S<IP_ADDRESS> Optical axis marking-visual/optical aim headlamp. There
must be a mark or markings identifying the optical axis of the headlamp
visible from the front of the headlamp when installed on the vehicle,
to assure proper horizontal and vertical alignment of the aiming screen
or optical aiming equipment with the headlamp being aimed. The
manufacturer is free to choose the design of the mark or markings. The
mark or markings may be on the interior or exterior of the lens or
indicated by a mark or central structure on the interior or exterior of
the headlamp.
    S10.18.6 Moveable reflectors. Each headlamp aimed by moving the
reflector relative to the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa,
must conform with the photometric requirements applicable to it when
tested according to the procedure of S14.2.5 with the lens at any
position relative to the reflector within the full range of vertical
pitch on the vehicle on which the headlamp system is installed and a
horizontal range of  2.5[deg]. Additionally it must comply
with the aiming adjustment requirements of S14.6.
    S10.18.7 External aiming. Each headlighting system that is capable
of being mechanically aimed by externally applied headlamp aiming
devices must be mechanically aimable using the equipment specified in
SAE J602 Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam
Headlamp Units, October 1980, (incorporated by reference, see 571.108
S5.2 of this title) without the removal of any ornamental trim rings,
covers, wipers or other vehicle parts.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Headlamp aiming device locating plates. Each
headlighting system which is designed to use the Headlamp Aiming Device
Locating Plates with adjustable legs for the 100x165 mm unit and the
142x200 mm unit, and which has adjustable length legs, must meet the
following requirements:
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The lens must have three aiming pads which meet the
requirements of Figure 4, Dimensional Specifications for Location of
Aiming Pads on Replaceable Bulb Headlamp Units. The aiming pads need
not be centered at the geometric center of the lens, or on the optical
axis. Except as provided in S<IP_ADDRESS>.2, a whole number, which
represents the distance in tenths of an inch (i.e. 0.3 inch = 3) from
the aiming reference plane to the respective aiming pads which are not
in contact with that plane, must be inscribed adjacent to each
respective aiming pad on the lens. The height of these numbers must be
not less than .157 inch (4 mm). If there is interference between the
plane and the area of the lens between the aiming pads, the whole
number represents the distance to a secondary plane. The secondary
plane must be located parallel to the aiming reference plane and as
close to the lens as possible without causing interference.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 If the most forward aiming pad is the lower inboard
aiming pad, then the dimensions may be placed anywhere on the lens. The
dimension for the outboard aiming pad (Dimension F in Figure 4) must be
followed by the letter ``H'' and the dimension for the center aiming
pad must be followed by the letter ``V.'' The dimensions must be
expressed in tenths of an inch.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Nonadjustable headlamp aiming device locating plates.
Each headlamp may be designed to use the nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming
Device Locating Plate for the 100x165 mm unit, the 142x200 mm unit, the
146 mm diameter unit, or the 178 mm diameter unit of SAE J602 OCT80,
Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Sealed Beam Headlamp
Units, (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title), or
the 92x150 mm Type F unit, and incorporate lens-mounted aiming pads as
specified for those units pursuant to Appendix C of part 564 of this
chapter. If so designed, no additional lens marking is necessary to
designate the type of plate or dimensions.
    S10.18.8 On-vehicle aiming. Each headlighting system that is
capable of being aimed by equipment installed on the vehicle must
include a Vehicle Headlamp Aiming Device (VHAD) that conforms to the
following requirements:
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Aim. The VHAD must provide for headlamp aim inspection
and adjustment in both the vertical and horizontal axes.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Vertical aim. The VHAD must include the necessary
references and scales relative to the horizontal plane to assure
correct vertical aim for photometry and aiming purposes. An off vehicle
measurement of the angle of the plane of the ground is permitted. In
addition, an equal number of graduations from the ``0'' position
representing angular changes in the axis in the upward and downward
directions must be provided.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.1 Each graduation must represent a change in the
vertical position of the mechanical axis not larger than 0.19[deg] (1
in at 25 ft) to provide for variations in aim at least 1.2[deg] above
and below the horizontal, and have an accuracy relative to the zero
mark of less than 0.1[deg].
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.2 The VHAD must be marked to indicate headlamp aim
movement in the upward and downward directions.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.3 Each graduation must indicate a linear movement of
the scale indicator of not less than 0.05 in (1.27 mm) if a direct
reading analog indicator is used. If a remote reading indicator is
provided, it must represent the actual aim movement in a clear,
understandable format.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.4 The vertical indicator must perform through a
minimum range of  1.2[deg].
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.5 Means must be provided in the VHAD for compensating
for deviations in floor slope less than 1.2[deg] from the horizontal
that would affect the correct positioning of the headlamp for vertical
aim.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.6 The graduations must be legible under an
illumination level not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the
top of the graduation, by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen),
and must permit aim adjustment to within 0.19[deg] (1 in at 25 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Horizontal aim. The VHAD must include references and
scales relative to the longitudinal axis of

the vehicle necessary to assure correct horizontal aim for photometry
and aiming purposes. An ``0'' mark must be used to indicate alignment
of the headlamps relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In
addition, an equal number of graduations from the ``0'' position
representing equal angular changes in the axis relative to the vehicle
axis must be provided.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 Each graduation must represent a change in the
horizontal position of the mechanical axis not greater than 0.38[deg]
(2 in at 25 ft) to provide for variations in aim at least 0.76[deg] (4
in at 25 ft) to the left and right of the longitudinal axis of the
vehicle, and must have an accuracy relative to the zero mark of less
than 0.1[deg].
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The VHAD must be marked to indicate headlamp aim
movement in the left and right directions.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 The graduations must be legible under an
illumination level not greater than 30 foot candles, measured at the
top of the graduation, by an observer having 20/20 vision (Snellen),
and must permit aim adjustment to within 0.38[deg] (2 in at 25 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.4 The horizontal indicator must perform through a
minimum range of  0.76[deg] (4 in at 25 ft); however, the
indicator itself must be capable of recalibration over a movement of
 2.5[deg] relative to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle
to accommodate any adjustment necessary for recalibrating the indicator
after vehicle repair from accident damage.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Aiming instructions.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The instructions for properly aiming the headlighting
system using the VHAD must be provided on a label permanently affixed
to the vehicle adjacent to the VHAD, or in the vehicle operator's
manual. The instructions must advise that the headlighting system is
properly aimed if the appropriate vertical plane (as defined by the
vehicle manufacturer) is perpendicular to both the longitudinal axis of
the vehicle, and a horizontal plane when the vehicle is on a horizontal
surface, and the VHAD is set at ``0'' vertical and ``0'' horizontal.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Should a remote indicator or a remote indicator and
adjuster be provided, the instructions must be placed in the operator's
manual, and may also be placed on a label adjacent to the VHAD.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Permanent calibration. Each headlamp equipped with a
VHAD must be manufactured with its calibration permanently fixed by its
manufacturer. Calibration in this case means the process of accurately
aligning the geometry of the VHAD devices with the beam pattern for the
purposes of compliance with the standard.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Replacement units. When tested according to the
procedure of S14.2.5 with any replacement headlamp unit(s) or light
sources intended for use in the system under test, the VHAD and
headlighting system must be designed to conform to the photometric
performance requirements applicable for the system under test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Physical tests. Each VHAD must be designed to conform
with the performance requirements of S14.8.
    S10.18.9 Visual/optical aiming. Each visually/optically aimable
headlamp must be designed to conform to the following requirements:
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Vertical aim, lower beam. Each lower beam headlamp must
have a cutoff in the beam pattern. It may be either on the left side or
the right side of the optical axis, but once chosen for a particular
headlamp system's design, the side chosen for the cutoff must not be
changed for any headlamps intended to be used as replacements for those
system's headlamps.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Vertical position of the cutoff. The headlamp must be
aimed vertically so that the cutoff is on the left side, at 0.4[deg]
down from the H-H line, or on the right side, at the H-H line.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Vertical gradient. The gradient of the cutoff measured
at either 2.5[deg] L or 2.0[deg] R must be not less than 0.13 based on
the procedure of S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Horizontal position of the cutoff. The width must be
not less than 2[deg], with not less than 2[deg] of its actual width
centered at either 2.5[deg] L, or 2.0[deg] R.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 Maximum inclination of the cutoff. The vertical
location of the highest gradient at the ends of the minimum width must
be within  0.2[deg] of the vertical location of the maximum
gradient measured at the appropriate vertical line (at either 2.5[deg]
L for a left side cutoff, or 2.0[deg] R for a right side cutoff).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 Measuring the cutoff parameter.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1 The headlamp is mounted on a headlamp test fixture
which simulates its actual design location on any vehicle for which the
headlamp is intended. The fixture, with the headlamp installed, is
attached to the goniometer table in such a way that the fixture
alignment axes are coincident with the goniometer axes. The headlamp is
energized at the specified test voltage. The cutoff parameter must be
measured at a distance of 10 m from a photosensor with a 10 mm
diameter.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.2 The headlamp beam pattern is aimed with the cutoff
at the H-H axis. There is no adjustment, shimming, or modification of
the horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture, unless the
headlamp is equipped with a VHAD. In this case the VHAD is adjusted to
zero.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.3 A vertical scan of the beam pattern is conducted for
a headlamp with a left side gradient by aligning the goniometer on a
vertical line at 2.5[deg] L and scanning from 1.5[deg] U to 1.5[deg] D.
For a headlamp with a right side gradient, a vertical scan of the beam
pattern is conducted by aligning the goniometer on a vertical line at
2.0[deg] R and scanning from 1.5[deg] U to 1.5[deg] D.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.4 Determine the maximum gradient within the range of
the scan by using the formula: G = log E(a)-logE(a + 0.1), where ``G''
is the gradient, ``E'' is illumination and ``a'' is vertical angular
position. The maximum value of the gradient ``G'' determines the
vertical angular location of the cutoff. Perform vertical scans at
1.0[deg] L and R of the measurement point of the maximum gradient to
determine the inclination.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Horizontal aim, lower beam. There is no adjustment of
horizontal aim unless the headlamp is equipped with a horizontal VHAD.
If the headlamp has a VHAD, it is set to zero.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Vertical aim, upper beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a
lower beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam must not be changed from
the aim set using the procedures of S<IP_ADDRESS> and S<IP_ADDRESS> used for
the lower beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a
lower beam, the vertical aim of the upper beam is adjusted so that the
maximum beam intensity is located on the H-H axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Horizontal aim, upper beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 If the upper beam is combined in a headlamp with a
lower beam, the horizontal aim of the upper beam must not be changed
from the aim set using the procedures of S<IP_ADDRESS> and S<IP_ADDRESS> used
for the lower beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with
the lower beam and has fixed horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD,
then the headlamp is mounted on a headlamp test fixture which simulates
its actual design location on any vehicle for which the headlamp is
intended. The fixture, with the headlamp installed, is attached to the
goniometer table in such a way that the fixture alignment axes are

