[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 99 (Monday, May 23, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 32241-32249]
[FR Doc No: 2016-12117]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118; FRL-9946-88-OAR]
RIN 2060-AG12

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 31 for
Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Determination of acceptability.

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SUMMARY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This
action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the
refrigeration and air conditioning sector.

DATES: This determination is effective on May 23, 2016.

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 (continuation of Air Docket A-91-42). All
electronic documents in the docket are listed in the index at
www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is
not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI)
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically
at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A-
91-42 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), William J.
Clinton West, Room

3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. The Public
Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public
Reading Room is<PHONE_NUMBER>, and the telephone number for the Air
Docket is<PHONE_NUMBER>.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202)
343-9624, by email at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or by mail at U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries
should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW.,
Washington, DC 20004.
    For more information on the Agency's process for administering the
SNAP program or criteria for the evaluation of substitutes, refer to
the initial SNAP rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March
18, 1994 (59 FR 13044). Notices and rulemakings under the SNAP program,
as well as other EPA publications on protection of stratospheric ozone,
are available at EPA's Ozone Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/ozone-layer-protection including the SNAP portion at www.epa.gov/snap/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
    A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
II. Section 612 Program
    A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program
    B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612
    C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work
    D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes

    This action presents EPA's most recent decision to list as
acceptable several substitutes in the refrigeration and air
conditioning sector. New substitutes are:
     CO2 in several refrigeration and air
conditioning end-uses;
     Hydrofluoroolefin \1\ (HFO)-1336mzz(Z) in several
refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses;
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    \1\ Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons having
at least one double bond.
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     HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/
25.3) (proposed designation R-514A) in two refrigeration and air
conditioning end-uses; and
     R-513A in retail food refrigeration--food processing and
dispensing equipment.
    For copies of the full list of acceptable substitutes for ozone
depleting substances (ODS) in all industrial sectors, visit the SNAP
portion of EPA's Ozone Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-sector. Substitutes listed as unacceptable; acceptable,
subject to narrowed use limits; or acceptable, subject to use
conditions are also listed in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart
G.
    The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail.
Appendix A contains tables summarizing today's listing decisions for
these new substitutes. The statements in the ``Further Information''
column in the tables provide additional information, but are not
legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In
addition, the ``Further Information'' column may not include a
comprehensive list of other legal obligations you may need to meet when
using the substitute. Although you are not required to follow
recommendations in the ``Further Information'' column of the table to
use a substitute consistent with section 612 of the CAA, some of these
statements may refer to obligations that are enforceable or binding
under federal or state programs other than the SNAP program. In many
instances, the information simply refers to standard operating
practices in existing industry standards and/or building codes. When
using these substitutes, EPA strongly encourages you to apply the
information in this column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted,
would not require significant changes to existing operating practices.
    You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this
document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this
action, in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. Carbon Dioxide (R-744)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds carbon dioxide (CO2) acceptable as a
substitute for use in:

 Ice skating rinks (new equipment)
 Centrifugal chillers (new equipment)
 Positive displacement chillers \2\ (new equipment)
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    \2\ Examples of positive displacement chillers include
reciprocating, screw, and scroll chillers. EPA has previously used
those terms in acceptability listings for this end-use.
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 Industrial process air conditioning (new equipment)

    Carbon dioxide is also known as R-744 when used as a refrigerant.
Its Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS Reg. No.) is 124-
38-9.
    You may find the redacted submissions in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-
0118 at www.regulations.gov under the names, ``SNAP Information Notice
for CO2 (R-744) in Ice Skating Rinks'' and ``SNAP
Information Notice for CO2 (R-744) in Chillers and
Industrial Process Air Conditioning.'' EPA performed assessments to
examine the health and environmental risks of this substitute when used
in these end-uses. These assessments are available in Docket EPA-HQ-
OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Ice Skating Rinks Substitute:
Carbon Dioxide (CO2 or R-744)''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Commercial and Industrial Heat
Pumps Substitute: Carbon Dioxide (CO2 or R-744)''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and
Industrial Process Air-Conditioning Substitute: Carbon Dioxide
(CO2 or R-744)''

