specified in Sec.  1036.745), from emission credits you have banked, or
from emission credits you obtain through trading.

Sec.  1036.715  Banking.

    (a) Banking is the retention of surplus emission credits by the
manufacturer generating the emission credits for use in future model
years for averaging or trading.
    (b) You may designate any emission credits you plan to bank in the
reports you submit under Sec.  1036.730 as reserved credits. During the
model year and before the due date for the final report, you may
designate your reserved emission credits for averaging or trading.
    (c) Reserved credits become actual emission credits when you submit
your final report. However, we may revoke these emission credits if we
are unable to verify them after reviewing your reports or auditing your
records.

    (d) Banked credits retain the designation of the averaging set in
which they were generated.

Sec.  1036.720  Trading.

    (a) Trading is the exchange of emission credits between
manufacturers. You may use traded emission credits for averaging,
banking, or further trading transactions. Traded emission credits
remain subject to the averaging-set restrictions based on the averaging
set in which they were generated.
    (b) You may trade actual emission credits as described in this
subpart. You may also trade reserved emission credits, but we may
revoke these emission credits based on our review of your records or
reports or those of the company with which you traded emission credits.
You may trade banked credits within an averaging set to any certifying
manufacturer.
    (c) If a negative emission credit balance results from a
transaction, both the buyer and seller are liable, except in cases we
deem to involve fraud. See Sec.  1036.255(e) for cases involving fraud.
We may void the certificates of all engine families participating in a
trade that results in a manufacturer having a negative balance of
emission credits. See Sec.  1036.745.

Sec.  1036.725  What must I include in my application for
certification?

    (a) You must declare in your application for certification your
intent to use the provisions of this subpart for each engine family
that will be certified using the ABT program. You must also declare the
FELs/FCL you select for the engine family for each pollutant for which
you are using the ABT program. Your FELs must comply with the
specifications of subpart B of this part, including the FEL caps. FELs/
FCLs must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the
applicable standards.
    (b) Include the following in your application for certification:
    (1) A statement that, to the best of your belief, you will not have
a negative balance of emission credits for any averaging set when all
emission credits are calculated at the end of the year; or a statement
that you will have a negative balance of emission credits for one or
more averaging sets, but that it is allowed under Sec.  1036.745.
    (2) Detailed calculations of projected emission credits (positive
or negative) based on projected U.S.-directed production volumes. We
may require you to include similar calculations from your other engine
families to project your net credit balances for the model year. If you
project negative emission credits for a family, state the source of
positive emission credits you expect to use to offset the negative
emission credits.

Sec.  1036.730  ABT reports.

    (a) If any of your engine families are certified using the ABT
provisions of this subpart, you must send an end-of-year report by
March 31 following the end of the model year and a final report by
September 30 following the end of the model year. We may waive the
requirement to send an end-of-year report.
    (b) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
information for each engine family participating in the ABT program:
    (1) Engine-family designation and averaging set.
    (2) The emission standards that would otherwise apply to the engine
family.
    (3) The FCL for each pollutant. If you change the FCL after the
start of production, identify the date that you started using the new
FCL and/or give the engine identification number for the first engine
covered by the new FCL. In this case, identify each applicable FCL and
calculate the positive or negative emission credits as specified in
Sec.  1036.225.
    (4) The projected and actual U.S.-directed production volumes for
the model year. If you changed an FCL during the model year, identify
the actual production volume associated with each FCL.
    (5) The transient cycle conversion factor for each engine
configuration as described in Sec.  1036.705.
    (6) Useful life.
    (7) Calculated positive or negative emission credits for the whole
engine family. Identify any emission credits that you traded, as
described in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.
    (c) Your end-of-year and final reports must include the following
additional information:
    (1) Show that your net balance of emission credits from all your
participating engine families in each averaging set in the applicable
model year is not negative, except as allowed under Sec.  1036.745.
Your credit tracking must account for the limitation on credit life
under Sec.  1036.740(d).
    (2) State whether you will reserve any emission credits for
banking.
    (3) State that the report's contents are accurate.
    (d) If you trade emission credits, you must send us a report within
90 days after the transaction, as follows:
    (1) As the seller, you must include the following information in
your report:
    (i) The corporate names of the buyer and any brokers.
    (ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
    (iii) The averaging set corresponding to the engine families that
generated emission credits for the trade, including the number of
emission credits from each averaging set.
    (2) As the buyer, you must include the following information in
your report:
    (i) The corporate names of the seller and any brokers.
    (ii) A copy of any contracts related to the trade.
    (iii) How you intend to use the emission credits, including the
number of emission credits you intend to apply for each averaging set.
    (e) Send your reports electronically to the Designated Compliance
Officer using an approved information format. If you want to use a
different format, send us a written request with justification for a
waiver.
    (f) Correct errors in your end-of-year or final report as follows:
    (1) You may correct any errors in your end-of-year report when you
prepare the final report, as long as you send us the final report by
the time it is due.
    (2) If you or we determine within 270 days after the end of the
model year that errors mistakenly decreased your balance of emission
credits, you may correct the errors and recalculate the balance of
emission credits. You may not make these corrections for errors that
are determined more than 270 days after the end of the model year. If
you report a negative balance of emission credits, we may disallow
corrections under this paragraph (f)(2).
    (3) If you or we determine any time that errors mistakenly
increased your balance of emission credits, you must correct the errors
and recalculate the balance of emission credits.

Sec.  1036.735  Recordkeeping.

    (a) You must organize and maintain your records as described in
this section. We may review your records at any time.
    (b) Keep the records required by this section for at least eight
years after the due date for the end-of-year report. You may not use
emission credits for any engines if you do not keep all the records
required under this section. You must therefore keep these records to
continue to bank valid credits. Store these records in any format and
on any media, as long as you can promptly send us organized, written
records in English if we ask for them. You must keep these records
readily available. We may review them at any time.
    (c) Keep a copy of the reports we require in Sec. Sec.  1036.725
and 1036.730.

    (d) Keep records of the engine identification number (usually the
serial number) for each engine you produce that generates or uses
emission credits under the ABT program. You may identify these numbers
as a range. If you change the FEL after the start of production,
identify the date you started using each FCL and the range of engine
identification numbers associated with each FCL. You must also identify
the purchaser and destination for each engine you produce to the extent
this information is available.
    (e) We may require you to keep additional records or to send us
relevant information not required by this section in accordance with
the Clean Air Act.

Sec.  1036.740  Restrictions for using emission credits.

    The following restrictions apply for using emission credits:
    (a) Averaging sets. Except as specified in paragraph (c) of this
section, emission credits may be exchanged only within the following
averaging sets:
    (1) Engines subject to spark-ignition standards.
    (2) Light heavy-duty engines subject to compression-ignition
standards.
    (3) Medium heavy-duty engines subject to compression-ignition
standards.
    (4) Heavy heavy-duty engines.
    (b) Applying credits to prior year deficits. Where your credit
balance for the previous year is negative, you may apply credits to
that credit deficit only after meeting your credit obligations for the
current year.
    (c) Credits from hybrid engines and other advanced technologies.
Credits you generate under Sec.  1036.615 may be used for any of the
averaging sets identified in paragraph (a) of this section; you may
also use those credits to demonstrate compliance with the
CO2 emission standards in 40 CFR 86.1819 and 40 CFR part
1037. Similarly, you may use Phase 1 advanced-technology credits
generated under 40 CFR 86.1819-14(k)(7) or 40 CFR 1037.615 to
demonstrate compliance with the CO2 standards in this part.
In the case of engines subject to spark-ignition standards and
compression-ignition light heavy-duty engines, you may not use more
than 60,000 Mg of credits from other averaging sets in any model year.
    (1) The maximum amount of CO2 credits you may bring into
the following service class groups is 60,000 Mg per model year:
    (i) Engines subject to spark-ignition standards, light heavy-duty
compression-ignition engines, and light heavy-duty vehicles. This group
comprises the averaging sets listed in paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of
this section and the averaging set listed in 40 CFR 1037.740(a)(1).
    (ii) Medium heavy-duty engines subject to compression-ignition
standards and medium heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the
averaging sets listed in paragraph (a)(3) of this section and 40 CFR
1037.740(a)(2).
    (iii) Heavy heavy-duty engines subject to compression-ignition
standards and heavy heavy-duty vehicles. This group comprises the
averaging sets listed in paragraph (a)(4) of this section and 40 CFR
1037.740(a)(3).
    (2) Paragraph (c)(1) of this section does not limit the advanced-
technology credits that can be used within a service class group if
they were generated in that same service class group.
    (d) Credit life. Credits may be used only for five model years
after the year in which they are generated. For example, credits you
generate in model year 2018 may be used to demonstrate compliance with
emission standards only through model year 2023.
    (e) Other restrictions. Other sections of this part specify
additional restrictions for using emission credits under certain
special provisions.

Sec.  1036.745  End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.

    Except as allowed by this section, we may void the certificate of
any engine family certified to an FCL above the applicable standard for
which you do not have sufficient credits by the deadline for submitting
the final report.
    (a) Your certificate for an engine family for which you do not have
sufficient CO2 credits will not be void if you remedy the
deficit with surplus credits within three model years. For example, if
you have a credit deficit of 500 Mg for an engine family at the end of
model year 2015, you must generate (or otherwise obtain) a surplus of
at least 500 Mg in that same averaging set by the end of model year
2018.
    (b) You may not bank or trade away CO2 credits in the
averaging set in any model year in which you have a deficit.
    (c) You may apply only surplus credits to your deficit. You may not
apply credits to a deficit from an earlier model year if they were
generated in a model year for which any of your engine families for
that averaging set had an end-of-year credit deficit.
    (d) You must notify us in writing how you plan to eliminate the
credit deficit within the specified time frame. If we determine that
your plan is unreasonable or unrealistic, we may deny an application
for certification for a vehicle family if its FEL would increase your
credit deficit. We may determine that your plan is unreasonable or
unrealistic based on a consideration of past and projected use of
specific technologies, the historical sales mix of your vehicle models,
your commitment to limit production of higher-emission vehicles, and
expected access to traded credits. We may also consider your plan
unreasonable if your credit deficit increases from one model year to
the next. We may require that you send us interim reports describing
your progress toward resolving your credit deficit over the course of a
model year.
    (e) If you do not remedy the deficit with surplus credits within
three model years, we may void your certificate for that engine family.
We may void the certificate based on your end-of-year report. Note that
voiding a certificate applies ab initio. Where the net deficit is less
than the total amount of negative credits originally generated by the
family, we will void the certificate only with respect to the number of
engines needed to reach the amount of the net deficit. For example, if
the original engine family generated 500 Mg of negative credits, and
the manufacturer's net deficit after three years was 250 Mg, we would
void the certificate with respect to half of the engines in the family.
    (f) For purposes of calculating the statute of limitations, the
following actions are all considered to occur at the expiration of the
deadline for offsetting a deficit as specified in paragraph (a) of this
section:
    (1) Failing to meet the requirements of paragraph (a) of this
section.
    (2) Failing to satisfy the conditions upon which a certificate was
issued relative to offsetting a deficit.
    (3) Selling, offering for sale, introducing or delivering into U.S.
commerce, or importing vehicles that are found not to be covered by a
certificate as a result of failing to offset a deficit.

