NOTE.   Data include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty, 1995   96'' survey. ( This table was prepared January 1997.) 272 HIGHER EDUCATION: FACULTY Table 240.   Full time instructional faculty with tenure for institutions reporting tenure status, by academic rank, sex, and type and control of institution: 1980   81, 1990   91, 1995   96, and 1996   97 Academic year, type, and control of institution Percent with tenure, by rank Percent with tenure, by sex All ranks Professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor Lecturer No academic rank Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1980   81 All institutions ................................................... 64.8 95.8 82.9 27.9 9.2 11.9 77.4 70.0 49.7 4 year .......................................................... 62.7 95.8 82.2 24.1 6.6 10.7 24.7 68.3 44.0 University ................................................. 64.5 96.7 83.7 15.3 5.4 4.3 3.5 70.0 41.0 Other 4 year ............................................ 61.3 94.9 81.2 29.7 7.1 17.8 32.4 67.0 45.5 2 year .......................................................... 74.5 95.6 89.2 58.9 19.8 34.8 81.1 78.8 66.6 Public institutions ............................................. 68.0 96.6 85.9 32.5 11.8 14.3 79.4 72.8 54.0 4 year .......................................................... 65.7 96.6 85.3 27.6 8.7 12.8 12.2 71.1 47.5 University ................................................. 66.0 96.9 86.5 16.8 6.1 4.9 4.5 71.3 42.8 Other 4 year ............................................ 65.5 96.3 84.4 35.5 10.0 21.4 17.2 70.9 50.2 2 year .......................................................... 75.2 95.9 89.5 59.5 20.3 35.8 81.8 79.3 67.5 Private institutions ............................................ 55.9 93.8 75.2 17.5 3.0 1.5 43.4 62.2 37.2 4 year .......................................................... 56.0 93.8 75.2 17.4 2.8 1.5 37.5 62.2 37.2 University ................................................. 60.4 96.3 75.8 11.5 3.5 1.8 0.6 66.3 36.5 Other 4 year ............................................ 53.6 92.0 74.9 20.2 2.6 1.2 43.4 59.8 37.4 2 year .......................................................... 49.5 84.7 77.3 35.2 8.8   52.2 57.3 39.5 1990   91 All institutions ................................................... 61.2 95.6 80.8 18.6 6.8 6.9 36.3 67.8 45.3 4 year .......................................................... 61.7 95.7 80.4 15.8 4.1 6.0 19.1 68.6 43.9 University ................................................. 65.2 97.2 85.4 9.0 3.5 2.1 1.4 71.6 43.6 Other 4 year ............................................ 59.4 94.6 77.1 19.7 4.3 9.2 30.2 66.3 44.0 2 year .......................................................... 57.1 93.7 85.3 50.7 16.3 26.6 39.8 60.9 51.9 Public institutions ............................................. 62.9 96.3 83.7 21.7 8.6 8.4 36.6 69.4 47.4 4 year .......................................................... 64.0 96.5 83.5 18.0 5.3 7.3 11.3 70.8 45.9 University ................................................. 66.3 97.3 88.3 9.7 4.2 2.4 0.4 72.8 44.5 Other 4 year ............................................ 62.3 95.9 79.9 23.4 5.7 10.6 23.5 69.1 46.7 2 year .......................................................... 57.3 93.7 85.6 51.4 16.7 26.7 39.7 61.0 52.2 Private institutions ............................................ 56.7 93.9 73.8 11.8 1.5 1.0 33.3 63.7 39.8 4 year .......................................................... 56.8 93.9 73.8 11.6 1.4 1.0 31.2 63.7 39.8 University ................................................. 62.2 96.9 77.4 7.3 1.4 1.4 6.5 68.5 41.3 Other 4 year ............................................ 53.9 91.9 72.0 13.5 1.5 0.5 36.3 60.9 39.2 2 year .......................................................... 45.7 90.2 70.9 29.0 4.3   49.7 53.1 39.3 1995   96 All institutions ................................................... 64.8 96.1 83.3 16.7 7.1 1.3 75.1 71.8 51.0 4 year .......................................................... 63.1 96.3 83.1 13.7 3.9 1.3 21.1 70.8 46.2 University ................................................. 66.9 97.4 87.9 6.7 2.5 1.0 5.5 74.3 46.3 Other 4 year ............................................ 60.6 95.4 80.0 17.4 4.3 1.6 29.2 68.3 46.1 2 year .......................................................... 73.7 93.4 85.0 50.0 18.1   79.8 78.0 68.3 Public institutions ............................................. 67.7 97.3 87.1 19.8 9.1 1.4 76.6 74.6 54.3 4 year .......................................................... 65.9 97.7 87.3 15.5 5.2 1.5 12.5 73.8 48.2 University ................................................. 69.1 98.2 91.4 7.3 3.0 1.1 5.9 76.7 47.9 Other 4 year ............................................ 63.5 97.3 84.1 20.6 6.1 1.7 16.2 71.3 48.3 2 year .......................................................... 73.8 93.4 85.4 50.7 18.0   79.7 78.1 68.5 Private institutions ............................................ 57.8 93.4 75.2 10.7 1.4 0.9 51.1 65.2 42.9 4 year .......................................................... 57.7 93.4 75.2 10.6 1.1 0.9 32.2 65.1 42.6 University ................................................. 61.5 95.5 78.8 5.5 1.1 0.9 5.1 68.5 42.7 Other 4 year ............................................ 55.7 92.0 73.6 12.8 1.1 1.0 45.9 63.1 42.6 2 year .......................................................... 66.9 95.0 59.2 25.1     80.5 73.0 59.1 1996   97 All institutions ................................................... 64.9 96.0 83.2 16.3 7.2 1.5 74.7 71.8 51.6 4 year .......................................................... 63.2 96.2 83.2 13.2 3.8 1.5 22.4 70.9 46.9 University ................................................. 67.2 97.3 87.9 6.4 3.1 1.3 3.5 74.6 47.4 Other 4 year ............................................ 60.5 95.4 80.2 16.7 4.1 1.7 30.1 68.1 46.7 2 year .......................................................... 73.7 93.3 83.5 50.7 18.9   79.6 77.7 68.9 Public institutions ............................................. 67.6 97.2 87.0 19.1 9.2 1.4 76.4 74.4 54.8 4 year .......................................................... 65.8 97.7 87.3 14.7 4.9 1.5 14.3 73.6 48.8 University ................................................. 69.4 98.1 91.5 6.8 3.4 1.2 1.3 76.9 49.1 Other 4 year ............................................ 63.2 97.2 84.1 19.4 5.5 1.7 19.9 70.9 48.7 2 year .......................................................... 73.9 93.4 83.9 51.3 19.1   79.7 77.9 69.2 Private institutions ............................................ 58.2 93.4 75.3 10.8 1.6 1.6 47.5 65.6 43.5 4 year .......................................................... 58.1 93.4 75.4 10.7 1.6 1.6 32.6 65.6 43.5 University ................................................. 62.1 95.2 78.5 5.7 2.1 1.5 6.5 69.2 43.4 Other 4 year ............................................ 56.1 92.2 73.9 12.8 1.4 1.7 42.3 63.4 43.5 2 year .......................................................... 62.3 85.4 54.3 28.9 5.0   75.9 70.2 50.1   Data not available or not applicable.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits;'' and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Salaries Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full Time Instructional Faculty'' surveys. ( This table was prepared July 1998.) 273 HIGHER EDUCATION: INSTITUTIONS Table 241.   Institutions of higher education, by control and type of institution: 1949   50 to 1995   96 Year All institutions Public Private Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Excluding branch campuses 1949   50 ................................................................ 1,851 1,327 524 641 344 297 1,210 983 227 1950   51 ................................................................ 1,852 1,312 540 636 341 295 1,216 971 245 1951   52 ................................................................ 1,832 1,326 506 641 350 291 1,191 976 215 1952   53 ................................................................ 1,882 1,355 527 639 349 290 1,243 1,006 237 1953   54 ................................................................ 1,863 1,345 518 662 369 293 1,201 976 225 1954   55 ................................................................ 1,849 1,333 516 648 353 295 1,201 980 221 1955   56 ................................................................ 1,850 1,347 503 650 360 290 1,200 987 213 1956   57 ................................................................ 1,878 1,355 523 656 359 297 1,222 996 226 1957   58 ................................................................ 1,930 1,390 540 666 366 300 1,264 1,024 240 1958   59 ................................................................ 1,947 1,394 553 673 366 307 1,274 1,028 246 1959   60 ................................................................ 2,004 1,422 582 695 367 328 1,309 1,055 254 1960   61 ................................................................ 2,021 1,431 590 700 368 332 1,321 1,063 258 1961   62 ................................................................ 2,033 1,443 590 718 374 344 1,315 1,069 246 1962   63 ................................................................ 2,093 1,468 625 740 376 364 1,353 1,092 261 1963   64 ................................................................ 2,132 1,499 633 760 386 374 1,372 1,113 259 1964   65 ................................................................ 2,175 1,521 654 799 393 406 1,376 1,128 248 1965   66 ................................................................ 2,230 1,551 679 821 401 420 1,409 1,150 259 1966   67 ................................................................ 2,329 1,577 752 880 403 477 1,449 1,174 275 1967   68 ................................................................ 2,374 1,588 786 934 414 520 1,440 1,174 266 1968   69 ................................................................ 2,483 1,619 864 1,011 417 594 1,472 1,202 270 1969   70 ................................................................ 2,525 1,639 886 1,060 426 634 1,465 1,213 252 1970   71 ................................................................ 2,556 1,665 891 1,089 435 654 1,467 1,230 237 1971   72 ................................................................ 2,606 1,675 931 1,137 440 697 1,469 1,235 234 1972   73 ................................................................ 2,665 1,701 964 1,182 449 733 1,483 1,252 231 1973   74 ................................................................ 2,720 1,717 1,003 1,200 440 760 1,520 1,277 243 1974   75 ................................................................ 2,747 1,744 1,003 1,214 447 767 1,533 1,297 236 1975   76 ................................................................ 2,765 1,767 998 1,219 447 772 1,546 1,320 226 1976   77 ................................................................ 2,785 1,783 1,002 1,231 452 779 1,554 1,331 223 1977   78 ................................................................ 2,826 1,808 1,018 1,241 454 787 1,585 1,354 231 1978   79 ................................................................ 2,954 1,843 1,111 1,308 463 845 1,646 1,380 266 1979   80 ................................................................ 2,975 1,863 1,112 1,310 464 846 1,665 1,399 266 1980   81 ................................................................ 3,056 1,861 1,195 1,334 465 869 1,722 1,396 1 326 1981   82 ................................................................ 3,083 1,883 1,200 1,340 471 869 1,743 1,412 1 331 1982   83 ............................................................... 3,111 1,887 1,224 1,336 472 864 1,775 1,415 1 360 1983   84 ................................................................ 3,117 1,914 1,203 1,325 474 851 1,792 1,440 352 1984   85 ................................................................ 3,146 1,911 1,235 1,329 461 868 1,817 1,450 367 1985   86 ................................................................ 3,155 1,915 1,240 1,326 461 865 1,829 1,454 375 Including branch campuses 1974   75 ................................................................ 3,004 1,866 1,138 1,433 537 896 1,571 1,329 242 1975   76 ................................................................ 3,026 1,898 1,128 1,442 545 897 1,584 1,353 231 1976   77 ................................................................ 3,046 1,913 1,133 1,455 550 905 1,591 1,363 228 1977   78 ................................................................ 3,095 1,938 1,157 1,473 552 921 1,622 1,386 236 1978   79 ................................................................ 3,134 1,941 1,193 1,474 550 924 1,660 1,391 269 1979   80 ................................................................ 3,152 1,957 1,195 1,475 549 926 1,677 1,408 269 1980   81 ................................................................ 3,231 1,957 1,274 1,497 552 945 1,734 1,405 1 329 1981   82 ................................................................ 3,253 1,979 1,274 1,498 558 940 1,755 1,421 1 334 1982   83 ................................................................ 3,280 1,984 1,296 1,493 560 933 1,787 1,424 1 363 1983   84 ................................................................ 3,284 2,013 1,271 1,481 565 916 1,803 1,448 355 1984   85 ................................................................ 3,331 2,025 1,306 1,501 566 935 1,830 1,459 371 1985   86 ................................................................ 3,340 2,029 1,311 1,498 566 932 1,842 1,463 379 1986   87 2 .............................................................. 3,406 2,070 1,336 1,533 573 960 1,873 1,497 376 1987   88 2 .............................................................. 3,587 2,135 1,452 1,591 599 992 1,996 1,536 460 1988   89 2 .............................................................. 3,565 2,129 1,436 1,582 598 984 1,983 1,531 452 1989   90 2 .............................................................. 3,535 2,127 1,408 1,563 595 968 1,972 1,532 440 1990   91 2 .............................................................. 3,559 2,141 1,418 1,567 595 972 1,992 1,546 446 1991   92 2 .............................................................. 3,601 2,157 1,444 1,598 599 999 2,003 1,558 445 1992   93 2 .............................................................. 3,638 2,169 1,469 1,624 600 1,024 2,014 1,569 445 1993   94 2 .............................................................. 3,632 2,190 1,442 1,625 604 1,021 2,007 1,586 421 1994   95 2 .............................................................. 3,688 2,215 1,473 1,641 605 1,036 2,047 1,610 437 1995   96 2 .............................................................. 3,706 2,244 1,462 1,655 608 1,047 2,051 1,636 415 1 Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 2 Because of revised survey procedures, data are not entirely comparable with figures for earlier years. The number of branch campuses reporting separately has increased since 1986   87.