coincident with the goniometer axes. The headlamp must be energized at
12.8  0.20 mV. There is no adjustment, shimming, or
modification of the horizontal axis of the headlamp or test fixture,
unless the headlamp is equipped with a VHAD. In this case the VHAD is
adjusted to zero.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 If the upper beam is not combined in a headlamp with a
lower beam, and it does not have a VHAD, the horizontal aim of the
upper beam is adjusted so that the maximum beam intensity is located on
the V-V axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Photometry. When tested according to the procedure of
S14.2.5, a visually/optically aimable headlamp must be designed to
conform to the lower beam requirements of columns; LB1V or LB2V of
Table XIX-a, or LB3V of Table XIX-b, or LB4V of Table XIX-c.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Visual/optical aiming identification marking. Each
letter used in marking according to this paragraph must be not less
than 3 mm high.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The lens of a lower beam headlamp must be marked
``VOL'' if the headlamp is intended to be visually/optically aimed
using the left side of the lower beam pattern. The lens of a lower beam
headlamp must be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is intended to be
visually/optically aimed using the right side of the lower beam
pattern. The lens of a headlamp that is solely an upper beam headlamp
and intended to be visually/optically aimed using the upper beam must
be marked ``VO''.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The lens of each sealed beam or integral beam headlamp
must be marked ``VOR'' if the headlamp is of a type that was
manufactured before May 1, 1997, and if such headlamp type has been
redesigned since then to be visually/optically aimable.
    S11 Replaceable light source requirements. Each replaceable light
source must be designed to conform to the dimensions and electrical
specifications furnished with respect to it pursuant to part 564 of
this chapter, on file in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397, and must conform to
the following requirements:
    S11.1 Markings. If other than an HB Type, the light source must be
marked with the bulb marking designation specified for it in compliance
with Appendix A or Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter. The base of
each HB Type must be marked with its HB Type designation. Each
replaceable light source must also be marked with the symbol DOT and
with a name or trademark in accordance with S6.5.
    S11.2 Ballast markings. If a ballast is required for operation,
each ballast must bear the following permanent markings:
    (a) Name or logo of ballast manufacturer;
    (b) Ballast part number or unique identification;
    (c) Part number or other unique identification of the light source
for which the ballast is designed;
    (d) Rated laboratory life of the light source/ballast combination,
if the information for the light source has been filed in Appendix B of
part 564 of this chapter;
    (e) A warning that ballast output voltage presents the potential
for severe electrical shock that could lead to permanent injury or
death;
    (f) Ballast output power in watts and output voltage in rms volts
AC or DC; and
    (g) The symbol `DOT'.
    S11.3 Gas discharge laboratory life. For light sources that use
excited gas mixtures as a filament or discharge arc, the ``rated
laboratory life'' is determined in accordance with sections 4.3 and 4.9
of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93, Forward Discharge Lighting
Systems (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title).
    S11.4 Physical tests.
    S11.4.1 Each replaceable light source must be designed to conform
with the performance requirements of the deflection test and pressure
test requirements of S14.7.
    S11.4.2 Replaceable light sources must be designed to conform with
the requirements of section VII of Appendix A of part 564 of this
chapter, or section IV of Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter, for
maximum power and luminous flux when test by the procedure of S14.7.3.
    S12 Headlamp concealment device requirements.
    S12.1 While the headlamp is illuminated, its fully opened headlamp
concealment device must remain fully opened should any loss of power to
or within the headlamp concealment device occur.
    S12.2 Whenever any malfunction occurs in a component that controls
or conducts power for the actuation of the concealment device, each
closed headlamp concealment device must be capable of being fully
opened by a means not requiring the use of any tools. Thereafter, the
headlamp concealment device must remain fully opened until
intentionally closed.
    S12.3 Except for malfunctions covered by S12.2, each headlamp
concealment device must be capable of being fully opened and the
headlamps illuminated by actuation of a single switch, lever, or
similar mechanism, including a mechanism that is automatically actuated
by a change in ambient light conditions.
    S12.4 Each headlamp concealment device must be installed so that
the headlamp may be mounted, aimed, and adjusted without removing any
component of the device, other than components of the headlamp
assembly.
    S12.5 Except for cases of malfunction covered by S12.2, each
headlamp concealment device must, within an ambient temperature range
of -20 [deg]F to +120 [deg]F, be capable of being fully opened in not
more than 3 seconds after the actuation of a driver-operated control.
    S12.6 As an alternative to complying with the requirements of S12.1
through S12.5, a vehicle with headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/
optical aiming in accordance with this standard may meet the
requirements for Concealable lamps in paragraph 5.14 of the following
version of the Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 48 ``Uniform
Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles With Regard to the
Installation of Lighting and Light-Signaling Devices'': E/ECE/324-E/
ECE/ TRANS/505, Rev.1/Add.47/Rev.1/Corr.2, 26 February 1996 (page 17)
(incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title), in the
English language version.
    S12.7 Certification election. Manufacturers of vehicles with
headlamps incorporating VHAD or visual/optical aiming must elect to
certify to S12.1 through S12.5 or to S12.6 prior to, or at the time of
certification of the vehicle, pursuant to 49 CFR Part 567. The
selection is irrevocable.
    S13 Replaceable headlamp lens requirements.
    S13.1 A replacement lens for a replaceable bulb headlamp or
integral beam headlamp that is not required to have a bonded lens must
be provided with a replacement seal in a package that includes
instructions for the removal and replacement of the lens, the cleaning
of the reflector, and the sealing of the replacement lens to the
reflector assembly.
    S13.2 Each replacement headlamp lens with seal, when installed
according to the lens manufacturer's instructions on an integral beam
or replaceable bulb headlamp, must not cause the headlamp to fail to
comply with any of the requirements of this standard.
    S13.3 Each replacement headlamp lens must be marked with the symbol
``DOT'' either horizontally or vertically, to constitute certification.
Each replacement headlamp lens must also be

marked with manufacturer and the part or trade number of the headlamp
for which it is intended, and with the name and/or trademark of the
lens manufacturer or importer that is registered with the U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office. Nothing in this standard authorizes the marking
of any such name and/or trademark by one who is not the owner, unless
the owner has consented to it.
    S14 Physical and photometry test procedures and performance
requirements.
    S14.1 General test procedures and performance requirements.
    S14.1.1 Each lamp, reflective device, item of conspicuity
treatment, and item of associated equipment required or permitted by
this standard must be designed to conform to all applicable physical
test performance requirements specified for it.
    S14.1.2 Plastic optical materials. All plastic materials used for
optical parts such as lenses and reflectors on lamps or reflective
devices required or allowed by this standard must conform to the
material test requirements of S14.4.2.
    S14.1.3 All coatings used on optical materials must have added to
their formulations an optical brightener, whose presence is detectable
by ultraviolet light, to aid in testing for their presence. Other
equivalent industry accepted methods may be used as an alternative.
    S14.1.4 Samples.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Samples submitted for laboratory test must be new,
unused, manufactured from production tooling and assembled by
production processes, and representative of the devices as regularly
manufactured and marketed.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Each test sample must include not only the device but
also accessory equipment necessary to operate in its intended manner.
Where necessary a mounting bracket shall be provided so that the device
may be rigidly bolted in its operating position on the various test
equipment.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Dust and photometric tests may be made on a second set of
mounted samples, if desired, to expedite completion of the tests.
    S14.1.5 Laboratory facilities. The laboratory must be equipped to
test the sample in accordance with the requirements of the specific
device.
    S14.2 Photometric test procedures. Each lamp and reflective device
required or permitted by this standard must be designed to conform to
the applicable photometric requirements.
    S14.2.1 Photometry measurements for all lamps except license plate
lamps, headlamps, and DRLs.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Mounting. Photometry measurements are made with the
sample lamp mounted in its normal operating position.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> School bus signal lamp aiming. A school bus signal lamp
must be aimed with its aiming plane normal to the photometer axis and
may be reaimed for photometry by  \1/2\[deg] vertically and
 1[deg] horizontally.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Measurement distance. Photometric measurements are made
at a distance between the light source and the point of measurement of
at least 1.2 m for side marker lamps, clearance lamps, identification
lamps, and parking lamps, and at least 3 m for turn signal lamps, stop
lamps, taillamps, backup lamps, and school bus signal lamps.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Location of test points. Test point location must comply
with the following nomenclature:
    (a) The line formed by the intersection of a vertical plane through
the light source of the lamp and normal to the test screen is
designated ``V''.
    (b) The line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane
through the light source and normal to the test screen is designated
``H''.
    (c) The point of intersection of these two lines is designated ``H-
V''.
    (d) Other test points on the test screen are measured in terms of
angles from the H and V lines.
    (e) Angles to the right (R) and to the left (L) are regarded as
being to the right and left of the V line when the observer stands
behind the lamp and looks in the direction of its light beam when it is
properly aimed for photometry. Similarly, the upward angles designated
as U and the downward angles designated as D, refer to light directed
at angles above and below the H line, respectively.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Multiple compartment and multiple lamp photometry of turn
signal lamps, stop lamps, and taillamps.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 When compartments of lamps or arrangements of multiple
lamps are photometered together, the H-V axis intersects the midpoint
between the optical axes.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Luminous intensity measurements of multiple compartment
lamp or multiple lamp arrangements are made either by:
    (a) Measuring all compartments together, provided that a line from
the optical axis of each compartment or lamp to the center of the
photometer sensing device does not make an angle more than 0.6[deg]
with the H-V axis, or
    (b) Measuring each compartment or lamp separately by aligning its
optical axis with the photometer and adding the value at each test
point.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Multiple compartment turn signal lamps or stop lamps or
multiple lamp arrangements of these lamps installed on multipurpose
passenger vehicles, trucks, trailers, or buses 2032 mm or more in
overall width must use the method of S<IP_ADDRESS>.2(b) only.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Bulbs. Except for a lamp having a sealed-in bulb, a lamp
must meet the applicable requirements of this standard when tested with
a bulb whose filament is positioned within  .010 in of the
nominal design position specified in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed
Units, December 1968, (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of
this title) or specified by the bulb manufacturer and operated at the
bulb's rated mean spherical candela.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Each lamp designed to use a type of bulb that has not
been assigned a mean spherical candela rating by its manufacturer and
is not listed in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and Sealed Units, December 1968
(incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title), must meet
the applicable requirements of this standard when used with any bulb of
the type specified by the lamp manufacturer, operated at the bulb's
design voltage. A lamp that contains a sealed-in bulb must meet these
requirements with the bulb operated at the bulb's design voltage.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 A bulb that is not listed in SAE J573d, Lamp Bulbs and
Sealed Units, December 1968, (incorporated by reference, see 571.108
S5.2 of this title) is not required to use a socket that conforms to
the requirements of SAE J567b, Bulb Sockets, April 1964 (incorporated
by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title).
    S14.2.2 License plate lamp photometry. Photometry compliance of
license plate lamps is determined by measurement of the illumination
falling upon test stations located on a test plate.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Illumination surface. All illumination measurements are
made on a rectangular test plate of clean, white blotting paper mounted
on the license plate holder in the position normally taken by the
license plate. The face of the test plate must be 1.5 mm from the face
of the license plate holder.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Test stations. Test stations must be located on the face
of the test plate as shown in Figure 19 according to the type of
vehicle on which the license plate lamps are installed.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Bulb requirements of S<IP_ADDRESS> apply to license plate
lamp photometry.
    S14.2.3 Reflex reflector and retroreflective sheeting photometry.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Mounting. Each reflex reflector is mounted for photometry

