Subpart EEEEE -- National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Iron and Steel Foundries
    Source: 69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, unless otherwise noted.
What this Subpart Covers
§63.7680   What is the purpose of this subpart?
    This subpart establishes national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for iron and steel foundries. This subpart also establishes requirements to demonstrate initial and continuous compliance with the emissions limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart.
§63.7681   Am I subject to this subpart?
    You are subject to this subpart if you own or operate an iron and steel foundry that is (or is part of) a major source of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions. Your iron and steel foundry is a major source of HAP for purposes of this subpart if it emits or has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 10 tons or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 25 tons or more per year or if it is located at a facility that emits or has the potential to emit any single HAP at a rate of 10 tons or more per year or any combination of HAP at a rate of 25 tons or more per year as defined in §63.2.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7218, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7682   What parts of my foundry does this subpart cover?
    (a) The affected source is each new or existing iron and steel foundry.
    (b) This subpart covers emissions from metal melting furnaces, scrap preheaters, pouring areas, pouring stations, automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines, automated shakeout lines, and mold and core making lines. This subpart also covers fugitive emissions from foundry operations.
    (c) An affected source is existing if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source before December 23, 2002.
    (d) An affected source is new if you commenced construction or reconstruction of the affected source on or after December 23, 2002. An affected source is reconstructed if it meets the definition of "reconstruction" in §63.2.
§63.7683   When do I have to comply with this subpart?
    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (b) of this section, if you have an existing affected source, you must comply with each emissions limitation, work practice standard, and operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart that applies to you no later than April 23, 2007. Major source status for existing affected sources must be determined no later than April 23, 2007.
    (b) If you have an existing affected source, you must comply with the work practice standards in §63.7700(b) or (c), as applicable, no later than April 22, 2005.
    (c) If you have a new affected source for which the initial startup date is on or before April 22, 2004, you must comply with each emissions limitation, work practice standard, and operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart that applies to you by April 22, 2004.
    (d) If you have a new affected source for which the initial startup date is after April 22, 2004, you must comply with each emissions limitation, work practice standard, and operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart that applies to you upon initial startup.
    (e) If your iron and steel foundry is an area source that becomes a major source of HAP, you must meet the requirements of §63.6(c)(5).
    (f) You must meet the notification and schedule requirements in §63.7750. Note that several of these notifications must be submitted before the compliance date for your affected source.
Emissions Limitations
§63.7690   What emissions limitations must I meet?
    (a) You must meet the emissions limits or standards in paragraphs (a)(1) through (11) of this section that apply to you. When alternative emissions limitations are provided for a given emissions source, you are not restricted in the selection of which applicable alternative emissions limitation is used to demonstrate compliance.
    (1) For each electric arc metal melting furnace, electric induction metal melting furnace, or scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed either the limit for particulate matter (PM) in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section or, alternatively the limit for total metal HAP in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section:
    (i) 0.005 grains of PM per dry standard cubic foot (gr/dscf), or
    (ii) 0.0004 gr/dscf of total metal HAP.
    (2) For each cupola metal melting furnace at an existing iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed either the limit for PM in paragraph (a)(2)(i) or (ii) of this section or, alternatively the limit for total metal HAP in paragraph (a)(2)(iii) or (iv) of this section:
    (i) 0.006 gr/dscf of PM; or
    (ii) 0.10 pound of PM per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged, or
    (iii) 0.0005 gr/dscf of total metal HAP; or
    (iv) 0.008 pound of total metal HAP per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged.
    (3) For each cupola metal melting furnace or electric arc metal melting furnace at a new iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed either the limit for PM in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section or, alternatively the limit for total metal HAP in paragraph (a)(3)(ii) of this section:
    (i) 0.002 gr/dscf of PM, or
    (ii) 0.0002 gr/dscf of total metal HAP.
    (4) For each electric induction metal melting furnace or scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed either the limit for PM in paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section or, alternatively the limit for total metal HAP in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section:
    (i) 0.001 gr/dscf of PM, or
    (ii) 0.00008 gr/dscf of total metal HAP.
    (5) For each pouring station at an existing iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed either the limit for PM in paragraph (a)(5)(i) of this section or, alternatively the limit for total metal HAP in paragraph (a)(5)(ii) of this section:
    (i) 0.010 gr/dscf of PM, or
    (ii) 0.0008 gr/dscf of total metal HAP.
    (6) For each pouring area or pouring station at a new iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed either the limit for PM in paragraph (a)(6)(i) of this section or, alternatively the limit for total metal HAP in paragraph (a)(6)(ii) of this section:
    (i) 0.002 gr/dscf of PM, or
    (ii) 0.0002 gr/dscf of total metal HAP.
    (7) For each building or structure housing any iron and steel foundry emissions source at the iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge any fugitive emissions to the atmosphere from foundry operations that exhibit opacity greater than 20 percent (6-minute average), except for one 6-minute average per hour that does not exceed 27 percent opacity.
    (8) For each cupola metal melting furnace at a new or existing iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions of volatile organic hazardous air pollutants (VOHAP) through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed 20 parts per million by volume (ppmv) corrected to 10 percent oxygen.
    (9) As an alternative to the work practice standard in §63.7700(e) for a scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry or in §63.7700(f) for a scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions of VOHAP through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed 20 ppmv.
    (10) For one or more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines that use a sand mold system or automated shakeout lines that use a sand mold system at a new iron and steel foundry, you must not discharge emissions of VOHAP through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed a flow-weighted average of 20 ppmv.
    (11) For each triethylamine (TEA) cold box mold or core making line at a new or existing iron and steel foundry, you must meet either the emissions limit in paragraph (a)(11)(i) of this section or, alternatively the emissions standard in paragraph (a)(11)(ii) of this section:
    (i) You must not discharge emissions of TEA through a conveyance to the atmosphere that exceed 1 ppmv, as determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(g); or
    (ii) You must reduce emissions of TEA from each TEA cold box mold or core making line by at least 99 percent, as determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(g).
    (b) You must meet each operating limit in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section that applies to you.
    (1) You must install, operate, and maintain a capture and collection system for all emissions sources subject to an emissions limit for VOHAP or TEA in paragraphs (a)(8) through (11) of this section.
    (i) Each capture and collection system must meet accepted engineering standards, such as those published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
    (ii) You must operate each capture system at or above the lowest value or settings established as operating limits in your operation and maintenance plan.
    (2) You must operate each wet scrubber applied to emissions from a metal melting furnace, scrap preheater, pouring area, or pouring station subject to an emissions limit for PM or total metal HAP in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section such that the 3-hour average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate does not fall below the minimum levels established during the initial or subsequent performance test.
    (3) You must operate each combustion device applied to emissions from a cupola metal melting furnace subject to the emissions limit for VOHAP in paragraph (a)(8) of this section, such that the 15-minute average combustion zone temperature does not fall below 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Periods when the cupola is off blast and for 15 minutes after going on blast from an off blast condition are not included in the 15-minute average.
    (4) You must operate each combustion device applied to emissions from a scrap preheater subject to the emissions limit for VOHAP in paragraph (a)(9) of this section or from a TEA cold box mold or core making line subject to the emissions limit for TEA in paragraph (a)(11) of this section, such that the 3-hour average combustion zone temperature does not fall below the minimum level established during the initial or subsequent performance test.
    (5) You must operate each wet acid scrubber applied to emissions from a TEA cold box mold or core making line subject to the emissions limit for TEA in paragraph (a)(11) of this section such that:
    (i) The 3-hour average scrubbing liquid flow rate does not fall below the minimum level established during the initial or subsequent performance test; and
    (ii) The 3-hour average pH of the scrubber blowdown, as measured by a continuous parameter monitoring system (CPMS), does not exceed 4.5 or the pH of the scrubber blowdown, as measured once every 8 hours during process operations, does not exceed 4.5.
    (c) If you use a control device other than a baghouse, wet scrubber, wet acid scrubber, or combustion device, you must prepare and submit a monitoring plan containing the information listed in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) of this section. The monitoring plan is subject to approval by the Administrator.
    (1) A description of the device;
    (2) Test results collected in accordance with §63.7732 verifying the performance of the device for reducing emissions of PM, total metal HAP, VOHAP, or TEA to the levels required by this subpart;
    (3) A copy of the operation and maintenance plan required by §63.7710(b);
    (4) A list of appropriate operating parameters that will be monitored to maintain continuous compliance with the applicable emissions limitation(s); and
    (5) Operating parameter limits based on monitoring data collected during the performance test.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7218, Feb. 7, 2008]
Work Practice Standards
§63.7700   What work practice standards must I meet?
    (a) For each segregated scrap storage area, bin or pile, you must either comply with the certification requirements in paragraph (b) of this section, or prepare and implement a plan for the selection and inspection of scrap according to the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section. You may have certain scrap subject to paragraph (b) of this section and other scrap subject to paragraph (c) of this section at your facility provided the scrap remains segregated until charge make-up.
    (b) You must prepare and operate at all times according to a written certification that the foundry purchases and uses only metal ingots, pig iron, slitter, or other materials that do not include post-consumer automotive body scrap, post-consumer engine blocks, post-consumer oil filters, oily turnings, lead components, mercury switches, plastics, or free organic liquids. For the purpose of this paragraph (b), "free organic liquids" is defined as material that fails the paint filter test by EPA Method 9095A, "Paint Filter Liquids Test" (Revision 1, December 1996), as published in EPA Publication SW-846 "Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods" (incorporated by reference -- see §63.14). Any post-consumer engine blocks, post-consumer oil filters, or oily turnings that are processed and/or cleaned to the extent practicable such that the materials do not include lead components, mercury switches, chlorinated plastics, or free organic liquids can be included in this certification.
    (c) You must prepare and operate at all times according to a written plan for the selection and inspection of iron and steel scrap to minimize, to the extent practicable, the amount of organics and HAP metals in the charge materials used by the iron and steel foundry. This scrap selection and inspection plan is subject to approval by the Administrator. You must keep a copy of the plan onsite and readily available to all plant personnel with materials acquisition or inspection duties. You must provide a copy of the material specifications to each of your scrap vendors. Each plan must include the information specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) A materials acquisition program to limit organic contaminants according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section, as applicable.
    (i) For scrap charged to a scrap preheater, electric arc metal melting furnace, or electric induction metal melting furnace, specifications for scrap materials to be depleted (to the extent practicable) of the presence of used oil filters, chlorinated plastic parts, organic liquids, and a program to ensure the scrap materials are drained of free liquids; or
    (ii) For scrap charged to a cupola metal melting furnace, specifications for scrap materials to be depleted (to the extent practicable) of the presence of chlorinated plastic, and a program to ensure the scrap materials are drained of free liquids.
