilities, please contact Ms. Etchells
(see above). To request accommodation of a disability, please contact
Ms. Etchells, preferably at least 10 days prior to the meeting, to give
EPA as much time as possible to process your request.

    Dated: October 6, 2015.
Christopher Grundler,
Director, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air and
Radiation.
[FR Doc. 2015-26141 Filed 10-13-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


[Federal Register Volume 87, Number 211 (Wednesday, November 2, 2022)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Page 66086]
[FR Doc No: 2022-23719]

=======================================================================
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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

Coast Guard

33 CFR Part 165

[Docket No. USCG-2022-0859]

Safety Zones; Fireworks Displays in the Fifth Coast Guard
District

AGENCY: Coast Guard, Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

ACTION: Notification of enforcement of regulation.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Coast Guard will enforce the Delaware River, Philadelphia,
PA; Safety Zone from 9:15 p.m. through 10 p.m. on November 12, 2022, to
provide for the safety of life on navigable waterways during a barge-
based fireworks display. Our regulation for marine events within the
Fifth Coast Guard District identifies the regulated area for this event
in Philadelphia, PA. During the enforcement period, the operator of any
vessel in the regulated area must comply with directions from the
Patrol Commander or any Official Patrol displaying a Coast Guard
ensign.

DATES: The regulation 33 CFR 165.506 will be enforced for the location
identified in entry 10 of table 1 to paragraph (h)(1) from 9:15 p.m.
through 10 p.m. on November 12, 2022.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If you have questions about this
notification of enforcement, you may call or email Petty Officer Dylan
Caikowski, U.S. Coast Guard, Sector Delaware Bay, Waterways Management
Division, telephone<PHONE_NUMBER>, email [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Coast Guard will enforce the safety zone
in table 1 to paragraph (h)(1) to 33 CFR 165.506, entry No. 10 for a
barge based fireworks display from 9:15 p.m. through 10 p.m. on
November 12, 2022. This action is necessary to ensure safety of life on
the navigable waters of the United States immediately prior to, during,
and immediately after a fireworks display. Our regulation for safety
zones of fireworks displays within the Fifth Coast Guard District,
table 1 to paragraph (h)(1) to 33 CFR 165.506, entry 10 specifies the
location of the regulated area as all waters of the Delaware River,
adjacent to Penn's Landing, Philadelphia, PA, within a 500-yard radius
of the fireworks barge position. The approximate position for the
display is latitude 39[deg]57'39'' N, longitude 075[deg]07'45'' W.
During the enforcement period, as reflected in Sec.  165.506(d),
vessels may not enter, remain in, or transit through the safety zone
unless authorized by the Captain of the Port or designated Coast Guard
patrol personnel on-scene.
    In addition to this notification of enforcement in the Federal
Register, the Coast Guard will provide notification of this enforcement
period via broadcast notice to mariners.

    Dated: October 26, 2022.
Jonathan D. Theel,
Captain, U.S. Coast Guard, Captain of the Port Delaware Bay.
[FR Doc. 2022-23719 Filed 11-1-22; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9110-04-P


[Federal Register: October 17, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 200)]
[Notices]
[Page 58929]
[DOCID:fr17oc07-128]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

Availability of Grant Program Funds for Commercial Driver's
License Program Improvements

AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration announces the
availability of Commercial Driver's License Program Improvement (CDLPI)
grant funding as authorized by Section 4124 of the Safe, Accountable,
Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
(SAFETEA-LU). The program is a discretionary grant program that
provides funding for improving States' implementation of the Commercial
Driver's License (CDL) program, including expenses for computer
hardware and software, publications, testing, personnel, training, and
quality control. Grants to bring States into compliance with the
requirements in 49 CFR parts 383 and 384 will receive priority. Grants
made under this program may not be used to rent, lease, or buy land or
buildings. The agency in each State designated as the primary driver
licensing agency responsible for the development, implementation, and
maintenance of the CDL program is eligible to apply for grant funding.
To apply for funding, applicants must register with the grants.gov Web
site (http://www.grants.gov/applicants/get_registered.jsp) and submit

an application in accordance with instructions provided. Applications
for grant funding must be submitted electronically to the FMCSA through
the grants.gov Web site.

DATES: FMCSA will initially consider funding for applications submitted
by January 8, 2008, by qualified applicants. If additional funding
remains available, applications submitted after January 8, 2008, will
be considered on a case-by-case basis. Funds will not be available for
allocation until fiscal year 2008 appropriations legislation is passed
and signed into law.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Visit http://www.grants.gov.

Information on the grant, application process, and additional contact
information is available at that Web site. General information about
the CDLPI grant is available in The Catalog of Federal Domestic
Assistance (CFDA) which can be found on the Internet at http://www.cfda.gov.
 The CFDA number for CDLPI is 20.232. You may also contact

Mr. James Davis, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Office of
Safety Programs, Commercial Driver's License Division (MC-ESL), 202-
366-6406, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Suite W65-226, Washington, DC
20590. Office hours are from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., ET, Monday through
Friday, except Federal holidays.

William Quade,
Associate Administrator, Enforcement and Policy Program Delivery.
[FR Doc. E7-20487 Filed 10-16-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P