with the center of the reflex area at the center of goniometer rotation
and at the same horizontal level as the source of illumination.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Illumination source. The source of illumination is a lamp
with a 50 mm effective diameter and with a filament operating at 2856
[deg]K.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Measurement distance. The test distance is 30.5 m
[100ft].
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Test setup The observation point is located directly
above the source of illumination. The H-V axis of reflex reflectors is
taken as parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle for rear
reflectors and perpendicular to a vertical plane passing through the
longitudinal axis of the vehicle for side reflectors.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Photodetector. The photodetector has an opening of not
more than 13 mm vertically and 25 mm horizontally.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Photometry surface. Reflex reflectors may have any linear
or area dimensions but must have no more than 7740 sq mm projected area
contained within a 254 mm diameter circle exposed for photometry.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. Photometric measurements of reflex reflectors
and retroreflective sheeting must be made at various observation and
entrance angles as shown in Table XVI.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The observation angle is the angle formed by a line
from the observation point to the center of the reflector and a second
line from the center of the reflector to the source of illumination.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The entrance angle is the angle between the axis of the
reflex reflector and a line from the center of the reflector to the
source of illumination.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The entrance angle is designated left, right, up, and
down in accordance with the position of the source of illumination with
respect to the axis of the reflex reflector as viewed from behind the
reflector.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 Measurements are made of the luminous intensity which
the reflex reflector is projecting toward the observation point and the
illumination on the reflex reflector from the source of illumination.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Measurements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Reflex reflectors. The required measurement for reflex
reflectors at each test point as shown in Table XVI is the quotient of
the projected luminous intensity divided by the illumination expressed
as millicandela per lux or candela per footcandle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Retroreflective sheeting. The required measurement for
retroreflective sheeting reflectors at each test point as shown in
Table XVI is candela per lux per square meter of area.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Reflex reflector photometry measurement adjustments.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1 Reflex reflectors, which do not have a fixed
rotational position on the vehicle, are rotated about their axis
through 360[deg] to find the minimum photometric value which must be
reported for each test point. If the output falls below the minimum
requirement at any test point, the reflector is rotated < plus-
minus>5[deg] about its axis from the angle where the minimum output
occurred, and the maximum value within this angle is reported as a
tolerance value.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.2 Reflex reflectors, which by their design or
construction, permit mounting on a vehicle in a fixed rotational
position, are tested in this position. A visual locator, such as the
word TOP is not considered adequate to establish a fixed rotational
position on the vehicle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.3 If uncolored reflections from the front surface
interfere with photometric readings at any test point, additional
readings are taken 1[deg] above, below, right, and left of the test
point, and the lowest of these readings and its location is reported
provided the minimum test point requirement for the test point is met.
    S14.2.4 Daytime running lamp (DRL) photometry measurements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Each DRL is tested to the procedure of S14.2.5 when a
test voltage of 12.8 v  20 mv is applied to the input
terminals of the lamp switch module or voltage-reducing equipment,
whichever is closer to the electrical source on the vehicle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> The test distance from the lamp to the photometer is not
less than 18.3 m if the lamp is optically combined with a headlamp, or
is a separate lamp, and not less than 3 m if the lamp is optically
combined with a lamp, other than a headlamp, that is required by this
standard.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Bulb requirements of S<IP_ADDRESS> apply to DRL photometry.
    S14.2.5 Headlamp photometry measurements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Mounting. Photometry measurements at the applicable test
points are made with the sample headlamp mounted in its normal
operating position.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Test points in the area from 10[deg] U to 90[deg] U must
be measured from the normally exposed surface of the lens face.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Measurement distance. Photometric measurements are made
at a distance between the light source and the photometer sensor of at
least 18.3 m.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Seasoning and test voltage. All sealed beam headlamps,
integral beam headlamps, beam contributors, and replaceable light
sources are seasoned at design voltage for 1% of its average design
life or 10 hours, whichever is less prior to a photometry test. A
headlamp is tested at 12.8 v.  20 mv, D.C. as measured at
the terminals of the lamp.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Aiming. Each headlamp is aimed prior to a photometry test
in accordance with the procedure appropriate to its aiming system. A
\1/4\[deg] reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point to
allow for variations in readings between laboratories for all headlamps
except a Type F upper beam unit not equipped with a VHAD.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Mechanically aimable headlamps using an external aimer.
The headlamp is aimed mechanically with the aiming plane at the design
angle(s) to the photometer axis and the mechanical axis of the headlamp
on the photometer axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Mechanically aimable headlamps equipped with a VHAD.
The headlamp is aimed mechanically using the VHAD in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions as provided with the vehicle on which
the headlamp is intended to be used.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Visually aimable lower beam headlamps-vertical aim.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1 A VOL cutoff headlamp must have the location of the
cutoff maximum gradient, as determined by the method of this standard,
positioned at 0.4[deg] down from the H-H line.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.2 A VOR cutoff headlamp must have the location of the
cutoff maximum gradient, as determined by the method of this standard,
positioned at the H-H line.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 Visually aimable lower beam headlamps-horizontal aim.
There must be no adjustment of horizontal aim unless the headlamp is
equipped with a horizontal VHAD. If the headlamp has a VHAD, it must be
set to zero.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 Visually aimable upper beam headlamps-vertical aim.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1 A headlamp whose upper beam is combined with a lower
beam must not have its vertical aim changed from that set for the lower
beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.2 A headlamp whose upper beam is not combined with a
lower beam must have its maximum beam intensity positioned on the H-H
axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6 Visually aimable upper beam headlamps-horizontal aim.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1 A headlamp whose upper beam is combined with a lower
beam must not have its horizontal aim

changed from that set for the lower beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.2 A headlamp whose upper beam is not combined with a
lower beam and has a fixed horizontal aim or has a horizontal VHAD must
be mounted in its normal operating position on a goniometer such that
the mounting fixture alignment axes are coincident with the goniometer
axes and must be energized at 12.8 v  20 mv. There must be
no adjustment, shimming, or modification of the horizontal axis of the
headlamp or test fixture, unless the headlamp is equipped with a VHAD,
in which case the VHAD must be adjusted to zero.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.3 A headlamp whose upper beam is not combined with a
lower beam and is not equipped with a horizontal VHAD, the horizontal
aim must be adjusted so that the maximum beam intensity is positioned
on the V-V axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7 Simultaneous aim Type F sealed beam headlamps and beam
contributor integral beam headlamps.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1 A headlamp system permitted to use simultaneous aim
of lower beams and upper beams must be aimed mechanically for lower
beam photometry by centering the lower beam unit or the geometric
center of all lower beam contributors on the photometer axis and
aligning the aiming plane, aiming reference plane, or other appropriate
vertical plane defined by the manufacturer perpendicular to the
photometer axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.2 The headlamp must be aimed for upper beam photometry
by moving the assembly in a plane parallel to the established lower
beam aiming plane until the upper beam unit or the geometric center of
all upper beam contributors is centered in the photometric axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8 Motorcycle headlamp-upper beam headlamps designed to
comply with Table XX. The upper beam of a multiple beam headlamp
designed to comply with the requirements of Table XX must be aimed
photoelectrically so that the center of the zone of highest intensity
falls 0.4[deg] vertically below the lamp axis and is centered
laterally. The center of the zone of highest intensity must be
established by the intersection of a horizontal plane passing through
the point of maximum intensity, and the vertical plane established by
balancing the photometric values at 3[deg]L and 3[deg]R.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9 Motorcycle headlamp-lower beam headlamps designed to
comply with Table XX. The beam from a single beam headlamp designed to
comply with the requirements of Table XX must be aimed straight ahead
with the top of the beam aimed vertically to obtain 2000 cd at H-V.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Positioner. The goniometer configuration, used to
position the sample headlamp when making photometric measurements at
specific angular test points, is horizontal rotation over elevation.
The vertical axis of the goniometer must correspond to the design
position vertical axis of the sample headlamp which is vertical and
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Photometer.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The photometer must be capable of measuring the
luminous intensity of the sample headlamp throughout its illumination
range.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Sensor.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The maximum effective area of the photometric sensor
must fit within a circle whose diameter is equal to 0.009 times the
actual test distance from the light source of the sample headlamp to
the sensor.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The sensor effective area is defined as the actual
area of intercepted light striking the detector surface of the
photometer. Sensor systems incorporating lens(es) that change the
diameter of the intercepted light beam before it reaches the actual
detector surface, the maximum size requirements must apply to the total
area of the light actually intercepted by the lens surface.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 The sensor must be capable of intercepting all direct
illumination from the largest illuminated dimension of the sample lamp
at the test distance.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The color response of the photometer must be corrected
to that of the 1931 International Commission on Illumination (C.I.E.)
Standard Observer (2-degree) Photopic Response Curve, as shown in the
C.I.E. 1931 Chromaticity Diagram (incorporated by reference, see
571.108 S5.2 of this title).
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Location of test points.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Test point positions are defined by the positioner. The
following nomenclature applies:
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.1 The letters ``V'' and ``H'' designate the vertical
and horizontal planes intersecting both the headlamp light source and
the photometer axis. ``H-V'' designates the zero test point angle at
the intersection of the H and V planes. This intersection is parallel
to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.2 The letters ``U'', ``D'', ``L'', and ``R'',
indicating up, down, left and right, respectively, designate the
angular position from the H and V planes to the photometer as viewed
from the headlamp.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.3 Horizontal angles designated L and R are defined as
the plan view angle between the vertical plane and the projection of
the light ray from the headlamp onto the horizontal plane.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.4 Vertical angles designated U and D are defined as the
true angle between the horizontal plane and the light ray from the
headlamp.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Beam contributor photometry measurements. In a
headlighting system where there is more than one beam contributor
providing a lower beam, and/or more than one beam contributor providing
an upper beam, each beam contributor must be designed to meet only the
applicable photometric performance requirements based upon the
following mathematical expression: conforming test point value = 2(test
point value)/total number of lower or upper beam contributors for the
vehicle, as appropriate.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Moveable reflector aimed headlamp photometry
measurements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A headlamp aimed by moving the reflector relative to
the lens and headlamp housing, or vice versa, must conform to the
photometry requirements applicable to it with the lens at any position
relative to the reflector.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 These positions include not less than the full range
of vertical pitch of the vehicle on which the headlamp is installed and
not less than  2.5[deg] from the nominal horizontal aim
position for the vehicle on which the headlamp is installed unless the
headlamp is visually/optically aimed with a fixed horizontal aim.
    S14.3 Motorcycle headlamp out of focus test procedure and
performance requirements.
    S14.3.1 Procedure. The sample device must be tested for photometry
using bulbs having each of four out-of-focus filament positions. Where
conventional bulbs with two pin bayonet bases are used, tests must be
made with the light source 0.060 in above, below, ahead, and behind the
designated position. If prefocused bulbs are used, the limiting
positions at which tests are made must be 0.020 in above, below, ahead,
and behind the designated position. The sample device may be re-aimed
for each of the out-of-focus positions of the light source.
    S14.3.2 Performance requirements. The minimum photometric values
for the out-of-design position must be 80% of the in-design position.
    S14.4 General test procedures and performance requirements.
    S14.4.1 Color test. The requirement applies to the overall
effective color of light emitted by the device and not to

the color of the light from a small area of the lens. It does not apply
to any pilot, indicator, or tell-tale lights. The color of the sample
device must comply when tested by either the Visual Method or the
Tristimulus Method.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Samples. A test sample for a reflex reflector may be
either the reflex reflector or a disc of the same material, technique
of fabrication, and dye formulation as the reflex reflector. If a disc
is used, the thickness must be twice the thickness of the reflector as
measured from the face of the lens to the apexes of the reflecting
elements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> General procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The device must be operated at design voltage.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Components (bulbs, caps, lenses, and the like) must be
tested in a fixture or manner simulating the intended application.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The lamp shall be allowed to reach operating
temperature before measurements are made.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 The entire light emitting surface of the sample must be
visible from any point on the entrance window of the test instrument.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 The distance between the test instrument and the sample
must be large enough so that further increases in distance will not
affect the results.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Visual method.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Visual method procedure. The color of light from the
sample device must be compared visually with the color of the light
from a standard. The standard may consist of a filter or limit glass.
In the case of white, CIE Source A is used only as a color reference.
The chromaticity coordinates of the color standards must be as close as
possible to the limits listed. The color of the standard filters is
determined spectro-photometrically.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Visual method performance requirements. The color must
comply with the applicable requirement.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 Red. Red is not acceptable if it is less saturated
(paler), yellower, or bluer than the limit standards.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 Yellow (Amber). Yellow is not acceptable if it is
less saturated (paler), greener, or redder than the limit standards.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 White. White is not acceptable if its color differs
materially from that of CIE Source A.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Tristimulus method.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Tristimulus method procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.1 The color of light from the H-V point of a sample
device must be measured by photoelectric receivers with spectral
responses that approximate CIE standard spectral tristimulus valves.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.2 A sphere may be used to integrate light from a
colored source provided that the color shift that results from the
spectral selectivity of the sphere paint be corrected by the use of a
filter, correction factor, or an appropriate calibration.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.3 Where the sample device does not have uniform
spectral characteristics in all useful directions, color measurements
must be made at as many directions of view as are required to evaluate
the color for those directions that apply to the end use of the device.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Tristimulus method performance requirements. The color
must comply with the applicable requirement.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 Red. The color of light emitted must fall within the
following boundaries:

y = 0.33 (yellow boundary)
y = 0.98 - x (purple boundary)