    (2) A materials acquisition program specifying that the scrap supplier remove accessible mercury switches from the trunks and hoods of any automotive bodies contained in the scrap and remove accessible lead components such as batteries and wheel weights. You must either obtain and maintain onsite a copy of the procedures used by the scrap supplier for either removing accessible mercury switches or for purchasing automobile bodies that have had mercury switches removed, as applicable, or document your attempts to obtain a copy of these procedures from the scrap suppliers servicing your area.
    (3) Procedures for visual inspection of a representative portion, but not less than 10 percent, of all incoming scrap shipments to ensure the materials meet the specifications.
    (i) The inspection procedures must identify the location(s) where inspections are to be performed for each type of shipment. Inspections may be performed at the scrap supplier's facility. The selected location(s) must provide a reasonable vantage point, considering worker safety, for visual inspection.
    (ii) The inspection procedures must include recordkeeping requirements that document each visual inspection and the results.
    (iii) The inspection procedures must include provisions for rejecting or returning entire or partial scrap shipments that do not meet specifications and limiting purchases from vendors whose shipments fail to meet specifications for more than three inspections in one calendar year.
    (iv) If the inspections are performed at the scrap supplier's facility, the inspection procedures must include an explanation of how the periodic inspections ensure that not less than 10 percent of scrap purchased from each supplier is subject to inspection.
    (d) For each furan warm box mold or core making line in a new or existing iron and steel foundry, you must use a binder chemical formulation that does not contain methanol as a specific ingredient of the catalyst formulation as determined by the Material Safety Data Sheet. This requirement does not apply to the resin portion of the binder system.
    (e) For each scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry, you must meet either the requirement in paragraph (e)(1) or (2) of this section. As an alternative to the requirement in paragraph (e)(1) or (2) of this section, you must meet the VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(9).
    (1) You must operate and maintain a gas-fired preheater where the flame directly contacts the scrap charged; or
    (2) You must charge only material that is subject to and in compliance with the scrap certification requirement in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (f) For each scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry, you must charge only material that is subject to and in compliance with the scrap certification requirement in paragraph (b) of this section. As an alternative to this requirement, you must meet the VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(9).
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 29404, May 20, 2005; 73 FR 7218, Feb. 7, 2008]
Operation and Maintenance Requirements
§63.7710   What are my operation and maintenance requirements?
    (a) You must always operate and maintain your iron and steel foundry, including air pollution control and monitoring equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practices for minimizing emissions at least to the levels required by this subpart.
    (b) You must prepare and operate at all times according to a written operation and maintenance plan for each capture and collection system and control device for an emissions source subject to a PM, metal HAP, TEA, or VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a). Your operation and maintenance plan also must include procedures for igniting gases from mold vents in pouring areas and pouring stations that use a sand mold system. This operation and maintenance plan is subject to approval by the Administrator. Each plan must contain the elements described in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1) Monthly inspections of the equipment that is important to the performance of the total capture system (i.e., pressure sensors, dampers, and damper switches). This inspection must include observations of the physical appearance of the equipment (e.g., presence of holes in the ductwork or hoods, flow constrictions caused by dents or accumulated dust in the ductwork, and fan erosion). The operation and maintenance plan must also include requirements to repair the defect or deficiency as soon as practicable.
    (2) Operating limits for each capture system for an emissions source subject to an emissions limit or standard for VOHAP or TEA in §63.7690(a)(8) through (11). You must establish the operating according to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) Select operating limit parameters appropriate for the capture system design that are representative and reliable indicators of the performance of the capture system. At a minimum, you must use appropriate operating limit parameters that indicate the level of the ventilation draft and damper position settings for the capture system when operating to collect emissions, including revised settings for seasonal variations. Appropriate operating limit parameters for ventilation draft include, but are not limited to: volumetric flow rate through each separately ducted hood, total volumetric flow rate at the inlet to the control device to which the capture system is vented, fan motor amperage, or static pressure. Any parameter for damper position setting may be used that indicates the duct damper position related to the fully open setting.
    (ii) For each operating limit parameter selected in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section, designate the value or setting for the parameter at which the capture system operates during the process operation. If your operation allows for more than one process to be operating simultaneously, designate the value or setting for the parameter at which the capture system operates during each possible configuration that you may operate (i.e.,the operating limits with one furnace melting, two melting, as applicable to your plant).
    (iii) Include documentation in your plan to support your selection of the operating limits established for your capture system. This documentation must include a description of the capture system design, a description of the capture system operating during production, a description of each selected operating limit parameter, a rationale for why you chose the parameter, a description of the method used to monitor the parameter according to the requirements of §63.7740(a), and the data used to set the value or setting for the parameter for each of your process configurations.
    (3) Preventative maintenance plan for each control device, including a preventative maintenance schedule that is consistent with the manufacturer's instructions for routine and long-term maintenance.
    (4) A site-specific monitoring plan for each bag leak detection system. For each bag leak detection system that operates on the triboelectric effect, the monitoring plan must be consistent with the recommendations contained in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidance document "Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance" (EPA-454/R-98-015). This baghouse monitoring plan is subject to approval by the Administrator. The owner or operator shall operate and maintain the bag leak detection system according to the site-specific monitoring plan at all times. The plan must address all of the items identified in paragraphs (b)(4)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Installation of the bag leak detection system.
    (ii) Initial and periodic adjustment of the bag leak detection system including how the alarm set-point will be established.
    (iii) Operation of the bag leak detection system including quality assurance procedures.
    (iv) How the bag leak detection system will be maintained including a routine maintenance schedule and spare parts inventory list.
    (v) How the bag leak detection system output will be recorded and stored.
    (5) Corrective action plan for each baghouse. The plan must include the requirement that, in the event a bag leak detection system alarm is triggered, you must initiate corrective action to determine the cause of the alarm within 1 hour of the alarm, initiate corrective action to correct the cause of the problem within 24 hours of the alarm, and complete the corrective action as soon as practicable. Corrective actions taken may include, but are not limited to:
    (i) Inspecting the baghouse for air leaks, torn or broken bags or filter media, or any other condition that may cause an increase in emissions.
    (ii) Sealing off defective bags or filter media.
    (iii) Replacing defective bags or filter media or otherwise repairing the control device.
    (iv) Sealing off a defective baghouse compartment.
    (v) Cleaning the bag leak detection system probe or otherwise repairing the bag leak detection system.
    (vi) Making process changes.
    (vii) Shutting down the process producing the PM emissions.
    (6) Procedures for providing an ignition source to mold vents of sand mold systems in each pouring area and pouring station unless you determine the mold vent gases either are not ignitable, ignite automatically, or cannot be ignited due to accessibility or safety issues. You must document and maintain records of this determination. The determination of ignitability, accessibility, and safety may encompass multiple casting patterns provided the castings utilize similar sand-to-metal ratios, binder formulations, and coating materials. The determination of ignitability must be based on observations of the mold vents within 5 minutes of pouring, and the flame must be present for at least 15 seconds for the mold vent to be considered ignited. For the purpose of this determination:
    (i) Mold vents that ignite more than 75 percent of the time without the presence of an auxiliary ignition source are considered to ignite automatically; and
    (ii) Mold vents that do not ignite automatically and cannot be ignited in the presence of an auxiliary ignition source more than 25 percent of the time are considered to be not ignitable.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7218, Feb. 7, 2008]
General Compliance Requirements
§63.7720   What are my general requirements for complying with this subpart?
    (a) You must be in compliance with the emissions limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart at all times.
    (b) During the period between the compliance date specified for your iron and steel foundry in §63.7683 and the date when applicable operating limits have been established during the initial performance test, you must maintain a log detailing the operation and maintenance of the process and emissions control equipment.

    (c) Reserved.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 20468, Apr. 20, 2006]
Initial Compliance Requirements
§63.7730   By what date must I conduct performance tests or other initial compliance demonstrations?
    (a) As required by §63.7(a)(2), you must conduct a performance test no later than 180 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified in §63.7683 for your iron and steel foundry to demonstrate initial compliance with each emissions limitation in §63.7690 that applies to you.
    (b) For each work practice standard in §63.7700 and each operation and maintenance requirement in §63.7710 that applies to you where initial compliance is not demonstrated using a performance test, you must demonstrate initial compliance no later than 30 calendar days after the compliance date that is specified for your iron and steel foundry in §63.7683.
    (c) If you commenced construction or reconstruction between December 23, 2002 and April 22, 2004, you must demonstrate initial compliance with either the proposed emissions limit or the promulgated emissions limit no later than October 19, 2004 or no later than 180 calendar days after startup of the source, whichever is later, according to §63.7(a)(2)(ix).
    (d) If you commenced construction or reconstruction between December 23, 2002 and April 22, 2004, and you chose to comply with the proposed emissions limit when demonstrating initial compliance, you must conduct a second performance test to demonstrate compliance with the promulgated emissions limit by October 19, 2007 or after startup of the source, whichever is later, according to §63.7(a)(2)(ix).
§63.7731   When must I conduct subsequent performance tests?
    (a) You must conduct subsequent performance tests to demonstrate compliance with all applicable PM or total metal HAP, VOHAP, and TEA emissions limitations in §63.7690 for your iron and steel foundry no less frequently than every 5 years and each time you elect to change an operating limit or to comply with a different alternative emissions limit, if applicable. The requirement to conduct performance tests every 5 years does not apply to an emissions source for which a continuous emissions monitoring system (CEMS) is used to demonstrate continuous compliance.
    (b) You must conduct subsequent performance tests to demonstrate compliance with the opacity limit in §63.7690(a)(7) for your iron and steel foundry no less frequently than once every 6 months.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7219, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7732   What test methods and other procedures must I use to demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations?
    (a) You must conduct each performance test that applies to your iron and steel foundry based on your selected compliance alternative, if applicable, according to the requirements in paragraphs (b) through (i) of this section. Each performance test must be conducted under conditions representative of normal operations. Normal operating conditions exclude periods of startup and shutdown. You may not conduct performance tests during periods of malfunction. You must record the process information that is necessary to document operating conditions during the test and include in such record an explanation to support that such conditions represent normal operation. Upon request, you shall make available to the Administrator such records as may be necessary to determine the conditions of performance tests.
    (b) To determine compliance with the applicable emissions limit for PM in §63.7690(a)(1) through (6) for a metal melting furnace, scrap preheater, pouring station, or pouring area, follow the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (b)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1) Determine the concentration of PM according to the test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A that are specified in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Method 1 or 1A to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points in each stack or duct. Sampling sites must be located at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.
    (iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.
    (iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.
    (v) Method 5, 5B, 5D, 5F, or 5I, as applicable, to determine the PM concentration. The PM concentration is determined using only the front-half (probe rinse and filter) of the PM catch.
