Mode No.                    Engine speed                \1\         mode (minutes)        factors
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1............................  Maximum test speed.........               100               3.0              0.50
2............................  Maximum test speed.........                75               3.0              0.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ The percent torque is relative to the maximum torque at maximum test speed.

* * * * *

0
238. Section 1048.510 is amended by adding paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1048.510  What transient duty cycles apply for laboratory
testing?

* * * * *
    (b) Calculate cycle statistics and compare with the established
criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that the test is
valid.
* * * * *

Subpart I--[Amended]

0
239. Section 1048.801 is amended by adding definitions for
``Carryover'' and ``Date of manufacture'' in alphabetical order to read
as follows:

Sec.  1048.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec.  1048.235(d).
* * * * *
    Date of manufacture has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
* * * * *

PART 1051--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM RECREATIONAL ENGINES AND
VEHICLES

0
240. The authority citation for part 1051 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
241. Section 1051.15 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1051.15  Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

    (a) Parts 86 and 1065 of this chapter describe procedures and
equipment specifications for testing vehicles and engines to measure
exhaust emissions. Subpart F of this part 1051 describes how to apply
the provisions of parts 86 and 1065 of this chapter to determine
whether vehicles meet the exhaust emission standards in this part.
* * * * *

0
242. Section 1051.20 is amended by adding paragraph (g) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1051.20  May I certify a recreational engine instead of the
vehicle?

* * * * *
    (g) Apply the provisions of 40 CFR part 1068 for engines certified
under this section as if they were subject to engine-based standards.
For example, you may rely on the provisions of 40 CFR 1068.261 to have
vehicle manufacturers install catalysts that you describe in your
application for certification.

0
243. A new Sec.  1051.30 is added to subpart A to read as follows:

Sec.  1051.30  Submission of information.

    (a) This part includes various requirements to record data or other
information. Refer to Sec.  1051.825 and 40 CFR 1068.25 regarding
recordkeeping requirements. Unless we specify otherwise, store these
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for one year after you send an associated application for
certification, or one year after you generate the data if they do not
support an application for certification. You must promptly send us
organized, written records in English if we ask for them. We may review
them at any time.
    (b) The regulations in Sec.  1051.255 and 40 CFR 1068.101 describe
your obligation to report truthful and complete information and the
consequences of failing to meet this obligation. This includes
information not related to certification.
    (c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1051.801).
    (d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. We may
require you to send us these records whether or not you are a
certificate holder.

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
244. Section 1051.125 is amended by adding paragraph (a)(3) and
revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1051.125  What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (3) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. In your request you
must describe the proposed maintenance step, recommend the maximum
feasible interval for this maintenance, include your rationale with
supporting evidence to support the need for the maintenance at the
recommended interval, and demonstrate that the maintenance will be done
at the recommended interval on in-use engines. In considering your
request, we will evaluate the information you provide and any other
available information to establish alternate specifications for
maintenance intervals, if appropriate.
* * * * *
    (c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are
addressing. We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we
determine that you have specified special maintenance steps to address
engine operation that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is
unlikely to occur in use. If we determine that certain maintenance
items do not qualify as special maintenance under this paragraph (c),
you may identify this as recommended additional maintenance under
paragraph (b) of this section.
* * * * *

0
245. Section 1051.135 is amended by revising paragraph (c)(12) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1051.135  How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (12) State: ``THIS VEHICLE MEETS U.S. EPA REGULATIONS FOR [MODEL
YEAR] [SNOWMOBILES or OFF-ROAD MOTORCYCLES or ATVs or OFFROAD UTILITY
VEHICLES].''
* * * * *

Subpart C--[Amended]

0
246. Section 1051.201 is amended by adding paragraph (h) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1051.201  What are the general requirements for obtaining a
certificate of conformity?

* * * * *
    (h) For vehicles that become new after being placed into service,
such as vehicles converted to run on a different fuel, we may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the intent of this
part. See Sec.  1051.650 and the definition of ``new'' in Sec.
1051.801.
0
247. Section 1051.220 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (c) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1051.220  How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my
application?

* * * * *
    (a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers
30 days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your
request. This would generally include replacing one maintenance step
with another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
* * * * *
    (c) You need not request approval if you are making only minor
corrections (such as correcting typographical mistakes), clarifying
your maintenance instructions, or changing instructions for maintenance
unrelated to emission control. We may ask you to send us copies of
maintenance instructions revised under this paragraph (c).

0
248. Section 1051.230 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(7) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1051.230  How do I select engine families?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (7) The number, arrangement (such as in-line or vee configuration),
and approximate bore diameter of cylinders.
* * * * *

0
249. Section 1051.255 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1051.255  What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?

* * * * *
    (b) We may deny your application for certification if we determine
that your engine family fails to comply with emission standards or
other requirements of this part or the Clean Air Act. We will base our
decision on all available information. If we deny your application, we
will explain why in writing.
* * * * *

Subpart I--[Amended]

0
250. Section 1051.801 is amended by revising paragraph (2) of the
definition for ``All-terrain vehicle'' and the definition for ``Offroad
utility vehicle'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1051.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    All-terrain vehicle means * * *
    (2) Other all-terrain vehicles have three or more wheels and one or
more seats, are designed for operation over rough terrain, are intended
primarily for transportation, and have a maximum vehicle speed higher
than 25 miles per hour. Golf carts generally do not meet these criteria
since they are generally not designed for operation over rough terrain.
* * * * *
    Offroad utility vehicle means a nonroad vehicle that has four or
more wheels, seating for two or more persons, is designed for operation
over rough terrain, and has either a rear payload capacity of 350
pounds or more or seating for six or more passengers. Vehicles intended
primarily for recreational purposes that are not capable of
transporting six passengers (such as dune buggies) are not offroad
utility vehicles. (Note: Sec.  1051.1(a) specifies that some offroad
utility vehicles are required to meet the requirements that apply for
all-terrain vehicles.) Unless there is significant information to the
contrary, we consider vehicles to be intended primarily for
recreational purposes if they are marketed for recreational use, have a
rear payload capacity no greater than 1,000 pounds, and meet at least
five of the following criteria:
    (1) Front and rear suspension travel is greater than 18 cm.
    (2) The vehicle has no tilt bed.
    (3) The vehicle has no mechanical power take-off (PTO) and no
permanently installed hydraulic system for operating utility-oriented
accessory devices.
    (4) The engine has in-use operating speeds at or above 4,000 rpm.
    (5) Maximum vehicle speed is greater than 35 miles per hour.
    (6) The speed at which the engine produces peak power is above
4,500 rpm and the engine is equivalent to engines in ATVs certified by
the same manufacturer. For the purpose of this paragraph (6), the
engine is considered equivalent if it could be included in the same
emission family based on the characteristics specified in Sec.
1051.230(b).
    (7) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating is no greater than 3,750 pounds.
This is the maximum design loaded weight of the vehicle as defined in
40 CFR 86.1803-01, including passengers and cargo.
* * * * *

PART 1054--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, SMALL NONROAD SPARK-
IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT

0
251. The authority citation for part 1054 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
252. Section 1054.1 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(4) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1054.1  Does this part apply for my engines and equipment?

    (a) * * *
    (4) This part 1054 applies for other spark-ignition engines as
follows:
    (i) The provisions of Sec. Sec.  1054.620 and 1054.801 apply for
new engines used solely for competition beginning January 1, 2010.
    (ii) The provisions of Sec. Sec.  1054.660 and 1054.801 apply for
new engines used in emergency rescue equipment beginning January 1,
2010.
* * * * *

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
253. Section 1054.125 is amended by adding paragraph (a)(4) and
revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.125  What maintenance instructions must I give to buyers?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (4) You may ask us to approve a maintenance interval shorter than
that specified in paragraph (a)(3) of this

section. In your request you must describe the proposed maintenance
step, recommend the maximum feasible interval for this maintenance,
include your rationale with supporting evidence to support the need for
the maintenance at the recommended interval, and demonstrate that the
maintenance will be done at the recommended interval on in-use engines.
In considering your request, we will evaluate the information you
provide and any other available information to establish alternate
specifications for maintenance intervals, if appropriate.
* * * * *
    (c) Special maintenance. You may specify more frequent maintenance
to address problems related to special situations, such as atypical
engine operation. You must clearly state that this additional
maintenance is associated with the special situation you are
addressing. We may disapprove your maintenance instructions if we
determine that you have specified special maintenance steps to address
engine operation that is not atypical, or that the maintenance is
unlikely to occur in use. If we determine that certain maintenance
items do not qualify as special maintenance under this paragraph (c),
you may identify this as recommended additional maintenance under
paragraph (b) of this section.
* * * * *

0
254. Section 1054.145 is amended by adding paragraph (o) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1054.145  Are there interim provisions that apply only for a
limited time?

* * * * *
    (o) Interim bonding provisions. Through 2012, the maximum value of
the bond under Sec.  1054.690 is $10 million. This maximum value
applies without adjustment for inflation.

Subpart C--[Amended]

0
255. Section 1054.201 is amended by adding paragraph (h) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1054.201  What are the general requirements for obtaining a
certificate of conformity?

* * * * *
    (h) For engines that become new after being placed into service,
such as engines converted to run on a different fuel, we may specify
alternate certification provisions consistent with the intent of this
part. See Sec.  1054.645 and the definition of ``new nonroad engine''
in Sec.  1054.801.

0
256. Section 1054.205 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1054.205  What must I include in my application?

* * * * *
    (b) Explain how the emission control systems operate. Describe the
evaporative emission controls and show how your design will prevent
running loss emissions, if applicable. Also describe in detail all
system components for controlling exhaust emissions, including all
auxiliary emission control devices (AECDs) and all fuel-system
components you will install on any production or test engine. Identify
the part number of each component you describe. For this paragraph (b),
treat as separate AECDs any devices that modulate or activate
differently from each other. Include sufficient detail to allow us to
evaluate whether the AECDs are consistent with the defeat device
prohibition of Sec.  1054.115. For example, if your engines will
routinely experience in-use operation that differs from the specified
duty cycle for certification, describe how the fuel-metering system
responds to varying speeds and loads not represented by the duty cycle.
If you test an emission-data engine by disabling the governor for full-
load operation such that the engine operates at an air-fuel ratio
significantly different than under full-load operation with an
installed governor, explain why these differences are necessary or
appropriate. For conventional carbureted engines without electronic
fuel controls, it is sufficient to state that there is no significant
difference in air-fuel ratios.
* * * * *

0
257. Section 1054.220 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1054.220  How do I amend the maintenance instructions in my
application?

* * * * *
    (a) If you are decreasing or eliminating any specified maintenance,
you may distribute the new maintenance instructions to your customers
30 days after we receive your request, unless we disapprove your
request. This would generally include replacing one maintenance step
with another. We may approve a shorter time or waive this requirement.
* * * * *

0
258. Section 1054.230 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(6) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1054.230  How do I select emission families?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (6) The number and arrangement of cylinders (such as in-line or vee
configuration) and approximate total displacement.
* * * * *

Subpart G--[Amended]

0
259. Section 1054.601 is amended by revising the section heading and
adding paragraph (c) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.601  What compliance provisions apply?