NOTE.   Includes those colleges designated as institutions of higher education by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, even if they have a less than 2 year program. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Education Directory, Colleges and Universities; Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Fall Enrollment in Higher Education'' and `` Institutional Characteristics of Colleges and Universities'' surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Institutional Characteristics'' surveys. ( This table was prepared September 1996.) 274 HIGHER EDUCATION: INSTITUTIONS Table 242.   Degree granting institutions of higher education and branches, by type, control of institution, and state: 1996   97 State or other area Total Public, 4 year institutions Public 2 year Private 4 year institutions Private 2 year Total Research 1 Doctoral 2 Master 3 Baccalaureate 4 Other 4 year 5 Total Research 1 Doctoral 2 Master 3 Baccalaureate 4 Other 4 year 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 United States .................. 4,009 614 85 66 278 113 72 1,088 1,653 40 49 291 659 614 654 Alabama ............................... 82 18 2 2 13 1 0 34 18 0 0 4 10 4 12 Alaska .................................. 7 3 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 Arizona ................................. 67 5 2 1 1 0 1 20 20 0 0 2 8 10 22 Arkansas .............................. 47 10 1 0 6 2 1 24 10 0 0 1 8 1 3 California .............................. 383 32 9 1 19 0 3 108 175 3 9 33 33 97 68 Colorado .............................. 69 14 2 3 2 5 2 15 21 0 1 3 8 9 19 Connecticut .......................... 42 6 1 0 4 0 1 12 19 1 0 7 6 5 5 Delaware .............................. 9 2 1 0 1 0 0 3 4 0 0 2 1 1 0 District of Columbia ............. 17 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 15 3 2 3 1 6 0 Florida .................................. 134 10 3 3 3 0 1 28 59 1 2 11 24 21 37 Georgia ................................ 102 19 2 1 12 1 3 34 40 1 2 2 21 14 9 Hawaii .................................. 20 3 1 0 0 2 0 7 7 0 0 2 1 4 3 Idaho .................................... 14 4 1 1 1 1 0 3 4 0 0 0 3 1 3 Illinois ................................... 173 12 3 2 7 0 0 49 94 2 3 15 30 44 18 Indiana ................................. 96 14 2 3 7 2 0 14 40 1 0 6 22 11 28 Iowa ..................................... 64 3 2 0 1 0 0 17 37 0 0 5 27 5 7 Kansas ................................. 58 10 2 1 4 1 2 23 21 0 0 5 13 3 4 Kentucky .............................. 65 8 1 1 6 0 0 14 28 0 0 4 16 8 15 Louisiana .............................. 77 14 1 3 9 0 1 43 11 1 0 3 3 4 9 Maine ................................... 34 8 0 1 1 5 1 7 13 0 1 1 7 4 6 Maryland .............................. 56 13 1 1 9 1 1 20 20 1 0 4 6 9 3 Massachusetts ..................... 124 15 1 1 8 2 3 18 80 6 3 12 26 33 11 Michigan ............................... 110 15 3 2 10 0 0 29 59 0 2 6 21 30 7 Minnesota ............................ 116 12 1 0 6 4 1 46 37 0 1 4 15 17 21 Mississippi ............................ 44 9 2 1 3 2 1 22 11 0 0 2 5 4 2 Missouri ................................ 109 14 1 3 6 2 2 18 58 2 0 9 19 28 19 Montana ............................... 29 6 0 2 3 1 0 13 5 0 0 0 4 1 5 Nebraska .............................. 37 7 1 0 4 1 1 9 16 0 0 2 9 5 5 Nevada ................................. 13 2 0 1 1 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 1 2 4 New Hampshire ................... 29 5 0 1 2 2 0 7 13 0 2 2 5 4 4 New Jersey .......................... 58 14 1 2 7 3 1 19 20 1 2 5 6 6 5 New Mexico ......................... 44 6 2 0 3 0 1 20 13 0 0 1 6 6 5 New York ............................. 310 42 3 3 19 8 9 47 164 8 9 29 46 72 57 North Carolina ...................... 121 16 2 1 9 3 1 58 42 1 1 7 28 5 5 North Dakota ........................ 23 6 0 2 1 3 0 9 4 0 0 1 1 2 4 Ohio ..................................... 178 24 4 6 1 11 2 39 67 1 1 11 32 22 48 Oklahoma ............................. 45 14 2 0 6 4 2 15 13 0 1 4 4 4 3 Oregon ................................. 51 8 2 1 2 1 2 17 25 0 0 4 10 11 1 Pennsylvania ........................ 249 45 3 2 16 21 3 20 100 3 3 19 44 31 84 Rhode Island ........................ 12 2 1 0 1 0 0 1 9 1 0 1 3 4 0 South Carolina ..................... 60 12 2 0 6 3 1 21 22 0 0 2 17 3 5 South Dakota ....................... 27 8 0 1 2 2 3 6 10 0 0 0 8 2 3 Tennessee ........................... 83 11 1 3 5 0 2 14 43 1 0 5 25 12 15 Texas ................................... 187 40 4 6 22 2 6 67 55 1 3 14 20 17 25 Utah ..................................... 21 5 2 0 1 2 0 4 4 1 0 2 1 0 8 Vermont ............................... 25 5 1 0 2 2 0 1 15 0 0 3 10 2 4 Virginia ................................. 92 15 3 3 6 3 0 24 41 0 0 13 20 8 12 Washington .......................... 72 8 2 0 5 1 0 32 26 0 0 11 3 12 6 West Virginia ........................ 37 13 1 0 1 9 2 5 10 0 0 3 6 1 9 Wisconsin ............................. 66 13 2 0 11 0 0 19 30 0 1 5 15 9 4 Wyoming .............................. 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 U. S. Service Schools ........... 12 11 0 0 0 0 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Outlying areas ................. 79 14 0 1 4 5 4 12 37 0 0 6 19 12 16 American Samoa ................. 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Guam ................................... 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Marshall Islands ................... 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Micronesia ............................ 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Northern Marianas ............... 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Palau .................................... 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Puerto Rico .......................... 66 11 0 1 1 5 4 2 37 0 0 6 19 12 16 Virgin Islands ....................... 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Research institutions are commited to graduate education through the doctorate, give high priority to research and receive more than $ 15.5 million in federal research funds annually. 2 Doctoral institutions offer a full range of baccalaureate programs and are committed to eduation through the doctorate. They award at least 40 doctoral degrees annually in 5 or more disciplines. 3 Master's institutions offer a full range of baccalaureate programs and are committed to education through the master's degree. They award at least 20 master's degrees per year. 4 Baccalaureate institutions primarily emphasize undergraduate education. 5 Other specialized 4 year institutions award degrees primarily in single fields of study, such as medicine, business, fine arts, theology and engineering. Also, includes some institutions which have 4 year programs, but have not reported sufficient data to identify program category.

NOTE.   New institutions which do not have sufficient data to report by detailed level are included under `` other 4 year'' or 2 year depending on level reported by institution. Data are not comparable with preceding table.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Institutional Characteristics, 1996   97'' survey. ( This table was prepared December 1998.) 275 HIGHER EDUCATION: INSTITUTIONS Table 243.   Institutions of higher education that have closed their doors, by control and type of institution: 1960   61 to 1996   97 Year All institutions Public Private Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year Total 4 year 2 year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Excluding branch campuses: Total, 1960   61 to 1991   92 ......... 343 179 164 38 1 37 305 178 127 1960   61 ............................................. 8 1 7 1   1 7 1 6 1961   62 ............................................. 2 1 1       2 1 1 1962   63 .............................................                   1963   64 ............................................. 7 1 6 1   1 6 1 5 1964   65 ............................................. 8 1 7 4   4 4 1 3 1965   66 ............................................. 8 2 6 4   4 4 2 2 1966   67 ............................................. 9 2 7 3   3 6 2 4 1967   68 ............................................. 14 6 8       14 6 8 1968   69 ............................................. 21 11 10 1   1 20 11 9 1969   70 ............................................. 18 8 10 3   3 15 8 7 1970   71 ............................................. 32 9 23 9   9 23 9 14 1971   72 ............................................. 12 3 9 3   3 9 3 6 1972   73 ............................................. 19 12 7 2   2 17 12 5 1973   74 ............................................. 18 11 7       18 11 7 1974   75 ............................................. 17 13 4 3   3 14 13 1 1975   76 ............................................. 8 6 2 2 1 1 6 5 1 1976   77 ............................................. 8 5 3       8 5 3 1977   78 ............................................. 12 9 3       12 9 3 1978   79 ............................................. 9 4 5       9 4 5 1979   80 ............................................. 6 5 1       6 5 1 1980   81 ............................................. 4 3 1       4 3 1 1981   82 ............................................. 7 6 1       7 6 1 1982   83 ............................................. 7 4 3       7 4 3 1983   84 ............................................. 4 4         4 4   1984   85 ............................................. 4 4         4 4   1985   86 ............................................. 10 6 4 1   1 9 6 3 1986   87 and 1987   88 ...................... 25 19 6 1   1 24 19 5 1988   89 ............................................. 14 6 8       14 6 8 1989   90 ............................................. 12 6 6       12 6 6 1990   91 ............................................. 10 4 6       10 4 6 1991   92 ............................................. 10 7 3       10 7 3 Including branch campuses: Total, 1969   70 to 1996   97 ......... 448 212 236 39 5 34 409 207 202 1969   70 ............................................. 24 10 14 5 1 4 19 9 10 1970   71 ............................................. 35 10 25 11   11 24 10 14 1971   72 ............................................. 14 5 9 3   3 11 5 6 1972   73 ............................................. 21 12 9 4   4 17 12 5 1973   74 ............................................. 20 12 8 1   1 19 12 7 1974   75 ............................................. 18 13 5 4   4 14 13 1 1975   76 ............................................. 9 7 2 2 1 1 7 6 1 1976   77 ............................................. 9 6 3       9 6 3 1977   78 ............................................. 12 9 3       12 9 3 1978   79 ............................................. 9 4 5       9 4 5 1979   80 ............................................. 6 5 1       6 5 1 1980   81 ............................................. 4 3 1       4 3 1 1981   82 ............................................. 7 6 1       7 6 1 1982   83 ............................................. 7 4 3       7 4 3 1983   84 ............................................. 5 5   1 1   4 4   1984   85 ............................................. 4 4         4 4   1985   86 ............................................. 12 8 4 1 1   11 7 4 1986   87 and 1987   88 ...................... 26 19 7 1   1 25 19 6 1988   89 ............................................. 14 6 8       14 6 8 1989   90 ............................................. 19 8 11       19 8 11 1990   91 ............................................. 18 6 12       18 6 12 1991   92 ............................................. 26 8 18 1   1 25 8 17 1992   93 ............................................. 24 6 18       24 6 18 1993   94 ............................................. 38 10 28 1   1 37 10 27 1994   95 ............................................. 15 8 7 2   2 13 8 5 1995   96 ............................................. 21 8 13 1 1   20 7 13 1996   97 ............................................. 31 10 21 1   1 30 10 20   Data not applicable or not available.