Sec.  1036.750  What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions
of this subpart?

    (a) For each engine family participating in the ABT program, the
certificate of conformity is conditioned upon full compliance with the
provisions of this subpart during and after the model year. You are
responsible to establish to our satisfaction that you fully comply with
applicable requirements. We may void the certificate of conformity for
an engine family if you fail to comply with any provisions of this
subpart.
    (b) You may certify your engine family to an FCL above an
applicable standard based on a projection that you

will have enough emission credits to offset the deficit for the engine
family. See Sec.  1036.745 for provisions specifying what happens if
you cannot show in your final report that you have enough actual
emission credits to offset a deficit for any pollutant in an engine
family.
    (c) We may void the certificate of conformity for an engine family
if you fail to keep records, send reports, or give us information we
request. Note that failing to keep records, send reports, or give us
information we request is also a violation of 42 U.S.C. 7522(a)(2).
    (d) You may ask for a hearing if we void your certificate under
this section (see Sec.  1036.820).

Sec.  1036.755  Information provided to the Department of
Transportation.

    After receipt of each manufacturer's final report as specified in
Sec.  1036.730 and completion of any verification testing required to
validate the manufacturer's submitted final data, we will issue a
report to the Department of Transportation with CO2 emission
information and will verify the accuracy of each manufacturer's
equivalent fuel consumption data that required by NHTSA under 49 CFR
535.8. We will send a report to DOT for each engine manufacturer based
on each regulatory category and subcategory, including sufficient
information for NHTSA to determine fuel consumption and associated
credit values. See 49 CFR 535.8 to determine if NHTSA deems submission
of this information to EPA to also be a submission to NHTSA.

Subpart I--Definitions and Other Reference Information

Sec.  1036.801  Definitions.

    The following definitions apply to this part. The definitions apply
to all subparts unless we note otherwise. All undefined terms have the
meaning the Act gives to them. The definitions follow:
    Act means the Clean Air Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7401--7671q.
    Adjustable parameter has the meaning given in 40 CFR part 86.
    Advanced technology means technology certified under 40 CFR
86.1819-14(k)(7), Sec.  1036.615, or 40 CFR 1037.615.
    Aftertreatment means relating to a catalytic converter, particulate
filter, or any other system, component, or technology mounted
downstream of the exhaust valve (or exhaust port) whose design function
is to decrease emissions in the engine exhaust before it is exhausted
to the environment. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and turbochargers
are not aftertreatment.
    Aircraft means any vehicle capable of sustained air travel more
than 100 feet above the ground.
    Alcohol-fueled engine mean an engine that is designed to run using
an alcohol fuel. For purposes of this definition, alcohol fuels do not
include fuels with a nominal alcohol content below 25 percent by
volume.
    Auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that
senses temperature, motive speed, engine rpm, transmission gear, or any
other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying, or
deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system.
    Averaging set has the meaning given in Sec.  1036.740.
    Calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific
to a particular design, version, or application of a component or
assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its
working range.
    Carryover means relating to certification based on emission data
generated from an earlier model year as described in Sec.  1036.235(d).
    Certification means relating to the process of obtaining a
certificate of conformity for an engine family that complies with the
emission standards and requirements in this part.
    Certified emission level means the highest deteriorated emission
level in an engine family for a given pollutant from the applicable
transient and/or steady-state testing, rounded to the same number of
decimal places as the applicable standard. Note that you may have two
certified emission levels for CO2 if you certify a family
for both vocational and tractor use.
    Complete vehicle means a vehicle meeting the definition of complete
vehicle in 40 CFR 1037.801 when it is first sold as a vehicle. For
example, where a vehicle manufacturer sells an incomplete vehicle to a
secondary vehicle manufacturer, the vehicle is not a complete vehicle
under this part, even after its final assembly.
    Compression-ignition means relating to a type of reciprocating,
internal-combustion engine that is not a spark-ignition engine. Note
that Sec.  1036.1 also deems gas turbine engines and other engines to
be compression-ignition engines.
    Crankcase emissions means airborne substances emitted to the
atmosphere from any part of the engine crankcase's ventilation or
lubrication systems. The crankcase is the housing for the crankshaft
and other related internal parts.
    Criteria pollutants means emissions of NOX, HC, PM, and
CO. Note that these pollutants are also sometimes described
collectively as ``non-greenhouse gas pollutants'', although they do not
necessarily have negligible global warming potentials.
    Designated Compliance Officer means one of the following:
    (1) For engines subject to compression-ignition standards,
Designated Compliance Officer means Director, Diesel Engine Compliance
Center, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive,
Ann Arbor, MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>epa.gov/otaq/verify.
    (2) For engines subject to spark-ignition standards, Designated
Compliance Officer means Director, Gasoline Engine Compliance Center,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor,
MI 48105<EMAIL_ADDRESS>epa.gov/otaq/verify.
    Deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results
from applying the appropriate deterioration factor to the official
emission result of the emission-data engine. Note that where no
deterioration factor applies, references in this part to the
deteriorated emission level mean the official emission result.
    Deterioration factor means the relationship between emissions at
the end of useful life (or point of highest emissions if it occurs
before the end of useful life) and emissions at the low-hour/low-
mileage test point, expressed in one of the following ways:
    (1) For multiplicative deterioration factors, the ratio of
emissions at the end of useful life (or point of highest emissions) to
emissions at the low-hour test point.
    (2) For additive deterioration factors, the difference between
emissions at the end of useful life (or point of highest emissions) and
emissions at the low-hour test point.
    Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) means a liquid reducing agent (other
than the engine fuel) used in conjunction with selective catalytic
reduction to reduce NOX emissions. Diesel exhaust fluid is
generally understood to be an aqueous solution of urea conforming to
the specifications of ISO 22241.
    Dual-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on two
different types of fuel but not on a continuous mixture of those fuels
(see Sec.  1036.601(d)). For purposes of this part, such an engine
remains a dual-fuel engine even if it is designed for operation on
three or more different fuels.
    Emission control system means any device, system, or element of
design that

controls or reduces the emissions of regulated pollutants from an
engine.
    Emission-data engine means an engine that is tested for
certification. This includes engines tested to establish deterioration
factors.
    Emission-related maintenance means maintenance that substantially
affects emissions or is likely to substantially affect emission
deterioration.
    Engine configuration means a unique combination of engine hardware
and calibration (related to the emission standards) within an engine
family. Engines within a single engine configuration differ only with
respect to normal production variability or factors unrelated to
compliance with emission standards.
    Engine family has the meaning given in Sec.  1036.230.
    Excluded means relating to engines that are not subject to some or
all of the requirements of this part as follows:
    (1) An engine that has been determined not to be a heavy-duty
engine is excluded from this part.
    (2) Certain heavy-duty engines are excluded from the requirements
of this part under Sec.  1036.5.
    (3) Specific regulatory provisions of this part may exclude a
heavy-duty engine generally subject to this part from one or more
specific standards or requirements of this part.
    Exempted has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
    Exhaust gas recirculation means a technology that reduces emissions
by routing exhaust gases that had been exhausted from the combustion
chamber(s) back into the engine to be mixed with incoming air before or
during combustion. The use of valve timing to increase the amount of
residual exhaust gas in the combustion chamber(s) that is mixed with
incoming air before or during combustion is not considered exhaust gas
recirculation for the purposes of this part.
    Family certification level (FCL) means a CO2 emission
level declared by the manufacturer that is at or above emission test
results for all emission-data engines. The FCL serves as the emission
standard for the engine family with respect to certification testing if
it is different than the otherwise applicable standard. The FCL must be
expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard
it replaces.
    Family emission limit (FEL) means an emission level declared by the
manufacturer to serve in place of an otherwise applicable emission
standard (other than CO2 standards) under the ABT program in
subpart H of this part. The FEL must be expressed to the same number of
decimal places as the emission standard it replaces. The FEL serves as
the emission standard for the engine family with respect to all
required testing except certification testing for CO2. The
CO2 FEL is equal to the CO2 FCL multiplied by
1.03 and rounded to the same number of decimal places as the standard
(e.g., the nearest whole g/hp-hr for the 2016 CO2
standards).
    Flexible-fuel means relating to an engine designed for operation on
any mixture of two or more different types of fuels (see Sec.
1036.601(d)).
    Fuel type means a general category of fuels such as diesel fuel,
gasoline, or natural gas. There can be multiple grades within a single
fuel type, such as premium gasoline, regular gasoline, or gasoline with
10 percent ethanol.
    Good engineering judgment has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
See 40 CFR 1068.5 for the administrative process we use to evaluate
good engineering judgment.
    Greenhouse gas means one or more compounds regulated under this
part based primarily on their impact on the climate. This generally
includes CO2, CH4, and N2O.
    Greenhouse gas Emissions Model (GEM) means the GEM simulation tool
described in 40 CFR 1037.520. Note that an updated version of GEM
applies starting in model year 2021.
    Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) means the value specified by the
vehicle manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a single
vehicle, consistent with good engineering judgment.
    Heavy-duty engine means any engine which the engine manufacturer
could reasonably expect to be used for motive power in a heavy-duty
vehicle. For purposes of this definition in this part, the term
``engine'' includes internal combustion engines and other devices that
convert chemical fuel into motive power. For example, a fuel cell or a
gas turbine used in a heavy-duty vehicle is a heavy-duty engine.
    Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor vehicle above 8,500 pounds GVWR
or that has a vehicle curb weight above 6,000 pounds or that has a
basic vehicle frontal area greater than 45 square feet. Curb weight and
Basic vehicle frontal area have the meaning given in 40 CFR 86.1803.
    Hybrid means relating to an engine or powertrain that includes
energy storage features other than a conventional battery system or
conventional flywheel. Supplemental electrical batteries and hydraulic
accumulators are examples of hybrid energy storage systems. Note that
certain provisions in this part treat hybrid engines and powertrains
intended for vehicles that include regenerative braking different than
those intended for vehicles that do not include regenerative braking.
    Hydrocarbon (HC) means the hydrocarbon group on which the emission
standards are based for each fuel type. For alcohol-fueled engines, HC
means nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE). For all other engines,
HC means nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC).
    Identification number means a unique specification (for example, a
model number/serial number combination) that allows someone to
distinguish a particular engine from other similar engines.
    Incomplete vehicle means a vehicle meeting the definition of
incomplete vehicle in 40 CFR 1037.801 when it is first sold (or
otherwise delivered to another entity) as a vehicle.
    Innovative technology means technology certified under Sec.
1036.610 (also described as ``off-cycle technology'').
    Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) means a liquid hydrocarbon fuel that
is stored under pressure and is composed primarily of nonmethane
compounds that are gases at atmospheric conditions. Note that, although
this commercial term includes the word ``petroleum'', LPG is not
considered to be a petroleum fuel under the definitions of this
section.
    Low-hour means relating to an engine that has stabilized emissions
and represents the undeteriorated emission level. This would generally
involve less than 125 hours of operation.
    Manufacture means the physical and engineering process of
designing, constructing, and/or assembling a heavy-duty engine or a
heavy-duty vehicle.
    Manufacturer has the meaning given in section 216(1) of the Act. In
general, this term includes any person who manufactures or assembles an
engine, vehicle, or piece of equipment for sale in the United States or
otherwise introduces a new engine into commerce in the United States.
This includes importers who import engines or vehicles for resale.
    Medium-duty passenger vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR
86.1803.
    Model year means the manufacturer's annual new model production
period, except as restricted under this definition. It must include
January 1 of the calendar year for which the model year is named, may
not begin before January 2 of the previous calendar year, and it must
end by December 31 of the named calendar year. Manufacturers