* * * * *
    (c) The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.215 apply for cases in which the
manufacturer takes possession of engines for purposes of recovering
components as described in this paragraph (c). Note that this paragraph
(c) does not apply for certified engines that still have the emission
control information label since such engines do not need an exemption.
    (1) You must label the engine as specified in 40 CFR
1068.215(c)(3), except that the label may be removable as specified in
40 CFR 1068.45(b).
    (2) You may not resell the engine. For components other than the
engine block, you may generate revenue from the sale of the components
that you recover, or from the sale of new engines containing these
components. You may also use components other than the engine block for
engine rebuilds as otherwise allowed under the regulations. You may use
the engine block from an engine that is exempted under this paragraph
(c) only to make a new engine, and then only where such an engine has a
separate identity from the original engine.
    (3) Once the engine has reached its final destination, you may stop
collecting records describing the engine's final disposition and how
you use the engine. This does not affect the requirement to maintain
the records you have already collected under 40 CFR 1068.215. This also
does not affect the requirement to maintain records for new engines.

0
260. Section 1054.690 is amended by revising paragraphs (d), (f), and
(j) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.690  What bond requirements apply for certified engines?

* * * * *
    (d) The minimum value of the bond is $500,000. A higher bond value
may apply based on the per-engine bond values shown in Table 1 to this
section and on the U.S.-directed production volume from each
displacement grouping for the calendar model year. For example, if you
have projected U.S.-directed production volumes of 10,000 engines with
180 cc displacement and

10,000 engines with 400 cc displacement in 2013, the appropriate bond
amount is $750,000. Adjust the value of the bond as follows:
    (1) If your estimated or actual U.S.-directed production volume in
any later year increases beyond the level appropriate for your current
bond payment, you must post additional bond to reflect the increased
volume within 90 days after you change your estimate or determine the
actual production volume. You may not decrease your bond.
    (2) If you sell engines without aftertreatment components under the
provisions of Sec.  1054.610, you must increase the per-engine bond
values for the current year by 20 percent.

           Table 1 to Sec.   1054.690--Per-engine bond values
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          The per-engine
 For engines with displacement falling in the following  bond value is .
                      ranges . . .                             . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disp. < 225 cc.........................................              $25
225 <= Disp. < 740 cc..................................               50
740 <= Disp. <= 1,000 cc...............................              100
Disp. > 1,000 cc.......................................              200
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
    (f) You may meet the bond requirements of this section by obtaining
a bond from a third-party surety that is cited in the U.S. Department
of Treasury Circular 570, ``Companies Holding Certificates of Authority
as Acceptable Sureties on Federal Bonds and as Acceptable Reinsuring
Companies'' (http://www.fms.treas.gov/c570/c570.html#certified). You
must maintain this bond for every year in which you sell certified
engines. The surety agent remains responsible for obligations under the
bond for two years after the bond is cancelled or expires without being
replaced.
* * * * *
    (j) The following provisions apply if you import engines for resale
when those engines have been certified by someone else (or equipment
containing such engines):
    (1) You and the certificate holder are each responsible for
compliance with the requirements of this part and the Clean Air Act.
For example, we may require you to comply with the warranty
requirements in Sec.  1054.120.
    (2) You do not need to post bond if you or the certificate holder
complies with the bond requirements of this section. You also do not
need to post bond if the certificate holder complies with the asset
requirements of this section and the repair-network provisions of Sec.
1054.120(f)(4).

Subpart H--[Amended]

0
261. Section 1054.730 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(4) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1054.730  What ABT reports must I send to EPA?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year, as described in Sec.  1054.701(i). For fuel tanks,
state the production volume in terms of surface area and production
volume for each fuel tank configuration and state the total surface
area for the emission family. If you changed an FEL during the model
year, identify the actual production volume associated with each FEL.
* * * * *

Subpart I--[Amended]

0
262. Section 1054.801 is amended by revising the definitions for
``Oxides of nitrogen'', ``Total hydrocarbon'', and ``Total hydrocarbon
equivalent'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
* * * * *
* * * * *
    Total hydrocarbon has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. This
generally means the combined mass of organic compounds measured by the
specified procedure for measuring total hydrocarbon, expressed as an
atomic hydrocarbon with a hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1.85:1.
    Total hydrocarbon equivalent has the meaning given in 40 CFR
1065.1001. This generally means the sum of the carbon mass
contributions of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, alcohols and aldehydes,
or other organic compounds that are measured separately as contained in
a gas sample, expressed as exhaust hydrocarbon from petroleum-fueled
engines. The atomic hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the equivalent
hydrocarbon is 1.85:1.
* * * * *

PART 1060--CONTROL OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE
NONROAD AND STATIONARY EQUIPMENT

0
263. The authority citation for part 1060 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
264. Section 1060.103 is amended by revising paragraph (e) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1060.103  What permeation emission control requirements apply for
fuel tanks?

* * * * *
    (e) Fuel caps may be certified separately relative to the
permeation emission standard in paragraph (b) of this section using the
test procedures specified in Sec.  1060.521. Fuel caps certified alone
do not need to meet the emission standard. Rather, fuel caps would be
certified with a Family Emission Limit, which is used for demonstrating
that fuel tanks meet the emission standard as described in Sec.
1060.520(b)(5). For the purposes of this paragraph (e), gaskets or O-
rings that are produced as part of an assembly with the fuel cap are
considered part of the fuel cap.
* * * * *

0
265. Section 1060.135 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(5) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1060.135  How must I label and identify the engines and equipment
I produce?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (5) Readily visible in the final installation. It may be under a
hinged door or other readily opened cover. It may not be hidden by any
cover attached with screws or any similar designs. Labels on marine
vessels (except personal watercraft) must be visible from the helm.
* * * * *

0
266. Section 1060.137 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)
introductory text and (a)(4) to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.137  How must I label and identify the fuel-system
components I produce?

* * * * *
    (a) Label the components identified in this paragraph (a), unless
the components are too small to be properly labeled. Unless we approve
otherwise, we consider parts large enough to be properly labeled if
they have space for 12 characters in six-point font (approximately 2 mm
x 12 mm). For these small parts, you may omit the label as long as you
identify those part numbers in your maintenance and installation
instructions.
* * * * *
    (4) Fuel caps, as described in this paragraph (a)(4). Fuel caps
must be labeled if they are separately certified under Sec.  1060.103
or if the diurnal control system requires that the fuel tank hold
pressure. Fuel caps must also be labeled if they are mounted directly

on the fuel tank, unless the fuel tank is certified based on a worst-
case fuel cap.
* * * * *

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
267. Section 1060.515 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1060.515  How do I test EPA Nonroad Fuel Lines and EPA Cold-
Weather Fuel Lines for permeation emissions?

* * * * *
    (c) Measure fuel line permeation emissions using the equipment and
procedures for weight-loss testing specified in SAE J30 or SAE J1527
(incorporated by reference in Sec.  1060.810). Start the measurement
procedure within 8 hours after draining and refilling the fuel line.
Perform the emission test over a sampling period of 14 days. Determine
your final emission result based on the highest measured valued over
the 14-day period.
* * * * *
0
268. Section 1060.520 is amended as follows:
0
a. By adding paragraph (a)(4).
0
b. By removing and reserving paragraph (b)(3).
0
c. By revising paragraphs (b)(5)(ii)(B), (d)(8), (d)(9), and (d)(10).

Sec.  1060.520  How do I test fuel tanks for permeation emissions?

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (4) Cap testing. Perform durability cycles on fuel caps intended
for use with handheld equipment by putting the fuel cap on and taking
it off 300 times. Tighten the fuel cap each time in a way that
represents the typical in-use experience.
    (b) * * *
    (5) * * *
    (ii) * * *
    (B) You may seal the fuel inlet with a nonpermeable covering if you
separately account for permeation emissions from the fuel cap. This may
involve a separate measurement of permeation emissions from a worst-
case fuel cap as described in Sec.  1060.521. This may also involve
specifying a worst-case Family Emission Limit based on separately
certified fuel caps as described in Sec.  1060.103(e).
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (8) Measure weight loss daily by retaring the balance using the
reference tank and weighing the sealed test tank. Calculate the
cumulative weight loss in grams for each measurement. Calculate the
coefficient of determination, r\2\, based on a linear plot of
cumulative weight loss vs. test days. Use the equation in 40 CFR
1065.602(k), with cumulative weight loss represented by yi
and cumulative time represented by yref. The daily
measurements must be at approximately the same time each day. You may
omit up to two daily measurements in any seven-day period. Test for ten
full days, then determine when to stop testing as follows:
    (i) You may stop testing after the measurement on the tenth day if
r\2\ is at or above 0.95 or if the measured value is less than 50
percent of the applicable standard. (Note that if a Family Emission
Limit applies for the family, it is considered to be the applicable
standard for that family.) This means that if you stop testing with an
r\2\ below 0.95, you may not use the data to show compliance with a
Family Emission Limit less than twice the measured value.
    (ii) If after ten days of testing your r\2\ value is below 0.95 and
your measured value is more than 50 percent of the applicable standard,
continue testing for a total of 20 days or until r\2\ is at or above
0.95. If r\2\ is not at or above 0.95 within 20 days of testing,
discontinue the test and precondition the fuel tank further until it
has stabilized emission levels, then repeat the testing.
    (9) Record the difference in mass between the reference tank and
the test tank for each measurement. This value is Mi, where
i is a counter representing the number of days elapsed. Subtract
Mi from Mo and divide the difference by the
internal surface area of the fuel tank. Divide this g/m\2\ value by the
number of test days (using at least two decimal places) to calculate
the emission rate in g/m\2\/day. Example: If a tank with an internal
surface area of 0.720 m\2\ weighed 1.31 grams less than the reference
tank at the beginning of the test and weighed 9.86 grams less than the
reference tank after soaking for 10.03 days, the emission rate would
be--

((-1.31 g) - (-9.82 g))/0.720 m\2\/10.03 days = 1.1784 g/m\2\/day

    (10) Determine your final emission result based on the cumulative
weight loss measured on the final day of testing. Round this result to
the same number of decimal places as the emission standard.
* * * * *

Subpart G--[Amended]

0
269. Section 1060.601 is amended by adding paragraph (h) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1060.601  How do the prohibitions of 40 CFR 1068.101 apply with
respect to the requirements of this part?

* * * * *
    (h) If equipment manufacturers hold certificates of conformity for
their equipment but they use only fuel-system components that have been
certified by other companies, they may satisfy their defect-reporting
obligations by tracking the information described in 40 CFR
1068.501(b)(1) related to possible defects, reporting this information
to the appropriate component manufacturers, and keeping these records
for eight years. Such equipment manufacturers will not be considered in
violation of 40 CFR 1068.101(b)(6) for failing to perform
investigations, make calculations, or submit reports to EPA as
specified in 40 CFR 1068.501. See Sec.  1060.5(a).

Subpart I--[Amended]

0
270. Section 1060.801 is amended by revising the definitions for
``Detachable fuel line'', ``Installed marine fuel tank'', and
``Sealed'' and adding definitions for ``Installed marine fuel line''
and ``Portable marine fuel line'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1060.801  What definitions apply to this part?