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 Yellow (Amber). The color of light emitted must fall
within the following boundaries:

y = 0.39 (red boundary)
y = 0.79 - 0.67x (white boundary)
y = x - 0.12 (green boundary)

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 White (achromatic). The color of light emitted must
fall within the following boundaries:

x = 0.31 (blue boundary)
y = 0.44 (green boundary)
x = 0.50 (yellow boundary)
y = 0.15 + 0.64x (green boundary)
y = 0.38 (red boundary)
y = 0.05 + 0.75x (purple boundary)

    S14.4.2 Plastic optical materials tests. Accelerated weathering
procedures are not permitted.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Samples.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples of materials shall be injection molded into
polished metal molds to produce test specimens with two flat and
parallel faces. Alternative techniques may be used to produce
equivalent specimens.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Test specimens shape may vary, but each exposed surface
must contain a minimum uninterrupted area of 32 sq cm.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Samples must be furnished in thicknesses of 1.6 < plus-
minus> 0.25 mm, 2.3  0.25 mm, 3.2  0.25 mm, and
6.4  0.25 mm.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 All samples must conform to the applicable color test
requirement of this standard prior to testing.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 A control sample, kept properly protected from
influences which may change its appearance and properties of each
thickness, must be retained.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Outdoor exposure test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Outdoor exposure tests of 3 years in duration must be
made on samples of all materials, including coated and uncoated
versions, used for optical parts of devices covered by this standard.
Tests are to be conducted in Florida and Arizona.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Concentrations of polymer components and additives used
in plastic materials may be changed without outdoor exposure testing
provided the changes are within the limits of composition represented
by higher and lower concentrations of these polymer components and
additives previously tested to this section and found to meet its
requirements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1 One sample of each thickness of each material must be
mounted at each exposure site so that at least a minimum uninterrupted
area of 32 sq cm of the exposed upper surface of the sample is at an
angle of 45[deg] to the horizontal facing south. The sample must be
mounted in the open no closer than 30 cm (11.8 in) to its background.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.2 During the exposure time the samples must be cleaned
once every three months by washing with mild soap or detergent and
water, and then rinsing with distilled water. Rubbing must be avoided.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 Performance requirements. Plastic lenses, other than
those incorporating reflex reflectors, used for inner lenses or those
covered by another material and not exposed directly to sunlight must
meet the optical material test requirements when covered by the outer
lens or other material.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1 After completion of the outdoor exposure test the
haze and loss of surface luster as measured by ASTM 1003-92, Haze and
Luminous Transmittance of Transparent Plastic, (incorporated by
reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title) must not be greater than:
    (a) 30% for materials used for outer lenses, other than those
incorporating reflex reflectors;
    (b) 7% for materials used for reflex reflectors and lenses used in
front of reflex reflectors.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.2 After completion of the outdoor exposure test
materials used for headlamp lenses must show no deterioration.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.3 After completion of the outdoor exposure test all
materials, when compared with the unexposed control samples, must not
show physical changes affecting performance such as color bleeding,
delamination, crazing, or cracking. Additionally materials used for
reflex reflectors and lenses used in front of reflex reflectors

must not show surface deterioration or dimensional changes.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.4 After completion of the outdoor exposure test all
materials, when compared with the unexposed control samples, must not
have their luminous transmittance changed by more than 25% when tested
in accordance with ASTM E 308-66 (1973), Spectrophotmetry and
Description of Color in CIE 1931 System (incorporated by reference, see
571.108 S5.2 of this title) using CIE Illuminant A (2856K).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.5 After completion of the outdoor exposure test all
materials must conform to the color test of this standard in the range
of thickness stated by the material manufacturer.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Heat test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Procedure. Two samples of each thickness of each
material must be supported at the bottom, with at least 51 mm of the
sample above the support, in the vertical position in such a manner
that, on each side, the minimum uninterrupted area of exposed surface
is not less than 3225 sq mm. The samples are placed in a circulating
air oven at 79  3 [deg]C for two hours.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Performance requirements. After completion of the heat
exposure and cooling to room ambient temperature, a test specimen must
show no change in shape and general appearance discernable to the naked
eye when compared with an unexposed specimen and continue to conform to
the applicable color test requirement of this standard.
    S14.5 Signal lamp and reflective device physical test procedures
and performance requirements.
    S14.5.1 Vibration test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The sample device, as mounted on the support
supplied, must be bolted to the anvil end of the table of the vibration
test machine of Figure 21 and vibrated approximately 750 cpm through a
distance of \1/8\ in. The table must be spring mounted at one end and
fitted with steel calks on the underside of the other end. The calks
are to make contact with the steel anvil once during each cycle at the
completion of the fall. The rack must be operated under a spring
tension of 60 to 70 lb. The test must be continued for 1 hour.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
vibration test a device showing evidence of material physical weakness,
lens or reflector rotation, displacement or rupture of parts except
bulb failures, must be considered to have failed, providing that the
rotation of lens or reflector must not be considered as a failure when
tests show compliance with specifications despite such rotation.
    S14.5.2 Moisture test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The sample device must be mounted in its
normal operating position with all drain holes open and subjected to a
precipitation of 0.1 in of water per minute, delivered at an angle of
45[deg] from a nozzle with a solid cone spray. During the test the
device must revolve about its vertical axis at a rate of 4 rpm for a
period of 12 hours followed by a one hour drain period where the device
does not rotate and the spray stops. After completion of the moisture
test the device must be examined for moisture accumulation.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. Accumulation of moisture in
excess of 2 cc or any visible moisture in a sealed reflex unit must
constitute a failure.
    S14.5.3 Dust test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Samples. A sealed unit is not required to meet the
requirements of this test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The sample device with any drain hole closed
must be mounted in its normal operating position, at least 6 in from
the wall in a cubical box with inside measurements of 3 ft on each side
containing 10 lb of fine powered cement in accordance with ASTM C 150-
56, Standard Specification for Portland Cement (incorporated by
reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title). At intervals of 15 minutes
during a test period of 5 hours, the dust must be agitated by
compressed air or fan blower by projecting blasts of air for a 2 second
period in a downward direction into the dust in such a way that the
dust is completely and uniformly diffused throughout the entire cube
and allowed to settle. After the completion of the dust test the
exterior surface of the device must be cleaned.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. If after a photometry test the
maximum photometric intensity of the device is not more than 10% less
than the maximum photometric intensity of the same device after being
cleaned both inside and outside, the device is considered to have met
the requirements of the dust test.
    S14.5.4 Corrosion test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The sample device must be subjected to a salt
spray (fog) test in accordance with the latest version of ASTM B117-73,
Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (incorporated by reference, see
571.108 S5.2 of this title), for a period of 50 hours, consisting of
two periods of 24 hour exposure followed by a 1 hr drying time.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After the completion of the
corrosion test there must be no evidence of excessive corrosion which
would affect the proper function of the device.
    S14.6 Headlamp physical test procedures and performance
requirements.
    S14.6.1 Abrasion test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Abrading pad. A new, unused abrading pad constructed of
0000 steel wool not less than 2.5  .1 cm wide, rubber
cemented to a rigid base shaped to the same vertical contour of the
lens, is used for each test. The abrading pad support is equal in size
to the pad and the center of the support surface is within
2 mm of parallel to the lens surface. The ``grain'' of the pad is
oriented perpendicular to the direction of motion. The density of the
pad is such that when the pad is resting unweighted on the lens, the
base of the pad is no closer than 3.2 mm to the lens at its closest
point.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Abrading pad alignment. A sample headlamp is mounted in
the abrasion test fixture of Figure 5 with the lens facing upward. When
mounted on its support and resting on the lens of the test headlamp,
the abrading pad is then weighted such that a pad pressure of 14 < plus-
minus> 1 KPa. exists at the center and perpendicular to the face of the
lens.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Abrasion test procedure. The pad is cycled back and
forth (1 cycle) for 11 cycles at 4  0.8 in (10
2 cm) per second over at least 80% of the lens surface, including all
the area between the upper and lower aiming pads, but not including
lens trim rings and edges. A pivot must be used if it is required to
follow the contour of the lens.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
abrasion test the sample headlamp must meet the requirements of the
applicable photometry tests of Table XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/4\[deg]
reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point.
    S14.6.2 Chemical resistance test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Test fluids. The five test fluids used in the chemical
resistance test include:
    (a) ASTM Reference Fuel C, which is composed of Isooctane 50%
volume and Toluene 50% volume. Isooctane must conform to A2.7 in Annex
2 of the Motor Fuels Section of the 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Vol. 05.04 (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title),
and Toluene must conform to ASTM specification D362-84, Standard
Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene (incorporated by reference,
see 571.108 S5.2 of this title). ASTM Reference Fuel C must be used as
specified in: Paragraph A2.3.2 and A2.3.3 of Annex 2 to Motor Fuels;

Section 1 in the 1985 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 05.04
(incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title); and OSHA
Standard 29 CFR 1910.106--Handling Storage and Use of Flammable
Combustible Liquids;
    (b) Tar remover (consisting by volume of 45% xylene and 55%
petroleum base mineral spirits);
    (c) Power steering fluid (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer
for use in the motor vehicle on which the headlamp is intended to be
installed);
    (d) Windshield washer fluid consisting of 0.5% monoethanolamine
with the remainder 50% concentration of methanol/distilled water by
volume; and
    (e) Antifreeze (50% concentration of ethylene glycol/distilled
water by volume).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Fluid application. The entire exterior lens surface of
the sample headlamp mounted in the headlamp test fixture and top
surface of the lens-reflector joint is wiped once to the left and once
to the right with a 6 inch square soft cotton cloth (with pressure
equally applied) which has been saturated once in a container with 2
ounces of five different test fluids listed above. The lamp is wiped
within 5 seconds after removal of the cloth from the test fluid. A new
lamp sample may be used with each fluid.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Test duration. After the headlamp sample has been wiped
with the test fluid, it must be stored in its designed operating
attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 23[deg]C  4[deg]C
and a relative humidity of 30%  10%. At the end of the 48-
hour period, the headlamp is wiped clean with a soft dry cotton cloth
and visually inspected.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
chemical resistance test, the sample headlamp must have no surface
deterioration, coating delamination, fractures, deterioration of
bonding or sealing materials, color bleeding, or color pickup visible
without magnification and the headlamp must meet the requirements of
the applicable photometry tests of Table XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/
4\[deg] reaim is permitted in any direction at any test point.
    S14.6.3 Corrosion test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. A sample headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test
fixture in designed operating position and including all accessory
equipment necessary to operate in its normal manner, is subjected to a
salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt
Spray (Fog) Testing (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of
this title), for 50 total hours, consisting of two periods of 24 hours
exposure followed by a 1 hour drying period. If a portion of the device
is completely protected in service, that portion is covered to prevent
salt fog entry during exposure. After removal from the salt spray and
the final 1 hour drying period the sample headlamp is examined for
corrosion that affect any other applicable tests contained in S14.6. If
such corrosion is found, the affected test(s) must be performed on the
corrosion sample and the results recorded.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
corrosion test, the sample headlamp must not have any observed
corrosion which would result in the failure of any other applicable
tests contained in S14.6 and no corrosion of the headlamp mounting and
aiming mechanism that would result in the failure of the aiming
adjustment tests, inward force test, or torque deflection test of
S14.6.
    S14.6.4 Corrosion-connector test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A headlamp connector test must be performed on each
filament circuit of the sample headlamp prior to the test in
S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 according to Figure 4 and S14.6.15. The power source is set
to provide 12.8 volts and the resistance must be set to produce 10
amperes.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The headlamp, with connector attached to the terminals,
unfixtured and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes,
breathing devices or other designed openings in their normal operating
positions, is subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with
ASTM B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (incorporated by
reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title), for 240 hours, consisting
of ten successive 24-hour periods.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 During each period, the headlamp is mounted in the
middle of the chamber and exposed for 23 hours to the salt spray. The
spray is not activated during the 24th hour. The bulb is removed from
the headlamp and from the test chamber during the one hour of salt
spray deactivation and reinserted for the start of the next test
period, at the end of the first and last three 23-hour periods of salt
spray exposure, and at the end of any two of the fourth through seventh
23-hour periods of salt-spray exposure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 The test chamber is closed at all times except for a
maximum of 2 minutes which is allowed for removal or replacement of a
bulb during each period.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 After the ten periods, the lens-reflector unit without
the bulb must be immersed in deionized water for 5 minutes, then
secured and allowed to dry by natural convection only.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6 Using the voltage, resistance and pre-test set up of
S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 the current in each filament circuit must be measured after
the test conducted in S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 After the completion of the corrosion-connector test,
the sample headlamp must show no evidence of external or internal
corrosion or rust visible without magnification.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Loss of adhesion of any applied coating must not occur
more than 3.2 mm from any sharp edge on the inside or out.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Corrosion may occur on terminals only if the test
current produced during the test of S<IP_ADDRESS>.6 is not less than 9.7
amperes.
    S14.6.5 Dust test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A sample headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test fixture,
with all drain holes, breathing devices or other designed openings in
their normal operating positions, is positioned within a cubical box,
with inside measurements of 900 mm on each side or larger if required
for adequate wall clearance (i.e., a distance of at least 150 mm
between the headlamp and any wall of the box).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The box contains 4.5 kg of fine powdered cement which
conforms to the ASTM C150-77, Standard Specification for Portland
Cement (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title).
Every 15 minutes, the cement is agitated by compressed air or fan
blower(s) by projecting blasts of air for a two-second period in a
downward direction so that the cement is diffused as uniformly as
possible throughout the entire box.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 This test is continued for five hours after which the
exterior surfaces of the headlamp are wiped clean.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the dust
test, the sample headlamp must meet the requirements of the applicable
photometry tests of Table XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/4\[deg] reaim is
permitted in any direction at any test point.
    S14.6.6 Temperature cycle test and internal heat test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Samples. A sample headlamp with one or more replaceable
light sources is tested according to the procedures of this section for
a temperature cycle test and an internal heat test. The same sample
headlamp is used in the temperature cycle test and then in the internal
heat test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> General procedure.