may not adjust model years to circumvent or delay compliance with
emission standards or to avoid the obligation to certify annually.
    Motor vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 85.1703.
    Natural gas means a fuel whose primary constituent is methane.
    New motor vehicle engine has the meaning given in the Act. This
generally means a motor vehicle engine meeting the criteria of either
paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this definition.
    (1) A motor vehicle engine for which the ultimate purchaser has
never received the equitable or legal title is a new motor vehicle
engine. This kind of engine might commonly be thought of as ``brand
new'' although a new motor vehicle engine may include previously used
parts. Under this definition, the engine is new from the time it is
produced until the ultimate purchaser receives the title or places it
into service, whichever comes first.
    (2) An imported motor vehicle engine is a new motor vehicle engine
if it was originally built on or after January 1, 1970.
    (3) Any motor vehicle engine installed in a new motor vehicle.
    Noncompliant engine means an engine that was originally covered by
a certificate of conformity, but is not in the certified configuration
or otherwise does not comply with the conditions of the certificate.
    Nonconforming engine means an engine not covered by a certificate
of conformity that would otherwise be subject to emission standards.
    Nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) means the sum of all hydrocarbon
species except methane, as measured according to 40 CFR part 1065.
    Nonmethane hydrocarbon equivalent (NMHCE) has the meaning given in
40 CFR 1065.1001.
    Off-cycle technology means technology certified under Sec.
1036.610 (also described as ``innovative technology'').
    Official emission result means the measured emission rate for an
emission-data engine on a given duty cycle before the application of
any deterioration factor, but after the applicability of any required
regeneration or other adjustment factors.
    Owners manual means a document or collection of documents prepared
by the engine or vehicle manufacturer for the owner or operator to
describe appropriate engine maintenance, applicable warranties, and any
other information related to operating or keeping the engine. The
owners manual is typically provided to the ultimate purchaser at the
time of sale. The owners manual may be in paper or electronic format.
    Oxides of nitrogen has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
    Percent has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001. Note that this
means percentages identified in this part are assumed to be infinitely
precise without regard to the number of significant figures. For
example, one percent of 1,493 is 14.93.
    Placed into service means put into initial use for its intended
purpose, excluding incidental use by the manufacturer or a dealer.
    Preliminary approval means approval granted by an authorized EPA
representative prior to submission of an application for certification,
consistent with the provisions of Sec.  1036.210.
    Primary intended service class has the meaning given in Sec.
1036.140.
    Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) means the component(s) of
a hybrid engine or vehicle that store recovered energy for later use,
such as the battery system in an electric hybrid vehicle.
    Relating to as used in this section means relating to something in
a specific, direct manner. This expression is used in this section only
to define terms as adjectives and not to broaden the meaning of the
terms.
    Revoke has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
    Round has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
    Scheduled maintenance means adjusting, repairing, removing,
disassembling, cleaning, or replacing components or systems
periodically to keep a part or system from failing, malfunctioning, or
wearing prematurely. It also may mean actions you expect are necessary
to correct an overt indication of failure or malfunction for which
periodic maintenance is not appropriate.
    Small manufacturer means a manufacturer meeting the criteria
specified in 13 CFR 121.201. The employee and revenue limits apply to
the total number of employees and total revenue together for affiliated
companies. Note that manufacturers with low production volumes may or
may not be ``small manufacturers''.
    Spark-ignition means relating to a gasoline-fueled engine or any
other type of engine with a spark plug (or other sparking device) and
with operating characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical
Otto combustion cycle. Spark-ignition engines usually use a throttle to
regulate intake air flow to control power during normal operation.
    Steady-state has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1065.1001.
    Suspend has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
    Test engine means an engine in a test sample.
    Test sample means the collection of engines selected from the
population of an engine family for emission testing. This may include
testing for certification, production-line testing, or in-use testing.
    Tractor means a vehicle meeting the definition of ``tractor'' in 40
CFR 1037.801, but not classified as a ``vocational tractor'' under 40
CFR 1037.630, or relating to such a vehicle.
    Tractor engine means an engine certified for use in tractors. Where
an engine family is certified for use in both tractors and vocational
vehicles, ``tractor engine'' means an engine that the engine
manufacturer reasonably believes will be (or has been) installed in a
tractor. Note that the provisions of this part may require a
manufacturer to document how it determines that an engine is a tractor
engine.
    Ultimate purchaser means, with respect to any new engine or
vehicle, the first person who in good faith purchases such new engine
or vehicle for purposes other than resale.
    United States has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
    Upcoming model year means for an engine family the model year after
the one currently in production.
    U.S.-directed production volume means the number of engines,
subject to the requirements of this part, produced by a manufacturer
for which the manufacturer has a reasonable assurance that sale was or
will be made to ultimate purchasers in the United States. This does not
include engines certified to state emission standards that are
different than the emission standards in this part.
    Vehicle has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1037.801.
    Vocational engine means an engine certified for use in vocational
vehicles. Where an engine family is certified for use in both tractors
and vocational vehicles, ``vocational engine'' means an engine that the
engine manufacturer reasonably believes will be (or has been) installed
in a vocational vehicle. Note that the provisions of this part may
require a manufacturer to document how it determines that an engine is
a vocational engine.
    Vocational vehicle means a vehicle meeting the definition of
``vocational'' vehicle in 40 CFR 1037.801.
    Void has the meaning given in 40 CFR 1068.30.
    We (us, our) means the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency and any authorized representatives.

Sec.  1036.805  Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms.

    The procedures in this part generally follow either the
International System of Units (SI) or the United States customary
units, as detailed in NIST Special Publication 811 (incorporated by
reference in Sec.  1036.810). See 40 CFR 1065.20 for specific
provisions related to these conventions. This section summarizes the
way we use symbols, units of measure, and other abbreviations.
    (a) Symbols for chemical species. This part uses the following
symbols for chemical species and exhaust constituents:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Symbol                               Species
------------------------------------------------------------------------
C.........................................  carbon.
CH4.......................................  methane.
CH4N2O....................................  urea.
CO........................................  carbon monoxide.
CO2.......................................  carbon dioxide.
H2O.......................................  water.
HC........................................  hydrocarbon.
NMHC......................................  nonmethane hydrocarbon.
NMHCE.....................................  nonmethane hydrocarbon
                                             equivalent.
NO........................................  nitric oxide.
NO2.......................................  nitrogen dioxide.
NOX.......................................  oxides of nitrogen.
N2O.......................................  nitrous oxide.
PM........................................  particulate matter.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Symbols for quantities. This part uses the following symbols
and units of measure for various quantities:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     Symbol             Quantity               Unit             Unit  symbol      Unit in terms of SI base units
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[alpha].........  atomic hydrogen-to-  mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                   carbon ratio.
[beta]..........  atomic oxygen-to-    mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                   carbon ratio.
CdA.............  drag area..........  meter squared......  m\2\...............  m\2\.
Crr.............  coefficient of       kilogram per metric  kg/tonne...........  10-3.
                   rolling resistance.  ton.
D...............  distance...........  miles or meters....  mi or m............  m.
e...............  mass weighted        grams/ton-mile.....  g/ton-mi...........  g/kg-km.
                   emission result.
Eff.............  efficiency.........  ...................  ...................  ...............................
Em..............  mass-specific net    megajoules/kilogram  MJ/kg..............  m\2\[Cdot]s-2.
                   energy content.
fn..............  angular speed        revolutions per      r/min..............  [pi][Cdot]30[middot]s-1.
                   (shaft).             minute.
i...............  indexing variable..  ...................  ...................  ...............................
ka..............  drive axle ratio...  ...................  ...................  ...............................
ktopgear........  highest available    ...................  ...................  ...............................
                   transmission gear.
m...............  mass...............  pound mass or        lbm or kg..........  kg.
                                        kilogram.
M...............  molar mass.........  gram per mole......  g/mol..............  10-3[Cdot]kg[Cdot]mol-1.
M...............  vehicle mass.......  kilogram...........  kg.................  kg.
Mrotating.......  inertial mass of     kilogram...........  kg.................  kg.
                   rotating
                   components.
N...............  total number in a    ...................  ...................  ...............................
                   series.
P...............  power..............  kilowatt...........  kW.................  10\3\[Cdot]m\2\[Cdot]kg[Cdot]s-
                                                                                3.
T...............  torque (moment of    newton meter.......  N[Cdot]m...........  m\2\[Cdot]kg[Cdot]s-2.
                   force).
t...............  time...............  second.............  s..................  s.
[Delta]t........  time interval,       second.............  s..................  s.
                   period, 1/
                   frequency.
UF..............  utility factor.....  ...................  ...................  ...............................
v...............  speed..............  miles per hour or    mi/hr or m/s.......  m[Cdot]s-1.
                                        meters persecond.
W...............  work...............  kilowatt-hour......  kW[Cdot]hr.........  3.6[Cdot]m\2\[Cdot]kg[Cdot]s-1.
wC..............  carbon mass          gram/gram..........  g/g................  1.
                   fraction.
wCH4N2O.........  urea mass fraction.  gram/gram..........  g/g................  1.
x...............  amount of substance  mole per mole......  mol/mol............  1.
                   mole fraction.
xb..............  brake energy         ...................  ...................  ...............................
                   fraction.
xbl.............  brake energy limit.  ...................  ...................  ...............................
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Superscripts. This part uses the following superscripts to
define a quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                Superscript                           Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
overbar (such as y).......................  arithmetic mean.
overdot overdot (such as y)...............  quantity per unit time.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (d) Subscripts. This part uses the following subscripts to define a
quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Subscript                             Quantity
------------------------------------------------------------------------
65.....................................  65 miles per hour.
A......................................  A speed.
acc....................................  accessory.
app....................................  approved.
axle...................................  axle.
B......................................  B speed.
C......................................  C speed.
Ccombdry...............................  carbon from fuel per mole of
                                          dry exhaust.
CD.....................................  charge-depleting.
CO2DEF.................................  CO2 resulting from diesel
                                          exhaust fluid decomposition.
comb...................................  combustion.
cor....................................  corrected.
CS.....................................  charge-sustaining.
cycle..................................  test cycle.
DEF....................................  diesel exhaust fluid.
engine.................................  engine.
exh....................................  raw exhaust.
fuel...................................  fuel.
H2Oexhaustdry..........................  H2O in exhaust per mole of
                                          exhaust.
hi.....................................  high.
i......................................  an individual of a series.
idle...................................  idle.
m......................................  mass.
max....................................  maximum.
mapped.................................  mapped.
meas...................................  measured quantity.
neg....................................  negative.
pos....................................  positive.
record.................................  record.
ref....................................  reference quantity.
speed..................................  speed.
stall..................................  stall.
test...................................  test.
tire...................................  tire.
transient..............................  transient.
vehicle................................  vehicle.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (e) Other acronyms and abbreviations. This part uses the following
additional abbreviations and acronyms:

ABT averaging, banking, and trading
AECD auxiliary emission control device
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BTU British thermal units

CD charge-depleting
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CI compression ignition
CS charge-sustaining
DF deterioration factor
DOT Department of Transportation
E85 gasoline blend including nominally 85 percent denatured ethanol
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FCL Family Certification Level
FEL Family Emission Limit
GEM Greenhouse gas Emissions Model
g/hp-hr grams per brake horsepower-hour
GVWR gross vehicle weight rating
LPG liquefied petroleum gas
NARA National Archives and Records Administration
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
NTE not-to-exceed
RESS rechargeable energy storage system
RMC ramped-modal cycle
rpm revolutions per minute
SCR Selective catalytic reduction
SI spark ignition
U.S. United States
U.S.C. United States Code

    (f) Prefixes. This part uses the following prefixes to define a
quantity:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Symbol                       Quantity            Value
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[micro]............................  micro.................         10-6
m..................................  milli.................         10-3
c..................................  centi.................         10-2
k..................................  kilo..................        10\3\
M..................................  mega..................        10\6\
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sec.  1036.810  Incorporation by reference.

    (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part
with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5
U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that
specified in this section, the Environmental Protection Agency must
publish a document in the Federal Register and the material must be
available to the public. All approved material is available for
inspection at U.S. EPA, Air and Radiation Docket and Information
Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Room B102, EPA West Building,
Washington, DC 20460,<PHONE_NUMBER>, and is available from the sources
listed below. It is also available for inspection at the National
Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the
availability of this material at NARA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>, or go to
http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
    (b) American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor
Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959, (877) 909-
2786, http://www.astm.org/.
    (1) ASTM D4809-13 Standard Test Method for Heat of Combustion of
Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Precision Method),
approved May 1, 2013, (``ASTM D4809''), IBR approved for Sec.
1036.530(b).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (c) National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau
Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070,<PHONE_NUMBER>, or
www.nist.gov.
    (1) NIST Special Publication 811, Guide for the Use of the
International System of Units (SI), 2008 Edition, March 2008, IBR
approved for Sec.  1036.805.
    (2) [Reserved]

Sec.  1036.815  Confidential information.

    The provisions of 40 CFR 1068.10 apply for information you consider
confidential.

Sec.  1036.820  Requesting a hearing.

    (a) You may request a hearing under certain circumstances, as
described elsewhere in this part. To do this, you must file a written
request, including a description of your objection and any supporting
data, within 30 days after we make a decision.
    (b) For a hearing you request under the provisions of this part, we
will approve your request if we find that your request raises a
substantial factual issue.
    (c) If we agree to hold a hearing, we will use the procedures
specified in 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G.

Sec.  1036.825  Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    (a) This part includes various requirements to submit and record
data or other information. Unless we specify otherwise, store required
records in any format and on any media and keep them readily available
for eight years after you send an associated application for
certification, or eight years after you generate the data if they do
not support an application for certification. You are expected to keep
your own copy of required records rather than relying on someone else
to keep records on your behalf. We may review these records at any
time. You must promptly send us organized, written records in English
if we ask for them. We may require you to submit written records in an
electronic format.
    (b) The regulations in Sec.  1036.255 and 40 CFR 1068.25 and
1068.101 describe your obligation to report truthful and complete
information. This includes information not related to certification.
Failing to properly report information and keep the records we specify
violates 40 CFR 1068.101(a)(2), which may involve civil or criminal
penalties.
    (c) Send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated
Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1036.801).
    (d) Any written information we require you to send to or receive
from another company is deemed to be a required record under this
section. Such records are also deemed to be submissions to EPA. Keep
these records for eight years unless the regulations specify a
different period. We may require you to send us these records whether
or not you are a certificate holder.
    (e) Under the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the
Office of Management and Budget approves the reporting and
recordkeeping specified in the applicable regulations. The following
items illustrate the kind of reporting and recordkeeping we require for
engines and vehicles regulated under this part:
    (1) We specify the following requirements related to engine
certification in this part 1036:
    (i) In Sec.  1036.135 we require engine manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels sent to vehicle
manufacturers.
    (ii) In Sec.  1036.150 we include various reporting and
recordkeeping requirements related to interim provisions.
    (iii) In subpart C of this part we identify a wide range of
information required to certify engines.
    (iv) In subpart G of this part we identify several reporting and
recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various special compliance provisions.
    (v) In Sec. Sec.  1036.725, 1036.730, and 1036.735 we specify
certain records related to averaging, banking, and trading.
    (2) We specify the following requirements related to testing in 40
CFR part 1065:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1065.2 we give an overview of principles for
reporting information.
    (ii) In 40 CFR 1065.10 and 1065.12 we specify information needs for
establishing various changes to published test procedures.
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1065.25 we establish basic guidelines for storing
test information.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1065.695 we identify the specific information and
data items to record when measuring emissions.
    (3) We specify the following requirements related to the general

compliance provisions in 40 CFR part 1068:
    (i) In 40 CFR 1068.5 we establish a process for evaluating good
engineering judgment related to testing and certification.
    (ii) In 40 CFR 1068.25 we describe general provisions related to
sending and keeping information
    (iii) In 40 CFR 1068.27 we require manufacturers to make engines
available for our testing or inspection if we make such a request.
    (iv) In 40 CFR 1068.105 we require vehicle manufacturers to keep
certain records related to duplicate labels from engine manufacturers.
    (v) In 40 CFR 1068.120 we specify recordkeeping related to
rebuilding engines.
    (vi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart C, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to various exemptions.
    (vii) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart D, we identify several reporting
and recordkeeping items for making demonstrations and getting approval
related to importing engines.
    (viii) In 40 CFR 1068.450 and 1068.455 we specify certain records
related to testing production-line engines in a selective enforcement
audit.
    (ix) In 40 CFR 1068.501 we specify certain records related to
investigating and reporting emission-related defects.
    (x) In 40 CFR 1068.525 and 1068.530 we specify certain records
related to recalling nonconforming engines.
    (xi) In 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G, we specify certain records for
requesting a hearing.

Appendix I to Part 1036 -- Default Engine Fuel Maps for Sec.  1036.540

    This appendix includes default steady-state fuel maps for
performing cycle-average engine fuel mapping as described in
Sec. Sec.  1036.535 and 1036.540.
    (a) Use the following default fuel map for compression-ignition
engines that will be installed in Tractors and Vocational Heavy HDV:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Engine      Fuel mass
            Engine speed  (r/min)                 torque      rate  (g/
                                               (N[middot]m)      sec)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
666.7........................................             0        0.436
833.3........................................             0        0.665
1000.........................................             0         0.94
1166.7.......................................             0        1.002
1333.3.......................................             0         1.17
1500.........................................             0          1.5
1666.7.......................................             0        1.899
1833.3.......................................             0        2.378
2000.........................................             0         2.93
2166.7.......................................             0        3.516
2333.3.......................................             0        4.093
2500.........................................             0        4.672
500..........................................           300        0.974
666.7........................................           300        1.405
833.3........................................           300        1.873
1000.........................................           300        2.324
1166.7.......................................           300        2.598
1333.3.......................................           300        2.904
1500.........................................           300        3.397
1666.7.......................................           300        3.994
1833.3.......................................           300        4.643
2000.........................................           300        5.372
2166.7.......................................           300        6.141
2333.3.......................................           300        7.553
2500.........................................           300        8.449
500..........................................           600        1.723
666.7........................................           600        2.391
833.3........................................           600        3.121
1000.........................................           600        3.756
1166.7.......................................           600        4.197
1333.3.......................................           600        4.776
1500.........................................           600        5.492
1666.7.......................................           600        6.277
1833.3.......................................           600        7.129
2000.........................................           600        8.069
2166.7.......................................           600        9.745
2333.3.......................................           600       11.213
2500.........................................           600        12.59
500..........................................           900        2.637
666.7........................................           900        3.444
833.3........................................           900        4.243
1000.........................................           900        4.997
1166.7.......................................           900        5.802
1333.3.......................................           900        6.702
1500.........................................           900        7.676
1666.7.......................................           900          8.7
1833.3.......................................           900        9.821
2000.........................................           900        11.08
2166.7.......................................           900       13.051
2333.3.......................................           900       15.002
2500.........................................           900       16.862
500..........................................          1200        3.833
666.7........................................          1200        4.679
833.3........................................          1200        5.535
1000.........................................          1200        6.519
1166.7.......................................          1200        7.603
1333.3.......................................          1200        8.735
1500.........................................          1200        9.948
1666.7.......................................          1200       11.226
1833.3.......................................          1200       12.622
2000.........................................          1200       14.228
2166.7.......................................          1200       16.488
2333.3.......................................          1200       18.921
2500.........................................          1200       21.263
500..........................................          1500        6.299
666.7........................................          1500        6.768
833.3........................................          1500         6.95
1000.........................................          1500        8.096
1166.7.......................................          1500        9.399
1333.3.......................................          1500       10.764
1500.........................................          1500       12.238
1666.7.......................................          1500       13.827
1833.3.......................................          1500       15.586
2000.........................................          1500       17.589
2166.7.......................................          1500       20.493
2333.3.......................................          1500       23.366
2500.........................................          1500       26.055
500..........................................          1800        9.413
666.7........................................          1800        9.551
833.3........................................          1800        8.926
1000.........................................          1800        9.745
1166.7.......................................          1800        11.26
1333.3.......................................          1800       12.819
1500.........................................          1800       14.547
1666.7.......................................          1800       16.485
1833.3.......................................          1800       18.697
2000.........................................          1800       21.535
2166.7.......................................          1800       24.981
2333.3.......................................          1800       28.404
2500.........................................          1800       31.768
500..........................................          2100       13.128
666.7........................................          2100       12.936
833.3........................................          2100       12.325
1000.........................................          2100       11.421
1166.7.......................................          2100       13.174
1333.3.......................................          2100       14.969
1500.........................................          2100       16.971
1666.7.......................................          2100       19.274
1833.3.......................................          2100        22.09
2000.........................................          2100       25.654
2166.7.......................................          2100       29.399
2333.3.......................................          2100       32.958
2500.........................................          2100       36.543
500..........................................          2400       17.446
666.7........................................          2400       16.922
833.3........................................          2400       15.981
1000.........................................          2400       14.622
1166.7.......................................          2400       15.079
1333.3.......................................          2400       17.165
1500.........................................          2400       19.583
1666.7.......................................          2400       22.408
1833.3.......................................          2400       25.635
2000.........................................          2400        29.22
2166.7.......................................          2400       33.168
2333.3.......................................          2400       37.233
2500.........................................          2400       41.075
500..........................................          2700       22.365
666.7........................................          2700       21.511
833.3........................................          2700       20.225
1000.........................................          2700       17.549
1166.7.......................................          2700       17.131
1333.3.......................................          2700       19.588
1500.........................................          2700       22.514
1666.7.......................................          2700       25.574
1833.3.......................................          2700       28.909
2000.........................................          2700       32.407
2166.7.......................................          2700        36.18
2333.3.......................................          2700       40.454
2500.........................................          2700       44.968
500..........................................          3000       27.476
666.7........................................          3000       22.613
833.3........................................          3000       19.804
1000.........................................          3000       17.266
1166.7.......................................          3000       19.197
1333.3.......................................          3000       22.109
1500.........................................          3000       25.288
1666.7.......................................          3000        28.44
1833.3.......................................          3000       31.801
2000.........................................          3000       35.405
2166.7.......................................          3000       39.152
2333.3.......................................          3000       42.912
2500.........................................          3000       47.512
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (b) Use the following default fuel map for compression-ignition
engines that will be installed in Vocational Light HDV and Medium
HDV:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Engine      Fuel mass
            Engine speed  (r/min)                 torque      rate  (g/
                                               (N[middot]m)      sec)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
708.3........................................             0        0.255
916.7........................................             0        0.263
1125.........................................             0        0.342