NOTE.   This table indicates the year in which the institution closed. Some data revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Education Directory, Higher Education, 1960   61 to 1974   75; Education Directory, Colleges and Universities, 1975   76 to 1983   84; 1982   83 Supplement to the Education Directory Colleges and Universities; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System `` Institutional Characteristics'' surveys, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared June 1998.) 276 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 244.   Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and sex of student: 1869   70 to 2007   08 Year Associate degrees Bachelor's degrees Master's degrees First professional degrees Doctor's degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1869   70 ......................................       1 9,371 1 7,993 1 1,378 0 0 0 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 1 1 0 1879   80 ......................................       1 12,896 1 10,411 1 2,485 879 868 11 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 54 51 3 1889   90 ......................................       1 15,539 1 12,857 1 2,682 1,015 821 194 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 149 147 2 1899   1900 .................................       1 27,410 1 22,173 1 5,237 1,583 1,280 303 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 382 359 23 1909   10 ......................................       1 37,199 1 28,762 1 8,437 2,113 1,555 558 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 443 399 44 1919   20 ......................................       1 48,622 1 31,980 1 16,642 4,279 2,985 1,294 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 615 522 93 1929   30 ......................................       1 122,484 1 73,615 1 48,869 14,969 8,925 6,044 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 2,299 1,946 353 1939   40 ......................................       1 186,500 1 109,546 1 76,954 26,731 16,508 10,223 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 3,290 2,861 429 1949   50 ......................................       1 432,058 1 328,841 1 103,217 58,183 41,220 16,963 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 6,420 5,804 616 1959   60 ......................................       1 392,440 1 254,063 1 138,377 74,435 50,898 23,537 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 9,829 8,801 1,028 1960   61 ......................................       365,174 224,538 140,636 84,609 57,830 26,779 25,253 24,577 676 10,575 9,463 1,112 1961   62 ......................................       383,961 230,456 153,505 91,418 62,603 28,815 25,607 24,836 771 11,622 10,377 1,245 1962   63 ......................................       411,420 241,309 170,111 98,684 67,302 31,382 26,590 25,753 837 12,822 11,448 1,374 1963   64 ......................................       461,266 265,349 195,917 109,183 73,850 35,333 27,209 26,357 852 14,490 12,955 1,535 1964   65 ......................................       493,757 282,173 211,584 121,167 81,319 39,848 28,290 27,283 1,007 16,467 14,692 1,775 1965   66 ...................................... 111,607 63,779 47,828 520,115 299,287 220,828 140,602 93,081 47,521 30,124 28,982 1,142 18,237 16,121 2,116 1966   67 ...................................... 139,183 78,356 60,827 558,534 322,711 235,823 157,726 103,109 54,617 31,695 30,401 1,294 20,617 18,163 2,454 1967   68 ...................................... 159,441 90,317 69,124 632,289 357,682 274,607 176,749 113,552 63,197 33,939 32,402 1,537 23,089 20,183 2,906 1968   69 ...................................... 183,279 105,661 77,618 728,845 410,595 318,250 193,756 121,531 72,225 35,114 33,595 1,519 26,158 22,722 3,436 1969   70 ...................................... 206,023 117,432 88,591 792,316 451,097 341,219 208,291 125,624 82,667 34,918 33,077 1,841 29,866 25,890 3,976 1970   71 ...................................... 252,311 144,144 108,167 839,730 475,594 364,136 230,509 138,146 92,363 37,946 35,544 2,402 32,107 27,530 4,577 1971   72 ...................................... 292,014 166,227 125,787 887,273 500,590 386,683 251,633 149,550 102,083 43,411 40,723 2,688 33,363 28,090 5,273 1972   73 ...................................... 316,174 175,413 140,761 922,362 518,191 404,171 263,371 154,468 108,903 50,018 46,489 3,529 34,777 28,571 6,206 1973   74 ...................................... 343,924 188,591 155,333 945,776 527,313 418,463 277,033 157,842 119,191 53,816 48,530 5,286 33,816 27,365 6,451 1974   75 ...................................... 360,171 191,017 169,154 922,933 504,841 418,092 292,450 161,570 130,880 55,916 48,956 6,960 34,083 26,817 7,266 1975   76 ...................................... 391,454 209,996 181,458 925,746 504,925 420,821 311,771 167,248 144,523 62,649 52,892 9,757 34,064 26,267 7,797 1976   77 ...................................... 406,377 210,842 195,535 919,549 495,545 424,004 317,164 167,783 149,381 64,359 52,374 11,985 33,232 25,142 8,090 1977   78 ...................................... 412,246 204,718 207,528 921,204 487,347 433,857 311,620 161,212 150,408 66,581 52,270 14,311 32,131 23,658 8,473 1978   79 ...................................... 402,702 192,091 210,611 921,390 477,344 444,046 301,079 153,370 147,709 68,848 52,652 16,196 32,730 23,541 9,189 1979   80 ...................................... 400,910 183,737 217,173 929,417 473,611 455,806 298,081 150,749 147,332 70,131 52,716 17,415 32,615 22,943 9,672 1980   81 ...................................... 416,377 188,638 227,739 935,140 469,883 465,257 295,739 147,043 148,696 71,956 52,792 19,164 32,958 22,711 10,247 1981   82 ...................................... 434,526 196,944 237,582 952,998 473,364 479,634 295,546 145,532 150,014 72,032 52,223 19,809 32,707 22,224 10,483 1982   83 ...................................... 449,620 203,991 245,629 969,510 479,140 490,370 289,921 144,697 145,224 73,054 51,250 21,804 32,775 21,902 10,873 1983   84 ...................................... 452,240 202,704 249,536 974,309 482,319 491,990 284,263 143,595 140,668 74,468 51,378 23,090 33,209 22,064 11,145 1984   85 ...................................... 454,712 202,932 251,780 979,477 482,528 496,949 286,251 143,390 142,861 75,063 50,455 24,608 32,943 21,700 11,243 1985   86 ...................................... 446,047 196,166 249,881 987,823 485,923 501,900 288,567 143,508 145,059 73,910 49,261 24,649 33,653 21,819 11,834 1986   87 ...................................... 436,304 190,839 245,465 991,264 480,782 510,482 289,349 141,269 148,080 71,617 46,523 25,094 34,041 22,061 11,980 1987   88 ...................................... 435,085 190,047 245,038 994,829 477,203 517,626 299,317 145,163 154,154 70,735 45,484 25,251 34,870 22,615 12,255 1988   89 ...................................... 436,764 186,316 250,448 1,018,755 483,346 535,409 310,621 149,354 161,267 70,856 45,046 25,810 35,720 22,648 13,072 1989   90 ...................................... 455,102 191,195 263,907 1,051,344 491,696 559,648 324,301 153,653 170,648 70,988 43,961 27,027 38,371 24,401 13,970 1990   91 ...................................... 481,720 198,634 283,086 1,094,538 504,045 590,493 337,168 156,482 180,686 71,948 43,846 28,102 39,294 24,756 14,538 1991   92 ...................................... 504,231 207,481 296,750 1,136,553 520,811 615,742 352,838 161,842 190,996 74,146 45,071 29,075 40,659 25,557 15,102 1992   93 ...................................... 514,756 211,964 302,792 1,165,178 532,881 632,297 369,585 169,258 200,327 75,387 45,153 30,234 42,132 26,073 16,059 1993   94 ...................................... 530,632 215,261 315,371 1,169,275 532,422 636,853 387,070 176,085 210,985 75,418 44,707 30,711 43,185 26,552 16,633 1994   95 ...................................... 539,691 218,352 321,339 1,160,134 526,131 634,003 397,629 178,598 219,031 75,800 44,853 30,947 44,446 26,916 17,530 1995   96 ...................................... 555,216 219,514 335,702 1,164,792 522,454 642,338 406,301 179,081 227,220 76,734 44,748 31,986 44,652 26,841 17,811 1996   97 3 ................................... 528,000 211,000 317,000 1,166,000 523,000 643,000 402,000 181,000 221,000 79,700 46,000 33,700 44,700 27,100 17,600 1997   98 3 ................................... 520,000 209,000 311,000 1,172,000 523,000 649,000 406,000 183,000 223,000 78,400 46,100 32,300 45,200 27,200 18,000 1998   99 3 ................................... 528,000 209,000 319,000 1,166,000 510,000 655,000 410,000 185,000 225,000 75,800 43,700 32,000 45,800 27,300 18,500 1999   2000 3 ............................... 532,000 208,000 323,000 1,161,000 502,000 659,000 414,000 187,000 227,000 74,000 42,000 32,000 46,400 27,400 19,000 2000   01 3 ................................... 543,000 210,000 333,000 1,173,000 506,000 667,000 418,000 189,000 229,000 73,100 41,100 32,000 46,800 27,300 19,500 2001   02 3 ................................... 550,000 211,000 339,000 1,195,000 510,000 685,000 422,000 191,000 231,000 72,400 40,500 31,800 47,200 27,200 20,000 2002   03 3 ................................... 555,000 212,000 343,000 1,214,000 515,000 699,000 426,000 193,000 233,000 71,900 40,100 31,800 47,600 27,100 20,500 2003   04 3 ................................... 559,000 213,000 346,000 1,227,000 519,000 708,000 430,000 195,000 235,000 71,800 39,800 32,000 47,900 27,000 20,900 2004   05 3 ................................... 560,000 213,000 347,000 1,235,000 520,000 716,000 434,000 197,000 237,000 72,300 39,900 32,400 48,300 26,900 21,400 2005   06 3 ................................... 565,000 214,000 351,000 1,243,000 524,000 719,000 438,000 199,000 239,000 73,100 40,100 33,000 48,700 26,800 21,900 2006   07 3 ................................... 572,000 215,000 357,000 1,256,000 527,000 729,000 442,000 201,000 241,000 74,100 40,500 33,600 49,100 26,700 22,400 2007   08 3 ................................... 579,000 216,000 363,000 1,270,000 530,000 739,000 446,000 203,000 243,000 75,000 40,800 34,200 49,500 26,600 22,900 1 Includes first professional degrees. 2 First professional degrees are included with bachelor's degrees. 3 Projected.   Data not available.

NOTE.   Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Because of rounding, details may not add to totals. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Earned Degrees Conferred; Projections of Education Statistics to 2008; Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 277 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 245.   Degrees awarded by institutions of higher education, by control, level of degree, and state: 1995   96 State or other area Public Private Associate degrees Bachelor's degrees First professional degrees 1 Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) Associate degrees Bachelor's degrees First professional degrees 1 Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States ............................... 454,291 774,070 29,882 227,179 29,516 100,925 390,722 46,852 179,122 15,136 Alabama ............................................ 7,320 16,758 600 6,023 531 940 3,350 435 450 2 Alaska ............................................... 890 1,411 0 419 28 71 82   55   Arizona .............................................. 6,076 14,049 454 4,860 756 2,070 2,914   2,008   Arkansas ........................................... 2,869 7,420 499 1,893 148 105 1,679   80   California ........................................... 57,151 82,540 2,093 18,217 2,754 7,831 27,705 6,562 19,871 2,356 Colorado ........................................... 5,361 16,105 436 4,450 709 3,276 3,334 354 2,403 121 Connecticut ....................................... 3,860 6,788 312 2,529 239 790 6,613 609 4,186 437 Delaware ........................................... 987 3,510 0 854 157 195 874 391 396 25 District of Columbia .......................... 280 586 68 132 0 109 6,527 2,427 7,127 526 Florida ............................................... 35,984 32,208 1,002 8,628 1,058 6,520 14,103 1,484 6,684 695 Georgia ............................................. 7,476 19,830 723 7,025 740 1,986 7,616 1,656 2,215 257 Hawaii ............................................... 2,201 3,395 122 1,053 186 487 1,344   526 10 Idaho ................................................. 1,275 4,138 157 1,064 94 2,993 351   39   Illinois ................................................ 23,776 29,079 1,067 10,026 1,259 3,063 22,464 3,568 14,819 1,314 Indiana .............................................. 7,469 20,650 955 5,743 997 3,219 9,921 549 1,829 179 Iowa .................................................. 7,546 9,189 583 2,455 676 841 8,491 1,015 929 32 Kansas .............................................. 6,604 11,520 604 3,950 470 677 3,089 8 782   Kentucky ........................................... 4,926 11,609 785 3,815 305 1,614 3,071 356 678 96 Louisiana ........................................... 3,535 14,868 559 3,908 386 723 3,117 969 1,321 133 Maine ................................................ 1,555 3,245 88 671 47 741 2,374 93 234   Maryland ........................................... 8,129 15,672 706 5,431 578 460 4,270 207 4,376 344 Massachusetts .................................. 8,213 12,312 91 3,076 440 4,469 28,413 3,577 19,177 1,936 Michigan ............................................ 18,449 34,017 1,464 13,577 1,526 3,207 10,355 1,114 2,107 72 Minnesota ......................................... 8,666 15,074 685 3,896 763 2,847 8,205 812 2,679 274 Mississippi ......................................... 5,804 8,123 328 2,246 352 105 1,860 117 464   Missouri ............................................. 6,225 15,069 670 4,121 379 3,859 12,237 1,707 6,714 406 Montana ............................................ 1,027 4,021 75 812 61 305 764   40   Nebraska ........................................... 2,816 6,641 376 1,878 282 380 3,248 450 495 3 Nevada .............................................. 1,274 3,357 55 955 76 151 64   31   New Hampshire ................................ 1,826 3,862 0 748 51 1,401 3,795 184 1,702 59 New Jersey ....................................... 11,999 18,035 894 4,840 580 1,006 6,537 800 3,580 471 New Mexico ...................................... 3,172 5,645 192 2,305 305 304 572   274   New York .......................................... 39,513 41,950 1,282 13,640 1,400 13,696 53,345 6,356 30,535 2,365 North Carolina ................................... 13,032 22,821 710 5,863 789 876 9,940 1,031 1,905 258 North Dakota ..................................... 1,789 3,910 173 661 79 238 574   44   Ohio .................................................. 16,723 32,089 2,022 10,548 1,678 3,902 16,592 1,267 5,375 532 Oklahoma .......................................... 5,974 12,191 501 3,003 333 135 2,231 198 853 25 Oregon .............................................. 5,352 9,359 322 2,767 406 362 3,877 635 1,244 70 Pennsylvania ..................................... 12,204 30,426 1,175 8,483 1,223 10,738 31,327 2,700 11,024 1,032 Rhode Island ..................................... 1,548 3,208 7 888 82 2,391 5,536 173 1,112 219 South Carolina .................................. 5,558 11,504 534 4,041 422 817 3,584 171 415 13 South Dakota .................................... 1,606 3,585 126 946 89 368 854 15 116 3 Tennessee ........................................ 5,814 13,491 691 4,296 492 1,246 7,117 647 1,955 210 Texas ................................................ 22,605 55,388 2,615 17,074 2,443 3,307 15,316 2,481 5,514 421 Utah .................................................. 5,885 8,337 225 1,675 318 552 7,213 155 1,406 84 Vermont ............................................ 