    (2) Collect a minimum sample volume of 60 dscf of gas during each PM sampling run. A minimum of three valid test runs are needed to comprise a performance test.
    (3) For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample only during times when the cupola is on blast.
    (4) For electric arc and electric induction metal melting furnaces, sample only during normal production conditions, which may include, but are not limited to the following cycles: Charging, melting, alloying, refining, slagging, and tapping.
    (5) For scrap preheaters, sample only during normal production conditions, which may include, but are not limited to the following cycles: Charging, heating, and discharging.
    (6) Determine the total mass of metal charged to the furnace or scrap preheater. For a cupola metal melting furnace at an existing iron and steel foundry that is subject to the PM emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(ii), calculate the PM emissions rate in pounds of PM per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged using Equation 1 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
EFPM = Mass emissions rate of PM, pounds of PM per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged;
CPM = Concentration of PM measured during performance test run, gr/dscf;
Q = Volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas, dry standard cubic feet per minute (dscfm);
Mcharge = Mass of metal charged during performance test run, tons;
ttest = Duration of performance test run, minutes; and
7,000 = Unit conversion factor, grains per pound (gr/lb).
    (c) To determine compliance with the applicable emissions limit for total metal HAP in §63.7690(a)(1) through (6) for a metal melting furnace, scrap preheater, pouring station, or pouring area, follow the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (c)(1) through (6) of this section.
    (1) Determine the concentration of total metal HAP according to the test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A that are specified in paragraphs (c)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Method 1 or 1A to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points in each stack or duct. Sampling sites must be located at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.
    (iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.
    (iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.
    (v) Method 29 to determine the total metal HAP concentration.
    (2) A minimum of three valid test runs are needed to comprise a performance test.
    (3) For cupola metal melting furnaces, sample only during times when the cupola is on blast.
    (4) For electric arc and electric induction metal melting furnaces, sample only during normal production conditions, which may include, but are not limited to the following cycles: Charging, melting, alloying, refining, slagging, and tapping.
    (5) For scrap preheaters, sample only during normal production conditions, which may include, but are not limited to the following cycles: Charging, heating, and discharging.
    (6) Determine the total mass of metal charged to the furnace or scrap preheater during each performance test run and calculate the total metal HAP emissions rate (pounds of total metal HAP per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged) using Equation 2 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
EFTMHAP = Emissions rate of total metal HAP, pounds of total metal HAP per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged;
CTMHAP = Concentration of total metal HAP measured during performance test run, gr/dscf;
Q = Volumetric flow rate of exhaust gas, dscfm;
Mcharge = Mass of metal charged during performance test run, tons;
ttest = Duration of performance test run, minutes; and
7,000 = Unit conversion factor, gr/lb.
    (d) To determine compliance with the opacity limit in §63.7690(a)(7) for fugitive emissions from buildings or structures housing any iron and steel foundry emissions source at the iron and steel foundry, follow the procedures in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Using a certified observer, conduct each opacity test according to the requirements in EPA Method 9 (40 CFR part 60, appendix A) and §63.6(h)(5). The certified observer may identify a limited number of openings or vents that appear to have the highest opacities and perform opacity observations on the identified openings or vents in lieu of performing observations for each opening or vent from the building or structure. Alternatively, a single opacity observation for the entire building or structure may be performed, if the fugitive release points afford such an observation.
    (2) During testing intervals when PM performance tests, if applicable, are being conducted, conduct the opacity test such the opacity observations are recorded during the PM performance tests.
    (e) To determine compliance with the applicable VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(8) for a cupola metal melting furnace or in §63.7690(a)(9) for a scrap preheater, follow the test methods and procedures in paragraphs (e)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) Determine the VOHAP concentration for each test run according to the test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A that are specified in paragraphs (e)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Method 1 or 1A to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points in each stack or duct. Sampling sites must be located at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.
    (iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.
    (iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.
    (v) Method 18 to determine the VOHAP concentration. Alternatively, you may use Method 25 to determine the concentration of total gaseous nonmethane organics (TGNMO) or Method 25A to determine the concentration of total organic compounds (TOC), using hexane as the calibration gas.
    (2) Determine the average VOHAP, TGNMO, or TOC concentration using a minimum of three valid test runs. Each test run must include a minimum of 60 continuous operating minutes.
    (3) For a cupola metal melting furnace, correct the measured concentration of VOHAP, TGNMO, or TOC for oxygen content in the gas stream using Equation 3 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
CVOHAP = Concentration of VOHAP in ppmv as measured by Method 18 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A or the concentration of TGNMO or TOC in ppmv as hexane as measured by Method 25 or 25A in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A; and
%O2 = Oxygen concentration in gas stream, percent by volume (dry basis).
    (4) For a cupola metal melting furnace, measure the combustion zone temperature of the combustion device with the CPMS required in §63.7740(d) during each sampling run in 15-minute intervals. Determine and record the 15-minute average of the three runs.
    (f) Follow the applicable procedures in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section to determine compliance with the VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(10) for automated pallet cooling lines or automated shakeout lines.
    (1) Follow these procedures to demonstrate compliance by direct measurement of total hydrocarbons (a surrogate for VOHAP) using a volatile organic compound (VOC) CEMS.
    (i) Using the VOC CEMS required in §63.7740(g), measure and record the concentration of total hydrocarbons (as hexane) for 180 continuous operating minutes. You must measure emissions at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Reduce the monitoring data to hourly averages as specified in §63.8(g)(2).
    (iii) Compute and record the 3-hour average of the monitoring data.
    (2) As an alternative to the procedures in paragraph (f)(1) of this section, you may demonstrate compliance with the VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(10) by establishing a site-specific TOC emissions limit that is correlated to the VOHAP emissions limit according to the procedures in paragraph (f)(2)(i) through (ix) of this section.
    (i) Determine the VOHAP concentration for each test run according to the test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A that are specified in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) through (vi) of this section.
    (ii) Method 1 or 1A to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points in each stack or duct. Sampling sites must be located at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (iii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.
    (iv) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.
    (v) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.
    (vi) Method 18 to determine the VOHAP concentration. Alternatively, you may use Method 25 to determine the concentration of TGNMO using hexane as the calibration gas.
    (vii) Using the CEMS required in §63.7740(g), measure and record the concentration of total hydrocarbons (as hexane) during each of the Method 18 (or Method 25) sampling runs. You must measure emissions at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (viii) Calculate the average VOHAP (or TGNMO) concentration for the source test as the arithmetic average of the concentrations measured for the individual test runs, and determine the average concentration of total hydrocarbon (as hexane) as measured by the CEMS during all test runs.
    (ix) Calculate the site-specific VOC emissions limit using Equation 4 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
CVOHAP,avg = Average concentration of VOHAP for the source test in ppmv as measured by Method 18 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A or the average concentration of TGNMO for the source test in ppmv as hexane as measured by Method 25 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A; and
CCEM = Average concentration of total hydrocarbons in ppmv as hexane as measured using the CEMS during the source test.
    (3) For two or more exhaust streams from one or more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines or automated shakeout lines, compute the flow-weighted average concentration of VOHAP emissions for each combination of exhaust streams using Equation 5 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
Cw = Flow-weighted concentration of VOHAP or VOC, ppmv (as hexane);
Ci = Concentration of VOHAP or VOC from exhaust stream "i", ppmv (as hexane);
n = Number of exhaust streams sampled; and
Qi = Volumetric flow rate of effluent gas from exhaust stream "i,", dscfm.
    (g) To determine compliance with the emissions limit or standard in §63.7690(a)(11) for a TEA cold box mold or core making line, follow the test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (1) Determine the TEA concentration for each test run according to the test methods in 40 CFR part 60, appendix A that are specified in paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (v) of this section.
    (i) Method 1 or 1A to select sampling port locations and the number of traverse points in each stack or duct. If you elect to meet the 99 percent reduction standard, sampling sites must be located both at the inlet to the control device and at the outlet of the control device prior to any releases to the atmosphere. If you elect to meet the concentration limit, the sampling site must be located at the outlet of the control device (or at the outlet of the emissions source if no control device is present) prior to any releases to the atmosphere.
    (ii) Method 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, or 2G to determine the volumetric flow rate of the stack gas.
    (iii) Method 3, 3A, or 3B to determine the dry molecular weight of the stack gas.
    (iv) Method 4 to determine the moisture content of the stack gas.
    (v) Method 18 to determine the TEA concentration. Alternatively, you may use NIOSH Method 2010 (incorporated by reference -- see §63.14) to determine the TEA concentration provided the performance requirements outlined in section 13.1 of EPA Method 18 are satisfied. The sampling option and time must be sufficiently long such that either the TEA concentration in the field sample is at least 5 times the limit of detection for the analytical method or the test results calculated using the laboratory's reported analytical detection limit for the specific field samples are less than [1]⁄5 of the applicable emissions limit. When using Method 18, the adsorbent tube approach, as described in section 8.2.4 of Method 18, may be required to achieve the necessary analytical detection limits. The sampling time must be at least 1 hour in all cases.
    (2) If you use a wet acid scrubber, conduct the test as soon as practicable after adding fresh acid solution and the system has reached normal operating conditions.
    (3) If you use a wet acid scrubber that is subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(5)(ii) for pH level, determine the pH of the scrubber blowdown using the procedures in paragraph (g)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section.
    (i) Measure the pH of the scrubber blowdown with the CPMS required in §63.7740(f)(2) during each TEA sampling run in intervals of no more than 15 minutes. Determine and record the 3-hour average; or
    (ii) Measure and record the pH level using the probe and meter required in §63.7740(f)(2) once each sampling run. Determine and record the average pH level for the three runs.
    (4) If you are subject to the 99 percent reduction standard, calculate the mass emissions reduction using Equation 6 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
Ei = Mass emissions rate of TEA at control device inlet, kilograms per hour (kg/hr); and
Eo = Mass emissions rate of TEA at control device outlet, kg/hr.
    (h) To determine compliance with the PM or total metal HAP emissions limits in §63.7690(a)(1) through (6) when one or more regulated emissions sources are combined with either another regulated emissions source subject to a different emissions limit or other non-regulated emissions sources, you may demonstrate compliance using one of the procedures in paragraphs (h)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Meet the most stringent applicable emissions limit for the regulated emissions sources included in the combined emissions stream for the combined emissions stream.
    (2) Use the procedures in paragraphs (h)(2)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) Determine the volumetric flow rate of the individual regulated streams for which emissions limits apply.
    (ii) Calculate the flow-weighted average emissions limit, considering only the regulated streams, using Equation 5 of this section, except Cw is the flow-weighted average emissions limit for PM or total metal HAP in the exhaust stream, gr/dscf; and Ci is the concentration of PM or total metal HAP in exhaust stream "i", gr/dscf.