1333.3.......................................             0        0.713
1541.7.......................................             0        0.885
1750.........................................             0        1.068
1958.3.......................................             0         1.27
2166.7.......................................             0        1.593
2375.........................................             0        1.822
2583.3.......................................             0        2.695
2791.7.......................................             0        4.016
3000.........................................             0        5.324
500..........................................           120        0.515
708.3........................................           120        0.722
916.7........................................           120        0.837
1125.........................................           120        1.097
1333.3.......................................           120        1.438
1541.7.......................................           120        1.676
1750.........................................           120        1.993
1958.3.......................................           120         2.35
2166.7.......................................           120        2.769
2375.........................................           120        3.306
2583.3.......................................           120        4.004
2791.7.......................................           120         4.78
3000.........................................           120        5.567
500..........................................           240        0.862
708.3........................................           240        1.158
916.7........................................           240        1.462
1125.........................................           240         1.85
1333.3.......................................           240        2.246
1541.7.......................................           240        2.603
1750.........................................           240        3.086
1958.3.......................................           240        3.516
2166.7.......................................           240        4.093
2375.........................................           240        4.726
2583.3.......................................           240        5.372
2791.7.......................................           240        6.064
3000.........................................           240        6.745
500..........................................           360        1.221
708.3........................................           360        1.651
916.7........................................           360        2.099
1125.........................................           360         2.62
1333.3.......................................           360        3.116
1541.7.......................................           360        3.604
1750.........................................           360        4.172
1958.3.......................................           360        4.754
2166.7.......................................           360        5.451
2375.........................................           360         6.16
2583.3.......................................           360        7.009
2791.7.......................................           360        8.007
3000.........................................           360        8.995
500..........................................           480        1.676
708.3........................................           480        2.194
916.7........................................           480         2.76
1125.........................................           480        3.408
1333.3.......................................           480        4.031
1541.7.......................................           480        4.649
1750.........................................           480        5.309
1958.3.......................................           480        6.052
2166.7.......................................           480        6.849
2375.........................................           480        7.681
2583.3.......................................           480        8.783
2791.7.......................................           480       10.073
3000.........................................           480        11.36
500..........................................           600        2.147
708.3........................................           600        2.787
916.7........................................           600        3.478
1125.........................................           600        4.227
1333.3.......................................           600        4.999
1541.7.......................................           600        5.737
1750.........................................           600        6.511
1958.3.......................................           600        7.357
2166.7.......................................           600        8.289
2375.........................................           600        9.295
2583.3.......................................           600       10.541
2791.7.......................................           600       11.914
3000.........................................           600       13.286
500..........................................           720        2.744
708.3........................................           720        3.535
916.7........................................           720        4.356
1125.........................................           720        5.102
1333.3.......................................           720        5.968
1541.7.......................................           720        6.826
1750.........................................           720        7.733
1958.3.......................................           720        8.703
2166.7.......................................           720        9.792
2375.........................................           720       10.984
2583.3.......................................           720       12.311
2791.7.......................................           720       13.697
3000.........................................           720       15.071
500..........................................           840        3.518
708.3........................................           840        4.338
916.7........................................           840        5.186
1125.........................................           840        6.063
1333.3.......................................           840        6.929
1541.7.......................................           840        7.883
1750.........................................           840         8.94
1958.3.......................................           840       10.093
2166.7.......................................           840       11.329
2375.........................................           840       12.613
2583.3.......................................           840       13.983
2791.7.......................................           840       15.419
3000.........................................           840       16.853
500..........................................           960        4.251
708.3........................................           960        5.098
916.7........................................           960        5.974
1125.........................................           960        6.917
1333.3.......................................           960        7.889
1541.7.......................................           960        8.913
1750.........................................           960       10.152
1958.3.......................................           960       11.482
2166.7.......................................           960        12.87
2375.........................................           960       14.195
2583.3.......................................           960       15.562
2791.7.......................................           960       16.995
3000.........................................           960       18.492
500..........................................          1080        4.978
708.3........................................          1080        5.928
916.7........................................          1080        6.877
1125.........................................          1080        7.827
1333.3.......................................          1080        8.838
1541.7.......................................          1080         9.91
1750.........................................          1080       11.347
1958.3.......................................          1080        12.85
2166.7.......................................          1080       14.398
2375.........................................          1080       15.745
2583.3.......................................          1080       17.051
2791.7.......................................          1080       18.477
3000.........................................          1080       19.971
500..........................................          1200        5.888
708.3........................................          1200        6.837
916.7........................................          1200        7.787
1125.........................................          1200        8.736
1333.3.......................................          1200        9.786
1541.7.......................................          1200       10.908
1750.........................................          1200       12.541
1958.3.......................................          1200       14.217
2166.7.......................................          1200       15.925
2375.........................................          1200         17.3
2583.3.......................................          1200       18.606
2791.7.......................................          1200       19.912
3000.........................................          1200       21.357
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) Use the following default fuel map for all spark-ignition
engines:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  Engine      Fuel mass
            Engine speed  (r/min)                 torque      rate  (g/
                                               (N[middot]m)      sec)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
875..........................................             0        0.535
1250.........................................             0        0.734
1625.........................................             0        0.975
2000.........................................             0        1.238
2375.........................................             0        1.506
2750.........................................             0        1.772
3125.........................................             0         2.07
3500.........................................             0        2.394
3875.........................................             0        2.795
4250.........................................             0        3.312
4625.........................................             0        3.349
5000.........................................             0        3.761
500..........................................            65        0.458
875..........................................            65        0.759
1250.........................................            65        1.065
1625.........................................            65         1.43
2000.........................................            65        1.812
2375.........................................            65         2.22
2750.........................................            65         2.65
3125.........................................            65        3.114
3500.........................................            65        3.646
3875.........................................            65        4.225
4250.........................................            65        4.861
4625.........................................            65        5.328
5000.........................................            65        6.028
500..........................................           130        0.666
875..........................................           130        1.063
1250.........................................           130        1.497
1625.........................................           130        1.976
2000.........................................           130        2.469
2375.........................................           130        3.015
2750.........................................           130         3.59
3125.........................................           130        4.218
3500.........................................           130          4.9
3875.........................................           130        5.652
4250.........................................           130        6.484
4625.........................................           130        7.308
5000.........................................           130        8.294
500..........................................           195        0.856
875..........................................           195        1.377
1250.........................................           195        1.923
1625.........................................           195        2.496
2000.........................................           195        3.111
2375.........................................           195        3.759
2750.........................................           195         4.49
3125.........................................           195        5.269
3500.........................................           195         6.13
3875.........................................           195        7.124
4250.........................................           195        8.189
4625.........................................           195        9.288
5000.........................................           195       10.561
500..........................................           260        1.079
875..........................................           260        1.716
1250.........................................           260        2.373
1625.........................................           260        3.083
2000.........................................           260        3.832
2375.........................................           260        4.599
2750.........................................           260        5.443
3125.........................................           260        6.391
3500.........................................           260        7.444
3875.........................................           260        8.564
4250.........................................           260        9.821
4625.........................................           260       11.268
5000.........................................           260       12.828
500..........................................           325        1.354
875..........................................           325         2.06
1250.........................................           325        2.844
1625.........................................           325        3.696
2000.........................................           325        4.579
2375.........................................           325        5.466
2750.........................................           325        6.434
3125.........................................           325        7.542

3500.........................................           325        8.685
3875.........................................           325        9.768
4250.........................................           325       11.011
4625.........................................           325       13.249
5000.........................................           325       15.095
500..........................................           390        1.609
875..........................................           390         2.44
1250.........................................           390        3.317
1625.........................................           390         4.31
2000.........................................           390        5.342
2375.........................................           390        6.362
2750.........................................           390        7.489
3125.........................................           390        8.716
3500.........................................           390        9.865
3875.........................................           390       10.957
4250.........................................           390       12.405
4625.........................................           390       15.229
5000.........................................           390       17.363
500..........................................           455        2.245
875..........................................           455        2.969
1250.........................................           455        3.867
1625.........................................           455        4.992
2000.........................................           455        6.215
2375.........................................           455        7.415
2750.........................................           455         8.76
3125.........................................           455       10.175
3500.........................................           455        11.53
3875.........................................           455       12.889
4250.........................................           455       14.686
4625.........................................           455       17.243
5000.........................................           455       19.633
500..........................................           520        3.497
875..........................................           520        4.444
1250.........................................           520        5.084
1625.........................................           520        5.764
2000.........................................           520        7.205
2375.........................................           520        8.597
2750.........................................           520       10.135
3125.........................................           520       11.708
3500.........................................           520       12.962
3875.........................................           520       14.225
4250.........................................           520       15.647
4625.........................................           520       17.579
5000.........................................           520       20.031
500..........................................           585        5.179
875..........................................           585        5.962
1250.........................................           585          5.8
1625.........................................           585        6.341
2000.........................................           585        7.906
2375.........................................           585        9.452
2750.........................................           585       10.979
3125.........................................           585       13.019
3500.........................................           585       13.966
3875.........................................           585       15.661
4250.........................................           585       16.738
4625.........................................           585       17.935
5000.........................................           585       19.272
500..........................................           650        6.834
875..........................................           650        7.316
1250.........................................           650        5.632
1625.........................................           650        6.856
2000.........................................           650        8.471
2375.........................................           650       10.068
2750.........................................           650       11.671
3125.........................................           650       14.655
3500.........................................           650       14.804
3875.........................................           650       16.539
4250.........................................           650       18.415
4625.........................................           650       19.152
5000.........................................           650        20.33
------------------------------------------------------------------------

