2,4 D PC Code No. 030001, Case No. 0073 DP Barcode D287660 Reregistration Eligibility Decision Residue Chemistry Considerations July 8, 2003 Contract No. 68 W 99 053 Submitted to: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Arlington, VA Submitted by: Dynamac Corporation 1910 Sedgwick Road Durham, NC i 2,4 D REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY DECISION RESIDUE CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS Case 0073 TABLE OF CONTENTS page INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 REGULATORY BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SUMMARY OF SCIENCE FINDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 GLN 860.1200: Directions for Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 GLN 860.1300: Nature of the Residue  Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 GLN 860.1300: Nature of the Residue  Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 GLN 860.1340: Residue Analytical Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 GLN 860.1360: Multiresidue Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 GLN 860.1380: Storage Stability Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 GLN 860.1400: Water, Fish, and Irrigated Crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 GLN 860.1460: Food Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 GLN 860.1480: Meat, Milk, Poultry, Eggs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 GLN 860.1500: Crop Field Trials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 GLN 860.1520: Processed Food/ Feed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 GLN 860.1650: Submittal of Analytical Reference Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 GLN 860.1850 and 860.1900: Confined/ Field Accumulation in Rotational Crops . . . . . . . . 19 TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 ii Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 CODEX HARMONIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 DIETARY EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 AGENCY MEMORANDA RELEVANT TO REREGISTRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 MASTER RECORD IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 O Cl Cl OH O 2,4 D CASE 0073 REREGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY DECISION RESIDUE CHEMISTRY CONSIDERATIONS INTRODUCTION 2,4 D [ 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid] is a List A pesticide active ingredient classified as an herbicide, a plant growth regulator, and a fungicide. It is, however, mainly used as a selective postemergence herbicide for the control of broadleaf weed species in a variety of food/ feed sites including field, fruit, and vegetable crops. In addition to the acid form, there are numerous salts and esters of 2,4 D in Reregistration Case 0073, each with an assigned PC Code number, that are presently registered as active ingredients in end use products ( EPs). The Industry Task Force II on 2,4 D Research Data ( Task Force II) is supporting the reregistration of 2,4 D. The members of the Task Force currently include Agro Gor Corp ( jointly owned by Atanor, S. A. and PBIGordon Corp.), Dow AgroSciences, and Nufarm USA. In addition, USDA's Interregional Project No. 4 ( IR 4) is supporting the reregistration of a number of minor crop uses for 2,4 D, and the California Citrus Quality Council ( CCQC) is supporting selected uses of 2,4 D isopropyl ester ( IPE) on citrus fruits.

2,4 D is currently registered by members of Task Force II for food/ feed uses on a variety of field, fruit, and vegetable crops and aquatic sites. The 2,4 D formulation classes registered for food/ feed uses include wettable powders ( WP), granules ( G), soluble concentrates in both liquid ( SC/ L) and solid ( SC/ S) forms, and emulsifiable concentrates ( EC). These formulations are typically applied as broadcast, banded, or directed ( spray or wiper) applications during dormancy or preplant, preharvest, preemergence, emergence, postemergence, or postharvest using ground or aerial equipment.

REGULATORY BACKGROUND 2,4 D was the subject of a Reregistration Standard Guidance Document dated 9/ 1/ 88; the Residue Chemistry Science Chapter of the Guidance Document was dated 2/ 16/ 88. These documents summarized the regulatory conclusions based on available residue chemistry data, and specified the additional data required for reregistration purposes. Numerous data submissions have been received and evaluated since the Reregistration Standard Guidance Document. The information 2 contained in this document outlines the Residue Chemistry Science Assessments with respect to the reregistration of 2,4 D.

According to the Agency publication entitled Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review ( EPA 738 R 98 002, Spring 1998), 2,4 D remains in pre Special Review status because of carcinogenicity concerns. A proposed decision not to initiate Special Review was published ( 53 FR 9590) on 3/ 23/ 88. The Task Force agreed to risk reduction measures on 9/ 92 that included an exposure reduction plan effected through modifications of technical and manufacturing use product labels and implementation of a user education program. New rodent carcinogenicity data were submitted on 12/ 95, and following peer review of these data, the Agency classified 2,4 D as a category D chemical [ Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity] [ TXR # 0050017].

Tolerances for residues of 2,4 D in/ on plant and processed food/ feed commodities, fish, and potable water are expressed in terms of 2,4 D per se [ 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 1 6 and 9 12) and ( b)]. Tolerances for residues in livestock commodities are currently established in terms of residues 2,4 D and/ or its metabolite 2,4 dichlorophenol [ 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 8)]. The HED Metabolism Committee determined that 2,4 D per se is the residue of concern and that tolerances listed at 40 CFR § 180.142 are to be defined as " residues of 2,4 D, both free and conjugated, determined as the acid" ( R. Perfetti, 6/ 16/ 93; and W. Smith, 12/ 10/ 93). The HED Metabolism Assessment Review Committee ( MARC), at its 9/ 3/ 03 meeting, upheld this decision but clarified and expanded it to specify that the residue of concern for risk assessment and the tolerance expression is 2,4 D, both free and conjugated, determined as the acid in primary and rotational crops, ruminants, poultry, fish and shellfish. Also, the residue of concern in drinking water for risk assessment purposes is 2,4 D per se ( MARC Decision Document by W. Hazel and L. Taylor, 12/ 3/ 03, D293119, TXR No. 0052264).

The Food Quality Protection Act ( FQPA) of 1996 amended and strengthened the standard for establishing tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ( FFDCA). All future tolerance petitions as well as reassessment of established tolerances must meet the requirements of the FFDCA as amended by the FQPA. OPP may require additional data to determine if the terms of the amended statute are met.

As a result of changes to Table 1 ( OPPTS 860.1000, 8/ 96), additional 2,4 D residue data are now required for some commodities and other commodities have been deleted; any changes in data requirements have been incorporated into this document. Any new data requirements will be imposed at the issuance of the 2,4 D RED but should not impact the reregistration eligibility decisions for 2,4 D. If necessary, the dietary exposure and risk will be reassessed upon receipt of the required residue chemistry data. 3 ( Continued; footnotes follow) SUMMARY OF SCIENCE FINDINGS GLN 860.1200: Directions for Use There are numerous 2,4 D EPs registered under FIFRA Section 3 to the members of Task Force II. To indicate what uses are being supported, Task Force II has provided the Agency with a list of EP labels representing a cross section of 2,4 D forms and formulations that its member companies are supporting ( Table A1).

Table A1. Representative 2,4 D End Use Products being Supported by the 2,4 D Task Force II 1.

EPA Reg. No. Label Acceptance Date 2 Formulation 3 Product name 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ( 030001)

228 315 7/ 16/ 1996 0.76% G Sweet Sixteen Weed & Feed with Triplet MC DRI 538 186 1/ 28/ 2002 0.75% G Fertilizer Plus Dicot Weed Control III 2217 579 1/ 08/ 2003 0.69% G Gordon's Trimec ® Weed & Feed 30 2217 660 8/ 23/ 2002 0.76% G Gordon's Trimec ® Weed & Feed 33 ½ 62719 218 4 3/ 08/ 2002 85% WP Statesman ® 62719 330 5 3/ 06/ 2002 2.8 lb/ gal EC Esteron 638 71368 3 5 3/ 07/ 2002 2.8 lb/ gal EC Weedone ® 638 Sodium 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030004)

5080 2 11/ 30/ 1982 17.5% P/ T Aquacide 71368 22 10/ 27/ 2000 76.8 SC/ S 2,4 D Sodium Salt Diethanolamine 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030016)

2217 703 7 11/ 14/ 2002 3.8 lb/ gal EC Hi Dep ® Herbicide 2217 813 3/ 15/ 2002 5.03 lb/ gal EC EH1330 Herbicide Dimethylamine 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030019)

228 145 7/ 31/ 2001 3.8 lb/ gal EC Weedestory ® AM 40 Amine Salt 228 331 10/ 20/ 1997 0.83% G 2,4 D Amine Weed & Feed 228 354 1/ 21/ 1999 19.2% G Depth Charge   Aquatic Herbicide 228 260 7/ 06/ 1999 80.5% SC/ S Solution Water Soluble ® 2217 2 3/ 08/ 2002 3.8 lb/ gal EC Amine 400 2,4 D Weed Killer 2217 543 7/ 11/ 2002 1.98 lb/ gal SC/ L Trimec ® Herbicide 34707 606 3/ 04/ 2002 78.9% CR Savage Dry Soluble Herbicide 34707 803 5/ 29/ 1999 3.8 lb/ gal EC Saber Herbicide 42750 21 6/ 26/ 1995 5.6 lb/ gal EC 2,4 D Amine 6 Herbicide 62719 1 6 11/ 07/ 2001 3.8 lb/ gal EC Formula 40 ® Herbicide 62719 3 10/ 13/ 2000 3.8 lb/ gal EC DMA 4 71368 1 10/ 03/ 2002 3.8 lb/ gal EC Weedar ® 64 Broadleaf Herbicide Table A1. Continued.

EPA Reg. No. Label Acceptance Date 2 Formulation 3 Product name 4 Isopropylamine 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030025)

62719 303 3/ 06/ 2002 3.8 lb/ gal EC IPA 4 Triisopropanolamine 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030035)

62719 1 6 11/ 07/ 2001 3.8 lb/ gal EC Formula 40 ® herbicide Butoxyethyl ester 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030053)

228 378 9/ 21/ 2000 19% G 2,4 D Aquatic Granules 62719 50 9/ 28/ 2001 3.8 lb/ gal EC 2,4 D BEE 4 62719 330 5 3/ 06/ 2002 2.8 lb/ gal EC Esteron 638 71368 3 5 3/ 07/ 2002 2.8 lb/ gal EC Weedone ® 638 71368 4 3/ 12/ 1980 19% G Aqua Kleen 2 Ethylhexyl ester 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030063)

228 139 10/ 11/ 2002 3.84 lb/ gal EC 2,4 D LV4 Ester 228 153 5/ 27/ 1993 0.66% G Fertilizer Plus 2,4 D 2217 77 3/ 26/ 2002 3.8 lb/ gal EC LV 400 2,4 D Weed Killer 5905 529 7/ 13/ 2001 4.7 lb/ gal EC Barrage ® HF Low Volatile Herbicide 34704 609 3/ 18/ 1997 5 lb/ gal EC Salvo ® Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicide 42750 20 11/ 16/ 2000 5.5 lb/ gal EC 2,4 D LV6 Low Volatile Herbicide 62719 9 6/ 08/ 2001 3.8 lb/ gal EC Weed Killer 4D 71368 11 2/ 17/ 2000 5.4 lb/ gal EC Weedone ® LoVol 6 Broadleaf Herbicide Isopropyl 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetate ( 030066)

5481 145 12/ 28/ 2001 3.36 lb/ gal EC Citrus Fix   35935 21 4/ 13/ 1998 3.4 lb/ gal EC Alphaset IPE 64864 31 8/ 18/ 1998 3.3 lb/ gal EC Leffingwell Hivol 44 1 Industry Task Force II on 2,4 D Research Data ( Agro Gor Corp, Dow AgroSciences, and Nufarm USA) has cited labels for the Agency which include representative 2,4 D active ingredients and formulations. 2 Date of the most recently EPA approved label found by reviewer on the Pesticide Product Label System. 3 The active ingredient for the formulated products is expressed as the acid equivalent. For formulations containing more than one 2,4 D a. i., the total 2,4 D acid equivalents is presented. 5 EPA Reg. Nos. 62719 330 and 71368 3 are MAI formulations containing both the acid ( 030001) and the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4 D ( 030053) for a total acid equivalent of 2.8 lb/ gal. 6 EPA Reg. No. 62719 1 is a MAI formulation containing both DMA ( 030019) and TIPA ( 030035) salts of 2,4 D for a total acid equivalent of 3.8 lb/ gal. 7 EPA Reg. No. 2217 703 is an MAI formulation containing both DMA ( 030019) and DEA ( 030016) salts of 2,4 D for a total acid equivalent of 3.8 lb/ gal.

In addition, Task Force II has provided the Agency with a " Master Label" of 2,4 D uses being supported by its member companies. For each use site, the Master Label generally summarizes the following information: forms of 2,4 D being supported ( i. e. acid, amine salts, and/ or esters); types of formulations being supported ( i. e. EC, WP, etc.); limitations on the type and timing of 5 application( s); allowed application equipment; reentry interval ( REI); maximum single and seasonal application rates; minimum retreatment interval ( RTI); regional restrictions; and restrictions on the preharvest and grazing intervals ( PHI and PGI). The Master Label does not provide details for uses on labels of specific EPs. The information regarding the food/ feed and aquatic use sites on the Master Label is summarized in Table A2. Agreement has been reached between SRRD, HED, and EFED that the use patterns summarized in the Master Label comprise the universe of use patterns addressed by the 2,4 D RED and all supporting documents [ Memorandum from M. Rice of SRRD to S. Abel ( EFED) and M. Metzger ( HED) dated 3/ 18/ 03].

A tabular summary of the residue chemistry science assessments for reregistration of 2,4 D is presented in Table B. For purposes of evaluating the adequacy of the available residue chemistry database for 2,4 D and reassessing tolerances, HED has utilized the information in Table A2. When end use product DCIs are developed ( e. g., at issuance of the RED), RD should require that all end use product labels ( e. g., MAI labels, SLNs, and products subject to the generic data exemption) be amended such that they are consistent with use patterns listed in Table A2 or supported by end use product specific residue chemistry data.