689 2,396 94 425 57 781 2,099   866 4 Virginia .............................................. 9,052 23,515 1,210 8,554 1,025 2,039 8,049 667 2,252 36 Washington ....................................... 18,349 17,395 453 3,868 646 1,000 5,149 478 4,466 44 West Virginia ..................................... 2,145 7,225 350 2,059 120 667 1,357   124   Wisconsin .......................................... 8,330 19,713 515 5,055 845 835 7,223 434 1,645 72 Wyoming ........................................... 1,758 1,641 78 410 78 230         U. S. Service Schools ........................ 11,624 3,200 156 1,323 58           Outlying areas .............................. 1,457 6,566 275 755 34 2,321 8,108 472 1,054 48 American Samoa .............................. 42                   Federated States of Micronesia ....... 156                   Guam ................................................ 44 358   47             Marshall Islands ................................ 113                   Northern Marianas ............................ 107                   Palau ................................................. 16                   Puerto Rico ....................................... 925 5,999 275 653 34 2,321 8,108 472 1,054 48 Virgin Islands .................................... 54 209   55             1 Includes degrees which require at least 6 years of college work for completion ( including at least 2 years of preprofessional training). See Definitions for details.   Data not available or not applicable. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 278 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 246.   Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by state: 1994   95 and 1995   96 State or other area 1994   95 1995   96 Associate degrees Bachelor's degrees First professional degrees 1 Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.) Associate degrees Bachelor's degrees First professional degrees 1 Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States ............................... 539,691 1,160,134 75,800 397,629 44,446 555,216 1,164,792 76,734 406,301 44,652 Alabama ............................................ 7,835 19,924 963 5,983 438 8,260 20,108 1,035 6,473 533 Alaska ............................................... 960 1,526   463 19 961 1,493 0 474 28 Arizona .............................................. 6,809 16,175 445 6,498 787 8,146 16,963 454 6,868 756 Arkansas ........................................... 2,492 8,623 482 2,041 155 2,974 9,099 499 1,973 148 California ........................................... 60,503 109,714 8,783 38,065 5,367 64,982 110,245 8,655 38,088 5,110 Colorado ........................................... 6,984 19,929 833 7,111 788 8,637 19,439 790 6,853 830 Connecticut ....................................... 4,800 13,972 920 6,419 707 4,650 13,401 921 6,715 676 Delaware ........................................... 1,141 4,466 418 1,102 169 1,182 4,384 391 1,250 182 District of Columbia .......................... 205 7,027 2,467 6,607 474 389 7,113 2,495 7,259 526 Florida ............................................... 40,733 44,924 2,494 14,793 1,653 42,504 46,311 2,486 15,312 1,753 Georgia ............................................. 9,143 26,312 2,061 8,644 934 9,462 27,446 2,379 9,240 997 Hawaii ............................................... 2,387 4,500 160 1,520 166 2,688 4,739 122 1,579 196 Idaho ................................................. 4,181 4,235 167 1,077 80 4,268 4,489 157 1,103 94 Illinois ................................................ 27,126 52,270 4,360 23,487 2,850 26,839 51,543 4,635 24,845 2,573 Indiana .............................................. 10,063 30,253 1,485 7,597 1,152 10,688 30,571 1,504 7,572 1,176 Iowa .................................................. 8,191 17,421 1,535 3,478 686 8,387 17,680 1,598 3,384 708 Kansas .............................................. 6,961 14,594 591 4,350 450 7,281 14,609 612 4,732 470 Kentucky ........................................... 6,446 14,570 1,127 4,219 397 6,540 14,680 1,141 4,493 401 Louisiana ........................................... 3,369 17,920 1,680 5,346 499 4,258 17,985 1,528 5,229 519 Maine ................................................ 2,445 5,893 180 953 42 2,296 5,619 181 905 47 Maryland ........................................... 8,632 19,908 1,001 8,991 877 8,589 19,942 913 9,807 922 Massachusetts .................................. 12,808 40,279 3,656 21,276 2,283 12,682 40,725 3,668 22,253 2,376 Michigan ............................................ 22,696 44,317 2,496 15,460 1,548 21,656 44,372 2,578 15,684 1,598 Minnesota ......................................... 12,216 24,068 1,538 5,760 889 11,513 23,279 1,497 6,575 1,037 Mississippi ......................................... 5,519 10,335 492 2,621 399 5,909 9,983 445 2,710 352 Missouri ............................................. 8,928 27,931 2,296 10,355 719 10,084 27,306 2,377 10,835 785 Montana ............................................ 1,329 4,354 78 857 66 1,332 4,785 75 852 61 Nebraska ........................................... 3,365 10,105 825 2,252 255 3,196 9,889 826 2,373 285 Nevada .............................................. 1,411 3,371 54 897 77 1,425 3,421 55 986 76 New Hampshire ................................ 3,530 7,395 193 2,262 112 3,227 7,657 184 2,450 110 New Jersey ....................................... 12,855 24,627 1,670 8,261 1,053 13,005 24,572 1,694 8,420 1,051 New Mexico ...................................... 3,277 6,363 172 2,438 285 3,476 6,217 192 2,579 305 New York .......................................... 54,671 93,549 7,636 44,726 3,974 53,209 95,295 7,638 44,175 3,765 North Carolina ................................... 14,107 32,321 1,696 7,430 1,022 13,908 32,761 1,741 7,768 1,047 North Dakota ..................................... 1,738 4,440 187 628 84 2,027 4,484 173 705 79 Ohio .................................................. 20,183 49,588 3,069 15,387 2,191 20,625 48,681 3,289 15,923 2,210 Oklahoma .......................................... 7,011 15,307 955 4,928 414 6,109 14,422 699 3,856 358 Oregon .............................................. 5,813 12,917 904 3,914 493 5,714 13,236 957 4,011 476 Pennsylvania ..................................... 20,569 63,027 3,942 19,637 2,402 22,942 61,753 3,875 19,507 2,255 Rhode Island ..................................... 3,890 8,978 76 2,041 295 3,939 8,744 180 2,000 301 South Carolina .................................. 6,165 15,176 614 4,525 391 6,375 15,088 705 4,456 435 South Dakota .................................... 834 4,293 137 1,007 63 1,974 4,439 141 1,062 92 Tennessee ........................................ 6,721 20,463 1,436 6,193 665 7,060 20,608 1,338 6,251 702 Texas ................................................ 25,800 70,048 4,775 22,740 2,727 25,912 70,704 5,096 22,588 2,864 Utah .................................................. 5,812 14,541 373 3,045 358 6,437 15,550 380 3,081 402 Vermont ............................................ 1,311 4,591 90 1,091 54 1,470 4,495 94 1,291 61 Virginia .............................................. 10,882 31,106 1,817 10,706 1,077 11,091 31,564 1,877 10,806 1,061 Washington ....................................... 19,102 21,828 909 7,947 687 19,349 22,544 931 8,334 690 West Virginia ..................................... 2,840 8,656 358 2,268 159 2,812 8,582 350 2,183 120 Wisconsin .......................................... 9,262 26,943 977 6,446 907 9,165 26,936 949 6,700 917 Wyoming ........................................... 1,663 1,777 70 396 63 1,988 1,641 78 410 78 U. S. Service Schools ........................ 11,977 3,284 157 1,391 44 11,624 3,200 156 1,323 58 Outlying areas .............................. 4,403 14,302 657 1,799 67 3,778 14,674 747 1,809 82 American Samoa .............................. 419         42         Federated States of Micronesia ....... 163         156         Guam ................................................ 48 295   45   44 358   47   Marshall Islands ................................ 40         113         Northern Marianas ............................ 180         107         Palau ................................................. 21         16         Puerto Rico ....................................... 3,476 13,812 657 1,690 67 3,246 14,107 747 1,707 82 Virgin Islands .................................... 56 195   64   54 209   55   1 Includes degrees which require at least 6 years of college work for completion ( including at least 2 years of preprofessional training). See Definitions for details.   Data not available or not applicable. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 279 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 247.   Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1989   90 to 1993   94 Field of study Total Women 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total ................................................................................ 455,102 481,720 504,231 514,756 530,632 263,907 283,086 296,750 302,792 315,371 Agriculture and natural resources, total .............................. 4,832 4,910 5,251 5,398 5,636 1,600 1,588 1,675 1,648 1,814 Agricultural business and production ............................. 2,894 2,905 3,046 3,222 3,434 930 962 1,011 1,018 1,081 Agricultural sciences ....................................................... 925 879 951 837 871 507 444 432 372 388 Conservation and renewable natural resources ............ 1,013 1,126 1,254 1,339 1,331 163 182 232 258 345 Architecture and related programs ...................................... 2,013 2,031 443 372 353 1,745 1,741 337 253 238 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ........................................ 68 19 29 33 75 56 13 20 23 50 Biological/ life sciences ........................................................ 1,023 1,119 1,361 1,435 1,771 593 667 797 847 1,064 Business management and administrative services ........... 92,390 89,537 93,762 91,719 92,284 63,163 62,109 65,459 63,364 64,857 Accounting ...................................................................... 14,858 14,577 15,687 15,115 15,307 11,275 11,111 11,888 11,587 11,867 Business, general ........................................................... 11,878 11,618 11,823 11,190 11,452 7,095 7,188 7,293 7,046 7,237 Business administration and management .................... 28,292 26,625 31,185 29,556 29,691 16,753 15,863 18,902 17,932 18,090 Business and management, other ................................. 11,691 11,663 11,089 12,285 11,114 6,480 6,655 6,769 6,645 6,493 Business data processing .............................................. 8,532 8,182 6,394 6,405 6,883 4,733 4,775 3,679 3,693 3,853 Secretarial and related programs ................................... 17,139 16,872 17,584 17,168 17,837 16,827 16,517 16,928 16,461 17,317 Communications .................................................................. 1,657 1,847 1,886 1,904 2,052 910 966 996 959 1,099 Communications technologies ............................................ 2,027 2,032 1,794 1,828 2,469 678 681 649 632 834 Computer and information sciences ................................... 7,574 7,677 9,290 9,196 9,301 3,768 3,770 4,725 4,655 4,677 Construction trades ............................................................. 1,765 1,793 1,560 1,653 1,695 68 78 69 72 77 Consumer and personal services ....................................... 2,121 2,494 4,420 4,692 5,175 843 887 1,519 1,572 1,691 Education ............................................................................. 8,061 7,842 10,267 9,315 9,271 5,731 5,640 6,559 6,284 6,319 Engineering ......................................................................... 2,345 2,451 2,685 2,478 2,445 279 268 344 309 300 Engineering related technologies ........................................ 40,033 37,890 35,861 36,321 35,618 4,006 3,724 3,757 3,690 3,799 English language and literature/ letters ................................ 527 426 1,019 1,320 1,289 358 302 671 851 822 Foreign languages and literatures ...................................... 329 327 433 511 492 251 210 305 358 345 Health professions and related sciences ............................ 64,113 70,833 79,453 86,237 94,601 56,125 61,495 68,648 73,266 79,449 Dental assisting .............................................................. 3,697 3,810 4,013 4,165 4,259 3,502 3,612 3,822 3,929 3,977 Emergency medical technician ambulance and paramedic ................................................................... 332 371 378 442 510 100 116 114 139 155 Medical lab technician .................................................... 1,627 1,731 1,874 2,172 2,570 1,284 1,311 1,425 1,601 1,905 Medical assisting ............................................................ 1,404 1,496 1,960 2,130 2,785 1,375 1,451 1,741 1,907 2,672 Nursing assisting ............................................................ 0 5 19 86 6 0 4 13 70 5 Practical nursing ............................................................. 589 797 795 890 740 535 692 742 804 672 Nursing, R. N. and other ................................................. 40,212 45,317 51,193 54,085 57,405 36,915 41,261 46,217 48,289 50,740 Health sciences, other .................................................... 16,252 17,306 19,221 22,267 26,326 12,414 13,048 14,574 16,527 19,323 Home economics and vocational home economics ........... 7,798 8,067 6,436 6,914 7,463 6,080 6,243 5,749 6,259 6,821 Law and legal studies ......................................................... 4,552 5,484 7,053 8,028 8,681 3,967 4,892 6,146 7,069 7,652 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities 133,466 142,722 154,594 158,040 165,106 78,768 84,977 91,777 94,173 99,025 Library science .................................................................... 107 111 103 85 118 95 102 85 76 102 Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution ................ 14,015 12,713 8,465 7,445 6,736 10,829 9,510 6,494 5,646 5,049 Mathematics ........................................................................ 756 670 744 743 704 270 264 280 315 309 Mechanics and repairers ..................................................... 7,704 7,640 10,264 10,966 11,332 431 445 671 686 738 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ............................................... 8,176 7,454 7,841 8,486 8,436 4,156 3,998 4,059 4,411 4,382 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies .................... 485 425 620 717 755 200 177 251 288 301 Philosophy and religion ....................................................... 93 89 60 111 82 34 28 17 35 36 Physical sciences ................................................................ 2,021 2,091 2,066 2,241 2,546 811 901 861 945 1,069 Physical sciences, other ................................................. 1,279 1,281 1,228 1,390 1,567 539 562 522 598 671 Science technologies ...................................................... 742 810 838 851 979 272 339 339 347 398 Precision production trades ................................................. 8,616 9,093 9,005 9,204 9,357 1,898 1,975 1,872 1,811 1,846 Protective services .............................................................. 12,855 13,564 15,117 16,834 18,199 3,402 3,599 3,876 4,545 5,131 Criminal justice and corrections ..................................... 10,658 11,358 12,649 14,295 15,262 3,137 3,367 3,628 4,265 4,823 Fire control and safety .................................................... 1,621 1,634 1,989 2,020 2,243 91 92 116 137 132 Protective services, other ............................................... 