    EPA previously listed CO2 as an acceptable refrigerant
in a number of other refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses,
including industrial process refrigeration, and in the case of motor
vehicle air conditioning as acceptable subject to use conditions,
(e.g., January 13, 1995, 60 FR 3318; September 30, 2009, 74 FR 50129;
June 16, 2010, 75 FR 34017; June 6, 2012, 77 FR 33315; August 10, 2012,
77 FR 47768; October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62863).
    Environmental information: CO2 has an ozone depletion
potential (ODP) of zero.\3\ The 100-year global warming potential (GWP)
of CO2 is one.\4\
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    \3\ EPA assumes that compounds containing no chlorine, bromine,
or iodine have an ODP of zero.
    \4\ Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are 100-
year values from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical
Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth
Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
[Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt,
K.B., Tignor M., and Miller, H.L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This
document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/
en/contents.html.
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    EPA's regulation codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart F exempts
CO2 refrigerant from the venting prohibition under section
608(c)(2) of the CAA (March 12, 2004, 69 FR 11946).\5\ The CAA and
EPA's venting regulations prohibit the intentional venting or release
of substitutes for class I or class II ODS during the repair,
maintenance, service or disposal of refrigeration and

air conditioning appliances, unless EPA expressly exempts a particular
substitute refrigerant from the venting prohibition, as for
CO2.
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    \5\ For more information, including definitions, see 40 CFR part
82 subpart F.
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    CO2 is excluded from the definition of volatile organic
compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing
the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain and
maintain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).
    Flammability information: CO2 is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute at lower concentrations include loss of concentration,
headache and shortness of breath. The substitute may also irritate the
skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high concentrations,
it may cause central nervous system depression. The substitute could
cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a confined space.
For additional information concerning potential health risks of
CO2, see EPA's final rule under the SNAP program for use of
CO2 as a refrigerant in motor vehicle air conditioning
systems (June 6, 2012, 77 FR 33315) and EPA's risk screens in docket
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118.
    To mitigate these potential health risks in the workplace,
CO2 has an 8 hour/day, 40 hour/week permissible exposure
limit (PEL) of 5,000 ppm required by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA). It also has a 15-minute recommended short-term
exposure limit (STEL) of 30,000 ppm established by the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). EPA recommends
that users follow all requirements and recommendations specified in the
manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS), in the American Society for
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry. We also recommend that users of
CO2 adhere to NIOSH's STEL and to ASHRAE 15, and we expect
that users will meet OSHA's PEL. EPA anticipates that users will be
able to address potential health risks by complying with the PEL and by
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS, in ASHRAE 15,
and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air
conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: CO2
has an ODP of zero, comparable \6\ to or lower than other substitutes
listed as acceptable in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero to
0.098.
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    \6\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22 with an ODP of 0.055. Throughout
this document, ODP values cited for class I and class II ODS are
from EPA's regulations at appendix A to subpart A of 40 CFR part 82.
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    In ice skating rinks, many substitutes listed as acceptable have
higher GWPs than the GWP of one for CO2. HFC-134a, R-404A,
THR-03 and other HFC blends have GWPs ranging from 920 to 3,990; other
substitutes listed as acceptable for ice skating rinks that have a
comparable or lower GWP include ammonia absorption and ammonia vapor
compression with a GWP of zero.
    In centrifugal and positive displacement chillers, most other
substitutes listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than CO2,
such as R-450A, R-513A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends, with
GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990.\7\ CO2's GWP
of one is comparable to or lower than that of several other acceptable
substitutes for new equipment within these end-uses including ammonia
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene,
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
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    \7\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809),
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new centrifugal chillers and
in new positive displacement chillers. Those substitutes had GWPs
ranging from 920 to 3,990 in both end-uses. If EPA takes final
action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes that
remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than CO2,
including HFO-1234ze(E), IKON B, R-450A, R-513A, and THR-02 for both
end-uses, and for centrifugal chillers also IKON A and trans-1-
chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with GWPs ranging from
approximately 30 to 630.
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    In industrial process air conditioning, most other substitutes
listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than CO2, such as R-
513A, R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging
from approximately 600 to 3,990. CO2's GWP of one is
comparable to or lower than several other acceptable substitutes for
new equipment in industrial process air conditioning including ammonia
absorption and ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero and HFO-
1234ze(E) with a GWP of one to six.
    Flammability and toxicity risks of this substitute are comparable
to or lower than the flammability and toxicity risks of other available
substitutes in the same end-uses. Flammability risks are low, as
discussed above. The toxicity risks are similar to those for many other
refrigerants and, as with those other refrigerants, can be minimized by
use consistent with the OSHA PEL, NIOSH STEL, ASHRAE 15 and other
industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety
precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    EPA finds CO2 acceptable in these end-uses listed above,
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by
CO2 is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other
available substitutes in the same end-uses.
2. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Opteon[supreg] MZ)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute
for use in:

 Centrifugal chillers (new equipment)
 Positive displacement chillers (new equipment)
 Industrial process air conditioning (new equipment)
 Non-mechanical heat transfer (new and retrofit equipment)

    HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene
and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-9), and
goes by the trade name of Opteon[supreg] MZ.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Opteon[supreg] MZ.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the health
and environmental risks of this substitute in these end-uses. These
assessments are available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the
following name:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and
Industrial Process Air Conditioning Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(Z)
(Opteon[supreg] MZ).''
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Heat Transfer
Substitute: HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Opteon[supreg] MZ).''
    We have previously listed HFO-1336mzz(Z) as an acceptable foam
blowing agent in a number of foam blowing end-uses (October 21, 2014,
79 FR 62863; July 16, 2015, 80 FR 42053).
    Environmental information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It
has a 100-year GWP of about nine.\8\ HFO-1336mzz(Z) is a VOC and it is
not exempted from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40
CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and
maintain the NAAQS. The manufacturer has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO-
1336mzz(Z) from the definition of VOC under those regulations, based on
its

claim that the chemical exhibits low photochemical reactivity.
Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant is limited by the
venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40
CFR 82.154(a)(1).
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    \8\ Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Burkholder, J.B.,
Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH[boxH]CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction
Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal of Physical
Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539-10,549, 2011.
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    Flammability information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this
substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently
high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space. EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule under the Toxic
Substances Control Act on June 5, 2015, to require persons to submit a
Significant New Use Notice to EPA at least 90 days before they
manufacture or process HFO-1336mzz(Z) for uses other than those
described in the Premanufacture Notice (80 FR 32003, 32005).
    EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) will be used consistent with
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The Workplace Environmental
Exposure Limit (WEEL) committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk
Science (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-
hour time-weighted average (TWA).\9\ EPA anticipates that users will be
able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by following
requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety
precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
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    \9\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
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    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HFO-1336mzz(Z)
has an ODP of zero, comparable \10\ to or lower than other acceptable
substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from 0 to 0.02.
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    \10\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11, CFC-12 and
HCFC-22 have ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
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    In centrifugal and positive displacement chillers, most other
substitutes listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z),
such as R-450A, R-513A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs
ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990.\11\ HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of
about nine is comparable to or higher than several other acceptable
substitutes for new equipment within these end-uses including ammonia
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene,
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
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    \11\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809),
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new centrifugal chillers and
in new positive displacement chillers. Those substitutes had GWPs
ranging from 920 to 3,990 in both end-uses. If EPA takes final
action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes that
remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z),
including IKON B, R-450A, R-513A, and THR-02 for both end-uses, and
for centrifugal chillers also IKON A, with GWPs ranging from
approximately 30 to 630.
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    In industrial process air conditioning, most other substitutes
listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z), such as R-
513A, R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging
from approximately 600 to 3,990. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about nine is
comparable to or higher than several other acceptable substitutes for
new equipment in industrial process air conditioning including ammonia
absorption and ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero and HFO-
1234ze(E) with a GWP of one to six.
    In non-mechanical heat transfer, most other substitutes listed as
acceptable have higher GWPs such as HFC-245fa, HFC-134a and HFC-125
with GWPs ranging from 1,030 to 3,500. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about
nine is comparable to or higher than those of several other acceptable
substitutes in the same end-use, such as trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-
trifluoroprop-1-ene, HFO-1234ze(E), CO2 and ethane, with
GWPs in the range of one to seven.
    Flammability and toxicity risks of this substitute are comparable
to or lower than the flammability and toxicity risks of other available
substitutes in the same end-uses. Flammability risks are low, as
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the OARS WEEL, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations
in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration
and air conditioning industry.
    EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable in the end-uses listed above,
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other
available substitutes in the same end-uses.
3. HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3)
(Proposed R-514A, Opteon[supreg] XP30)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds the blend HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene (74.7/25.3) acceptable as a substitute for use in:
     Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit equipment)
     Positive-displacement chillers (new and retrofit
equipment)
    This refrigerant is a weighted blend of 74.7 percent HFO-1336mzz(Z)
and 25.3 percent trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (CAS Reg. No. 156-60-5).
ASHRAE has proposed a designation of R-514A for this refrigerant blend.
This blend is marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP30.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Opteon[supreg] XP30.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the health
and environmental risks of this substitute in this end-use. These
assessments are available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the
following name:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Chillers Substitute: HFO-
1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene Blend (74.7/25.3) (Opteon[supreg]
XP30).''