A review of the food/ feed crop uses listed in Table A2 and the supporting residue data indicate that the following changes should be made to all labels having the designated uses:

( i) directions for preharvest uses on citrus in the U. S. should be restricted to AZ and CA and should list a maximum use rate of 0.27 lb ae/ A/ crop cycle;

( ii) a 7 day PHI should be specified for corn forage ( all types);

( iii) for uses on stone fruits, tree nuts, and pistachios, the maximum single use rate should be reduced to 1.4 lb ae/ A, and the maximum seasonal use rate should be reduced to 2.8 lb ae/ A.

( iv) all labels bearing aquatic uses should be amended to indicate that: ( a) all treated bodies of water to be used or likely to be used as a drinking water source must be demonstrated to contain 2,4 D at < 70 ppb using an approved assay after each treatment before diversion for drinking water may occur; ( b) the aquatic uses of 2,4 D should be restricted to Federal, State, or local agencies or applicators under their control; and ( c) when treating moving bodies of water, applications must be made while traveling upstream to prevent concentration of 2,4 D downstream from the application. The 1500 foot setback in the Master Label is an additional, yet optional, restriction that may appear on aquatic use labels that is expected to further reduce dietary exposure to 2,4 D following direct aquatic use. Task Force II may choose to propose ( and support) a longer setback, if practical, that would mitigate risk to an acceptable level.

In addition, HED notes that according to the Master Label, the Task Force II is not supporting the use of 2,4 D esters on pistachios, filberts, and other tree nut crops. However, adequate 6 residue data are available supporting the use of ester forms of 2,4 D on these crops. Therefore, labels for the ester forms of 2,4 D may include use directions for pistachios, tree nuts, and filberts ( sucker control) if a party is interested in labeling for such uses.

Also, a 40 day PHI is presently being specified for stone fruits. However, the available residue data indicate that residues are < LOQ (< 0.05 ppm) at a 14 day posttreatment interval. Therefore, strictly from a residue chemistry perspective, the PHI for stone fruits could be reduced to 14 days without affecting the tolerance level.

The supported use on grapes is restricted to CA only; however, adequate field trial data reflecting use of 2,4 D amine salts are available for the entire U. S. Therefore, labels for the acid and amine salt forms of 2,4 D, strictly from a residue chemistry perspective, do not need to restrict the use on grapes to only CA.

GLN 860.1300: Nature of the Residue  Plants The reregistration requirements for plant metabolism are fulfilled. Adequate metabolism studies are available depicting the qualitative nature of the residues in three dissimilar crops ( lemon, potato, and wheat). Based on the available data, on 9/ 3/ 03, the MARC determined that the residue of concern in plants for the tolerance expression and for risk assessment is 2,4 D per se in both the free and conjugated forms ( W. Hazel and L. Taylor, 12/ 3/ 03, D293119, TXR No. 0052264).

In the lemon metabolism study, [ 14C] 2,4 D IPE was applied to lemons as a postharvest dip treatment with wax at 500 ppm for 2 minutes ( 1x label rate), and lemons were sampled 2 hours to 20 weeks after treatment. Total radioactive residues ( TRR) ranged from 2.1 ppm to 2.8 ppm and showed little decline with storage at 5 C. The parent compound, 2,4 D IPE, was rapidly hydrolyzed, declining from 47% of the TRR at 2 hours posttreatment to 0.3% of the TRR at 2 weeks posttreatment. Residues of 2,4 D ( acid) accounted for 24% of the TRR at 2 hours and 68% of the TRR at 20 weeks. Other minor metabolites ( each < 1% TRR) identified in lemons included 2,4 dichlorophenol ( 2,4 DCP), 2,5 dichloro 4 hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid ( 4 hydroxy 2,5 D), and 2,3 dichloro 4 hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid ( 4 hydroxy 2,3 D). Refer to table below for structures of 2,4 D and its metabolites.

In the potato metabolism study, TRR in mature vines and tubers were 6.3 and 0.58 ppm, respectively, 20 days following the second of two foliar broadcast applications of [ 14C] 2,4 D 2 EHE totaling 0.62 lb ae/ A ( 4.4x maximum labeled rate). In potato tubers, solvent extractable 14Cresidues accounted for > 95% of the TRR. The largest single component of the extractable 14Cresidues was identified as 2,4 D ( 43 46% TRR); minor portions were comprised of 2,4 D EHE ( 0.5 8.3% TRR) and 4 hydroxy 2,5 D ( 6.4% TRR). The remainder of the extractable radioactivity was comprised of 4 6 polar unknowns together accounting for 42 50% of the TRR. Upon acid hydrolysis, these unknowns were converted to 4 hydroxy 2,5 D ( 15% TRR) and 4 chlorophenoxy acetic acid ( 4 CPA, 24% TRR). Acid hydrolysis of unextracted 14C residues 7 released an additional 8.7% of the TRR, the major portion of which was comprised of 2,4 D ( 2.3% TRR), 4 CPA ( 1.6% TRR), and 4 hydroxy 2,5 D ( 0.9% TRR).

In the wheat metabolism study, [ 14C] 2,4 D 2 EHE was applied to plants at tillering as a broadcast application at 1.5 lb ae/ A (

1x). TRR were 34 ppm in/ on forage harvested 10 days after treatment and 56 ppm in straw and 0.30 ppm in grain harvested at maturity ( 49 days after treatment). Following acid hydrolysis, 2,4 D was the major compound identified in forage ( 68% TRR) and straw ( 56% TRR). After subsequent base hydrolysis, another 8.8% of the TRR in forage and 16% of the TRR in straw was identified as 2,4 D. Minor metabolites ( each < 10% TRR) identified in forage and straw included: 4 hydroxy 2,5 D; 4 hydroxy 2,3 D; 5 hydroxy 2,4 D; and 2,4 DCP. The only compound identified in grain was 2,4 D ( 6.0% TRR). The majority of 14C residues in grain ( 45% TRR) was characterized as being incorporated into natural plant constituents, such as, protein, starch and cellulose.

GLN 860.1300: Nature of the Residue  Livestock The reregistration requirements for livestock metabolism are fulfilled. Adequate goat and hen metabolism studies are available, and the metabolism of 2,4 D is similar in both species. Based on the available data, on 9/ 3/ 03, the MARC determined that the residue of concern in livestock for the tolerance expression and for risk assessment is 2,4 D per se in both the free and conjugated forms ( W. Hazel and L. Taylor, 12/ 3/ 03, D293119, TXR No. 0052264).

In the ruminant metabolism study, a lactating goat was dosed orally with [ 14C] 2,4 D for three consecutive days at a level equivalent to 480 ppm in the diet (~ 0.6x the maximum theoretical dietary burden). At sacrifice, the TRR was 0.22 ppm in liver, 1.4 ppm in kidney, 0.037 ppm in muscle, 0.088 ppm in fat, and 0.020 ppm in milk ( Day 3). The major residue in milk and tissues was 2,4 D, accounting for 47% TRR in milk, 21% TRR in liver, 53% TRR in kidney, 45% TRR in fat, and 38% TRR in muscle. Minor amounts of 2,4 DCP were also tentatively identified in milk ( 5% TRR) and fat ( 2.3% of TRR), and 4 CPA was identified in milk ( 6.9% TRR). Several other nonpolar components ( designated NP1, NP2, and NP3) were detected in tissues; however, these metabolites may be the result of uptake of nonpolar impurities known to be present in the test material.

In the poultry metabolism study, laying hens were dosed orally with [ 14C] 2,4 D for seven consecutive days at levels equivalent to 18 ppm in the diet ( 11x the maximum theoretical dietary burden). At sacrifice, the TRR was 0.030 ppm in liver, 0.71 ppm in kidney, < 0.002 ppm in breast muscle, 0.008 ppm in thigh muscle, 0.027 ppm in fat, and 0.018 ppm in eggs. The major identified component in eggs and tissues was 2,4 D, accounting for 23% TRR in eggs, 25% TRR in fat, 18% TRR in liver, and 76% TRR in kidney. Minor amounts of 2,4 DCP were also identified in eggs ( 7.3% TRR) and liver ( 4.4% TRR).

2,4 D and its metabolites in plants. 8 O Cl Cl OH O O Cl O H OH O Cl O Cl Cl OH O O H O Cl O H OH O Cl OH Cl Cl Code Chemical Name Substrate MRID Structure Common Name 1. ( 2,4 dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid poultry and ruminants; wheat forage, straw, and grain 42439701 2,4 D 2. ( 4 hydroxy 2,5 dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid wheat forage and straw 42439701 42615601 4 OH 2,5 D 3. ( 5 hydroxy 2,4 dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid wheat forage and straw 42439701 42615601 5 OH 2,4 D 4. ( 4 hydroxy 2,3 dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid wheat forage and straw 42439701 42615601 4 OH 2,3 D 5. 2,4 dichlorophenol poultry and ruminants; wheat forage and straw 42439701 2,4 DCP 9 GLN 860.1340: Residue Analytical Methods For the purpose of reregistration, adequate methods are available for data collection and the enforcement of plant commodity tolerances. The Pesticide Analytical Manual ( PAM) Vol. II lists three GC methods ( designated as Methods A, B, and C) with microcoulometric detection and one GC method ( designated as Method D) with electron capture detection ( ECD). In a letter dated 9/ 3/ 93 ( CBRS No. 12270, DP Barcode D193335, 9/ 3/ 93, W. Smith), Task Force II indicated that the enforcement methods currently listed in PAM Vol. II are unsuitable for determining residues of 2,4 D in wheat and poultry commodities.

Plant Commodities: Task Force II submitted an adequate proposed GC/ ECD enforcement method for plants ( designated as EN CAS Method No. ENC 2/ 93) which has been independently validated. Adequate radiovalidation data have been submitted and evaluated for the proposed enforcement method using samples from the wheat metabolism study. The proposed enforcement method or modifications of the enforcement method were used for data collection purposes.

Livestock Commodities: Task Force II submitted two separate ( but essentially comparable) proposed enforcement methods ( GC/ ECD) for determination of 2,4 D in livestock commodities. Adequate radiovalidation data have been submitted for the method using samples of fat, kidney, and milk from the goat metabolism study and samples of eggs from the poultry metabolism study. The Agency concluded that the methods are adequate provided the registrants satisfy the following requests: ( i) submit a revised method which combines the two methods into a single method; ( ii) delete from the method all references to the use of diazomethane as a derivatizing agent; and ( iii) provide complete raw data and sample calculations ( including chromatograms showing peak areas, external standard linearity curves and associated data, standard calculations, etc.). Once an adequate revised method is received, HED will forward the method to an EPA laboratory ( BEAD/ ACB) for a tolerance method validation. Recently, it has been determined that the technology to generate diazomethane has advanced such that it is no longer considered to be a dangerous procedure; as a result, the use of diazomethane as a derivatizing agent is now considered acceptable ( minutes of 9/ 17/ 03 ChemSAC meeting).

GLN 860.1360: Multiresidue Methods The 10/ 97 edition of FDA PAM Volume I, Appendix I indicates that 2,4 D is partially recovered ( 50 80%) using Multiresidue Method Sections 402 E1 and 402 E2. Conjugated metabolites would not be determined by these multiresidue methods.

GLN 860.1380: Storage Stability Data The reregistration requirements for 2,4 D storage stability data have been met. Adequate storage stability data are available to support the data from crop field trials, processing studies, livestock feeding studies, and fish and shellfish studies being used for reassessing tolerances. 10 The available storage stability data indicate that residues of 2,4 D are stable under frozen storage conditions for at least 18 months in apples and pears; 29 months in cranberries; 28 months in cherries; 15 months in grapes and grape processed fractions; 6 months in nut crops and pistachios; 6 9 months in peaches, plums, and prunes; 24 months in potatoes; 2 months in strawberries; 3 months in citrus fruit and processed commodities; and 1 month in asparagus. 2,4 D is also stable at  20 C for at least 12 months in/ on corn grain, forage, and fodder; sorghum grain; wheat grain, forage, and straw; rice grain; grass forage and hay; soybean seed; corn starch, flour, and oil; wheat flour; sugarcane, sugar, molasses, and bagasse; and rice bran and hulls.

Regarding livestock tissues, 2,4 D is stable at  20 C for up to 4 months in ruminant tissues and milk and is stable in clam tissues stored at  4 C for at least 12 months.

GLN 860.1400: Water, Fish, and Irrigated Crops Nature of the Residues in Fish and Shellfish. An adequate fish metabolism study is available that fulfills reregistration requirements. In the fish metabolism study, bluegill sunfish were exposed for 4 consecutive days in aquaria to [ 14C] 2,4 D in the water at 11 ppm under static conditions. TRR were 0.41 0.60 ppm in whole fish sampled on Days 1 3 and were 0.41 ppm in fillets from fish sampled on Day 4. Following acid hydrolysis, the major 14C residue in edible tissues was 2,4 D ( 80% TRR) along with minor amounts of 2,4 DCP ( 7.9% TRR). Based on these data, the residue to be regulated in fish and shellfish is the same as that in livestock, i. e., 2,4 D, free and conjugated, determined as the acid ( W. Hazel and L. Taylor, 12/ 3/ 03, D293119, TXR No. 0052264).

Magnitude of Residues in Fish and Shellfish. Adequate studies are available depicting the magnitude of 2,4 D residues in catfish, bluegill sunfish, crayfish, and clams exposed to water containing 6.0 ppm of 2,4 D in a static system. The maximum supported rate for aquatic uses of 2,4 D is 10.8 lb ae/ acre ft, which is equivalent to a concentration of 4 ppm. Therefore, the studies were conducted at 1.5x the maximum labeled rate ( concentration). In the two studies, 2,4 D residues in edible tissues plateaued within 6 hours for both species of fish, 12 hours for clams, and

8 days for crayfish. During the 15 day exposure in one test, maximum 2,4 D residues in edible tissues were 0.07 ppm in catfish, 0.067 ppm in bluegill sunfish, and 1.1 ppm in crayfish. During the 28 day exposure in another test, maximum 2,4 D residues in edible tissues were 0.59 ppm in clams and 1.18 ppm in crayfish. Based on an exposure of 6 ppm ( 1.5x), these studies support tolerances for 2,4 D residues in fish at 0.1 ppm and in shellfish at 1.0 ppm.