576 572 479 519 694 174 140 132 143 176 Psychology .......................................................................... 1,115 997 1,209 1,237 1,377 829 740 871 955 1,040 Public administration and services ...................................... 2,613 2,779 3,162 3,301 3,696 2,076 2,243 2,523 2,653 2,938 R. O. T. C and military technologies ...................................... 129 85 172 52 265 15 8 16 8 20 Social sciences and history ................................................. 2,872 2,505 3,160 3,930 3,936 1,611 1,494 1,760 2,252 2,400 Theological studies/ religious vocations ............................... 653 578 496 508 641 264 243 216 227 299 Transportation and material moving workers ...................... 2,619 2,609 2,418 2,210 1,922 395 469 440 360 320 Visual and performing arts .................................................. 8,740 9,126 11,888 12,690 13,227 5,327 5,362 7,085 7,606 7,731 Fine arts, general ........................................................... 1,150 1,166 1,159 1,346 1,473 729 766 767 886 907 Design and music ........................................................... 5,900 5,986 9,142 9,699 10,173 3,588 3,499 5,536 5,866 6,040 Visual and performing arts, other ................................... 1,690 1,974 1,587 1,645 1,581 1,010 1,097 782 854 784 Not classified by field of study ............................................ 4,839 19,690 9,844 6,602 1,526 2,275 11,277 5,171 3,689 727 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 280 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 248.   Associate degrees and other subbaccalaureate awards conferred by institutions of higher education, by length of curriculum, sex of student, and field of study: 1995   96 Field of study Less than 1 year awards 1 to less than 4 year awards Associate degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total .................................................................................................. 100,888 47,358 53,530 139,688 55,878 83,810 555,216 219,514 335,702 Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................ 1,749 1,327 422 1,874 1,325 549 6,182 4,218 1,964 Agricultural business and production ............................................... 1,471 1,151 320 1,677 1,186 491 3,846 2,574 1,272 Agricultural sciences ......................................................................... 241 145 96 60 43 17 877 476 401 Conservation and renewable natural resources .............................. 37 31 6 137 96 41 1,459 1,168 291 Architecture and related programs ........................................................ 2 0 2 10 1 9 256 40 216 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies .......................................................... 180 43 137 133 19 114 111 28 83 Biological/ life sciences .......................................................................... 79 55 24 529 324 205 2,037 817 1,220 Business management and administrative services ............................. 15,411 4,401 11,010 26,509 4,126 22,383 93,487 25,932 67,555 Accounting ........................................................................................ 1,325 278 1,047 4,175 754 3,421 15,926 3,375 12,551 Business, general ............................................................................. 580 301 279 998 321 677 11,397 4,105 7,292 Business administration and management ...................................... 1,535 620 915 2,724 976 1,748 28,901 10,695 18,206 Business and management, other ................................................... 2,539 1,400 1,139 2,404 747 1,657 9,950 3,696 6,254 Business data processing ................................................................ 2,560 1,006 1,554 2,203 765 1,438 7,381 3,411 3,970 Secretarial and related programs ..................................................... 6,872 796 6,076 14,005 563 13,442 19,932 650 19,282 Communications .................................................................................... 414 208 206 188 113 75 2,187 1,077 1,110 Communications technologies .............................................................. 91 54 37 369 204 165 1,757 1,169 588 Computer and information sciences ..................................................... 4,349 2,309 2,040 3,570 1,702 1,868 9,658 4,954 4,704 Construction trades ............................................................................... 4,212 3,983 229 4,021 3,821 200 2,141 2,035 106 Consumer and personal services ......................................................... 1,615 375 1,240 6,460 1,696 4,764 7,721 4,967 2,754 Education ............................................................................................... 569 146 423 677 50 627 9,750 3,109 6,641 Engineering ........................................................................................... 102 85 17 145 124 21 2,197 1,914 283 Engineering related technologies .......................................................... 2,479 2,075 404 8,180 7,175 1,005 33,002 28,871 4,131 English language and literature/ letters .................................................. 128 42 86 37 11 26 1,310 471 839 Foreign languages and literatures ........................................................ 419 155 264 29 7 22 607 163 444 Health professions and related sciences .............................................. 33,993 8,100 25,893 45,185 6,548 38,637 101,872 17,295 84,577 Dental assisting ................................................................................ 1,268 112 1,156 3,810 188 3,622 4,564 290 4,274 Emergency medical technician ambulance and paramedic ............. 7,062 4,479 2,583 1,668 1,159 509 889 630 259 Medical lab technician ...................................................................... 103 19 84 96 22 74 2,982 776 2,206 Medical assisting .............................................................................. 4,209 480 3,729 6,367 290 6,077 4,941 203 4,738 Nursing assisting .............................................................................. 10,529 1,059 9,470 280 26 254 7 0 7 Practical nursing ............................................................................... 595 85 510 20,769 2,261 18,508 605 55 550 Nursing, R. N. and other ................................................................... 2,536 260 2,276 2,248 265 1,983 56,562 7,307 49,255 Health sciences, other ...................................................................... 7,691 1,606 6,085 9,947 2,337 7,610 31,322 8,034 23,288 Home economics and vocational home economics ............................. 4,144 1,267 2,877 4,295 416 3,879 8,192 757 7,435 Law and legal studies ........................................................................... 850 143 707 2,006 287 1,719 9,106 1,119 7,987 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities ................. 152 66 86 481 141 340 174,970 67,994 106,976 Library science ...................................................................................... 117 10 107 57 8 49 94 13 81 Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution .................................. 2,388 754 1,634 1,624 407 1,217 5,960 1,424 4,536 Mathematics .......................................................................................... 1 1 0 1 1 0 758 463 295 Mechanics and repairers ....................................................................... 4,614 4,292 322 15,624 14,870 754 12,524 11,723 801 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ................................................................. 439 69 370 134 74 60 8,611 4,212 4,399 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ...................................... 95 34 61 130 52 78 936 545 391 Philosophy and religion ......................................................................... 67 25 42 19 13 6 83 45 38 Physical sciences .................................................................................. 86 39 47 81 51 30 2,612 1,458 1,154 Physical sciences, other ................................................................... 26 11 15 17 13 4 1,749 961 788 Science technologies ........................................................................ 60 28 32 64 38 26 863 497 366 Precision production trades ................................................................... 4,009 3,285 724 8,104 6,711 1,393 10,217 8,119 2,098 Protective services ................................................................................ 10,156 7,954 2,202 2,821 2,008 813 19,196 13,427 5,769 Criminal justice and corrections ....................................................... 8,277 6,279 1,998 2,222 1,489 733 15,990 10,610 5,380 Fire control and safety ...................................................................... 1,844 1,643 201 489 448 41 2,523 2,357 166 Protective services, other ................................................................. 35 32 3 110 71 39 683 460 223 Psychology ............................................................................................ 24 6 18 52 13 39 1,583 406 1,177 Public administration and services ........................................................ 544 183 361 548 129 419 4,218 765 3,453 R. O. T. C. and military technologies ....................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 514 42 Social sciences and history ................................................................... 22 10 12 29 9 20 4,021 1,488 2,533 Theological studies/ religious vocations ................................................. 82 35 47 542 293 249 608 314 294 Transportation and material moving workers ........................................ 6,180 5,354 826 749 629 120 1,571 1,325 246 Visual and performing arts .................................................................... 831 399 432 3,861 2,285 1,576 13,534 5,806 7,728 Fine arts, general ............................................................................. 46 3 43 129 62 67 1,515 569 946 Design and music ............................................................................. 437 211 226 2,863 1,548 1,315 10,579 4,524 6,055 Visual and performing arts, other ..................................................... 348 185 163 869 675 194 1,440 713 727 Not classified by field of study .............................................................. 295 74 221 614 235 379 1,591 537 1,054 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 281 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 249.   Associate degrees and other subbaccalaureate awards conferred by institutions of higher education, by length of curriculum, sex of student, and field of study: 1994   95 Field of study Less than 1 year awards 1 to less than 4 year awards Associate degrees Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total .................................................................................................... 85,195 42,636 42,559 152,037 62,646 89,391 539,691 218,352 321,339 Agriculture and natural resources, total .................................................. 1,705 1,320 385 4,067 2,242 1,825 5,730 4,001 1,729 Agricultural business and production ................................................. 1,311 997 314 1,344 913 431 3,564 2,458 1,106 Agricultural sciences ........................................................................... 334 274 60 1,548 427 1,121 829 465 364 Conservation and renewable natural resources ................................ 60 49 11 1,175 902 273 1,337 1,078 259 Architecture and related programs .......................................................... 15 4 11 10 2 8 277 70 207 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............................................................ 118 28 90 136 10 126 68 17 51 Biological/ life sciences ............................................................................ 297 152 145 62 32 30 1,879 752 1,127 Business management and administrative services ............................... 12,446 3,451 8,995 27,005 4,835 22,170 90,113 26,629 63,484 Accounting .......................................................................................... 1,019 215 804 4,470 796 3,674 14,970 3,313 11,657 Business, general ............................................................................... 447 209 238 906 318 588 11,622 4,368 7,254 Business administration and management ........................................ 1,687 674 1,013 2,367 834 1,533 28,968 11,076 17,892 Business and management, other ..................................................... 1,913 832 1,081 3,336 1,429 1,907 10,233 4,072 6,161 Business data processing .................................................................. 1,401 508 893 2,067 696 1,371 6,962 3,275 3,687 Secretarial and related programs ....................................................... 5,979 1,013 4,966 13,859 762 13,097 17,358 525 16,833 Communications ...................................................................................... 1,712 1,182 530 348 134 214 3,160 1,624 1,536 Communications technologies ................................................................ 90 63 27 327 198 129 1,984 1,298 686 Computer and information sciences ....................................................... 2,154 1,120 1,034 5,295 2,473 2,822 9,152 4,743 4,409 Construction trades ................................................................................. 2,310 2,133 177 4,582 4,328 254 1,728 1,598 130 Consumer and personal services ........................................................... 1,518 425 1,093 6,120 1,371 4,749 5,626 3,747 1,879 Education ................................................................................................. 355 37 318 1,461 152 1,309 9,658 3,058 6,600 Engineering ............................................................................................. 209 181 28 309 293 16 2,232 1,931 301 Engineering related technologies ............................................................ 2,050 1,618 432 7,491 6,638 853 34,732 30,820 3,912 English language and literature/ letters .................................................... 98 28 70 50 14 36 1,548 505 1,043 Foreign languages and literatures .......................................................... 248 86 162 196 118 78 616 177 439 Health professions and related sciences ................................................ 25,428 6,785 18,643 42,467 6,590 35,877 98,474 16,530 81,944 Dental assisting .................................................................................. 298 14 284 2,673 92 2,581 4,312 282 4,030 Emergency medical technician ambulance and paramedic ............... 6,215 4,022 2,193 1,619 1,149 470 771 536 235 Medical lab technician ........................................................................ 98 13 85 154 59 95 2,769 742 2,027 Medical assisting ................................................................................ 1,069 97 972 3,886 115 3,771 3,544 135 3,409 Nursing assisting ................................................................................ 8,794 1,019 7,775 187 19 168 2 0 2 Practical nursing ................................................................................. 571 57 514 19,976 2,287 17,689 772 86 686 Nursing, R. N. and other ..................................................................... 2,156 251 1,905 2,897 364 2,533 57,456 7,142 50,314 Health sciences, other ........................................................................ 6,227 1,312 4,915 11,075 2,505 8,570 28,848 7,607 21,241 Home economics and vocational home economics ............................... 5,218 2,129 3,089 8,582 1,638 6,944 7,821 815 7,006 Law and legal studies ............................................................................. 