1359....................................................            32.6
1360....................................................            31.5
1361....................................................            30.0
1362....................................................            28.8
1363....................................................            27.3
1364....................................................            23.8
1365....................................................            23.0
1366....................................................            23.0
1367....................................................            22.3
1368....................................................            20.4
1369....................................................            18.8
1370....................................................            17.7
1371....................................................            16.1
1372....................................................            14.6
1373....................................................            12.7
1374....................................................            11.1
1375....................................................             9.2
1376....................................................             8.8
1377....................................................             7.3
1378....................................................             6.1
1379....................................................             5.0
1380....................................................             4.2
1381....................................................             3.5
1382....................................................             2.7
1383....................................................             2.3
1384....................................................             1.5
1385....................................................             1.2
1386....................................................             0.0
1387....................................................             1.2
1388....................................................             4.2
1389....................................................             7.3
1390....................................................             8.8
1391....................................................            10.8
1392....................................................            12.3
1393....................................................            13.1
1394....................................................            12.3
1395....................................................            12.3
1396....................................................            11.5
1397....................................................            11.5
1398....................................................            11.1
1399....................................................            11.1
1400....................................................            11.1
1401....................................................            13.1
1402....................................................            15.0
1403....................................................            16.9
1404....................................................            16.9
1405....................................................            16.1
1406....................................................            15.7
1407....................................................            15.4
1408....................................................            15.0
1409....................................................            13.8
1410....................................................            10.8
1411....................................................             8.4
1412....................................................             6.1
1413....................................................             4.2
1414....................................................             3.5
1415....................................................             3.5
1416....................................................             1.5
1417....................................................             0.0
1418....................................................             0.0
1419....................................................             0.0
1420....................................................             0.0
1421....................................................             0.0
1422....................................................             0.0
1423....................................................             0.0
1424....................................................             0.0
1425....................................................             0.0
1426....................................................             0.0
1427....................................................             0.0
1428....................................................             0.0
1429....................................................             0.0
1430....................................................             0.0
1431....................................................             0.0
1432....................................................             0.0
1433....................................................             0.0
1434....................................................             0.0
1435....................................................             0.0
1436....................................................             0.0
1437....................................................             0.0
1438....................................................             0.0
1439....................................................             0.0
1440....................................................             0.0
1441....................................................             0.0
1442....................................................             0.0
1443....................................................             0.0
1444....................................................             0.0
1445....................................................             0.0
1446....................................................             0.0
1447....................................................             0.0
1448....................................................             0.0
1449....................................................             0.0
1450....................................................             0.0
1451....................................................             0.0
1452....................................................             0.0
1453....................................................             0.0
1454....................................................             0.0
1455....................................................             0.0
1456....................................................             1.2
1457....................................................             4.2
1458....................................................             7.3
1459....................................................             8.8
1460....................................................            10.8
1461....................................................            12.3
1462....................................................            13.1
1463....................................................            12.3
1464....................................................            12.3
1465....................................................            11.5
1466....................................................            11.5
1467....................................................            11.1
1468....................................................            11.1
1469....................................................            11.1
1470....................................................            13.1
1471....................................................            15.0
1472....................................................            16.9
1473....................................................            16.9
1474....................................................            16.1
1475....................................................            15.7
1476....................................................            15.4
1477....................................................            15.0
1478....................................................            13.8
1479....................................................            10.8
1480....................................................             8.4
1481....................................................             6.1
1482....................................................             4.2
1483....................................................             3.5
1484....................................................             3.5
1485....................................................             1.5
1486....................................................             0.0
1487....................................................             0.0
1488....................................................             0.0
1489....................................................             0.0
1490....................................................             0.0
1491....................................................             0.0
1492....................................................             0.0

1493....................................................             0.0
1494....................................................             0.0
1495....................................................             0.0
1496....................................................             0.0
1497....................................................             0.0
1498....................................................             1.2
1499....................................................             3.5
1500....................................................             7.7
1501....................................................            11.1
1502....................................................            13.8
1503....................................................            16.5
1504....................................................            18.4
1505....................................................            20.4
1506....................................................            20.7
1507....................................................            19.6
1508....................................................            17.3
1509....................................................            12.3
1510....................................................             8.1
1511....................................................             6.1
1512....................................................             9.6
1513....................................................            12.7
1514....................................................            15.7
1515....................................................            18.0
1516....................................................            20.4
1517....................................................            21.9
1518....................................................            23.4
1519....................................................            23.8
1520....................................................            24.6
1521....................................................            25.0
1522....................................................            26.1
1523....................................................            26.1
1524....................................................            26.9
1525....................................................            26.9
1526....................................................            26.9
1527....................................................            26.5
1528....................................................            25.7
1529....................................................            21.9
1530....................................................            16.5
1531....................................................            10.0
1532....................................................             4.6
1533....................................................             1.5
1534....................................................             0.4
1535....................................................             0.0
1536....................................................             0.0
1537....................................................             0.0
1538....................................................             0.0
1539....................................................             0.0
1540....................................................             0.0
1541....................................................             0.0
1542....................................................             0.0
1543....................................................             0.4
1544....................................................             1.2
1545....................................................             1.9
1546....................................................             3.8
1547....................................................             7.7
1548....................................................            11.5
1549....................................................            14.6
1550....................................................            18.0
1551....................................................            21.5
1552....................................................            25.0
1553....................................................            28.4
1554....................................................            30.7
1555....................................................            31.9
1556....................................................            32.3
1557....................................................            32.3
1558....................................................            31.9
1559....................................................            30.3
1560....................................................            28.0
1561....................................................            24.2
1562....................................................            20.0
1563....................................................            16.1
1564....................................................            11.5
1565....................................................             8.1
1566....................................................             5.0
1567....................................................             3.5
1568....................................................             1.9
1569....................................................             0.0
1570....................................................             0.0
1571....................................................             0.0
1572....................................................             0.0
1573....................................................             0.0
1574....................................................             0.0
1575....................................................             0.0
1576....................................................             0.0
1577....................................................             0.0
1578....................................................             1.5
1579....................................................             6.9
1580....................................................            12.7
1581....................................................            16.5
1582....................................................            20.0
1583....................................................            23.0
1584....................................................            25.7
1585....................................................            28.0
1586....................................................            30.7
1587....................................................            32.6
1588....................................................            34.2
1589....................................................            35.3
1590....................................................            36.9
1591....................................................            36.9
1592....................................................            37.2
1593....................................................            37.6
1594....................................................            37.6
1595....................................................            37.6
1596....................................................            37.2
1597....................................................            37.2
1598....................................................            36.9
1599....................................................            36.5
1600....................................................            36.5
1601....................................................            34.9
1602....................................................            33.4
1603....................................................            31.9
1604....................................................            29.2
1605....................................................            25.0
1606....................................................            25.0
1607....................................................            26.1
1608....................................................            27.6
1609....................................................            29.2
1610....................................................            31.1
1611....................................................            32.3
1612....................................................            34.2
1613....................................................            34.9
1614....................................................            35.7
1615....................................................            36.5
1616....................................................            36.9
1617....................................................            36.9
1618....................................................            37.2
1619....................................................            37.6
1620....................................................            37.2
1621....................................................            37.6
1622....................................................            38.0
1623....................................................            38.4
1624....................................................            39.2
1625....................................................            39.6
1626....................................................            39.9
1627....................................................            40.7
1628....................................................            40.3
1629....................................................            41.1
1630....................................................            41.1
1631....................................................            40.7
1632....................................................            31.9
1633....................................................            23.9
1634....................................................            15.9
1635....................................................             7.9
1636....................................................             2.7
1637....................................................             0.4
1638....................................................             0.4
1639....................................................             2.7
1640....................................................             3.8
1641....................................................             3.8
1642....................................................             1.5
1643....................................................             0.0
1644....................................................             0.0
1645....................................................             0.0
1646....................................................             0.0
1647....................................................             0.0
1648....................................................             0.0
1649....................................................             0.0
1650....................................................             0.0
1651....................................................             0.0
1652....................................................             0.0
1653....................................................             0.0
1654....................................................             0.0
1655....................................................             0.0
1656....................................................             0.0
1657....................................................             0.0
1658....................................................             0.0
1659....................................................             0.0
1660....................................................             0.0
1661....................................................             0.0
1662....................................................             0.0
1663....................................................             0.0
1664....................................................             0.0
1665....................................................             0.0
1666....................................................             0.0
1667....................................................             0.0
1668....................................................             0.0
1669....................................................             0.0
1670....................................................             0.0
1671....................................................             0.0
1672....................................................             0.0
1673....................................................             1.5
1674....................................................             5.0
1675....................................................             8.8
1676....................................................            11.5
1677....................................................            14.2
1678....................................................            15.4
1679....................................................            16.1
1680....................................................            16.1
1681....................................................            16.9
1682....................................................            16.5
1683....................................................            16.9
1684....................................................            18.0
1685....................................................            19.2
1686....................................................            20.4
1687....................................................            20.4
1688....................................................            21.1
1689....................................................            21.1
1690....................................................            22.3
1691....................................................            23.0
1692....................................................            23.8
1693....................................................            24.2
1694....................................................            24.6
1695....................................................            25.0
1696....................................................            25.7
1697....................................................            25.7
1698....................................................            26.5
1699....................................................            27.6
1700....................................................            28.4
1701....................................................            29.2
1702....................................................            30.3
1703....................................................            31.1
1704....................................................            31.1
1705....................................................            30.7
1706....................................................            31.1
1707....................................................            29.6
1708....................................................            29.2
1709....................................................            29.2
1710....................................................            28.8
1711....................................................            28.0

1712....................................................            23.0
1713....................................................            21.1
1714....................................................            21.5
1715....................................................            20.7
1716....................................................            20.7
1717....................................................            19.6
1718....................................................            16.5
1719....................................................            13.1
1720....................................................             9.6
1721....................................................             7.3
1722....................................................             3.8
1723....................................................             0.8
1724....................................................             0.0
1725....................................................             0.0
1726....................................................             0.0
1727....................................................             0.0
1728....................................................             0.0
1729....................................................             0.0
1730....................................................             0.0
1731....................................................             0.0
1732....................................................             0.0
1733....................................................             0.0
1734....................................................             0.0
1735....................................................             0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) [Reserved]
* * * * *

Appendix XIII through Appendix XVIII to Part 86--[Removed]

0
208. Appendix XIII through Appendix XVIII to part 86 are removed.

PART 600--FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF
MOTOR VEHICLES

0
209. The authority citation for part 600 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 32901--23919q, Pub. L. 109-58.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
210. Section 600.001 is amended by adding paragraph (e) to read as
follows:

Sec.  600.001  General applicability.

* * * * *
    (e) You. The term ``you'' in this part refers to manufacturers
subject to the requirements of this part.