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Tests are made with all filaments lighted at design
voltage that are intended to be used simultaneously in the headlamp and
which in combination draw the highest total wattage. These include but
are not limited to filaments used for turn signal lamps, fog lamps,
parking lamps, and headlamp lower beams lighted with upper beams when
the wiring harness is so connected on the vehicle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 If a turn signal is included in the headlamp assembly,
it is operated at 90 flashes a minute with a 75%  2%
current ``on time.''
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 If the lamp produces both the upper and lower beam, it
is tested in both the upper beam mode and the lower beam mode under the
conditions above described, except for a headlamp with a single type
HB1 or type HB2 light source.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Temperature cycle test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.1 A sample headlamp, mounted on a headlamp test
fixture, is subjected to 10 complete consecutive cycles having the
thermal cycle profile shown in Figure 6.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.2 During the hot cycle, the lamp, is energized
commencing at point ``A'' of Figure 6 and de-energized at point ``B.''
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.3 Separate or single test chambers may be used to
generate the environment of Figure 6.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.4 All drain holes, breathing devices or other openings
or vents of the headlamps are set in their normal operating positions.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Performance requirements. After completion of the
temperature cycle test, the sample headlamp must:
    (a) show no evidence of delamination, fractures, entry of moisture,
or deterioration of bonding material, color bleeding, warp or
deformation visible without magnification;
    (b) show no lens warpage greater than 3 mm when measured parallel
to the optical axis at the point of intersection of the axis of each
light source with the exterior surface of the lens; and
    (c) meet the requirements of the applicable photometry tests of
Table XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/4\[deg] reaim is permitted in any
direction at any test point.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Internal heat test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.1 A sample headlamp lens surface that would normally be
exposed to road dirt is uniformly sprayed with any appropriate mixture
of dust and water or other materials to reduce the photometric output
at the H-V test point of the upper beam (or the \1/2\[deg]D-1\1/
2\[deg]R test point of the lower beam as applicable) to 25% < plus-
minus> 2% of the output originally measured in the applicable
photometric compliance test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.2 A headlamp with a single type HB1 or type HB2 light
source is tested on the upper beam only.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.3 Such reduction is determined under the same
conditions as that of the original photometric measurement.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.4 After the photometric output of the lamp has been
reduced as specified above, the sample lamp and its mounting hardware
must be mounted in an environmental chamber in a manner similar to that
indicated in Figure 7 ``Dirt/Ambient Test Setup.''
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.5 The headlamp is soaked for one hour at a temperature
of 35[deg] + 4[deg] - 0 [deg]C) and then the lamp is energized
according to the procedure of this section for one hour in a still air
condition, allowing the temperature to rise from the soak temperature.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.6 At the end of one hour the sample lamp is returned to
a room ambient temperature of 23[deg] + 4[deg] - 0 [deg]C and a
relative humidity of 30%  10% and allowed to stabilize to
the room ambient temperature. The lens is then cleaned.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Performance requirements. After completion of the
temperature cycle test and meeting its requirements, and completion of
the internal heat test, the sample headlamp must:
    (a) have no lens warpage greater than 3 mm when measured parallel
to the optical axis at the point of intersection of the axis of each
light source with the exterior surface of the lens, and
    (b) meet the requirements of the applicable photometry tests of
Table XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/4\[deg] reaim is permitted in any
direction at any test point.
    S14.6.7 Humidity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The test fixture consists of a horizontal steel plate
to which three threaded steel or aluminum rods of \1/2\ inch diameter
are screwed vertically behind the headlamp.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The sample headlamp assembly is clamped to the vertical
rods, which are behind the headlamp. All attachments to the headlamp
assembly are made behind the lens and vents or openings, and are not
within 2 inches laterally of a vent inlet or outlet.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The mounted headlamp assembly is oriented in its design
operating position, and is placed in a controlled environment at a
temperature of 100[deg] + 7[deg]-0[deg] F (38[deg] + 4[deg]-0[deg] C)
with a relative humidity of not less than 90%. All drain holes,
breathing devices, and other openings are set in their normal operation
positions for all phases of the humidity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 The headlamp is subjected to 24 consecutive 3-hour test
cycles. In each cycle, the headlamp is energized for 1 hour at design
voltage with the highest combination of filament wattages that are
intended to be used, and then de-energized for 2 hours. If the headlamp
incorporates a turn signal then the turn signal flashes at 90 flashes
per minute with a 75%  2% current ``on-time.''
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 Within 3 minutes after the completion of the 24th
cycle, the air flow test will begin. The following procedure shall
occur: the mounted assembly is removed, placed in an insulating box and
covered with foam material so that there is no visible air space around
the assembly; the box is closed, taken to the air flow test chamber,
and placed within it. Inside the chamber, the assembly with respect to
the air flow, is oriented in its design operating position. The
assembly is positioned in the chamber so that the center of the lens is
in the center of the opening of the air flow entry duct during the
test. The headlamp has at least 3 inches clearance on all sides, and at
least 4 inches to the entry and exit ducts at the closest points. If
vent tubes are used which extend below the lamp body, the 3 inches are
measured from the bottom of the vent tube or its protection. The
temperature of the chamber is 73[deg] + 7[deg] - 0 [deg]F (23[deg] +
4[deg] - 0 [deg]C) with a relative humidity of 30% + 10% - 0%. The
headlamp is not energized.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6 Before the test specified in paragraph S<IP_ADDRESS>.7 of
this section, the uniformity of the air flow in the empty test chamber
at a plane 4 inches downstream of the air entry duct is measured over a
4 inch square grid. The uniformity of air flow at each grid point is
 10% of the average air flow specified in paragraph
S<IP_ADDRESS>.7 of this section.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7 The mounted assembly in the chamber is exposed, for one
hour, to an average air flow of 330 +0 -30 ft/min as measured with an
air velocity measuring probe having an accuracy of  3% in
the 330 ft/min range. The average air flow is the average of the
velocity recorded at six points around the perimeter of the lens. The
six points are determined as follows: At the center of the lens,
construct a horizontal plane. The first two points are located in the
plane, 1 inch outward from the intersection of the plane and each edge
of the lens. Then, trisect the distance between these two points and
construct longitudinal vertical planes at the two intermediate
locations formed by the

trisection. The four remaining points are located in the vertical
planes, one inch above the top edge of the lens, and one inch below the
bottom edge of the lens.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8 After one hour, the headlamp is removed and inspected
for moisture.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
humidity test, the sample headlamp must show no evidence of interior
delamination or moisture, fogging or condensation visible without
magnification.
    S14.6.8 Vibration test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Samples. The mounting bracket with a sample headlamp
installed must not have a resonant frequency in the 10-55 Hz. range.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The mounted sample headlamp is bolted to the
anvil end of the table of the vibration test machine of Figure 21 and
vibrated 750 cpm through a distance of 1/8 in. The table is spring
mounted at one end and fitted with steel calks on the underside of the
other end. The table is of sufficient size to completely contain the
test fixture base with no overhang. The calks are to make contact with
the steel anvil once during each cycle at the completion of the fall.
The rack is operated under a spring tension of 60 to 70 lb. The
vibration is applied in the vertical axis of the headlamp as mounted on
the vehicle. Bulb filaments are not energized during the test. The test
is continued for 1 hour.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
vibration test, there must be no evidence of loose or broken parts,
other than filaments, visible without magnification.
    S14.6.9 Sealing test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 An unfixtured sample headlamp in its design mounting
position is placed in water at a temperature of 176[deg]
5[deg] F (60[deg]  3[deg] C) for one hour. The headlamp is
energized in its highest wattage mode, with the test voltage at 12.8
 0.1V during immersion.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The lamp is then de-energized and immediately submerged
in its design mounting position into water at 32[deg] +5[deg] -0[deg] F
(0[deg] +3[deg] -0[deg] C). The water is in a pressurized vessel, and
the pressure is increased to 10 psi (70 kPa), upon placing the lamp in
the water. The lamp must remain in the pressurized vessel for a period
of thirty minutes.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 This entire procedure is repeated for four cycles.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 Then the lamp is inspected for any signs of water on
its interior. During the high temperature portion of the cycles, the
lamp is observed for signs of air escaping from its interior.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the sealing
test, a sample headlamp confirmed to be sealed need not meet the
corrosion test, dust test, or humidity test of this Section. If any
water is on the interior or air escapes, the lamp is not a sealed lamp.
    S14.6.10 Chemical resistance test of reflectors of replaceable lens
headlamps test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Test fluids. The three test fluids used in the
chemical resistance test include;
    (a) Tar remover (consisting by volume of 45% xylene and 55%
petroleum base mineral spirits);
    (b) Mineral spirits; and
    (c) Fluids other than water contained in the manufacturer's
instructions for cleaning the reflector.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Fluid application. With a sample headlamp in the
headlamp test fixture and the lens removed, the entire surface of the
reflector that receives light from a headlamp light source is wiped
once to the left and once to the right with a 6-inch square soft cotton
cloth (with pressure equally applied) which has been saturated once in
a container with 2 ounces of one of the test fluids listed in
S<IP_ADDRESS>.1. The lamp is wiped within 5 seconds after removal of the
cloth from the test fluid.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Test duration. After the headlamp has been wiped with
the test fluid, it is stored in its designed operating attitude for 48
hours at a temperature of 73[deg]  7[deg] F (23[deg]  4[deg] C) and a relative humidity of 30%  10%. At
the end of the 48-hour period, the headlamp is wiped clean with a soft
dry cotton cloth and visually inspected.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
chemical resistance test, the sample headlamp must have no surface
deterioration, coating delamination, fractures, deterioration of
bonding or sealing materials, color bleeding or color pickup visible
without magnification and the headlamp must meet the requirements of
the applicable photometry tests of Table XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/
4\[deg] re-aim is permitted in any direction at any test point.
    S14.6.11  Corrosion resistance test of reflectors of replaceable
lens headlamps test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A sample headlamp with the lens removed, unfixtured
and in its designed operating attitude with all drain holes, breathing
devices or other designed openings in their normal operating positions,
must be subjected to a salt spray (fog) test in accordance with ASTM
B117-73, Method of Salt Spray (Fog) Testing (incorporated by reference,
see 571.108 S5.2 of this title), for 24 hours, while mounted in the
middle of the chamber.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Afterwards, the headlamp must be stored in its
designed operating attitude for 48 hours at a temperature of 73[deg]
 7[deg] F (23[deg]  4[deg] C) and a relative
humidity of 30%  10% and allowed to dry by natural
convection only. At the end of the 48-hour period, the reflector must
be cleaned according to the instructions supplied with the headlamp
manufacturer's replacement lens, and inspected. The lens and seal must
then be attached according to these instructions and the headlamp
tested for photometric performance.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After the completion of the
corrosion test, the sample headlamp must show no evidence of corrosion
or rust visible without magnification on any part of the headlamp
reflector that receives light from a headlamp light source, on any
metal light or heat shield assembly, or on a metal reflector of any
other lamp. The sample headlamp with the replacement lens installed
must meet the requirements of the applicable photometry tests of Table
XIX and Table XVIII. A \1/4\[deg] re-aim is permitted in any direction
at any test point.
    S14.6.12 Inward force test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. A sample headlamp mechanism, including the
aiming adjusters, must be subjected to an inward force of 222 N
directed normal to the headlamp aiming plane and symmetrically about
the center of the headlamp lens face.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After the completion of the
inward force test, a sample headlamp must not permanently recede by
more than 2.5 mm. The aim of the headlamp must not permanently deviate
by more than 3.2 mm at a distance of 7.6 m. The aim of any headlamp
that is capable of being mechanically aimed by externally applied
aiming devices must not change by more than 0.30[deg].
    S14.6.13 Torque deflection test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The sample headlamp assembly is mounted in designed
vehicle position and set at nominal aim (H=0, V=0).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 A sealed beam headlamp, except Type G and Type H, is
removed from its mounting and replaced by the applicable deflectometer.
(Type C and Type D-Figure 18, Type A and Type E-Figure 16, Type B-
Figure 17, and Type F-Figure 14).

