                             SUPPORTING STATEMENT
	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal)

1. Identification of the Information Collection

      1(a) Title of the Information Collection

NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal), EPA ICR Number 2442.03, OMB Control Number 2060-0693.

      1(b) Short Characterization/Abstract

      The New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) were proposed on February 3, 2014 (79 FR 6330) and promulgated on March 16, 2015 (80 FR 13715). These regulations apply to new residential hydronic heaters, forced-air furnaces, or other central heaters manufactured either on or after May 15, 2015 and sold or distributed in the United States. This information is being collected to assure compliance with 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ.

      The residential hydronic heater and forced-air furnace NSPS establishes a certification program, instead of the usual NSPS requirement that each affected facility demonstrate compliance with emission limits through performance testing. Under this certification program, a single heating appliance is tested to demonstrate compliance with particulate matter (PM) emission limits for an entire model line which could consist of thousands of stoves. The use of    a certification approach significantly reduces the compliance burden, including information collection, for the manufacturers of hydronic heaters and forced-air furnaces. Each manufacturer subject to Subpart QQQQ is required to keep records of all documentation pertaining to the certification testing for each model line, the results of the quality assurance program inspections, and a sealed sample of each heater or furnace upon which certification tests were performed and certification granted. Each approved test laboratory and third-party certifier must maintain records consisting of all documentation pertaining to each certification test, quality assurance program inspection and audit test. Manufacturers must also submit the test reports and other documentation to EPA when they apply for a certificate of compliance for each model line. These reports, and records are essential in determining compliance, and are required of all affected facilities subject to NSPS.

      Under subpart QQQQ, hydronic heater and forced-air furnace manufacturers, testing laboratories, and third-party certifiers are required to submit reports to the EPA and to maintain records for demonstrating compliance with the NSPS. The information supplied by the manufacturer to the EPA is used: (1) to ensure that the best system of emission reduction is being applied to reduce emissions from hydronic heaters and forced-air furnaces; (2) to ensure that the appliance tested for certification purposes is in compliance with the applicable emission standards; (3) to provide assurance that non-tested production model appliances have emission performance characteristics similar to tested models; and (4) to provide an indicator of continued compliance. Information supplied to the EPA by testing laboratories and third-party certifiers is used to grant or deny laboratory accreditation and to assist in enforcement and compliance activities. Information supplied to the EPA by testing laboratories and certifying bodies/entities is used to grant or deny laboratory accreditation, assure continued test lab proficiency and to assist in enforcement and compliance activities.

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      Any manufacturer, approved test laboratory or third-party certifier subject to these provisions of this part shall maintain a file containing these documents and retain the file for      at least five years following the generation date of such reports and records.
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      There are approximately 32 hydronic heater manufacturers, 7 forced-air furnace manufacturers, and 11 laboratories acting as EPA-approved testing laboratories, third-party certifiers, or both (including 8 testing laboratories and 8 third-party certifiers) (aka: the "Affected Public") that would be subject to this final rule. There is some overlap between the approved testing labs and third-party certifiers. None of these facilities are owned by either state, local, tribal or the Federal government. They are all owned and operated by privately-owned, for-profit businesses. We assume that they will all respond to EPA inquiries.
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      The phased implementation schedule of the final rule along with the two-step PM emission standards approach (with phased compliance dates) results in differing recordkeeping and reporting impacts. For purposes of this supporting statement, we refer to these steps as Step 1 and Step 2. The compliance date for meeting Step 1 emission standards provided in the rule occurs in 2015, and the compliance date for meeting Step 2 emission standards provided in the rule occurs on May 15, 2020. The `burden' to the Affected Public (the recordkeeping and reporting burden cost estimates as a result of the subpart QQQQ final rule for years 2019 to 2021) may be found below in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal). The Federal government's burden associated with the review of the reports submitted by the respondents may be found below in Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal).
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       Based on our consultations with industry representatives, there are an average of one affected facility at each plant site and that each plant site has only one respondent (i.e., the owner/operator of the plant site).
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      Over the next three years, approximately 50 respondents (32 hydronic heater manufacturers with 127 model lines, 7 forced-air furnace manufacturers with 19 model lines, and 11 laboratories that are either EPA-approved testing laboratories or third-party certifiers or both) per year will be subject to these standards, and no additional respondents per year will become subject to these same standards. The estimate of the number of respondents is based on recent EPA certification data and reflects new EPA-approved test laboratories and third-party certifiers.
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      The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the currently-active ICR without any "Terms of Clearance".

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2. Need for and Use of the Collection
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      2(a) Need/Authority for the Collection
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      The EPA is charged under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as amended, to establish standards of performance for new stationary sources that reflect:
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            . . . application of the best technological system of continuous emissions reduction which (taking into consideration the cost of achieving such emissions reduction, or any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements) the Administrator determines has been adequately demonstrated. Section 111(a)(l).
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      The Agency refers to this charge as selecting the best demonstrated technology (BDT). Section 111 also requires that the Administrator review and, if appropriate, revise such standards every eight years. In addition, section 114(a) states that the Administrator may require any owner/operator subject to any requirement of this Act to:
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            (A) Establish and maintain such records; (B) make such reports; (C) install, use, and maintain such monitoring equipment, and use such audit procedures, or methods; (D) sample such emissions (in accordance with such procedures or methods, at such locations, at such intervals, during such periods, and in such manner as the Administrator shall prescribe); (E) keep records on control equipment parameters, production variables or other indirect data when direct monitoring of emissions is impractical; (F) submit compliance certifications in accordance with Section 114(a)(3); and (G) provide such other information as the Administrator may reasonably require.
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      In the Administrator's judgment, particulate matter emissions from wood burning hydronic heaters and forced-air furnaces either cause or contribute to air pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health and/or welfare. Therefore, the NSPS were promulgated for this source category at 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ.
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      2(b) Practical Utility/Users of the Data
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      The control of pollution from new residential hydronic heaters and forced-air       furnaces relies on the reduction of particulate matter emissions by proper appliance design.        A representative unit for each model line is subjected to a certification test for particulate matter emissions for a range of operating conditions. The manufacturer also contracts with a third-party certifier, which reviews the test reports and quality assurance (QA) plan and conducts periodic QA audits to ensure that hydronic heaters and forced-air furnaces manufactured subsequent to the initial certification test continue to comply with the NSPS. Manufacturers must either renew or recertify their model lines every 5 years, or when they make changes to the model line that would exceed specified parameters.