0
211. Section 600.002 is amended by revising the definitions for
``Alcohol'' and ``Alcohol-fueled automobile'' and adding a definition
for ``We (us, our)'' in alphabetical order to read as follows:

Sec.  600.002  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Alcohol means a mixture containing 85 percent or more by volume
methanol, denatured ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination.
    Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate
on alcohol, but not on gasoline.
* * * * *
    We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.
* * * * *

0
212. Section 600.011 is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (c)(2), and
(c)(3) to read as follows:

Sec.  600.011  Incorporation by reference.

* * * * *
    (b) ASTM International material. The following documents are
available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box
C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or http://www.astm.org/.
    (1) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils,
approved December 1, 2013, IBR approved for Sec.  600.107-08(b).
    (2) ASTM D1298-12b, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative
Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method, approved June 1, 2012, IBR approved for
Sec. Sec.  600.113-12(f) and 600.510-12(g).
    (3) ASTM D1945-03 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for
Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography, approved January 1,
2010, IBR approved for Sec.  600.113-12(f) and (k).
    (4) ASTM D3338/D3338M-09, Standard Test Method for Estimation of
Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels, approved April 15, 2009, IBR
approved for Sec.  600.113-12(f).
    (5) ASTM D3343-05 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for
Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels, approved October 1,
2010, IBR approved for Sec.  600.113-12(f).
    (c) * * *
    (2) SAE J1634, Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and
Range Test Procedure, revised October 2012, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.
600.116-12(a) and 600.311-12(j) and (k).
    (3) SAE J1711, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust
Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-
In Hybrid Vehicles, revised June 2010, IBR approved for Sec. Sec.
600.114-12(c) and (f), 600.116-12(b) and (c), and 600.311-12(c), (j),
and (k).
* * * * *

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
213. Section 600.111-08 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  600.111-08  Test procedures.

    This section describes test procedures for the FTP, highway fuel
economy test (HFET), US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP tests.
Perform testing according to test procedures and other requirements
contained in this part 600 and in 40 CFR parts 86 and 1066, including
the provisions of 40 CFR part 86, subparts B, C, and S. Manufacturers
may certify vehicles based on data collected according to previously
published test procedures for model years through 2021. In addition, we
may approve the use of previously published test procedures for later
model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). See 40
CFR 86.101 and 86.201 for detailed provisions related to this
transition.
    (a) FTP testing procedures. Conduct FTP testing as described in 40
CFR 1066.810 through 1066.820. You may omit evaporative emission
measurements for testing under this part 600 unless we specifically
require it.
    (b) Highway fuel economy testing procedures. Conduct HFET testing
as described in 40 CFR 1066.840.
    (c) US06 testing procedures. Conduct US06 testing as described in
40 CFR 1066.830 and 1066.831.
    (d) SC03 testing procedures. Conduct SC03 testing as described in
40 CFR 1066.830 and 835.
    (e) Cold temperature FTP procedures. Conduct cold temperature FTP
testing as described in 40 CFR part 1066, subpart H.
    (f) Testing with alternative fuels. For vehicles designed to
operate on an alternative fuel in addition to gasoline or diesel fuel,
perform FTP and HFET testing as described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of
this section for each type of fuel on which the vehicle is designed to
operate. No US06, SC03, or cold temperature FTP testing is required on
the alternative fuel.
    (g) Testing for vehicles with rechargeable energy storage systems.
Test electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles as described in
Sec.  600.116.
    (h) Special test procedures. We may allow or require you to use
procedures other than those specified in this section as described in
40 CFR 1066.10(c). For example, special test procedures may be used for
advanced technology vehicles, including, but not limited to fuel cell
vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles using hydraulic energy storage, and
vehicles equipped with hydrogen internal combustion engines.
Additionally, we may conduct fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust
emission testing using the special test procedures approved for a
specific vehicle.

Sec.  600.113-08  [Removed]

0
214A. Remove Sec.  600.113-08.

Sec.  600.114-08  [Removed]

0
214B. Remove 600.114-08.

0
215. Section 600.116-12 is amended as follows:
0
a. By revising the section heading.
0
b. By revising paragraph (a)(5).
0
c. By redesignating paragraphs (b) and (c) as paragraphs (c) and (d),
respectively.
0
d. By adding a new paragraph (b).
0
e. By revising the redesignated paragraphs (c) introductory text,
(c)(1) introductory text, and (c)(2) introductory text.
0
f. By revising the redesignated paragraph (c)(5).
0
g. By adding paragraph (c)(9).

Sec.  600.116-12  Special procedures related to electric vehicles and
hybrid electric vehicles.

    (a) * * *
    (5) We may approve alternate measurement procedures with respect to
electric vehicles if they are necessary or appropriate for meeting the
objectives of this part. For example, we may approve the use of an
earlier version of SAE J1634 for carryover vehicles, or if you show
that it is equivalent for your vehicle.
* * * * *
    (b) Determine performance values for hybrid electric vehicles that
have no plug-in capability as specified in Sec. Sec.  600.210 and
600.311 using the procedures for charge-sustaining operation from SAE
J1711 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  600.011). We may approve
alternate measurement procedures with respect to these vehicles if that
is necessary or appropriate for meeting the objectives of this part.
For example, we may approve alternate Net Energy Change tolerances for
charge-sustaining operation as described in paragraph (c)(5) of this
section.
    (c) Determine performance values for hybrid electric vehicles that
have plug-in capability as specified in Sec. Sec.  600.210 and 600.311
using the procedures of SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in Sec.
600.011), with the following clarifications and modifications:
    (1) To determine fuel economy and CREE values to demonstrate
compliance with CAFE and GHG standards, calculate composite values
representing combined operation during charge-depleting and charge-
sustaining operation using the following utility factors except as
specified in this paragraph (c):
* * * * *
    (2) To determine fuel economy and CO2 emission values
for labeling purposes, calculate composite values representing combined
operation during charge-depleting and charge-sustaining operation using
the following utility factors except as specified in this paragraph
(c):
* * * * *
    (5) The End-of-Test criterion is based on a 1 percent Net Energy
Change as specified in Section 3.8 of SAE J1711. We may approve
alternate Net Energy Change tolerances as specified in Section 3.9.1 or
Appendix C of SAE J1711 if the 1 percent threshold is insufficient or
inappropriate for marking the end of charge-depleting operation. For
charge-sustaining tests, we may approve the use of alternate Net Energy
Change tolerances as specified in Appendix C of SAE J1711 to correct
final fuel economy values, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related
exhaust emissions. For charge-sustaining tests, do not use alternate
Net Energy Change tolerances to correct emissions of criteria
pollutants. Additionally, if we approve an alternate End-of-Test
criterion or Net Energy Change tolerances for a specific vehicle, we
may use the alternate criterion or tolerances for any testing we
conduct on that vehicle.
* * * * *
    (9) The utility factors described in this paragraph (c) are derived
from equations in SAE J2841. You may alternatively calculate utility
factors directly from the corresponding equations in SAE J2841.
* * * * *

0
216. A new Sec.  600.117 is added to subpart B to read as follows:

Sec.  600.117  Interim provisions.

    The following provisions apply instead of other provisions
specified in this part through model year 2019:
    (a) Except as specified in paragraph (e) of this section,
manufacturers must demonstrate compliance with greenhouse gas emission
standards and determine fuel economy values using gasoline test fuel as
specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), regardless of any testing with Tier 3
test fuel under paragraph (b) of this section.
    (b) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles comply with Tier 3
emission standards as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during
fuel economy measurements using the gasoline test fuel specified in 40
CFR 86.113-04(a), as long as this test fuel is used for all the duty
cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails to
meet a Tier 3 emission standard using the gasoline test fuel specified
in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a), the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using
the Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) to demonstrate
compliance with all applicable emission standards over that test cycle.
    (c) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission
standards for criteria pollutants over all five test cycles using the
Tier 3 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b), the manufacturer may
use the derived five-cycle calculations to demonstrate compliance with
greenhouse gas emission standards and determine fuel economy values.
This also applies for fuel economy labeling, as long as the test group
meets the criteria described in Sec.  600.115. Vehicles tested over the
FTP and HFET cycles with the test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)
under this paragraph (b) must meet the Tier 3 emission standards over
those test cycles.
    (d) Manufacturers may perform testing with either gasoline test
fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a) or in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) to
evaluate whether their vehicles meet the criteria for derived 5-cycle
testing under 40 CFR 600.115; however, all five tests must use test
fuel meeting the same specifications.
    (e) For IUVP testing under Sec.  86.1845, manufacturers may
demonstrate compliance with greenhouse gas emission standards using a
test fuel meeting specifications for demonstrating compliance with
emission standards for criteria pollutants.

Subpart C--[Amended]

Sec.  600.206-08  [Removed]

0
217A. Remove Sec.  600.206-08.

Sec.  600.207-08  [Removed]

0
217B. Remove Sec.  600.207-08.

Sec.  600.208-08  [Removed]

0
217C. Remove Sec.  600.208-08.

Sec.  600.209-08  [Removed]

0
217D. Remove Sec.  600.209-08.

Sec.  600.210-08  [Removed]

0
217D. Remove Sec.  600.210-08.

Subpart D--[Amended]

Sec.  600.302-08  [Removed]

0
218A. Remove Sec.  600.302-08.

Sec.  600.311-08  [Removed]

0
218B. Remove Sec.  600.311-08.

0
219. Section 600.311-12 is amended by revising paragraph (g) to read as
follows:

Sec.  600.311-12  Determination of values for fuel economy labels.

* * * * *
    (g) Smog rating. Establish a rating for exhaust emissions other
than CO2 based on the applicable emission standards for the
appropriate model year as shown in Tables 1 through 3 of this section.
For Independent Commercial Importers that import vehicles not subject
to Tier 2 or Tier 3 emission standards, the vehicle's smog rating is 1.
Similarly, if a manufacturer certifies vehicles to emission standards
that are less stringent than all the identified standards for any
reason, the vehicle's smog rating is 1. If EPA or California emission
standards change in the future, we may revise the emission levels
corresponding to each rating for future model years as appropriate to
reflect the changed standards. If this occurs, we would publish the
revised ratings as described in Sec.  600.302-12(k), allowing
sufficient lead time to make the changes; we would also expect to
initiate a rulemaking to update the smog rating in the regulation.