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Sealed beam headlamps Type G and Type H have the
adapter of Figure 15 and the deflectometer of Figure 14 attached to the
headlamp.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 A torque of 2.25 Nm must be applied to the headlamp
assembly through the deflectometer and a reading on the thumbwheel is
taken. The torque must be removed and a second reading on the
thumbwheel is taken.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 Headlamps other than sealed beam headlamps must have
the downward force used to create the torque applied parallel to the
aiming reference plane, through the aiming pads, and displaced forward
using a lever arm such that the force is applied on an axis that is
perpendicular to the aiming reference plane and originates at the
center of the aiming pad pattern (see Figure 3).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6 For headlamps using the aiming pad locations of Group
I, the distance between the point of application of force and the
aiming reference plane is not less than 168.3 mm plus the distance from
the aiming reference plane to the secondary plane, if used.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7 For headlamps using the aiming pad locations of Group
II, the distance between the point of application of force and the
aiming reference plane is not less than 167.9 mm plus the distance to
the secondary plane, if used.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8 For headlamps using the nonadjustable Headlamp Aiming
Device Locating Plates for the 146 mm diameter, the 176 mm diameter,
and the 92x150 mm sealed beam, the distance between the point of
application of force and the aiming plane is not, respectively, less
than 177.4 mm, 176.2 mm, and 193.7 mm.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. The aim of each sample
headlamp must not deviate more than 0.30[deg] when the downward torque
is removed.
    S14.6.14 Retaining ring test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. A sample headlamp with the minimum flange
thickness of: Type A-31.5 mm, Type B-10.1 mm, Type C-11.8 mm, Type D-
11.8 mm, Type E-31.5 mm, and Type F-8.6 mm, is secured between the
appropriate mounting ring and retaining ring (mounting ring and aiming
ring for Type F).
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. The sample headlamp when
secured per the procedure must be held tight enough that it will not
rattle.
    S14.6.15 Headlamp connector test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. A sample headlamp connected into the test
circuit of Figure 4 has the power supply adjusted until 10 amperes DC
are flowing through the circuit. The test is repeated for each filament
circuit of the headlamp.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. The voltage drop, as measured
in the test circuit of Figure 4, must not exceed 40 mv DC in any
applicable filament circuit of the sample headlamp.
    S14.6.16 Headlamp wattage test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. A sample headlamp that has been seasoned is
energized so as to have 12.8v  20 mv DC applied across each
filament circuit and the current flowing in each circuit is measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. The wattage of each filament
circuit of the sample headlamp must not exceed the applicable value for
that type of headlamp as shown in Table II.
    S14.6.17 Aiming adjustment test-laboratory.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. A sample headlamp is mounted in design
position at nominal (H = 0, V = 0) aim with an accurate measuring
device such as a spot projector or other equally accurate means
attached. The headlamp is adjusted to the extremes of travel in each
horizontal and vertical direction.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. Visually aimed lower beam
headlamps without a VHAD are required not to have a horizontal
adjustment mechanism and horizontal aim range requirements do not
apply.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A sample sealed beam headlamp, other than a Type F,
tested per the procedure must provide a minimum of
4.0[deg] adjustment range in both the vertical and horizontal planes
and if equipped with independent vertical and horizontal aiming screws,
the adjustment must be such that neither the vertical nor horizontal
aim must deviate more than 100 mm from horizontal or vertical planes,
respectively, at a distance of 7.6 m through an angle of
4.0[deg].
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 A sample Type F sealed beam, integral beam,
replaceable bulb, or combination headlamp tested per the procedure must
provide a minimum of  4.0[deg] adjustment range in the
vertical plane and  2.5[deg] in the horizontal plane and if
equipped with independent vertical and horizontal aiming screws, the
adjustment must be such that neither the vertical nor horizontal aim
must deviate more than 100 mm from horizontal or vertical planes,
respectively, at a distance of 7.6 m through an angle of
2.5[deg] and  4.0[deg], respectively.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 A sample headlamp that is aimed by moving the
reflector relative to the lens and headlamp housing, and vice versa
must provide a minimum adjustment range in the vertical plane not less
than the full range of the pitch on the vehicle on which it is
installed and  2.5[deg] in the horizontal plane.
    S14.6.18 Aiming adjustment test-on vehicle.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A sample headlamp is mounted on the vehicle at nominal
(H = 0, V = 0) aim with an accurate measuring device such as a spot
projector or other equally accurate means attached.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The installed range of static pitch angle is, at a
minimum, determined from unloaded vehicle weight to gross vehicle
weight rating, and incorporates pitch angle effects from maximum
trailer or trunk loadings, the full range of tire intermix sizes and
suspensions recommended and/or installed by the vehicle manufacturer,
and the anticipated effects of variable passenger loading.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The headlamp is adjusted to the extremes of travel in
each horizontal and vertical direction.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A sample headlamp tested per the procedure must
provide a minimum vertical adjustment range not less than the full
range of pitch of the vehicle on which it is installed.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The vertical aim mechanism must be continuously
variable over the full range.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The adjustment of one aim axis through its full on-
vehicle range must not cause the aim of the other axis to deviate more
than  0.76[deg]. If this performance is not achievable, the
requirements of S<IP_ADDRESS> apply, except that if the aiming mechanism
is not a VHAD, the requirements specific to VHADs are not applicable,
and the instruction must be specific to the aiming mechanism installed.
    S14.7 Replaceable light source physical test procedures and
performance requirements.
    S14.7.1 Deflection test for replaceable light sources.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 With the sample light source rigidly mounted in a
fixture in a manner indicated in Figure 8, a force 4.0  0.1
pounds (17.8  0.4N) is applied at a distance ``A'' from the
reference plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the glass
capsule and parallel to the smallest dimension of the pressed glass
capsule seal.

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The force is applied (using a rod with a hard rubber
tip with a minimum spherical radius of .039 in [1 mm]) radially to the
surface of the glass capsule in four locations in a plane parallel to
the reference plane and spaced at a distance ``A'' from that plane.
These force applications are spaced 90[deg] apart starting at the point
perpendicular to the smallest dimension of the pressed seal of the
glass capsule.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3. The bulb deflection is measured at the glass capsule
surface at 180[deg] opposite to the force application. Distance ``A''
for a replaceable light source other than an HB Type is the dimension
provided in accordance with Appendix A of part 564 of this chapter,
section I.A.1 if the light source has a lower beam filament, or as
specified in section I.B.1 if the light source has only an upper beam
filament.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
deflection test, a sample light source must have no permanent
deflection of the glass envelope exceeding 0.13 mm in the direction of
applied force.
    S14.7.2 Pressure test for replaceable light sources.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The capsule, lead wires and/or terminals, and seal on
each sample Type HB1, Type HB3, Type HB4, and Type HB5 light source,
and on any other replaceable light source which uses a seal, is
installed in a pressure chamber as shown in Figure 10 so as to provide
an airtight seal. The diameter of the aperture in Figure 10 on a
replaceable light source (other than an HB Type) must be that dimension
furnished for such light source in compliance with Appendix A or
Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The light source is immersed in water for one minute
while inserted in a cylindrical aperture specified for the light
source, and subjected to an air pressure of 70 KPa (10 psig) on the
glass capsule side.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
pressure test, the sample light source with an airtight seal on the low
pressure (connector side) must show no evidence of air bubbles on that
side.
    S14.7.3 Replaceable light source power and flux measurement
procedure. The measurement of maximum power and luminous flux that is
submitted in compliance with section VII of Appendix A of part 564 of
this chapter, or section IV of Appendix B of part 564 of this chapter,
is made in accordance with this paragraph.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Seasoning. The filament or discharge arc is seasoned
before measurement of either maximum power and luminous flux.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Resistive filament source. Seasoning of a light source
with a resistive element type filament is made in accordance with this
S<IP_ADDRESS> of this standard.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Discharge source. For a light source using excited gas
mixtures as a filament or discharge arc, seasoning of the light source
system, including any ballast required for its operation, is made in
accordance with section 4.0 of SAE Recommended Practice J2009 FEB93,
Discharge Forward Lighting Systems.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Test voltage. Measurements are made with a direct current
test voltage of 12.8 v regulated within one quarter of one percent.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Luminous flux measurement. The measurement of luminous
flux is made in accordance with the Illuminating Engineering Society of
North America, LM 45; IES Approved Method for Electrical and
Photometric Measurements of General Service Incandescent Filament Lamps
(April 1980) (incorporated by reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this
title).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Resistive filament light source setup. Luminous flux
measurements are made with the black cap installed on Type HB1, Type
HB2, Type HB4, and Type HB5, and on any other replaceable light source
so designed; and is with the electrical conductor and light source base
shrouded with an opaque white cover, except for the portion normally
located within the interior of the lamp housing. The measurement of
luminous flux for the Types HB3 and HB4 is made with the base covered
with a white cover as shown in the drawings for Types HB3 and HB4 filed
in Docket No. NHTSA 98-3397. The white covers are used to eliminate the
likelihood of incorrect lumen measurement that will occur should the
reflectance of the light source base and electrical connector be low.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Discharge light source setup. With the test voltage
applied to the ballast input terminals, the measurement of luminous
flux is made with the black cap installed, if so designed, and is made
with an opaque white colored cover, except for the portion normally
located within the interior of the lamp housing.
    S14.8 Vehicle headlamp aiming devices (VHAD) physical test
procedures and performance requirements.
    S14.8.1 Samples. The same VHAD and associated headlamp(s) or
headlamp assembly must be rigidly mounted in a headlamp test fixture
with the aiming plane horizontal and vertical and with the scale on the
device set at 0.
    S14.8.2 Scale graduation test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. Check each graduation on the horizontal and
vertical aim scales.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. Scale graduation from correct
aim must not exceed  0.2[deg] horizontally and
0.1[deg] vertically.
    S14.8.3 Cold scale graduation test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The VHAD and an unlighted headlamp assembly
must then be stabilized at -7[deg]  3[deg]C in a
circulating air environmental test chamber for a 30 minute temperature
soak.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of a 30 minute
temperature soak the variation from correct aim shown by the sample
VHAD must not exceed  0.2[deg] horizontally and  0.1[deg] vertically.
    S14.8.4 Hot scale graduation test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The VHAD and the headlamp assembly with its
highest wattage filament, or combination of filaments intended to be
used simultaneously, energized at its design voltage, is then
stabilized at 38[deg]  3 [deg]C in a circulating air
environmental test chamber for a 30 minute temperature soak.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of a 30 minute
temperature soak the variation from correct aim shown by the sample
VHAD must not exceed  0.2[deg] horizontally and  0.1[deg] vertically.
    S14.8.5 Thermal cycle test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The VHAD and an unlighted headlamp assembly
are then placed in a circulating air environmental test chamber and
exposed to a temperature of 60[deg]  3[deg]C for 24 hours,
followed by a temperature of -40[deg]  3[deg]C for 24
hours, and are then permitted to return to room temperature.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the thermal
cycle test the variation from correct aim shown by the sample VHAD must
not exceed  0.2[deg] horizontally and  0.1[deg]
vertically and the VHAD and headlamp assembly must show no damage which
would impair its ability to perform as specified in this standard.
    S14.8.6 Corrosion test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The VHAD and headlamp assembly are then tested
according to the headlamp corrosion test of S14.6.3.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. After completion of the
corrosion test the sample VHAD and headlamp must not have any observed
corrosion that would result in the failure of any other