    Environmental information: Environmental information on HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is described above in listing A.2 of this document. Trans-
1,2-dichloroethylene has an ODP of approximately 0.00024 \12\ and the
blend would have a weighted ODP value of (approximately 0.00006). We
are unaware of a calculated GWP value for trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in
the peer-reviewed literature, but we expect its GWP is less than five
based on its structure and its atmospheric lifetime of 12.7 days.\13\
The blend is expected to have a weighted 100-year GWP of approximately
seven. Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene is a VOC and it is not exempted from
the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS.
Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant is limited by the
venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40
CFR 82.154(a)(1).
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    \12\ Patten and Wuebbles, 2010. ``Atmospheric Lifetimes and
Ozone Depletion Potentials of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-
trichloropropylene and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene in a three-
dimensional model.'' Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 10867-10874, 2010.
    \13\ Patten and Wuebbles, 2010. Op cit.
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    Flammability information: Although the trans-dichloroethylene
component of this blend is flammable, HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable,
and HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) as
formulated and in the worst-case fractionation formulation is not
flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of HFO-
1336mzz(Z)/trans-

1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) include skin or eye irritation
or frostbite. At sufficiently high concentrations, the substitute may
cause irregular heartbeat. The substitute could cause asphyxiation if
air is displaced by vapors in a confined space.
    EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene
blend (74.7/25.3) will be used consistent with the recommendations
specified in the SDS. Trans-dichloroethylene has an 8 hour/day, 40
hour/week PEL of 200 ppm required by OSHA. The WEEL committee of OARS
recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for
HFO-1336mzz(Z).\14\ The manufacturer recommends an acceptable exposure
limit (AEL) for the blend of 323 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA anticipates
that users will be able to meet the PEL, WEEL, and the AEL and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the SDS and other safety precautions common to the refrigeration and
air conditioning industry.
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    \14\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
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    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: HFO-1336mzz(Z)/
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3) has an ODP of
approximately 0.00006, comparable \15\ to or lower than other
acceptable substitutes in these end-uses, with ODPs ranging from zero
to 0.02.
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    \15\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11, CFC-12, and
HCFC-22 have ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.
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    In centrifugal and positive-displacement chillers, most other
substitutes listed as acceptable have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z)/
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3), such as R-450A, R-513A,
HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from
approximately 600 to 3,990.\16\ HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3)'s GWP of about seven is comparable
to or higher than several other acceptable substitutes for new
equipment within these end-uses, including ammonia absorption and
ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E) and, for centrifugal chillers
only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with GWPs in the range
of zero to seven.
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    \16\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809),
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new centrifugal chillers and
in new positive displacement chillers. Those substitutes had GWPs
ranging from 920 to 3,990 in both end-uses. If EPA takes final
action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes that
remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than HFO-1336mzz(Z)/
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/25.3), including IKON B, R-
450A, R-513A, and THR-02 for both end-uses, and for centrifugal
chillers also IKON A, with GWPs ranging from approximately 30 to
630.
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    Flammability and toxicity risks of this substitute are comparable
to or lower than the flammability and toxicity risks of other available
substitutes in the same end-uses. Flammability risks are low, as
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with
the OSHA PEL, OARS WEEL, the manufacturer's recommended AEL, ASHRAE 15
and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other
safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry.
    EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-dichloroethylene blend (74.7/
25.3) acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the overall
environmental and human health risk posed by this substitute is lower
than or comparable to the risks posed by other available substitutes in
the same end-uses.
4. R-513A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-513A acceptable as a substitute for use
in:

 Retail food refrigeration--refrigerated food processing and
dispensing equipment (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-513A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP10, is a
weighted blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 56 percent HFO-1234yf,
which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-
12-1).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for
Opteon[supreg] XP 10.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the health
and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments are
available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following name:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food
Refrigeration Substitute: R-513A''