0
138. Part 1037 is revised to read as follows:

PART 1037--CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW HEAVY-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES

Subpart A--Overview and Applicability
Sec. C
1037.1 Applicability.
1037.2 Who is responsible for compliance?
1037.5 Excluded vehicles.
1037.10 How is this part organized?
1037.15 Do any other regulation parts apply to me?
1037.30 Submission of information.
Subpart B--Emission Standards and Related Requirements
1037.101 Overview of emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.
1037.102 Exhaust emission standards for NOX, HC, PM, and
CO.
1037.103 Evaporative and refueling emission standards.
1037.104 Exhaust emission standards for chassis-certified heavy-duty
vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.
1037.105 CO2 emission standards for vocational vehicles.
1037.106 Exhaust emission standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds
GVWR.
1037.107 Emission standards for trailers.
1037.115 Other requirements.
1037.120 Emission-related warranty requirements.
1037.125 Maintenance instructions and allowable maintenance.
1037.130 Assembly instructions for secondary vehicle manufacturers.
1037.135 Labeling.
1037.140 Classifying vehicles and determining vehicle parameters.
1037.150 Interim provisions.
Subpart C--Certifying Vehicle Families
1037.201 General requirements for obtaining a certificate of
conformity.
1037.205 What must I include in my application?
1037.210 Preliminary approval before certification.
1037.211 Preliminary approval for manufacturers of aerodynamic
devices.
1037.220 Amending maintenance instructions.
1037.225 Amending applications for certification.
1037.230 Vehicle families, sub-families, and configurations.
1037.231 Powertrain families.
1037.232 Axle and transmission families.
1037.235 Testing requirements for certification.
1037.241 Demonstrating compliance with exhaust emission standards
for greenhouse gas pollutants.
1037.243 Demonstrating compliance with evaporative emission
standards.
1037.250 Reporting and recordkeeping.
1037.255 What decisions may EPA make regarding my certificate of
conformity?
Subpart D--Testing Production Vehicles and Engines
1037.301 Overview of measurements related to GEM inputs in a
selective enforcement audit.
1037.305 Audit procedures for tractors--aerodynamic testing.
1037.310 Audit procedures for trailers.
1037.315 Audit procedures related to powertrain testing.
1037.320 Audit procedures for axles and transmissions.
Subpart E--In-use Testing
1037.401 General provisions.
Subpart F--Test and Modeling Procedures
1037.501 General testing and modeling provisions.
1037.510 Duty-cycle exhaust testing.
1037.515 Determining CO2 emissions to show compliance for
trailers.
1037.520 Modeling CO2 emissions to show compliance for
vocational vehicles and tractors.
1037.525 Aerodynamic measurements for tractors.
1037.526 Aerodynamic measurements for trailers.
1037.527 Aerodynamic measurements for vocational vehicles.
1037.528 Coastdown procedures for calculating drag area
(CdA).
1037.530 Wind-tunnel procedures for calculating drag area
(CdA).
1037.532 Using computational fluid dynamics to calculate drag area
(CdA).
1037.534 Constant-speed procedure for calculating drag area
(CdA).
1037.540 Special procedures for testing vehicles with hybrid power
take-off.
1037.550 Powertrain testing.
1037.551 Engine-based simulation of powertrain testing.
1037.555 Special procedures for testing Phase 1 hybrid systems.
1037.560 Axle efficiency test.
1037.565 Transmission efficiency test.
Subpart G--Special Compliance Provisions
1037.601 General compliance provisions.
1037.605 Installing engines certified to alternate standards for
specialty vehicles.
1037.610 Vehicles with off-cycle technologies.
1037.615 Advanced technologies.
1037.620 Responsibilities for multiple manufacturers.
1037.621 Delegated assembly.
1037.622 Shipment of partially complete vehicles to secondary
vehicle manufacturers.
1037.630 Special purpose tractors.
1037.631 Exemption for vocational vehicles intended for off-road
use.
1037.635 Glider kits and glider vehicles.
1037.640 Variable vehicle speed limiters.
1037.645 In-use compliance with family emission limits (FELs).
1037.655 Post-useful life vehicle modifications.
1037.660 Idle-reduction technologies.
1037.665 Production and in-use tractor testing.
1037.670 Optional CO2 emission standards for tractors at
or above 120,000 pounds GCWR.

Subpart H--Averaging, Banking, and Trading for Certification
1037.701 General provisions.
1037.705 Generating and calculating emission credits.
1037.710 Averaging.
1037.715 Banking.
1037.720 Trading.
1037.725 What must I include in my application for certification?
1037.730 ABT reports.
1037.735 Recordkeeping.
1037.740 Restrictions for using emission credits.
1037.745 End-of-year CO2 credit deficits.
1037.750 What can happen if I do not comply with the provisions of
this subpart?
1037.755 Information provided to the Department of Transportation.
Subpart I--Definitions and Other Reference Information
1037.801 Definitions.
1037.805 Symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms.
1037.810 Incorporation by reference.
1037.815 Confidential information.
1037.820 Requesting a hearing.
1037.825 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    &&Appendix I to Part 1037--Heavy-duty Transient Test Cycle
    Appendix II to Part 1037--Power Take-Off Test Cycle
    Appendix III to Part 1037--Emission Control Identifiers
    Appendix IV to Part 1037--Heavy-duty Grade Profile for Phase 2
Steady-State Test Cycles
    Appendix V to Part 1037--Power Take-Off Utility Factors

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401--7671q.

Subpart A--Overview and Applicability

Sec.  1037.1  Applicability.

    (a) This part contains standards and other regulations applicable
to the emission of the air pollutant defined as the aggregate group of
six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane,
hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. The
regulations in this part 1037 apply for all new heavy-duty vehicles,
except as provided in Sec. Sec.  1037.5 and 1037.104. This includes
electric vehicles and vehicles fueled by conventional and alternative
fuels. This also includes certain trailers as described in Sec. Sec.
1037.5, 1037.150, and 1037.801.
    (b) The provisions of this part apply for alternative fuel
conversions as specified in 40 CFR part 85, subpart F.

Sec.  1037.2  Who is responsible for compliance?

    The regulations in this part 1037 contain provisions that affect
both vehicle manufacturers and others. However, the requirements of
this part are generally addressed to the vehicle manufacturer(s). The
term ``you'' generally means the vehicle manufacturer(s), especially
for issues related to certification. See Sec.  1037.801 for the
definition of ``manufacturer'' and Sec.  1037.620 for provisions
related to compliance when there are multiple entities meeting the
definition of ``manufacturer.'' Additional requirements and
prohibitions apply to other persons as specified in subpart G of this
part and 40 CFR part 1068.

Sec.  1037.5  Excluded vehicles.

    Except for the definitions specified in Sec.  1037.801, this part
does not apply to the following vehicles:
    (a) Vehicles not meeting the definition of ``motor vehicle'' in
Sec.  1037.801.
    (b) Vehicles excluded from the definition of ``heavy-duty vehicle''
in Sec.  1037.801 because of vehicle weight, weight rating, and frontal
area (such as light-duty vehicles and light-duty trucks).
    (c) Vehicles produced in model years before 2014, unless they were
certified under Sec.  1037.150.
    (d) Medium-duty passenger vehicles and other vehicles subject to
the light-duty greenhouse gas standards of 40 CFR part 86. See 40 CFR
86.1818 for greenhouse gas standards that apply for these vehicles. An
example of such a vehicle would be a vehicle meeting the definition of
``heavy-duty vehicle'' in Sec.  1037.801 and 40 CFR 86.1803, but also
meeting the definition of ``light truck'' in 40 CFR 86.1818-12(b)(2).
    (e) Vehicles subject to the heavy-duty greenhouse gas standards of
40 CFR part 86. See 40 CFR 86.1819 for greenhouse gas standards that
apply for these vehicles. This generally applies for complete heavy-
duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.
    (f) Aircraft meeting the definition of ``motor vehicle''. For
example, this would include certain convertible aircraft that can be
adjusted to operate on public roads. Standards apply separately to
certain aircraft engines, as described in 40 CFR part 87.
    (g) Non-box trailers other than flatbed trailers, tank trailers,
and container chassis.
    (h) Trailers meeting one or more of the following characteristics:
    (1) Trailers with four or more axles and trailers less than 35 feet
long with three axles (i.e., trailers intended for hauling very heavy
loads).
    (2) Trailers intended for temporary or permanent residence, office
space, or other work space, such as campers, mobile homes, and carnival
trailers.
    (3) Trailers with a gap of at least 120 inches between adjacent
axle centerlines. In the case of adjustable axle spacing, this refers
to the closest possible axle positioning.
    (4) Trailers built before January 1, 2018.
    (5) Note that the definition of ``trailer'' in Sec.  1037.801
excludes equipment that serves similar purposes but are not intended to
be pulled by a tractor. This exclusion applies to such equipment
whether or not they are known commercially as trailers. For example,
any equipment pulled by a heavy-duty vehicle with a pintle hook or
hitch instead of a fifth wheel does not qualify as a trailer under this
part.
    (i) Where it is unclear, you may ask us to make a determination
regarding the exclusions identified in this section. We recommend that
you make your request before you produce the vehicle.

Sec.  1037.10  How is this part organized?

    This part 1037 is divided into the following subparts:
    (a) Subpart A of this part defines the applicability of part 1037
and gives an overview of regulatory requirements.
    (b) Subpart B of this part describes the emission standards and
other requirements that must be met to certify vehicles under this
part. Note that Sec.  1037.150 discusses certain interim requirements
and compliance provisions that apply only for a limited time.
    (c) Subpart C of this part describes how to apply for a certificate
of conformity for vehicles subject to the standards of Sec.  1037.105
or Sec.  1037.106.
    (d) Subpart D of this part addresses testing of production
vehicles.
    (e) Subpart E of this part addresses testing of in-use vehicles.
    (f) Subpart F of this part describes how to test your vehicles and
perform emission modeling (including references to other parts of the
Code of Federal Regulations) for vehicles subject to the standards of
Sec.  1037.105 or Sec.  1037.106.
    (g) Subpart G of this part and 40 CFR part 1068 describe
requirements, prohibitions, and other provisions that apply to
manufacturers, owners, operators, rebuilders, and all others. Section
1037.601 describes how 40 CFR part 1068 applies for heavy-duty
vehicles.
    (h) Subpart H of this part describes how you may generate and use
emission credits to certify vehicles.
    (i) Subpart I of this part contains definitions and other reference
information.