applicable tests contained in this section.
    S14.8.7 Photometry test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure. The VHAD and headlamp assembly are then tested
for photometric compliance according to the procedure of S14.2.5 and
for replacement units per S<IP_ADDRESS>.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. The sample headlamp must comply
with the applicable photometric requirements of Table XIX and Table
XVIII and with replacement units installed per S<IP_ADDRESS>.
    S14.9 Associated equipment physical test procedures and performance
requirements.
    S14.9.1 Turn signal operating unit durability test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Power supply specifications. During the test, the unit is
operated at 6.4 volts for 6 volt systems or 12.8 volts for 12 volt
systems from a power supply meeting the following requirements:
    (a) An output current that is at least 10 times the load current;
    (b) Voltage regulation that allows a voltage change of less than
5%;
    (c) Ripple voltage of not more than 5%;
    (d) A response time of not more than 25 milliseconds rise time from
0 to rated current at rated voltage in a pure resistance circuit; and
    (e) An output impedance of not more than 0.005 ohms dc.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The sample unit is operated with the maximum bulb load
it will experience on the vehicle on which it will be installed. Bulbs
that fail during the test are replaced. The turn signal flasher is not
to be included in the test circuit. When the unit includes a self-
canceling means, the test equipment is arranged so that the unit will
be turned ``off'' in its normal operating manner.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The test is conducted at a rate not to exceed 15
complete cycles per minute. One complete cycle consists of the
following sequence: Off, left turn, off, right turn, and return to off.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The voltage drop from the input terminal of the device
to each lamp output terminal, including 3 in of 16 or 18 gage wire, is
measured at the start of the test, at intervals of not more than 25,000
cycles during the test, and at the completion of the test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 A turn signal operating unit is considered to have met
the requirements of the durability test if it remains operational after
completing at least 100,000 cycles, and the voltage drop between the
input contact and any output contact, including required length of
wire, does not exceed 0.25 volts.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 A turn signal operating unit is considered to have met
the requirements of the durability test if it remains operational after
completing at least 175,000 cycles for a unit installed on a
multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus 2032 mm or more in
overall width, and the voltage drop between the input contact and any
output contact, including required length of wire, does not exceed 0.25
volts.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 If stop signals also operate through the turn signal
operating unit, the voltage drop of any additional switch contacts must
meet the same requirements as the turn signal contacts.
    S14.9.2 Vehicular hazard warning signal operating unit durability
test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 The sample unit is operated at its rated voltage with
the maximum bulb load it will experience on the vehicle on which it
will be installed. Bulbs that fail during the test are replaced. The
hazard warning signal flasher is not to be included in the test
circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 The unit is turned ``on'' and ``off'' in its normal
operating manner at a rate not to exceed 15 complete cycles per minute.
One complete cycle consists of the sequence: Off, on, and return to
off. The test consists of 10,000 cycles at an ambient temperature of
75[deg]  10 [deg]F followed by 1 hour constant ``on'' at
the same temperature.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 The voltage drop from the input terminal of the device
to each lamp output terminal, including 3 in of 16 or 18 gage wire, is
measured at the start of the test and at the completion of the test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Performance requirements. A hazard warning signal
operating unit is considered to have met the requirements of the
durability test if it remains operational after completing 10,000
cycles and the 1 hour constant ``on'' and the voltage drop between the
input contact and any output contact, including required length of
wire, does not exceed 0.3 volts for either 6.4 or 12.8 line voltage
both at the start and completion of the test.
    S14.9.3 Turn signal flasher and vehicular hazard warning signal
flasher tests.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Standard test circuit. All turn signal flasher and
vehicular hazard warning signal flasher tests use the standard test
circuit of Figure 22.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Test circuit setup.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.1 The effective series resistance in the total circuit
between the power supply and the bulb sockets (excluding the flasher
and bulb load(s) using shorting bars) is 0.10  0.01 ohm.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.2 The circuit resistance at A-B of Figure 22 is
measured with flasher and bulb load(s) each shorted out with an
effective shunt resistance not to exceed 0.005 ohms.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.3 The voltage to the bulbs at C-D of Figure 22 is
adjusted to 12.8 volts (or 6.4 volts) with the flasher shorted out by
an effective shunt resistance not to exceed 0.005 ohms. The load
current is adjusted by simultaneously adjusting trimmer resistors, R.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.4 For testing fixed-load flashers at other required
voltages, adjust the power supply to provide required voltages, at the
required temperatures, at C-D of Figure 22, without readjustment of
trimming resistors, R.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.5 For variable-load flashers, the circuit is first
adjusted for 12.8 volts (or 6.4 volts) at C-D of Figure 22, with the
minimum required load, and the power supply is adjusted to provide
other required test voltages, at required temperatures, at C-D of
Figure 22, without readjustment of trimming resistors, R (each such
required voltage being set with the minimum required load in place).
The required voltage tests with the maximum load are conducted without
readjusting each corresponding power supply voltage, previously set
with minimum bulb load.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1.6 A suitable high impedance measuring device connected
to points X-Y in Figure 22 is used for measuring flash rate, percent
current ``on'' time, and voltage drop across the flasher. The
measurement of these quantities does not affect the circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Power supply specifications.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Starting time, voltage drop, and flash rate and percent
current ``on'' time tests. The power supply used in the standard test
circuit for conducting the starting time, the voltage drop, and the
flash rate and percent current ``on'' time tests must comply with the
following specifications:
    (a) Must not generate any adverse transients not present in motor
vehicles;
    (b) Be capable of supplying 11-16 vdc for 12 volt flashers and 5-9
vdc for 6 volt flashers to the input terminals of the standard test
circuit;
    (c) Be capable of supplying required design current(s) continuously
and inrush currents as required by the design bulb load complement;
    (d) Be capable of supplying an output voltage that does not deviate
more than 2% with changes in the static load from 0 to maximum (not
including inrush

current) nor for static input line voltage variations;
    (e) Be capable of supplying an output voltage that does not deviate
more than 1.0 vdc from 0 to maximum load (including inrush current) and
must recover 63% of its maximum excursion within 100 [mu]sec; and
    (f) Have a ripple voltage of 75mv, peak to peak.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Durability tests. The power supply used in the standard
test circuit for conducting durability tests must comply with the
following specifications:
    (a) Must not generate any adverse transients not present in motor
vehicles;
    (b) Be capable of supplying 13 vdc and 14 vdc for 12 volt flashers
and 6.5 vdc and 7 vdc for 6 volt flashers to the input terminals of the
standard test circuit;
    (c) Be capable of supplying a continuous output current of the
design load for one flasher times the number of flashers and inrush
currents as required by the design bulb load complement;
    (d) Be capable of supplying an output voltage that does not deviate
more than 2% with changes in the static load from 0 to maximum (not
including inrush current) and means must be provided to compensate for
static input line voltage variations;
    (e) Be capable of supplying an output voltage that does not deviate
more than 1.0 vdc from 0 to maximum load (including inrush current) and
must recover 63% of its maximum excursion within 5 [mu]sec; and
    (f) Have a ripple voltage of 300 mv, peak to peak.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Turn signal flasher starting time test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. Twenty sample flashers chosen from random from
fifty representative samples are subjected to a starting time test
using the standard test circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The test is conducted in an ambient temperature of 75
 10 [deg]F with the design load (variable load flashers are
tested with their minimum and their maximum design load) connected and
the power source for the test circuit adjusted to apply design voltage
at the bulbs.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The time measurement starts when the voltage is
initially applied. Compliance is based on an average of three starts
for each sample separated by a cooling interval of 5 minutes.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the
starting time test are considered to have been met if 17 of 20 samples
comply with the following:
    (a) A flasher having normally closed contacts must open (turn off)
within 1.0 second for a device designed to operate two signal lamps, or
within 1.25 seconds for a device designed to operate more than two
lamps, or
    (b) A flasher having normally open contacts must complete the first
cycle (close the contacts and then open the contacts) within 1.5
seconds.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Turn signal flasher voltage drop test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. The same twenty sample flashers used in the
starting time test are subjected to a voltage drop test using the
standard test circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The test is conducted in an ambient temperature of 75
 10 [deg]F with the design load (variable load flashers are
tested with their maximum design load) connected and the power source
for the standard test circuit adjusted to apply 12.8 volts or 6.4 volts
at the bulbs according to the flasher rating.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The voltage drop is measured between the input and
load terminals of the flasher during the ``on'' period after the
flashers have completed at least five consecutive cycles.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the
voltage drop test are considered to have been met if 17 of 20 samples
comply with the lowest voltage drop across any flasher not exceeding
0.80 volt.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Turn signal flasher flash rate and percent current ``on''
time test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. The same twenty sample flashers used in the
voltage drop test are subjected to a flash rate and percent of current
``on'' time test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The test is conducted using the standard test circuit
with the design load (variable load flashers are tested with their
minimum and their maximum design load) connected and design voltage
applied to the bulbs.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 Compliance is determined using the following
combinations of ambient temperature and bulb voltage:
    (a) 12.8 volts (or 6.4 volts) and 75[deg]  10 [deg]F,
    (b) 12.0 volts (or 6.0 volts) and 0[deg]  5 [deg]F,
    (c) 15.0 volts (or 7.5 volts) and 0[deg]  5 [deg]F,
    (d) 11.0 volts (or 5.5 volts) and 125[deg]  5 [deg]F,
and
    (e) 14.0 volts (or 7.0 volts) and 125[deg]  5 [deg]F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 Flash rate and percent current ``on'' time are
measured after the flashers have completed five consecutive cycles and
are determined by an average of at least three consecutive cycles.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the flash
rate and percent current ``on'' time test are considered to have been
met if 17 of 20 samples comply with the following:
    (a) The performance of a normally closed type flasher must be
within the unshaded portion of the polygon shown in Figure 2, or
    (b) The performance of a normally open type flasher must be within
the entire rectangle including the shaded areas shown in Figure 2.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Turn signal flasher durability test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. Twenty sample flashers chosen from random from
the thirty samples not used in the previous tests are subjected to a
durability test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 Conformance of the samples to the starting time,
voltage drop, and flash rate and percent of current ``on'' time tests
(limited to the 12.8 volts or 6.4 volts and 75[deg]
10[deg] F test condition only) is established.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The test is conducted on each sample with the design
load (variable load flashers are tested with their maximum design load)
connected and 14 volts or 7.0 volts, according to the flasher rating,
applied to the input terminals of the standard test circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 The test cycle consists of 15 seconds on followed by
15 seconds off for a total time of 200 hours in an ambient temperature
of 75[deg]  10[deg] F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the
durability test are considered to have been met if, after completion,
17 of 20 samples comply with the performance requirements of the
starting time, voltage drop, and flash rate and percent of current
``on'' time tests (limited to the 12.8 volts or 6.4 volts and 75[deg]
 10[deg] F test condition only) when tested in the standard
test circuit with design load and 12.8 volts (or 6.4 volts) applied to
the bulbs.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher starting time
test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. Twenty sample flashers chosen from random from
fifty representative samples are subjected to a starting time test
using the standard test circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The test is conducted test in an ambient temperature
of 75[deg]  10[deg] F with the minimum and maximum load
connected and the power source for the test circuit adjusted to apply
design voltage at the bulbs.