    (iii) Meet the calculated flow-weighted average emissions limit for the regulated emissions sources included in the combined emissions stream for the combined emissions stream.
    (3) Use the procedures in paragraphs (h)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) Determine the PM or total metal HAP concentration of each of the regulated streams prior to the combination with other exhaust streams or control device.
    (ii) Measure the flow rate and PM or total metal HAP concentration of the combined exhaust stream both before and after the control device and calculate the mass removal efficiency of the control device using Equation 6 of this section, except Ei is the mass emissions rate of PM or total metal HAP at the control device inlet, lb/hr and Eo is the mass emissions rate of PM or total metal HAP at the control device outlet, lb/hr.
    (iii) Meet the applicable emissions limit based on the calculated PM or total metal HAP concentration for the regulated emissions sources using Equation 7 of this section:

    View or download PDF
Where:
Creleased = Calculated concentration of PM (or total metal HAP) predicted to be released to the atmosphere from the regulated emissions source, gr/dscf; and
Ci = Concentration of PM (or total metal HAP) in the uncontrolled regulated exhaust stream, gr/dscf.
    (i) To determine compliance with an emissions limit for situations when multiple sources are controlled by a single control device, but only one source operates at a time, or other situations that are not expressly considered in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section, a site-specific test plan should be submitted to the Administrator for approval according to the requirements in §63.7(c)(2) and (3).
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7219, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7733   What procedures must I use to establish operating limits?
    (a) For each capture system subject to operating limits in §63.7690(b)(1)(ii), you must establish site-specific operating limits in your operation and maintenance plan according to the procedures in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Concurrent with applicable emissions and opacity tests, measure and record values for each of the operating limit parameters in your capture system operation and maintenance plan according to the monitoring requirements in §63.7740(a).
    (2) For any dampers that are manually set and remain at the same position at all times the capture system is operating, the damper position must be visually checked and recorded at the beginning and end of each run.
    (3) Review and record the monitoring data. Identify and explain any times the capture system operated outside the applicable operating limits.
    (b) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(2) for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate, you must establish site-specific operating limits according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Using the CPMS required in §63.7740(c), measure and record the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate in intervals of no more than 15 minutes during each PM test run.
    (2) Compute and record the average pressure drop and average scrubber water flow rate for each valid sampling run in which the applicable emissions limit is met.
    (c) For each combustion device applied to emissions from a scrap preheater or TEA cold box mold or core making line subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(4) for combustion zone temperature, you must establish a site-specific operating limit according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Using the CPMS required in §63.7740(e), measure and record the combustion zone temperature during each sampling run in intervals of no more than 15 minutes.
    (2) Compute and record the average combustion zone temperature for each valid sampling run in which the applicable emissions limit is met.
    (d) For each acid wet scrubber subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(5), you must establish a site-specific operating limit for scrubbing liquid flow rate according to the procedures specified in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Using the CPMS required in §63.7740(f), measure and record the scrubbing liquid flow rate during each TEA sampling run in intervals of no more than 15 minutes.
    (2) Compute and record the average scrubbing liquid flow rate for each valid sampling run in which the applicable emissions limit is met.
    (e) You may change the operating limits for a capture system, wet scrubber, acid wet scrubber, or combustion device if you meet the requirements in paragraphs (e)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Submit a written notification to the Administrator of your request to conduct a new performance test to revise the operating limit.
    (2) Conduct a performance test to demonstrate compliance with the applicable emissions limitation in §63.7690.
    (3) Establish revised operating limits according to the applicable procedures in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section.
    (f) You may use a previous performance test (conducted since December 22, 2002) to establish an operating limit provided the test meets the requirements of this subpart.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7221, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7734   How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the emissions limitations that apply to me?
    (a) You have demonstrated initial compliance with the emissions limits in §63.7690(a) by meeting the applicable conditions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (11) of this section. When alternative emissions limitations are provided for a given emissions source, you are not restricted in the selection of which applicable alternative emissions limitation is used to demonstrate compliance.
    (1) For each electric arc metal melting furnace, electric induction metal melting furnace, or scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry,
    (i) The average PM concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.005 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) The average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.0004 gr/dscf.
    (2) For each cupola metal melting furnace at an existing iron and steel foundry,
    (i) The average PM concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.006 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) The average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.0005 gr/dscf; or
    (iii) The average PM mass emissions rate, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.10 pound of PM per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged; or
    (iv) The average total metal HAP mass emissions rate, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.008 pound of total metal HAP per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged.
    (3) For each cupola metal melting furnace or electric arc metal melting furnace at a new iron and steel foundry,
    (i) The average PM concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.002 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) The average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.0002 gr/dscf.
    (4) For each electric induction metal melting furnace or scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry,
    (i) The average PM concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.001 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) The average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.00008 gr/dscf.
    (5) For each pouring station at an existing iron and steel foundry,
    (i) The average PM concentration in the exhaust stream, measured according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.010 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) The average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.0008 gr/dscf.
    (6) For each pouring area or pouring station at a new iron and steel foundry,
    (i) The average PM concentration in the exhaust stream, measured according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(b), did not exceed 0.002 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) The average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(c), did not exceed 0.0002 gr/dscf.
    (7) For each building or structure housing any iron and steel foundry emissions source at the iron and steel foundry, the opacity of fugitive emissions from foundry operations discharged to the atmosphere, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(d), did not exceed 20 percent (6-minute average), except for one 6-minute average per hour that did not exceed 27 percent opacity.
    (8) For each cupola metal melting furnace at a new or existing iron and steel foundry, the average VOHAP concentration, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(e), did not exceed 20 ppmv corrected to 10 percent oxygen.
    (9) For each scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry that does not meet the work practice standards in §63.7700(e)(1) or (2) and for each scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry that does not meet the work practice standard in §63.7700(f), the average VOHAP concentration determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(e), did not exceed 20 ppmv.
    (10) For one or more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines that use a sand mold system or automated shakeout lines that use a sand mold system at a new foundry,
    (i) You have reduced the data from the CEMS to 3-hour averages according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(f)(1) or (2); and
    (ii) The 3-hour flow-weighted average VOHAP concentration, measured according to the performance test procedures in §63.7332(f)(1) or (2), did not exceed 20 ppmv.
    (11) For each TEA cold box mold or core making line in a new or existing iron and steel foundry, the average TEA concentration, determined according to the performance test procedures in §63.7732(g), did not exceed 1 ppmv or was reduced by 99 percent.
    (b) You have demonstrated initial compliance with the operating limits in §63.7690(b) if:
    (1) For each capture system subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(1)(ii),
    (i) You have established appropriate site-specific operating limits in your operation and maintenance plan according to the requirements in §63.7710(b); and
    (ii) You have a record of the operating parameter data measured during the performance test in accordance with §63.7733(a); and
    (2) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(2) for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate, you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate measured during the performance test in accordance with §63.7733(b).
    (3) For each combustion device subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(3) for combustion zone temperature, you have a record of the combustion zone temperature measured during the performance test in accordance with §63.7732(e)(4).
    (4) For each combustion device subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(4) for combustion zone temperature, you have established appropriate site-specific operating limits and have a record of the combustion zone temperature measured during the performance test in accordance with §63.7733(c).
    (5) For each acid wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(5) for scrubbing liquid flow rate and scrubber blowdown pH,
    (i) You have established appropriate site-specific operating limits for the scrubbing liquid flow rate and have a record of the scrubbing liquid flow rate measured during the performance test in accordance with §63.7733(d); and
    (ii) You have a record of the pH of the scrubbing liquid blowdown measured during the performance test in accordance with §63.7732(g)(3).
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7221, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7735   How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the work practice standards that apply to me?
    (a) For each iron and steel foundry subject to the certification requirement in §63.7700(b), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that: "At all times, your foundry will purchase and use only metal ingots, pig iron, slitter, or other materials that do not include post-consumer automotive body scrap, post-consumer engine blocks, post-consumer oil filters, oily turnings, lead components, mercury switches, plastics, or free organic liquids."
    (b) For each iron and steel foundry subject to the requirements in §63.7700(c) for a scrap inspection and selection plan, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that:
    (1) You have submitted a written plan to the Administrator for approval according to the requirements in §63.7700(c); and
    (2) You will operate at all times according to the plan requirements.
    (c) For each furan warm box mold or core making line in a new or existing foundry subject to the work practice standard in §63.7700(d), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that:
    (1) You will meet the no methanol requirement for the catalyst portion of each binder chemical formulation; and
    (2) You have records documenting your certification of compliance, such as a material safety data sheet (provided that it contains appropriate information), a certified product data sheet, or a manufacturer's hazardous air pollutant data sheet, onsite and available for inspection.
    (d) For each scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry subject to the work practice standard in §63.7700(e)(1) or (2), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that:
    (1) You have installed a gas-fired preheater where the flame directly contacts the scrap charged, you will operate and maintain each gas-fired scrap preheater such that the flame directly contacts the scrap charged, and you have records documenting your certification of compliance that are onsite and available for inspection; or
    (2) You will charge only material that is subject to and in compliance with the scrap certification requirements in §63.7700(b) and you have records documenting your certification of compliance that are onsite and available for inspection.
    (e) For each scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry subject to the work practice standard in §63.7700(f), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that you will charge only material that is subject to and in compliance with the scrap certification requirements in §63.7700(b) and you have records documenting your certification of compliance that are onsite and available for inspection.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 70 FR 29404, May 20, 2005]
§63.7736   How do I demonstrate initial compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that apply to me?
    (a) For each capture system subject to an operating limit in §63.7690(b), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have met the conditions in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) You have certified in your notification of compliance status that:
    (i) You have submitted the capture system operation and maintenance plan to the Administrator for approval according to the requirements of §63.7710(b); and
    (ii) You will inspect, operate, and maintain each capture system according to the procedures in the plan.
    (2) You have certified in your performance test report that the system operated during the test at the operating limits established in your operation and maintenance plan.
    (b) For each control device subject to an operating limit in §63.7690(b), you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that:
    (1) You have submitted the control device operation and maintenance plan to the Administrator for approval according to the requirements of §63.7710(b); and
    (2) You will inspect, operate, and maintain each control device according to the procedures in the plan.
    (c) For each bag leak detection system, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status that:
    (1) You have submitted the bag leak detection system monitoring information to the Administrator within the written O&M plan for approval according to the requirements of §63.7710(b);
    (2) You will inspect, operate, and maintain each bag leak detection system according to the procedures in the plan; and
    (3) You will follow the corrective action procedures for bag leak detection system alarms according to the requirements in the plan.