* * * * *
    Detachable fuel line means a fuel line or fuel line assembly
intended to be used with a portable nonroad fuel tank and which is
connected by special fittings to the fuel tank and/or engine for easy
disassembly. Fuel lines that require a wrench or other tools to
disconnect are not considered detachable fuel lines. Fuel lines that
are labeled or marketed as USCG Type B1 fuel line as specified in 33
CFR 183.540 are not considered detachable fuel lines if they are sold
to the ultimate purchaser without quick-connect fittings or similar
hardware.
* * * * *
    Installed marine fuel line means a fuel line designed for
delivering fuel to a Marine SI engine that does not meet the definition
of portable marine fuel line.
    Installed marine fuel tank means a fuel tank designed for
delivering fuel to a Marine SI engine that does not meet the definition
of portable marine fuel tanks.
* * * * *
    Portable marine fuel line means a detachable fuel line that is used
or intended to be used to supply fuel to a marine engine during
operation. This also includes any fuel line labeled or marketed at USCG
Type B1 fuel line as specified in 33 CFR 183.540, whether or not it
includes detachable connecting hardware; this is often called universal
fuel line.
* * * * *

    Sealed means lacking openings to the atmosphere that would allow a
measurable amount of liquid or vapor to leak out under normal operating
pressures or other pressures specified in this part. For example, you
may generally establish a maximum value for operating pressures based
on the highest pressure you would observe from an installed fuel tank
during continuous equipment operation on a sunny day with ambient
temperatures of 35 [deg]C. A fuel system may be considered to have no
measurable leak if it does not release bubbles when held underwater at
the identified tank pressure for 60 seconds. This determination
presumes the use of good engineering judgment; for example, it would
not be appropriate to test the fuel tank such that small leaks would
avoid detection by collecting in a cavity created by holding the tank
with a certain orientation. Sealed fuel systems may have openings for
emission controls or for fuel lines needed to route fuel to the engine.
* * * * *

PART 1065--ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
271. The authority citation for part 1065 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
272. Section 1065.1 is amended by revising paragraphs (d) and (g) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (d) Paragraph (a) of this section identifies the parts of the CFR
that define emission standards and other requirements for particular
types of engines. In this part, we refer to each of these other parts
generically as the ''standard-setting part.'' For example, 40 CFR part
1051 is always the standard-setting part for snowmobiles. Note that
while 40 CFR part 86 is the standard-setting part for heavy-duty
highway engines, this refers specifically to 40 CFR part 86, subpart A,
and to certain portions of 40 CFR part 86, subpart N, as described in
40 CFR 86.1301.
* * * * *
    (g) For additional information regarding these test procedures,
visit our Web site at http://www.epa.gov, and in particular http://
www.epa.gov/nvfel/testing/regulations.htm.

0
273. Section 1065.2 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (b) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.2  Submitting information to EPA under this part.

    (a) You are responsible for statements and information in your
applications for certification, requests for approved procedures,
selective enforcement audits, laboratory audits, production-line test
reports, field test reports, or any other statements you make to us
related to this part 1065. If you provide statements or information to
someone for submission to EPA, you are responsible for these statements
and information as if you had submitted them to EPA yourself.
    (b) In the standard-setting part and in 40 CFR 1068.101, we
describe your obligation to report truthful and complete information
and the consequences of failing to meet this obligation. See also 18
U.S.C. 1001 and 42 U.S.C. 7413(c)(2). This obligation applies whether
you submit this information directly to EPA or through someone else.
* * * * *

0
274. Section 1065.10 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(2) and
(c)(7) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.10  Other procedures.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (2) You may request to use special procedures if your engine cannot
be tested using the specified procedures. For example, this may apply
if your engine cannot operate on the specified duty cycle. In this
case, tell us in writing why you cannot satisfactorily test your engine
using this part's procedures and ask to use a different approach. We
will approve your request if we determine that it would produce
emission measurements that represent in-use operation and we determine
that it can be used to show compliance with the requirements of the
standard-setting part. Where we approve special procedures that differ
substantially from the specified procedures, we may preclude you from
participating in averaging, banking, and trading with the affected
engine families.
* * * * *
    (7) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent
to the allowed procedures, or procedures that are more accurate or more
precise than the allowed procedures. The following provisions apply to
requests for alternate procedures:
* * * * *

0
275. Section 1065.15 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.15  Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.

* * * * *
    (c) We generally set brake-specific emission standards over test
intervals and/or duty cycles, as follows:
    (1) Engine operation. Testing may involve measuring emissions and
work in a laboratory-type environment or in the field, as described in
paragraph (f) of this section. For most laboratory testing, the engine
is operated over one or more duty cycles specified in the standard-
setting part. However, laboratory testing may also include non-duty
cycle testing (such as simulation of field testing in a laboratory).
For field testing, the engine is operated under normal in-use
operation. The standard-setting part specifies how test intervals are
defined for field testing. Refer to the definitions of ``duty cycle''
and ``test interval'' in Sec.  1065.1001. Note that a single duty cycle
may have multiple test intervals and require weighting of results from
multiple test intervals to calculate a composite brake-specific
emissions value to compare to the standard.
    (2) Constituent determination. Determine the total mass of each
constituent over a test interval by selecting from the following
methods:
    (i) Continuous sampling. In continuous sampling, measure the
constituent's concentration continuously from raw or dilute exhaust.
Multiply this concentration by the continuous (raw or dilute) flow rate
at the emission sampling location to determine the constituent's flow
rate. Sum the constituent's flow rate continuously over the test
interval. This sum is the total mass of the emitted constituent.
    (ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and
store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract
a sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate. You may
extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust in an appropriate
container, such as a bag, and then measure HC, CO, and NOX
concentrations in the container after the test interval. You may
deposit PM from proportionally extracted exhaust onto an appropriate
substrate, such as a filter. In this case, divide the PM by the amount
of filtered exhaust to calculate the PM concentration. Multiply batch
sampled concentrations by the total (raw or dilute) flow from which it
was extracted during the test interval. This product is the total mass
of the emitted constituent.
    (iii) Combined sampling. You may use continuous and batch sampling

simultaneously during a test interval, as follows:
    (A) You may use continuous sampling for some constituents and batch
sampling for others.
    (B) You may use continuous and batch sampling for a single
constituent, with one being a redundant measurement. See Sec.  1065.201
for more information on redundant measurements.
    (3) Work determination. Determine work over a test interval by one
of the following methods:
    (i) Speed and torque. Synchronously multiply speed and brake torque
to calculate instantaneous values for engine brake power. Sum engine
brake power over a test interval to determine total work.
    (ii) Fuel consumed and brake-specific fuel consumption. Directly
measure fuel consumed or calculate it with chemical balances of the
fuel, intake air, and exhaust. To calculate fuel consumed by a chemical
balance, you must also measure either intake-air flow rate or exhaust
flow rate. Divide the fuel consumed during a test interval by the
brake-specific fuel consumption to determine work over the test
interval. For laboratory testing, calculate the brake-specific fuel
consumption using fuel consumed and speed and torque over a test
interval. For field testing, refer to the standard-setting part and
Sec.  1065.915 for selecting an appropriate value for brake-specific
fuel consumption.
* * * * *

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
276. Section 1065.125 is amended by revising paragraphs (c) and (e) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.125  Engine intake air.

* * * * *
    (c) Maintain the temperature of intake air to (25  5)
[deg]C, except as follows:
    (1) Follow the standard-setting part if it specifies different
temperatures.
    (2) For engines above 560 kW, you may use 35 [deg]C as the upper
bound of the tolerance. However, your system must be capable of
controlling the temperature to the 25 [deg]C setpoint for any steady-
state operation at > 30% of maximum engine power.
    (3) You may ask us to allow you to apply a different setpoint for
intake air temperature if it is necessary to remain consistent with the
provisions of Sec.  1065.10(c)(1) for testing during which ambient
temperature will be outside this range.
* * * * *
    (e) This paragraph (e) includes provisions for simulating charge-
air cooling in the laboratory. This approach is described in paragraph
(e)(1) of this section. Limits on using this approach are described in
paragraphs (e)(2) and (3) of this section.
    (1) Use a charge-air cooling system with a total intake-air
capacity that represents production engines' in-use installation.
Design any laboratory charge-air cooling system to minimize
accumulation of condensate. Drain any accumulated condensate and
completely close all drains before starting a duty cycle. Keep the
drains closed during the emission test. Maintain coolant conditions as
follows:
    (i) Maintain a coolant temperature of at least 20 [deg]C at the
inlet to the charge-air cooler throughout testing. We recommend
maintaining a coolant temperature of 25 5 [deg]C at the
inlet of the charge-air cooler.
    (ii) At the engine conditions specified by the manufacturer, set
the coolant flow rate to achieve an air temperature within 5 [deg]C of the value specified by the manufacturer after the
charge-air cooler's outlet. Measure the air-outlet temperature at the
location specified by the manufacturer. Use this coolant flow rate set
point throughout testing. If the engine manufacturer does not specify
engine conditions or the corresponding charge-air cooler air outlet
temperature, set the coolant flow rate at maximum engine power to
achieve a charge-air cooler air outlet temperature that represents in-
use operation.
    (iii) If the engine manufacturer specifies pressure-drop limits
across the charge-air cooling system, ensure that the pressure drop
across the charge-air cooling system at engine conditions specified by
the manufacturer is within the manufacturer's specified limit(s).
Measure the pressure drop at the manufacturer's specified locations.
    (2) Using a constant flow rate as described in paragraph (e)(1) of
this section may result in unrepresentative overcooling of the intake
air. The provisions of this paragraph (e)(2) apply instead of the
provisions of Sec.  1065.10(c)(1) for this simulation. Our allowance to
cool intake air as specified in this paragraph (e) does not affect your
liability for field testing or for laboratory testing that is done in a
way that better represents in-use operation. Where we determine that
this allowance adversely affects your ability to demonstrate that your
engines would comply with emission standards under in-use conditions,
we may require you to use more sophisticated setpoints and controls of
charge-air pressure drop, coolant temperature, and flow rate to achieve
more representative results.
    (3) This approach does not apply for field testing. You may not
correct measured emission levels from field testing to account for any
differences caused by the simulated cooling in the laboratory.

0
277. Section 1065.140 is revised amended by revising paragraphs (c)(6),
(e) introductory text, and (e)(4) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.140  Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) Aqueous condensation. This paragraph (c)(6) describes how you
must address aqueous condensation in the CVS. As described below, you
may meet these requirements by preventing or limiting aqueous
condensation in the CVS from the exhaust inlet to the last emission
sample probe. See that paragraph for provisions related to the CVS
between the last emission sample probe and the CVS flow meter. You may
heat and/or insulate the dilution tunnel walls, as well as the bulk
stream tubing downstream of the tunnel to prevent or limit aqueous
condensation. Where we allow aqueous condensation to occur, use good
engineering judgment to ensure that the condensation does not affect
your ability to demonstrate that your engines comply with the
applicable standards (see Sec.  1065.10(a)).
    (i) Preventing aqueous condensation. To prevent condensation, you
must keep the temperature of internal surfaces, excluding any sample
probes, above the dew point of the dilute exhaust passing through the
CVS tunnel. Use good engineering judgment to monitor temperatures in
the CVS. For the purposes of this paragraph (c)(6), assume that aqueous
condensation is pure water condensate only, even though the definition
of ``aqueous condensation'' in Sec.  1065.1001 includes condensation of
any constituents that contain water. No specific verification check is
required under this paragraph (c)(6)(i), but we may ask you to show how
you comply with this requirement. You may use engineering analysis, CVS
tunnel design, alarm systems, measurements of wall temperatures, and
calculation of water dew point to demonstrate compliance with this
requirement. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the lowest
water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the
minimum internal surface temperature.
    (ii) Limiting aqueous condensation. This paragraph (c)(6)(ii)
specifies limits of allowable condensation and requires