Sec.  1037.15  Do any other regulation parts apply to me?

    (a) Parts 1065 and 1066 of this chapter describe procedures and
equipment specifications for testing engines and vehicles to measure
exhaust emissions. Subpart F of this part 1037 describes how to apply
the provisions of part 1065 and part 1066 of this chapter to determine
whether vehicles meet the exhaust emission standards in this part.
    (b) As described in Sec.  1037.601, certain requirements and
prohibitions of part 1068 of this chapter apply to everyone, including
anyone who manufactures, imports, installs, owns, operates, or rebuilds
any of the vehicles subject to this part 1037. Part 1068 of this
chapter describes general provisions that apply broadly, but do not
necessarily apply for all vehicles or all persons. The issues addressed
by these provisions include these seven areas:
    (1) Prohibited acts and penalties for manufacturers and others.
    (2) Rebuilding and other aftermarket changes.
    (3) Exclusions and exemptions for certain vehicles.
    (4) Importing vehicles.
    (5) Selective enforcement audits of your production.
    (6) Recall.
    (7) Procedures for hearings.
    (c) [Reserved]
    (d) Other parts of this chapter apply if referenced in this part.

Sec.  1037.30  Submission of information.

    Unless we specify otherwise, send all reports and requests for
approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see Sec.  1037.801). See
Sec.  1037.825 for additional reporting and recordkeeping provisions.

Subpart B--Emission Standards and Related Requirements

Sec.  1037.101  Overview of emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles.

    (a) This part specifies emission standards for certain vehicles and
for certain pollutants. This part contains standards and other
regulations applicable to the emission of the air pollutant defined as
the aggregate group of six greenhouse gases: Carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur
hexafluoride.
    (b) The regulated emissions are addressed in four groups:
    (1) Exhaust emissions of NOx, HC, PM, and CO. These
pollutants are sometimes described collectively as ``criteria
pollutants'' because they are either criteria pollutants under the
Clean Air Act or precursors to the criteria pollutant ozone. These
pollutants are also sometimes described collectively as ``non-
greenhouse gas pollutants'', although they do not necessarily have
negligible global warming potential. As described in Sec.  1037.102,
standards for these pollutants are provided in 40 CFR part 86.
    (2) Exhaust emissions of CO2, CH4, and
N2O. These pollutants are described collectively in this
part as ``greenhouse gas pollutants'' because they are regulated
primarily based on their impact on the climate. These standards are
provided in Sec. Sec.  1037.105 through 1037.107.
    (3) Hydrofluorocarbons. These pollutants are also ``greenhouse gas
pollutants'' but are treated separately from exhaust greenhouse gas
pollutants listed in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. These standards
are provided in Sec.  1037.115.
    (4) Fuel evaporative emissions. These requirements are described in
Sec.  1037.103.
    (c) The regulated heavy-duty vehicles are addressed in different
groups as follows:
    (1) For criteria pollutants, vocational vehicles and tractors are
regulated based on gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), whether they are
considered ``spark-ignition'' or ``compression-ignition,'' and whether
they are first sold as complete or incomplete vehicles.
    (2) For greenhouse gas pollutants, vehicles are regulated in the
following groups:
    (i) Tractors above 26,000 pounds GVWR.
    (ii) Trailers.
    (iii) Vocational vehicles.
    (3) The greenhouse gas emission standards apply differently
depending on the vehicle service class as described in Sec.  1037.140.
In addition, standards apply differently for vehicles with spark-
ignition and compression-ignition engines. References in this part 1037
to ``spark-ignition'' or ``compression-ignition'' generally relate to
the application of standards under 40 CFR 1036.140. For example, a
vehicle with an engine certified to spark-ignition standards under 40
CFR part 1036 is generally subject to requirements under this part 1037
that apply for spark-ignition vehicles. However, note that emission
standards for heavy heavy-duty engines are considered to be
compression-ignition standards for purposes of applying vehicle
emission standards under this part. Also, for spark-ignition engines
voluntarily certified as compression-ignition engines under 40 CFR part
1036, you must choose at certification whether your vehicles are
subject to spark-ignition standards or compression-ignition standards.
    (4) For evaporative and refueling emissions, vehicles are regulated
based on the type of fuel they use. Vehicles fueled with volatile
liquid fuels or gaseous fuels are subject to evaporative emission
standards. Vehicles up to a certain size that are fueled with gasoline,
diesel fuel, ethanol, methanol, or LPG are subject to refueling
emission standards.

Sec.  1037.102  Exhaust emission standards for NOX, HC, PM,
and CO.

    See 40 CFR part 86 for the exhaust emission standards for
NOX, HC, PM, and CO that apply for heavy-duty vehicles.

Sec.  1037.103  Evaporative and refueling emission standards.

    (a) Applicability. Evaporative and refueling emission standards
apply to heavy-duty vehicles as follows:
    (1) Complete and incomplete heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000
pounds GVWR must meet evaporative and refueling emission standards as
specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, instead of the requirements
specified in this section.
    (2) Heavy-duty vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR that run on
volatile liquid fuel (such as gasoline or ethanol) or gaseous fuel
(such as natural gas or LPG) must meet evaporative and refueling
emission standards as specified in this section.
    (b) Emission standards. The evaporative and refueling emission
standards and measurement procedures specified in 40 CFR 86.1813 apply
for vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR, except as described in this
section. The evaporative emission standards phase in over model years
2018 through 2022, with provisions allowing for voluntary compliance
with the standards as early as model year 2015. Count vehicles subject
to standards under this section the same as heavy-duty vehicles at or
below 14,000 pounds GVWR to comply with the phase-in requirements
specified in 40 CFR 86.1813. These vehicles may generate and use
emission credits as described in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, but only
for vehicles that are tested for certification instead of relying on
the provisions of paragraph (c) of this section. The following
provisions apply instead of what is specified in 40 CFR 86.1813:
    (1) The refueling standards in 40 CFR 86.1813-17(b) apply to
complete vehicles starting in model year 2022; they are optional for
incomplete vehicles.

    (2) The leak standard in 40 CFR 86.1813-17(a)(4) does not apply.
    (3) The FEL cap relative to the diurnal plus hot soak standard for
low-altitude testing is 1.9 grams per test.
    (4) The diurnal plus hot soak standard for high-altitude testing is
2.3 grams per test.
    (5) Testing does not require measurement of exhaust emissions.
Disregard references in subpart B of this part to procedures, equipment
specifications, and recordkeeping related to measuring exhaust
emissions. All references to the exhaust test under 40 CFR part 86,
subpart B, are considered the ``dynamometer run'' as part of the
evaporative testing sequence under this subpart.
    (6) Vehicles not yet subject to the Tier 3 standards in 40 CFR
86.1813 must meet evaporative emission standards as specified in 40 CFR
86.008-10(b)(1) and (2) for Otto-cycle applications and 40 CFR 86.007-
11(b)(3)(ii) and (b)(4)(ii) for diesel-cycle applications.
    (c) Compliance demonstration. You may provide a statement in the
application for certification that vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR
comply with evaporative and refueling emission standards instead of
submitting test data if you include an engineering analysis describing
how vehicles include design parameters, equipment, operating controls,
or other elements of design that adequately demonstrate that vehicles
comply with the standards. We would expect emission control components
and systems to exhibit a comparable degree of control relative to
vehicles that comply based on testing. For example, vehicles that
comply under this paragraph (c) should rely on comparable material
specifications to limit fuel permeation, and components should be sized
and calibrated to correspond with the appropriate fuel capacities, fuel
flow rates, purge strategies, and other vehicle operating
characteristics. You may alternatively show that design parameters are
comparable to those for vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR
certified under 40 CFR part 86, subpart S.
    (d) CNG refueling requirement. Compressed natural gas vehicles must
meet the requirements for fueling connection devices as specified in 40
CFR 86.1813-17(f)(1). Vehicles meeting these requirements are deemed to
comply with evaporative and refueling emission standards.
    (e) LNG refueling requirement. Fuel tanks for liquefied natural gas
vehicles must meet the hold-time requirements in Section 4.2 of SAE
J2343 (incorporated by reference in Sec.  1037.810), as modified by
this paragraph (e). All pressures noted are gauge pressure. Vehicles
with tanks meeting these requirements are deemed to comply with
evaporative and refueling emission standards. The provisions of this
paragraph (e) are optional for vehicles produced before January 1,
2020. The hold-time requirements of SAE J2343 apply, with the following
clarifications and additions:
    (1) Hold time must be at least 120 hours. Use the following
procedure to determine hold time for an LNG fuel tank that will be
installed on a heavy-duty vehicle:
    (i) Prepare the stored (offboard) fuel and the vehicle such that
tank pressure after the refueling event stabilizes below 690 kPa.
    (ii) Fill the tank to the point of automatic shutoff using a
conventional refueling system. This is intended to achieve a net full
condition.
    (iii) The hold time starts when tank pressure increases to 690 kPa,
and ends when the tank first vents for pressure relief. Use good
engineering judgment to document the point at which the pressure-relief
valve opens.
    (iv) Keep the tank at rest away from direct sun with ambient
temperatures between (10 and 30) [deg]C throughout the measurement
procedure.
    (2) Following a complete refueling event as described in paragraph
(e)(1) of this section and a short drive, installed tanks may not
increase in pressure by more than 9 kPa per hour over a minimum 12 hour
interval when parked away from direct sun with ambient temperatures at
or below 30 [deg]C. Calculate the allowable pressure gain by
multiplying the park time in hours by 9 and rounding to the nearest
whole number. Do not include the first hour after engine shutdown, and
start the test only when tank pressure is between 345 and 900 kPa.
    (3) The standards described in this paragraph (e) apply over the
vehicle's useful life as specified in paragraph (f) of this section.
The warranty requirements of Sec.  1037.120 also apply for these
standards.
    (4) You may specify any amount of inspection and maintenance,
consistent with good engineering judgment, to ensure that tanks meet
the standards in this paragraph (e) during and after the useful life.
    (f) Useful life. The evaporative emission standards of this section
apply for the full useful life, expressed in service miles or calendar
years, whichever comes first. The useful life values for the standards
of this section are the same as the values described for evaporative
emission standards in 40 CFR 86.1805.
    (g) Auxiliary engines and separate fuel systems. The provisions of
this paragraph (g) apply for vehicles with auxiliary engines. This
includes any engines installed in the final vehicle configuration that
contribute no motive power through the vehicle's transmission.
    (1) Auxiliary engines and associated fuel-system components must be
installed when testing complete vehicles. If the auxiliary engine draws
fuel from a separate fuel tank, you must fill the extra fuel tank
before the start of diurnal testing as described for the vehicle's main
fuel tank. Use good engineering judgment to ensure that any nonmetal
portions of the fuel system related to the auxiliary engine have
reached stabilized levels of permeation emissions. The auxiliary engine
must not operate during the running loss test or any other portion of
testing under this section.
    (2) For testing with incomplete vehicles, you may omit installation
of auxiliary engines and associated fuel-system components as long as
those components installed in the final configuration are certified to
meet the applicable emission standards for Small SI equipment described
in 40 CFR 1054.112 or for Large SI engines in 40 CFR 1048.105. For any
fuel-system components that you do not install, your installation
instructions must describe this certification requirement.