    (d) For each pouring area and pouring station in a new or existing foundry, you have demonstrated initial compliance if you have certified in your notification of compliance status report that:
    (1) You have submitted the mold vent ignition plan to the Administrator for approval according to the requirements in §63.7710(b); and
    (2) You will follow the procedures for igniting mold vent gases according to the requirements in the plan.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7221, Feb. 7, 2008]
Continuous Compliance Requirements
§63.7740   What are my monitoring requirements?
    (a) For each capture system subject to an operating limit in §63.7690(b)(1), you must install, operate, and maintain a CPMS according to the requirements in §63.7741(a) and the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) If you use a flow measurement device to monitor the operating limit parameter, you must at all times monitor the hourly average rate (e.g., the hourly average actual volumetric flow rate through each separately ducted hood or the average hourly total volumetric flow rate at the inlet to the control device).
    (2) Dampers that are manually set and remain in the same position are exempt from the requirement to install and operate a CPMS. If dampers are not manually set and remain in the same position, you must make a visual check at least once every 24 hours to verify that each damper for the capture system is in the same position as during the initial performance test.
    (b) For each negative pressure baghouse or positive pressure baghouse equipped with a stack that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions limitation in this subpart, you must at all times monitor the relative change in PM loadings using a bag leak detection system according to the requirements in §63.7741(b).
    (c) For each baghouse, regardless of type, that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions limitation in this subpart, you must conduct inspections at their specified frequencies according to the requirements specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (8) of this section.
    (1) Monitor the pressure drop across each baghouse cell each day to ensure pressure drop is within the normal operating range identified in the manual.
    (2) Confirm that dust is being removed from hoppers through weekly visual inspections or other means of ensuring the proper functioning of removal mechanisms.
    (3) Check the compressed air supply for pulse-jet baghouses each day.
    (4) Monitor cleaning cycles to ensure proper operation using an appropriate methodology.
    (5) Check bag cleaning mechanisms for proper functioning through monthly visual inspections or equivalent means.
    (6) Make monthly visual checks of bag tension on reverse air and shaker-type baghouses to ensure that bags are not kinked (kneed or bent) or lying on their sides. You do not have to make this check for shaker-type baghouses using self-tensioning (spring-loaded) devices.
    (7) Confirm the physical integrity of the baghouse through quarterly visual inspections of the baghouse interior for air leaks.
    (8) Inspect fans for wear, material buildup, and corrosion through quarterly visual inspections, vibration detectors, or equivalent means.
    (d) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(2), you must at all times monitor the 3-hour average pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate using CPMS according to the requirements in §63.7741(c).
    (e) For each combustion device subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(3), you must at all times monitor the 15-minute average combustion zone temperature using a CPMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(d).
    (f) For each combustion device subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(4), you must at all times monitor the 3-hour average combustion zone temperature using CPMS according to the requirements in §63.7741(d).
    (g) For each wet acid scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(5),
    (1) You must at all times monitor the 3-hour average scrubbing liquid flow rate using CPMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(e)(1); and
    (2) You must at all times monitor the 3-hour average pH of the scrubber blowdown using CPMS according to the requirements in §63.7741(e)(2) or measure and record the pH of the scrubber blowdown once per production cycle using a pH probe and meter according to the requirements in §63.7741(e)(3).
    (h) For one or more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines and automated shakeout lines at a new iron and steel foundry subject to the VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(10), you must at all times monitor the 3-hour average VOHAP concentration using a CEMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(g).
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7221, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7741   What are the installation, operation, and maintenance requirements for my monitors?
    (a) For each capture system subject to an operating limit in §63.7690(b)(1), you must install, operate, and maintain each CPMS according to the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) If you use a flow measurement device to monitor an operating limit parameter for a capture system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment such as straightening vanes in a position that provides a representative flow and that reduces swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances.
    (ii) Use a flow sensor with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate.
    (iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least semiannually.
    (iv) At least monthly, visually inspect all components, including all electrical and mechanical connections, for proper functioning.
    (2) If you use a pressure measurement device to monitor the operating limit parameter for a capture system, you must meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) through (vi) of this section.
    (i) Locate the pressure sensor(s) in or as close as possible to a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure and that minimizes or eliminates pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion.
    (ii) Use a gauge with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 0.5 inch of water or a transducer with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 1 percent of the pressure range.
    (iii) Check the pressure tap for pluggage daily. If a "non-clogging" pressure tap is used, check for pluggage monthly.
    (iv) Using a manometer or equivalent device such as a magnahelic or other pressure indicating transmitter, check gauge and transducer calibration quarterly.
    (v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, or install a new pressure sensor.
    (vi) At least monthly, visually inspect all components, including all electrical and mechanical connections, for proper functioning.
    (3) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.
    (b) For each negative pressure baghouse or positive pressure baghouse equipped with a stack that is applied to meet any PM or total metal HAP emissions limitation in this subpart, you must install, operate, and maintain a bag leak detection system according to the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (7) of this section.
    (1) The system must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting emissions of particulate matter at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter (0.0044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.
    (2) The bag leak detection system sensor must provide output of relative particulate matter loadings and the owner or operator shall continuously record the output from the bag leak detection system using electronic or other means (e.g., using a strip chart recorder or a data logger).
    (3) The system must be equipped with an alarm that will sound when an increase in relative particulate loadings is detected over the alarm set point established in the operation and maintenance plan, and the alarm must be located such that it can be heard by the appropriate plant personnel.
    (4) The initial adjustment of the system must, at minimum, consist of establishing the baseline output by adjusting the sensitivity (range) and the averaging period of the device, and establishing the alarm set points and the alarm delay time (if applicable).
    (5) Following the initial adjustment, do not adjust the sensitivity or range, averaging period, alarm set point, or alarm delay time without approval from the Administrator. Except, once per quarter, you may adjust the sensitivity of the bag leak detection system to account for seasonable effects including temperature and humidity according to the procedures in the operation and maintenance plan required by §63.7710(b).
    (6) For negative pressure, induced air baghouses, and positive pressure baghouses that are discharged to the atmosphere through a stack, the bag leak detector sensor must be installed downstream of the baghouse and upstream of any wet scrubber.
    (7) Where multiple detectors are required, the system's instrumentation and alarm may be shared among detectors.
    (c) For each wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(2), you must install and maintain CPMS to measure and record the pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate according to the requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) For each CPMS for pressure drop you must:
    (i) Locate the pressure sensor in or as close as possible to a position that provides a representative measurement of the pressure drop and that minimizes or eliminates pulsating pressure, vibration, and internal and external corrosion.
    (ii) Use a gauge with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 0.5 inch of water or a transducer with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 1 percent of the pressure range.
    (iii) Check the pressure tap for pluggage daily. If a "non-clogging" pressure tap is used, check for pluggage monthly.
    (iv) Using a manometer or equivalent device such as a magnahelic or other pressure indicating transmitter, check gauge and transducer calibration quarterly.
    (v) Conduct calibration checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating pressure range, or install a new pressure sensor.
    (vi) At least monthly, visually inspect all components, including all electrical and mechanical connections, for proper functioning.
    (2) For each CPMS for scrubber liquid flow rate, you must:
    (i) Locate the flow sensor and other necessary equipment in a position that provides a representative flow and that reduces swirling flow or abnormal velocity distributions due to upstream and downstream disturbances.
    (ii) Use a flow sensor with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 2 percent of the flow rate.
    (iii) Conduct a flow sensor calibration check at least semiannually according to the manufacturer's instructions.
    (iv) At least monthly, visually inspect all components, including all electrical and mechanical connections, for proper functioning.
    (d) For each combustion device subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(3) or (4), you must install and maintain a CPMS to measure and record the combustion zone temperature according to the requirements in paragraphs (d)(1) through (8) of this section.
    (1) Locate the temperature sensor in a position that provides a representative temperature.
    (2) For a noncryogenic temperature range, use a temperature sensor with a minimum tolerance of 2.2 °C or 0.75 percent of the temperature value, whichever is larger.
    (3) For a cryogenic temperature range, use a temperature sensor with a minimum tolerance of 2.2 °C or 2 percent of the temperature value, whichever is larger.
    (4) Shield the temperature sensor system from electromagnetic interference and chemical contaminants.
    (5) If you use a chart recorder, it must have a sensitivity in the minor division of at least 20 °F.
    (6) Perform an electronic calibration at least semiannually according to the procedures in the manufacturer's owners manual. Following the electronic calibration, conduct a temperature sensor validation check, in which a second or redundant temperature sensor placed nearby the process temperature sensor must yield a reading within 16.7 °C of the process temperature sensor's reading.
    (7) Conduct calibration and validation checks any time the sensor exceeds the manufacturer's specified maximum operating temperature range, or install a new temperature sensor.
    (8) At least monthly, visually inspect all components, including all electrical and mechanical connections, for proper functioning.
    (e) For each wet acid scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(5), you must:
    (1) Install and maintain CPMS to measure and record the scrubbing liquid flow rate according to the requirements in paragraph (c)(2) of this section; and
    (2) Install and maintain CPMS to measure and record the pH of the scrubber blowdown according to the requirements in paragraph (e)(2)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) Locate the pH sensor in a position that provides a representative measurement of the pH and that minimizes or eliminates internal and external corrosion.
    (ii) Use a gauge with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 0.1 pH or a transducer with a minimum measurement sensitivity of 5 percent of the pH range.
    (iii) Check gauge calibration quarterly and transducer calibration monthly using a manual pH gauge.
    (iv) At least monthly, visually inspect all components, including all electrical and mechanical connections, for proper functioning.
    (3) As an alternative to the CPMS required in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, you may use a pH probe to extract a sample for analysis by a pH meter that meets the requirements in paragraphs (e)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section.
    (i) The pH meter must have a range of at least 1 to 5 or more;
    (ii) The pH meter must have an accuracy of +-0.1; and
    (iii) The pH meter must have a resolution of at least 0.1 pH.
    (f) You must operate each CPMS used to meet the requirements of this subpart according to the requirements specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Each CPMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation for each successive 15-minute period. You must have a minimum of three of the required four data points to constitute a valid hour of data.
    (2) Each CPMS must have valid hourly data for 100 percent of every averaging period.
    (3) Each CPMS must determine and record the hourly average of all recorded readings and the 3-hour average of all recorded readings.
    (g) For each automated conveyor and pallet cooling line and automated shakeout line at a new iron and steel foundry subject to the VOHAP emissions limit in §63.7690(a)(10), you must install, operate, and maintain a CEMS to measure and record the concentration of VOHAP emissions according to the requirements in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) You must install, operate, and maintain each CEMS according to Performance Specification 8 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (2) You must conduct a performance evaluation of each CEMS according to the requirements of §63.8 and Performance Specification 8 in 40 CFR part 60, appendix B.