        Table 1 of Sec.   600.311-12--Criteria for Establishing Smog Rating for Model Year 2025 and Later
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       U.S. EPA tier 3 emission       California air resources board LEV III
               Rating                          standard                          emission standard
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1..................................  Bin 160....................  LEV 160.
2..................................  Bin 125....................  ULEV125.
4..................................  Bin 70.....................  ULEV70.
5..................................  Bin 50.....................  ULEV50.
6..................................  Bin 30.....................  SULEV30.
7..................................  Bin 20.....................  SULEV20.
10.................................  Bin 0......................  ZEV.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

          Table 2 of Sec.   600.311-12--Criteria for Establishing Smog Rating for Model Years 2018-2024
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 U.S. EPA tier 3     U.S EPA tier 2     California air resources board LEV III
            Rating              emission standard  emission standard               emission standard
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................  Bin 160..........  Bin 5 through Bin  LEV 160.
                                                    8.
3.............................  Bin 125..........  Bin 4............  ULEV125.
5.............................  Bin 70...........  Bin 3............  ULEV70.
6.............................  Bin 50...........  .................  ULEV50.
7.............................  Bin 30...........  Bin 2............  SULEV30.
8.............................  Bin 20...........  .................  SULEV20.
10............................  Bin 0............  Bin 1............  ZEV.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

           Table 3 of Sec.   600.311-12--Criteria for Establishing Smog Rating Through Model Year 2017
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     California air
                                 U.S. EPA tier 2    resources board     California air resources board LEV III
            Rating              emission standard   LEV II emission                emission standard
                                                        standard
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.............................  .................  ULEV & LEV II
                                                    large trucks.
2.............................  Bin 8............  SULEV II large
                                                    trucks.
3.............................  Bin 7............
4.............................  Bin 6............  LEV II, option 1.
5.............................  Bin 5............  LEV II...........  LEV160.
6.............................  Bin 4............  ULEV II..........  ULEV125.
7.............................  Bin 3............  .................  ULEV70, ULEV50.
8.............................  Bin 2............  SULEV II.........  SULEV30.
9.............................  .................  PZEV.............  SULEV20, PZEV.
10............................  Bin 1............  ZEV..............  ZEV.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

Subpart F--[Amended]

Sec.  600.507-08  [Removed]

0
220A. Remove Sec.  600.507-08.

Sec.  600.509-08  [Removed]

0
220B. Remove Sec.  600.509-08.

Sec.  600.510-08  [Removed]

0
220C. Remove Sec.  600.510-08.

Sec.  600.512-08  [Removed]

0
220D. Remove Sec.  600.512-08.

Appendix IV and Appendix V to Part 600--[Removed and Reserved]

0
221. Remove and reserve Appendix IV and Appendix V to part 600.

PART 1036--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HEAVY-DUTY
HIGHWAY ENGINES

0
222. The authority citation for part 1036 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
223. Section 1036.115 is amended by adding paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1036.115  Other requirements.

* * * * *
    (b) You must design and produce your engines to comply with
evaporative emission standards as follows:
    (1) For complete heavy-duty vehicles you produce, you must certify
the vehicles to emission standards as specified in 40 CFR 1037.103.
    (2) For incomplete heavy-duty vehicles, and for engines used in

vehicles you do not produce, you do not need to certify your engines to
evaporative emission standards or otherwise meet those standards.
However, vehicle manufacturers certifying their vehicles with your
engines may depend on you to produce your engines according to their
specifications. Also, your engines must meet applicable exhaust
emission standards in the installed configuration.

PART 1037--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW HEAVY-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES

0
224. The authority citation for part 1037 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
225. Section 1037.101 is amended by revising paragraph (b)(4) and
adding paragraph (c)(3) to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.101  Overview of emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (4) Fuel evaporative emissions. These requirements are described in
40 CFR part 86 and Sec.  1037.103.
    (c) * * *
    (3) For evaporative and refueling emissions, vehicles are regulated
based on the type of fuel they use. Vehicles fueled with volatile
liquid fuels or gaseous fuels are subject to evaporative emission
standards. Vehicles up to a certain size that are fueled with gasoline,
diesel fuel, ethanol, methanol, or LPG are subject to refueling
emission standards.

0
226. A new Sec.  1037.103 is added to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.103  Evaporative and refueling emission standards.

    (a) Applicability. Evaporative and refueling emission standards
apply to heavy-duty vehicles as follows:
    (1) Complete and incomplete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000
pounds GVWR must meet evaporative and refueling emission standards as
specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, instead of the requirements
specified in this section.
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR that run on
volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline or ethanol) or gaseous fuel
(such as natural gas or LPG) must meet evaporative and refueling
emission standards as specified in this section.
    (b) Emission standards. The evaporative and refueling emission
standards and measurement procedures specified in 40 CFR 86.1813 apply
for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR, except as described in this
section. The evaporative emission standards phase in over model years
2018 through 2022, with provisions allowing for voluntary compliance
with the standards as early as model year 2015. Count vehicles subject
to standards under this section the same as heavy-duty vehicles at or
below 14,000 pounds GVWR to comply with the phase-in requirements
specified in 40 CFR 86.1813. These vehicles may generate and use
emission credits as described in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, but only
for vehicles that are tested for certification instead of relying on
the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. The following
provisions apply instead of what is specified in 40 CFR 86.1813:
    (1) The refueling standards in 40 CFR 86.1813(b) apply to complete
vehicles starting in model year 2022; they are optional for incomplete
vehicles.
    (2) The leak standard in 40 CFR 86.1813(a)(4) does not apply.
    (3) The FEL cap relative to the diurnal plus hot soak standard for
low-altitude testing is 1.9 grams per test.
    (4) The diurnal plus hot soak standard for high-altitude testing is
2.3 grams per test.
    (5) Testing does not require measurement of exhaust emissions.
Disregard references in subpart B of this part to procedures, equipment
specifications, and recordkeeping related to measuring exhaust
emissions. All references to the exhaust test under 40 CFR part 86,
subpart B, are considered the ``dynamometer run'' as part of the
evaporative testing sequence under this subpart.
    (6) Vehicles not yet subject to the Tier 3 standards in 40 CFR
86.1813 must meet evaporative emission standards as specified in
Sec. Sec.  86.008-10(b) and 86.007-11(b)(3) and (4).
    (c) Compliance demonstration. You may provide a statement in the
application for certification that vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR
comply with evaporative and refueling emission standards instead of
submitting test data if you include an engineering analysis describing
how vehicles include design parameters, equipment, operating controls,
or other elements of design that adequately demonstrate that vehicles
comply with the standards. We would expect emission control components
and systems to exhibit a comparable degree of control relative to
vehicles that comply based on testing. For example, vehicles that
comply under this paragraph (c) should rely on comparable material
specifications to limit fuel permeation, and components should be sized
and calibrated to correspond with the appropriate fuel capacities, fuel
flow rates, purge strategies, and other vehicle operating
characteristics. You may alternatively show that design parameters are
comparable to those for vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR
certified under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
    (d) CNG refueling requirement. Compressed natural gas vehicles must
meet the requirements for fueling connection devices as specified in 40
CFR 86.1813-17(f)(1). Vehicles meeting these requirements are deemed to
comply with evaporative and refueling emission standards.
    (e) Incomplete vehicles. If you sell incomplete vehicles, you must
identify the maximum fuel tank capacity for which you designed the
vehicle's evaporative emission control system.
    (f) Useful life. Your vehicles must meet the evaporative emission
standards of this section throughout their useful life, expressed in
service miles or calendar years, whichever comes first. The useful life
values for the standards of this section are those that apply for
criteria pollutants under 40 CFR part 86.
    (g) Auxiliary engines and separate fuel systems. The provisions of
this paragraph (g) apply for vehicles with auxiliary engines. This
includes any engines installed in the final vehicle configuration that
contribute no motive power through the vehicle's transmission.
    (1) Auxiliary engines and associated fuel-system components must be
installed when testing complete vehicles. If the auxiliary engine draws
fuel from a separate fuel tank, you must fill the extra fuel tank
before the start of diurnal testing as described for the vehicle's main
fuel tank. Use good engineering judgment to ensure that any nonmetal
portions of the fuel system related to the auxiliary engine have
reached stabilized levels of permeation emissions. The auxiliary engine
must not operate during the running loss test or any other portion of
testing under this section.
    (2) For testing with incomplete vehicles, you may omit installation
of auxiliary engines and associated fuel-system components as long as
those components installed in the final configuration are certified to
meet the applicable emission standards for Small SI equipment described
in 40 CFR 1054.112 or for Large SI engines in 40 CFR 1048.105. For any
fuel-system components that you do not install, your installation
instructions must describe this certification requirement.

0
227. Section 1037.104 is amended by adding paragraph (h)(2) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1037.104  Exhaust emission standards for CO[bdi2], CH[bdi4], and
N[bdi2]O for heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.

* * * * *
    (h) * * *
    (2) The evaporative and refueling emission standards in Sec.
1037.103.
* * * * *

Subpart C--[Amended]

0
228. Section 1037.230 is amended by adding paragraph (e) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1037.230  Vehicle families, sub-families, and configurations.

* * * * *
    (e) Divide your vehicles that are subject to evaporative emission
standards into groups of vehicles with similar physical features
expected to affect evaporative emissions. Group vehicles in the same
evaporative emission family if they are the same in all the following
aspects, unless we approve a better way of grouping vehicles into
families that have similar emission control characteristics:
    (1) Method of vapor storage, including the number of vapor storage
devices, the working material, and the total working capacity of vapor
storage (as determined under 40 CFR 86.132-96(h)(1)(iv)). You may
consider the working capacity to be the same if the values differ by 20
grams or less.
    (2) Method of purging stored vapors.
    (3) Material for liquid and vapor fuel lines.
* * * * *

0
229. A new Sec.  1037.243 is added to subpart C to read as follows:

Sec.  1037.243  Demonstrating compliance with evaporative emission
standards.

    (a) For purposes of certification, your vehicle family is
considered in compliance with the evaporative emission standards in
subpart B of this part if you prepare an engineering analysis showing
that your vehicles in the family will comply with applicable standards
throughout the useful life, and there are no test results from an
emission-data vehicle representing the family that exceed an emission
standard.
    (b) Your evaporative emission family is deemed not to comply if
your engineering analysis is not adequate to show that all the vehicles
in the family will comply with applicable emission standards throughout
the useful life, or if a test result from an emission-data vehicle
representing the family exceeds an emission standard.
    (c) To compare emission levels with emission standards, apply
deterioration factors to the measured emission levels. Establish an
additive deterioration factor based on an engineering analysis that
takes into account the expected aging from in-use vehicles.
    (d) Apply the deterioration factor to the official emission result,
as described in paragraph (c) of this section, then round the adjusted
figure to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard.
Compare the rounded emission levels to the emission standard for each
emission-data vehicle.
    (e) Your analysis to demonstrate compliance with emission standards
must take into account your design strategy for vehicles that require
testing. Specifically, vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR are presumed
to need the same technologies that are required for heavy-duty vehicles
at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR. Similarly, your analysis to establish a
deterioration factor must take into account your testing to establish
deterioration factors for smaller vehicles.

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
230. Section 1037.501 is amended by adding paragraph (a) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1037.501  General testing and modeling provisions.

* * * * *
    (a) Use the equipment and procedures specified in 40 CFR part 1066
to determine whether vehicles meet the evaporative and refueling
emission standards specified in Sec.  1037.103.
* * * * *

PART 1039--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE NONROAD
COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES

0
231. The authority citation for part 1039 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
232. Section 1039.505 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1039.505  How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles,
including ramped-modal testing?