Residues in Water. The Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water has established a Maximum Contaminant Level ( MCL) of 0.07 ppm for 2,4 D in drinking water. The aquatic use patterns currently being supported by Task Force II also prohibit the use of 2,4 D treated water for use as potable water unless an approved assay indicates that 2,4 D concentrations are  0.07 ppm. 11 Data pertinent to residues in water were reviewed in the Residue Chemistry Chapter of the 1988 2,4 D Reregistration Standard. This information along with other previous reviews was summarized in an HED amended use petition review ( CBTS No. 9026, 3/ 3/ 92, G. Otakie). In studies by the Department of the Army, application of the DMA salt to ponds at 4 lb ae/ A resulted in 2,4 D residues in water of 0.39 ppm 1 3 days after treatment, 0.4 ppm after 7 days, and 0.1 ppm after 14 days. Application at 8 lb ae/ A resulted in 2,4 D residues of 0.69 ppm 1 3 days after treatment, 0.395 ppm after 7 days, and 0.013 ppm after 14 days. At 28 days following either treatment, residues were < 0.005 ppm. In another study, application of the DMA salt to two TVA reservoirs at 40 lb ae/ A resulted in residues of up to 1.2 ppm 1 hour posttreatment, 4.8 ppm at 8 hours, 1.8 ppm at 24 hours, and 0.67, 0.24, and 0.018 ppm, respectively, at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 months after treatment. In a Bureau of Reclamation study, reservoir water treated with the DMA salt or butoxyethyl ester at 40 lb ae/ A had residues of up to 0.22 ppm after 1 day, 0.09 ppm after 4 days, and 0.01 ppm after 14 days. Treatment of lakes in three states at 40 lb ae/ A yielded samples containing 0.004 3.8 ppm of 2,4 D one day after treatment, 0.0015 1.1 ppm after 4 days, and < 0.052 ppm after 7 14 days, and at reservoir outlets, maximum residues were 0.015 ppm throughout the study. Potable water monitoring showed residues of 2,4 D in drinking water from the Fort Cobb reservoir ranging from nondetectable to 0.062 ppm. The 1992 review of the above data concluded that rates of up to 40 lb ae/ A could be extended to sites outside the TVA system, provided that use is restricted to Federal, State, or local agencies or applicators under their control. Official agency oversight of this aquatic use was deemed necessary owing to the relatively high 2,4 D concentrations in water observed initially after treatment and the need to control treatment and subsequent water uses. These data reflect the registered aquatic use patterns and are adequate from a residue chamistry perspective.

Irrigated Crops. The Residue Chemistry Chapter of the 2,4 D Reregistration Standard previously determined that residues of 2,4 D at up to 0.5 ppm are expected in irrigation water derived from 2,4 D treated ponds, lakes and reservoirs. Citing the data from numerous studies on crops irrigated with 2,4 D treated water, the Agency tentatively concluded that tolerances for irrigated crops should be established at 1 ppm for all crop groups and individual miscellaneous crops.

However, the aquatic use patterns currently being supported by Task Force II prohibit the use of 2,4 D treated water for irrigation unless an approved assay indicates that 2,4 D concentrations are  0.1 ppm.

To reassess tolerances for irrigated crops, a summary of residues in various crops irrigated with 2,4 D treated water is presented in a table below. In these studies, assorted field crops were irrigated once or twice with water containing 2,4 D at 0.02 5.5 ppm. Although a large number of studies have been conducted, the number of tests and samples for a given crop or commodity are limited, and no data are available for irrigated perennial crops. In addition, the majority of the residue data reflect treatment with water containing 2,4 D at levels well above the allowed 0.1 ppm concentration in irrigation water. Nevertheless, many of the current tolerances in irrigated crops have been reassessed. 12 No residue data on irrigated crops are available to support inadvertent tolerances on avocados, cottonseed, citrus fruits, pome fruits, stone fruits, hops, tree nuts, berries crop group, grapes, and strawberry. The reassessed tolerance for preharvest plus postharvest uses on citrus fruits ( 3.0 ppm), the 0.2 ppm tolerance in hops, and the 0.2 ppm tolerance in members of the Tree Nut Group would readily cover any inadvertent residues in these crops. However, tolerances based on the primary uses of 2,4 D on pome fruits, stone fruits, blueberry, grapes, and strawberry are all being reassessed to 0.05 ppm, which is the enforcement method LOQ. Although it is unlikely that irrigation with water containing 2,4 D at  0.1 ppm would result in residues > 0.05 ppm in these perennial crops, irrigated crop field trials conducted on strawberry to represent perennial crops have been required as confirmatory data.

Regarding field crops, the available irrigated crop residue data support tolerances for inadvertent residues at 0.05 ppm in/ on the following crop groups: bulb vegetables ( group 3), legume vegetables ( group 6), foliage of legume vegetables ( group 7), cucurbit vegetables ( group 9), and fruiting vegetables ( group 8). Treatment of cucumbers, bell peppers, beans, onions, and soybeans with irrigation water containing 2,4 D at up to 5.5 ppm resulted in residues  0.05 ppm in/ on RACs of these crops. The irrigated crop data support inadvertent tolerances of 0.2 ppm in alfalfa and sorghum RACs and 0.4 ppm in lettuce and potato.

In addition, tolerances resulting from the primary use of 2,4 D on corn ( field, pop, and sweet) and grasses are high enough to cover any inadvertent residues in these crops resulting from irrigation with water containing 2,4 D.

However, irrigated crop residue data ( see table below) are equivocal from trials on sugar beets. As a result, the appropriate tolerance for the root and tuber vegetables group represented by this crop ( as well as potato at 0.2 ppm) cannot be determined based on the available residue data.

Summary of 2,4 D Residues in Crops Irrigated with 2,4 D Treated Water.

Crop Irrigation Application Crop matrix # samples Sampling interval ( days) 2,4 D residues in crops ( ppm) 2,4 D in water ( ppm) volume ( acre/ inches)

Alfalfa 0.02 5.51 2 forage 6 2 or 7 < 0.05 0.15 hay 6 50 59 < 0.05 0.10 Beans 0.02 5.51 2 succulent pods 6 2 or 7 < 0.01 0.03 dry seed 6 39 44 < 0.025 hay 6 36 44 < 0.05 Carrots 0.255 1 roots 2 47 0.02 1.125 1 roots 2 14 0.03, 0.6 Corn 0.22 2 grain 1 4 0.008 0.22 2 forage 1 4 0.09 5.51 2 forage 1 7 0.08 Crop Irrigation Application Crop matrix # samples Sampling interval ( days) 2,4 D residues in crops ( ppm) 2,4 D in water ( ppm) volume ( acre/ inches)

13 Cucumbers 0.02 5.51 2 fruit 12 2 48 0.01 0.02 Lettuce 0.225 1 leaves 4 5 or 18 0.11 0.33 Onions 1.125 1 bulbs 4 10 or 47 < 0.01 Pepper ( bell) 0.02 5.51 2 fruit 6 33 46 < 0.01 0.05 Potatoes 0.56 1 tuber 3 10 0.03 0.12 0.02 5.51 2 tuber 12 2 40 < 0.01 0.31 Sorghum 0.225 1 grain 4 10 or 32 < 0.05 0.12 0.02 5.51 2 grain 6 62 69 < 0.05 0.10 fodder 6 2 or 7 < 0.05 0.17 Soybean 0.225 1 seeds 4 10 or 71 < 0.05 5.51 2 foliage 1 4 0.05 pods 1 4 0.008 0.22 2 foliage 1 4 0.05 pods 1 4 0.008 2.21 2 foliage 1 4 0.18 pods 1 4 0.05 Sugar beets 5.51 2 roots 2 7 or 61 0.11, 0.10 1.1 2 1 7 0.08 2.21 2 2 4 or 61 3.8, 0.008 0.02, 0.22 2 2 4 0.7, 0.52 5.51 2 foliage 1 7 0.08 0.02 2.21 2 3 7 0.01 0.09 To support tolerances for inadvertent residues of 2,4 D in/ on irrigated crops, additional residue data are required on sugar beet roots and tops to represent field crops from the root and tuber vegetable crop group and the foliage of root and tuber vegetable crop group. To support tolerances in irrigated perennial crops, residue data are also required on strawberry. The crops should be irrigated with water containing 2,4 D at 0.1 ppm.

Prior to conducting field trials on irrigated crops, the registrants are encouraged to submit the protocols for these studies to the Agency for review.

GLN 860.1460: Food Handling 2,4 D is not registered for use in food handling establishments; therefore, no residue chemistry data are required under this guideline topic. 14 GLN 860.1480: Meat, Milk, Poultry, Eggs The reassessed tolerances for residues of 2,4 D in/ on livestock feedstuffs range from 0.02 ppm in/ on soybean seeds to 360 ppm in/ on grass forage. Based upon the established or reassessed tolerances for 2,4 D residues in/ on livestock feedstuffs, the maximum theoretical dietary burdens ( MTDB) for livestock are calculated below in a table. The MTDB for beef and dairy cattle livestock is 874 ppm; the majority of which is derived from the tolerance level for grass forage. The MTDB for poultry and swine is 1.6 ppm, based primarily on the 2.0 ppm tolerance on wheat grain. Other livestock feed items and their potential contribution to dietary burden for cattle are also listed below in a separate table.

Calculation of Maximum Theoretical Dietary Burdens of Livestock for 2,4 D.

Feed Commodity % Dry Matter 1 % Diet 1 Established or Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Dietary Contribution ( ppm) 2 Beef and Dairy Cattle Grass forage 25 60 360 864 Aspirated grain fractions 85 20 40 9.4 Wheat grain milled byproducts 88 5 4.0 0.23 Soybean meal 92 15 0.02 0.003 TOTAL BURDEN 874 Poultry and Swine Wheat grain NA 80 2.0 1.6 Soybean meal NA 20 0.02 0.004 TOTAL BURDEN 1.6 1 Table 1 ( August 1996). 2 Contribution = [ tolerance / % DM ( if cattle)] X % diet.

Additional cattle feed items with tolerances for 2,4 D residues Feed item % dry matter % of dairy/ beef diet Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Cattle Dietary burden ( ppm) a Apple wet pomace 40 20/ 40 0.05 0.03/ 0.05 Citrus dried pulp 91 20 3.0 0.66 Corn forage 40 50/ 40 6.0 7.5/ 6.0 Corn grain 88 40/ 80 0.05 0.02/ 0.05 Corn stover 83 15/ 25 50 9/ 15 Grass hay 88 60 300 205 Potatoes 20 40/ 75 0.2 0.4/ 0.8 Rice grain 88 40 0.5 0.4 Rice hulls 90 10 2.0 0.2 Additional cattle feed items with tolerances for 2,4 D residues Feed item % dry matter % of dairy/ beef diet Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Cattle Dietary burden ( ppm) a 15 Rice straw 90 10 10 1.1 Sorghum forage 35 50/ 40 0.2 0.29/ 0.23 Sorghum grain 86 40 0.05 0.02 Sorghum stover 86 15/ 25 0.05 0.01/ 0.015 Sugarcane molasses 75 10 0.2 0.03 Wheat forage 25 60/ 25 25 60/ 25 Wheat grain 89 40/ 50 2.0 0.90/ 1.1 Wheat straw 88 10 50 5.7 The submitted cattle feeding study is adequate. Four groups of three cows each were dosed orally with 2,4 D at nominal rates of 1500, 3000, 6000, and 9000 ppm for 28 30 days, equivalent to 1.7, 3.4, 6.9, and 10.2x the MTDB for cattle, and were sacrificed within 20 hours of the final dose. Two additional groups of cows were dosed at the highest level ( 10.2x) and sacrificed 3 or 7 days after the cessation of dosing. Milk, liver, kidneys, composite muscle ( round and tenderloin), and composite fat ( perirenal and omental) were collected.

Residues in milk plateaued after 7 11 days of dosing. Maximum residues were 0.07 ppm at the low dose level ( 1.7x) and increased linearly ( r2= 0.994) with increasing dose. At the 3.4x, 6.9x, and 10.3x dose levels, maximum milk residues were 0.18, 0.58, and 0.87 ppm, respectively. After the 3 and 7 day depuration periods, residues in milk from the 10.2x dose group declined to < 0.01 0.02 ppm.

Immediately following dosing ( 0 day PSI), maximum residues at the lowest dose level ( 1.7x) were 0.20 ppm in liver, 6.48 ppm in kidney, 0.24 ppm in muscle, and 0.51 ppm in fat. Maximum residues at the highest dose level ( 10.2x) were 3.80 ppm in liver, 24.4 ppm in kidney, 1.02 ppm in muscle, and 2.30 ppm in fat. After a 3 day depuration from dosing at 10.2x, residues declined to 0.67 ppm in liver, 0.1 ppm in kidney, 0.06 ppm in muscle, and 0.12 ppm in fat. After a 7 day depuration period, residues were 0.51 ppm in liver and < 0.05 ppm in kidney, muscle, and fat. HED notes that 2,4 D is excreted rapidly, as evidenced by the residue decline in tissues from the high dose animals following a withdrawal period. Based on residues on the last day of dosing in feeding studies, the 2,4 D tolerance in milk may be reduced from 0.1 ppm to 0.05 ppm whereas the 2.0 ppm tolerance in kidney should be reassessed at 4.0 ppm and the 0.2 ppm tolerances in meat, fat, and meat byproducts except kidney ( of cattle, goats, horses, and sheep) should be reassessed at 0.3 ppm. A 3 day grass grazing restriction was assumed to estimate the reassessed tolerance for 2,4 D residues in milk; this is considered to be practical and enforceable because dairy cattle are typically grazed in fenced pastures for which there is a high level of farmer control. A grazing restriction is not practical or enforceable for beef catte; therefore, a 0 day grazing restriction was assumed to reassess 2,4 D tolerances in meat, fat, and meat byproducts. 16 The reregistration requirements for studies pertaining to magnitude of the residue in poultry tissues and eggs are waived. Based on the results of 2,4 D poultry metabolism study, there is no reasonable expectation of finite residues in poultry tissues and eggs [ Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3)] when 2,4 D is applied according to registered use directions. Therefore, tolerances for residues of 2,4 D in poultry commodities are not needed and should be revoked. In addition, as the lowest feeding level for cattle was

940x the MTDB for swine, the maximum expected residues in hog tissues would be 0.007 ppm ( kidney). Accordingly, tolerances for residues in hog commodities are not needed and should be revoked.