    Environmental information: R-513A has an ODP of zero. Its
components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs of 1,430 and one to
four,\17\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass
percentage, then R-513A has a GWP of about 630. The components of R-
513A are both excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations
(see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and
maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant
blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-513A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a
confined space.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-
hour TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively, the components of
R-513A. The manufacturer of R-513A recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an
8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, and address
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: R-513A has an ODP
of zero, comparable \18\ to or lower than other listed substitutes in
this end-use, with ODPs ranging from zero to 0.098.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than most other
substitutes in retail food refrigeration--refrigerated food processing
and dispensing, including R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, R-407C, and a
number of HFC blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to
3,920.\19\ R-513A's GWP of about 630 is higher than those of some other
acceptable substitutes in new retail food refrigeration--refrigerated
food processing and dispensing units, including ammonia vapor
compression with a secondary

loop and CO2 with GWPs of zero and one, respectively; these
alternatives with lower GWP are not listed as acceptable for use in
retrofit equipment.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ In a proposed rule published April 18, 2016 (81 FR 22809),
EPA proposed to change the status of a number of substitutes from
acceptable to unacceptable for use in new retail food
refrigeration--refrigerated food processing and dispensing units.
Those substitutes had GWPs ranging from 1,770 to 3,990. If EPA takes
final action as proposed, there would still be several substitutes
that remain acceptable and that have higher GWPs than R-513A,
including FOR12A, FOR12B, HFC-134a, R-426A, RS-24 (2002
formulation), SP34E, THR-02 and THR-03, with GWPs ranging from
approximately 920 to 1,510.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability and toxicity risks are comparable to or lower than
flammability and toxicity risks of other available substitutes in the
same end-use. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity
risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15
and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other
safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning
industry.
    EPA finds R-513A acceptable in the end-use listed above, because
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-513A is
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other available
substitutes in the same end-use.

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program

    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to develop a program for
evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers to
this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program.
The major provisions of section 612 are:
1. Rulemaking
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate rules making it unlawful
to replace any class I substance (CFC, halon, carbon tetrachloride,
methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbon, and
chlorobromomethane) or class II substance (HCFC) with any substitute
that the Administrator determines may present adverse effects to human
health or the environment where the Administrator has identified an
alternative that (1) reduces the overall risk to human health and the
environment, and (2) is currently or potentially available.
2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes
unacceptable for specific uses and to publish a corresponding list of
acceptable alternatives for specific uses. The list of ``acceptable''
substitutes is found at www.epa.gov/snap/substitutes-sector and the
lists of ``unacceptable,'' ``acceptable subject to use conditions,''
and ``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits'' substitutes are found
in the appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G.
3. Petition Process
    Section 612(d) grants the right to any person to petition EPA to
add a substance to, or delete a substance from, the lists published in
accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days to grant or deny
a petition. Where the Agency grants the petition, EPA must publish the
revised lists within an additional six months.
4. 90-Day Notification
    Section 612(e) directs EPA to require any person who produces a
chemical substitute for a class I substance to notify the Agency not
less than 90 days before new or existing chemicals are introduced into
interstate commerce for significant new uses as substitutes for a class
I substance. The producer must also provide the Agency with the
producer's unpublished health and safety studies on such substitutes.
5. Outreach
    Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator shall seek to
maximize the use of federal research facilities and resources to assist
users of class I and II substances in identifying and developing
alternatives to the use of such substances in key commercial
applications.
6. Clearinghouse
    Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to set up a public
clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product substitutes, and
alternative manufacturing processes that are available for products and
manufacturing processes which use class I and II substances.

B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612

    On March 18, 1994, EPA published the initial SNAP rule (59 FR
13044) which established the process for administering the SNAP program
and issued EPA's first lists identifying acceptable and unacceptable
substitutes in the major industrial use sectors (subpart G of 40 CFR
part 82). These sectors are the following: Refrigeration and air
conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors comprise the principal
industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of
ODS.
    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to list as acceptable those
substitutes that do not present a significantly greater risk to human
health and the environment as compared with other substitutes that are
currently or potentially available.