    This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate
steady-state duty cycle for an engine; you may also choose between
discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing. In all cases, you must use the
duty cycle you select in your application for certification for all
testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to
confirm that they meet emission standards, we will use the duty cycle
you select for your own testing. If you submit certification test data
using more than one duty cycle, any of the selected duty cycles may be
used for any subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as
allowed by the Clean Air Act.
    (a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode
or ramped-modal cycles as described in 40 CFR part 1065.
    (b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one of the following duty cycles to determine whether it meets the
steady-state emission standards in Sec.  1039.101(b):
    (1) Use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in paragraph (a) of Appendix II of this part for
constant-speed engines. Note that these cycles do not apply to all
engines used in constant-speed applications, as described in Sec.
1039.801.
    (2) Use the 6-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix II of this part for
variable-speed engines below 19 kW. You may instead use the 8-mode duty
cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in appendix IV
of this part if some engines from your engine family will be used in
applications that do not involve governing to maintain engine operation
around rated speed.
    (3) Use the 8-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in paragraph (c) of Appendix II of this part for
variable-speed engines at or above 19 kW.
    (c) For constant-speed engines whose design prevents full-load
operation for extended periods, you may ask for approval under 40 CFR
1065.10(c) to replace full-load operation with the maximum load for
which the engine is designed to operate for extended periods.
    (d) To allow non-motoring dynamometers on cycles with idle, you may
omit additional points from the duty-cycle regression as follows:
    (1) For variable-speed engines with low-speed governors, you may
omit speed, torque, and power points from the duty-cycle regression
statistics if the following are met:
    (i) The engine operator demand is at its minimum.
    (ii) The dynamometer demand is at its minimum.
    (iii) It is an idle point fnref = 0% (idle) and
Tref = 0% (idle).
    (iv) Tref < T <=5% [middot] Tmaxmapped.

    (2) For variable-speed engines without low-speed governors, you may
omit torque and power points from the duty-cycle regression statistics
if the following are met:
    (i) The dynamometer demand is at its minimum.
    (ii) It is an idle point fnref = 0% (idle) and
Tref = 0% (idle).
    (iii) fnref - (2% [middot] fntest) <
fn < fnref + (2% [middot] fntest).
    (iv) Tref < T <=5% [middot] Tmaxmapped.

Sec.  1039.510--[Amended]

0
233. Section 1039.510 is amended by removing paragraph (c).

PART 1042--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE MARINE
COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES AND VESSELS

0
234. The authority citation for part 1042 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
235. Section 1042.505 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1042.505  Testing engines using discrete-mode or ramped-modal
duty cycles.

    This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate
steady-state duty cycle for an engine; you may also choose between
discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing. In all cases, you must use the
duty cycle you select in your application for certification for all
testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to
confirm that they meet emission standards, we will use the duty cycles
you select for your own testing. If you submit certification test data
using more than one duty cycle, any of the selected duty cycles may be
used for any subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as
allowed by the Clean Air Act.
    (a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode
or ramped-modal cycles as described in 40 CFR Part 1065.
    (b) Measure emissions by testing the engine on a dynamometer with
one of the following duty cycles (as specified) to determine whether it
meets the emission standards in Sec. Sec.  1042.101 or 1042.104:
    (1) General cycle. Use the 4-mode duty cycle or the corresponding
ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (a) of Appendix II of this
part for commercial propulsion marine engines that are used with (or
intended to be used with) fixed-pitch propellers, propeller-law
auxiliary engines, and any other engines for which the other duty
cycles of this section do not apply. Use this duty cycle also for
commercial variable-speed propulsion marine engines that are used with
(or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch propellers or with
electrically coupled propellers, unless these engines are not intended
for sustained operation (e.g., for at least 30 minutes) at all four
modes when installed in the vessel.
    (2) Recreational marine engines. Except as specified in paragraph
(b)(3) of this section, use the 5-mode duty cycle or the corresponding
ramped-modal cycle described in paragraph (b) of Appendix II of this
part for recreational marine engines with maximum engine power at or
above 37 kW.
    (3) Controllable-pitch and electrically coupled propellers. Use the
4-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in
paragraph (c) of Appendix II of this part for constant-speed propulsion
marine engines that are used with (or intended to be used with)
controllable-pitch propellers or with electrically coupled propellers.
Use this duty cycle also for variable-speed propulsion marine engines
that are used with (or intended to be used with) controllable-pitch
propellers or with electrically coupled propellers if the duty cycles
in paragraph (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section do not apply.
    (4) Constant-speed auxiliary engines. Use the 5-mode duty cycle or
the corresponding ramped-modal cycle described in 40 CFR Part 1039,
Appendix II, paragraph (a) for constant-speed auxiliary engines.
    (5) Variable-speed auxiliary engines. (i) Use the duty cycle
specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section for propeller-law
auxiliary engines.
    (ii) Use the 6-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in 40 CFR Part 1039, Appendix II, paragraph (b) for
variable-speed auxiliary engines with maximum engine power below 19 kW
that are not propeller-law engines.
    (iii) Use the 8-mode duty cycle or the corresponding ramped-modal
cycle described in 40 CFR Part 1039, Appendix III, paragraph (c) for
variable-speed auxiliary engines with maximum engine power at or above
19 kW that are not propeller-law engines.
    (c) For constant-speed engines whose design prevents full-load
operation for extended periods, you may ask for approval under 40 CFR
1065.10(c) to replace full-load operation with the maximum load for
which the engine is designed to operate for extended periods.

PART 1048--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, LARGE NONROAD SPARK-
IGNITION ENGINES

0
236. The authority citation for part 1048 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
237. Section 1048.505 is amended by revising the introductory text and
paragraphs (a) and (c) and removing paragraphs (d) through (g) to read
as follows:

Sec.  1048.505  How do I test engines using steady-state duty cycles,
including ramped-modal testing?

    This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. In some cases, we allow you to choose the appropriate
steady-state duty cycle for an engine; you may also choose between
discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing. In all cases, you must use the
duty cycle you select in your application for certification for all
testing you perform for that engine family. If we test your engines to
confirm that they meet emission standards, we will use the duty cycles
you select for your own testing. If you submit certification test data
using more than one duty cycle, any of the selected duty cycles may be
used for any subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as
allowed by the Clean Air Act.
    (a) You may perform steady-state testing with either discrete-mode
or ramped-modal cycles described in 40 CFR Part 1065.
* * * * *
    (c) For full-load operating modes, operate the engine at wide-open
throttle.

PART 1054--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW, SMALL NONROAD SPARK-
IGNITION ENGINES AND EQUIPMENT

0
238. The authority citation for part 1054 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart F--[Amended]

0
239. Section 1054.505 is amended by revising paragraph (a) and removing
paragraph (e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1054.505  How do I test engines?

    (a) This section describes how to test engines under steady-state
conditions. For handheld engines you must perform

tests with discrete-mode sampling. For nonhandheld engines we allow you
to perform tests with either discrete-mode or ramped-modal testing
methods, as described in 40 CFR Part 1065. You must use the same modal
testing method for certification and all other testing you perform for
an engine family. If we test your engines to confirm that they meet
emission standards, we will use the modal testing method you select for
your own testing. If you submit certification test data collected with
both discrete-mode and ramped-modal testing (either in your original
application or in an amendment to your application), either method may
be used for subsequent testing. We may also perform other testing as
allowed by the Clean Air Act. Conduct duty-cycle testing as follows:
    (1) For discrete-mode testing, sample emissions separately for each
mode, then calculate an average emission level for the whole cycle
using the weighting factors specified for each mode. Control engine
speed as specified in this section. Use one of the following methods
for confirming torque values for nonhandheld engines:
    (i) Calculate torque-related cycle statistics and compare with the
established criteria as specified in 40 CFR 1065.514 to confirm that
the test is valid.
    (ii) Evaluate each mode separately to validate the duty cycle. All
torque feedback values recorded during non-idle sampling periods must
be within 2 percent of the reference value or within 0.27 N[middot]m of the reference value, whichever is greater.
Also, the mean torque value during non-idle sampling periods must be
within 1 percent of the reference value or 0.12
N[middot]m of the reference value, whichever is greater. Control torque
during idle as specified in paragraph (c) of this section.
    (2) Unless we specify otherwise, you may simulate the governor for
ramped-modal testing consistent with good engineering judgment.
* * * * *

PART 1065--ENGINE-TESTING PROCEDURES

0
240. The authority citation for part 1065 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401-7671q.

Subpart A--[Amended]

0
241. Section 1065.1 is amended by revising paragraph (h) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.1  Applicability.

* * * * *
    (h) This part describes procedures and specifications for measuring
an engine's exhaust emissions. While the measurements are geared toward
engine-based measurements (in units of g/kW[middot]hr), many of these
provisions apply equally to vehicle-based measurements (in units of g/
mile or g/kilometer). 40 CFR Part 1066 describes the analogous
procedures for vehicle-based emission measurements, and in many cases
states that specific provisions of this part 1065 also apply for those
vehicle-based measurements. Where material from this part 1065 applies
for vehicle-based measurements under 40 CFR Part 1066, it is sometimes
necessary to include parenthetical statements in this part 1065 to
properly cite secondary references that are different for vehicle-based
testing. See 40 CFR Part 1066 and the standard-setting part for
additional information.

0
242. Section 1065.2 is amended by revising paragraphs (d) and (e) to
read as follows:

Sec.  1065.2  Submitting information to EPA under this part.

* * * * *
    (d) We may require an authorized representative of your company to
approve and sign the submission, and to certify that all the
information submitted is accurate and complete. This includes everyone
who submits information, including manufacturers and others.
    (e) See 40 CFR 1068.10 for provisions related to confidential
information. Note however that under 40 CFR 2.301, emission data are
generally not eligible for confidential treatment.
* * * * *

0
243. Section 1065.10 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (c)(7)
introductory text, and (d) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.10  Other procedures.

    (a) Your testing. The procedures in this part apply for all testing
you do to show compliance with emission standards, with certain
exceptions noted in this section. In some other sections in this part,
we allow you to use other procedures (such as less precise or less
accurate procedures) if they do not affect your ability to show that
your engines comply with the applicable emission standards. This
generally requires emission levels to be far enough below the
applicable emission standards so that any errors caused by greater
imprecision or inaccuracy do not affect your ability to state
unconditionally that the engines meet all applicable emission
standards.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (7) You may request to use alternate procedures that are equivalent
to the specified procedures, or procedures that are more accurate or
more precise than the specified procedures. We may perform tests with
your engines using either the approved alternate procedures or the
specified procedures. The following provisions apply to requests for
alternate procedures:
* * * * *
    (d) Advance approval. If we require you to request approval to use
other procedures under paragraph (c) of this section, you may not use
them until we approve your request.

0
244. Section 1065.12 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (d)
introductory text, and (e) introductory text to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.12  Approval of alternate procedures.