GLN 860.1500: Crop Field Trials For purposes of establishing new tolerances, HED has determined that the three classes of 2,4 D derivatives represented in end use products ( acid, amine salts, and esters) are not equivalent ( DP Barcode D258633, 8/ 11/ 99, D. Miller). Residue data are required on each derivative class registered for use on a crop, and translation of residue data is allowed only within a given class ( e. g. amine salt to amine salt or ester to ester). However, the available residue data for the amine salt and ester forms will be used to support the existing registrations for the acid, amine salt ( including DMA, TIPA, IPA, and DEA) and ester ( 2 EHE and BEE) forms of 2,4 D on crops with existing tolerances.

For any future uses or registrations on new crops where both amine salt and ester forms are to be registered, residue data should be generated with both an amine salt and ester form of 2,4 D in sideby side field trials. If the acid form is to be registered in addition to any amine salt and/ or ester forms, the amine salt and/ or ester field trial results can be translated to the acid. Otherwise ( if only the acid form is to be registered), residue field trials should be performed with the acid.

Food/ Feed uses currently being supported by the Task Force II, IR 4, and the California Citrus Quality Council ( CCQC) are listed in Table A2 as provided in Task Force II's Master Label. For purposes of reregistration and tolerance reassessment, the adequacy of the existing crop field trials will be assessed by comparison against the use patterns in the Master Label; this has been agreed to by SRRD ( M. Rice, 3/ 18/ 03).

Adequate crop field trials are available for the following raw agricultural commodities ( RACs): almonds and almond hulls; apples; asparagus; aspirated grain fractions ( corn and wheat grain); blueberries; cherries; corn ( field) grain, forage, and stover; corn ( sweet) K+ CWHR; cranberries; filberts; grapes; grapefruit ( pre harvest); grass forage and hay; hops, lemons ( pre and post harvest); oranges ( pre and post harvest); peaches; pears; pecans; pistachios, plums/ fresh prunes; potatoes; rice grain and straw; wild rice grain; sorghum grain, forage, and stover; soybean forage, hay, and seeds; strawberries; sugarcane; and wheat grain, forage, and straw.

Residue data on aspirated grain fractions from field corn and wheat will be sufficient to support the tolerance for aspirated grain fractions as the uses on soybean and sorghum are pre plant or early 17 season uses that are unlikely to result in residues on the outer surfaces of the harvested soybeans or sorghum grain.

Separate residue data on sweet corn forage and stover are not required as the use on sweet corn is similar to field corn except that the PHI for sweet corn is much longer ( 45 days) than for field corn ( 7 days). Therefore, the residue data on field corn forage and stover will also be used to conservatively support tolerances in sweet corn forage and stover.

Although no data are available supporting the postharvest use of 2,4 D in/ on grapefruit imported into the U. S., none are required as postharvest residue data are available for lemons and oranges depicting this use. Given the surface to volume ratios of these fruits, 2,4 D residues in/ on grapefruit are unlikely to exceed the residues observed in lemons and oranges resulting from a postharvest use.

The Task Force II has indicated that it will not be supporting the use of the 2,4 D esters on filberts ( sucker control), pistachios, and other tree nut crops. However, adequate residue data are available supporting the use of 2,4 D esters on these crops. Accordingly, use directions for ester forms could include these uses.

The supported use directions for stone fruit, tree nut and pistachio orchards specify maximum single and seasonal rates of 2 and 4 lb ae/ A, respectively. However, the available almond, pecan, pistachio, cherry, peach, and plum data only support a maximum single application rate of 1.4 lb ae/ A and a maximum seasonal rate of 2.8 lb ae/ A.

Residue data from the available wheat field trials on grain, forage, and straw will be translated to support tolerances for residues in the same commodities of barley, millet, oats, and rye.

Residue data remain outstanding on wheat hay. Data depicting residues in/ on wheat hay following a single application at 1.25 lb ae/ A are required from a total of 20 trials, each including side by side tests of an amine salt and ester form of 2,4 D. In addition, a PHI should be proposed for wheat hay. Wheat hay data will be translated to the hay of barley, millet, and oats.

The available residue data on grapefruit, lemon and citrus are adequate to support the preharvest use of 2,4 D IPE only on citrus fruits grown in Region 10, which includes production areas in AZ and CA. Therefore, the labels should be amended to restrict this use to these states. However, a regional restriction on the postharvest use on lemons is not necessary from a residue chemistry perspective.

The supported use on grapes restricts the use to only CA. However, sufficient grape field trial data are available to support the use on grapes throughout the U. S.

GLN 860.1520: Processed Food/ Feed 18 The reregistration requirements for magnitude of the residue in the processed commodities of the following crops have been fulfilled: apples, barley, citrus fruits, corn, oats, potatoes, plum/ prunes, rice, rye, sorghum, soybeans, sugarcane, and wheat. Residues of 2,4 D did not concentrate in any regulated processed commodities derived from apple, corn grain, plum/ prunes, and sorghum grain. However, concentration of residues was observed in regulated commodities processed from citrus fruits, sugarcane, and wheat grain.

The available lemon processing study indicates that 2,4 D residues do not concentrate in citrus oil or juice, but can concentrate by 4.6x in dried pulp derived from treated fruit. Based on HAFT residues of 0.487 ppm from the recent postharvest treatment trials using lemons and oranges, the maximum expected residues in citrus dried pulp would be 2.24 ppm. As this is below the reassessed 3.0 ppm tolerance for citrus fruits, a separate tolerance for dried citrus pulp is not required. Additionally, it is expected that citrus intended for the fresh market is much more likely to be treated postharvest than fruit for processing.

The available rice processing study indicates that 2,4 D residues do not concentrate in rice bran and polished rice, but can concentrate by 3.3x in hulls derived from treated rice grain. Based on HAFT residues of 0.425 ppm in/ on rice grain, the maximum expected residues in hulls would be 1.4 ppm, which supports a 2.0 ppm tolerance for rice, hulls.

For sugarcane, the available processing studies indicate that 2,4 D residues do not concentrate in refined sugar, but can concentrate by 7x in molasses derived from treated sugarcane. Based on HAFT residues of 0.015 ppm in cane, the maximum expected residues in molasses would be 0.105 ppm, which supports a 0.20 ppm tolerance in sugarcane molasses.

The available wheat processing study indicates that 2,4 D residues do not concentrate in wheat flour, middlings, or shorts, but can concentrate by 3.6x in bran derived from treated grain. Based on HAFT residues of 1.08 ppm in wheat grain, the maximum expected residues in bran would be 3.88 ppm, which supports a 4.0 ppm tolerance in wheat, bran. Data from the wheat processing study will be translated to oats, barley, rye, and millet and will support 4.0 ppm tolerances for residues in barley and rye bran.

Although a potato processing study for 2,4 D is not available, the use of 2,4 D on potatoes is for enhancing the red color and storage retention of red potatoes and is restricted to potatoes grown for " Fresh market only." As most processing potatoes are grown under contract with the processor, who specifies the varieties and pesticides that can be used, the label language restricting use to fresh market potatoes is acceptable for this use of 2,4 D ( B. Schneider, personal communication, 6/ 5/ 03). Therefore, the Agency will waive the requirement for a potato processing study.

A processing study on soybeans is also not currently required as 2,4 D residues were < 0.01 ppm in/ on all soybean seed samples harvested at maturity from seven tests in which 2,4 D ( acid, amine salt, and ester) was applied as a preplant treatment at 2.8x the maximum label rate. 19 GLN 860.1650: Submittal of Analytical Reference Standards An analytical reference standard for 2,4 D is available from the EPA National Pesticide Standards Repository.

GLN 860.1850 and 860.1900: Confined/ Field Accumulation in Rotational Crops The reregistration requirements for confined/ field rotational crop studies are fulfilled. The available confined rotational crop data ( summarized below) indicate that additional field trials are not required. In addition, no rotational crop tolerances are necessary, and no plantback intervals following 2,4 D application are needed.

Radioactive residues in lettuce, radishes, and wheat were < 0.001 0.06 ppm and 0.01 0.084 ppm from plantings made 30 and 139 days, respectively, following an application of [ 14C] 2,4 D to a sandy loam soil at 2.17 lb ae/ A ( 1.1x the maximum label rate). Radioactive residues were adequately characterized in all crop matrices. The majority of the 14C residues were characterized as either aqueous soluble or unextractable and reflected the incorporation of radioactivity into natural components. In wheat grain, radioactivity incorporated into starch accounted for 69 81% of the TRR, and 6 34.6% of the TRR was associated with isolated cellulose and lignin fractions from lettuce, radish tops, and wheat straw from the 30 day PBI and wheat forage and straw from the 139 day PBI. Acidic organic fractions, which would have contained 2,4 D residues, were  0.004 ppm in all matrices from both PBIs following either direct solvent extraction or acid hydrolysis and solvent extraction. Aqueous EtOH soluble residues were 0.003 0.017 ppm, and were only > 0.01 ppm in radish tops ( 30 day PBI) and wheat straw ( 30 and 139 day PBIs). Organosoluble residues released by hydrolysis of solvent extracted solids also accounted for minor amounts of radioactivity (< 10% TRR and < 0.01 ppm). The only metabolites detected in any matrix were 2,4 D and 2,4 dichloroanisole, which were each detected at 0.0005 ppm following acid hydrolysis of EtOH/ H 2 O soluble residues from radish tops. 20 ( Continued; footnotes follow)

Table A2. Food/ Feed and Aquatic Use Patterns for 2,4 D forms Supported by the Task Force II.

Crop 2, 4 D AI 1 Formulation types 2 Application type, timing, and equipment Max.

Single rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Max.

Seasonal rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Restrictions/ comments 4 Food/ Feed Crop Uses Asparagus acid, salts and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast post emergence 2.0 4.0 30 day RTI and 3 day PHI Do not exceed 2 applications/ crop.

Blueberry, low bush acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed wiper or spot application to weeds above crop 0.0375 lb ae/ gal Not specified ( NS) Apply only in non bearing year Directed spot application to hardwoods in row middles after harvest 1 lb ae/ 10 gal of oil Blueberry, high bush acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed post emergence before and after harvest 1.4 2.8 30 day PHI Avoid herbicide contact with blueberry foliage Cereal grains ( wheat, barely,

millet, oats, and rye) acid, salts,

amines and esters WP, EC,

SC/ S, SC/ L Broadcast post emergence ( after tilling prior to jointing) 1.25 1.75 Do not harvest within 14 days of application Broadcast preharvest 0.5 Citrus oranges and grapefruit Isopropyl ester only EC Broadcast application to increase fruit size when oranges are < 0.75" in diameter and grapefruit are < 1" in diameter 0.1 NS 7 day PHI oranges and grapefruit Broadcast application to reduce pre harvest fruit drop ( Sept. Jan.) 200 ppm NS oranges and lemons Broadcast application to prevent pre harvest drop of fruit and leaves 24 ppm NS lemons Post harvest spray or dip in water or water wax emulsion 500 ppm NS Table A2. Food/ Feed and Aquatic Use Patterns for 2,4 D forms Supported by the Task Force II.

Crop 2, 4 D AI 1 Formulation types 2 Application type, timing, and equipment Max.

Single rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Max.

Seasonal rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Restrictions/ comments 4 21 ( Continued; footnotes follow)

Corn, field and pop acid, salts,

amines and esters WP, EC,

SC/ S, SC/ L Broadcast preplant or preemergence 1.0 3.0 7 day PHI for grain and fodder No PHI is listed for forage Broadcast post emergence to plants < 8" in height Directed post emergence to plants > 8" in height ( keep spray off foliage) 0.5 Broadcast preharvest after hard dough stage 1.5 Corn, sweet acid, salts,

amines and esters WP, EC,

SC/ S, SC/ L Broadcast preplant or preemergence 1.0 1.5 21 day RTI and 45 day PHI No PHI is listed for forage Broadcast post emergence to plants < 8" in height Directed post emergence to plants > 8" in height ( keep spray off foliage) 0.5 Cranberries acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed wipe or spot applications to weeds above crop 1.2 lb ae/ gal 2.4 30 day PHI Make only 1dormant and 2 post emergence applications/ crop esters G Broadcast application to dormant plants 4.0 4.0 Filberts 6 acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed to suckers ( 6 8") at tree base during growing season 1.0 lb ae/ 100 gal NA 30 day RTI and 45 day PHI Do not make more than 4 applications/ year Grapes acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed application to weeds Apply after shatter following bloom before shoots reach ground or during dormant season 1.36 1.36 100 day PHI For use only in CA Do not apply to grape foliage,

shoots, or stems Table A2. Food/ Feed and Aquatic Use Patterns for 2,4 D forms Supported by the Task Force II.

Crop 2, 4 D AI 1 Formulation types 2 Application type, timing, and equipment Max.