you to verify that the amount of condensation that occurs during each
test interval does not exceed the specified limits.
    (A) Use chemical balance equations in Sec.  1065.655 to calculate
the mole fraction of water in the dilute exhaust continuously during
testing. Alternatively, you may continuously measure the mole fraction
of water in the dilute exhaust prior to any condensation during
testing. Use good engineering judgment to select, calibrate and verify
water analyzers/detectors. The linearity verification requirements of
Sec.  1065.307 do not apply to water analyzers/detectors used to
correct for the water content in exhaust samples.
    (B) Use good engineering judgment to select and monitor locations
on the CVS tunnel walls prior to the last emission sample probe. If you
are also verifying limited condensation from the last emission sample
probe to the CVS flow meter, use good engineering judgment to select
and monitor locations on the CVS tunnel walls, optional CVS heat
exchanger, and CVS flow meter. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you
may use the lowest water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to
determine the minimum internal surface temperature. Identify the
minimum surface temperature on a continuous basis.
    (C) Identify the maximum potential mole fraction of dilute exhaust
lost on a continuous basis during the entire test interval. This value
must be less than or equal to 0.02 (i.e. 2%). Calculate on a continuous
basis the mole fraction of water that would be in equilibrium with
liquid water at the measured minimum surface temperature. Subtract this
mole fraction from the mole fraction of water that would be in the
exhaust without condensation (either measured or from the chemical
balance), and set any negative values to zero. This difference is the
potential mole fraction of the dilute exhaust that would be lost due to
water condensation on a continuous basis.
    (D) Integrate the product of the molar flow rate of the dilute
exhaust and the potential mole fraction of dilute exhaust lost, and
divide by the totalized dilute exhaust molar flow over the test
interval. This is the potential mole fraction of the dilute exhaust
that would be lost due to water condensation over the entire test
interval. Note that this assumes no re-evaporation. This value must be
less than or equal to 0.005 (i.e. 0.5%).
* * * * *
    (e) Dilution air temperature, dilution ratio, residence time, and
temperature control of PM samples. Dilute PM samples at least once
upstream of transfer lines. You may dilute PM samples upstream of a
transfer line using full-flow dilution, or partial-flow dilution
immediately downstream of a PM probe. In the case of partial-flow
dilution, you may have up to 26 cm of insulated length between the end
of the probe and the dilution stage, but we recommend that the length
be as short as practical. The intent of these specifications is to
minimize heat transfer to or from the emission sample before the final
stage of dilution, other than the heat you may need to add to prevent
aqueous condensation. This is accomplished by initially cooling the
sample through dilution. Configure dilution systems as follows:
* * * * *
    (4) Control sample temperature to a (47 5) [deg]C
tolerance, as measured anywhere within 20 cm upstream or downstream of
the PM storage media (such as a filter). Measure this temperature with
a bare-wire junction thermocouple with wires that are (0.500 0.025) mm diameter, or with another suitable instrument that has
equivalent performance.

0
278. Section 1065.145 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.145  Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling
system components.

    (a) Continuous and batch sampling. Determine the total mass of each
constituent with continuous or batch sampling, as described in Sec.
1065.15(c)(2). Both types of sampling systems have probes, transfer
lines, and other sampling system components that are described in this
section.
    (b) Options for engines with multiple exhaust stacks. Measure
emissions from a test engine as described in this paragraph (b) if it
has multiple exhaust stacks. You may choose to use different
measurement procedures for different pollutants under this paragraph
(b) for a given test. For purposes of this part 1065, the test engine
includes all the devices related to converting the chemical energy in
the fuel to the engine's mechanical output energy. This may or may not
involve vehicle- or equipment-based devices. For example, all of an
engine's cylinders are considered to be part of the test engine even if
the exhaust is divided into separate exhaust stacks. As another
example, all the cylinders of a diesel-electric locomotive are
considered to be part of the test engine even if they transmit power
through separate output shafts, such as might occur with multiple
engine-generator sets working in tandem. Use one of the following
procedures to measure emissions with multiple exhaust stacks:
    (1) Route the exhaust flow from the multiple stacks into a single
flow as described in Sec.  1065.130(c)(6). Sample and measure emissions
after the exhaust streams are mixed. Calculate the emissions as a
single sample from the entire engine. We recommend this as the
preferred option, since it requires only a single measurement and
calculation of the exhaust molar flow for the entire engine.
    (2) Sample and measure emissions from each stack and calculate
emissions separately for each stack. Add the mass (or mass rate)
emissions from each stack to calculate the emissions from the entire
engine. Testing under this paragraph (b)(2) requires measuring or
calculating the exhaust molar flow for each stack separately. If the
exhaust molar flow in each stack cannot be calculated from combustion
air flow(s), fuel flow(s), and measured gaseous emissions, and it is
impractical to measure the exhaust molar flows directly, you may
alternatively proportion the engine's calculated total exhaust molar
flow rate (where the flow is calculated using combustion air mass
flow(s), fuel mass flow(s), and emissions concentrations) based on
exhaust molar flow measurements in each stack using a less accurate,
non-traceable method. For example, you may use a total pressure probe
and static pressure measurement in each stack.
    (3) Sample and measure emissions from one stack and repeat the duty
cycle as needed to collect emissions from each stack separately.
Calculate the emissions from each stack and add the separate
measurements to calculate the mass (or mass rate) emissions from the
entire engine. Testing under this paragraph (b)(3) requires measuring
or calculating the exhaust molar flow for each stack separately. You
may alternatively proportion the engine's calculated total exhaust
molar flow rate based on calculation and measurement limitations as
described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Use the average of the
engine's total power or work values from the multiple test runs to
calculate brake-specific emissions. Divide the total mass (or mass
rate) of each emission by the average power (or work). You may
alternatively use the engine power or work associated with the
corresponding stack during each test run if these values can be
determined for each stack separately.
    (4) Sample and measure emissions from each stack separately and
calculate emissions for the entire engine based on the stack with the
highest concentration. Testing under this paragraph (b)(4)

requires only a single exhaust flow measurement or calculation for the
entire engine. You may determine which stack has the highest
concentration by performing multiple test runs, reviewing the results
of earlier tests, or using good engineering judgment. Note that the
highest concentration of different pollutants may occur in different
stacks. Note also that the stack with the highest concentration of a
pollutant during a test interval for field testing may be a different
stack than the one you identified based on average concentrations over
a duty cycle.
    (5) Sample emissions from each stack separately and combine the wet
sample streams from each stack proportionally to the exhaust molar
flows in each stack. Measure the emission concentrations and calculate
the emissions for the entire engine based on these weighted
concentrations. Testing under this paragraph (b)(5) requires measuring
or calculating the exhaust molar flow for each stack separately during
the test run to proportion the sample streams from each stack. If it is
impractical to measure the exhaust molar flows directly, you may
alternatively proportion the wet sample streams based on less accurate,
non-traceable flow methods. For example, you may use a total pressure
probe and static pressure measurement in each stack. The following
restrictions apply for testing under this paragraph (b)(5):
    (i) You must use an accurate, traceable measurement or calculation
of the engine's total exhaust molar flow rate for calculating the mass
of emissions from the entire engine.
    (ii) You may dry the single, combined, proportional sample stream;
you may not dry the sample streams from each stack separately.
    (iii) You must measure and proportion the sample flows from each
stack with active flow controls. For PM sampling, you must measure and
proportion the diluted sample flows from each stack with active flow
controls that use only smooth walls with no sudden change in cross-
sectional area. For example, you may control the dilute exhaust PM
sample flows using electrically conductive vinyl tubing and a control
device that pinches the tube over a long enough transition length so no
flow separation occurs.
    (iv) For PM sampling, the transfer lines from each stack must be
joined so the angle of the joining flows is 12.5[deg] or less. Note
that the exhaust manifold must meet the same specifications as the
transfer line according to paragraph (d) of this section.
    (6) Sample emissions from each stack separately and combine the wet
sample streams from each stack equally. Measure the emission
concentrations and calculate the emissions for the entire engine based
on these measured concentrations. Testing under this paragraph (b)(6)
assumes that the raw-exhaust and sample flows are the same for each
stack. The following restrictions apply for testing under this
paragraph (b)(6):
    (i) You must measure and demonstrate that the sample flow from each
stack is within 5% of the value from the stack with the highest sample
flow. You may alternatively ensure that the stacks have equal flow
rates without measuring sample flows by designing a passive sampling
system that meets the following requirements:
    (A) The probes and transfer line branches must be symmetrical, have
equal lengths and diameters, have the same number of bends, and have no
filters.
    (B) If probes are designed such that they are sensitive to stack
velocity, the stack velocity must be similar at each probe. For
example, a static pressure probe used for gaseous sampling is not
sensitive to stack velocity.
    (C) The stack static pressure must be the same at each probe. You
can meet this requirement by placing probes at the end of stacks that
are vented to atmosphere.
    (D) For PM sampling, the transfer lines from each stack must be
joined so the angle of the joining flows is 12.5[deg] or less. Note
that the exhaust manifold must meet the same specifications as the
transfer line according to paragraph (d) of this section.
    (ii) You may use the procedure in this paragraph (b)(6) only if you
perform an analysis showing that the resulting error due to imbalanced
stack flows and concentrations is either at or below 2%. You may
alternatively show that the resulting error does not impact your
ability to demonstrate compliance with applicable standards. For
example, you may use less accurate, non-traceable measurements of
emission concentrations and molar flow in each stack and demonstrate
that the imbalances in flows and concentrations cause 2% or less error.
    (iii) For a two-stack engine, you may use the procedure in this
paragraph (b)(6) only if you can show that the stack with the higher
flow has the lower average concentration for each pollutant over the
duty cycle.
    (iv) You must use an accurate, traceable measurement or calculation
of the engine's total exhaust molar flow rate for calculating the mass
of emissions from the entire engine.
    (v) You may dry the single, equally combined, sample stream; you
may not dry the sample streams from each stack separately.
    (vi) You may determine your exhaust flow rates with a chemical
balance of exhaust gas concentrations and either intake air flow or
fuel flow.
    (c) Gaseous and PM sample probes. A probe is the first fitting in a
sampling system. It protrudes into a raw or diluted exhaust stream to
extract a sample, such that its inside and outside surfaces are in
contact with the exhaust. A sample is transported out of a probe into a
transfer line, as described in paragraph (d) of this section. The
following provisions apply to sample probes:
    (1) Probe design and construction. Use sample probes with inside
surfaces of 300 series stainless steel or, for raw exhaust sampling,
use any nonreactive material capable of withstanding raw exhaust
temperatures. Locate sample probes where constituents are mixed to
their mean sample concentration. Take into account the mixing of any
crankcase emissions that may be routed into the raw exhaust. Locate
each probe to minimize interference with the flow to other probes. We
recommend that all probes remain free from influences of boundary
layers, wakes, and eddies--especially near the outlet of a raw-exhaust
tailpipe where unintended dilution might occur. Make sure that purging
or back-flushing of a probe does not influence another probe during
testing. You may use a single probe to extract a sample of more than
one constituent as long as the probe meets all the specifications for
each constituent.
    (2) Gaseous sample probes. Use either single-port or multi-port
probes for sampling gaseous emissions. You may orient these probes in
any direction relative to the raw or diluted exhaust flow. For some
probes, you must control sample temperatures, as follows:
    (i) For probes that extract NOX from diluted exhaust,
control the probe's wall temperature to prevent aqueous condensation.
    (ii) For probes that extract hydrocarbons for THC or NMHC analysis
from the diluted exhaust of compression-ignition engines, 2-stroke
spark-ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW,
we recommend heating the probe to minimize hydrocarbon contamination
consistent with good engineering judgment. If you routinely fail the
contamination check in the 1065.520 pretest check, we recommend heating