      The required certification test notification is used to inform the EPA when a new model line is expected to be tested. The EPA may then observe the testing, if desired. Emission test reports are needed as these are the EPA's record of a model line's initial capability to comply with these emission standards and serve as a record of the operating conditions under which compliance was achieved. The EPA compliance audit tests and QA annual audit reports are necessary to ensure continued compliance with the emission standards.

      Adequate recordkeeping and reporting are necessary to ensure compliance with these standards as required by the CAA. The information collected from recordkeeping and reporting requirements is used for targeting inspections and is of sufficient quality to be used as evidence in court.
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3. Non-duplication, Consultations, and Other Collection Criteria
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      The requested recordkeeping and reporting are required under 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ.
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      3(a) Non-duplication
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       If the subject standards have not been delegated, the information is sent directly to the appropriate EPA regional office. Otherwise, the information is sent directly to the delegated state or local agency. If a state or local agency has adopted its own similar standards to implement the Federal standards, a copy of the report submitted to the state or local agency can be sent to the Administrator in lieu of the report required by the Federal standards. Therefore, duplication does not exist.
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      3(b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR Submission to OMB
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      An announcement of a public comment period for the renewal of this ICR was published in the Federal Register (83 FR 24785) on May 30, 2018. No comments were received on the burden published in the Federal Register for this renewal.
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      3(c) Consultations
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      The Agency has consulted industry experts and internal data sources to project the number of affected facilities and industry growth over the next three years. The primary source of information as reported by industry, in compliance with the recordkeeping and reporting provisions in these standards, is the Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS). ICIS is EPA's database for the collection, maintenance, and retrieval of compliance data for industrial and government-owned facilities. The growth rate for the industry is based on our consultations with the Agency's internal industry experts. Approximately 50 respondents will be subject to these standards over the three-year period covered by this ICR, including 32 hydronic heater manufacturers, 7 forced air furnace manufacturers, and 11 laboratories. This estimate is consistent with estimates from the 2015 final rule, but also reflects adjustments to the number of manufacturers with active certifications and adds more recently-certified test laboratories and third-party certifiers.

      Industry trade associations and other interested parties were provided an opportunity to comment on the `burden' associated with these standards as it was being developed and these same standards have been reviewed previously to determine the minimum information needed for compliance purposes. In developing this ICR, we contacted both the Hearth, Patio, Barbecue Association (HPBA), at<PHONE_NUMBER>, and Myren Consulting, Inc., at<PHONE_NUMBER>. HPBA indicated that there the number of model lines have decreased following the 2015 final rule. HPBA also commented that a limited number of manufacturers have sought certifications prior to the effective date of the 2020 standards, based on industry consolidation. HPBA confirmed that there are currently 11 laboratories that operate as either test laboratories, third-party certifiers, or both (including 8 test laboratories and 8 third party certifiers). HPBA did not expect further growth in the biomass hearth industry or in the number of EPA-approved test labs, third-party certifiers, or manufacturers. The Agency considered the information provided by the HPBA; however, this information was based on: a review of sales data and trade materials, highlighting upward sales trends in 2018, that are expected to continue, and has retained the number of manufacturers, laboratories, and third-party certifiers for the purposes of this renewal.

	It is our policy to respond after a thorough review of comments received since the last ICR renewal, as well as for those submitted in response to the first Federal Register notice. In this case, no comments were received.
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      3(d) Effects of Less-Frequent Collection
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      Less-frequent information collection would decrease the margin of assurance that manufacturers are producing residential hydronic heaters and forced-air furnaces that: (1) pass the initial certification test, and (2) continue to be manufactured in a way that ensures continuous compliance with these emission standards. If the information required by these same standards were collected less frequently, the likelihood of detecting violations would be reduced.
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      3(e) General Guidelines
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      These reporting or recordkeeping requirements do not violate any of the regulations promulgated by OMB under 5 CFR Part 1320, Section 1320.5.
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      These standards require the respondents to maintain all records, including reports and notifications for at least five years. This is consistent with the General Provisions as applied to the standards. EPA believes that the five-year records retention requirement is consistent with the Part 70 permit program and the five-year statute of limitations on which the permit program is based. The retention of records for five years allows EPA to establish the compliance history of a source, any pattern of non-compliance, and to determine the appropriate level of enforcement action. EPA has found that the most flagrant violators have violations extending beyond five years. In addition, EPA would be prevented from pursuing the violators due to the destruction or nonexistence of essential records.
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      3(f) Confidentiality
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      Any information submitted to the Agency for which a claim of confidentiality is made will be safeguarded according to the Agency policies set forth in Title 40, chapter 1, part 2, subpart B - Confidentiality of Business Information (CBI) (see 40 CFR 2; 41 FR 36902, September 1, 1976; amended by 43 FR 40000, September 8, 1978; 43 FR 42251, September 20, 1978; 44 FR 17674, March 23, 1979).
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      3(g) Sensitive Questions
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      The reporting or recordkeeping requirements in these standards do not include sensitive questions.
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4. The Respondents and the Information Requested
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      4(a) Respondents/SIC Codes
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      The respondents to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements under NSPS Subpart QQQQ are manufacturers of new residential hydronic heaters and forced-air furnaces. NSPS Subpart QQQQ also applies to laboratories that conduct or plan to conduct hydronic heater and forced-air furnace certification tests (or that that plan to become third-party certifiers for manufacturers. The United States Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes and the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes for the respondents affected by the standards are shown in the following table.
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Standard (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ)