Single rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Max.

Seasonal rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Restrictions/ comments 4 22 ( Continued; footnotes follow)

Grasses ( pastures and rangeland) acid, salts,

amines,

esters WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast post emergence applications 2.0 4.0 30 day RTI and 7 day PHI for hay Grasses ( grown for seed) acid, salts,

amines,

esters WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S,

G Broadcast post emergence applications 2.0 4.0 21 day RTI and 7 day PHI for hay Hops 5 acid and amines SC/ L Directed post emergence application between rows 0.5 1.5 30 day RTI and 28 day PHI Pistachios 6 acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed post emergence application to orchard floor 2.0 4.0 30 day RTI and 60 day PHI Do not make more than 2 applications/ year Do not cut orchard floor for hay within 7 days of application Pome Fruits acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed post emergence application to orchard floor 2.0 4.0 75 day RTI and 14 day PHI Do not make more than 2 applications/ year Do not cut orchard floor for hay within 7 days of application Potatoes acid, salts,

amines, and esters 7 WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast post emergence application begin at pre bud stage ( 7 10" height) 0.07 0.14 Use is restricted to potatoes grown only for the " fresh market"

10 day RTI and 45 day PHI Do not exceed 2 applications/ crop Rice acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast pre emergence 2 4 weeks prior to planting 1.0 1.5 60 day PHI Do not apply after panicle initiation Broadcast post emergence at late tillering stage 1.5 Table A2. Food/ Feed and Aquatic Use Patterns for 2,4 D forms Supported by the Task Force II.

Crop 2, 4 D AI 1 Formulation types 2 Application type, timing, and equipment Max.

Single rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Max.

Seasonal rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Restrictions/ comments 4 23 ( Continued; footnotes follow)

Rice, wild acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast post emergence at 1 2 aerial leaf stage through early tillering stage 0.25 0.25 Use is restricted to MN 60 day PHI Do not apply at boot stage or later Sorghum acids, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast post emergence when crop is 6 15" in height 1.0 1.0 30 day PHI for grain, forage, and fodder esters EC 0.5 0.5 Soybeans acid, salts,

amines, and esters WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast preplant application 0.5 1.0 Esters: Apply not less than 7 days prior to planting soybeans.

Amines, acid, salts: Apply not less than 15 days prior to planting soybeans.

1.0 1.0 Esters: Apply not less than 15 days prior to planting soybeans.

Amines, acid, salts: Apply not less than 30 days prior to planting soybeans.

Stone Fruits acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed post emergence application to orchard floor 2.0 4.0 75 day RTI and 40 day PHI Do not make more than 2 applications/ year Do not cut orchard floor for hay within 7 days of application.

Strawberry acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast after last harvest or during dormancy 1.5 1.5 Do not use in CA or FL Sugarcane acid, salts and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Broadcast preemergence and post emergence ( prior to canopy closure) 2.0 4.0 harvest at maturity Tree Nuts 6 acid, salts,

and amines WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S Directed post emergence application to orchard floor 2.0 4.0 30 day RTI and 60 day PHI Do not cut orchard floor for hay within 7 days of application. Table A2. Food/ Feed and Aquatic Use Patterns for 2,4 D forms Supported by the Task Force II.

Crop 2, 4 D AI 1 Formulation types 2 Application type, timing, and equipment Max.

Single rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Max.

Seasonal rate ( lb ae/ A) 3 Restrictions/ comments 4 24 Aquatic Uses Ditch banks acid, salts,

amines,

BEE ester WP, EC,

SC/ L, SC/ S,

G ( BEE ester only) Post emergence to ditch banks 2.0 4.0 30 day RTI Apply no more than 2 treatments/ season.

Do not use on small canals (< 10 CFS) used for drinking water.

Allow no more than 2 foot overspray into water with an average of < 1 foot overspray.

Emergent aquatic weeds 8 Surface application 4.0 NS 21 day RTI for surface applications.

Do not apply within 1500 ft of potable water intakes.

Unless an approved assay indicates that 2,4 D concentration is

0.07 ppm do not use for potable water.

Unless an approved assay indicates that 2,4 D concentration is

0.1 ppm do not use for irrigation unless crops or non crop areas have direct labeled uses for 2,4 D.

Aquatic weeds8 Surface application or subsurface injection 10.8 lb ae/ acre ft.

1 Lists the forms of 2,4 D being supported for each use; salts = inorganic salts, amines = amine salts.

2 Specifies the types of formulations being supported.

3 All rates are listed in lb acid equivalents ( a. e.) unless otherwise noted.

4 RTI = minimum retreatment intervals; PHI = pre harvest interval.

5 The use on hops is a new use being proposed by IR 4 ( PP# 2E6352).

6 Available data also supports use of ester forms of 2,4 D.

7 Data from only one test supports the use of the esters forms.

8 For use on weeds in ponds, lakes, reservoirs, marshes, bayous, drainage ditches, canals, rivers and streams that are quiescent or slow moving, including programs of the Tennessee Valley Authority. ( continued; footnotes follow) 25 Table B. Residue Chemistry Science Assessments for Reregistration of 2,4 D.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 860.1200: Directions for Use Not applicable ( N/ A) Yes 2 860.1300: Plant Metabolism N/ A No 00004666 00004667 00004669 00004675 00004676 00004677 00004680 00004681 00004682 00004683 00004689 00004693 00004698 00004699 00004715 00004723 00004960 00004996 00074214 00074215 00074216 00074217 00102675 00102676 00102679 00102717 00123973 Blacktop and Linscott. ( 1968), Feung, et al. ( 1972) 41991503 3 424231014 42439701 5 42615601 5 43290501 6 43496101 7 860.1300: Livestock Metabolism N/ A No 00004705 00068891 42605201 5 42749701 8 43160201 9 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 ( continued; footnotes follow) 26 860.1340: Residue Analytical Methods  Plant commodities N/ A No 00004720 00033119 00036171 00037169 00042288 00045364 00045365 00046125 00059025 00059026 00059027 00059033 00060113 00060120 00060870 00060872 00060880 00061012 00061014 00061016 00061017 00061018 00061645 00074219 00075198 00075715 00075716 00075719 00088176 00102605 00102710 00102717 00102719 00102737 00102815 00102862 00102865 00109535 00115499 00115509 00120057 00121733 00123269 00126684 00127273 00133938 00136845 00138635 00139511 00139951 00140092 00156264 PP# 6E2606 ( 1979) Aly and Faust ( 1964) Bontoyan ( 1985) Freed ( 1948) 43289301 10 43691101 11 43893701 12  Livestock commodities N/ A No 00004701 00004707 00004719 00037169 00043759 00055485 00066156 00068011 00068892 00068893 00071787 00078237 00102713 00102714 00102760 00102816 00102821 00115509 00115515 00120057 Otto et al ( 1982), 44016501 13 44016502 13 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 ( continued; footnotes follow) 27 860.1340: Residue Analytical Methods ( continued)

 Water N/ A No 00035913 00115509 00121711 00136848 00140032 Otto et al ( 1982)

860.1360: Multiresidue Methods N/ A No 860.1380: Storage Stability Data  Plant commodities N/ A No 00136845 00140092 00145248 43809901 14 43870301 15 43879901 16 43879902 16 43879903 16 43879904 16 43879905 16 43886401 17 43886402 17 43886403 17 43886404 17 43886405 17 43886406 17 43943101 17 43963801 17 43963802 17 44211901 18 45245601 19  Livestock commodities N/ A No 44024801 18 44967401 19  Water N/ A No 00035913 00139511 860.1400: Water, Fish, and Irrigated Crops  Irrigated Crops 0.1 [ § 180.142( a)( 3)] 1 [ § 180.142( a)( 6)] Yes 20 00052597 00139511  Fish and Shellfish 1 [ § 180.142( a)( 6)] No 00028443 00035913 00043759 00052597 00102760 00115741 43378801 21 44135201 18 44577801 18  Water 0.1 [ § 180.142( a)( 13)] No 00035913 00038429 00052597 00102788 00115741 00118549 4296850122 42968502 22 860.1460: Food Handling N/ A N/ A 860.1480: Meat, Milk, Poultry, Eggs  Milk and the Fat, Meat, and Meat Byproducts of Cattle, Goats, Hogs, Horses, and Sheep 0.2, fat, meat mbyp ( except kidney); 2, kidney; 0.1, milk [ § 180.142( a)( 8)] No 00004701 00004707 00004719 00059034 00068892 00068893 00102714 44024801 18  Eggs and the Fat, Meat, and Meat Byproducts of Poultry 0.05, poultry and eggs [ § 180.142( a)( 8)] No 23 00102719 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 ( continued; footnotes follow) 28 860.1500: Crop Field Trials Root and Tuber Vegetables Group  Potatoes 0.2 [ § 180.142 ( a)( 11)] No 00060876 00102814 00102862 00136845 43886401 17 Legume Vegetables ( Succulent or Dried) Group  Soybean seed 0.02, seed [ § 180.142 ( a)( 11)] No 43356301 24 43356302 24 43356303 24 43669801 25 Foliage of Legume Vegetables Group  Soybean forage and hay None established No 43356301 24 43356302 24 43356303 24 43669801 25 Citrus Fruits ( Citrus spp., Fortunella spp.) Group 5 [ § 180.142 ( a)( 1) and [ § 180.142 ( a)( 1)( ii)] No 26 00102605 43870303 15  Grapefruits  Lemons No 00102879 00115509 43870303 15 45462201 19  Oranges No 00042526 00102605 00102737 00139059 00163903 43870303 15 4546220119 45672201 19 Pome Fruits Group  Apples 5 [ § 180.142( a)( 1)] No 00102824 43943101 17  Pears 5 [ § 180.142( a)( 1)] No 00102824 43886405 17  Quinces 5 [ § 180.142( a)( 1)] No Stone Fruits Group 0.2 [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] 5, apricots [ § 180.142( a)( 1) and [ § 180.142( a)( 1)( i)] No 00088176  Cherry No 43879902 16  Peach No 43879901 16  Plum/ Fresh Prune No 43879903 16 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 ( continued; footnotes follow) 29 Berries Group  Blueberries 0.1 [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00061010 00061012 43886403 17 44268501 27  Raspberries 0.1 [ § 180.142( a)( 10)] No 28 40881401 29 Tree Nuts Group 0.2, nuts [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No  Almond No 00088176 44211901 18  Filbert No 00088176 43963801 17  Pecan No 00088176 43963802 17  Walnut No 00088176 00115509 Cereal Grains Group  Barley, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 30 00004610 00036168 00036169 00036171 00036169 00059025 00059027 00059029 00060117 00061010  Corn, field, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00021755 00022329 00025383 00028385 00030697 43676801 31 43686001 31 43693702 31  Corn, sweet ( K+ CWHR) 0.5, corn, fresh, sweet ( K+ CWHR) [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00102865 43886406 17  Millet, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 32 00025330 00161187  Oats, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 30 00036169 00059028 00102816  Rice, grain 0.1 [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00004594 00120057 43747901 31 43785901 31  Rice, wild, grain 0.1 [ § 180.142( b)] No 43853601 33  Rye, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 30  Sorghum, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00102719 00102889 00120057 43697801 31 43718001 31 43718002 31 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 ( continued; footnotes follow) 30  Wheat, grain 0.5, grain [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00022622 00036168 00036170 00036171 00045369 00046127 00059029 00060111 00061010 00078482 00090361 00127226 00128778 43665201 31 43665202 31 43676802 31 43797901 34 43797903 34 4419030118 44190302 18 Forage, Fodder, and Straw, of Cereal Grains Group  Barley, hay and straw None established No 30 00036168 00036171 00059025 00059027  Corn, field, forage, and stover 20, forage and fodder [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00021755 00022622 00025383 00028385 00030697 00073273 00075715 00075724 00102865 00127273 00139511 43676801 31 43686001 31 43693702 31  Corn, sweet, forage and stover None established No 35  Millet, forage, hay, and straw 20, forage and straw [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 32  Oat, forage, hay, and straw 20, forage [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 30 00059028  Rice, straw 20, straw [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00120057 43747901 31 43785901 31  Rye, forage and straw 20, forage [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 30  Sorghum, forage and stover 20, forage and fodder [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00102719 00102889 00120057 43697801 31 43718001 31 43718002 31  Wheat, forage, hay, and straw 20, forage [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] Yes 36 00004485 00028173 00028200 00042288 00061010 00063507 00090360 00102712 00120057 00138635 00144791 00147047 43665201 31 43665202 31 43676802 31 43797901 34 43797903 34 44190301 18 44190302 18 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 ( continued; footnotes follow) 31 Grass Forage, Fodder, and Hay Group  Grass ( pastures and rangeland) forage and hay 1,000, pasture and rangeland grass 300, grass hay [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00004485 00028173 00028200 00042288 00061010 00063507 00090360 00102712 00120057 00138635 00144791 00147047 43592101 31 43610801 31 43610802 31 43665203 31 43665204 31 43665205 31 43779501 31 43779502 31 43779503 31 43779504 31 Miscellaneous Commodities  Asparagus 5 [ § 180.142( a)( 4)] No 00025338 00060870 43879905 16  Aspirated Grain Fractions None established No 37 43693701 31 43709701 31  Cranberries 5 [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00061010 00061012 43886402 17  Grapes 5 [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00061012 00102833 43947901 38 4524560119 45647101 19 45665801 19  Hops 0.1 [ § 180.142( a)( 3)] No 4551270139  Pistachios 0.2 [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 43879904 16  Strawberries 0.05 [ § 180.142( a)( 5)] No 00102717 00102812 43886404 17  Sugarcane 2, sugarcane 20, forage [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] No 00030701 00079738 00102640 00102794 00115793 00127823 43736101 31 43736102 31 860.1520: Processed Food/ Feed  Apples None established No 43943101 17  Barley 2, milled fractions ( except flour) [ § 180.142( a)( 13)( ii)] 2, milled fractions [ § 180.142( a)( 12)( ii)] No 40  Citrus None established No 43870302 15  Corn, field None established No 43709701 31 Table B. continued.