the probe section to approximately 190 [deg]C to minimize
contamination.
    (3) PM sample probes. Use PM probes with a single opening at the
end. Orient PM probes to face directly upstream. If you shield a PM
probe's opening with a PM pre-classifier such as a hat, you may not use
the preclassifier we specify in paragraph (f)(1) of this section. We
recommend sizing the inside diameter of PM probes to approximate
isokinetic sampling at the expected mean flow rate.
    (d) Transfer lines. You may use transfer lines to transport an
extracted sample from a probe to an analyzer, storage medium, or
dilution system, noting certain restrictions for PM sampling in Sec.
1065.140(e). Minimize the length of all transfer lines by locating
analyzers, storage media, and dilution systems as close to probes as
practical. We recommend that you minimize the number of bends in
transfer lines and that you maximize the radius of any unavoidable
bend. Avoid using 90[deg] elbows, tees, and cross-fittings in transfer
lines. Where such connections and fittings are necessary, take steps,
using good engineering judgment, to ensure that you meet the
temperature tolerances in this paragraph (d). This may involve
measuring temperature at various locations within transfer lines and
fittings. You may use a single transfer line to transport a sample of
more than one constituent, as long as the transfer line meets all the
specifications for each constituent. The following construction and
temperature tolerances apply to transfer lines:
    (1) Gaseous samples. Use transfer lines with inside surfaces of 300
series stainless steel, PTFE, VitonTM, or any other material
that you demonstrate has better properties for emission sampling. For
raw exhaust sampling, use a non-reactive material capable of
withstanding raw exhaust temperatures. You may use in-line filters if
they do not react with exhaust constituents and if the filter and its
housing meet the same temperature requirements as the transfer lines,
as follows:
    (i) For NOX transfer lines upstream of either an
NO2-to-NO converter that meets the specifications of Sec.
1065.378 or a chiller that meets the specifications of Sec.  1065.376,
maintain a sample temperature that prevents aqueous condensation.
    (ii) For THC transfer lines for testing compression-ignition
engines, 2-stroke spark-ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition
engines below 19 kW, maintain a wall temperature tolerance throughout
the entire line of (191 11) [deg]C. If you sample from raw
exhaust, you may connect an unheated, insulated transfer line directly
to a probe. Design the length and insulation of the transfer line to
cool the highest expected raw exhaust temperature to no lower than 191
[deg]C, as measured at the transfer line's outlet. For dilute sampling,
you may use a transition zone between the probe and transfer line of up
to 92 cm to allow your wall temperature to transition to (191 11) [deg]C.
    (2) PM samples. We recommend heated transfer lines or a heated
enclosure to minimize temperature differences between transfer lines
and exhaust constituents. Use transfer lines that are inert with
respect to PM and are electrically conductive on the inside surfaces.
We recommend using PM transfer lines made of 300 series stainless
steel. Electrically ground the inside surface of PM transfer lines.
    (e) Optional sample-conditioning components for gaseous sampling.
You may use the following sample-conditioning components to prepare
gaseous samples for analysis, as long as you do not install or use them
in a way that adversely affects your ability to show that your engines
comply with all applicable gaseous emission standards.
    (1) NO2-to-NO converter. You may use an NO2-to-NO
converter that meets the converter conversion verification specified in
Sec.  1065.378 at any point upstream of a NOX analyzer,
sample bag, or other storage medium.
    (2) Sample dryer. You may use either type of sample dryer described
in this paragraph (e)(2) to decrease the effects of water on gaseous
emission measurements. You may not use a chemical dryer, or use dryers
upstream of PM sample filters.
    (i) Osmotic-membrane. You may use an osmotic-membrane dryer
upstream of any gaseous analyzer or storage medium, as long as it meets
the temperature specifications in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
Because osmotic-membrane dryers may deteriorate after prolonged
exposure to certain exhaust constituents, consult with the membrane
manufacturer regarding your application before incorporating an
osmotic-membrane dryer. Monitor the dewpoint, Tdew, and
absolute pressure, ptotal, downstream of an osmotic-membrane
dryer. You may use continuously recorded values of Tdew and
ptotal in the amount of water calculations specified in
Sec.  1065.645. For our testing we may use average temperature and
pressure values over the test interval or a nominal pressure value that
we estimate as the dryer's average pressure expected during testing as
constant values in the amount of water calculations specified in Sec.
1065.645. For your testing, you may use the maximum temperature or
minimum pressure values observed during a test interval or duty cycle
or the high alarm temperature setpoint or low alarm pressure setpoint
as constant values in the calculations specified in Sec.  1065.645. For
your testing, you may also use a nominal ptotal, which you
may estimate as the dryer's lowest absolute pressure expected during
testing.
    (ii) Thermal chiller. You may use a thermal chiller upstream of
some gas analyzers and storage media. You may not use a thermal chiller
upstream of a THC measurement system for compression-ignition engines,
2-stroke spark-ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition engines
below 19 kW. If you use a thermal chiller upstream of an
NO2-to-NO converter or in a sampling system without an
NO2-to-NO converter, the chiller must meet the
NO2 loss-performance check specified in Sec.  1065.376.
Monitor the dewpoint, Tdew, and absolute pressure,
ptotal, downstream of a thermal chiller. You may use
continuously recorded values of Tdew and ptotal
in the amount of water calculations specified in Sec.  1065.645. If it
is valid to assume the degree of saturation in the thermal chiller, you
may calculate Tdew based on the known chiller performance
and continuous monitoring of chiller temperature, Tchiller.
If it is valid to assume a constant temperature offset between
Tchiller and Tdew, due to a known and fixed
amount of sample reheat between the chiller outlet and the temperature
measurement location, you may factor in this assumed temperature offset
value into emission calculations. If we ask for it, you must show by
engineering analysis or by data the validity of any assumptions allowed
by this paragraph (e)(2)(ii). For our testing we may use average
temperature and pressure values over the test interval or a nominal
pressure value that we estimate as the dryer's average pressure
expected during testing as constant values in the calculations
specified in Sec.  1065.645. For your testing you may use the maximum
temperature and minimum pressure values observed during a test interval
or duty cycle or the high alarm temperature setpoint and the low alarm
pressure setpoint as constant values in the amount of water
calculations specified in Sec.  1065.645. For your testing you may also
use a nominal ptotal, which you may estimate as the dryer's
lowest absolute pressure expected during testing.
    (3) Sample pumps. You may use sample pumps upstream of an analyzer
or storage medium for any gas. Use sample pumps with inside surfaces of
300 series stainless steel, PTFE, or any other material that you
demonstrate has

better properties for emission sampling. For some sample pumps, you
must control temperatures, as follows:
    (i) If you use a NOX sample pump upstream of either an
NO2-to-NO converter that meets Sec.  1065.378 or a chiller
that meets Sec.  1065.376, it must be heated to prevent aqueous
condensation.
    (ii) For testing compression-ignition engines, 2-stroke spark-
ignition engines, or 4-stroke spark-ignition engines below 19 kW, if
you use a THC sample pump upstream of a THC analyzer or storage medium,
its inner surfaces must be heated to a tolerance of (191 11) [deg]C.
    (4) Ammonia Scrubber. You may use ammonia scrubbers for any or all
gaseous sampling systems to prevent interference with NH3,
poisoning of the NO2-to-NO converter, and deposits in the
sampling system or analyzers. Follow the ammonia scrubber
manufacturer's recommendations or use good engineering judgment in
applying ammonia scrubbers.
    (f) Optional sample-conditioning components for PM sampling. You
may use the following sample-conditioning components to prepare PM
samples for analysis, as long as you do not install or use them in a
way that adversely affects your ability to show that your engines
comply with the applicable PM emission standards. You may condition PM
samples to minimize positive and negative biases to PM results, as
follows:
    (1) PM preclassifier. You may use a PM preclassifier to remove
large-diameter particles. The PM preclassifier may be either an
inertial impactor or a cyclonic separator. It must be constructed of
300 series stainless steel. The preclassifier must be rated to remove
at least 50% of PM at an aerodynamic diameter of 10 [mu]m and no more
than 1% of PM at an aerodynamic diameter of 1 [mu]m over the range of
flow rates for which you use it. Follow the preclassifier
manufacturer's instructions for any periodic servicing that may be
necessary to prevent a buildup of PM. Install the preclassifier in the
dilution system downstream of the last dilution stage. Configure the
preclassifier outlet with a means of bypassing any PM sample media so
the preclassifier flow may be stabilized before starting a test. Locate
PM sample media within 75 cm downstream of the preclassifier's exit.
You may not use this preclassifier if you use a PM probe that already
has a preclassifier. For example, if you use a hat-shaped preclassifier
that is located immediately upstream of the probe in such a way that it
forces the sample flow to change direction before entering the probe,
you may not use any other preclassifier in your PM sampling system.
    (2) Other components. You may request to use other PM conditioning
components upstream of a PM preclassifier, such as components that
condition humidity or remove gaseous-phase hydrocarbons from the
diluted exhaust stream. You may use such components only if we approve
them under Sec.  1065.10.

Subpart C--[Amended]

0
279. Section 1065.201 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.201  Overview and general provisions.

* * * * *
    (h) Recommended practices. This subpart identifies a variety of
recommended but not required practices for proper measurements. We
believe in most cases it is necessary to follow these recommended
practices for accurate and repeatable measurements. However, we do not
specifically require you to follow these recommended practices to
perform a valid test, as long as you meet the required calibrations and
verifications of measurement systems specified in subpart D of this
part. Similarly, we are not required to follow all recommended
practices, as long as we meet the required calibrations and
verifications. Our decision to follow or not follow a given
recommendation when testing your engine is not dependent on whether or
not you followed it during your testing.

0
280. Section 1065.205 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.205  Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

    Your test system as a whole must meet all the applicable
calibrations, verifications, and test-validation criteria specified in
subparts D and F of this part or subpart J of this part for using PEMS
and for performing field testing. We recommend that your instruments
meet the specifications in Table 1 of this section for all ranges you
use for testing. We also recommend that you keep any documentation you
receive from instrument manufacturers showing that your instruments
meet the specifications in Table 1 of this section.
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.105

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.106

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR30AP10.107

BILLING CODE 6560-50-C

0
281. Section 1065.240 is amended by revising paragraph (d) introductory
text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.240  Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters.

* * * * *
    (d) Exhaust cooling. You may cool diluted exhaust upstream of a
dilute-exhaust flow meter, as long as you observe all the following
provisions:
* * * * *

0
282. Section 1065.260 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.260  Flame-ionization detector.

* * * * *
    (c) Heated FID analyzers. For compression-ignition engines, two-
stroke spark-ignition engines, and four-stroke spark-ignition engines
below 19 kW, you must use heated FID analyzers that maintain all
surfaces that are exposed to emissions at a temperature of (191  11) [deg]C.
* * * * *

Subpart D--[Amended]

0
283. Section 1065.303 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.303  Summary of required calibration and verifications

    The following table summarizes the required and recommended
calibrations and verifications described in this subpart and indicates
when these have to be performed:

     Table 1 of Sec.   1065.303--Summary of Required Calibration and
                              Verifications
------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Type of calibration or verification         Minimum frequency \a\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   1065.305: Accuracy,               Accuracy: Not required, but
 repeatability and noise.                 recommended for initial
                                          installation.
                                         Repeatability: Not required,
                                          but recommended for initial
                                          installation.
                                         Noise: Not required, but
                                          recommended for initial
                                          installation.
Sec.   1065.307: Linearity verification  Speed: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Torque: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Electrical power: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Fuel flow: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
                                         Clean gas and diluted exhaust
                                          flows: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance, unless flow is
                                          verified by propane check or
                                          by carbon or oxygen balance.
                                         Raw exhaust flow: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 185 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance, unless flow is
                                          verified by propane check or
                                          by carbon or oxygen balance.