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SIC Codes

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NAICS Codes
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Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing
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3433
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333414
Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing
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3585
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333415
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Testing Laboratories
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8734
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541380
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      4(b) Information Requested
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            (i) Data Items
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      In this ICR, all the data that are recorded or reported is required by the NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, subpart QQQQ). The reporting and recordkeeping requirements for NSPS subpart QQQQ were uniquely designed for the manufacturers, third-party certifiers and testing laboratories. The records required by this regulation must be retained by the manufacturer, third-party certifier and/or test laboratory for five years.
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      A source must make the following reports:
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Notifications and Reports Required of Manufacturers
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Notification of the date that certification testing will begin
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§60.5476(h),
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Application for a certificate of compliance by a manufacturer
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§60.5475(b), §60.5475(f)(1)
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Request for waiver from submitting certification test results.
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§60.5475(g)
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Renewal of certification
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§60.5475(i)
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Statement of discontinuation of manufacture of model line
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§60.5475(i)
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Recertification when a change is made in heater design
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§60.5475(k)
Develop a Quality Assurance Program and submit with audits conducted by a third-party certifier
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§60.5475(m)
Review third-party certifier QA audit report and submit corrective actions and responses for any identified deficiencies
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§60.5475(m)(5)
Agree to a voluntary suspension of certification
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§60.5475(n)(3)(ii)(D)
Request that additional heaters from the same model line be tested
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§60.5475(n)(3)(iv)
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Biennial report including certification of compliance for each model line, sales for each model by state, and certification of no changes requiring recertification have been made
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§60.5479(d)
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Submittal of performance test data
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§60.5479(f)
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For each certified model line, post the non-CBI certification test report to the manufacturer's website.
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§60.5479(g)
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Various requests, submittals, motions, filings, etc., under hearing and appeal procedures.
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§60.5481
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Reports Required of Testing Laboratories
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Application for approval to test as an accredited test lab.
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§60.5477(a)
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Submit report of compliance audit test
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§60.5477(a)(2)(iv)
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Submit notifications of any suspended tests
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§60.5477(a)(2)(viii)
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Submit accreditation credentials and all proficiency test results
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§60.5479(b)
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Various requests, submittals, motions, filings, etc., under hearing and appeal procedures.
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§60.5481
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Reports Required of Third-Party Certifiers
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Report of unannounced QA program audits
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§60.5475(m)(4)
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Application for approval to be accredited as a third-party certifier
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§60.5477(d)
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Each certification test, quality assurance program inspection report and ISO-IEC accreditation credentials
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§60.5479(b)
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Various requests, submittals, motions, filings, etc., under hearing and appeal procedures.
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§60.5481
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      A source must keep the following records:
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Recordkeeping Required for Manufacturers
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Maintain records of all certification test data, results of QA program inspections, and emission test data
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§60.5479(a)
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Retain sealed wood heater for 5 years after the certification test of the model.
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§60.5479(c)
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Maintain records for R&D heaters that qualify for exemption under §60.5472(b)(2)
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§60.5479(h)
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Recordkeeping Required for Testing Laboratories
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Keep records of all documentation pertaining to certification tests, quality assurance program inspections and audit tests
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§60.5479(b)
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Recordkeeping Required for Third-Party Certifiers
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Keep records of all documentation pertaining to certification tests, quality assurance program inspections and audit tests
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§60.5479(b)
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Electronic Reporting
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      All reports are sent directly to the EPA electronically at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Data obtained from reports submitted and records maintained by the respondents will be used in compliance and enforcement programs.
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            (ii) Respondent Activities
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Respondent Activities

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Familiarization with the regulatory requirements.
Manufacturers must obtain a certificate of compliance for each model line of heater or furnace to be manufactured or sold, provide notification for testing, and conduct quality assurance activities.
Test laboratories must obtain EPA approval as a test lab and participate in a biennial proficiency testing program, and submit results of all proficiency tests to EPA.
Third party certifiers must obtain EPA approval as a certifier and submit reports of QA inspection audits, certification tests, QA inspection reports, and accreditation credentials to EPA.

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Write the notifications and reports listed above.

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Enter information required to be recorded above.

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Submit the required reports developing, acquiring, installing, and utilizing technology and systems for collecting, validating, and verifying information.

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Develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for processing and maintaining information.

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Develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for disclosing and providing information.

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Train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information.

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Transmit, or otherwise disclose the information.
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5. The Information Collected: Agency Activities, Collection Methodology, and Information Management
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      5(a) Agency Activities
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      EPA conducts the following activities in connection with the acquisition, analysis, storage, and distribution of the required information:
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Agency Activities

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Review applications for certification and renewal of certifications, audit reports, required to be submitted.