GLN: Data Requirements Current Tolerances, ppm [ 40 CFR] Must Additional Data Be Submitted? References 1 32  Grape None established No 45245601 19 45647101 19  Oats 2, milled fractions ( except flour) [ § 180.142( a)( 13)( ii) 2, milled fractions ] [ § 180.142( a)( 12)( ii)] No 40  Potato None established No 41  Prunes None established No 43879903 16  Rice None established No 43755402 31  Rye 2, milled fractions ( except flour) [ § 180.142( a)( 13)( ii)] 2, milled fractions [ § 180.142( a)( 12)( ii)] No 40  Sorghum None established No 43709702 31  Soybean None established No  Sugarcane 5, molasses [ § 180.142( a)( 12)( i)] and [ § 180.142( a)( 13)( i)] 5, bagasse [ § 180.142( a)( 12)( i)] No 00030701 00068889 43755401 31  Wheat 2, milled fractions ( except flour) [ § 180.142( a)( 2)] 2, milled fractions [ § 180.1450] No 43693701 31 860.1650: Submittal of Reference Standards No 860.1850: Confined Rotational Crops N/ A No 43356002 24 860.1900: Field Rotational Crops None established No Table B. continued.

33 1. References without endnotes were reviewed in the Residue Chemistry Science Chapter of the 2,4 D Guidance Document, dated 2/ 16/ 88. Otherwise, references were reviewed as noted.

2. Several label amendments are required. Refer to the text under OPPTS GLN 860.1200, Directions for Use.

3. CBRS No. 9560, DP Barcode D175452, 6/ 30/ 92, W. Smith.

4. CBRS No. 10369, DP Barcode D181459, 8/ 26/ 92, W. Smith.

5. CBRS Nos. 10466, 11197, 11219; DP Barcodes D181885, D186732, D186927; 4/ 6/ 93; R. Perfetti.

6. CBRS 14067, DP Barcode D205343, 1/ 6/ 95, R. Perfetti.

7. CBRS No. 14901, DP Barcode D210592, 2/ 15/ 96, D. Miller.

8. CBRS No. 11842, DP Barcode D191013, 6/ 16/ 93, R. Perfetti.

9. CBRS No. 13463, DP Barcode D201016, 8/ 4/ 94, R. Perfetti.

10. CBRS No. 14004, DP Barcode D205346, 1/ 26/ 96, D. Miller.

11. CBRS No. 15807, DP Barcode D216962, 3/ 18/ 96, D. Miller.

12. CBRS No. 16878, DP Barcode D222627, 6/ 11/ 96, D. Miller.

13. CBRS No. 17267, DP Barcode D226556, 6/ 26/ 94, D. Miller.

14. CBRS No. 16425, DP Barcode D220451, 3/ 19/ 96, D. Miller.

15. CBRS No. 16703 and 16688, DP Barcode D221853, 7/ 8/ 96, D. Miller.

16. CBRS No. 16765, DP D222312, 7/ 9/ 96, D. Miller.

17. CBRS Nos. 17090 and 17091, DP Barcodes D224795 and D224796, 7/ 17/ 96, D. Miller.

18. DP Barcode D276792, 3/ 1/ 04, W. Hazel.

19. DP Barcodes D276792 and D283959, 3/ 1/ 04, W. Hazel.

20. To support tolerances for inadvertent residues of 2,4 D in/ on irrigated crops, additional residue data are required on sugar beet roots and tops to represent field crops from the root and tuber vegetable crop group and the foliage of root and tuber vegetable crop group. The treated crops should be irrigated with water containing 2,4 D at 0.1 ppm. To support tolerances in irrigated perennial crops, residue data are also required for irrigated strawberry.

21. CBRS No. 14481, DP Barcode D208093, 1/ 20/ 95, R. Perfetti.

22. CBTS No. 12765, DP Barcode D192646, 7/ 12/ 94, G. Kramer. Table B. continued.

34 23. The reregistration requirements for studies pertaining to magnitude of the residue in poultry tissues and eggs are waived. Based on the results of 2,4 D poultry metabolism study, there is no reasonable expectation of finite residues in poultry tissues and eggs [ Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3)] when 2,4 D is applied according to registered use directions. Therefore, tolerances for residues of 2,4 D in poultry commodities are not needed ( CBRS No. 16643, DP Barcode D221414, 1/ 4/ 97, D. Miller).

24. CBRS No. 14458, DP Barcode D207980, 11/ 30/ 95, D. Miller.

25. MRID 43669801 is an amendment to the soybean field trial reported in MRID 43356302. None of the changes reported in MRID 43669801 affect the regulatory conclusions made in the earlier review of this study ( DP Barcode D207980, 11/ 30/ 95, D. Miller).

26. Although no data are available supporting the postharvest use of 2,4 D in/ on grapefruit imported into the U. S., none are required as postharvest residue data are available for lemons and oranges. Given the surface to volume ratios of these fruits, 2,4 D residues in/ on grapefruit are unlikely to exceed the residues observed in lemons and oranges resulting from a postharvest use.

27. DP Barcode D235983, 3/ 1/ 04, W. Hazel.

28. There is no indication that IR 4 or the Task Force II are supporting the use of 2,4 D on raspberries ( use was formerly restricted to MN).

29. PP# 9E3704, CB No. 4684, 3/ 03/ 89, F. Toghrol.

30. The available residue data for wheat grain, forage, and straw may be translated to barley, millet, oats, and rye as the uses on these crops are identical to the use on wheat.

31. CBRS Nos. 15334, 15519, 15707, 15733, 15754, 15812, 15884, 15886, 15975, 16021, 16152, 16224, 16226, and 16238; DP Barcodes D213641, D214733, D216364, D216606, D216608, D216939, D217132, D217400, D217790, D217980, D218820, D219399, D219400, and D219402; 6/ 3/ 96, D. Miller.

32. The available wheat grain, forage, and straw data have been translated to millet grain, forage, and straw. The data required herein for wheat hay will be translated to millet hay.

33. PP# 6E4636, DP Barcodes D221776, D221777, and D22290, 5/ 14/ 96, M. Nelson.

34. CBRS No. 16426, DP Barcode D220447, 4/ 4/ 96, D. Miller.

35. Separate residue data on sweet corn forage and stover are not required as the use on sweet corn is similar to field corn except that the PHI for sweet corn is much longer ( 45 days) than for field corn ( 7 days). Therefore, the residue data on field corn forage and stover will also be used to conservatively support tolerances in sweet corn forage and stover.

36. Adequate residue data are available on wheat forage and straw to support the use on wheat. However, data are required depicting residues of 2,4 D in/ on wheat hay harvested following a single broadcast application of 2,4 D ( amine salt and ester) at 1.25 lb ae/ A. A total of 20 trials should be conducted with side by side tests using an amine salt and ester form of 2,4 D at each location. A PHI should also be proposed for hay.

37. Adequate data for AGF are available from field corn and wheat, and residue data on AGF from sorghum and soybeans are not required as the uses on these crops are either preplant or early season applications. In addition, residues in/ on all samples of sorghum grain and soybeans seeds were < 0.05 ppm. Table B. continued.

35 38. The original submission of this study ( MRID 43947901) was not reviewed ( CBRS No. 17035, DP Barcode D224228, 4/ 24/ 96, D. Miller). However, a duplicate of this study ( MRID 45647101) was reviewed under DP Barcode D276792, 3/ 1/ 04, W. Hazel.

39. Adequate field trial data supporting the use of 2,4 D DMA on hops have been submitted by IR 4 in conjunction with a petition ( PP# 2E6352, DP Barcode D285505, 3/ 1/ 04, W. Hazel) proposing a 0.1 ppm tolerance for 2,4 D residues in/ on hops.

40. The available wheat processing study will be translated to barley, oats, and rye.

41. A potato processing study for 2,4 D has not been submitted yet is not required. The use of 2,4 D on potatoes is for enhancing the red color and storage retention of red potatoes, and the use is restricted to potatoes grown for " Fresh market only." As most processing potatoes are grown under contract with the processor, who specifies the varieties and pesticides that can be used, the label restriction to fresh market potatoes is acceptable for this use of 2,4 D ( B. Schneider, personal communication, 6/ 5/ 03). 36 TOLERANCE REASSESSMENT SUMMARY Tolerances for residues of 2,4 D in/ on plant RACs and processed commodities, fish, and potable water are currently expressed in terms of 2,4 D per se [ 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 1 6 and 9 12) and ( b)]. Tolerances for residues in livestock commodities are currently expressed in terms of 2,4 D and/ or its metabolite 2,4 dichlorophenol ( 2,4 DCP) [ 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 8)].

The MARC has concluded that 2,4 D is the residue of concern and that tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 180.142 are to be defined as residues of 2,4 D, both free and conjugated, determined as the acid ( W. Hazel and L. Taylor, 12/ 3/ 03, D293119, TXR No. 0052264).

HED notes that there are a number of separate active ingredients in 2,4 D Reregistration Case No. 0073. These are 2,4 D in the acid form as well as the sodium salt, four amine salts, and three esters ( see Table A1). Upon contact with water and/ or hydrolytic enzymes, all of these forms are converted to a single common moiety ( 2,4 D anion or acid depending on pH) that is the pesticidally active component serving as the basis for tolerance regulation ( i. e., 2,4 D acid). As the available tolerance enforcement methodology cannot distinguish between which form of the pesticidally active component was applied, HED recommends that the tolerance definition at CFR § 180.142 be revised to remove all references to the specific form of the active ingredient applied. We note that most of the salts and esters listed at 180.142 no longer serve as active ingredients in a registered pesticide product. Also, new salt and ester forms of 2,4 D may be registered as active ingredients in the future. Language similar to the following is recommended for the 2,4 D tolerance expression at 180.142( a) to cover applications of the various forms of the pesticidally active component:

" Tolerances are established for residues of the herbicide, plant growth regulator, and fungicide 2,4 D ( 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), both free and conjugated, determined as the acid, in or on the raw agricultural commodities and processed products listed below resulting from the preharvest and/ or postharvest application of 2,4 D or its various salts and esters. A ( generally small) portion of the 2,4 D residues comprising these tolerances may also be contributed inadvertently by the use of treated irrigation water during the crop growing season."

The listing for 2,4 D tolerances in 40 CFR § 180.142 should be recodified into parts ( a), ( b), ( c), and ( d). Part ( a) should be reserved for commodities with permanent tolerances reflecting at least a preharvest ( field) or postharvest use, part ( b) for Section 18 emergency exemptions, part ( c) for tolerances with regional registrations, and part ( d) for commodities bearing 2,4 D residues solely inadvertently, including irrigated crops. A summary of 2,4 D tolerance reassessments and recommended recodifications is presented in Table C along with any recommended changes in commodity definitions.

Note that some commodities currently are the subject of two or more separate tolerances depending on the use pattern, the 2,4 D form applied, timing of treatment ( preharvest or postharvest), or 37 degree of intent to deposit residues ( direct treatment or inadvertent). Direct treatment involves intentional field treatment of crop sites or postharvest treatment of harvested commodities on registered labels. Inadvertent deposition involves the incidental exposure of crops when water passing through 2,4 D treated irrigation ditchbanks or diverted from 2,4 D treated bodies of water is used to irrigate crops. HED is proposing to remove most such use pattern or FIFRA related language at 180.142. Due to the complicated nature of the routes of residue deposition, we are proposing to subsume the lower tolerances in the highest existing or reassessed tolerance established in the same commodity  even if that results in 180.142( a) containing some tolerances that reflect 2,4 D residues that could potentially result from two or more exposure routes. An example is citrus which has tolerances for 2,4 D in the RAC resulting from preharvest use + postharvest use, irrigation ditchbank treatment ( inadvertent), and direct water body treatment ( also inadvertent). If there are no registered uses on a given commodity and residues are likely to occur on that commodity solely inadvertently, i. e., via irrigation, then the tolerance in that commodity will be located under 180.142( d). In most cases, residues, and hence the tolerance, resulting from a direct, registered use are higher than the residues ( and the tolerance) resulting inadvertently. HED proposes these revisions because we know that an enforcement agency, having detected 2,4 D residues in a commodity, would: ( i) not be able to distinguish which form of 2,4 D had been applied; ( ii) rarely be able to determine who applied the pesticide, when, or for what purpose; and ( iii) not know whether a sample is violative if the 2,4 D concentration falls between two tolerance levels.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 1):

Adequate data are available to reassess the established tolerances for the following commodities: apple, apricot, citrus fruit, pear, potato and quince.

The available apple and pear residue data will support a crop group tolerance at 0.05 ppm for pome fruits under the redesignated section 180.142( a). The separate tolerances on apple, pear, and quince should be revoked concomitant with establishing a new pome fruit crop group tolerance.

The 5 ppm tolerance on citrus fruits should be reassessed to 3.0 ppm to reflect any combination of the preharvest use on citrus, the postharvest use of 2,4 D on lemons in the U. S., a similar postharvest use on oranges imported into the U. S., and any inadvertent ( irrigation) residues that may be incurred as a result of 2,4 D use in aquatic sites. The tolerances in citrus fruit of 0.1 ppm at 180.142( a)( 3) and 1.0 ppm at 180.142( a)( 6), both reflecting inadvertent residues, should be revoked as they will be subsumed by the reassessed tolerance of 3.0 ppm at 180.142( a). Perhaps a subsection, eg., 180.142( a)( i) could note that the citrus fruit group tolerance may include residues resulting from preharvest use of 2,4 D in citrus orchards restricted to AZ and CA.