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work

    Under the SNAP regulations, anyone who plans to market or produce a
substitute to replace a class I substance or class II substance in one
of the eight major industrial use sectors must provide the Agency with
notice and the required health and safety information on the substitute
at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate commerce for
significant new use as an alternative (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this
requirement typically applies to chemical manufacturers as the entity
likely to be planning to introduce the substitute into interstate
commerce,\20\ it may also apply to importers, formulators, equipment
manufacturers, and end users \21\ when they are responsible for
introducing a substitute into commerce. The 90-day SNAP review process
begins once EPA receives the submission and determines that the
submission includes complete and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). The
CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a
substitute earlier than 90 days after notice has been provided to the
agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ``interstate commerce'' means
the distribution or transportation of any product between one state,
territory, possession or the District of Columbia, and another
state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, or the
sale, use or manufacture of any product in more than one state,
territory, possession or District of Columbia. The entry points for
which a product is introduced into interstate commerce are the
release of a product from the facility in which the product was
manufactured, the entry into a warehouse from which the domestic
manufacturer releases the product for sale or distribution, and at
the site of United States Customs clearance.
    \21\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``end-use'' means processes or
classes of specific applications within major industrial sectors
where a substitute is used to replace an ODS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency has identified four possible decision categories for
substitute submissions: Acceptable; acceptable subject to use
conditions; acceptable subject to narrowed use limits; and unacceptable
(40 CFR 82.180(b)).\22\ Use conditions and narrowed use limits are both
considered ``use restrictions'' and are explained below. Substitutes
that are deemed acceptable without use conditions may be used for all
applications within the relevant end-uses within the sector and without
limits under SNAP on how they may be used. Substitutes that are
acceptable subject to use restrictions may be used only in accordance
with those restrictions. Substitutes that are

found to be unacceptable may not be used after the date specified in
the rulemaking adding such substitute to the list of unacceptable
substitutes.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ The SNAP regulations also include ``pending,'' referring to
submissions for which EPA has not reached a determination, under
this provision.
    \23\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``use'' means any use of a
substitute for a Class I or Class II ozone-depleting compound,
including but not limited to use in a manufacturing process or
product, in consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate uses,
such as formulation or packaging for other subsequent uses. This
definition of use encompasses manufacturing process of products both
for domestic use and for export. Substitutes manufactured within the
United States exclusively for export are subject to SNAP
requirements since the definition of use in the rule includes use in
the manufacturing process, which occurs within the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After reviewing a substitute, the Agency may make a determination
that a substitute is acceptable only if certain conditions in the way
that the substitute is used are met to minimize risks to human health
and the environment. EPA describes such substitutes as ``acceptable
subject to use conditions.'' Entities that use these substitutes
without meeting the associated use conditions are in violation of EPA's
SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
    For some substitutes, the Agency may permit a narrowed range of use
within an end-use or sector. For example, the Agency may limit the use
of a substitute to certain end-uses or specific applications within an
industry sector. The Agency generally requires a user of a substitute
subject to narrowed use limits to demonstrate that no other acceptable
substitutes are available for their specific application.\24\ EPA
describes these substitutes as ``acceptable subject to narrowed use
limits.'' A person using a substitute that is acceptable subject to
narrowed use limits in applications and end-uses that are not
consistent with the narrowed use limit is using the substitute in
violation of section 612 of the CAA and EPA's SNAP regulations (40 CFR
82.174(c)).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ In the case of the July 20, 2015, final rule, EPA
established narrowed use limits for certain substitutes over a
limited period of time for specific MVAC and foam applications, on
the basis that other acceptable alternatives would not be available
for those specific applications within broader end-uses, but
acceptable alternatives were expected to become available over time,
e.g., after military qualification testing for foam blowing agents
in military applications or after development of improved servicing
infrastructure in a destination country for MVAC in vehicles
destined for export.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The section 612 mandate for EPA to prohibit the use of a substitute
that may present risk to human health or the environment where a lower
risk alternative is available or potentially available \25\ provides
EPA with the authority to change the listing status of a particular
substitute if such a change is justified by new information or changed
circumstance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ In addition to acceptable commercially available
substitutes, the SNAP program may consider potentially available
substitutes. The SNAP program's definition of ``potentially
available'' is ``any alternative for which adequate health, safety,
and environmental data, as required for the SNAP notification
process, exist to make a determination of acceptability, and which
the agency reasonably believes to be technically feasible, even if
not all testing has yet been completed and the alternative is not
yet produced or sold.'' (40 CFR 82.172).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As described in this document and elsewhere, including the initial
SNAP rule published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 13044 on March 18,
1994, the SNAP program evaluates substitutes within a comparative risk
framework. The SNAP program compares new substitutes both to the ozone-
depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, and to other
available or potentially available alternatives for the same end-uses.
The environmental and health risk factors that the SNAP program
considers include ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity,
occupational and consumer health and safety, as well as contributions
to global warming and other environmental factors. Environmental and
human health exposures can vary significantly depending on the
particular application of a substitute--and over time, information
applicable to a substitute can change. This approach does not imply
fundamental tradeoffs with respect to different types of risk, either
to the environment or to human health. Over the past twenty years, the
menu of substitutes has become much broader and a great deal of new
information has been developed on many substitutes. Because the overall
goal of the SNAP program is to ensure that substitutes listed as
acceptable do not pose significantly greater risk to human health and
the environment than other available substitutes, the SNAP criteria
should be informed by our current overall understanding of
environmental and human health impacts and our experience with and
current knowledge about available and potentially available
substitutes. Over time, the range of substitutes reviewed by SNAP has
changed, and, at the same time, scientific approaches have evolved to
more accurately assess the potential environmental and human health
impacts of these chemicals and alternative technologies. The Agency
publishes its SNAP program decisions in the Federal Register. EPA uses
notice-and-comment rulemaking to place any alternative on the list of
prohibited substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only subject
to use conditions or narrowed use limits, or to remove a substitute
from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.
    In contrast, EPA publishes ``notices of acceptability'' or
``determinations of acceptability,'' to notify the public of
substitutes that are deemed acceptable with no restrictions. As
described in the preamble to the rule initially implementing the SNAP
program (59 FR 13044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that
rulemaking procedures are necessary to list alternatives that are
acceptable without restrictions because such listings neither impose
any sanction nor prevent anyone from using a substitute.
    Many SNAP listings include ``comments'' or ``further information''
to provide additional information on substitutes. Since this additional
information is not part of the regulatory decision, these statements
are not binding for use of the substitute under the SNAP program.
However, regulatory requirements so listed are binding under other
regulatory programs (e.g., worker protection regulations promulgated by
OSHA). The ``further information'' classification does not necessarily
include all other legal obligations pertaining to the use of the
substitute. While the items listed are not legally binding under the
SNAP program, EPA encourages users of substitutes to apply all
statements in the ``further information'' column in their use of these
substitutes. In many instances, the information simply refers to sound
operating practices that have already been identified in existing
industry and/or building codes or standards. Thus many of the
statements, if adopted, would not require the affected user to make
significant changes in existing operating practices.