    (a) To get approval for an alternate procedure under Sec.
1065.10(c), send the Designated Compliance Officer an initial written
request describing the alternate procedure and why you believe it is
equivalent to the specified procedure. Anyone may request alternate
procedure approval. This means that an individual engine manufacturer
may request to use an alternate procedure. This also means that an
instrument manufacturer may request to have an instrument, equipment,
or procedure approved as an alternate procedure to those specified in
this part. We may approve your request based on this information alone,
whether or not it includes all the information specified in this
section. Where we determine that your original submission does not
include enough information for us to determine that the alternate
procedure is equivalent to the specified procedure, we may ask you to
submit supplemental information showing that your alternate procedure
is consistently and reliably at least as accurate and repeatable as the
specified procedure.
* * * * *
    (d) If we do not approve your proposed alternate procedure based on
the information in your initial request, we may ask you to send
additional information to fully evaluate your request. While we
consider the information specified in this paragraph (d) and the
statistical criteria of paragraph (e) of this section to be sufficient
to demonstrate equivalence, it may not be necessary to include all the

information or meet the specified statistical criteria. For example,
systems that do not meet the statistical criteria in paragraph (e) of
this section because they have a small bias toward high emission
results could be approved since they would not adversely affect your
ability to demonstrate compliance with applicable standards.
* * * * *
    (e) Absent any other directions from us, use a t-test and an F-test
calculated according to Sec.  1065.602 to evaluate whether your
proposed alternate procedure is equivalent to the specified procedure.
We may give you specific directions regarding methods for statistical
analysis, or we may approve other methods that you propose. Such
alternate methods may be more or less stringent than those specified in
this paragraph (e). In determining the appropriate statistical
criteria, we will consider the repeatability of measurements made with
the reference procedure. For example, less stringent statistical
criteria may be appropriate for measuring emission levels being so low
that they adversely affect the repeatability of reference measurements.
We recommend that you consult a statistician if you are unfamiliar with
these statistical tests. Perform the tests as follows:
* * * * *

0
245. Section 1065.15 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (b), and
(c)(2)(ii) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.15  Overview of procedures for laboratory and field testing.

* * * * *
    (a) In the standard-setting part, we set brake-specific emission
standards in g/(kW[middot]hr) (or g/(hp[middot]hr)), for the following
constituents:
    (1) Total oxides of nitrogen, NOX.
    (2) Hydrocarbons, HC, which may be expressed in the following ways:
    (i) Total hydrocarbons, THC.
    (ii) Nonmethane hydrocarbons, NMHC, which results from subtracting
methane, CH4, from THC.
    (iii) Total hydrocarbon-equivalent, THCE, which results from
adjusting THC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
    (iv) Nonmethane hydrocarbon-equivalent, NMHCE, which results from
adjusting NMHC mathematically to be equivalent on a carbon-mass basis.
    (3) Particulate matter, PM.
    (4) Carbon monoxide, CO.
    (5) Carbon dioxide, CO2.
    (6) Methane, CH4.
    (7) Nitrous oxide, N2O.
    (b) Note that some engines are not subject to standards for all the
emission constituents identified in paragraph (a) of this section. Note
also that the standard-setting part may include standards for
pollutants not listed in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (c) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Batch sampling. In batch sampling, continuously extract and
store a sample of raw or dilute exhaust for later measurement. Extract
a sample proportional to the raw or dilute exhaust flow rate. You may
extract and store a proportional sample of exhaust in an appropriate
container, such as a bag, and then measure NOX, HC, CO,
CO2, CH4, N2O, and CH2O
concentrations in the container after the test interval. You may
deposit PM from proportionally extracted exhaust onto an appropriate
substrate, such as a filter. In this case, divide the PM by the amount
of filtered exhaust to calculate the PM concentration. Multiply batch
sampled concentrations by the total (raw or dilute) flow from which it
was extracted during the test interval. This product is the total mass
of the emitted constituent.
* * * * *

0
246. Section 1065.20 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(3), (b)
introductory text, (c), (f)(1) and (g) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.20  Units of measure and overview of calculations.

    (a) * * *
    (3) We generally designate temperatures in units of degrees Celsius
([deg]C) unless a calculation requires an absolute temperature. In that
case, we designate temperatures in units of Kelvin (K). For conversion
purposes throughout this part, 0 [deg]C equals 273.15 K. Unless
specified otherwise, always use absolute temperature values for
multiplying or dividing by temperature.
    (b) Concentrations. This part does not rely on amounts expressed in
parts per million. Rather, we express such amounts in the following SI
units:
* * * * *
    (c) Absolute pressure. Measure absolute pressure directly or
calculate it as the sum of atmospheric pressure plus a differential
pressure that is referenced to atmospheric pressure. Always use
absolute pressure values for multiplying or dividing by pressure.
* * * * *
    (f) * * *
    (1) Whenever we specify a range by a single value and corresponding
limit values above and below that value (such as X Y),
target the associated control point to that single value (X). Examples
of this type of range include ``10% of maximum pressure'',
or ``(30 10) kPa''. In these examples, you would target the
maximum pressure or 30 kPa, respectively.
* * * * *
    (g) Scaling of specifications with respect to an applicable
standard. Because this part 1065 is applicable to a wide range of
engines and emission standards, some of the specifications in this part
are scaled with respect to an engine's applicable standard or maximum
power. This ensures that the specification will be adequate to
determine compliance, but not overly burdensome by requiring
unnecessarily high-precision equipment. Many of these specifications
are given with respect to a ``flow-weighted mean'' that is expected at
the standard or during testing. Flow-weighted mean is the mean of a
quantity after it is weighted proportional to a corresponding flow
rate. For example, if a gas concentration is measured continuously from
the raw exhaust of an engine, its flow-weighted mean concentration is
the sum of the products (dry-to-wet corrected, if applicable) of each
recorded concentration times its respective exhaust flow rate, divided
by the sum of the recorded flow rates. As another example, the bag
concentration from a CVS system is the same as the flow-weighted mean
concentration, because the CVS system itself flow-weights the bag
concentration. Refer to Sec.  1065.602 for information needed to
estimate and calculate flow-weighted means. Wherever a specification is
scaled to a value based upon an applicable standard, interpret the
standard to be the family emission limit if the engine is certified
under an emission credit program in the standard-setting part.

0
247. Section 1065.25 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.25  Recordkeeping.

    (a) The procedures in this part include various requirements to
record data or other information. Refer to the standard-setting part
and Sec.  1065.695 regarding specific recordkeeping requirements.
    (b) You must promptly send us organized, written records in English
if we ask for them. We may review them at any time.
    (c) We may waive specific reporting or recordkeeping requirements
we determine to be unnecessary for the purposes of this part and the
standard-setting part. Note that while we will generally keep the
records required by this part, we are not obligated to keep records we
determine to be unnecessary for us to keep. For example, while we

require you to keep records for invalid tests so that we may verify
that your invalidation was appropriate, it is not necessary for us to
keep records for our own invalid tests.

Subpart B--[Amended]

0
248. Section 1065.130 is amended by revising paragraphs (a) and (c)(6)
to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.130  Engine exhaust.

    (a) General. Use the exhaust system installed with the engine or
one that represents a typical in-use configuration. This includes any
applicable aftertreatment devices. We refer to exhaust piping as an
exhaust stack; this is equivalent to a tailpipe for vehicle
configurations.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (6) We recommend that you connect multiple exhaust stacks from a
single engine into one stack upstream of any emission sampling. For raw
or dilute partial-flow emission sampling, to ensure mixing of the
multiple exhaust streams before emission sampling, we recommend a
minimum Reynolds number, Re , of 4000 for the
combined exhaust stream, where Re  is based on the
inside diameter of the combined flow at the first sampling point. You
may configure the exhaust system with turbulence generators, such as
orifice plates or fins, to achieve good mixing; inclusion of turbulence
generators may be required for Re  less than 4000
to ensure good mixing. Re  is defined in Sec.
1065.640. For dilute full-flow (CVS) emission sampling, you may
configure the exhaust system without regard to mixing in the laboratory
section of the raw exhaust. For example you may size the laboratory
section to reduce its pressure drop even if the Re
, in the laboratory section of the raw exhaust is
less than 4000.
* * * * *

0
249. Section 1065.140 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.140  Dilution for gaseous and PM constituents.

    (a) General. You may dilute exhaust with ambient air, purified air,
or nitrogen. References in this part to ``dilution air'' may include
any of these. For gaseous emission measurement, the dilution air must
be at least 15 [deg]C. Note that the composition of the dilution air
affects some gaseous emission measurement instruments' response to
emissions. We recommend diluting exhaust at a location as close as
possible to the location where ambient air dilution would occur in use.
Dilution may occur in a single stage or in multiple stages. For
dilution in multiple stages, the first stage is considered primary
dilution and later stages are considered secondary dilution.
    (b) Dilution-air conditions and background concentrations. Before
dilution air is mixed with exhaust, you may precondition it by
increasing or decreasing its temperature or humidity. You may also
remove constituents to reduce their background concentrations. The
following provisions apply to removing constituents or accounting for
background concentrations:
    (1) You may measure constituent concentrations in the dilution air
and compensate for background effects on test results. See Sec.
1065.650 for calculations that compensate for background concentrations
(40 CFR 1066.610 for vehicle testing).
    (2) Measure these background concentrations the same way you
measure diluted exhaust constituents, or measure them in a way that
does not affect your ability to demonstrate compliance with the
applicable standards. For example, you may use the following
simplifications for background sampling:
    (i) You may disregard any proportional sampling requirements.
    (ii) You may use unheated gaseous sampling systems.
    (iii) You may use unheated PM sampling systems.
    (iv) You may use continuous sampling if you use batch sampling for
diluted emissions.
    (v) You may use batch sampling if you use continuous sampling for
diluted emissions.
    (3) For removing background PM, we recommend that you filter all
dilution air, including primary full-flow dilution air, with high-
efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters that have an initial minimum
collection efficiency specification of 99.97% (see Sec.  1065.1001 for
procedures related to HEPA-filtration efficiencies). Ensure that HEPA
filters are installed properly so that background PM does not leak past
the HEPA filters. If you choose to correct for background PM without
using HEPA filtration, demonstrate that the background PM in the
dilution air contributes less than 50% to the net PM collected on the
sample filter. You may correct net PM without restriction if you use
HEPA filtration.
    (c) Full-flow dilution; constant-volume sampling (CVS). You may
dilute the full flow of raw exhaust in a dilution tunnel that maintains
a nominally constant volume flow rate, molar flow rate or mass flow
rate of diluted exhaust, as follows:
    (1) Construction. Use a tunnel with inside surfaces of 300 series
stainless steel. Electrically ground the entire dilution tunnel. We
recommend a thin-walled and insulated dilution tunnel to minimize
temperature differences between the wall and the exhaust gases. You may
not use any flexible tubing in the dilution tunnel upstream of the PM
sample probe. You may use nonconductive flexible tubing downstream of
the PM sample probe and upstream of the CVS flow meter; use good
engineering judgment to select a tubing material that is not prone to
leaks, and configure the tubing to ensure smooth flow at the CVS flow
meter.
    (2) Pressure control. Maintain static pressure at the location
where raw exhaust is introduced into the tunnel within 1.2
kPa of atmospheric pressure. You may use a booster blower to control
this pressure. If you test using more careful pressure control and you
show by engineering analysis or by test data that you require this
level of control to demonstrate compliance at the applicable standards,
we will maintain the same level of static pressure control when we
test.
    (3) Mixing. Introduce raw exhaust into the tunnel by directing it
downstream along the centerline of the tunnel. If you dilute directly
from the exhaust stack, the end of the exhaust stack is considered to
be the start of the dilution tunnel. You may introduce a fraction of
dilution air radially from the tunnel's inner surface to minimize
exhaust interaction with the tunnel walls. You may configure the system
with turbulence generators such as orifice plates or fins to achieve
good mixing. We recommend a minimum Reynolds number, Re
, of 4000 for the diluted exhaust stream, where Re
 is based on the inside diameter of the dilution
tunnel. Re  is defined in Sec.  1065.640.
    (4) Flow measurement preconditioning. You may condition the diluted
exhaust before measuring its flow rate, as long as this conditioning
takes place downstream of any heated HC or PM sample probes, as
follows:
    (i) You may use flow straighteners, pulsation dampeners, or both of
these.
    (ii) You may use a filter.
    (iii) You may use a heat exchanger to control the temperature
upstream of any flow meter, but you must take steps to prevent aqueous
condensation as described in paragraph (c)(6) of this section.
    (5) Flow measurement. Section 1065.240 describes measurement
instruments for diluted exhaust flow.
    (6) Aqueous condensation. This paragraph (c)(6) describes how you
must address aqueous condensation in the