902 130 772 1,686 281 1,405 9,140 1,163 7,977 Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities ................... 334 249 85 1,273 423 850 170,817 67,834 102,983 Library science ........................................................................................ 73 5 68 53 8 45 101 9 92 Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution ................................... 2,152 710 1,442 2,444 579 1,865 6,187 1,526 4,661 Mathematics ............................................................................................ 5 4 1 1 0 1 782 438 344 Mechanics and repairers ......................................................................... 4,850 4,355 495 20,835 19,127 1,708 11,497 10,754 743 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ................................................................... 181 17 164 130 56 74 8,692 4,228 4,464 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ........................................ 86 43 43 145 73 72 864 501 363 Philosophy and religion ........................................................................... 46 19 27 483 192 291 81 52 29 Physical sciences .................................................................................... 32 16 16 79 47 32 2,456 1,424 1,032 Physical sciences, other ..................................................................... 16 8 8 29 21 8 1,645 921 724 Science technologies .......................................................................... 16 8 8 50 26 24 811 503 308 Precision production trades ..................................................................... 2,956 2,424 532 7,179 5,845 1,334 9,344 7,453 1,891 Protective services .................................................................................. 8,678 6,796 1,882 3,536 2,628 908 19,709 14,202 5,507 Criminal justice and corrections ......................................................... 7,499 5,737 1,762 2,943 2,108 835 16,584 11,408 5,176 Fire control and safety ........................................................................ 1,117 1,007 110 500 466 34 2,447 2,294 153 Protective services, other ................................................................... 62 52 10 93 54 39 678 500 178 Psychology .............................................................................................. 33 9 24 69 19 50 1,600 446 1,154 Public administration and services .......................................................... 608 235 373 732 230 502 3,882 783 3,099 R. O. T. C. and military technologies ......................................................... 1 1 0 0 0 0 364 331 33 Social sciences and history ..................................................................... 136 114 22 96 41 55 3,634 1,461 2,173 Theological studies/ religious vocations ................................................... 65 33 32 617 332 285 607 309 298 Transportation and material moving workers .......................................... 7,759 6,601 1,158 668 466 202 1,446 1,226 220 Visual and performing arts ...................................................................... 324 131 193 3,401 1,191 2,210 12,544 5,275 7,269 Fine arts, general ............................................................................... 19 4 15 469 190 279 1,420 483 937 Design and music ............................................................................... 276 113 163 2,234 671 1,563 9,805 4,176 5,629 Visual and performing arts, other ....................................................... 29 14 15 698 330 368 1,319 616 703 Not classified by field of study ................................................................ 3 2 1 102 40 62 1,146 622 524 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' survey. ( This table was prepared March 1997.) 282 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 250.   Bachelor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by discipline division: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Discipline division 1970   71 1975   76 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total .................................................... 839,730 925,746 935,140 974,309 979,477 987,823 991,264 994,829 1,018,755 1,051,344 1,094,538 1,136,553 1,165,178 1,169,275 1,160,134 1,164,792 Agriculture and natural resources .......... 12,672 19,402 21,886 19,317 18,107 16,823 14,991 14,222 13,492 12,900 13,124 15,124 16,778 18,070 19,841 21,431 Architecture and related programs ......... 5,570 9,146 9,455 9,186 9,325 9,119 8,950 8,603 9,150 9,364 9,781 8,753 9,167 8,975 8,756 8,352 Area, ethnic and cultural studies ............ 2,582 3,577 2,887 3,005 2,985 3,178 3,427 3,601 4,102 4,613 4,884 5,342 5,481 5,573 5,706 5,786 Biological sciences/ life sciences ............. 35,743 54,275 43,216 38,640 38,445 38,524 38,121 36,755 36,059 37,204 39,530 42,941 47,038 51,383 55,984 60,994 Business ................................................. 114,729 142,034 198,983 229,478 232,636 237,319 240,546 243,021 246,399 248,698 249,311 256,603 256,842 246,654 234,323 227,102 Communications ..................................... 10,324 20,045 29,428 38,586 40,358 41,666 43,953 45,410 47,405 50,114 51,650 54,257 53,874 51,164 48,104 47,320 Communications technologies ................ 478 1,237 1,854 1,527 1,644 1,410 1,384 1,239 1,204 1,194 1,123 720 832 663 699 683 Computer and information sciences ....... 2,388 5,652 15,121 32,172 38,878 41,889 39,589 34,523 30,454 27,257 25,083 24,557 24,200 24,200 24,404 24,098 Education ................................................ 176,307 154,437 108,074 92,299 88,072 87,114 86,936 91,112 96,913 105,112 110,807 108,006 107,781 107,600 106,079 105,509 Engineering ............................................. 44,898 38,388 63,287 75,638 77,066 76,225 73,747 69,380 66,099 63,609 61,531 61,206 61,973 62,220 62,342 62,114 Engineering related technologies ........... 5,148 7,943 11,713 18,547 18,762 19,435 19,069 19,126 18,903 17,713 17,119 16,335 16,078 16,005 15,812 15,323 English language and literature/ letters ... 64,342 42,006 32,254 32,834 33,218 34,552 36,284 38,661 42,470 47,519 51,841 54,951 56,133 53,924 51,901 50,698 Foreign languages and literatures .......... 20,536 16,484 11,273 10,384 10,827 10,984 11,034 10,926 11,693 12,386 13,133 13,903 14,387 14,378 13,775 13,952 Health professions and related sciences 25,226 53,958 63,649 64,288 64,422 64,396 63,103 60,644 59,005 58,302 59,070 61,720 67,089 74,421 79,855 84,036 Home economics and vocational home economics ........................................... 11,167 17,409 18,370 15,948 15,157 14,889 14,417 14,320 14,160 14,491 14,892 14,898 15,100 15,522 15,345 15,803 Law and legal studies ............................. 545 531 776 1,272 1,157 1,197 1,178 1,303 1,976 1,592 1,758 2,144 2,056 2,171 2,032 2,052 Liberal arts and sciences,

general studies, and humanities ........ 7,481 18,855 21,643 21,479 21,818 21,336 23,717 24,274 26,388 27,985 30,526 32,174 33,456 33,397 33,356 33,997 Library science ........................................ 1,013 843 375 252 197 155 136 119 121 77 90 97 83 62 50 58 Mathematics ............................................ 24,937 16,329 11,433 13,764 15,861 17,147 16,999 16,608 15,994 15,176 15,310 14,783 14,812 14,396 13,723 13,143 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies .................. 6,286 13,588 12,848 13,940 12,978 13,489 13,933 14,723 15,168 16,267 17,561 20,647 23,955 25,167 26,033 26,515 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ................................................ 1,621 5,182 5,729 4,850 4,725 4,620 4,264 4,235 4,376 4,582 4,315 8,446 9,859 11,470 12,889 13,983 Philosophy and religion .......................... 8,146 8,447 6,776 6,435 6,400 6,239 5,984 5,963 6,425 6,868 7,315 7,526 7,781 7,546 7,276 7,388 Physical sciences and science technologies ....................................... 21,412 21,465 23,952 23,651 23,704 21,717 20,070 17,806 17,186 16,066 16,344 16,960 17,545 18,400 19,177 19,647 Precision production trades ....................       371 553 400 455 481 482 528 460 378 388 420 353 401 Protective services .................................. 2,045 12,507 13,707 12,654 12,510 12,704 12,930 13,367 14,698 15,354 16,806 18,855 20,902 23,009 24,157 24,810 Psychology .............................................. 38,187 50,278 41,068 39,955 39,900 40,628 42,994 45,187 48,910 53,952 58,655 63,513 66,728 69,259 72,083 73,291 Public administration and services ......... 5,466 15,440 16,707 12,570 11,754 11,887 12,328 12,385 13,162 13,908 14,350 15,987 16,775 17,815 18,586 19,849 R. O. T. C. and military technologies ......... 357 952 42 195 299 256 384 82 198 196 183 184 11 19 27 7 Social sciences and history .................... 155,324 126,396 100,513 93,323 91,570 93,840 96,342 100,460 108,151 118,083 125,107 133,974 135,703 133,680 128,154 126,479 Theological studies/ religious vocations .. 3,744 5,520 5,841 5,920 6,047 5,607 5,730 5,565 5,318 5,200 4,813 4,729 5,433 5,434 5,578 5,358 Transportation and material moving workers ............................................... 662 1,282 1,801 1,698 1,962 1,837 1,654 1,983 2,062 2,387 2,622 3,598 3,930 3,923 3,698 3,561 Visual and performing arts ..................... 30,394 42,138 40,479 40,131 38,140 37,241 36,615 36,944 38,227 39,934 42,186 46,522 47,761 49,053 48,690 49,296 Not classified by field of study ................ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,801 2,405 2,713 13,258 6,720 5,247 3,302 1,346 1,756   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991   92. The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS `` Completions'' survey: `` Agriculture and natural resources'' includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; `` Business'' includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and `` Engineering related technologies'' includes Engineering related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 283 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 251.   Master's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by discipline division: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Discipline division 1970   71 1975   76 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total ..................................................... 230,509 311,771 295,739 284,263 286,251 288,567 289,349 299,317 310,621 324,301 337,168 352,838 369,585 387,070 397,629 406,301 Agriculture and natural resources ............ 2,457 3,340 4,003 4,178 3,928 3,801 3,522 3,479 3,245 3,382 3,295 3,735 3,965 4,119 4,252 4,569 Architecture and related programs .......... 1,705 3,215 3,153 3,223 3,275 3,260 3,163 3,159 3,383 3,499 3,490 3,640 3,808 3,943 3,923 3,993 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............ 1,032 995 804 897 904 945 864 911 1,016 1,212 1,263 1,385 1,523 1,633 1,639 1,713 Biological sciences/ life sciences .............. 5,728 6,582 5,978 5,406 5,059 5,013 4,952 4,784 4,961 4,869 4,765 4,785 4,756 5,196 5,393 6,157 Business ................................................... 25,977 42,054 57,391 66,150 66,996 66,689 67,093 69,230 73,065 76,676 78,255 84,642 89,615 93,437 93,809 93,982 Communications ...................................... 1,770 2,961 2,896 3,513 3,460 3,500 3,622 3,678 3,940 4,063 4,123 4,180 4,754 5,005 5,142 5,080 Communications technologies ................. 86 165 209 143 209 323 271 247 317 299 213 284 455 414 467 524 Computer and information sciences ........ 1,588 2,603 4,218 6,190 7,101 8,070 8,481 9,197 9,414 9,677 9,324 9,530 10,163 10,416 10,326 10,151 Education ................................................. 87,666 126,061 96,713 75,664 74,654 74,801 74,045 76,566 81,174 84,881 87,343 92,668 96,028 98,938 101,242 106,253 Engineering .............................................. 16,309 16,014 16,386 20,078 20,905 21,040 22,015 22,627 23,740 23,863 23,962 24,983 27,626 28,621 28,553 27,441 Engineering related technologies ............ 134 328 323 577 650 617 639 758 828 909 996 994 1,100 1,133 1,117 1,125 English language and literature/ letters .... 10,686 8,809 5,929 5,010 5,187 5,518 5,483 5,562 5,950 6,567 7,026 7,450 7,790 7,885 7,845 7,893 Foreign languages and literatures ........... 5,217 4,190 2,690 2,581 2,471 2,494 2,379 2,469 2,595 2,760 2,800 2,926 3,198 3,288 3,136 3,124 Health professions and related sciences 5,749 12,556 16,515 17,411 17,385 18,573 18,394 18,657 19,268 20,321 21,200 23,065 25,718 28,025 31,243 33,398 Home economics and vocational home economics ............................................ 1,452 2,179 2,570 2,416 2,375 2,294 2,064 2,047 2,164 2,100 2,019 2,412 2,479 2,421 2,864 2,917 Law and legal studies .............................. 955 1,442 1,832 1,802 1,796 1,924 1,943 1,880 2,013 1,888 2,057 2,369 2,197 2,432 2,511 2,751 Liberal arts and sciences,

general studies, and humanities ......... 885 2,633 2,375 1,796 1,696 1,586 1,581 1,814 1,850 1,999 2,213 2,394 2,416 2,496 2,565 2,778 Library science ......................................... 7,001 8,037 4,859 3,782 3,870 3,564 3,783 3,674 3,906 4,341 4,763 4,893 4,871 5,116 5,057 5,099 Mathematics ............................................. 5,695 4,315 3,074 3,244 3,413 3,607 3,730 3,867 3,903 4,146 4,041 4,011 4,067 4,100 4,181 4,031 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies ................... 821 1,158 2,144 2,431 2,583 2,625 2,482 2,575 2,762 2,834 1,796 2,126 2,498 2,464 2,457 2,347 Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies ................................................. 218 571 643 603 596 570 560 544 535 529 483 1,358 1,434 1,625 1,755 1,751 Philosophy and religion ............................ 1,326 1,356 1,229 1,153 1,167 1,163 1,109 1,099 1,280 1,306 1,441 1,146 1,425 1,350 1,380 1,302 Physical sciences and science technologies ........................................ 6,367 5,466 5,284 5,576 5,796 5,902 5,629 5,733 5,723 5,449 5,309 5,374 5,366 5,679 5,753 5,847 Precision production trades .....................       0 4 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 2 2 5 8 Protective services ................................... 194 1,197 1,538 1,219 1,235 1,074 1,019 1,024 1,047 1,151 1,108 1,249 1,357 1,437 1,706 1,812 Psychology ............................................... 5,717 10,167 10,223 9,525 9,891 9,845 9,562 9,180 9,940 10,730 11,349 10,215 10,957 12,181 13,921 13,792 Public administration and services .......... 7,785 15,209 17,803 15,060 15,575 15,692 16,432 16,424 17,020 17,399 17,905 19,243 20,634 21,833 23,501 24,229 R. O. T. C. and military technologies .......... 2 0 43 127 119 83 119 49 0 0 0 0 108 124 124 136 Social sciences and history ..................... 16,539 15,953 11,945 10,577 10,503 10,564 10,506 10,412 11,023 11,634 12,233 12,702 13,471 14,561 14,845 15,012 Theological studies/ religious vocations ... 2,710 3,290 4,220 5,211 4,435 4,556 4,966 4,905 4,749 4,959 4,810 5,185 4,985 4,956 5,240 5,107 Transportation and material moving workers ................................................ 63 108 120 194 295 454 433 679 692 538 406 385 495 664 823 919 Visual and performing arts ....................... 6,675 8,817 8,629 8,526 8,718 8,420 8,508 7,939 8,267 8,481 8,657 9,353 9,440 9,925 10,277 10,280 Not classified by field of study ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,144 851 1,836 8,523 4,156 884 1,651 577 780   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991   92. The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS `` Completions'' survey: `` Agriculture and natural resources'' includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; `` Business'' includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and `` Engineering related technologies'' includes Engineering related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 284 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 252.   Doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by discipline division: 1970   71 to 1995   96 Discipline division 1970   71 1975   76 1980   81 1983   84 1984   85 1985   86 1986   87 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Total ..................................................... 32,107 34,064 32,958 33,209 32,943 33,653 34,041 34,870 35,720 38,371 39,294 40,659 42,132 43,185 44,446 44,652 Agriculture and natural resources ............ 1,086 928 1,067 1,172 1,213 1,158 1,049 1,142 1,183 1,295 1,185 1,214 1,173 1,278 1,264 1,271 Architecture and related programs ........... 36 82 93 84 89 73 92 98 86 103 135 132 148 161 141 141 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies ............. 144 188 162 141 140 159 134 142 114 131 167 155 178 155 186 184 Biological sciences/ life sciences .............. 3,645 3,392 3,718 3,437 3,432 3,358 3,419 3,629 3,520 3,844 4,093 4,243 4,435 4,534 4,645 4,780 Business ................................................... 757 900 795 929 831 934 1,062 1,063 1,100 1,093 1,185 1,242 1,346 1,364 1,394 1,368 Communications ....................................... 145 196 171 215 228 212 273 230 247 267 259 252 293 337 320 338 Communications technologies ................. 0 8 11 4 6 11 2 4 6 6 15 3 8 8 1 7 Computer and information sciences ........ 128 244 252 251 248 344 374 428 551 627 676 772 805 810 884 867 Education ................................................. 6,041 7,202 7,279 6,911 6,612 6,605 6,407 6,060 6,337 6,502 6,187 6,864 7,030 6,908 6,905 6,676 Engineering .............................................. 3,637 2,819 2,551 2,979 3,221 3,398 3,801 4,174 4,506 4,967 5,258 5,488 5,823 5,963 6,110 6,369 Engineering related technologies ............. 1 2 10 2 9 12 17 17 17 14 14 11 20 16 18 11 English language and literature/ letters .... 1,650 1,672 1,164 1,018 1,041 991 961 981 1,022 1,078 1,184 1,273 1,341 1,344 1,561 1,535 Foreign languages and literatures ........... 988 1,076 804 659 635 672 661 602 632 724 758 850 830 886 905 876 Health professions and related sciences 466 577 842 1,164 1,199 1,241 1,213 1,261 1,437 1,536 1,613 1,661 1,767 1,902 2,069 2,119 Home economics and vocational home economics ............................................. 123 178 247 277 273 311 296 307 264 301 253 293 345 365 388 414 Law and legal studies .............................. 20 76 60 121 105 54 120 89 76 111 90 68 86 79 88 91 Liberal arts and sciences,

general studies, and humanities ......... 32 162 121 173 112 90 56 66 72 63 70 67 81 80 90 75 Library science ......................................... 39 71 71 74 87 62 57 46 61 42 56 50 77 45 55 53 Mathematics ............................................. 1,249 909 775 743 734 777 759 796 915 966 1,036 1,082 1,189 1,157 1,226 1,209 Multi/ interdisciplinary studies .................... 59 111 158 249 219 263 247 224 212 272 220 231 196 227 238 441 Parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies ................................................. 2 15 42 27 36 39 32 29 35 35 28 61 108 116 149 104 Philosophy and religion ............................ 554 554 410 442 468 477 421 405 465 439 456 475 448 528 507 549 Physical sciences and science technologies ........................................ 4,390 3,431 3,141 3,306 3,403 3,551 3,673 3,809 3,858 4,164 4,290 4,391 4,393 4,650 4,483 4,571 Precision production trades .....................       0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Protective services ................................... 1 9 21 31 33 21 18 32 26 38 28 24 32 25 26 38 Psychology ............................................... 2,144 3,157 3,576 3,535 3,447 3,593 3,560 3,480 3,685 3,811 3,932 3,373 3,651 3,563 3,822 3,711 Public administration and services ........... 174 292 362 420 431 382 398 470 428 508 430 432 459 519 556 499 R. O. T. C. and military technologies .......... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Social sciences and history ..................... 3,660 4,157 3,122 2,911 2,851 2,955 2,916 2,781 2,885 3,010 3,012 3,218 3,460 3,627 3,725 3,760 Theological studies/ religious vocations .... 312 1,033 1,276 1,204 1,144 1,185 1,230 1,199 1,166 1,317 1,079 1,259 1,417 1,448 1,591 1,521 Transportation and material moving workers ................................................ 3 3 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Visual and performing arts ....................... 621 620 654 730 696 722 793 727 753 849 838 906 882 1,054 1,080 1,067 Not classified by field of study ................. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 579 61 258 747 569 111 36 19 7   Data not available or not applicable.

NOTE.   The new Classification of Instructional Programs was initiated in 1991   92. The figures for earlier years have been reclassified when necessary to make them conform to the new taxonomy. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS `` Completions'' survey: `` Agriculture and natural resources'' includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; `` Business'' includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services; and `` Engineering related technologies'' includes Engineering related technologies, Mechanics and repairers, and Construction trades.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey ( HEGIS), `` Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred'' surveys, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System ( IPEDS), `` Completions'' surveys. ( This table was prepared May 1998.) 285 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 253.   Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1995   96 Field of study Bachelor's degrees requiring 4 or 5 years Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All fields ........................................................................................ 1,164,792 522,454 642,338 406,301 179,081 227,220 44,652 26,841 17,811 Agriculture and natural resources, total ................................................ 21,431 13,535 7,896 4,569 2,650 1,919 1,271 935 336 Agricultural business and production, total ...................................... 4,848 3,506 1,342 648 411 237 236 182 54 Agricultural business and management, total .............................. 3,279 2,379 900 501 313 188 193 151 42 Agricultural business and management, general ...................... 870 599 271 49 26 23 0 0 0 Agricultural business/ agribusiness operations .......................... 1,070 784 286 17 10 7 0 0 0 Agricultural economics .............................................................. 1,155 853 302 425 269 156 193 151 42 Agricultural business and management, other ......................... 184 143 41 10 8 2 0 0 0 Agricultural mechanization ............................................................ 245 232 13 3 3 0 2 2 0 Agricultural production workers and managers ............................ 129 98 31 64 52 12 8 7 1 Horticulture service operations and management ........................ 544 396 148 31 17 14 19 11 8 International agriculture ................................................................ 13 7 6 8 3 5 0 0 0 Agricultural business and production, other ................................. 638 394 244 41 23 18 14 11 3 Agricultural sciences, total ................................................................ 7,457 4,256 3,201 1,601 895 706 744 540 204 Agriculture/ agricultural sciences, general ..................................... 1,085 765 320 180 115 65 2 2 0 Animal sciences, total ................................................................... 3,558 1,694 1,864 374 210 164 204 154 50 Animal sciences, general .......................................................... 2,980 1,372 1,608 286 157 129 155 116 39 Agricultural animal breeding and genetics ................................ 37 20 17 7 3 4 11 11 0 Agricultural animal health .......................................................... 7 4 3 2 1 1 0 0 0 Agricultural animal nutrition ....................................................... 0 0 0 10 6 4 8 6 2 Dairy science ............................................................................. 119 72 47 19 13 6 9 6 3 Poultry science .......................................................................... 154 117 37 23 15 8 11 9 2 Animal sciences, other .............................................................. 261 109 152 27 15 12 10 6 4 Food sciences and technology ..................................................... 513 201 312 308 112 196 144 76 68 Plant sciences, total ...................................................................... 1,897 1,356 541 603 380 223 314 248 66 Plant sciences, general ............................................................. 327 218 109 76 51 25 37 21 16 Agronomy and crop science ..................................................... 624 528 96 229 167 62 163 143 20 Horticulture science ................................................................... 634 384 250 156 81 75 66 47 19 Plant breeding and genetics ..................................................... 0 0 0 8 4 4 5 5 0 Agricultural plant pathology ....................................................... 6 4 2 8 4 4 4 3 1 Plant protection ( pest management) ......................................... 37 31 6 16 10 6 2 2 0 Range science and management ............................................. 169 115 54 67 38 29 23 15 8 Plant sciences, other ................................................................. 100 76 24 43 25 18 14 12 2 Soil sciences ................................................................................. 153 93 60 87 60 27 67 52 15 Agriculture/ agricultural sciences, other ......................................... 251 147 104 49 18 31 13 8 5 Conservation and renewable natural resources, total ..................... 9,126 5,773 3,353 2,320 1,344 976 291 213 78 Natural resources conservation, general ...................................... 5,113 2,923 2,190 1,256 661 595 80 56 24 Natural resources management and policy .................................. 463 292 171 223 139 84 4 4 0 Fishing and fisheries sciences and management ........................ 237 176 61 80 56 24 28 23 5 Forest harvesting and production technology/ technician ............. 281 194 87 11 10 1 15 12 3 Forestry, general ........................................................................... 1,389 1,098 291 517 329 188 138 102 36 Wildlife and wildlands management ............................................. 1,158 783 375 179 121 58 18 11 7 Conservation and renewable natural resources, other ................ 485 307 178 54 28 26 8 5 3 Architecture and related programs, total ............................................... 8,352 5,340 3,012 3,993 2,361 1,632 141 96 45 Architecture ................................................................................... 5,054 3,538 1,516 1,988 1,331 657 53 39 14 City/ urban, community, and regional planning ............................. 475 321 154 1,349 730 619 73 51 22 Architectural environmental design ............................................... 614 402 212 63 29 34 2 1 1 Interior architecture ....................................................................... 740 106 634 10 1 9 0 0 0 Landscape architecture ................................................................. 894 615 279 367 163 204 6 3 3 Architectural urban design and planning ...................................... 13 6 7 60 41 19 2 1 1 Architecture and related programs, other ..................................... 562 352 210 156 66 90 5 1 4 Area, ethnic, and cultural studies, total ................................................. 5,786 1,984 3,802 1,713 798 915 184 94 90 Area studies, total ......................................................................... 3,752 1,432 2,320 1,248 594 654 144 71 73 African studies ........................................................................... 35 16 19 13 12 1 4 1 3 American studies/ civilization ..................................................... 1,604 581 1,023 274 93 181 96 39 57 Latin American studies .............................................................. 413 133 280 271 125 146 6 3 3 Middle Eastern studies .............................................................. 84 41 43 90 48 42 18 14 4 Russian and Slavic studies ....................................................... 159 61 98 97 50 47 1 1 0 Asian studies ............................................................................. 836 392 444 294 155 139 15 10 5 European studies ...................................................................... 238 76 162 90 43 47 1 1 0 Area studies, other .................................................................... 383 132 251 119 68 51 3 2 1 Ethnic and cultural studies, total ................................................... 1,574 343 1,231 189 46 143 29 13 16 Afro American ( black) studies ................................................... 606 213 393 68 23 45 11 4 7 Hispanic American studies ........................................................ 187 61 126 20 10 10 0 0 0 Women's studies ....................................................................... 602 9 593 72 3 69 0 0 0 Ethnic studies, other .................................................................. 179 60 119 29 10 19 8 6 2 Area, ethnic and cultural studies, other ........................................ 460 209 251 276 158 118 21 13 8 Biological sciences/ life sciences, total .................................................. 60,994 28,849 32,145 6,157 2,902 3,255 4,780 2,773 2,007 Biology, general ............................................................................ 44,818 20,619 24,199 2,606 1,256 1,350 768 434 334 286 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 253.   Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1995   96   Continued Field of study Bachelor's degrees requiring 4 or 5 years Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Biochemistry and biophysics ........................................................ 3,385 1,928 1,457 319 165 154 626 386 240 Botany, total .................................................................................. 404 182 222 228 118 110 299 181 118 Botany, general ......................................................................... 370 167 203 145 68 77 144 77 67 Plant pathology .......................................................................... 9 7 2 72 44 28 109 76 33 Botany, other ............................................................................. 25 8 17 11 6 5 46 28 18 Cell and molecular biology, total .................................................. 2,103 1,104 999 181 77 104 499 286 213 Cell biology ................................................................................ 234 131 103 40 16 24 152 95 57 Molecular biology ...................................................................... 680 347 333 83 41 42 247 136 111 Cell and molecular biology, other ............................................. 1,189 626 563 58 20 38 100 55 45 Microbiology/ bacteriology .............................................................. 2,130 1,067 1,063 324 143 181 477 260 217 Miscellaneous biological specializations, total .............................. 2,981 1,382 1,599 1,507 587 920 1,083 605 478 Anatomy .................................................................................... 77 45 32 62 33 29 70 37 33 Ecology ...................................................................................... 825 442 383 272 160 112 86 58 28 Marine/ aquatic biology .............................................................. 