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Provide notice to manufacturers of EPA compliance audit tests.
Provide notice of revocation or suspension of certifications.
Review test laboratory applications and provide approvals or notice of intent to revoke laboratory accreditation.
Review third-party certifier applications and provide approvals or notice of intent to revoke certifier approvals.
Evaluate laboratory proficiency tests.

Audit facility records.
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Input, analyze, and maintain data in the Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) and ICIS.
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      5(b) Collection Methodology and Management
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      All reports are sent directly to the EPA electronically. Data obtained from reports submitted and records maintained by the respondents will be used in compliance and enforcement programs. Portions of the data obtained will be entered into a special database program maintained exclusively by the EPA and some of the data will be made available to the public on an EPA website. The EPA provides public access to the list of certified appliances and their emissions ratings on line at: (1) https://www.epa.gov/compliance/list-epa-certified-hydronic-heaters; and (2) https://www.epa.gov/compliance/list-epa-certified-forced-air-furnaces.
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       The records required by this regulation must be retained by the owner/operator for five years.
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      5(c) Small Entity Flexibility
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      Most of the manufacturers and laboratories affected by this rule are small entities (i.e., small businesses). A small entity for this industry is defined by the Small Business Administration as a firm having no more than 500 employees; therefore, the hydronic heater manufacturers, forced air furnace manufacturers, testing laboratories, and third-party certifiers are small entities. The impact on small entities (i.e., small businesses) was taken into consideration during the development of the regulation. EPA took efforts to reduce the burden imposed on the small businesses affected by this regulation by including provisions that allowed models with existing certifications that meet Step 1 emission standards that meet specified (conditional) criteria to be automatically certified until the Step 2 emission standards effective date (2020). EPA believes that allowing this automatic conditional certification approval and including phased compliance dates in the final rule allows additional time for sources to come into compliance and helps to reduce the burden on small businesses by spreading out research and development (R&D) costs over several years. The rule also includes QA program requirements that align with existing safety QA procedures, thus avoiding duplicative procedures. The Agency considers these to be the minimum requirements needed to ensure compliance and, therefore, cannot reduce them further for small entities.
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      5(d) Collection Schedule
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      The specific frequency for each information collection activity within this request is shown below in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal).
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6. Estimating the Burden and Cost of the Collection
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      Table 1 documents the computation of individual burdens for the recordkeeping and reporting requirements applicable to the industry for the subpart included in this ICR. The individual burdens are expressed under standardized headings believed to be consistent with the concept of "Burden' under the Paperwork Reduction Act. Where appropriate, specific tasks and major assumptions have been identified. Responses to this information collection are mandatory.
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      The Agency may neither conduct nor sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB Control Number.
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      6(a) Estimating Respondent Burden
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      The average annual burden to industry over the next three years from these record-keeping and reporting requirements is estimated to be 4,270 hours (Total Labor Hours from Table 1 below). These hours are based on Agency studies and background documents from the development of this regulation, Agency knowledge and experience with the NSPS program, the previously-approved ICR, and any comments received.
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      6(b) Estimating Respondent Costs
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            (i) Estimating Labor Costs
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      This ICR uses the following labor rates:
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            Managerial	$147.40 ($70.19+ 110%)
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            Technical	$117.92 ($56.15 + 110%)
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            Clerical	$57.02 ($27.15 + 110%)
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These rates are from the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 2018, "Table 2. Civilian Workers, by occupational and industry group." The rates are from column 1, "Total compensation." The rates have been increased by 110 percent to account for the benefit packages available to those employed by private industry.
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            (ii) Estimating Capital/Startup and Operation and Maintenance Costs
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      The type of industry costs associated with the information collection activities in the subject standards are both labor costs, which are addressed elsewhere in this ICR, and the costs associated with testing, audits, labeling, and development of manuals. The capital/startup costs are one-time costs when a facility becomes subject to the regulation. Due to the nature of these standards, there are no operation and maintenance (O&M) costs.
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            (iii) Capital/Startup vs. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
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                                      (A)
                                      (B)
                                      (C)
                                      (D)
                            Data Collection Device
               Capital/Start-Up for One Respondent/Unit per Year
                  Number of New Respondents/Models per Year
                      Total Capital/Start-Up Cost
(B x C)
Certification Test [a]
                               $55,000 per model
                                   49 models
                                  $2,695,000
Cost of Permanent Label [b]
                               $1,250 per model
                                   49 models
                                   $61,250
QA Performance Test [c]
                            $55,000 per respondent
                                13 respondents
                                   $715,000
EPA Compliance Audit Test d
                            $63,564 per respondent
                                  0.33 model
                                   $20,976
Owners Manual [e]
                               $3,750 per model
                                   49 models
                                   $183,750
ISO Accreditation-Test Laboratories [f]
                            $75,000 per respondent
                                 3 respondents
                                   $225,000
ISO Accreditation-Third-Party Certifiers [g]
                            $75,000 per respondent
                                 5 respondents
                                   $375,000
Annual Totals [h]