CVS. As described below, you may meet these requirements by preventing
or limiting aqueous condensation in the CVS from the exhaust inlet to
the last emission sample probe. See that paragraph for provisions
related to the CVS between the last emission sample probe and the CVS
flow meter. You may heat and/or insulate the dilution tunnel walls, as
well as the bulk stream tubing downstream of the tunnel to prevent or
limit aqueous condensation. Where we allow aqueous condensation to
occur, use good engineering judgment to ensure that the condensation
does not affect your ability to demonstrate that your engines comply
with the applicable standards (see Sec.  1065.10(a)).
    (i) Preventing aqueous condensation. To prevent condensation, you
must keep the temperature of internal surfaces, excluding any sample
probes, above the dew point of the dilute exhaust passing through the
CVS tunnel. Use good engineering judgment to monitor temperatures in
the CVS. For the purposes of this paragraph (c)(6), assume that aqueous
condensation is pure water condensate only, even though the definition
of ``aqueous condensation'' in Sec.  1065.1001 includes condensation of
any constituents that contain water. No specific verification check is
required under this paragraph (c)(6)(i), but we may ask you to show how
you comply with this requirement. You may use engineering analysis, CVS
tunnel design, alarm systems, measurements of wall temperatures, and
calculation of water dew point to demonstrate compliance with this
requirement. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you may use the lowest
water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to determine the
minimum internal surface temperature.
    (ii) Limiting aqueous condensation. This paragraph (c)(6)(ii)
specifies limits of allowable condensation and requires you to verify
that the amount of condensation that occurs during each test interval
does not exceed the specified limits.
    (A) Use chemical balance equations in Sec.  1065.655 to calculate
the mole fraction of water in the dilute exhaust continuously during
testing. Alternatively, you may continuously measure the mole fraction
of water in the dilute exhaust prior to any condensation during
testing. Use good engineering judgment to select, calibrate and verify
water analyzers/detectors. The linearity verification requirements of
Sec.  1065.307 do not apply to water analyzers/detectors used to
correct for the water content in exhaust samples.
    (B) Use good engineering judgment to select and monitor locations
on the CVS tunnel walls prior to the last emission sample probe. If you
are also verifying limited condensation from the last emission sample
probe to the CVS flow meter, use good engineering judgment to select
and monitor locations on the CVS tunnel walls, optional CVS heat
exchanger, and CVS flow meter. For optional CVS heat exchangers, you
may use the lowest water temperature at the inlet(s) and outlet(s) to
determine the minimum internal surface temperature. Identify the
minimum surface temperature on a continuous basis.
    (C) Identify the maximum potential mole fraction of dilute exhaust
lost on a continuous basis during the entire test interval. This value
must be less than or equal to 0.02. Calculate on a continuous basis the
mole fraction of water that would be in equilibrium with liquid water
at the measured minimum surface temperature. Subtract this mole
fraction from the mole fraction of water that would be in the exhaust
without condensation (either measured or from the chemical balance),
and set any negative values to zero. This difference is the potential
mole fraction of the dilute exhaust that would be lost due to water
condensation on a continuous basis.
    (D) Integrate the product of the molar flow rate of the dilute
exhaust and the potential mole fraction of dilute exhaust lost, and
divide by the totalized dilute exhaust molar flow over the test
interval. This is the potential mole fraction of the dilute exhaust
that would be lost due to water condensation over the entire test
interval. Note that this assumes no re-evaporation. This value must be
less than or equal to 0.005.
    (7) Flow compensation. Maintain nominally constant molar,
volumetric or mass flow of diluted exhaust. You may maintain nominally
constant flow by either maintaining the temperature and pressure at the
flow meter or by directly controlling the flow of diluted exhaust. You
may also directly control the flow of proportional samplers to maintain
proportional sampling. For an individual test, verify proportional
sampling as described in Sec.  1065.545.
    (d) Partial-flow dilution (PFD). You may dilute a partial flow of
raw or previously diluted exhaust before measuring emissions. Section
1065.240 describes PFD-related flow measurement instruments. PFD may
consist of constant or varying dilution ratios as described in
paragraphs (d)(2) and (3) of this section. An example of a constant
dilution ratio PFD is a ``secondary dilution PM'' measurement system.
    (1) Applicability. (i) You may use PFD to extract a proportional
raw exhaust sample for any batch or continuous PM emission sampling
over any transient duty cycle, any steady-state duty cycle, or any
ramped-modal cycle.
    (ii) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample
for any batch or continuous gaseous emission sampling over any
transient duty cycle, any steady-state duty cycle, or any ramped-modal
cycle.
    (iii) You may use PFD to extract a proportional raw exhaust sample
for any batch or continuous field-testing.
    (iv)You may use PFD to extract a proportional diluted exhaust
sample from a CVS for any batch or continuous emission sampling.
    (v) You may use PFD to extract a constant raw or diluted exhaust
sample for any continuous emission sampling.
    (vi) You may use PFD to extract a constant raw or diluted exhaust
sample for any steady-state emission sampling.
    (2) Constant dilution-ratio PFD. Do one of the following for
constant dilution-ratio PFD:
    (i) Dilute an already proportional flow. For example, you may do
this as a way of performing secondary dilution from a CVS tunnel to
achieve overall dilution ratio for PM sampling.
    (ii) Continuously measure constituent concentrations. For example,
you might dilute to precondition a sample of raw exhaust to control its
temperature, humidity, or constituent concentrations upstream of
continuous analyzers. In this case, you must take into account the
dilution ratio before multiplying the continuous concentration by the
sampled exhaust flow rate.
    (iii) Extract a proportional sample from a separate constant
dilution ratio PFD system. For example, you might use a variable-flow
pump to proportionally fill a gaseous storage medium such as a bag from
a PFD system. In this case, the proportional sampling must meet the
same specifications as varying dilution ratio PFD in paragraph (d)(3)
of this section.
    (iv) For each mode of a discrete-mode test (such as a locomotive
notch setting or a specific setting for speed and torque), use a
constant dilution ratio for any PM sampling. You must change the
overall PM sampling system dilution ratio between modes so that the
dilution ratio on the mode with the highest exhaust flow rate meets
Sec.  1065.140(e)(2) and the dilution ratios on all other modes is
higher than this (minimum) dilution ratio by the ratio of the maximum
exhaust flow rate to the exhaust flow rate of the corresponding other
mode. This is the same dilution ratio requirement for RMC or field
transient testing. You must account for

this change in dilution ratio in your emission calculations.
    (3) Varying dilution-ratio PFD. All the following provisions apply
for varying dilution-ratio PFD:
    (i) Use a control system with sensors and actuators that can
maintain proportional sampling over intervals as short as 200 ms (i.e.,
5 Hz control).
    (ii) For control input, you may use any sensor output from one or
more measurements; for example, intake-air flow, fuel flow, exhaust
flow, engine speed, and intake manifold temperature and pressure.
    (iii) Account for any emission transit time in the PFD system, as
necessary.
    (iv) You may use preprogrammed data if they have been determined
for the specific test site, duty cycle, and test engine from which you
dilute emissions.
    (v) We recommend that you run practice cycles to meet the
verification criteria in Sec.  1065.545. Note that you must verify
every emission test by meeting the verification criteria with the data
from that specific test. Data from previously verified practice cycles
or other tests may not be used to verify a different emission test.
    (vi) You may not use a PFD system that requires preparatory tuning
or calibration with a CVS or with the emission results from a CVS.
Rather, you must be able to independently calibrate the PFD.
    (e) Dilution air temperature, dilution ratio, residence time, and
temperature control of PM samples. Dilute PM samples at least once
upstream of transfer lines. You may dilute PM samples upstream of a
transfer line using full-flow dilution, or partial-flow dilution
immediately downstream of a PM probe. In the case of partial-flow
dilution, you may have up to 26 cm of insulated length between the end
of the probe and the dilution stage, but we recommend that the length
be as short as practical. The intent of these specifications is to
minimize heat transfer to or from the emission sample before the final
stage of dilution, other than the heat you may need to add to prevent
aqueous condensation. This is accomplished by initially cooling the
sample through dilution. Configure dilution systems as follows:
    (1) Set the dilution air temperature to (25 5) [deg]C.
Use good engineering judgment to select a location to measure this
temperature that is as close as practical upstream of the point where
dilution air mixes with raw exhaust.
    (2) For any PM dilution system (i.e., CVS or PFD), add dilution air
to the raw exhaust such that the minimum overall ratio of diluted
exhaust to raw exhaust is within the range of (5:1 to 7:1) and is at
least 2:1 for any primary dilution stage. Base this minimum value on
the maximum engine exhaust flow rate for a given test interval. Either
measure the maximum exhaust flow during a practice run of the test
interval or estimate it based on good engineering judgment (for
example, you might rely on manufacturer-published literature).
    (3) Configure any PM dilution system to have an overall residence
time of (1.0 to 5.5) s, as measured from the location of initial
dilution air introduction to the location where PM is collected on the
sample media. Also configure the system to have a residence time of at
least 0.50 s, as measured from the location of final dilution air
introduction to the location where PM is collected on the sample media.
When determining residence times within sampling system volumes, use an
assumed flow temperature of 25 [deg]C and pressure of 101.325 kPa.
    (4) Control sample temperature to a (47 5) [deg]C
tolerance, as measured anywhere within 20 cm upstream or downstream of
the PM storage media (such as a filter). Measure this temperature with
a bare-wire junction thermocouple with wires that are (0.500 0.025) mm diameter, or with another suitable instrument that has
equivalent performance.