                                         Gas dividers: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
                                         Gas analyzers: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 35 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         FTIR and photoacoustic
                                          analyzers: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         GC-ECD: Upon initial
                                          installation and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         PM balance: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Pressure, temperature, and
                                          dewpoint: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 370 days
                                          before testing and after major
                                          maintenance.
Sec.   1065.308: Continuous gas          Upon initial installation or
 analyzer system response and updating-   after system modification that
 recording verification--for gas          would affect response.
 analyzers not continuously compensated
 for other gas species.
Sec.   1065.309: Continuous gas          Upon initial installation or
 analyzer system-response and updating-   after system modification that
 recording verification--for gas          would affect response.
 analyzers continuously compensated for
 other gas species.
Sec.   1065.310: Torque................  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.315: Pressure, temperature,  Upon initial installation and
 dewpoint.                                after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.320: Fuel flow.............  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.325: Intake flow...........  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.330: Exhaust flow..........  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.340: Diluted exhaust flow    Upon initial installation and
 (CVS).                                   after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.341: CVS and batch sampler   Upon initial installation,
 verification \b\.                        within 35 days before testing,
                                          and after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.342 Sample dryer             For thermal chillers: Upon
 verification.                            installation and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         For osmotic membranes; upon
                                          installation, within 35 days
                                          of testing, and after major
                                          maintenance.
Sec.   1065.345: Vacuum leak...........  For laboratory testing: Upon
                                          initial installation of the
                                          sampling system, within 8
                                          hours before the start of the
                                          first test interval of each
                                          duty-cycle sequence, and after
                                          maintenance such as pre-filter
                                          changes.
                                         For field testing: After each
                                          installation of the sampling
                                          system on the vehicle, prior
                                          to the start of the field
                                          test, and after maintenance
                                          such as pre-filter changes.
Sec.   1065.350: CO2 NDIR H2O            Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.355: CO NDIR CO2 and H2O     Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.360: FID calibration.......  Calibrate all FID analyzers:
                                          Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
THC FID optimization, and THC FID        Optimize and determine CH4
 verification.                            response for THC FID
                                          analyzers: Upon initial
                                          installation and after major
                                          maintenance.
                                         Verify CH4 response for THC FID
                                          analyzers: Upon initial
                                          installation, within 185 days
                                          before testing, and after
                                          major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.362: Raw exhaust FID O2      For all FID analyzers: Upon
 interference.                            initial installation, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         For THC FID analyzers: Upon
                                          initial installation, after
                                          major maintenance, and after
                                          FID optimization according to
                                          Sec.   1065.360.
Sec.   1065.365: Nonmethane cutter       Upon initial installation,
 penetration.                             within 185 days before
                                          testing, and after major
                                          maintenance.
Sec.   1065.370: CLD CO2 and H2O quench  Upon initial installation and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.372: NDUV HC and H2O         Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.375: N2O analyzer            Upon initial installation and
 interference.                            after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.376: Chiller NO2             Upon initial installation and
 penetration.                             after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.378: NO2-to-NO converter     Upon initial installation,
 conversion.                              within 35 days before testing,
                                          and after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.390: PM balance and          Independent verification: Upon
 weighing.                                initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         Zero, span, and reference
                                          sample verifications: Within
                                          12 hours of weighing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
Sec.   1065.395: Inertial PM balance     Independent verification: Upon
 and weighing.                            initial installation, within
                                          370 days before testing, and
                                          after major maintenance.
                                         Other verifications: Upon
                                          initial installation and after
                                          major maintenance.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Perform calibrations and verifications more frequently, according to
  measurement system manufacturer instructions and good engineering
  judgment.
\b\ The CVS verification described in Sec.   1065.341 is not required
  for systems that agree within  2% based on a chemical
  balance of carbon or oxygen of the intake air, fuel, and diluted
  exhaust.

0
284. Section 1065.305 is amended by revising paragraphs (d)(4), (d)(5),
and (d)(7) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.305  Verifications for accuracy, repeatability, and noise.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (4) Use the instrument to quantify a NIST-traceable reference
quantity, yref. For gas analyzers the reference gas must
meet the specifications of Sec.  1065.750. Select a reference quantity
near the mean value expected during testing. For all gas analyzers, use
a quantity near the flow-weighted mean concentration expected at the
standard or expected during testing, whichever is greater. For noise
verification, use the same zero gas from paragraph (d)(2) of this
section as the reference quantity. In all cases, allow time for the
instrument to stabilize while it measures the reference quantity.
Stabilization time may include time to purge an instrument and time to
account for its response.
    (5) Sample and record values for 30 seconds (you may select a
longer sampling period if the recording update frequency is less than
0.5 Hz), record the arithmetic mean, yi and record the
standard deviation, [sigma]i of the recorded values. Refer
to Sec.  1065.602 for an example of calculating arithmetic mean and
standard deviation.
* * * * *
    (7) Subtract the reference value, yref (or
yrefi), from the arithmetic mean, yi. Record this
value as the error, [egr]i.
* * * * *

0
285. Section 1065.307 is amended by revising paragraphs (c)(6),
(c)(11), (d), (e), and Table 1 of Sec.  1065.307 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.307  Linearity verification.

* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) For all measured quantities, use instrument manufacturer
recommendations and good engineering judgment to select reference
values, yrefi, that cover a range of values that you expect
would prevent extrapolation beyond these values during emission
testing. We recommend selecting a zero reference signal as one of the
reference values of the linearity verification. For pressure,
temperature, dewpoint, and GC-ECD linearity verifications, we recommend
at least three reference values. For all other linearity verifications
select at least ten reference values.
* * * * *
    (11) At a recording frequency of at least f Hz, specified in Table
1 of Sec.  1065.205, measure the reference value for 30 seconds (you
may select a longer sampling period if the recording update frequency
is less than 0.5 Hz) and record the arithmetic mean of the recorded
values, yi. Refer to Sec.  1065.602 for an example of
calculating an arithmetic mean.
* * * * *
    (d) Reference signals. This paragraph (d) describes recommended
methods for generating reference values for the linearity-verification
protocol in paragraph (c) of this section. Use reference values that
simulate actual values, or introduce an actual value and measure it
with a reference-measurement system. In the latter case, the reference
value is the value reported by the reference-measurement system.
Reference values and reference-measurement systems must be NIST-
traceable. We recommend using calibration reference quantities that are
NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty, if not specified otherwise in
other sections of this part 1065. Use the following recommended methods
to generate reference values or use good engineering judgment to select
a different reference:
    (1) Speed. Run the engine or dynamometer at a series of steady-
state speeds and use a strobe, a photo tachometer, or a laser
tachometer to record reference speeds.
    (2) Torque. Use a series of calibration weights and a calibration
lever arm to simulate engine torque. You may instead use the engine or
dynamometer itself to generate a nominal torque that is measured by a
reference load cell or proving ring in series with the torque-
measurement system. In this case use the reference load cell
measurement as the reference value. Refer to Sec.  1065.310 for a
torque-calibration procedure similar to the linearity verification in
this section.
    (3) Electrical power. Use a controlled source of current and a
watt-hour standard reference meter. Complete calibration systems that
contain a current source and a reference watt-hour meter are commonly
used in the electrical power distribution industry and are therefore
commercially available.
    (4) Fuel rate. Operate the engine at a series of constant fuel-flow
rates or re-circulate fuel back to a tank through the fuel flow meter
at different flow rates. Use a gravimetric reference measurement (such
as a scale, balance, or mass comparator) at the inlet to the fuel-
measurement system. Use a stopwatch or timer to measure the time
intervals over which reference masses of fuel are introduced to the
fuel measurement system. The reference fuel mass divided by the time
interval is the reference fuel flow rate.
    (5) Flow rates--inlet air, dilution air, diluted exhaust, raw
exhaust, or sample flow. Use a reference flow meter with a blower or
pump to simulate flow rates. Use a restrictor, diverter valve, a
variable-speed blower or a variable-speed pump to control the range of
flow rates. Use the reference meter's response as the reference values.
    (i) Reference flow meters. Because the flow range requirements for
these various flows are large, we allow a variety of reference meters.
For example, for diluted exhaust flow for a full-flow dilution system,
we recommend a reference subsonic venturi flow meter with a restrictor
valve and a blower to simulate flow rates. For inlet air, dilution air,
diluted exhaust for partial-flow dilution, raw exhaust, or sample flow,
we allow reference meters such as critical flow orifices, critical flow
venturis, laminar flow elements, master mass flow standards, or Roots
meters. Make sure the reference meter is calibrated by the flow-meter
manufacturer and its calibration is NIST-traceable. If you use the
difference of two flow measurements to determine a net flow rate, you
may use one of the measurements as a reference for the other.
    (ii) Reference flow values. Because the reference flow is not
absolutely constant, sample and record values of nrefi for
30 seconds and use the arithmetic mean of the values, nref,
as the reference value. Refer to Sec.  1065.602 for an example of
calculating arithmetic mean.
    (6) Gas division. Use one of the two reference signals:
    (i) At the outlet of the gas-division system, connect a gas
analyzer that meets the linearity verification described in this
section and has not been linearized with the gas divider being
verified. For example, verify the linearity of an analyzer using a
series of reference analytical gases directly from compressed gas
cylinders that meet the specifications of Sec.  1065.750. We recommend
using a FID analyzer or a PMD or MPD O2 analyzer because of
their inherent linearity. Operate this analyzer consistent with how you
would operate it during an emission test. Connect a span gas to the
gas-divider inlet. Use the gas-division system to divide the span gas
with purified air or nitrogen. Select gas divisions that you typically
use. Use a selected gas division as the measured value. Use the
analyzer response divided by the span gas concentration as the
reference gas-division value.