                                  $4,280,000
[a] We assume that manufacturers will test approximately 49 new models per year (127 hydronic heater models + 19 forced-air furnace models / 3 years = 48.667 models or 49 models) at a cost of $55,000 per test (includes EPA testing ($30,000), confirmation safety testing or full safety testing ($22,500), and shipping of prototype(s)($2,500) costs)) and apply to meet Step 2 emission standards during the three year ICR period.
[b] Total costs of permanent labels are estimated to be $1,250 per model line.
[c] Assumes each of the manufacturers will be required to test one of their models under their QA program during the period covered by this ICR (2019-2021) at $55,000 per test (includes EPA testing ($30,000), confirmation safety testing or full safety testing ($22,500), and shipping of prototype(s)($2,500) costs) (39 manufacturers * 1 model / 3 years = 13 manufacturers/model/year).
[d] Assumes one model line will be audited by EPA during the three-year ICR period (2019  -  2021) (1 model / 3 years = 0.33 model/year). Costs assume the cost of one appliance (based on the average cost of three appliances: 1 outdoor ($11,571) and 1 indoor ($11,543) hydronic heater and 1 forced-air furnace ($2,579)) plus the cost of testing at $55,000 (assumes EPA testing costs of $30,000, full safety cost of $22,500 and $2,500 in shipping costs).
e Assumes an average fixed cost of $3,750 for owner's manual (revised or new, possibly bilingual) per model line certified.
[f] 8 testing labs are ISO-accredited. 8 labs are currently certified by EPA, and 3 labs would require recertification following 2020. We assume an average cost to obtain ISO accreditation is $75,000 based on cost estimates provided by manufacturers.
[g] 8 third-party certifiers are ISO accredited. 8 are currently certified by EPA and 5 would require recertification following 2020. We assume an average cost to obtain ISO accreditation is $75,000 based on cost estimates provided by manufacturers.
[h] Totals have been rounded to 3 significant figures. Figures may not add exactly due to rounding.
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      The total annual capital/startup costs for this ICR are $4,280,000. This is the total of column D in the above table.
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      The total operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for this ICR are $0.
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      The average annual cost for capital/startup and operation and maintenance costs to industry over the next three years of the ICR is estimated to be $4,280,000. These are recordkeeping costs.
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      6(c) Estimating Agency Burden and Cost
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      The only costs to the Agency are those costs associated with analysis of the reported information. EPA's overall compliance and enforcement program includes such activities as the examination of records maintained by the respondents, periodic inspection of sources of emissions, and the publication and distribution of collected information.
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      The average annual Agency cost during the three years of the ICR is estimated to be $44,000.
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      This cost is based on the average hourly labor rate as follows:

		Managerial	$65.71 (GS-13, Step 5, $41.07 + 60%)
		Technical	$48.75 (GS-12, Step 1, $30.47 + 60%)
		Clerical	$26.38 (GS-6, Step 3, $16.49 + 60%)
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      These rates are from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), 2018 General Schedule, which excludes locality rates of pay. The rates have been increased by 60 percent to account for the benefit packages available to government employees. Details upon which this estimate is based appear below in Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal).
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      6(d) Estimating the Respondent Universe and Total Burden and Costs
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      Based on our research for this ICR, on average over the next three years, approximately 50 existing respondents will be subject to these standards. It is estimated that no additional respondents per year will become subject to these same standards. The overall average number of respondents, as shown in the table below, is 50 per year. There are an estimated 39 existing manufacturers that will be subject to the NSPS, and an additional 11 testing laboratories/third-party certifiers will also be subject to the NSPS.
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      The number of respondents is calculated using the following table that addresses the three years covered by this ICR:
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Number of Respondents

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Respondents That Submit Reports

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Respondents That Do Not Submit Any Reports

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Year

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(A)
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Number of New Respondents [1]

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(B)
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Number of Existing Respondents

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(C)
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Number of Existing Respondents that keep records but do not submit reports

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(D)
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Number of Existing Respondents That Are Also New Respondents

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Respondents
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E=A+B+C-D)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      [1] New respondents include sources with constructed, reconstructed and modified affected facilities.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Column D is subtracted to avoid double-counting respondents. As shown above, the average Number of Respondents over the three-year period of this ICR is 50.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total number of annual responses per year is calculated using the following table:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                            Total Annual Responses
                                      (A)
                                      (B)
                                      (C)
                                      (D)
                                      (E)
                        Information Collection Activity
                             Number of Respondents
                              Number of Responses
  Number of Existing Respondents That Keep Records But Do Not Submit Reports
                       Total Annual Responses
E=(BxC)+D
Manufacturers

Certification test notification
                                      39
                                     1.25
                                      N/A
                                     48.7
Application for certification/re-certification
                                      39
                                     1.25
                                      N/A
                                     48.7
Biennial reporting
                                      39
                                      1.9
                                      N/A
                                      73
EPA compliance audit testing
                                       1
                                     0.33
                                      N/A
                                       0
QA performance test results
                                      39
                                     0.33
                                      N/A
                                      13
QA annual audit reports
                                       8
                                     4.88
                                      N/A
                                      39
Review annual QA audit report
                                      39
                                     0.33
                                      N/A
                                      13
Test Laboratories

Application for test lab approval - already has ISO accreditation
                                       5
                                       0
                                      N/A
                                       0
Application for test lab approval - needs to obtain ISO accreditation
                                       3
                                       1
                                      N/A
                                       3
Biennial proficiency testing and report development
                                       8
                                      0.5
                                      N/A
                                       4
Third-Party Certifiers

Application for approval as a third-party certifier - already has ISO accreditation
                                       3
                                       0
                                      N/A
                                       0
Application for approval as a third-party certifier - already has ISO accreditation
                                       5
                                       1
                                      N/A
                                       5
Certification test, QA program report, credentials
                                       8
                                      12
                                      N/A
                                      39