703 322 381 118 58 60 21 16 5 Neurosciences ........................................................................... 264 139 125 49 32 17 215 133 82 Nutritional sciences ................................................................... 370 77 293 351 33 318 108 36 72 Toxicology ................................................................................. 54 25 29 82 28 54 87 47 40 Genetics, plant and animal ....................................................... 257 121 136 130 45 85 230 129 101 Biometrics .................................................................................. 23 10 13 42 23 19 27 18 9 Miscellaneous specialized areas, other .................................... 408 201 207 401 175 226 239 131 108 Zoology, total ................................................................................ 3,549 1,789 1,760 815 459 356 855 523 332 Zoology, general ........................................................................ 2,903 1,444 1,459 236 128 108 150 102 48 Entomology ................................................................................ 73 50 23 148 87 61 137 100 37 Pathology, human and animal .................................................. 14 2 12 60 31 29 103 58 45 Pharmacology, human and animal ........................................... 72 43 29 84 47 37 252 137 115 Physiology, human and animal ................................................. 487 250 237 287 166 121 212 125 87 Zoology, other ........................................................................... 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Biological sciences/ life sciences, other ........................................ 1,624 778 846 177 97 80 173 98 75 Business management, administrative services and marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, total .................... 227,102 116,842 110,260 93,982 58,685 35,297 1,368 974 394 Business management and administrative services, total ............... 222,405 114,838 107,567 93,320 58,333 34,987 1,367 974 393 Business, general ......................................................................... 22,214 11,696 10,518 10,960 7,114 3,846 207 147 60 Business administration and management, total .......................... 83,953 43,181 40,772 54,945 34,957 19,988 786 569 217 Office supervision and management ........................................ 823 125 698 1 0 1 0 0 0 Operations management and supervision ................................ 1,669 1,149 520 588 451 137 7 7 0 Business administration and management, other ..................... 81,461 41,907 39,554 54,356 34,506 19,850 779 562 217 Accounting .................................................................................... 42,002 18,312 23,690 4,170 2,150 2,020 47 27 20 Secretarial and related programs ................................................. 302 27 275 5 0 5 0 0 0 Business/ managerial economics .................................................. 2,743 1,770 973 196 133 63 54 44 10 Small business management and ownership ............................... 450 298 152 62 44 18 0 0 0 Finance, general and banking and financial support services ..... 20,125 13,436 6,689 5,534 3,893 1,641 45 42 3 Actuarial sciences ......................................................................... 288 184 104 67 44 23 0 0 0 Insurance and risk management .................................................. 481 275 206 76 51 25 7 5 2 Investments and securities and financial planning ....................... 312 191 121 326 224 102 0 0 0 Hospitality services management ................................................. 5,321 2,443 2,878 472 240 232 5 2 3 Human resources management ................................................... 5,715 2,236 3,479 1,787 700 1,087 38 16 22 Labor/ personnel relations and studies .......................................... 876 457 419 740 275 465 26 14 12 Organizational behavior studies ................................................... 1,164 513 651 270 98 172 22 15 7 International business ................................................................... 3,034 1,460 1,574 3,038 1,880 1,158 12 7 5 Business information systems, total ............................................. 6,183 3,791 2,392 2,554 1,725 829 15 13 2 Management information systems and data processing, general .......................................................................................... 5,727 3,471 2,256 1,995 1,360 635 13 11 2 Business information systems, other ........................................ 456 320 136 559 365 194 2 2 0 Quantitative methods and management science, total ................ 1,714 999 715 825 553 272 28 22 6 Business statistics ..................................................................... 13 10 3 18 11 7 5 5 0 Management science, other ...................................................... 1,701 989 712 807 542 265 23 17 6 Marketing management and research .......................................... 20,909 11,107 9,802 2,048 1,141 907 39 25 14 Real estate .................................................................................... 400 279 121 252 196 56 1 1 0 Taxation ........................................................................................ 0 0 0 1,693 947 746 0 0 0 Consumer and personal services ................................................. 256 167 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 Business management and administrative services, other .......... 3,963 2,016 1,947 3,300 1,968 1,332 35 25 10 Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution, total .................... 4,697 2,004 2,693 662 352 310 1 0 1 Apparel and accessories marketing operations ........................... 1,082 53 1,029 0 0 2 1 0 1 Business and personal services marketing operations ................ 344 193 151 15 5 10 0 0 0 General/ retailing and wholesaling operations and skills .............. 2,444 1,249 1,195 486 243 243 0 0 0 Transportation and travel marketing ............................................. 162 46 116 30 8 22 0 0 0 Marketing and distribution, other .................................................. 665 463 202 129 96 33 0 0 0 Communications and communications technologies, total ................... 48,003 19,760 28,243 5,604 2,171 3,433 345 190 155 Communications, total ...................................................................... 47,320 19,391 27,929 5,080 1,900 3,180 338 184 154 Communications, general ............................................................. 22,995 9,134 13,861 1,820 661 1,159 215 115 100 Advertising .................................................................................... 2,538 1,038 1,500 262 92 170 3 2 1 Journalism ..................................................................................... 9,097 3,250 5,847 1,393 505 888 31 15 16 Broadcast journalism .................................................................... 586 255 331 14 5 9 0 0 0 287 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 253.   Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1995   96   Continued Field of study Bachelor's degrees requiring 4 or 5 years Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Public relations and organizational communications .................... 2,215 668 1,547 284 74 210 0 0 0 Radio and television broadcasting ................................................ 5,125 2,843 2,282 318 158 160 17 11 6 Communications, other ................................................................. 4,764 2,203 2,561 989 405 584 72 41 31 Communications technologies, total ................................................. 683 369 314 524 271 253 7 6 1 Photographic technology .............................................................. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 Radio and television technology ................................................... 581 318 263 385 190 195 7 6 1 Communications technologies, other ............................................ 87 46 41 139 81 58 0 0 0 Computer and information sciences, total ............................................ 24,098 17,468 6,630 10,151 7,444 2,707 867 741 126 Computer and information sciences, general ............................... 15,324 11,411 3,913 7,270 5,446 1,824 703 606 97 Computer programming ................................................................ 241 155 86 14 14 0 0 0 0 Data processing technology/ technician ........................................ 177 113 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 Information science and systems ................................................. 4,142 2,603 1,539 1,386 881 505 29 19 10 Computer systems analysis .......................................................... 195 129 66 51 40 11 2 2 0 Computer and information sciences, other ................................... 4,019 3,057 962 1,430 1,063 367 133 114 19 Education, total ...................................................................................... 105,509 26,233 79,276 106,253 25,214 81,039 6,676 2,525 4,151 Education, general ........................................................................ 1,660 338 1,322 11,745 2,836 8,909 1,171 423 748 Bilingual/ bicultural education ........................................................ 89 5 84 356 63 293 25 10 15 Curriculum and instruction ............................................................ 22 15 7 9,773 1,940 7,833 732 210 522 Education administration and supervision, total ........................... 224 41 183 11,609 4,507 7,102 2,281 992 1,289 Education administration and supervision, general .................. 4 1 3 8,135 3,224 4,911 1,629 701 928 Administration of special education .......................................... 0 0 0 17 4 13 9 3 6 Adult and continuing education administration ......................... 2 1 1 240 66 174 66 27 39 Educational supervision ............................................................ 0 0 0 621 168 453 21 5 16 Elementary, middle, and secondary education administration 218 39 179 1,507 634 873 85 33 52 Higher education administration ................................................ 0 0 0 531 205 326 289 138 151 Community and junior college education administration .......... 0 0 0 19 7 12 4 2 2 Education administration and supervision, other ...................... 0 0 0 539 199 340 152 72 80 Educational/ instructional media design ........................................ 25 11 14 1,570 456 1,114 52 28 24 Educational evaluation and research, general ............................. 31 5 26 40 19 21 25 12 13 Educational statistics and research methods ............................... 2 0 2 25 9 16 31 17 14 Educational assessment, testing and measurement .................... 0 0 0 81 10 71 29 12 17 Social and philosophical foundations of education ...................... 5 1 4 213 59 154 101 36 65 Special education, total ............................................................. 10,029 1,022 9,007 11,158 1,532 9,626 193 43 150 Special education, general ........................................................ 6,970 749 6,221 9,196 1,294 7,902 175 40 135 Education of the deaf and hearing impaired ............................. 266 16 250 165 22 143 0 0 0 Education of the gifted and talented ......................................... 6 0 6 146 13 133 0 0 0 Education of the emotionally handicapped ............................... 308 53 255 209 48 161 3 1 2 Education of the mentally handicapped .................................... 528 56 472 80 7 73 0 0 0 Education of the multiple handicapped ..................................... 147 13 134 216 20 196 4 0 4 Education of the physically handicapped .................................. 45 4 41 68 12 56 0 0 0 Education of the blind and visually handicapped ..................... 29 5 24 21 5 16 0 0 0 Education of the specific learning disabled .............................. 635 49 586 548 64 484 2 0 2 Education of the speech impaired ............................................ 807 42 765 219 10 209 0 0 0 Special education, other ............................................................ 288 35 253 290 37 253 9 2 7 Counselor education/ counseling and guidance services ............. 65 11 54 12,807 2,753 10,054 380 135 245 General teacher education, total .................................................. 58,026 7,867 50,159 25,001 4,533 20,468 416 119 297 Adult and continuing education ................................................. 43 19 24 885 242 643 167 58 109 Elementary education ................................................................ 45,578 5,430 40,148 13,682 1,637 12,045 82 7 75 Junior high/ intermediate/ middle school education .................... 1,410 359 1,051 706 132 574 0 0 0 Pre elementary/ early childhood/ kindergarten education ........... 6,422 227 6,195 2,105 54 2,051 28 5 23 Secondary education ................................................................. 3,933 1,729 2,204 4,643 1,750 2,893 57 23 34 Teacher education, general programs, other ............................ 640 103 537 2,980 718 2,262 82 26 56 Teacher education, academic and vocational programs .............. 34,012 16,338 17,674 16,287 5,333 10,954 677 322 355 Agricultural education ( vocational) ............................................ 438 278 160 210 123 87 35 20 15 Art education ............................................................................. 1,686 375 1,311 639 109 530 19 7 12 Business education ( vocational) ............................................... 1,088 304 784 425 132 293 8 4 4 Driver and safety education ...................................................... 70 64 6 28 16 12 1 1 0 English education ...................................................................... 2,640 612 2,028 804 201 603 15 3 12 Foreign languages education .................................................... 311 54 257 348 50 298 13 3 10 Health education ....................................................................... 1,993 505 1,488 749 156 593 56 16 40 Home economics education ( vocational) .................................. 245 4 241 70 2 68 6 0 6 Technology/ industrial arts education ......................................... 1,285 1,114 171 391 275 116 13 8 5 Marketing operations/ marketing and distribution education ..... 71 36 35 7 2 5 0 0 0 Mathematics education ............................................................. 1,712 714 998 819 305 514 38 11 27 Music education ........................................................................ 2,786 1,231 1,555 684 279 405 56 24 32 Physical education and coaching .............................................. 12,139 7,141 4,998 3,109 1,699 1,410 181 108 73 Reading education .................................................................... 179 20 159 3,960 198 3,762 47 12 35 Science education ..................................................................... 1,075 495 580 746 309 437 45 23 22 Social science education ........................................................... 794 429 365 98 53 45 1 1 0 Social studies education ........................................................... 2,053 1,191 862 588 342 246 1 0 1 Technical education ( vocational) ............................................... 178 114 64 398 146 252 30 18 12 Trade and industrial education ( vocational) .............................. 1,049 737 312 380 174 206 74 42 32 Teacher education, academic and vocational programs, other 2,220 920 1,300 1,834 762 1,072 38 21 17 288 HIGHER EDUCATION: DEGREES Table 253.   Bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and field of study: 1995   96   Continued Field of study Bachelor's degrees requiring 4 or 5 years Master's degrees Doctor's degrees ( Ph. D., Ed. D., etc.)