    (3) You must operate each CEMS according to the requirements specified in paragraph (g)(3)(i) through (iv) of this section.
    (i) As specified in §63.8(c)(4)(ii), each CEMS must complete a minimum of one cycle of operation (sampling, analyzing, and data recording) for each successive 15-minute period.
    (ii) You must reduce CEMS data as specified in §63.8(g)(2).
    (iii) Each CEMS must determine and record the 3-hour average emissions using all the hourly averages collected for periods during which the CEMS is not out-of-control.
    (iv) Record the results of each inspection, calibration, and validation check.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7221, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7742   How do I monitor and collect data to demonstrate continuous compliance?
    (a) Except for monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control activities (including as applicable, calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments), you must monitor continuously (or collect data at all required intervals) any time a source of emissions is operating.
    (b) You may not use data recorded during monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or control activities in data averages and calculations used to report emissions or operating levels or to fulfill a minimum data availability requirement, if applicable. You must use all the data collected during all other periods in assessing compliance.
    (c) A monitoring malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably preventable failure of the monitoring system to provide valid data. Monitoring failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance or careless operation are not malfunctions.
§63.7743   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the emissions limitations that apply to me?
    (a) You must demonstrate continuous compliance by meeting the applicable conditions in paragraphs (a)(1) through (12) of this section. When alternative emissions limitations are provided for a given emissions source, you must comply with the alternative emissions limitation most recently selected as your compliance alternative.
    (1) For each electric arc metal melting furnace, electric induction metal melting furnace, or scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry,
    (i) Maintaining the average PM concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.005 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) Maintaining the average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.0004 gr/dscf.
    (2) For each cupola metal melting furnace at an existing iron and steel foundry,
    (i) Maintaining the average PM concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.006 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) Maintaining the average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.0005 gr/dscf; or
    (iii) Maintaining the average PM mass emissions rate at or below 0.10 pound of PM per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged; or
    (iv) Maintaining the average total metal HAP mass emissions rate at or below 0.008 pound of total metal HAP per ton (lb/ton) of metal charged.
    (3) For each cupola metal melting furnace or electric arc metal melting furnace at new iron and steel foundry, (i) Maintaining the average PM concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.002 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) Maintaining the average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.0002 gr/dscf.
    (4) For each electric induction metal melting furnace or scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry,
    (i) Maintaining the average PM concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.001 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) Maintaining the average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.00008 gr/dscf.
    (5) For each pouring station at an existing iron and steel foundry,
    (i) Maintaining the average PM concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.010 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) Maintaining the average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.0008 gr/dscf.
    (6) For each pouring area or pouring station at a new iron and steel foundry,
    (i) Maintaining the average PM concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.002 gr/dscf; or
    (ii) Maintaining the average total metal HAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 0.0002 gr/dscf.
    (7) For each building or structure housing any iron and steel foundry emissions source at the iron and steel foundry, maintaining the opacity of any fugitive emissions from foundry operations discharged to the atmosphere at or below 20 percent opacity (6-minute average), except for one 6-minute average per hour that does not exceed 27 percent opacity.
    (8) For each cupola metal melting furnace at a new or existing iron and steel foundry, maintaining the average VOHAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 20 ppmv corrected to 10 percent oxygen.
    (9) For each scrap preheater at an existing new iron and steel foundry that does not comply with the work practice standard in §63.7700(e)(1) or (2) and for each scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry that does not comply with the work practice standard in §63.7700(f), maintaining the average VOHAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 20 ppmv.
    (10) For one or more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines or automated shakeout lines that use a sand mold system at a new iron and steel foundry,
    (i) Maintaining the 3-hour flow-weighted average VOHAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 20 ppmv;
    (ii) Inspecting and maintaining each CEMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(g) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (iii) Collecting and reducing monitoring data for according to the requirements of §63.7741(g) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements.
    (11) For each TEA cold box mold or core making line at a new or existing iron and steel foundry, maintaining a 99 percent reduction in the VOHAP concentration in the exhaust stream or maintaining the average VOHAP concentration in the exhaust stream at or below 1 ppmv.
    (12) Conducting subsequent performance tests at least every 5 years for each emissions source subject to an emissions limit for PM, total metal HAP, VOHAP, or TEA in §63.7690(a) and subsequent performance tests at least every 6 months for each building or structure subject to the opacity limit in §63.7690(a)(7).
    (b) You must demonstrate continuous compliance for each capture system subject to an operating limit in §63.7690(b)(1) by meeting the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Operating the capture system at or above the lowest values or settings established for the operating limits in your operation and maintenance plan; and
    (2) Monitoring the capture system according to the requirements in §63.7740(a) and collecting, reducing, and recording the monitoring data for each of the operating limit parameters according to the applicable requirements in this subpart.
    (c) For each baghouse,
    (1) Inspecting and maintaining each baghouse according to the requirements of §63.7740(c)(1) through (8) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (2) If the baghouse is equipped with a bag leak detection system, maintaining records of the times the bag leak detection system sounded, and for each valid alarm, the time you initiated corrective action, the corrective action taken, and the date on which corrective action was completed.
    (d) For each wet scrubber that is subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(2), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by:
    (1) Maintaining the 3-hour average pressure drop and 3-hour average scrubber water flow rate at levels no lower than those established during the initial or subsequent performance test;
    (2) Inspecting and maintaining each CPMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(c) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (3) Collecting and reducing monitoring data for pressure drop and scrubber water flow rate according to the requirements of §63.7741(f) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements.
    (e) For each combustion device that is subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(3), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by:
    (1) Maintaining the 15-minute average combustion zone temperature at a level no lower than 1,300 °F;
    (2) Inspecting and maintaining each CPMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(d) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (3) Collecting and reducing monitoring data for combustion zone temperature according to the requirements of §63.7741(f) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements.
    (f) For each combustion device that is subject to the operating limit in §63.7690(b)(4), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by:
    (1) Maintaining the 3-hour average combustion zone temperature at a level no lower that established during the initial or subsequent performance test;
    (2) Inspecting and maintaining each CPMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(d) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (3) Collecting and reducing monitoring data for combustion zone temperature according to the requirements of §63.7741(f) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements.
    (g) For each acid wet scrubber subject to the operating limits in §63.7690(b)(5), you must demonstrate continuous compliance by:
    (1) Maintaining the 3-hour average scrubbing liquid flow rate at a level no lower than the level established during the initial or subsequent performance test;
    (2) Maintaining the 3-hour average pH of the scrubber blowdown at a level no higher than 4.5 (if measured by a CPMS) or maintaining the pH level of the scrubber blowdown during each production shift no higher than 4.5;
    (3) Inspecting and maintaining each CPMS according to the requirements of §63.7741(e) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (4) Collecting and reducing monitoring data for scrubbing liquid flow rate and scrubber blowdown pH according to the requirements of §63.7741(f) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements. If the pH level of the scrubber blowdown is measured by a probe and meter, you must demonstrate continuous compliance by maintaining records that document the date, time, and results of each sample taken for each production shift.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7222, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7744   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the work practice standards that apply to me?
    (a) You must maintain records that document continuous compliance with the certification requirements in §63.7700(b) or with the procedures in your scrap selection and inspection plan required in §63.7700(c). Your records documenting compliance with the scrap selection and inspection plan must include a copy (kept onsite) of the procedures used by the scrap supplier for either removing accessible mercury switches or for purchasing automobile bodies that have had mercury switches removed, as applicable.
    (b) You must keep records of the chemical composition of all catalyst binder formulations applied in each furan warm box mold or core making line at a new or existing iron and steel foundry to demonstrate continuous compliance with the requirements in §63.7700(d).
    (c) For a scrap preheater at an existing iron and steel foundry, you must operate and maintain each gas-fired preheater such that the flame directly contacts the scrap charged to demonstrate continuous compliance with the requirement §63.7700(e)(1). If you choose to meet the work practice standard in §63.7700(e)(2), you must keep records to document that the scrap preheater charges only material that is subject to and in compliance with the scrap certification requirements in §63.7700(b).
    (d) For a scrap preheater at a new iron and steel foundry, you must keep records to document that each scrap preheater charges only material that is subject to and in compliance with the scrap certification requirements in §63.7700(b) to demonstrate continuous compliance with the requirement in §63.7700(f).
§63.7745   How do I demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements that apply to me?
    (a) For each capture system and control device for an emissions source subject to an emissions limit in §63.7690(a), you must demonstrate continuous compliance with the operation and maintenance requirements of §63.7710 by:
    (1) Making monthly inspections of capture systems and initiating corrective action according to §63.7710(b)(1) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements;
    (2) Performing preventative maintenance for each control device according to the preventive maintenance plan required by §63.7710(b)(3) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements;
    (3) Operating and maintaining each bag leak detection system according to the site-specific monitoring plan required by §63.7710(b)(4) and recording all information needed to demonstrate conformance with these requirements;
    (4) Initiating and completing corrective action for a bag leak detection system alarm according to the corrective action plan required by §63.7710(b)(5) and recording all information needed to document conformance with these requirements; and
    (5) Igniting gases from mold vents according to the procedures in the plan required by §63.7710(b)(6). (Any instance where you fail to follow the procedures is a deviation that must be included in your semiannual compliance report.)
    (b) You must maintain a current copy of the operation and maintenance plans required by §63.7710(b) onsite and available for inspection upon request. You must keep the plans for the life of the iron and steel foundry or until the iron and steel foundry is no longer subject to the requirements of this subpart.
§63.7746   What other requirements must I meet to demonstrate continuous compliance?
    (a) Deviations. You must report each instance in which you did not meet each emissions limitation in §63.7690 (including each operating limit) that applies to you. This requirement includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction. You also must report each instance in which you did not meet each work practice standard in §63.7700 and each operation and maintenance requirement of §63.7710 that applies to you. These instances are deviations from the emissions limitations, work practice standards, and operation and maintenance requirements in this subpart. These deviations must be reported according to the requirements of §63.7751.

    (b) Reserved.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 71 FR 20468, Apr. 20, 2006]
§63.7747   How do I apply for alternative monitoring requirements for a continuous emissions monitoring system?
    (a) You may request an alternative monitoring method to demonstrate compliance with the VOHAP emissions limits in §63.7690(a)(10) for automated pallet cooling lines or automated shakeout lines at a new iron and steel foundry according to the procedures in this section.
    (b) You can request approval to use an alternative monitoring method in the notification of construction or reconstruction for new sources, or at any time.