Because the instrument response is not absolutely constant, sample and
record values of xrefi for 30 seconds and use the arithmetic
mean of the values, xref, as the reference value. Refer to
Sec.  1065.602 for an example of calculating arithmetic mean.
    (ii) Using good engineering judgment and gas divider manufacturer
recommendations, use one or more reference flow meters to measure the
flow rates of the gas divider and verify the gas-division value.
    (7) Continuous constituent concentration. For reference values, use
a series of gas cylinders of known gas concentration or use a gas-
division system that is known to be linear with a span gas. Gas
cylinders, gas-division systems, and span gases that you use for
reference values must meet the specifications of Sec.  1065.750.
    (8) Temperature. You may perform the linearity verification for
temperature measurement systems with thermocouples, RTDs, and
thermistors by removing the sensor from the system and using a
simulator in its place. Use a NIST-traceable simulator that is
independently calibrated and, as appropriate, cold-junction
compensated. The simulator uncertainty scaled to temperature must be
less than 0.5% of Tmax. If you use this option, you must use
sensors that the supplier states are accurate to better than 0.5% of
Tmax compared with their standard calibration curve.
    (e) Measurement systems that require linearity verification. Table
1 of this section indicates measurement systems that require linearity
verifications, subject to the following provisions:
    (1) Perform a linearity verification more frequently based on the
instrument manufacturer's recommendation or good engineering judgment.
    (2) The expression ``xmin'' refers to the reference
value used during the linearity verification that is closest to zero.
This is the value used to calculate the first tolerance in Table 1 of
this section using the intercept, a0. Note that this value
may be zero, positive, or negative depending on the reference values.
For example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure
transducer vary from -10 to -1 kPa, xmin is -1 kPa. If the
reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from 290 to
390 K, xmin is 290 K.
    (3) The expression ``max'' generally refers to the absolute value
of the reference value used during the linearity verification that is
furthest from zero. This is the value used to scale the first and third
tolerances in Table 1 of this section using a0 and SEE. For
example, if the reference values chosen to validate a pressure
transducer vary from -10 to -1 kPa, then pmax is +10 kPa. If
the reference values used to validate a temperature device vary from
290 to 390 K, then Tmax is 390 K. For gas dividers where
``max'' is expressed as, xmax/xspan;
xmax is the maximum gas concentration used during the
verification, xspan is the undivided, undiluted, span gas
concentration, and the resulting ratio is the maximum divider point
reference value used during the verification (typically 1). The
following are special cases where ``max'' refers to a different value:
    (i) For linearity verification with a PM balance, mmax
refers to the typical mass of a PM filter.
    (ii) For linearity verification of torque on the engine's primary
output shaft, Tmax refers to the manufacturer's specified
engine torque peak value of the lowest torque engine to be tested.
    (4) The specified ranges are inclusive. For example, a specified
range of 0.98-1.02 for a1 means 0.98<=a1<=1.02.
    (5) These linearity verifications are optional for systems that
pass the flow-rate verification for diluted exhaust as described in
Sec.  1065.341 (the propane check) or for systems that agree within
2% based on a chemical balance of carbon or oxygen of the
intake air, fuel, and exhaust.
    (6) You must meet the a1 criteria for these quantities
only if the absolute value of the quantity is required, as opposed to a
signal that is only linearly proportional to the actual value.
    (7) Linearity checks are required for the following temperature
measurements:
    (i) The following temperature measurements always require linearity
checks:
    (A) Air intake.
    (B) Aftertreatment bed(s), for engines tested with aftertreatment
devices subject to cold-start testing.
    (C) Dilution air for PM sampling, including CVS, double-dilution,
and partial-flow systems.
    (D) PM sample, if applicable.
    (E) Chiller sample, for gaseous sampling systems that use thermal
chillers to dry samples and use chiller temperature to calculate the
dewpoint at the outlet of the chiller. For your testing, if you choose
to use a high alarm temperature setpoint for the chiller temperature as
a constant value in the amount of water calculations in Sec.  1065.645,
you may use good engineering judgment to verify the accuracy of the
high alarm temperature setpoint in lieu of the linearity verification
on the chiller temperature. We recommend that you input a reference
simulated temperature signal below the alarm trip point, increase this
signal until the high alarm trips, and verify that the alarm trip point
value is no less than 2.0 [deg]C below the reference value at the trip
point.
    (ii) Linearity checks are required for the following temperature
measurements if these temperature measurements are specified by the
engine manufacturer:
    (A) Fuel inlet.
    (B) Air outlet to the test cell's charge air cooler air outlet, for
engines tested with a laboratory heat exchanger that simulates an
installed charge air cooler.
    (C) Coolant inlet to the test cell's charge air cooler, for engines
tested with a laboratory heat exchanger that simulates an installed
charge air cooler.
    (D) Oil in the sump/pan.
    (E) Coolant before the thermostat, for liquid-cooled engines.
    (8) Linearity checks are required for the following pressure
measurements:
    (i) The following pressure measurements always require linearity
checks:
    (A) Air intake restriction.
    (B) Exhaust back pressure.
    (C) Barometer.
    (D) CVS inlet gage pressure.
    (E) Sample dryer, for gaseous sampling systems that use either
osmotic-membrane or thermal chillers to dry samples. For your testing,
if you choose to use a low alarm pressure setpoint for the sample dryer
pressure as a constant value in the amount of water calculations in
Sec.  1065.645, you may use good engineering judgment to verify the
accuracy of the low alarm pressure setpoint in lieu of the linearity
verification on the sample dryer pressure. We recommend that you input
a reference pressure signal above the alarm trip point, decrease this
signal until the low alarm trips, and verify that the trip point value
is no more than 4.0 kPa above the reference value at the trip point.
    (ii) Linearity checks are required for the following pressure
measurements if these pressure measurements are specified by the engine
manufacturer:
    (A) The test cell's charge air cooler and interconnecting pipe
pressure drop, for turbo-charged engines tested with a laboratory heat
exchanger that simulates an installed charge air cooler.
    (B) Fuel outlet.

                             Table 1 of Sec.   1065.307--Measurement Systems That Require Linearity Verifications--continued
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Linearity criteria
                                                    Minimum     ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Measurement system          Quantity       verification     [verbarlm]xmin(a1-1) + a0
                                                   frequency              [verbarlm]                a1                    SEE                   r 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Speed........................  fn............  Within 370 days   <=0.05% [middot] fnmax.....       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] fnmax.......  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                990
Torque.......................  T.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] Tmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] Tmax........  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                990
Electrical power.............  P.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] Pmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] Pmax........         >=0.990
                                                before testing.
Fuel flow rate...............  m.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] mmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] mmax........  0.9
                                                before testing.                                                                                90
Intake-air flow rate.........  n.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] nmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] nmax........         >=0.990
                                                before testing.
Dilution air flow rate.......  n.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] nmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] nmax........  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                990
Diluted exhaust..............  n.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] nmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] nmax........  =0.
flow rate....................                   before testing.                                                                                990
Raw exhaust flow rate........  n.............  Within 185 days   <=1% [middot] nmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] nmax........  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                990
Batch sampler flow rates.....  n.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] nmax.........       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] nmax........  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                990
Gas dividers.................  x/xspan.......  Within 370 days   <=0.5% [middot] xmax/xspan.       0.98-1.02  <=2% [middot] xmax/xspan..  0.9
                                                before testing.                                                                                90
Gas analyzers for laboratory   x.............  Within 35 days    <=0.5% [middot] xmax.......       0.99-1.01  <=1% [middot] xmax........  =0.
 testing.                                       before testing.                                                                                998
Gas analyzers for field        x.............  Within 35 days    <=1% [middot] xmax.........       0.99-1.01  <=1% [middot] xmax........  =0.
 testing.                                       before testing.                                                                                998
PM balance...................  m.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] mmax.........       0.99-1.01  <=1% [middot] mmax........  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                998
Pressures....................  p.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] pmax.........       0.99-1.01  <=1% [middot] pmax........  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                998
Dewpoint for intake air, PM-   Tdew..........  Within 370 days   <=0.5% [middot] Tdewmax....       0.99-1.01  <=0.5% [middot] Tdewmax...  =0.
 stabilization and balance                      before testing.                                                                                998
 environments.
Other dewpoint measurements..  Tdew..........  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] Tdewmax......       0.99-1.01  <=1% [middot] Tdewmax.....  =0.
                                                before testing.                                                                                998
Analog-to-digital conversion   T.............  Within 370 days   <=1% [middot] Tmax.........       0.99-1.01  <=1% [middot] Tmax........  =0.
 of temperature signals.                        before testing.                                                                                998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
286. Section 1065.309 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(2) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.309  Continuous gas analyzer system-response and updating-
recording verification--for gas analyzers continuously compensated for
other gas species.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (2) Equipment setup. We recommend using minimal lengths of gas
transfer lines between all connections and fast-acting three-way valves
(2 inlets, 1 outlet) to control the flow of zero and blended span gases
to the sample system's probe inlet or a tee near the outlet of the
probe. Normally the gas flow rate is higher than the probe sample flow
rate and the excess is overflowed out the inlet of the probe. If the
gas flow rate is lower than the probe flow rate, the gas concentrations
must be adjusted to account for the dilution from ambient air drawn
into the probe. Select span gases for the species being continuously
combined, other than H2O. Select concentrations of
compensating species that will yield concentrations of these species at
the analyzer inlet that covers the range of concentrations expected
during testing. You may use binary or multi-gas span gases. You may use
a gas blending or mixing device to blend span gases. A gas blending or
mixing device is recommended when blending span gases diluted in
N2 with span gases diluted in air. You may use a multi-gas
span gas, such as NO-CO-CO2-C3H8-
CH4, to verify multiple analyzers at the same time. In
designing your experimental setup, avoid pressure pulsations due to
stopping the flow through the gas blending device. If H2O
correction is applicable, then span gases must be humidified before
entering the analyzer; however, you may not humidify NO2
span gas by passing it through a sealed humidification vessel that
contains water. You must humidify NO2 span gas with another
moist gas stream. We recommend humidifying your NO-CO-CO2-
C3H8-CH4, balance N2
blended gas by flowing the gas mixture through a sealed vessel that
humidifies the gas by bubbling it through distilled water and then
mixing the gas with dry NO2 gas, balance purified synthetic
air. If your system does not use a sample dryer to remove water from
the sample gas, you must humidify your span gas to the highest sample
H2O content that you estimate during emission sampling. If
your system uses a sample dryer during testing, it must pass the sample
dryer verification check in Sec.  1065.342, and you must humidify your
span gas to an H2O content greater than or equal to the
level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2). If you are humidifying span
gases without NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure
that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves
from the humidifying system to the probe are above the dewpoint
required for the target H2O content. If you are humidifying
span gases with NO2, use good engineering judgment to ensure
that there is no condensation in the transfer lines, fittings, or
valves from the point where humidified gas is mixed

with NO2 span gas to the probe. We recommend that you design
your setup so that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines,
fittings, and valves from the humidifying system to the probe are at
least 5 [deg]C above the local sample gas dewpoint. Operate the
measurement and sample handling system as you do for emission testing.
Make no modifications to the sample handling system to reduce the risk
of condensation. Flow humidified gas through the sampling system before
this check to allow stabilization of the measurement system's sampling
handling system to occur, as it would for an emission test.
* * * * *

0
287. Section 1065.315 is amended by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.315  Pressure, temperature, and dewpoint calibration.

    (a) * * *
    (2) Temperature. We recommend digital dry-block or stirred-liquid
temperature calibrators, with data logging capabilities to minimize
transcription errors. We recommend using calibration reference
quantities that are NIST-traceable within 0.5% uncertainty. You may
perform the linearity verification for temperature measurement systems
with thermocouples, RTDs, and thermistors by removing the sensor from
the system and using a simulator in its place. Use a NIST-traceable
simulator that is independently calibrated and, as appropriate, cold-
junction compensated. The simulator uncertainty scaled to temperature
must be less than 0.5% of Tmax. If you use this option, you
must use sensors that the supplier states are accurate to better than
0.5% of Tmax compared with their standard calibration curve.
* * * * *

0
288. Section 1065.342 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (c),
(d)(4), and (d)(7) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.342  Sample dryer verification.

    (a) Scope and frequency. If you use a sample dryer as allowed in
Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) to remove water from the sample gas, verify the
performance upon installation, after major maintenance, for thermal
chiller. For osmotic membrane dryers, verify the performance upon
installation, after major maintenance, and within 35 days of testing.
* * * * *
    (c) System requirements. The sample dryer must meet the
specifications as determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for dewpoint,
Tdew, and absolute pressure, ptotal, downstream
of the osmotic-membrane dryer or thermal chiller.
    (d) * * *
    (4) Maintain the sample lines, fittings, and valves from the
location where the humidified gas water content is measured to the
inlet of the sampling system at a temperature at least 5 [deg]C above
the local humidified gas dewpoint. For dryers used in NOX
sample systems, verify the sample system components used in this
verification prevent aqueous condensation as required in Sec.
1065.145(d)(1)(i). We recommend that the sample system components be
maintained at least 5 [deg]C above the local humidified gas dewpoint to
prevent aqueous condensation.
* * * * *
    (7) The sample dryer meets the verification if the dewpoint at the
sample dryer pressure as measured in paragraph (d)(6) of this section
is less than the dewpoint corresponding to the sample dryer
specifications as determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) plus 2 [deg]C or
if the mole fraction of water as measured in (d)(6) is less than the
corresponding sample dryer specifications plus 0.002 mol/mol.
* * * * *

0
289. Section 1065.345 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and
(e)(1)(iii) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.345  Vacuum-side leak verification.