0
250. Section 1065.145 is amended by revising paragraphs (a), (c)(1),
(c)(2)(ii), (d)(1)(ii), (e)(2)(ii), and (e)(3)(ii) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.145  Gaseous and PM probes, transfer lines, and sampling
system components.

    (a) Continuous and batch sampling. Determine the total mass of each
constituent with continuous or batch sampling. Both types of sampling
systems have probes, transfer lines, and other sampling system
components that are described in this section.
* * * * *
    (c) * * *
    (1) Probe design and construction. Use sample probes with inside
surfaces of 300 series stainless steel or, for raw exhaust sampling,
use any nonreactive material capable of withstanding raw exhaust
temperatures. Locate sample probes where constituents are mixed to
their mean sample concentration. Take into account the mixing of any
crankcase emissions that may be routed into the raw exhaust. Locate
each probe to minimize interference with the flow to other probes. We
recommend that all probes remain free from influences of boundary
layers, wakes, and eddies--especially near the outlet of a raw-exhaust
stack where unintended dilution might occur. Make sure that purging or
back-flushing of a probe does not influence another probe during
testing. You may use a single probe to extract a sample of more than
one constituent as long as the probe meets all the specifications for
each constituent.
* * * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) For probes that extract hydrocarbons for THC or NMHC analysis
from the diluted exhaust of compression-ignition engines, two-stroke
spark-ignition engines, or four-stroke spark-ignition engines at or
below 19 kW, we recommend heating the probe to minimize hydrocarbon
contamination consistent with good engineering judgment. If you
routinely fail the contamination check in the 1065.520 pretest check,
we recommend heating the probe section to approximately 190 [deg]C to
minimize contamination.
* * * * *
    (d) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (ii) For THC transfer lines for testing compression-ignition
engines, two-stroke spark-ignition engines, or four-stroke spark-
ignition engines at or below 19 kW, maintain a wall temperature
tolerance throughout the entire line of (191 11) [deg]C. If
you sample from raw exhaust, you may connect an unheated, insulated
transfer line directly to a probe. Design the length and insulation of
the transfer line to cool the highest expected raw exhaust temperature
to no lower than 191 [deg]C, as measured at the transfer line's outlet.
For dilute sampling, you may use a transition zone between the probe
and transfer line of up to 92 cm to allow your wall temperature to
transition to (191 11) [deg]C.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *
    (2) * * *
    (ii) Thermal chiller. You may use a thermal chiller upstream of
some gas analyzers and storage media. You may not use a thermal chiller
upstream of a THC measurement system for compression-ignition engines,
two-stroke spark-ignition engines, or four-stroke spark-ignition
engines at or below 19 kW. If you use a thermal chiller upstream of an
NO2-to-NO converter or in a sampling system without an
NO2-to-NO converter, the chiller must meet the
NO2 loss-performance check specified in Sec.  1065.376.
Monitor the dewpoint, Tdew, and absolute pressure, p
total, downstream of a thermal chiller. You may use
continuously recorded

values of Tdew and ptotal in the amount of water
calculations specified in Sec.  1065.645. If it is valid to assume the
degree of saturation in the thermal chiller, you may calculate T
dew based on the known chiller performance and continuous
monitoring of chiller temperature, Tchiller. If it is valid
to assume a constant temperature offset between Tchiller and
Tdew, due to a known and fixed amount of sample reheat
between the chiller outlet and the temperature measurement location,
you may factor in this assumed temperature offset value into emission
calculations. If we ask for it, you must show by engineering analysis
or by data the validity of any assumptions allowed by this paragraph
(e)(2)(ii). For our testing we may use average temperature and pressure
values over the test interval or a nominal pressure value that we
estimate as the dryer's average pressure expected during testing as
constant values in the calculations specified in Sec.  1065.645. For
your testing you may use the maximum temperature and minimum pressure
values observed during a test interval or duty cycle or the high alarm
temperature setpoint and the low alarm pressure setpoint as constant
values in the amount of water calculations specified in Sec.  1065.645.
For your testing you may also use a nominal ptotal, which
you may estimate as the dryer's lowest absolute pressure expected
during testing.
    (3) * * *
    (ii) For testing compression-ignition engines, two-stroke spark-
ignition engines, or four-stroke spark-ignition engines at or below 19
kW, if you use a THC sample pump upstream of a THC analyzer or storage
medium, its inner surfaces must be heated to a tolerance of (191 11) [deg]C.
* * * * *

0
251. Section 1065.170 is amended by revising paragraphs (a)(1), (b)
including Table 1, (c)(1)(i), and Figure 1 to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.170  Batch sampling for gaseous and PM constituents.

* * * * *
    (a) * * *
    (1) Verify proportional sampling after an emission test as
described in Sec.  1065.545. Use good engineering judgment to select
storage media that will not significantly change measured emission
levels (either up or down). For example, do not use sample bags for
storing emissions if the bags are permeable with respect to emissions
or if they off gas emissions to the extent that it affects your ability
to demonstrate compliance with the applicable gaseous emission
standards. As another example, do not use PM filters that irreversibly
absorb or adsorb gases to the extent that it affects your ability to
demonstrate compliance with the applicable PM emission standard.
* * * * *
    (b) Gaseous sample storage media. Store gas volumes in sufficiently
clean containers that minimally off-gas or allow permeation of gases.
Use good engineering judgment to determine acceptable thresholds of
storage media cleanliness and permeation. To clean a container, you may
repeatedly purge and evacuate a container and you may heat it. Use a
flexible container (such as a bag) within a temperature-controlled
environment, or use a temperature controlled rigid container that is
initially evacuated or has a volume that can be displaced, such as a
piston and cylinder arrangement. Use containers meeting the
specifications in the Table 1 of this section, noting that you may
request to use other container materials under Sec.  1065.10. Sample
temperatures must stay within the following ranges for each container
material:
    (1) Up to 40 [deg]C for TedlarTM and KynarTM.
    (2) (191 11) [deg]C for TeflonTM and 300
series stainless steel used with measuring THC or NMHC from
compression-ignition engines, two-stroke spark-ignition engines, and
four-stroke spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW. For all other
engines and pollutants, these materials may be used for sample
temperatures up to 202 [deg]C.

    Table 1 of Sec.   1065.170--Container Materials for Gaseous Batch
                                Sampling
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      Engine type
                                 --------------------
                                     Compression-
                                    ignition  Two-
            Emissions                stroke spark-     All other engines
                                    ignition  Four-
                                     stroke spark-
                                    ignition at or
                                      below 19 kW
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO, CO2, O2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8,     TedlarTM, KynarTM,  TedlarTM, KynarTM,
 NO, NO2, N2O.                     TeflonTM, or 300    TeflonTM, or 300
                                   series stainless    series stainless
                                   steel..             steel.
THC, NMHC.......................  TeflonTM or 300     TedlarTM, KynarTM,
                                   series stainless    TeflonTM, or 300
                                   steel.              series stainless
                                                       steel.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) * * *
    (1) * * *
    (i) If you expect that a filter's total surface concentration of PM
will exceed 400 [mu]g, assuming a 38 mm diameter filter stain area, for
a given test interval, you may use filter media with a minimum initial
collection efficiency of 98%; otherwise you must use a filter media
with a minimum initial collection efficiency of 99.7%. Collection
efficiency must be measured as described in ASTM D2986 (incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1065.1010), though you may rely on the sample-media
manufacturer's measurements reflected in their product ratings to show
that you meet this requirement.
* * * * *

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR28AP14.009

Subpart C--[Amended]

0
252. Section 1065.201 is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (d), (e),
and (h) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.201  Overview and general provisions.

* * * * *
    (b) Instrument types. You may use any of the specified instruments
as described in this subpart to perform emission tests. If you want to
use one of these instruments in a way that is not specified in this
subpart, or if you want to use a different instrument, you must first
get us to approve your alternate procedure under Sec.  1065.10. Where
we specify more than one instrument for a particular measurement, we
may identify which instrument serves as the reference for comparing
with an alternate procedure. You may generally use instruments with
compensation algorithms that are functions of other gaseous
measurements and the known or assumed fuel properties for the test
fuel. The target value for any compensation algorithm is 0% (that is,

no bias high and no bias low), regardless of the uncompensated signal's
bias.
* * * * *
    (d) Redundant systems. For all measurement instruments described in
this subpart, you may use data from multiple instruments to calculate
test results for a single test. If you use redundant systems, use good
engineering judgment to use multiple measured values in calculations or
to disregard individual measurements. Note that you must keep your
results from all measurements. This requirement applies whether or not
you actually use the measurements in your calculations.
    (e) Range. You may use an instrument's response above 100% of its
operating range if this does not affect your ability to show that your
engines comply with the applicable emission standards. Note that we
require additional testing and reporting if an analyzer responds above
100% of its range. Auto-ranging analyzers do not require additional
testing or reporting.
* * * * *
    (h) Recommended practices. This subpart identifies a variety of
recommended but not required practices for proper measurements. We
believe in most cases it is necessary to follow these recommended
practices for accurate and repeatable measurements. However, we do not
specifically require you to follow these recommended practices to
perform a valid test, as long as you meet the required calibrations and
verifications of measurement systems specified in subpart D of this
part. Similarly, we are not required to follow all recommended
practices, as long as we meet the required calibrations and
verifications. Our decision to follow or not follow a given
recommendation when we perform a test does not depend on whether you
followed it during your testing.

0
253. Section 1065.202 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.202  Data updating, recording, and control.

    Your test system must be able to update data, record data and
control systems related to operator demand, the dynamometer, sampling
equipment, and measurement instruments. Use data acquisition and
control systems that can record at the specified minimum frequencies,
as follows:

                   Table 1 of Sec.   1065.202--Data Recording and Control Minimum Frequencies
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Minimum  command
Applicable test protocol section       Measured values          and control       Minimum  recording  frequency
                                                               frequency \a\                 \b\ \c\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sec.   1065.510.................  Speed and torque during   1 Hz..............  1 mean value per step.
                                   an engine step-map.
Sec.   1065.510.................  Speed and torque during   5 Hz..............  1 Hz means.
                                   an engine sweep-map.
Sec.   1065.514; Sec.   1065.530  Transient duty cycle      5 Hz..............  1 Hz means.
                                   reference and feedback
                                   speeds and torques.
Sec.   1065.514; Sec.   1065.530  Steady-state and ramped-  1 Hz..............  1 Hz.
                                   modal duty cycle
                                   reference and feedback
                                   speeds and torques.
Sec.   1065.520; Sec.             Continuous                ..................  1 Hz.
 1065.530; Sec.   1065.550.        concentrations of raw
                                   or dilute analyzers.
Sec.   1065.520; Sec.   1065.530  Batch concentrations of   ..................  1 mean value per test interval.
Sec.   1065.550.................   raw or dilute analyzers.
Sec.   1065.530; Sec.   1065.545  Diluted exhaust flow      ..................  1 Hz.
                                   rate from a CVS with a
                                   heat exchanger upstream
                                   of the flow measurement.
Sec.   1065.530; Sec.   1065.545  Diluted exhaust flow      5 Hz..............  1 Hz means.
                                   rate from a CVS without
                                   a heat exchanger
                                   upstream of the flow
                                   measurement.
Sec.   1065.530; Sec.   1065.545  Intake-air or raw-        ..................  1 Hz means.
                                   exhaust flow rate.
Sec.   1065.530; Sec.   1065.545  Dilution air flow if      5 Hz..............  1 Hz means.
                                   actively controlled
                                   (for example, a partial-
                                   flow PM sampling
                                   system) \d\.
Sec.   1065.530; Sec.   1065.545  Sample flow from a CVS    1 Hz..............  1 Hz.
                                   that has a heat
                                   exchanger.
Sec.   1065.530; Sec.   1065.545  Sample flow from a CVS    5 Hz..............  1 Hz means.
                                   that does not have a
                                   heat exchanger.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The specifications for minimum command and control frequency do not apply for CFVs that are not using active
  control.
\b\ 1 Hz means are data reported from the instrument at a higher frequency, but recorded as a series of 1 s mean
  values at a rate of 1 Hz.
\c\ For CFVs in a CVS, the minimum recording frequency is 1 Hz. The minimum recording frequency does not apply
  for CFVs used to control sampling from a CVS utilizing CFVs.
\d\ Dilution air flow specifications do not apply for CVS dilution air.