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The time measurement starts when the voltage is
initially applied.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the
starting time test are considered to have been met if 17 of 20 samples
comply with the following:
    (a) A flasher having normally closed contacts must open (turn off)
within 1.5 seconds after the voltage is applied, or
    (b) A flasher having normally open contacts must complete the first
cycle (close the contacts and then open the contacts) within 1.5
seconds after the voltage is applied.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher voltage drop
test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. The same twenty sample flashers used in the
starting time test are subjected to a voltage drop test using the
standard test circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The test is conducted in an ambient temperature of
75[deg]  10[deg] F with the maximum design load connected
and the power source for the test circuit adjusted to apply design
voltage at the bulbs.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The voltage drop is measured between the input and
load terminals of the flasher during the ``on'' period after the
flashers have completed at least five consecutive cycles.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the
voltage drop test are considered to have been met if 17 of 20 samples
comply with the lowest voltage drop across any flasher must not exceed
0.8 volt.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher flash rate and
percent ``on'' time test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. The same twenty sample flashers used in the
voltage drop test are subjected to a flash rate and percent of current
``on'' time test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 The test is conducted using the standard test circuit
by and applying loads of from two signal lamps to the maximum design
loading including pilot indicator.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 Compliance is determined using the following
combinations of ambient temperature and bulb voltage:
    (a) 12.8 volts (or 6.4 volts) and 75[deg]  10[deg] F,
    (b) 11.0 volts (or 5.5 volts) and 125[deg]  5[deg] F,
    (c) 11.0 volts (or 5.5 volts) and 0[deg]  5[deg] F,
    (d) 13.0 volts (or 6.5 volts) and 125[deg]  5[deg] F,
and
    (e) 13.0 volts (or 6.5 volts) and 0[deg]  5[deg] F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 Flash rate and percent current ``on'' time are
measured after the flashers have completed five consecutive cycles and
are determined by an average of at least three consecutive cycles.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the flash
rate and percent current ``on'' time test are considered to have been
met if 17 of 20 samples comply with the following:
    (a) The performance of a normally closed type flasher must be
within the unshaded portion of the polygon shown in Figure 2, or
    (b) The performance of a normally open type flasher must be within
the entire rectangle including the shaded areas shown in Figure 2.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Vehicular hazard warning signal flasher durability test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Samples. Twenty sample flashers chosen from random
from the thirty samples not used in the previous tests are subjected to
a durability test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 Conformance of the samples to the starting time,
voltage drop, and flash rate and percent of current ``on'' time tests
(limited to the 12.8 volts or 6.4 volts and 75[deg]
10[deg] F test condition only) is established.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 The test is conducted on each sample with the
maximum design load connected and 13.0 volts (or 6.5 volts) applied to
the input terminals of the standard test circuit.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 The flasher is subjected to continuous flashing for
a total time of 36 hours in an ambient temperature of 75[deg] < plus-
minus> 10[deg] F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Performance requirements. The requirements of the
durability test are considered to have been met if, after completion,
17 of 20 samples comply with the performance requirements of the
starting time, voltage drop, and flash rate and percent of current
``on'' time tests (limited to the 12.8 volts or 6.4 volts and 75[deg]
 10[deg] F test condition only) when tested in the standard
test circuit with the power source adjusted to provide design voltage
to the bulbs and with a minimum load of two signal lamp bulbs and the
maximum design load, including pilot lamps, as specified by the
manufacturer at an ambient temperature of 75[deg]  10[deg]
F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS> Semiautomatic headlamp beam switching device tests.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.1 Test conditions. All tests are conducted with 13 volts
input to the device unless otherwise specified.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2 Sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.1 Samples. The sample device is mounted in and
operated in the laboratory in the same environment as that encountered
on the vehicle, that is tinted glass, grille work, etc.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2.1 The sample device is adjusted for sensitivity in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It is exposed to a
light source capable of providing a variable intensity of at least 1.5
cd to 150 cd at 100 feet from the sample device.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2.2 The device is switched to the lower beam mode in
accordance with the ``dim'' limits specified and switched back to the
upper beam mode in accordance with the ``hold'' limits specified for
the specified test positions.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.2.3 To provide more complete information on
sensitivity throughout the required vertical and horizontal angles, a
set of constant footcandle curves are made at ``dim'' sensitivities of
17, 25, and 100 cd at 100 ft.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3 Performance requirements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3.1 Operating limits.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Test position (degrees)                Dim (cd at 100 ft)                 Hold (cd at 100 ft)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
H V......................................  Adjust to 15...............  1.5 min to 3.75 max.
H 2L.....................................  25 max.....................  1.5 min.
H 4L.....................................  40 max.....................  1.5 min.
H 6L.....................................  75 max.....................  1.5 min.
H 2R.....................................  25 max.....................  1.5 min.
H 5R.....................................  150 max to 40 min..........  1.5 min.
1D V.....................................  30 max.....................  1.5 min.
1U V.....................................  30 max.....................  1.5 min.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    S<IP_ADDRESS>.2.3.2 There must be no sensitivity voids shown in the
constant footcandle curves within the area limited by the test
positions.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3 Voltage regulation test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1.2 The ``dim'' sensitivity is measured at the H-V
test position at 11 volts input to the device and at 15 volts input to
the device.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.3.2 Performance requirements. The device must switch to
the lower beam mode at between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at 100 ft)
with the input voltage at 11 volts and at 15 volts.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4 Manual override test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1.2 The device is exposed to a test light that causes
it to switch to the lower beam mode.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1.3 The manufacturer's instructions are followed to
cause the device to override the test light and switch to upper beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1.4 In a similar manner, the test light is
extinguished to cause the device to switch to the upper beam mode.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.1.5 Again the manufacturer's instructions are followed
to cause the device to switch to lower beam.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.4.2 Performance requirements. The device, when operated
in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, must switch to the
opposite beam with the test light energized and with the test light
extinguished.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5 Warmup test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test and the test lamp
extinguished.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1.2 The test lamp will then be energized at a level of
25 (cd at 100 ft) at the H-V position of the device and the time for
the device to switch to lower beam is measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.5.2 Performance requirements. If the warmup time of the
device exceeds 10 seconds it shall maintain the headlamps on lower beam
during warmup.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6 Temperature test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1.1 The sample device is exposed for 1 hour in a
temperature corresponding to that at the device mounting location.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1.2 For a device mounted in the passenger compartment
or the engine compartment, the temperature is 210[deg] F, mounted
elsewhere, the temperature is 150[deg] F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1.3 After this exposure the H-V ``dim'' sensitivity of
the sample device is measured over the temperature range of -30[deg] F
to +100[deg] F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.6.2 Performance requirements. The device must switch to
the lower beam mode between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at 100 ft) over
the temperature range of -30[deg] F to +100[deg] F.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7 Dust test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.2 The device is then subjected to the dust test of
S14.5.3.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1.3 At the conclusion of the dust exposure the lens of
the device must be wiped clean and the H-V ``dim'' sensitivity of the
sample device is measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.7.2 Performance requirements. The device must switch to
the lower beam mode between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at 100 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8 Corrosion test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8.1.2 All system components located outside the
passenger compartment must be subjected to the corrosion test of
S14.5.4 with the device not operating.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8.1.3 Water is not permitted to accumulate on any
connector socket.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8.1.4 At the conclusion of the test the H-V ``dim''
sensitivity of the sample device must be measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.8.2 Performance requirements. The sample device must
switch to the lower beam mode between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at
100 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9 Vibration test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test and the mechanical aim of
the photounit determined.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.1.2 The sample device must be mounted in proper
vehicle position and subjected to vibration of 5g constant acceleration
for \1/2\ hour in each of three directions: vertical; horizontal and
parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis; and horizontal and normal to
the vehicle longitudinal axis.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.1.3 The vibration frequency must be varied from 30 to
200 and back to 30 cycles per second over a period of approximately 1
minute.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.1.4 The device must be operating during the test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.1.5 At the conclusion of the test the H-V ``dim''
sensitivity of the sample device and the mechanical aim of the
photounit must be measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.2 Performance requirements.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.2.1 The sample device must switch to the lower beam
mode between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at 100 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.9.2.2 The mechanical aim of the device photounit must
not have changed by more than 0.25[deg] from the initial value.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.10 Sunlight test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.10.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.10.1.1 The sample device must be exposed for 1 hour in
bright noonday sunlight (5000 fc minimum illumination with a clear sky)
with the photounit aimed as it would be in service and facing an
unobstructed portion of the horizon in the direction of the sun.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.10.1.2 The device must then be rested for 1 hour in
normal room light at room temperature and the H-V ``dim'' sensitivity
of the sample device is measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.10.2 Performance requirements. The sample device must
switch to the lower beam mode between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at
100 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.11 Durability test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.11.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.11.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.11.1.2 The device photounit operated at a 13.0 input
voltage on a cycle of 90 minutes on and 30 minutes off must be
activated by a 60 cd light source at 100 ft, or equivalent, which is
cycled on and off 4 times per minute for a period of 200 hours.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.11.1.3 The device must then rest for 2 hours in a
lighted area of 50 to 150 fc after which the H-V ``dim'' sensitivity
must be measured.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.11.2 Performance requirements. The sample device must
switch to the lower beam mode between 8 (cd at 100 ft) and 25 (cd at
100 ft).
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.12 Return to upper beam test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.12.1 Procedure.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.12.1.1 The sensitivity of the sample device is adjusted
so that it complies with the sensitivity test.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.12.1.2 The lens of the photounit must be exposed to
light of 100 fc for 10 seconds.
    S<IP_ADDRESS>.12.2 Performance requirements. The sample device must
switch to upper beam mode within 2 seconds after the 100 fc light is
extinguished.

                                Table I.-a--Required Lamps and Reflective Devices
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         Lighting device           Number and color   Mounting  location    Mounting height    Device activation
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  All Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lower Beam Headlamps............  White, of a         On the front, at    Not less than 55.9
                                   headlighting        the same height,    cm nor more than
                                   system listed in    symmetrically       137.2 cm.
                                   Table II.           about the          The wiring harness
                                                       vertical            or connector
                                                       centerline, as      assembly of each
                                                       far apart as        headlighting
                                                       practicable.        system must be
                                                                           designed so that
                                                                           only those light
                                                                           sources intended
                                                                           for meeting lower
                                                                           beam photometrics
                                                                           are energized
                                                                           when the beam
                                                                           selector switch
                                                                           is in the lower
                                                                           beam position,
                                                                           and that only
                                                                           those light
                                                                           sources intended
                                                                           for meeting upper
                                                                           beam photometrics
                                                                           are energized
                                                                           when the beam
                                                                           selector switch