D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program

    For copies of the comprehensive SNAP lists of substitutes or
additional information on SNAP, refer to EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site
at: www.epa.gov/snap. For more information on the agency's process for
administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation of
substitutes, refer to the initial SNAP rulemaking published March 18,
1994 (59 FR 13044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. SNAP
decisions and the appropriate Federal Register citations are found at:
www.epa.gov/snap/snap-regulations.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: May 17, 2016.
Sarah Dunham,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

                                       Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               End-use                       Substitute              Decision          Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Centrifugal chillers (new only).....  Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ozone depletion
                                       R-744).                                        potential (ODP) and a
                                                                                global warming potential
                                                                                (GWP) of 1.
                                                                                The Occupational Safety and
                                                                                Health Administration
                                                                                (OSHA) has established a
                                                                                required 8-hour (8-hr)
                                                                                time-weighted average
                                                                                (TWA) permissible exposure
                                                                                limit (PEL) for CO2 of
                                                                                5,000 ppm. The National
                                                                                Institute for Occupational
                                                                                Safety and Health (NIOSH)
                                                                                has established a 15-
                                                                                minute recommended short-
                                                                                term exposure limit (STEL)
                                                                                of 30,000 ppm.
                                                                                CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                EPA recommends that users
                                                                                follow all requirements
                                                                                and recommendations
                                                                                specified in American
                                                                                Society for Heating,
                                                                                Refrigerating and Air-
                                                                                Conditioning Engineers
                                                                                (ASHRAE) standard 15.
                                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
                                       1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                roughly 9.
                                                                                This compound is
                                                                                nonflammable.
                                                                                The Occupational Alliance
                                                                                for Risk Science (OARS)
                                                                                recommends a Workplace
                                                                                Environmental Exposure
                                                                                Limit (WEEL) of 500 ppm (8-
                                                                                hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z).
Centrifugal chillers (new and         HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-    Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
 retrofit equipment).                  1,2-dichloroethylene                           dichloroethylene blend
                                       blend (74.7/25.3)                              (74.7/25.3) has an ODP
                                       (proposed R-514A).                             value of approximately
                                                                                0.00006 and an estimated
                                                                                100-year GWP of
                                                                                approximately 7. This
                                                                                substitute is a blend of
                                                                                74.7 percent HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z), also known as
                                                                                (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-
                                                                                but-2-ene and cis-
                                                                                1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-
                                                                                2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-
                                                                                9), and 25.3 percent trans-
                                                                                1,2-dichloroethylene (CAS
                                                                                Reg. No. 156-60-5).
                                                                                The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                hr TWA PEL of 200 ppm for
                                                                                trans-dichloroethylene.
                                                                                OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z). The
                                                                                manufacturer recommends an
                                                                                acceptable exposure limit
                                                                                (AEL) for the workplace
                                                                                for HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-
                                                                                1,2-dichloroethylene blend
                                                                                (74.7/25.3) of 323 ppm (8-
                                                                                hr TWA).
Heat transfer (new and retrofit       HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
 equipment).                           1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                roughly 9.
                                                                                This compound is
                                                                                nonflammable.
                                                                                OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z).
Ice skating rinks (new only)........  Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ODP and a GWP of
                                       R-744).                                        1.
                                                                                OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                hr TWA PEL for CO2 of
                                                                                5,000 ppm. NIOSH has
                                                                                established a 15-minute
                                                                                TWA recommended STEL of
                                                                                30,000 ppm.
                                                                                CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                EPA recommends that users
                                                                                follow all requirements
                                                                                and recommendations
                                                                                specified in ASHRAE
                                                                                standard 15.
Industrial process air conditioning   Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ODP and a GWP of
 (new only).                           R-744).                                        1.
                                                                                OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                hr TWA PEL for CO2 of
                                                                                5,000 ppm. NIOSH has
                                                                                established a 15-minute
                                                                                TWA recommended STEL of
                                                                                30,000 ppm.
                                                                                CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                EPA recommends that users
                                                                                follow all requirements
                                                                                and recommendations
                                                                                specified in ASHRAE
                                                                                standard 15.
                                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
                                       1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                roughly 9.
                                                                                This compound is
                                                                                nonflammable.
                                                                                OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z).
Positive displacement chillers (new   Carbon dioxide (CO2 or   Acceptable..........  CO2 has no ODP and a GWP of
 only).                                R-744).                                        1.