The tolerance for residues in/ on apricots should be revoked as residues in/ on apricots will be covered by the tolerance in stone fruits. 38 Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 2):

Adequate data are available to reassess all the tolerances listed under 180.142( a)( 2). All reassessed tolerances should be recodified under the revised section 180.142( a).

Based on the available residue data, the current tolerances on grass hay and tree nuts are adequate. However, tolerances can be lowered on the following commodities: blueberry, sweet corn ( kernel plus cob with husks removed), corn forage and grain, cranberry, stone fruits, grape, grass forage, pistachio, rice straw, sorghum forage, grain and stover, and sugarcane. Tolerances should be increased on the following commodities: corn stover, rice grain, and wheat grain and forage.

The available residue data for wheat commodities will be used to reassess tolerances on similar commodities from barley, millet, oats, and rye. Tolerances should be increased accordingly on: barley grain; millet grain, forage and straw; oat forage and grain; and rye forage and grain.

The tolerance for residues in sugarcane forage should be revoked because it is no longer considered a significant livestock feed item and has been deleted from Table 1 ( OPPTS GLN 860.1000).

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 3):

Tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 3) are established for negligible residues of 2,4 D in irrigated crops from application of its dimethylamine salt to irrigation ditch banks in the Western United States in programs of the Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Department of Interior; cooperating water user organizations; the Bureau of Sport Fisheries, U. S. Department of Interior; Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture; and the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Department of Defense. Where tolerances are established at higher levels resulting from other uses of 2,4 D, the higher tolerance applies also to residues in crops from the irrigation ditch bank use cited in this paragraph.

The tolerances in crops or crop groups listed under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 3) that do not have a direct treatment tolerance under 180.142( a) should be recodified as 180.142( d), i. e., inadvertent residue tolerances.

The available irrigated crop data support tolerances for inadvertent residues at 0.2 ppm in foliage of legume vegetables ( group 7) and nongrass animal feed ( group 18) and at 0.05 ppm in/ on the following crops groups: bulb vegetables ( group 3), legume vegetables ( group 6), cucurbit vegetables ( group 9), and fruiting vegetables ( group 8).

In addition, tolerances resulting from the primary use of 2,4 D on grasses, citrus fruits, and tree nuts are high enough to cover any inadvertent residues in these crops that may result from the use of 2,4 D treated irrigation water. Therefore, separate tolerances for inadvertent residues in/ on these crops are not required and would be superfluous. 39 Separate tolerances for inadvertent residues are unnecessary in pome fruits, stone fruits, pistachios, grapes, blueberry, and strawberry as these crops all have tolerances resulting from the direct use of 2,4 D. However, the tolerances in all of these commodities have been reassessed at 0.05 ppm, the LOQ of the enforcement method, to reflect only direct treatment at this time. It is reasonably possible that inadvertent residues resulting from irrigation with treated water could contribute concentrations of 2,4 D in the commodities necessitating tolerances higher than 0.05 ppm. Therefore, confirmatory irrigated crop residue data are required for representative perennial crops ( grape, an orchard fruit, and strawberry). The field trial data on irrigated grapes will be used to determine an appropriate contributing inadvertent residue level in berries, and field trial data on an irrigated tree fruit ( e. g. apples) will be used to determine an appropriate contributing inadvertent residue level in all orchard crops having reassessed direct treatment tolerances at 0.05 ppm under the revised 180.142( a) as well as the appropriate inadvertent tolerance in avocados under 180.142( d). Also, additional residue data on sugar beets and tops irrigated with water containing 2,4 D at 0.1 ppm are required to permit reassessment of the tolerances in the Root and Tuber Vegetables Group and the Leaves of Root and Tuber Vegetables Group resulting inadvertently due to irrigation with 2,4 D treated water. These data may also be used to reassess inadvertent tolerances established at 180.142( d) as a result of the 2,4 D RED.

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 4):

The established tolerance for residues in/ on asparagus is reassessed at the current level under the revised tolerance expression and is to be recodified as 40 CFR § 180.142( a).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 5)

The established tolerance for residues in/ on strawberry is reassessed at the current level under the revised tolerance expression and is to be recodified as 40 CFR § 180.142( a).

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 6):

Tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 6) are established for residues of 2,4 D from application of its dimethylamine salt for water hyacinth control in ponds, lakes, reservoirs, marshes, bayous, drainage ditches, canals, rivers, and streams that are quiescent or slow moving in programs conducted by the Corps of Engineers or other Federal, State, or local public agencies. Where tolerances are established at higher levels from other uses of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4 D on crops included within these commodity groups, the higher tolerances also apply to residues from the aquatic uses cited in this paragraph.

Based on the available residue data, the current tolerance in shellfish is adequate and the tolerance in fish can be reduced to 0.1 ppm. Both tolerances should be recodified under the revised section 180.142( a). 40 Tolerances for residues in/ on the irrigated crops and crop groups at the current § 180.142( a)( 6) are set at 1.0 ppm whereas the tolerances in/ on the identical crops/ crop groups at § 180.142( a)( 3) are at 0.1 ppm for the irrigation ditchbank use. The recommended/ reassessed tolerances from § 180.142( a)( 3) to be recodified under sections § 180.142( a) or § 180.142( d) concomitantly address the reassessments/ recodifications recommended for tolerances at § 180.142( a)( 6), depending on whether residues are incurred directly and/ or inadvertently, as explained above.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 8):

Tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 8) are established for residues of 2,4 D and/ or its metabolite 2,4 DCP in livestock commodities. As indicated by the MARC, the regulated residue in animal commodities is 2,4 D ( free and conjugated). As a result of this residue definition change, all reassessed livestock tolerances should be recodified to § 180.142( a).

Based upon the available livestock feeding study, the 0.1 ppm tolerance in milk is reassessed at 0.05 ppm and the tolerances in cattle, goat, horse, and sheep commodities are reassessed at: 0.3 ppm in fat, meat, and meat byproducts except kidney and 4.0 ppm in kidney.

The established tolerances for 2,4 D residues in hog commodities may be revoked. Based on the MTDB for swine ( 1.6 ppm) and the results of the ruminant feeding study, there is no reasonable expectation of finite 2,4 D residues occurring in hog commodities [ Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3)].

In addition, the established tolerances for 2,4 D residues in eggs and poultry tissues may be revoked. Based on the results of the 2,4 D poultry metabolism study, there is no reasonable expectation of finite residues in poultry tissues and eggs [ Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3)].

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 9):

Tolerances listed in 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 9) are established for residues of 2,4 D from applications of its dimethylamine salt or its butoxyethanol ester for Eurasian water milfoil control in programs conducted by the Tennessee Valley Authority in dams and reservoirs of the TVA system.

The tolerance for 2,4 D residues in fish at 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 9) should be revoked and this section deleted. There is no need for two 2,4 D tolerances in fish. It has already been recommended that the 1.0 ppm tolerance in fish currently at § 180.142( a)( 6) be reassessed at 0.1 ppm and that this reassessed tolerance be recodified at the new 40 CFR § 180.142( a).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 10):

The tolerance listed in 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 10) is a regional registration as defined in Sec. 180.1( n) and is established for the residues of 2,4 D in raspberries. The tolerance includes residues from the application of 2,4 D and its N oleyl 1,3 propylenediamine salt. 41 As the members of Task Force II are not supporting 2,4 D use on this commodity, the tolerance for residues in/ on raspberries should be revoked unless another party wishes to support a use on this crop. 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 10) should be deleted and any tolerances with regional registration should be established under the revised section 40 CFR § 180.142( c).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 11):

A time limited tolerance of 0.02 ppm has been established for residues of 2,4 D resulting from the preplant use of 2,4 D ester or amine in/ on soybean seed [ 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 11)], expiring on December 31, 2004. Adequate residue data are available to support permanent tolerances on soybean commodities. Section 180.142( a)( 11) should be deleted, and permanent tolerances for 2,4 D residues in/ on soybean seed, forage, and hay are recommended to be established under the revised section 180.142( a).

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 12):

Tolerances listed at 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 12) are established for residues of 2,4 D in processed feeds. Such residues may be present therein only as a result of application to the growing crop of the herbicides identified in this section. Tolerances formerly listed at 40 CFR § 180.1450 were moved to 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 12) ( 63 FR 34829, 6/ 26/ 98).

The tolerance for residues in sugarcane bagasse should be revoked because it is no longer considered a significant livestock feed item and has been deleted from Table 1 ( OPPTS GLN 860.1000).

40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 12) should be deleted. The tolerance for 2,4 D residues in milled fractions derived from barley, oats, rye, and wheat should be revoked as the commodity definition will change and the tolerances will be increased and recodified at the revised 40 CFR § 180.142( a) for residues in barley bran, rye bran, and wheat bran. No tolerances in other processed products of small grains are necessary because concentration of residues does not occur in them.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 13):

Tolerances listed at CFR § 180.142( a)( 13) are established for residues of 2,4 D in processed foods and potable water.

40 CFR § 180.142( a)( 13) should be deleted. The tolerances for 2,4 D residues in sugarcane molasses and in milled fractions derived from barley, oats, rye, and wheat should be revoked as tolerances will be recodified under the revised 40 CFR § 180.142( a) for residues in sugarcane molasses, barley bran, rye bran, and wheat bran.

The established tolerance for residues of 2,4 D in potable water should be revoked as EPA/ OPPTS/ OPP no longer establishes pesticide tolerances in potable water. Instead, the EPA 42 Office of Water establishes Maximum Contaminant Levels ( MCLs). An MCL of 0.07 ppm has been established for 2,4 D in drinking water.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( b):

The tolerance listed in 40 CFR § 180.142( b) is a time limited tolerance established for 2,4 D in/ on wild rice in connection with use of 2,4 D in MN under a Section 18 emergency exemption granted by EPA. The tolerance is set to expire on December 31, 2005. As adequate residue data are available on wild rice grown in MN, a permanent tolerance for rice, wild, grain should be established at 0.05 ppm under 40 CFR § 180.142( c).

Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( a):

The revised section will include all permanent tolerances for residues of 2,4 D, defined as residues of 2,4 D, both free and conjugated, determined as the acid. The section will include all plant commodities ( excluding crop commodities exposed solely inadvertently), livestock commodities, fish, and shellfish at reassessed levels.

In addition, the available residue data indicate that new tolerances should be established for 2,4 D residues in/ on the following commodities: almond hulls; aspirated grain fractions; barley bran and straw; oat straw; rice hulls; rye bran and straw; soybean forage, hay, and seeds; and wheat bran and straw.

Once adequate residue data become available, new tolerances should also be established for wheat hay ( wheat hay data will be translated to barley hay, millet hay, and oat hay).

Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( c):

Based on the available residue data, tolerances with regional registrations should be established for wild rice grain at 0.05 ppm, reflecting the use of 2,4 D on wild rice grown in MN.

Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142( d):

Tolerances for inadvertent 2,4 D residues in irrigated crops that have no registered, direct uses will be moved from paragraph § 180.142( a)( 3) to paragraph § 180.142( d) and the commodity and crop group listings will be revised to the current EPA definitions. 43 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Table C. Tolerance Reassessment Summary for 2,4 D.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a) ( 1) 2 Apple 5 < 0.01 Revoke A single tolerance should be established at 0.05 ppm under 180.142( a) for direct and inadvertent residues in/ on the Fruit, pome, group 11.

Apricot 5  Revoke Residues in/ on apricots will be covered by the tolerance for direct and inadvertent residues in stone fruits at 180.142( a).

Fruit, citrus 5 Grapefruit= 0.079 Orange =

0.05 Lemon = < 0.05 Orange ( postharvest) = 0.24 Lemon ( postharvest) = 2.5 3.0 A tolerance should be established in Fruit, citrus,

group 10, recodified as 180.142( a), that will cover the preharvest use on citrus, the postharvest use on lemons in the U. S., the postharvest use on citrus imported into the U. S., and the inadvertent residues due to irrigation with treated water.

Pear 5 < 0.01 Revoke A single tolerance should be established at 0.05 ppm under 180.142( a) for direct and inadvertent residues in/ on the Fruit, pome, group 11.

Potato 0.2 0.125 ( direct)

0.31 ( irrigation) 0.40 Includes direct and inadvertent ( irrigation) residues.

Recodify as 180.142( a).

Quince 5  Revoke Residues in/ on quince will be included under the 0.05 ppm tolerance at 180.142( a) for direct and inadvertent residues in/ on the Fruit, pome, group 11.

Tolerances Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a) ( 2) 2 Barley, grain 0.5 Not applicable ( NA) 2.0 The submitted data for wheat grain may be translated to barley grain. Recodify as 180.142( a).

Blueberry 0.1 lowbush = < 0.05 highbush = 0.011 Revoke To be included under the 0.2 ppm Berries group 13 tolerance to be recodified as 180.142( a).

Corn, fodder 20 49.8 50.0 Residue data from the 7 day PHI. Recodify as 180.142( a). Corn, stover Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

44 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Corn, forage 20 5.2 6.0 Residue data from the 7 day PHI. Recodify as 180.142( a).

Corn, fresh, sweet,

kernel plus cob with husks removed 0.5 < 0.05 0.05 Recodify as 180.142( a).

Corn, grain 0.5 0.038 0.05 Residue data from 7 day PHI. Recodify as 180.142( a).

Cranberry 0.5 0.106 Revoke To be included under the 0.2 ppm Berries group 13 tolerance to be recodified as 180.142( a).

Fruit, stone 0.2 Cherries = < 0.05 Peaches = < 0.01 Plums = < 0.01 0.05 Recodify as 180.142( a). This tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. Fruit,

stone, group 12 Grape 0.5 < 0.05 0.05 Residue data on grape are available for the entire U. S. Recodify as 180.142( a).