0
254. Section 1065.205 is revised to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.205  Performance specifications for measurement instruments.

    Your test system as a whole must meet all the calibrations,
verifications, and test-validation criteria specified outside this
section for laboratory testing or field testing, as applicable. We
recommend that your instruments meet the specifications in Table 1 of
this section for all ranges you use for testing. We also recommend that
you keep any documentation you receive from instrument manufacturers
showing that your instruments meet the specifications in Table 1 of
this section.

                             Table 1 of Sec.   1065.205--Recommended Performance Specifications for Measurement Instruments
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Complete system
                                     Measured       rise time (t10	90)    Recording update
     Measurement instrument       quantity symbol     and fall time          frequency           Accuracy \b\      Repeatability \b\       Noise \b\
                                                       (t90	10) \a\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Engine speed transducer........  fn..............  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  2% of pt. or 0.5%    1% of pt. or 0.25%  0.05% of max.
                                                                                of max.              of max.
Engine torque transducer.......  T...............  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  2% of pt. or 1% of   1% of pt. or 0.5%   0.05% of max.
                                                                                max.                 of max.
Electrical work (active-power    W...............  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  2% of pt. or 0.5%    1% of pt. or 0.25%  0.05% of max.
 meter).                                                                                of max.              of max.
General pressure transducer      p...............  5 s................  1 Hz...............  2% of pt. or 1% of   1% of pt. or 0.5%   0.1% of max.
 (not a part of another                                                                       max.                 of max.
 instrument).
Atmospheric pressure meter for   patmos..........  50 s...............  5 times per hour...  50 Pa..............  25 Pa.............  5 Pa
 PM-stabilization and balance
 environments.
General purpose atmospheric      patmos..........  50 s...............  5 times per hour...  250 Pa.............  100Pa.............  50 Pa
 pressure meter.
Temperature sensor for PM-       T...............  50 s...............  0.1 Hz.............  0.25 K.............  0.1 K.............  0.1 K
 stabilization and balance
 environments.
Other temperature sensor (not a  T...............  10 s...............  0.5 Hz.............  0.4% of pt. K or     0.2% of pt. K or    0.1% of max.
 part of another instrument).                                                                 0.2% of max K.       0.1% of max K.
Dewpoint sensor for intake air,  Tdew............  50 s...............  0.1 Hz.............  0.25 K.............  0.1 K.............  0.02 K
 PM-stabilization and balance
 environments.
Other dewpoint sensor..........  Tdew............  50 s...............  0.1 Hz.............  1 K................  0.5 K.............  0.1 K
Fuel flow meter \c\ (Fuel        m...............  5 s................  1 Hz...............  2% of pt. or 1.5%    1% of pt. or 0.75%  0.5% of max.
 totalizer).                                       (--)...............  (--)...............   of max.              of max.
Total diluted exhaust meter      n...............  1 s................  1 Hz means.........  2% of pt. or 1.5%    1% of pt. or 0.75%  1% of max.
 (CVS) \c\ (With heat exchanger                    (5 s)..............  (1 Hz).............   of max.              of max.
 before meter).
Dilution air, inlet air,         n...............  1 s................  1 Hz means of 5 Hz   2.5% of pt. or 1.5%  1.25% of pt. or     1% of max.
 exhaust, and sample flow                                                samples.             of max.              0.75% of max.
 meters \c\.
Continuous gas analyzer........  x...............  5 s................  1 Hz...............  2% of pt. or 2% of   1% of pt. or 1% of  1% of max.
                                                                                meas.                meas.
Batch gas analyzer.............  x...............  ...................  ...................  2% of pt. or 2% of   1% of pt. or 1% of  1% of max.
                                                                                meas.                meas.
Gravimetric PM balance.........  mPM.............  ...................  ...................  See Sec.   1065.790  0.5 [mu]g           ..................
Inertial PM balance............  mPM.............  5 s................  1 Hz...............  2% of pt. or 2% of   1% of pt. or 1% of  0.2% of max
                                                                                meas.                meas.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ The performance specifications identified in the table apply separately for rise time and fall time.
\b\ Accuracy, repeatability, and noise are all determined with the same collected data, as described in Sec.   1065.305, and based on absolute values.
  ``pt.'' refers to the overall flow-weighted mean value expected at the standard; ``max'' refers to the peak value expected at the standard over any
  test interval, not the maximum of the instrument's range; ``meas'' refers to the actual flow-weighted mean measured over any test interval.
\c\ The procedure for accuracy, repeatability and noise measurement described in Sec.   1065.305 may be modified for flow meters to allow noise to be
  measured at the lowest calibrated value instead of zero flow rate.

0
255. Section 1065.210 is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.210  Work input and output sensors.

* * * * *
    (c) Electrical work. Use a watt-hour meter output to calculate
total work according to Sec.  1065.650. Use a watt-hour meter that
outputs active power. Watt-hour meters typically combine a Wheatstone
bridge voltmeter and a Hall-effect clamp-on ammeter into a single
microprocessor-based instrument that analyzes and outputs several
parameters, such as alternating or direct current voltage, current,
power factor, apparent power, reactive power, and active power.
* * * * *

0
256. Section 1065.225 is amended by revising paragraph (a) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.225  Intake-air flow meter.

    (a) Application. You may use an intake-air flow meter in
combination with a chemical balance of fuel, inlet air, and exhaust to
calculate raw exhaust flow as described in Sec.  1065.655(e) and (f),
as follows:
    (1) Use the actual value of calculated raw exhaust in the following
cases:
    (i) For multiplying raw exhaust flow rate with continuously sampled
concentrations.
    (ii) For multiplying total raw exhaust flow with batch-sampled
concentrations.
    (iii) For verifying minimum dilution ratio for PM batch sampling as
described in Sec.  1065.546.

    (iv) For calculating the dilution air flow for background
correction as described in Sec.  1065.667.
    (2) In the following cases, you may use an intake-air flow meter
signal that does not give the actual value of raw exhaust, as long as
it is linearly proportional to the exhaust flow rate's actual
calculated value:
    (i) For feedback control of a proportional sampling system, such as
a partial-flow dilution system.
    (ii) For multiplying with continuously sampled gas concentrations,
if the same signal is used in a chemical-balance calculation to
determine work from brake-specific fuel consumption and fuel consumed.
* * * * *

0
257. Section 1065.230 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.230  Raw exhaust flow meter.

* * * * *
    (d) Exhaust cooling. You may cool raw exhaust upstream of a raw-
exhaust flow meter, as long as you observe all the following
provisions:
    (1) Do not sample PM downstream of the cooling.
    (2) If cooling causes exhaust temperatures above 202 [deg]C to
decrease to below 180 [deg]C, do not sample NMHC downstream of the
cooling for compression-ignition engines, two-stroke spark-ignition
engines, or four-stroke spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW.
    (3) The cooling must not cause aqueous condensation.

0
258. Section 1065.240 is amended by revising paragraph (d) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.240  Dilution air and diluted exhaust flow meters.

* * * * *
    (d) Exhaust cooling. You may cool diluted exhaust upstream of a
dilute-exhaust flow meter, as long as you observe all the following
provisions:
    (1) Do not sample PM downstream of the cooling.
    (2) If cooling causes exhaust temperatures above 202 [deg]C to
decrease to below 180 [deg]C, do not sample NMHC downstream of the
cooling for compression-ignition engines, two-stroke spark-ignition
engines, or four-stroke spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW.
    (3) The cooling must not cause aqueous condensation as described in
Sec.  1065.140(c)(6).

0
259. Section 1065.250 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.250  Nondispersive infrared analyzer.

* * * * *
    (b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use an NDIR
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205.
Note that your NDIR-based system must meet the calibration and
verifications in Sec. Sec.  1065.350 and 1065.355 and it must also meet
the linearity verification in Sec.  1065.307.

0
260. Section 1065.260 is amended by revising paragraphs (b), (c), and
(e) to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.260  Flame-ionization detector.

* * * * *
    (b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a FID
analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205.
Note that your FID-based system for measuring THC, THCE, or
CH4 must meet all the verifications for hydrocarbon
measurement in subpart D of this part, and it must also meet the
linearity verification in Sec.  1065.307.
    (c) Heated FID analyzers. For measuring THC or THCE from
compression-ignition engines, two-stroke spark-ignition engines, and
four-stroke spark-ignition engines at or below 19 kW, you must use
heated FID analyzers that maintain all surfaces that are exposed to
emissions at a temperature of (191 11) [deg]C.
* * * * *
    (e) NMHC and NMOG. For demonstrating compliance with NMHC
standards, you may either measure THC and CH4 and determine
NMHC as described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(2) or (3), or you may measure
THC and determine NMHC mass as described in Sec.  1065.660(b)(1). See
40 CFR 1066.635 for methods to demonstrate compliance with NMOG
standards for vehicle testing.
* * * * *

0
261. Section 1065.267 is amended by revising paragraph (b) to read as
follows:

Sec.  1065.267  Gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector.

* * * * *
    (b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a GC-FID that
meets the specifications in Table 1 of Sec.  1065.205 and that the
measurement be done according to SAE J1151 (incorporated by reference
in Sec.  1065.1010). The GC-FID must meet the linearity verification in
Sec.  1065.307.

0
262. A new Sec.  1065.269 is added to subpart C under the center header
``Hydrocarbon Measurements'' to read as follows:

Sec.  1065.269  Photoacoustic analyzer for ethanol and methanol.

    (a) Application. You may use a photoacoustic analyzer to measure
ethanol and/or methanol concentrations in diluted exhaust for batch
sampling.
    (b) Component requirements. We recommend that you use a
photoacoustic analyzer that meets the specifications in Table 1 of
Sec.  1065.205. Note that your photoacoustic system must meet the