                                                                                OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                hr TWA PEL for CO2 of
                                                                                5,000 ppm. NIOSH has
                                                                                established a 15-minute
                                                                                TWA recommended STEL of
                                                                                30,000 ppm.
                                                                                CO2 is nonflammable.
                                                                                EPA recommends that users
                                                                                follow all requirements
                                                                                and recommendations
                                                                                specified in ASHRAE
                                                                                standard 15.
                                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-     Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg.
                                       1,1,1,4,4,4-                                   No. 692-49-9) has no ODP
                                       hexafluorobut-2-ene).                          and a 100-year GWP of
                                                                                roughly 9.
                                                                                This compound is
                                                                                nonflammable.
                                                                                OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z).
Positive displacement chillers (new   HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-    Acceptable..........  HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-1,2-
 and retrofit equipment).              1,2-dichloroethylene                           dichloroethylene blend
                                       blend (74.7/25.3)                              (74.7/25.3) has an ODP
                                       (proposed R-514A).                             value of approximately
                                                                                0.00006 and an estimated
                                                                                100-year GWP of
                                                                                approximately 7. This
                                                                                substitute is a blend of
                                                                                74.7 percent HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z), also known as
                                                                                (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-
                                                                                but-2-ene and cis-
                                                                                1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-
                                                                                2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-
                                                                                9), and 25.3 percent trans-
                                                                                1,2-dichloroethylene (CAS
                                                                                Reg. No. 156-60-5).
                                                                                The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                OSHA has established an 8-
                                                                                hr TWA PEL of 200 ppm for
                                                                                trans-dichloroethylene.
                                                                                OARS recommends a WEEL of
                                                                                500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFO-
                                                                                1336mzz(Z). The
                                                                                manufacturer recommends an
                                                                                AEL for the workplace for
                                                                                the HFO-1336mzz(Z)/trans-
                                                                                1,2-dichloroethylene blend
                                                                                (74.7/25.3) of 323 ppm (8-
                                                                                hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new and    R-513A.................  Acceptable..........  R-513A has no ODP and a 100-
 retrofit refrigerated food                                                           year GWP of approximately
 processing and dispensing                                                            630. This substitute is a
 equipment).                                                                          blend of HFC-134a, which
                                                                                is also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                                tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                                Reg. No. 811-97-2); and
                                                                                HFO-1234yf, which is also
                                                                                known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                                tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS
                                                                                Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                                This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                The AIHA has established
                                                                                WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500
                                                                                ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-
                                                                                134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                                respectively. The
                                                                                manufacturer recommends an
                                                                                AEL for the workplace for
                                                                                R-513A of 653 ppm (8-hr
                                                                                TWA).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.

[FR Doc. 2016-12117 Filed 5-20-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P