    (c) You must submit a monitoring plan that includes a description of the control technique or pollution prevention technique, a description of the continuous monitoring system or method including appropriate operating parameters that will be monitored, test results demonstrating compliance with the emissions limit, operating limit(s) (if applicable) determined according to the test results, and the frequency of measuring and recording to establish continuous compliance. If applicable, you must also include operation and maintenance requirements for the monitors.
    (d) The monitoring plan is subject to approval by the Administrator. Use of the alternative monitoring method must not begin until approval is granted by the Administrator.
Notifications, Reports, and Records
§63.7750   What notifications must I submit and when?
    (a) You must submit all of the notifications required by §§63.6(h)(4) and (5), 63.7(b) and (c); 63.8(e); 63.8(f)(4) and (6); 63.9(b) through (h) that apply to you by the specified dates.
    (b) As specified in §63.9(b)(2), if you start up your iron and steel foundry before April 22, 2004, you must submit your initial notification no later than August 20, 2004.
    (c) If you start up your new iron and steel foundry on or after April 22, 2004, you must submit your initial notification no later than 120 calendar days after you become subject to this subpart.
    (d) If you are required to conduct a performance test, you must submit a notification of intent to conduct a performance test at least 60 calendar days before the performance test is scheduled to begin as required by §63.7(b)(1).
    (e) If you are required to conduct a performance test or other initial compliance demonstration, you must submit a notification of compliance status according to the requirements of §63.9(h)(2)(ii). For opacity performance tests, the notification of compliance status may be submitted with the semiannual compliance report in §63.7751(a) and (b) or the semiannual part 70 monitoring report in §63.7551(d).
    (1) For each initial compliance demonstration that does not include a performance test, you must submit the notification of compliance status before the close of business on the 30th calendar day following completion of the initial compliance demonstration.
    (2) For each initial compliance demonstration that does include a performance test, you must submit the notification of compliance status, including the performance test results, before the close of business on the 60th calendar day following the completion of the performance test according to the requirement specified in §63.10(d)(2).
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7222, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7751   What reports must I submit and when?
    (a) Compliance report due dates. Unless the Administrator has approved a different schedule, you must submit a semiannual compliance report to your permitting authority according to the requirements specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) The first compliance report must cover the period beginning on the compliance date that is specified for your iron and steel foundry by §63.7683 and ending on June 30 or December 31, whichever date comes first after the compliance date that is specified for your iron and steel foundry.
    (2) The first compliance report must be postmarked or delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date comes first after your first compliance report is due.
    (3) Each subsequent compliance report must cover the semiannual reporting period from January 1 through June 30 or the semiannual reporting period from July 1 through December 31.
    (4) Each subsequent compliance report must be postmarked or delivered no later than July 31 or January 31, whichever date comes first after the end of the semiannual reporting period.
    (5) For each iron and steel foundry that is subject to permitting regulations pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, and if the permitting authority has established dates for submitting semiannual reports pursuant to 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), you may submit the first and subsequent compliance reports according to the dates the permitting authority has established instead of the dates specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section.
    (b) Compliance report contents. Each compliance report must include the information specified in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) of this section and, as applicable, paragraphs (b)(4) through (8) of this section.
    (1) Company name and address.
    (2) Statement by a responsible official, with that official's name, title, and signature, certifying the truth, accuracy, and completeness of the content of the report.
    (3) Date of report and beginning and ending dates of the reporting period.

    (4) Reserved.
    (5) If there were no deviations from any emissions limitations (including operating limit), work practice standards, or operation and maintenance requirements, a statement that there were no deviations from the emissions limitations, work practice standards, or operation and maintenance requirements during the reporting period.
    (6) If there were no periods during which a continuous monitoring system (including a CPMS or CEMS) was inoperable or out-of-control as specified by §63.8(c)(7), a statement that there were no periods during which the CPMS was inoperable or out-of-control during the reporting period.
    (7) For each affected source or equipment for which there was a deviation from an emissions limitation (including an operating limit, work practice standard, or operation and maintenance requirement) that occurs at an iron and steel foundry during the reporting period, the compliance report must contain the information specified in paragraphs (b)(7)(i) through (iii) of this section. This requirement includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (i) A list of the affected source or equipment and the total operating time of each emissions source during the reporting period.

    (ii) For each deviation from an emissions limitation (including an operating limit, work practice standard, or operation and maintenance requirement) that occurs at an iron and steel foundry

    during the reporting period, report:
    (A) The date, start time, duration (in hours), and cause of each deviation (characterized as either startup, shutdown, control equipment problem, process problem, other known cause, or unknown cause, as applicable) and the corrective action taken; and
    (B) An estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.
    (iii) A summary of the total duration (in hours) of the deviations that occurred during the reporting period
    by cause (characterized as startup, shutdown, control equipment problems, process problems, other known causes, and unknown causes) and the cumulative duration of deviations during the reporting period across all causes both in hours and as a percent of the total source operating time during the reporting period.
    (8) For each continuous monitoring system (including a CPMS or CEMS) used to comply with the emissions limitation or work practice standard in this subpart that was inoperable or out-of-control during any portion of the reporting period, you must include the information specified in paragraphs (b)(8)(i) through (vi) of this section. This requirement includes periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction.
    (i) A brief description of the continuous monitoring system, including manufacturer and model number.

    (ii) The date of the latest continuous monitoring system certification or audit.
    (iii) A brief description and the total operating time of the affected source or equipment that is monitored by the continuous monitoring system during the reporting period.
    (iv) A description of any changes in continuous monitoring systems, processes, or controls since the last reporting period.

     (v) For each period for which the continuous monitoring system was inoperable or out-of-control during the reporting period, report:
    (A) The date, start time, and duration (in hours) of the deviation;
    (B) The type of deviation (inoperable or out-of-control); and
    (C) The cause of deviation (characterized as monitoring system malfunctions, non-monitoring equipment malfunctions, quality assurance/quality control calibrations, other known causes, and unknown causes, as applicable) and the corrective action taken.
    (vi) A summary of the total duration (in hours) of the deviations that occurred during the reporting period by cause (characterized as monitoring system malfunctions, non-monitoring equipment malfunctions, quality assurance/quality control calibrations, other known causes, and unknown causes) and the cumulative duration of deviations during the reporting period across all causes both in hours and as a percent of the total source operating time during the reporting period.
    (c) Reserved.
    (d) Part 70 monitoring report. If you have obtained a title V operating permit for an iron and steel foundry pursuant to 40 CFR part 70 or 40 CFR part 71, you must report all deviations as defined in this subpart in the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A). If you submit a compliance report for an iron and steel foundry along with, or as part of, the semiannual monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A) or 40 CFR 71.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), and the compliance report includes all the required information concerning deviations from any emissions limitation or operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart, submission of the compliance report satisfies any obligation to report the same deviations in the semiannual monitoring report. However, submission of a compliance report does not otherwise affect any obligation you may have to report deviations from permit requirements for an iron and steel foundry to your permitting authority.
    (e) Compliance report submission requirements. Prior to [insert date 6 months after date of publication of the final rule in the Federal Register], you must submit semiannual compliance reports to the Administrator as specified in §63.13. Beginning on [insert date 6 months after date of publication of the final rule in the Federal Register], you must submit all subsequent semiannual compliance reports to the EPA via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), which can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). You must use the appropriate electronic report template on the CEDRI website (https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/compliance-and-emissions-data-reporting-interface-cedri) for this subpart. The date report templates become available will be listed on the CEDRI website. The report must be submitted by the deadline specified in this subpart, regardless of the method in which the report is submitted. If you claim some of the information required to be submitted via CEDRI is confidential business information (CBI), submit a complete report, including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The report must be generated using the appropriate form on the CEDRI website or an alternate electronic file consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on the CEDRI website. Submit the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph.
    (f) Performance test results submission requirements. Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance test required by this subpart, you must submit the results of the performance test following the procedures specified in paragraphs (f)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website (https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/electronic-reporting-tool-ert) at the time of the test. Submit the results of the performance test to the EPA via the CEDRI, which can be accessed through the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit an electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.
    (2) Data collected using test methods that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the test. The results of the performance test must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI.
    (3) Confidential business information (CBI). If you claim some of the information submitted under paragraph (e)(1) of this section is CBI, you must submit a complete file, including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC  27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraph (f)(1) of this section.
    (g) Performance evaluation results submission requirements. Within 60 days after the date of completing each continuous monitoring system (CMS) performance evaluation (as defined in §63.2), you must submit the results of the performance evaluation following the procedures specified in paragraphs (g)(1) through (3) of this section.
    (1) Performance evaluations of CMS measuring relative accuracy test audit (RATA) pollutants that are supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the evaluation. Submit the results of the performance evaluation to the EPA via CEDRI, which can be accessed through the EPA's CDX. The data must be submitted in a file format generated through the use of the EPA's ERT. Alternatively, you may submit an electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website.
    (2) Performance evaluations of CMS measuring RATA pollutants that are not supported by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the evaluation. The results of the performance evaluation must be included as an attachment in the ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the ERT generated package or alternative file to the EPA via CEDRI.
    (3) Confidential business information (CBI). If you claim some of the information submitted under paragraph (f)(1) of this section is CBI, you must submit a complete file, including information claimed to be CBI, to the EPA. The file must be generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT website. Submit the file on a compact disc, flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage medium and clearly mark the medium as CBI. Mail the electronic medium to U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC  27703. The same file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX as described in paragraph (g)(1) of this section.
    (h) Claims of EPA system outage. If you are required to electronically submit a report through CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of EPA system outage for failure to timely comply with the reporting requirement. To assert a claim of EPA system outage, you must meet the requirements outlined in paragraphs (h)(1) through (7) of this section.
    (1) You must have been or will be precluded from accessing CEDRI and submitting a required report within the time prescribed due to an outage of either the EPA's CEDRI or CDX systems.
    (2) The outage must have occurred within the period of time beginning five business days prior to the date that the submission is due.
    (3) The outage may be planned or unplanned.
    (4) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a delay in reporting.
    (5) You must provide to the Administrator a written description identifying:
    (i) The date(s) and time(s) when CDX or CEDRI was accessed and the system was unavailable;
    (ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the regulatory deadline to EPA system outage;
    (iii) Measures taken or to be taken to minimize the delay in reporting; and
    (iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, the date you reported.
    (6) The decision to accept the claim of EPA system outage and allow an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of the Administrator.
    (7) In any circumstance, the report must be submitted electronically as soon as possible after the outage is resolved.
    (i) Claims of force majeure. If you are required to electronically submit a report through CEDRI in the EPA's CDX, you may assert a claim of force majeure for failure to timely comply with the reporting requirement. To assert a claim of force majeure, you must meet the requirements outlined in paragraphs (i)(1) through (5) of this section.