    (a) Scope and frequency. Verify that there are no significant
vacuum-side leaks using one of the leak tests described in this
section. For laboratory testing, perform the vacuum-side leak
verification upon initial sampling system installation, within 8 hours
before the start of the first test interval of each duty-cycle
sequence, and after maintenance such as pre-filter changes. For field
testing, perform the vacuum-side leak verification after each
installation of the sampling system on the vehicle, prior to the start
of the field test, and after maintenance such as pre-filter changes.
This verification does not apply to any full-flow portion of a CVS
dilution system.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (iii) Close a leak-tight valve located in the sample transfer line
within 92 cm of the probe.
* * * * *

0
290. Section 1065.350 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.350  H2O interference verification for CO2 NDIR analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) Procedure. Perform the interference verification as follows:
    (1) Start, operate, zero, and span the CO2 NDIR analyzer
as you would before an emission test. If the sample is passed through a
dryer during emission testing, you may run this verification test with
the dryer if it meets the requirements of Sec.  1065.342. Operate the
dryer at the same conditions as you will for an emission test. You may
also run this verification test without the sample dryer.
    (2) Create a humidified test gas by bubbling zero gas that meets
the specifications in Sec.  1065.750 through distilled water in a
sealed vessel. If the sample is not passed through a dryer during
emission testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an
H2O level at least as high as the maximum expected during
emission testing. If the sample is passed through a dryer during
emission testing, control the vessel temperature to generate an
H2O level at least as high as the level determined in Sec.
1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer.
    (3) Introduce the humidified test gas into the sample system. You
may introduce it downstream of any sample dryer, if one is used during
testing.
    (4) If the sample is not passed through a dryer during this
verification test, measure the water mole fraction, xH2O, of
the humidified test gas, as close as possible to the inlet of the
analyzer. For example, measure dewpoint, Tdew, and absolute
pressure, ptotal, to calculate xH2O. Verify that
the water content meets the requirement in paragraph (d)(2) of this
section. If the sample is passed through a dryer during this
verification test, you must verify that the water content of the
humidified test gas downstream of the vessel meets the requirement in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section based on either direct measurement of
the water content (e.g., dewpoint and pressure) or an estimate based on
the vessel pressure and temperature. Use good engineering judgment to
estimate the water content. For example, you may use previous direct
measurements of water content to verify the vessel's level of
saturation.
    (5) If a sample dryer is not used in this verification test, use
good engineering judgment to prevent condensation in the transfer
lines, fittings, or valves from the point where xH2O is
measured to the analyzer. We recommend that you design your system so
the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves from
the point where xH2O is measured to the analyzer are at

least 5 [deg]C above the local sample gas dewpoint.
    (6) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize.
Stabilization time may include time to purge the transfer line and to
account for analyzer response.
    (7) While the analyzer measures the sample's concentration, record
30 seconds of sampled data. Calculate the arithmetic mean of this data.
The analyzer meets the interference verification if this value is
within (0 0.4) mmol/mol.

0
291. Section 1065.355 is amended by revising paragraphs (d) and (e)(1)
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.355  H2O and CO2 interference verification for CO NDIR
analyzers.

* * * * *
    (d) Procedure. Perform the interference verification as follows:
    (1) Start, operate, zero, and span the CO NDIR analyzer as you
would before an emission test. If the sample is passed through a dryer
during emission testing, you may run this verification test with the
dryer if it meets the requirements of Sec.  1065.342. Operate the dryer
at the same conditions as you will for an emission test. You may also
run this verification test without the sample dryer.
    (2) Create a humidified CO2 test gas by bubbling a
CO2 span gas that meets the specifications in Sec.  1065.750
through distilled water in a sealed vessel. If the sample is not passed
through a dryer during emission testing, control the vessel temperature
to generate an H2O level at least as high as the maximum
expected during emission testing. If the sample is passed through a
dryer during emission testing, control the vessel temperature to
generate an H2O level at least as high as the level
determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2) for that dryer. Use a CO2
span gas concentration at least as high as the maximum expected during
testing.
    (3) Introduce the humidified CO2 test gas into the
sample system. You may introduce it downstream of any sample dryer, if
one is used during testing.
    (4) If the sample is not passed through a dryer during this
verification test, measure the water mole fraction, xH2O, of
the humidified CO2 test gas as close as possible to the
inlet of the analyzer. For example, measure dewpoint, Tdew,
and absolute pressure, ptotal, to calculate xH2O.
Verify that the water content meets the requirement in paragraph (d)(2)
of this section. If the sample is passed through a dryer during this
verification test, you must verify that the water content of the
humidified test gas downstream of the vessel meets the requirement in
paragraph (d)(2) of this section based on either direct measurement of
the water content (e.g., dewpoint and pressure) or an estimate based on
the vessel pressure and temperature. Use good engineering judgment to
estimate the water content. For example, you may use previous direct
measurements of water content to verify the vessel's level of
saturation.
    (5) If a sample dryer is not used in this verification test, use
good engineering judgment to prevent condensation in the transfer
lines, fittings, or valves from the point where xH2O is
measured to the analyzer. We recommend that you design your system so
that the wall temperatures in the transfer lines, fittings, and valves
from the point where xH2O is measured to the analyzer are at
least 5 [deg]C above the local sample gas dewpoint.
    (6) Allow time for the analyzer response to stabilize.
Stabilization time may include time to purge the transfer line and to
account for analyzer response.
    (7) While the analyzer measures the sample's concentration, record
its output for 30 seconds. Calculate the arithmetic mean of this data.
    (8) The analyzer meets the interference verification if the result
of paragraph (d)(7) of this section meets the tolerance in paragraph
(c) of this section.
    (9) You may also run interference procedures for CO2 and
H2O separately. If the CO2 and H2O
levels used are higher than the maximum levels expected during testing,
you may scale down each observed interference value by multiplying the
observed interference by the ratio of the maximum expected
concentration value to the actual value used during this procedure. You
may run separate interference concentrations of H2O (down to
0.025 mol/mol H2O content) that are lower than the maximum
levels expected during testing, but you must scale up the observed
H2O interference by multiplying the observed interference by
the ratio of the maximum expected H2O concentration value to
the actual value used during this procedure. The sum of the two scaled
interference values must meet the tolerance in paragraph (c) of this
section.
    (e) * * *
    (1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your CO sampling system and your emission-calculation
procedures, the combined CO2 and H2O interference
for your CO NDIR analyzer always affects your brake-specific CO
emission results within 0.5% of the applicable CO standard.
* * * * *

0
292. Section 1065.360 is amended by revising paragraph (e)(2) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.360  FID optimization and verification.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) If RFCH4[THC-FID] is not within the tolerance
specified in this paragraph (e), re-optimize the FID response as
described in paragraph (c) of this section.
* * * * *

0
293. Section 1065.370 is amended by revising paragraphs (e)(5) and
(g)(1) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.370  CLD CO2 and H2O quench verification.

* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (5) Humidify the NO span gas by bubbling it through distilled water
in a sealed vessel. If the humidified NO span gas sample does not pass
through a sample dryer for this verification test, control the vessel
temperature to generate an H2O level approximately equal to
the maximum mole fraction of H2O expected during emission
testing. If the humidified NO span gas sample does not pass through a
sample dryer, the quench verification calculations in Sec.  1065.675
scale the measured H2O quench to the highest mole fraction
of H2O expected during emission testing. If the humidified
NO span gas sample passes through a dryer for this verification test,
control the vessel temperature to generate an H2O level at
least as high as the level determined in Sec.  1065.145(e)(2). For this
case, the quench verification calculations in Sec.  1065.675 do not
scale the measured H2O quench.
* * * * *
    (g) * * *
    (1) You may omit this verification if you can show by engineering
analysis that for your NOX sampling system and your emission
calculation procedures, the combined CO2 and H2O
interference for your NOX CLD analyzer always affects your
brake-specific NOX emission results within no more than
1.0% of the applicable NOX standard. If you
certify to a combined emission standard (such as a NOX +
NMHC standard), scale your NOX results to the combined
standard based on the measured results (after incorporating
deterioration factors, if applicable). For example, if your final
NOX + NMHC value is half of the emission standard,

double the NOX result to estimate the level of
NOX emissions corresponding to the applicable standard.
* * * * *

0
294. Section 1065.390 is amended by revising paragraph (d)(9) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.390  PM balance verifications and weighing process
verification.

* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (9) If any of the reference filters' observed mass changes by more
than that allowed under this paragraph, you must invalidate all PM mass
determinations made since the last successful reference media (e.g.
filter) mass validation. You may discard reference PM media (e.g.
filters) if only one of the filter's mass changes by more than the
allowable amount and you can positively identify a special cause for
that filter's mass change that would not have affected other in-process
filters. Thus, the validation can be considered a success. In this
case, you do not have to include the contaminated reference media when
determining compliance with paragraph (d)(10) of this section, but the
affected reference filter must be immediately discarded and replaced
prior to the next weighing session.
* * * * *

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
295. Section 1065.501 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(2) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1065.501  Overview.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) Steady-state cycles. Steady-state duty cycles are typically
specified in the standard-setting part as a list of discrete operating
points (modes or notches), where each operating point has one value of
a normalized speed command and one value of a normalized torque (or
power) command. Ramped-modal cycles for steady-state testing also list
test times for each mode and transition times between modes where speed
and torque are linearly ramped between modes, even for cycles with %
power. Start a steady-state cycle as a hot running test, where you
start to measure emissions after an engine is started, warmed up and
running. You may run a steady-state duty cycle as a discrete-mode cycle
or a ramped-modal cycle, as follows:
    (i) Discrete-mode cycles. Before emission sampling, stabilize an
engine at the first discrete mode. Sample emissions and other
parameters for that mode in the same manner as a transient cycle, with
the exception that reference speed and torque values are constant.
Record mean values for that mode, and then stabilize the engine at the
next mode. Continue to sample each mode discretely as separate test
intervals and calculate weighted emission results according to the
standard-setting part.
    (ii) Ramped-modal cycles. Perform ramped-modal cycles similar to
the way you would perform transient cycles, except that ramped-modal
cycles involve mostly steady-state engine operation. Generate a ramped-
modal duty cycle as a sequence of second-by-second (1 Hz) reference
speed and torque points. Run the ramped-modal duty cycle in the same
manner as a transient cycle and use the 1 Hz reference speed and torque
values to validate the cycle, even for cycles with % power.
Proportionally sample emissions and other parameters during the cycle
and use the calculations in subpart G of this part to calculate
emissions.
* * * * *

0
296. Section 1065.510 is amended by revising paragraphs (b)(5) and
(d)(5) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.510  Engine mapping.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (5) Perform one of the following:
    (i) For any engine subject only to steady-state duty cycles (i.e.,
discrete-mode or ramped-modal), you may perform an engine map by using
discrete speeds. Select at least 20 evenly spaced setpoints from 95% of
warm idle speed to the highest speed above maximum power at which 50%
of maximum power occurs. We refer to this 50% speed as the check point