Sec.  1037.104  Exhaust emission standards for chassis-certified heavy-
duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR.

    Heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR are not subject
to the provisions of this part 1037 if they are subject to 40 CFR part
86, subpart S, including all vehicles certified under 40 CFR part 86,
subpart S. See especially 40 CFR 86.1819 and 86.1865 for emission
standards and compliance provisions that apply for these vehicles.

Sec.  1037.105  CO2 emission standards for vocational
vehicles.

    (a) The standards of this section apply for the following vehicles:
    (1) Heavy-duty vehicles at or below 14,000 pounds GVWR that are
excluded from the standards in 40 CFR 86.1819 or that use engines
certified under Sec.  1037.150(m).
    (2) Vehicles above 14,000 pounds GVWR and at or below 26,000 pounds
GVWR, but not certified to the vehicle standards in 40 CFR 86.1819.
    (3) Vehicles above 26,000 pounds GVWR that are not tractors.
    (4) Vocational tractors.

    (b) CO2 standards in this paragraph (b) apply based on
modeling and testing as specified in subpart F of this part. The
provisions of Sec.  1037.241 specify how to comply with these
standards. Standards differ based on engine cycle, vehicle size, and
intended vehicle duty cycle. See Sec.  1037.510(c) to determine which
duty cycle applies.
    (1) Model year 2027 and later vehicles are subject to
CO2 standards corresponding to the selected subcategories as
shown in the following table:

       Table 1 of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 2 CO2 Standards for Model Year 2027 and Later Vocational Vehicles
                                                  [g/ton-mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Engine cycle                     Vehicle size         Multi-purpose     Regional          Urban
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compression-ignition..................  Light HDV...............             330             291             367
Compression-ignition..................  Medium HDV..............             235             218             258
Compression-ignition..................  Heavy HDV...............             230             189             269
Spark-ignition........................  Light HDV...............             372             319             413
Spark-ignition........................  Medium HDV..............             268             247             297
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (2) Model year 2024 through 2026 vehicles are subject to
CO2 standards corresponding to the selected subcategories as
shown in the following table:

     Table 2 of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 2 CO2 Standards for Model Year 2024 Through 2026 Vocational Vehicles
                                                  [g/ton-mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Engine cycle                     Vehicle size         Multi-purpose     Regional          Urban
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compression-ignition..................  Light HDV...............             344             296             385
Compression-ignition..................  Medium HDV..............             246             221             271
Compression-ignition..................  Heavy HDV...............             242             194             283
Spark-ignition........................  Light HDV...............             385             324             432
Spark-ignition........................  Medium HDV..............             279             251             310
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (3) Model year 2021 Through 2023 vehicles are subject to
CO2 standards corresponding to the selected subcategories as
shown in the following table:

     Table 3 of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 2 CO2 Standards for Model Year 2021 Through 2023 Vocational Vehicles
                                                  [g/ton-mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             Engine cycle                     Vehicle size         Multi-purpose     Regional          Urban
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compression-ignition..................  Light HDV...............             373             311             424
Compression-ignition..................  Medium HDV..............             265             234             296
Compression-ignition..................  Heavy HDV...............             261             205             308
Spark-ignition........................  Light HDV...............             407             335             461
Spark-ignition........................  Medium HDV..............             293             261             328
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (4) Model year 2014 through 2020 vehicles are subject to Phase 1
CO2 standards as shown in the following table:

  Table 4 of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 1 CO2 Standards for Model Year 2014
                    Through 2020 Vocational Vehicles
                              [g/ton-mile]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                      CO2 standard for  CO2 standard for
            Vehicle size              model years 2014-  model year 2017
                                            2016            and later
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Light HDV...........................               388               373
Medium HDV..........................               234               225
Heavy HDV...........................               226               222
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (c) No CH4 or N2O standards apply under this
section. See 40 CFR part 1036 for CH4 or N2O
standards that apply to engines used in these vehicles.
    (d) You may generate or use emission credits for averaging,
banking, and trading to demonstrate compliance with the standards in
paragraph (b) of this section as described in subpart H of this part.
This requires that you specify a Family Emission Limit (FEL) for
CO2 for each vehicle subfamily. The FEL may not be less than
the result of emission modeling from Sec.  1037.520. These FELs

serve as the emission standards for the vehicle subfamily instead of
the standards specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
    (e) The exhaust emission standards of this section apply for the
full useful life, expressed in service miles or calendar years,
whichever comes first. The following useful life values apply for the
standards of this section:
    (1) 150,000 miles or 15 years, whichever comes first, for Light
HDV.
    (2) 185,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for Medium
HDV.
    (3) 435,000 miles or 10 years, whichever comes first, for Heavy
HDV.
    (f) See Sec.  1037.631 for provisions that exempt certain vehicles
used in off-road operation from the standards of this section.
    (g) You may optionally certify a vocational vehicle to the
standards and useful life applicable to a heavier vehicle service class
(such as Medium HDV instead of Light HDV). Provisions related to
generating emission credits apply as follows:
    (1) If you certify all your vehicles from a given vehicle service
class in a given model year to the standards and useful life that
applies for a heavier vehicle service class, you may generate credits
as appropriate for the heavier service class.
    (2) Class 8 hybrid vehicles with light or medium heavy-duty engines
may be certified to compression-ignition standards for the Heavy HDV
service class. You may generate and use credits as allowed for the
Heavy HDV service class.
    (3) Except as specified in paragraphs (g)(1) and (2) of this
section, you may not generate credits with the vehicle. If you include
lighter vehicles in a subfamily of heavier vehicles with an FEL below
the standard, exclude the production volume of lighter vehicles from
the credit calculation. Conversely, if you include lighter vehicles in
a subfamily with an FEL above the standard, you must include the
production volume of lighter vehicles in the credit calculation.
    (h) You may optionally certify certain vocational vehicles to
alternative Phase 2 standards as specified in this paragraph (h)
instead of the standards specified in paragraph (b) of this section.
You may apply these provisions to any qualifying vehicles even though
these standards were established for custom chassis. For example, large
diversified vehicle manufacturers may certify vehicles to the refuse
hauler standards of this section as long as the manufacturer ensures
that those vehicles qualify as refuse haulers when placed into service.
GEM simulates vehicle operation for each type of vehicle based on an
assigned vehicle service class, independent of the vehicle's actual
characteristics, as shown in Table 5 of this section; however,
standards apply for the vehicle's useful life based on its actual
characteristics as specified in paragraph (e) of this section. Vehicles
certified to these standards must include the following statement on
the emission control label: ``THIS VEHICLE WAS CERTIFIED AS A [identify
vehicle type as identified in Table 5 of this section] UNDER 40 CFR
1037.105(h)].'' These custom-chassis standards apply as follows:
    (1) The following alternative emission standards apply by vehicle
type and model year as follows:

                          Table 5 of Sec.   1037.105--Phase 2 Custom Chassis Standards
                                                  [g/ton-mile]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
               Vehicle type \1\                  Assigned vehicle service class    MY  2021-2026     MY 2027+
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
School bus....................................  Medium HDV......................             291             271
Motor home....................................  Medium HDV......................             228             226
Coach bus.....................................  Heavy HDV.......................             210             205
Other bus.....................................  Heavy HDV.......................             300             286
Refuse hauler.................................  Heavy HDV.......................             313             298
Concrete mixer................................  Heavy HDV.......................             319             316
Mixed-use vehicle.............................  Heavy HDV.......................             319             316
Emergency vehicle.............................  Heavy HDV.......................             324             319
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Vehicle types are generally defined in Sec.   1037.801. ``Other bus'' includes any bus that is not a school
  bus or a coach bus. A ``mixed-use vehicle'' is one that meets at least one of the criteria specified in Sec.
  1037.631(a)(1) and at least one of the criteria in Sec.   1037.631(a)(2), but not both.

    (2) You may generate or use emission credits for averaging to
demonstrate compliance with the alternative standards as described in
subpart H of this part. This requires that you specify a Family
Emission Limit (FEL) for CO2 for each vehicle subfamily. The
FEL may not be less than the result of emission modeling as described
in Sec.  1037.520. These FELs serve as the emission standards for the
vehicle subfamily instead of the standards specified in this paragraph
(h). Calculate credits using the equation in Sec.  1037.705(b) with the
standard payload for the assigned vehicle service class and the useful
life identified in paragraph (e) of this section. Each separate vehicle
type identified in Table 5 of this section (or group of vehicle types
identified in a single row) represents a separate averaging set. You
may not use averaging for vehicles meeting standards under paragraph
(h)(5) through (7) of this section, and you may not bank or trade
emission credits from any vehicles certified under this paragraph (h).
    (3) [Reserved]
    (4) For purposes of emission modeling under Sec.  1037.520,
consider motor homes and coach buses to be subject to the Regional duty
cycle, and consider all other vehicles to be subject to the Urban duty
cycle.
    (5) Emergency vehicles are deemed to comply with the standards of
this paragraph (h) if they use tires with TRRL at or below 8.4 kg/tonne
(8.7 g/tonne for model years 2021 through 2026).
    (6) Concrete mixers and mixed-use vehicles are deemed to comply
with the standards of this paragraph (h) if they use tires with TRRL at
or below 7.1 kg/tonne (7.6 g/tonne for model years 2021 through 2026).
    (7) Motor homes are deemed to comply with the standards of this
paragraph (h) if they have tires with TRRL at or below 6.0 kg/tonne
(6.7 g/tonne for model years 2021 through 2026) and automatic tire
inflation systems or tire pressure monitoring systems with wheels on
all axles.
    (8) Vehicles certified to standards under this paragraph (h) must
use engines certified under 40 CFR part 1036 for the appropriate model
year,

except that motor homes and emergency vehicles may use engines
certified with the loose-engine provisions of Sec.  1037.150(m). This
also applies for vehicles meeting standards under paragraphs (h)(5)
through (7) of this section.

Sec.  1037.106  Exhaust emission standards for tractors above 26,000
pounds GVWR.

    (a) The CO2 standards of this section apply for tractors
above 26,000 pounds GVWR. Note that the standards of this section do
not apply for vehicles classified as ``vocational tractors'' under
Sec.  1037.630.
    (b) The CO2 standards for tractors above 26,000 pounds
GVWR in Table 1 of this section apply based on modeling and testing as
described in subpart F of this part. The provisions of Sec.  1037.241
specify how to comply with these standards.