                                     Total
                                      287
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The number of Total Annual Responses is 287.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total annual labor costs are $486,000. Details regarding these estimates may be found below in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      6(e) Bottom Line Burden Hours and Cost Tables
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The detailed bottom line burden hours and cost calculations for the respondents and the Agency are shown below in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, and summarized below.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (i) Respondent Tally
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total annual labor hours are 4,270 hours. Details regarding these estimates may be found below in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      We assume that burdens for managerial tasks take 5% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical tasks for managers are to review and approve reports. Clerical burdens are assumed to take 10% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical duties of clerical staff are to proofread the reports, make copies and maintain records.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Furthermore, the annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 15 hours per response.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total annual capital/startup and O&M costs to the regulated entity are $4,280,000. The cost calculations are detailed in Section 6(b)(iii), Capital/Startup vs. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (ii) The Agency Tally
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The average annual Agency burden and cost over next three years is estimated to be 925 labor hours at a cost of $44,000; see below in Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      We assume that burdens for managerial tasks take 5% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical tasks for managers are to review and approve reports. Clerical burdens are assumed to take 10% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical duties of clerical staff are to proofread the reports, make copies, and maintain records.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      6(f) Reasons for Change in Burden
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The increase in burden from the most recently-approved ICR is due to an increase in the number of respondents and an increase in the number of testing labs and third-party certifiers. The increase in burden is also due to an adjustment to the burden for reporting by third-party certifiers to include burden for submittal of certifications, QA audit program reports, and credentials. Additionally, there is an increase in the annual average capital/startup costs as compared with the costs in the previous ICR, due to a number of testing labs and third-party certifiers expected to re-apply for re-accreditation in the three-year period. The overall result is an increase in the number of both responses and the burden.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      6(g) Burden Statement
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 15 hours per response. `Burden' means the total time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or provide information either to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      An agency may neither conduct nor sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to,   a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB Control Number. The OMB Control Numbers for EPA regulations are listed at 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.

	To comment on the Agency's need for this information, the accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing respondent burden, including the use of automated collection techniques, EPA has established a public docket for this ICR under Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OECA-2018-0250. An electronic version of the public docket is available at http://www.regulations.gov/, which may be used to obtain a copy of the draft collection of information, submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the contents of the docket, and to access those documents in the public docket that are available electronically. When in the system, select "search," then key in the docket ID number identified in this document. The documents are also available for public viewing at the Enforcement and Compliance Docket and Information Center in the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), WJC West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC. The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Reading Room is<PHONE_NUMBER>, and the telephone number for the docket center is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Also, you can send comments to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503, Attention: Desk Officer for EPA. Please include the EPA Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OECA-2018-0250 and OMB Control Number 2060-0693 in any correspondence.

Part B of the Supporting Statement

This part is not applicable because no statistical methods were used in collecting this information.

Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal)
                                 Burden Item
                        (A)
Person-hours per occurrence
                (B)
No. of occurrences per respondent per year
                   (C)
Person-hours per respondent
(C=AxB)
                           (D)
Respondents per year
                     (E)
Technical hours per year
(E=CxD)
                  (F)
Management hours per year[a]
(F=Ex0.05)
                (G)
Clerical person-hours per year[a]
(G=Ex0.1)
                         (H)
Total Cost per year,$ [b]
Reporting Requirements

Manufacturers

1. Certification test notification [c]
                                       2
                                     1.25
                                       2
                                      39
                                     97.3
                                      4.9
                                      9.7
                                                                     $12,750.08
2. Application for certification [c]
                                       8
                                     1.25
                                      10
                                      39
                                     389.3
                                     19.5
                                     38.9
                                                                     $51,000.33
3. Biennial reporting [d]
                                       2
                                      1.9
                                       4
                                      39
                                     146.0
                                      7.3
                                     14.6
                                                                     $19,125.12
4. EPA compliance audit testing [e]
                                       8
                                     0.33
                                      2.7
                                       1
                                      2.7
                                      0.1
                                      0.3
                                                                        $348.97
5. QA performance test results f
                                       2
                                     0.33
                                       1
                                      39
                                     26.0
                                      1.3
                                      2.6
                                                                      $3,402.44
6. QA annual audit reports [g, h]
                                      20
                                     4.88
                                     97.5
                                       8
                                     780.0
                                     39.0
                                     78.0
                                                                    $102,175.32
7. Review annual QA audit report [g]
                                       4
                                     0.33
                                      1.3
                                      39
                                     52.0
                                      2.6
                                      5.2
                                                                      $6,811.69
Test Laboratories

1. Application for test lab approval [h]

a. Already has ISO accreditation
                                      20
                                       0
                                       0
                                       5
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                                                             $0
b. Needs to obtain ISO accreditation
                                      80
                                       1
                                      80
                                       3
                                     240.0
                                     12.0
                                     24.0
                                                                        $31,439
2. Biennial proficiency testing and report development i
                                      150
                                      0.5
                                      75
                                       8
                                     600.0
                                     30.0
                                     60.0
                                                                     $78,596.40
Third-Party Certifier

1. Application for approval as a third-party certifier j

a. Already has ISO accreditation
                                      20
                                       0
                                       0
                                       3
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                                                             $0
b. Needs to obtain ISO accreditation
                                      80
                                       1
                                      80
                                       5
                                     400.0
                                     20.0
                                     40.0
                                                                        $52,398
2. Certification test, QA program report, credentials k
                                       2
                                      12
                                      23
                                       8
                                     185.3
                                      9.3
                                     18.5
                                                                        $24,278
Subtotal for Reporting Requirements

                                     3,356
                                                                    $382,324.07
Recordkeeping Requirements