Grass, hay 300 279 300 Residue data from the 7 day posttreatment interval ( PTI) for Grass, hay. Recodify as 180.142( a).

Grass, pasture 1,000 358 360 Recodify as 180.142( a). Residue data from the 0

day PTI. This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. Grass, forage Grass, rangeland 1,000 Millet, forage 20 NA 25 The data for wheat forage, grain, and straw may be translated to millet forage, grain, and straw. The required wheat hay data will be translated to millet hay. Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Millet, grain 0.5 2.0 Millet, straw 20 50 Nut 0.2 Filbert = 0.095 Pecan = < 0.05 almond = 0.16 0.2 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. Nut,

tree, group 14 Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

45 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Oat, forage 20 NA 25 The data for wheat forage may be translated to oat forage. Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Oat, grain 0.5 NA 2.0 The data for wheat grain may be translated to oat grain. Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Pistachio 0.2 < 0.05 0.05 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Rice 0.1 0.485 0.5 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Rice, grain Rice, straw 20 8.83 10 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Rye, forage 20 NA 25 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. The data for wheat forage may be translated to rye forage.

Rye, grain 0.5 NA 2.0 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. The data for wheat grain may be translated to rye grain.

Sorghum, fodder 20 0.042 0.17 ( irrigated crop) 0.2 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Sorghum, stover Sorghum, forage 20 0.162 0.2 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues.

Sorghum, grain 0.5 0.012 0.2 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

46 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Sugarcane 2 0.015 0.05 Recodify as 180.142( a). Sugarcane, cane Sugarcane, forage 20  Revoke Sugarcane forage is no longer considered a significant livestock feed item.

Wheat, forage 20 24.9 25 Recodify as 180.142( a). This new tolerance will now cover both direct and inadvertent residues. The 14 day PHI residue data on wheat forage and grain will be used to support tolerances for residues in/ on similar commodities of barley, millet, oats, and rye.

Wheat, grain 0.5 1.39 2.0 Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 3) 4 Avocado 0.1( N)  0.05 Recodify as 180.142( d).

Cottonseed 0.1( N)  0.05 Recodify as 180.142( d). Cotton, undelinted seed Cucurbits 0.1( N)  0.05 Recodify as 180.142( d). Vegetable, cucurbit, group 9 Fruit, citrus 0.1( N)  Revoke Inadvertent residues will be covered by the crop group tolerance on citrus fruit at 180.142( a).

Fruit, pome 0.1( N)  Revoke Inadvertent residues will be covered by the crop group tolerance on pome fruit at 180.142( a).

Fruit, stone 0.1( N)  Revoke Revocation of one strone fruit tolerance is necessary to avoid duplication. Inadvertent residues will be covered by the stone fruit group tolerance at 180.142( a)( 2) to be recodified as 180.142( a). Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

47 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Grain, crop 0.1( N)  Revoke Separate tolerances in RACs of each grain will be individually established and recodified as 180.142( a)

in/ on grain, forage, fodder, stover, or hay, as applicable, to cover both direct and inadvertent residues. Upon formal Agency approval, a small grains subgroup tolerance may be established.

Grass, forage 0.1( N)  Revoke Inadvertent residues will be covered by the grass forage tolerance for direct residues to be recodified as 180.142( a).

Hop 0.1( N)  0.2 Inadvertent residues will be covered by the hop tolerance for direct residues upon establishment at 180.142( a) in response to PP# 2E6352.

Leafy vegetables 0.1( N) 0.33 ( irrigated crop) 0.4 Establish separate tolerances for inadvertent residues in the Vegetable, leafy, except brassica, group 4 and Vegetable, brassica, leafy, group 5 at 0.4 ppm under the revised 180.142( d)

Legume, forage 0.1( N) 0.15 ( irrigated crop) Group 7  0.2 Group 18  0.2 Establish separate tolerances for the Vegetable,

foliage of legume, group 7 and Animal feed,

nongrass, group 18 for inadvertent residues under 180.142( d).

Nut 0.1( N)  Revoke Inadvertent residues will be covered by the tolerance in the tree nuts crop group at 180.142( a) Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

48 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Root crop vegetables 0.1( N)  Group 1  TBD Group 2  TBD Group 3  0.05 Additional data are required to determine inadvertent residues in sugar beet roots and tops to represent root and tuber vegetables. Establish separate tolerances in the Vegetable, bulb, group 3. When sugar beet data are received, establish separate tolerances in the Vegetable, root and tuber, group 1 and Vegetable,

leaves of root and tuber, group 2. Recodify as 180.142( a).

Seed and pod vegetables 0.1( N)  0.05 Establish tolerance for inadvertent residues at 180.142( d) in the Vegetable, legume, group 6.

Small fruit 0.1( N)  0.2 The 0.2 ppm tolerance in the Berries group 13, to be recodified at § 180.142( a), will also cover inadvertent residues. Inadvertent residues in/ on blueberry and cranberry will also be covered by this group tolerance. Inadvertent residues in/ on grape and strawberry will be covered by separate tolerances for direct uses on these crops § 180.142( a).

Vegetable, fruiting 0.1( N)  0.05 Establish tolerance for inadvertent residues at 0.05 ppm in the Vegetable, fruiting, group 8 recodified under § 180.142( d).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 4) 2 Asparagus 5 3.44 5.0 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 5) 2 Strawberry 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 Recodify as § 180.142( a). This tolerance will cover direct and inadvertent residues.

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 6) 2 Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

49 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Crops in paragraph ( c)

of this section 1.0 Revoke The tolerances to be established under paragraphs § 180.142( a) and § 180.142( d) will be sufficient to cover inadvertent residues in irrigated crops under the recodified § 180.142( a)( 6).

Crop groupings in paragraph ( c) of this section 1.0 Revoke The tolerances to be established under paragraphs § 180.142( a) and § 180.142( d) will be sufficient to cover inadvertent residues in irrigated crops under the recodified § 180.142( a)( 6).

Fish 1.0 0.07 0.10 Residue data for fish and shellfish are from recent tests where fish and shellfish were exposed to 2,4 D under static conditions at 6.0 ppm ( 1.5x). Recodify to § 180.142( a).

Shellfish 1.0 1.18 1.0 Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 8) 2 Cattle, fat 0.2 calculated for 1x MTDB 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Cattle, kidney 2 4.0 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Cattle, meat 0.2 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Cattle, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.2 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Egg 0.05 NA Revoke Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3) applies.

Goat, fat 0.2 calculated for 1x MTDB 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Goat, kidney 2 4.0 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Goat, meat 0.2 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Goat, meat byproducts,

except kidney 0.2 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a). Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

50 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Hog, fat 0.2 NA Revoke Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3) applies.

Hog, kidney 2 Hog, meat 0.2 Hog, meat byproducts,

except kidney 0.2 Horse, fat 0.2 calculated for 1x MTDB 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Horse, kidney 2 4.0 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Horse, meat 0.2 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Horse, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.2 0.3 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Milk 0.1 < 0.05, calculated for 1x MTDB 0.05 Residues in milk increased linearly with dose;

therefore, the 0.05 ppm tolerance will be adequate for the 1x dose level. Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Poultry 0.05 NA Revoke Category 3 of 40 CFR § 180.6( a)( 3) applies.

Sheep, fat 0.2 calculated for 1x MTDB 0.2 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Sheep, kidney 2 2.0 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Sheep, meat 0.2 0.2 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Sheep, meat byproducts, except kidney 0.2 0.2 Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 9) 2 Fish 1.0 0.067 Revoke The reassessed tolerance of 0.1 ppm at § 180.142( a)( 6) will be recodified as § 180.142( a).

There is no need for duplication of tolerances. Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

51 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 10) 2 Raspberry 1.0  Revoke Although there is no indication that IR 4 or the Task Force II is supporting a use on raspberries, it would be covered by the 0.2 ppm tolerance in the Berries group 13 at § 180.142( a).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 11) 3 Soybean, seed 0.02 < 0.01 0.02 Tolerance expired on 12/ 31/ 04. Residue data support a permanent tolerance. If established,

recodify as § 180.142( a).

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 12) 2 Sugarcane bagasse 5  Revoke Sugarcane bagasse is no longer considered a significant livestock feed item.

Sugarcane molasses 5 0.105 0.20 Maximum residue value is based on HAFT residues of 0.015 ppm in/ on sugarcane and a 7x concentration factor for molasses. Recodify as § 180.142( a).

Sugarcane, molasses Milled fractions derived from barley,

oats, rye, and wheat to be ingested as animal feed or converted into animal feed 2  Revoke Tolerances for direct and inadvertent residues of 2,4

D in barley, bran; rye, bran; and wheat, bran are to be established under revised 40 CFR 180.142( a).

Tolerances in other small grain processed products are not necessary as residues do not concentrate upon processing.

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a)( 13) 2 Sugarcane molasses 5 0.105 Revoke The sugarcane molasses reassessed tolerance at § 180.142( a)( 12) will be recodifed as § 180.142( a).

Duplication of tolerances is not necessary. Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

52 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Milled fractions derived from barley,

oats, rye, and wheat to be ingested as animal feed or converted into animal feed 2  Revoke Tolerances for direct and inadvertent residues of 2,4

D in barley, bran; rye, bran; and wheat, bran are to be established under revised 40 CFR 180.142( a).

Tolerances in other small grain processed products are not necessary as residues do not concentrate upon processing.

Potable water 0.1 ( N)  Revoke OPP no longer establishes tolerances in drinking water. EPA's Office of Water has established an MCL for 2,4 D at 0.07 ppm.

Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( a); this list does not include recodifications, etc. from above Almond hulls None 0.098 0.10 Almond, hulls Aspirated grain fractions None Corn AGF 1.48 ppm Wheat AGF 36.3 ppm 40 Based on HAFT residues of 0.038 ppm for corn grain and a 39x concentration factor, maximum expected residues would be 1.48 ppm in aspirated grain fractions ( AGF) derived from corn grain.

Based on HAFT residues of 3.24 ppm for wheat grain and a 11.2x concentration factor, maximum expected residues would be 36.3 ppm in AGF derived from wheat grain.

As sorghum and soybeans uses are early season uses,

residue data on AGF were not generated for these crops. Establish tolerance in AGF at 40 ppm.

Barley, hay None NA TBD Data for wheat straw were translated to barley straw.

Required wheat wheat hay data will be translated to barley hay.

Barley, straw None 50 Barley, bran None NA 4.0 Data for wheat bran were translated to barley bran.

Millet, hay None NA TBD Required wheat wheat hay data will be translated to millet hay. Table C. Continued.

Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

53 ( continued; footnotes follow)

Oat, hay None NA TBD Data for wheat straw were translated to oat straw.

Required wheat wheat hay data will be translated to oat hay.

Oat, straw  50 Rice, hulls None 1.40 2.0 Maximum residue value is based on HAFT residues of 0.425 ppm in/ on rice grain and a 3.3x concentration factor for hulls.

Rye, straw None NA 50 Data for wheat straw were translated to rye straw.

Rye, bran None NA 4.0 Data for wheat bran were translated to rye bran.

Soybean, forage None < 0.01 0.02 Adequate residue data are available to support permanent tolerances on soybean commodities.

Soybean, hay None 1.13 2.0 Soybean, seed None < 0.01 0.02 Wheat, hay None NA TBD Data are required on wheat hay Wheat, straw None 40.9 50 Wheat, bran None 3.88 4.0 Maximum residue value is based on HAFT residues of 1.08 ppm in/ on wheat grain ( 14 day PHI) and a 3.6x concentration factor for bran.

Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( b) 5 Wild rice 0.1 < 0.05 0.05 Tolerance expires 12/ 31/ 05. Adequate data are available to establish a permanent tolerance with a regional registration to be recodified as § 180.142( c)

for Rice, wild, grain at 0.05 ppm.

Tolerance Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( c) 6 Rice, wild, grain None < 0.05 0.05 regional tolerance with use restricted to MN Tolerances Needed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( d) 7 Commodity Tolerance Listed Under 40 CFR § 180.142 ( ppm) Maximum Residue Value 1 ( ppm) Reassessed Tolerance ( ppm) Comment [ Corrected Commodity Definition]

54 Commodities and crop groups currently listed under paragraph ( a)( 3) 0.1 ( N) NA NA See comments listed under § 180.142( a)( 3)

1 Maximum residue of treated RAC sample( s) following application of 2,4 D formulations according to use patterns the Task Force II registrants intend to support for reregistration.

2 This subparagraph will be deleted and tolerances recodified under revised paragraph ( a).

3 TBD = To be determined. Reassessment of tolerances( s) cannot be made at this time because additional data are required.

4 Tolerances listed under § 180.142 ( a)( 3) for inadvertent residues will be recodified as either § 180.142( a) or § 180.142( d).

5 This paragraph will be reserved for future time limited tolerances under Section 18 Emergency Exemptions.

6 Tolerances with regional registration.

7 Paragraph ( d) will contain tolerances for inadvertent residues ( e. g., residues in irrigated crops) only, i. e., there is no registration for direct use in the U. S.

If residues may result inadvertently as well as intentionally ( direct, labeled treatment), the tolerance is codified at § 180.142( a) 55 CODEX HARMONIZATION The Codex Alimentarius Commission has established several maximum residue limits ( MRLs) for residues of 2,4 D in/ on various plant and animal commodities. The Codex MRLs are expressed in terms of 2,4 D per se. The expression of residues for Codex MRLs and U. S. tolerances is harmonized. A numerical comparison of the Codex MRLs and the corresponding reassessed U. S. tolerances is presented in Table D.

Table D. Codex MRLs and applicable U. S. tolerances for 2,4 D. Recommendations for compatibility are based on conclusions following reassessment of U. S. tolerances ( see Table C).