     (1) You may submit a claim if a force majeure event is about to occur, occurs, or has occurred or there are lingering effects from such an event within the period of time beginning five business days prior to the date the submission is due. For the purposes of this section, a force majeure event is defined as an event that will be or has been caused by circumstances beyond the control of the affected facility, its contractors, or any entity controlled by the affected facility that prevents you from complying with the requirement to submit a report electronically within the time period prescribed. Examples of such events are acts of nature (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, or floods), acts of war or terrorism, or equipment failure or safety hazard beyond the control of the affected facility (e.g., large scale power outage).
    (2) You must submit notification to the Administrator in writing as soon as possible following the date you first knew, or through due diligence should have known, that the event may cause or has caused a delay in reporting.
    (3) You must provide to the Administrator:
    (i) A written description of the force majeure event;
    (ii) A rationale for attributing the delay in reporting beyond the regulatory deadline to the force majeure event;
    (iii) Measures taken or to be taken to minimize the delay in reporting; and
    (iv) The date by which you propose to report, or if you have already met the reporting requirement at the time of the notification, the date you reported.
    (4) The decision to accept the claim of force majeure and allow an extension to the reporting deadline is solely within the discretion of the Administrator.
    (5) In any circumstance, the reporting must occur as soon as possible after the force majeure event occurs.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7222, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7752   What records must I keep?
    (a) You must keep the records specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (4) of this section:
    (1) A copy of each notification and report that you submitted to comply with this subpart, including all documentation supporting any initial notification or notification of compliance status that you submitted, according to the requirements of §63.10(b)(2)(xiv).

    (2) Records of required maintenance performed on the air pollution control and monitoring equipment as required by §63.10(b)(2)(iii).
    (3) Records of performance tests and performance evaluations as required by §63.10(b)(2)(viii).
    (4) Records of the annual quantity of each chemical binder or coating material used to coat or make molds and cores, the Material Data Safety Sheet or other documentation that provides the chemical composition of each component, and the annual quantity of HAP used in these chemical binder or coating materials at the foundry as calculated from the recorded quantities and chemical compositions (from Material Data Safety Sheets or other documentation).
    (b) You must keep the following records for each CEMS.
    (1) Records described in §63.10(b)(2)(vi) through (xi).

    (2) Records of the site-specific performance evaluation test plan required under §63.8(d)(2) for the life of the affected source or until the affected source is no longer subject to the provisions of this part, to be made available for inspection, upon request, by the Administrator. If the performance evaluation plan is revised, you shall keep previous (i.e., superseded) versions of the performance evaluation plan on record to be made available for inspection, upon request, by the Administrator, for a period of 5 years after each revision to the plan. The program of corrective action should be included in the plan as required under §63.8(d)(2)(vi).
    (3) Request for alternatives to relative accuracy tests for CEMS as required in §63.8(f)(6)(i).
    (4) Records of the date and time that each deviation started and stopped.
    (c) You must keep the records required by §§63.7743, 63.7744, and 63.7745 to show continuous compliance with each emissions limitation, work practice standard, and operation and maintenance requirement that applies to you.
    (d) You must keep the following records for each failure to meet an emissions limitation (including operating limit), work practice standard, or operation and maintenance requirement in this subpart.
    (1) Date, start time and duration of each failure;
    (2) List of the affected sources or equipment for each failure, an estimate of the quantity of each regulated pollutant emitted over any emission limit and a description of the method used to estimate the emissions.
    (3) Actions taken to minimize emissions in accordance with §63.7710(a), and any corrective actions taken to return the affected unit to its normal or usual manner of operation.
    (e) Any records required to be maintained by this part that are submitted electronically via the EPA's CEDRI may be maintained in electronic format. This ability to maintain electronic copies does not affect the requirement for facilities to make records, data, and reports available upon request to a delegated air agency or the EPA as part of an on-site compliance evaluation.
[69 FR 21923, Apr. 22, 2004, as amended at 73 FR 7222, Feb. 7, 2008]
§63.7753   In what form and for how long must I keep my records?
    (a) You must keep your records in a form suitable and readily available for expeditious review, according to the requirements of §63.10(b)(1).
    (b) As specified in §63.10(b)(1), you must keep each record for 5 years following the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record.
    (c) You must keep each record onsite for at least 2 years after the date of each occurrence, measurement, maintenance, corrective action, report, or record according to the requirements in §63.10(b)(1). You can keep the records for the previous 3 years offsite.
Other Requirements and Information
§63.7760   What parts of the General Provisions apply to me?
    Table 1 to this subpart shows which parts of the General Provisions in §§63.1 through 63.15 apply to you.
§63.7761   Who implements and enforces this subpart?
    (a) This subpart can be implemented and enforced by us, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or a delegated authority such as your State, local, or tribal agency. If the U.S. EPA Administrator has delegated authority to your State, local, or tribal agency, then that agency, in addition to the U.S. EPA, has the authority to implement and enforce this subpart. You should contact your U.S. EPA Regional Office to find out if implementation and enforcement of this subpart is delegated to your State, local, or tribal agency.
    (b) In delegating implementation and enforcement authority of this subpart to a State, local, or tribal agency under 40 CFR part 63, subpart E, the authorities contained in paragraph (c) of this section are retained by the Administrator of the U.S. EPA and are not transferred to the State, local, or tribal agency.
    (c) The authorities that cannot be delegated to State, local, or tribal agencies are specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5) of this section.
    (1) Approval of alternatives to non-opacity emissions limitations in §63.7690 and work practice standards in §63.7700 under §63.6(g).
    (2) Approval of major alternatives to test methods under §63.7(e)(2)(ii) and (f) and as defined in §63.90.
    (3) Approval of major alternatives to monitoring under §63.8(f) and as defined in §63.90.
    (4) Approval of major alternatives to recordkeeping and reporting under §63.10(f) and as defined in §63.90.
    (5) Approval of an alternative to any electronic reporting to the EPA required by this subpart.
Definitions
§63.7765   What definitions apply to this subpart?
    Terms used in this subpart are defined in the Clean Air Act (CAA), in §63.2, and in this section.
    Automated conveyor and pallet cooling line means any dedicated conveyor line or area used for cooling molds received from pouring stations.
    Automated shakeout line means any mechanical process unit designed for and dedicated to separating a casting from a mold. These mechanical processes include, but are not limited to, shaker decks, rotary separators, and high-frequency vibration units. Automated shakeout lines do not include manual processes for separating a casting from a mold, such as personnel using a hammer, chisel, pick ax, sledge hammer, or jackhammer.
    Bag leak detection system means a system that is capable of continuously monitoring relative particulate matter (dust) loadings in the exhaust of a baghouse to detect bag leaks and other upset conditions. A bag leak detection system includes, but is not limited to, an instrument that operates on triboelectric, electrodynamic, light scattering, light transmittance, or other effect to continuously monitor relative particulate matter loadings.
    Binder chemical means a component of a system of chemicals used to bind sand together into molds, mold sections, and cores through chemical reaction as opposed to pressure.
    Capture system means the collection of components used to capture gases and fumes released from one or more emissions points and then convey the captured gas stream to a control device or to the atmosphere. A capture system may include, but is not limited to, the following components as applicable to a given capture system design: duct intake devices, hoods, enclosures, ductwork, dampers, manifolds, plenums, and fans.
    Cold box mold or core making line means a mold or core making line in which the formed aggregate is hardened by catalysis with a gas.
    Combustion device means an afterburner, thermal incinerator, or scrap preheater.
    Conveyance means the system of equipment that is designed to capture pollutants at the source, convey them through ductwork, and exhaust them using forced ventilation. A conveyance may, but does not necessarily include, control equipment designed to reduce emissions of the pollutants. Emissions that are released through windows, vents, or other general building ventilation or exhaust systems are not considered to be discharged through a conveyance.
    Cooling means the process of molten metal solidification within the mold and subsequent temperature reduction prior to shakeout.
    Cupola means a vertical cylindrical shaft furnace that uses coke and forms of iron and steel such as scrap and foundry returns as the primary charge components and melts the iron and steel through combustion of the coke by a forced upward flow of heated air.
    Deviation means any instance in which an affected source or an owner or operator of such an affected source:
    (1) Fails to meet any requirement or obligation established by this subpart including, but not limited to, any emissions limitation (including operating limits), work practice standard, or operation and maintenance requirement; or
    (2) Fails to meet any term or condition that is adopted to implement an applicable requirement in this subpart and that is included in the operating permit for any iron and steel foundry required to obtain such a permit.

    A deviation is not always a violation. The determination of whether a deviation constitutes a violation of the standard is up to the discretion of the entity responsible for enforcement of the standards.
    Electric arc furnace means a vessel in which forms of iron and steel such as scrap and foundry returns are melted through resistance heating by an electric current flowing through the arcs formed between the electrodes and the surface of the metal and also flowing through the metal between the arc paths.
    Electric induction furnace means a vessel in which forms of iron and steel such as scrap and foundry returns are melted though resistance heating by an electric current that is induced in the metal by passing an alternating current through a coil surrounding the metal charge or surrounding a pool of molten metal at the bottom of the vessel.
    Emissions limitation means any emissions limit or operating limit.
    Exhaust stream means gases emitted from a process through a conveyance as defined in this subpart.
    Free organic liquids means material that fails the paint filter test by EPA Method 9095A (incorporated by reference -- see §63.14). That is, if any portion of the material passes through and drops from the filter within the 5-minute test period, the material contains free liquids.
    Fresh acid solution means a sulfuric acid solution used for the control of triethylamine emissions that has a pH of 2.0 or less.
    Fugitive emissions means any pollutant released to the atmosphere that is not discharged through a conveyance as defined in this subpart.
    Furan warm box mold or core making line means a mold or core making line in which the binder chemical system used is that system commonly designated as a furan warm box system by the foundry industry.
    Hazardous air pollutant means any substance on the list originally established in 112(b)(1) of the CAA and subsequently amended as published in the Code of Federal Regulations.
    Iron and steel foundry means a facility or portion of a facility that melts scrap, ingot, and/or other forms of iron and/or steel and pours the resulting molten metal into molds to produce final or near final shape products for introduction into commerce. Research and development facilities and operations that only produce non-commercial castings are not included in this definition.
    Metal melting furnace means a cupola, electric arc furnace, or electric induction furnace that converts scrap, foundry returns, and/or other solid forms of iron and/or steel to a liquid state. This definition does not include a holding furnace, an argon oxygen decarburization vessel, or ladle that receives molten metal from a metal melting furnace, to which metal ingots or other material may be added to adjust the metal chemistry.
    Mold or core making line means the collection of equipment that is used to mix an aggregate of sand and binder chemicals, form the aggregate into final shape, and harden the formed aggregate. This definition does not include a line for making green sand molds or cores.