Manufacturers

1. Test and re-certification documentation [l]
                                       1
                                     1.25
                                       1
                                      39
                                     48.7
                                      2.4
                                      4.9
                                                                      $6,375.04
2. QA parameter inspections [m]
                                       2
                                       4
                                       8
                                      39
                                     312.0
                                     15.6
                                     31.2
                                                                     $40,870.13
3. Retained (sealed) stoves [n]
                                       1
                                     1.25
                                       1
                                      39
                                     48.7
                                      2.4
                                      4.9
                                                                      $6,375.04
Test Laboratories

1. Certification test, proficiency test, and audit test results [o]
                                       2
                                      12
                                      24
                                       8
                                     192.0
                                      9.6
                                     19.2
                                                                     $25,150.85
Third-Party Certifier

1. Certification test, QA program inspection and audit tests [p]
                                       2
                                      12
                                      24
                                       8
                                     192.0
                                      9.6
                                     19.2
                                                                     $25,150.85
Subtotal for Recordkeeping Requirements

                                      912
                                                                    $103,922.00
TOTAL Labor Burden and Costs (rounded) [q]

                                     4,270
                                                                       $486,000
TOTAL Capital and O&M Costs (rounded) [q]

                                                                     $4,280,000
GRAND TOTAL (rounded) [q]

                                                                     $4,770,000
Footnotes:
[a] Management person-hours and clerical person-hours are assumed to be 5 percent and 10 percent of technical person-hours, respectively.
[b] This ICR uses the following labor rates: $147.40 per hour for Executive, Administrative, and Managerial labor; $117.92 per hour for Technical labor, and $57.02 per hour for Clerical labor.  These rates are from the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 2018, "Table 2. Civilian Workers, by Occupational and Industry group."  The rates are from column 1, "Total Compensation."  The rates have been increased by 110% to account for the benefit packages available to those employed by private industry.
[c] Assume there are 32 hydronic heater manufacturers with 127 model lines and 7 forced-air furnace manufacturers with 19 model lines. Over the next three years, assume a like number of existing models certified to 2015 standards are replaced with models certified to 2020 standards and certification testing is performed.
[d] Manufacturers submit a report for every certified model 0.5 times per year, at 2 hours per report.
[e] Assumes that one of the manufacturers will be required to undergo an EPA compliance audit test for one of their models during the three-year ICR period.
[f] Assumes that there will be one QA audit performance test per manufacturer under the QA program during the 3-year period.
g 40 CFR 60.5475(m) requires an annual audit of the QA plan for each model line. Assumes there will be three QA audits by third-party certifiers for each of the 39 manufacturers over the three-year ICR period and each of these audit reports will be reviewed by the manufacturer (in all cases) and may require preparing a response to the audit (in cases where deficiencies are identified).
[h] Assume that there are 11 laboratories acting as testing labs and/or third-party certifiers, including 8 testing labs. The 8 testing labs are currently certified by EPA; 3 testing labs are certified through the end of 2020 and would be anticipated to reapply for re-accreditation in the three-year period.
[i] Assume 8 testing labs participate in proficiency testing every 2 years. 40 CFR 5479(b) requires that each approved test laboratory submit accreditation credentials and all proficiency test results to the Administrator.
[j] Assume 8 third-party certifiers are ISO accredited and currently certified by EPA; 5 third-party certifiers are certified through the end of 2020 and would be anticipated to reapply for re-accreditation in the three-year period.
[k] 40 CFR 63.5479(b) requires that each third-party certifier must submit each certification test, quality assurance program inspection report and ISO-IEC accreditation credentials to the Administrator.
[l] Assumes that manufacturers will spend one hour per certification test and recertification to keep the required records.
[m] Quality parameter inspections are part of the existing safety inspections program. Assume that all manufacturers (39) will spend 2 hours per quarter to document results for each certified model.
[n] Assumes that one stove is sealed and retained for each certification test. Assumes all stoves certified to 2015 standard and all stoves certified to 2020 standard are stored for the 3-year period.
o Proficiency testing is required every two years for each lab. Assume that test laboratories will spend 2 hours per month to maintain the required records.
[p] Quality assurance program inspections are performed annually for each certified model.   Assume that third-party certifiers will spend 2 hours per month to maintain the required records.
q Totals have been rounded to three significant values. Figures may not add exactly due to rounding.

Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NSPS for New Residential Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces (40 CFR Part 60, Subpart QQQQ) (Renewal)
Burden Activity
                      (A)
EPA person-hours per occurrence
                        (B)
No. of occurrences per year
                     (C)
EPA person-hours per year
(C=AxB)
                           (D)
Respondents
per year
                 (E)
Technical person-hours
per year
(E=CxD)
             (F)
Management person-hours [a]
per year (F=Ex0.05)
               (G)
Clerical person-hours [a]
per year
(G=Ex0.1)
                         (H)
Total Cost per year,$ [b]
1.  Review certification test notification [c]
                                      0.5
                                     1.25
                                      0.6
                                      39
                                     24.3
                                      1.2
                                      2.4
                                                                      $1,330.39
2.  Observe certification test [d]
                                     20.0
                                       1
                                     20.0
                                       8
                                     160.0
                                      8.0
                                     16.0
                                                                      $8,747.76
3.  Review application for certification of model line [c]
                                      8.0
                                     1.25
                                     10.0
                                      39
                                     389.3
                                     19.5
                                     38.9
                                                                     $21,286.22
4.  Biennial reporting for certified models e
                                      1.0
                                      1.9
                                      1.9
                                      39
                                     73.0
                                      3.7
                                      7.3
                                                                      $3,991.17
5.  Review and approval of test lab credentials [f]
                                      4.0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       3
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                                                          $0.00
6.  Review test lab biennial proficiency test reports [g]
                                     10.0
                                      0.5
                                      5.0
                                       8
                                     40.0
                                      2.0
                                      4.0
                                                                      $2,186.94
7.  Review QA performance test results [h]
                                      2.0
                                     0.33
                                      0.7
                                      39
                                     26.0
                                      1.3
                                      2.6
                                                                      $1,420.09
8.  Review QA audit report [i]
                                      2.0
                                       5
                                      9.8
                                       8
                                     78.0
                                      3.9
                                      7.8
                                                                      $4,264.53
9.  EPA Compliance Audit j
                                     40.0
                                     0.33
                                     13.3
                                       1
                                     13.3
                                      0.7
                                      1.3
                                                                        $728.25
10.  Review and approval of third-party certifier credentials [k]
                                      8.0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       5
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                                                             $0
TOTAL COSTS (rounded) [l]

                                      925
                                                                        $44,000
Footnotes:
[a] Management person-hours and clerical person-hours are assumed to be 5 percent and 10 percent of technical person-hours, respectively.
[b] This cost is based on the following labor rates which incorporates a 1.6 benefits multiplication factor to account for government overhead expenses:  Managerial rate of $65.71 (GS-13, Step 5, $41.07 + 60%), Technical rate of $48.75 (GS-12, Step 1, $30.47 + 60%), and Clerical rate of $26.38 (GS-6, Step 3, $16.49 + 60%).  These rates are from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) "2018 General Schedule" which excludes locality rates of pay.
c Assume there are 32 hydronic heater manufacturers with 127 model lines and 7 forced-air furnace manufacturers with 19 model lines. Over the next three years, assume a like number of existing models certified to 2015 standards are replaced with models certified to 2020 standards and certification testing is performed.
[d] Assumes that EPA will observe 20 percent of certification tests (5.3/year x 0.2) conducted during the ICR reporting period, which is rounded to 1 test per year.
[e]  Assumes that the EPA will receive one biennial report for each of the certified model lines over the 3-year ICR period.
[f] Assumes 8 testing labs are currently approved by EPA; 3 testing labs are certified through the end of 2020 and would be anticipated to reapply for re-accreditation in the three-year period.
[g] Assumes that each testing lab conducts a laboratory proficiency test every two years.
h Assumes that there will be one QA audit performance test per manufacturer under the QA program during the 3-year period.
[i] Assumes that EPA will review the QA audits performed by the third-party certifiers on each certified model line over the three-year ICR period.
[j] Assumes that one model line for one of the manufacturers will be audited by the EPA during the ICR three-year period.
k Assumes 8 third-party certifiers are currently certified by EPA; 5 third-party certifiers are certified through the end of 2020 and would be anticipated to reapply for re-accreditation in the three-year period.
[l] Totals have been rounded to three significant values. Figures may not add exactly due to rounding.


A/ appl (% of total lb ai used on this site)

51 Pumpkins 38 1 4 3.5 11.3 2 7 1.6 2.0 0.8 MI 100%

Rice 2,930 0 1 0.0 0.0 1 1 1.7 1.0 1.7 MS TX 90%

Soybeans 61,380 14 27 0.0 0.0 8 17 0.6 1.1 0.5 IA OH MN 90%

Squash 56 23 48 41.1 85.7 210 490 9.1 1.0 9.1 FL GA MI 80%

Sugar Beets 1,427 19 42 1.3 2.9 42 124 2.2 1.6 1.4 ND MN 95%

Sunflower 2,756 1 1 0.0 0.0 1 3 2.8 1.0 2.8 ND 100%

Sweet Corn, Fresh 189 35 51 18.5 27.0 210 308 6.0 5.1 1.2 FL 94%

Sweet Corn, Proc. 475 58 105 12.2 22.1 130 250 2.2 2.3 1.0 MN WI IL100%

Tobacco 695 9 19 1.3 2.7 15 41 1.7 1.5 1.1 KY TN 80%

Tomatoes, Fresh 121 59 97 48.8 80.2 860 1,790 14.6 10.5 1.4 FL 94%

Tomatoes, Proc. 324 39 73 12.0 22.5 110 220 2.8 2.1 1.4 CA 85%

Walnuts 208 1 4 0.6 1.9 5 14 3.9 2.5 1.6 CA 100%

Watermelons 327 92 105 28.1 32.1 310 590 3.4 1.0 3.4 FL TX GA 80%

Wheat, Spring 20,857 194 470 0.9 2.3 160 380 0.8 1.2 0.7 ND MN 80%

Wheat, Winter 43,282 65 187 0.2 0.4 76 198 1.2 1.1 1.1 OK NE MS SC KY 60%

Woodland 62,950 2 6 0.0 0.0 4 14 2.1 2.2 1.0 FL OR PA MI 95% Site Acres Grown ( 000) Acres Treated ( 000) % of Crop Treated LB AI Applied ( 000) Average Application Rate States of Most Usage Wtd Avg Est Max Wtd Avg Est Max Wtd Avg Est Max lb ai/

acre/ y r # appl / yr lb ai/

A/ appl (% of total lb ai used on this site)

52 1,612 2,274 6,307 8,854 COLUMN HEADINGS Wtd Avg = Weighted average the most recent years and more reliable data are weighted more heavily.

Est Max = Estimated maximum, which is estimated from available data.

Average application rates are calculated from the weighted averages.

NOTES ON TABLE DATA Usage data primarily covers 1992  2001 Calculations of the above numbers may not appear to agree because they are displayed as rounded to the nearest 1000 for acres treated or lb. a. i. ( Therefore 0 = < 500)

to one decimal percentage points for % of crop treated.

SOURCES: EPA data, USDA, and National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy.