programmed hours of academic training if the Administrator determines
that a reduction is warranted based on the certificate holder's
operations and the complexity of the make, model, and series of the
aircraft used.
    (e) The certificate holder must have the required programmed hours
approved by the Principal Operations Inspector for initial, transition,
and recurrent academic training for flight instructors, check pilots,
check flight engineers, check flight attendants, flight attendant
instructors, and persons authorized to conduct flight attendant
proficiency checks.

Sec.  121.1337  Training program: Approval and amendment process.

    (a) Each training program described in this subpart must be
approved by the Administrator. To obtain initial or final approval of a
training program, or to request a revision to an approved training
program, each certificate holder must provide the Administrator the
following information in a form acceptable to the Administrator:
    (1) An outline of the proposed program or revision, including an
outline of the proposed or revised curriculum required in Sec.
121.1333, that provides all of the information needed for a preliminary
evaluation of the proposed training program or revised training
program.
    (2) Curricula, categories of training, and segments of training
applicable for use by the certificate holder as required by this
subpart.
    (3) The number of academic and job performance instructors trained
and qualified in accordance with this subpart to provide the approved
training and evaluation.
    (4) The number of check pilots, check flight engineers, and check
flight attendants, trained and qualified in accordance with this
subpart to conduct the required evaluations.
    (5) A list of the FSTD that are to be used in the training program.
    (6) A list of training equipment, other than FSTD, that is to be
used in the training program.
    (7) A description of the academic and job performance training
facilities.
    (8) A synopsis of the materials, examinations, forms, instructions,
and procedures to be used for the training and evaluation required by
this subpart with respect to each aircraft type, and if applicable, the
particular variations within that aircraft type.
    (9) A statement as to whether training will be provided by persons
other than the part 119 certificate holder's employees in accordance
with Sec.  121.1339.
    (10) A copy of the Flight Crew Operating Manual and Flight
Attendant Operating Manual for each aircraft type to be included in the
training program. The Flight Crew Operating Manual and Flight Attendant
Operating Manual must be current at the time of submission. Amendments
must be made as required.
    (11) A copy of the current manual required by Sec.  121.133 as
outlined in Sec.  121.135.
    (12) Additional relevant information requested by the
Administrator.
    (b) If the proposed training program or proposed revision complies
with this subpart, the Administrator grants initial approval in
writing, after which the certificate holder may conduct the training
and evaluation in accordance with that program. The Administrator then
evaluates the effectiveness of the initially approved training program
and advises the certificate holder of any deficiencies that must be
corrected.
    (c) A revision to an approved training program may be proposed as a
special training category that reflects changes to

the certificate holder's operation, or as a differences training
category that reflects differences in configuration within an aircraft
type.
    (1) The proposed special training category will include modules of
training and evaluation for training segments within existing training
categories. These modules will be initially approved and evaluated.
Upon satisfactory evaluation, the special training category modules
will receive final approval and be integrated into the training
segments of the existing training categories. Once integrated, it will
no longer be called a special training category, but will be part of
the approved training program. The Principal Operations Inspector will
determine the number of programmed hours.
    (2) The proposed differences training category will include modules
of training and evaluation for applicable segments of training. These
modules will be initially approved, evaluated and upon satisfactory
evaluation, added to the previously approved differences training. The
Principal Operations Inspector will determine the number of programmed
hours.
    (d) The Administrator grants final approval of a training program
if the certificate holder shows that the training and evaluation
conducted under the initial approval obtained under paragraph (b) of
this section ensures that each person who completes the training and
evaluation is adequately trained to perform his or her assigned duties.
    (e) The Administrator may require revisions to an approved training
program anytime the FAA finds that revisions are necessary in the
interest of safety or security. If the FAA finds that revisions are
necessary for the continued adequacy of a training program that has
been granted initial or final approval, the certificate holder must,
after notification by the FAA, make all changes in the program that the
FAA finds necessary.
    (1) Within 30 days after the certificate holder receives a notice
to revise the program, it may file a petition with the Director of
Flight Standards to reconsider the notice. The filing of a petition to
reconsider stays the notice pending a decision by the Director of
Flight Standards.
    (2) If the FAA finds that there is an emergency that requires
immediate action in the interest of safety or security, the FAA may,
upon a statement of the reasons, require a change effective without
stay.
    (f) The Administrator considers the following factors in approving
revisions or requiring revisions to a training program:
    (1) The pass and fail rate in the curriculum under consideration.
    (2) The quality and effectiveness of the teaching-learning process
(e.g., quality of instructors, training equipment, methods, and
procedures listed in the certificate holder's curriculum required by
Sec.  121.1333).
    (3) The experience levels of the student population.
    (4) The experience levels of the instructors and check persons.
    (5) The type and scope of operations conducted by the certificate
holder.
    (6) The complexity of make, model, and series of aircraft used.

Sec.  121.1339  Training program: Special rules.

    A certificate holder may contract with, or otherwise arrange to use
the services of, another certificate holder certificated under part 119
of this chapter or a training center certificated under part 142 of
this chapter as allowed by this subpart if all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
    (a) The curriculum, categories of training, segments, modules,
lessons, programmed hours, manuals, and checklists are approved by the
Administrator of the certificate holder seeking training services in
accordance with this subpart.
    (b) The facilities, personnel, FSTD, other training equipment, and
courseware meet the applicable requirements of this subpart.
    (c) The instructors and check persons selected by the certificate
holder must meet the following criteria:
    (1) Qualified under this subpart.
    (2) Approved by the Administrator for specific training and
evaluation duties.

Sec.  121.1341  Training program: Administering training, evaluation,
and operating experience.

    (a) No certificate holder may use a person to administer, nor may
any person administer, training, evaluation, or operating experience,
except:
    (1) In accordance with this section; or
    (2) If applicable, as provided in the initial cadre requirements of
Sec. Sec.  121.1257 and 121.1323.
    (b) Persons who administer academic or job performance training
must be knowledgeable in the facilities, equipment, and procedures.
    (c) Persons who administer academic training, job performance
training, or evaluation must use only the equipment and the facilities
that are specifically approved for the certificate holder's training
program.
    (d) Training and evaluation for crewmembers must be administered as
follows:
    (1) In accordance with this subpart, including the appropriate QPS.
    (2) In accordance with the approved training program.
    (e) Operating experience for crewmembers and observation of check
pilots, check flight engineers, check flight attendants, and aircrew
program designees must be administered as follows:
    (1) In accordance with this subpart, including the appropriate QPS.
    (2) In accordance with the approved training program.
    (f) Training and evaluation activities must be administered by the
persons listed in the appropriate QPS.
    (g) For flight crewmembers, the certificate holder must maintain a
record of failures of proficiency tests, proficiency checks, and
proficiency reviews. This record must be maintained for a period of 2
years.
    (h) Credit will not be given for any training, evaluation,
observation, or supervision activities when the certificate holder--
    (1) Uses facilities, equipment, and materials that are not
specifically approved for that activity as part of the certificate
holder's approved training program; or
    (2) Uses persons to administer the activity who are not authorized
in accordance with the applicable crewmember QPS or who do not meet the
requirements of this subpart.
    (i) A person will not be given credit for completing a proficiency
test or proficiency check if the person did not complete all required
portions of the training curriculum before taking the proficiency test
or proficiency check.

Sec.  121.1343  Training program: Knowledge and comprehension
assessment.

    (a) The certificate holder must develop a knowledge and
comprehension assessment program that is approved by the Administrator
as part of the approved training program. The knowledge and
comprehension assessment program must include development and
maintenance of the examination, methods to establish the validity of
the examination, required student remediation, and adjustment of
instruction when required.
    (b) The QPS provides job tasks and related areas of required
instruction. Each area of instruction is provided with subjects that
must be trained and evaluated. A knowledge and comprehension assessment
examination must include the minimum number of questions indicated in
the QPS for each

subject. Students must achieve a performance of 100% in each area of
instruction. Student performance of at least 80% in an area of
instruction must be corrected to 100%, but the student is not required
to undergo retraining and reevaluation. Student performance below 80%
in an area of instruction must be corrected to 100% after the student
is retrained and reevaluated in each area of instruction where the
student missed one or more questions.
    (c) An examination question repository must be developed to include
a minimum number of questions for each subject, as required by the QPS.
    (d) The certificate holder must use the repository to create tests
that allow random selection of questions from which alternative
examinations will be created.
    (e) The certificate holder must ensure that each student receives a
different test each time the student is tested on an area of
instruction.

Sec.  121.1345  Training program: Mandatory use of flight simulation
training devices.

    (a) All flight training and evaluation must be completed in FSTD
approved by the Administrator in accordance with the applicable Pilot
or Flight Engineer QPS. No credit will be given in the QPS for training
and evaluation conducted in an aircraft.
    (b) A certificate holder may request a deviation from paragraph (a)
of this section to conduct training and evaluation activities in an
aircraft only if one of the following applies:
    (1) The certificate holder has an approved program or has submitted
a training program for review and approval prior to [date 120 days
after publication of final rule]. The certificate holder must request
the deviation no later than [date 40 months after the publication date
of the final rule].
    (2) The certificate holder requests the deviation as part of a
request for approval of an initial cadre program. If approved, the
deviation will become effective at the same time as the initial cadre
program.
    (c) Deviation requests must be submitted to the FAA for review and
approval, and must include:
    (1) The number of FSTD training hours the certificate holder's
flight crewmembers would need to meet the training requirements in this
part.
    (2) An FSTD availability assessment, including hours by specific
FSTD and location of the FSTD.
    (3) An FSTD shortfall analysis that includes the tasks and
environments that cannot be completed in an FSTD qualified at the level
specified in the applicable QPS.
    (4) Proposed alternative means to address the shortfall in task and
environment training and evaluation. The requester must identify the
tasks and environments the requester believes:
    (i) Can be completed in an FSTD qualified at a lower level than
that specified in the applicable QPS.
    (ii) Can be completed in the aircraft.
    (5) An alternative training program for using the airplane instead
of an FSTD or using an airplane in combination with an FSTD, including
methods of achieving an acceptable level of safety.
    (d) A certificate holder may request an extension of a deviation
issued under this section.
    (e) Deviations or extensions to deviations will be issued for a
period not to exceed 12 months.

Sec.  121.1347  Training program: Qualification and approval of flight
simulation training devices.

    (a) Each aircraft flight simulation training device used in an
approved training program required under this part must be evaluated,
qualified, and maintained in accordance with part 60 of this chapter
and approved by the Administrator for training or evaluating tasks
required by the applicable QPS.
    (b) The qualification level of the FSTD required to be used by an
applicant to demonstrate flight crewmember task proficiency is
specified in the applicable QPS.
    (c) The level of FSTD that may be used for initial training and
evaluation is dependent on the pilot's experience requirements as
specified in the Pilot QPS.

Sec.  121.1349  Training program: Limitations on the use of flight
simulation training devices.

    (a) An FSTD may not be used for credit for the following:
    (1) The pilot-in-command line check required by Sec.  121.1233.
    (2) Exterior preflight checks.
    (3) The pilot and flight engineer operating experience required by
Sec.  121.1225.
    (4) Consolidation required by Sec.  121.1227.
    (b) To receive credit for training and evaluation of required tasks
and LOFT, the flight crewmember must complete these activities in FSTD
that are approved for those tasks and LOFT as part of the certificate
holder's training program.

Sec.  121.1351  Training program: Training equipment other than flight
simulation training devices.

    Training equipment, other than FSTD qualified under part 60 of this
chapter, used in an approved training program required under this part
must be approved and used in accordance with the following:
    (a) The FAA must approve training equipment used to functionally
replicate aircraft equipment or furnishings for the certificate holder
and the crewmember duty or procedure involved.
    (b) The certificate holder must demonstrate that the training
equipment meets all of the following:
    (1) The form, fit, function, and weight, as appropriate, of the
equipment as installed in the aircraft, including all equipment and
furnishings that may affect the operation of that equipment.
    (2) Normal operation (and abnormal and emergency operation, if
appropriate) including the following:
    (i) The required force and travel of the equipment.
    (ii) Variations in equipment operated by the certificate holder, if
applicable.
    (3) Operation of the equipment under adverse conditions, if
appropriate.
    (c) Training equipment must be modified to ensure that it maintains
the performance and function of the aircraft type or aircraft equipment
replicated.
    (d) All training equipment must have a discrepancy log in close
proximity. The discrepancy log must be readily available for review by
each instructor or check person prior to conducting training or
evaluation with that equipment.
    (1) Each instructor or check person conducting training or
evaluation, and each person conducting an inspection of the equipment
who discovers a discrepancy, including any missing, malfunctioning, or
inoperative components, must write or cause to be written a description
of that discrepancy into the discrepancy log at the end of the
inspection or the training session.
    (2) All corrections to discrepancies must be recorded when the
corrections are made, and the dates of the discrepancies and
corrections must be recorded.
    (3) A discrepancy log must be maintained for at least 60 days.
    (e) No person may use, allow the use of, or offer the use of
training equipment with a missing, malfunctioning, or inoperative
component to meet the crewmember training or evaluation requirements of
this chapter for tasks that require the use of the correctly operating
component.

Sec.  121.1353  Training program: Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)
and Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) Course of Instruction.

    (a) Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT). Qualification and
recurrent

LOFT must meet the following requirements:
    (1) The LOFT must be administered by a pilot flight instructor or a
check pilot qualified in accordance with this subpart. A flight
engineer flight instructor or a check flight engineer may assist the
pilot flight instructor or check pilot.
    (2) LOFT must be accomplished in an FFS that is qualified in
accordance with part 60 of this chapter and that has the qualification
level specified in the applicable QPS.
    (3) Each LOFT must include at least two operating cycles. Each
cycle must be representative of the certificate holder's operation.
    (4) LOFT must be conducted with a complete flight crew, with each
duty position filled by a person who is qualified or in student status
to serve in that duty position.
    (5) LOFT must be conducted as a line operation without interruption
by the instructor during the session, except for a non-disruptive
acceleration of uneventful en route segments.
    (6) Any person serving in a flight crewmember position during a
LOFT who does not perform satisfactorily, may not serve as a required
crewmember in operations under this part without receiving training to
correct the deficiencies and demonstrating that the deficiencies have
been corrected. The training must occur during a separate training
session.
    (7) The LOFT must include at least 4 hours of training. For pilots,
2 hours of the training must be with the pilot flying and 2 hours of
the training must be with the pilot monitoring, plus briefing(s) before
or after the training.
    (b) Flight Simulation Training Device (FSTD) Course of Instruction.
    (1) An FSTD course of instruction must be administered by a pilot
flight instructor or a check pilot qualified in accordance with this
subpart. A flight engineer flight instructor or a check flight engineer
may assist the pilot flight instructor or check pilot.
    (2) An FSTD course of instruction must be accomplished in an FFS or
FTD that is qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter and
that has the qualification level specified in the applicable QPS.
    (3) An FSTD course of instruction must be conducted with a complete
flight crew, with each duty position filled by a person who is
qualified or in student status to serve in that duty position.
    (4) Any person serving in a flight crewmember position during an
FSTD course of instruction who does not perform satisfactorily, may not
serve as a required crewmember in operations under this part without
receiving training to correct the deficiencies and demonstrating that
the deficiencies have been corrected. The training must occur during a
separate training session.
    (5) An FSTD course of instruction must provide an opportunity to
practice the tasks and operate in the environments addressed in the
pilot QPS, and to demonstrate or practice tasks identified as areas of
concern related to fleet operations, route structure, environmental
conditions, aircraft type operations, or other circumstances.
    (6) An FSTD course of instruction must include at least 4 hours of
training. For pilots, 2 hours of the training must be with the pilot
flying and 2 hours of the training must be with the pilot monitoring,
plus briefing(s) before or after the training.

Sec.  121.1355  Training program: Continuous analysis process.

    (a) Each certificate holder must establish and maintain a process
for the continuous analysis of the performance and effectiveness of its
training program and operation that will allow the certificate holder
the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. This
process must:
    (1) Incorporate procedures to ensure that the training program and
the standards of qualification for each duty position are documented,
and provide a means for updating as changes are required.
    (2) Provide for the review of training program content,
application, and results through semiannual standardization meetings
for each aircraft type.
    (3) Continually measure and monitor the outcome of the training
program in terms of crewmember's performance and qualification, and
provide a means to identify and correct deficiencies in the crewmember
performance and qualification and in the training program and
operation. Procedures must include correction of deficiencies by the
certificate holder(s) or by persons providing training and evaluation
in the certificate holder's training program and operation.
    (b) The FAA will notify the certificate holder in writing when it
finds that the continuous analysis process described in paragraph (a)
of this section does not contain adequate procedures and standards to
meet the requirements of this section. The certificate holder must make
any changes that are necessary to meet the requirements of this
section.
    (c) A certificate holder may petition the FAA to reconsider the
notice to make a change to the continuous analysis process. The
petition must be filed with the FAA certificate holding district office
charged with the overall inspection of the certificate holder's
operations within 30 days after the certificate holder receives the
notice. Except in the case of an emergency requiring immediate action
in the interest of safety, the filing of the petition stays the notice
pending a decision by the FAA.

Training Category Requirements

Sec.  121.1361  Training category requirements: Standards used in
academic and job performance training segments.

    The certificate holder must include the training, evaluation, and
qualification requirements set forth in the applicable QPS for academic
and job performance training segments.

Sec.  121.1363  Training category requirements: Crewmember new hire.

    (a) Each training program must include new hire training for all of
the following:
    (1) Each person who is qualifying for the first time as a pilot or
flight engineer for the certificate holder.
    (2) Each person who is qualifying for the first time as flight
attendant for the certificate holder.
    (3) Each person who is required to complete Flight Attendant Phase
III Requalification training in accordance with Sec.  121.1309(c) and
the Flight Attendant QPS.
    (b) The content of the new hire training category must include the
following:
    (1) The subjects required in the applicable QPS.
    (2) A knowledge and comprehension assessment of the new hire
training subjects administered in accordance with the applicable QPS.

Sec.  121.1365  Training category requirements: Pilot and flight
engineer initial, conversion, transition, and upgrade, academic and job
performance training.

    (a) Academic training. Initial, conversion, transition, and upgrade
academic training segments for flight crewmember must include training
in all of the subjects specified in the applicable QPS for a flight
crewmember's assigned duties.
    (b) Job performance training. Initial, conversion, transition, and
upgrade job performance training segments for pilots and flight
engineers must include all of the following:
    (1) Training and evaluation in the tasks and environments set forth
in the applicable QPS. Following training, the pilot or flight engineer
must

demonstrate the knowledge and skills required for the aircraft type and
duty position. The demonstration must be accomplished by a proficiency
test that also may be used for airman certification or type rating.
This proficiency test must be conducted by a check pilot, a check
flight engineer, a pilot APD, or a flight engineer APD, as appropriate,
who is an employee of the certificate holder and who is a line
qualified pilot or line qualified flight engineer, as appropriate, for
the certificate holder.
    (2) Qualification LOFT is conducted after a person completes the
proficiency test at the end of initial, conversion, transition, or
upgrade training. Qualification LOFT must meet the requirements of
Sec.  121.1353 and must contain at least two operating cycles with
routes and airports approved by the Principal Operations Inspector.
These cycles must meet the following requirements:
    (i) One cycle contains normal line operations and the other cycle
contains abnormal, non-normal, and emergency flight operations.
    (ii) The pilot in command and second in command share pilot flying
and pilot monitoring duties during each cycle.
    (c) A pilot or flight engineer is qualified after completing the
proficiency test prescribed in paragraph (b)(1) of this section and the
Qualification LOFT.

Sec.  121.1367  Training category requirements: Pilot and flight
engineer recurrent academic, recurrent job performance, and recurrent
aircraft emergency equipment training.

    (a) Each recurrent academic training module must include:
    (1) Training in the subjects prescribed in the applicable QPS for
the training category last completed.
    (2) A knowledge and comprehension assessment of the flight
crewmember's knowledge of the subjects in which training has occurred.
    (b) Each recurrent job performance training module must include at
least 8 hours for pilots, and at least 4 hours for flight engineers, of
job performance training in the tasks and environments, and at the
intervals specified in the applicable QPS. The FSTD used must be
qualified in accordance with part 60 of this chapter and approved at
the level required by the applicable QPS. This job performance training
must:
    (1) Include a recurrent LOFT or an FSTD course of instruction as
prescribed in Sec.  121.1353 addressing the applicable tasks and
environments in accordance with the applicable QPS. The first recurrent
job performance training module following the proficiency test required
by Sec.  121.1365(b)(1) must include a recurrent LOFT. Subsequent 9-
month recurrent job performance training modules may include either a
recurrent LOFT or an FSTD course of instruction. After the second
recurrent job performance training module, neither the recurrent LOFT
nor the FSTD course of instruction may be repeated in 2 successive 9-
month recurrent job performance training modules.
    (2) Include a proficiency test, a proficiency check, or a
proficiency review addressing the applicable tasks and environments in
accordance with the applicable QPS. The first recurrent job performance
training module following the proficiency test required by Sec.
121.1365(b)(1) must include a proficiency test. Subsequent 9-month
recurrent job performance training modules may include a proficiency
test, a proficiency check, or a proficiency review. After the second
job performance training module, a proficiency review may not be
repeated in 2 successive 9-month recurrent job performance training
modules.
    (3) Be conducted with a complete flight crew. Each person assigned
a duty position in the FSTD must be qualified to serve in that duty
position in the aircraft.
    (c) Each recurrent aircraft emergency equipment training drill must
be completed once every 36 months.

Sec.  121.1369  Training category requirements: Flight attendant
initial and transition training.

    Initial and transition training for flight attendants must include
all of the following:
    (a) Training in the subjects and tasks specified in the Flight
Attendant QPS.
    (b) A test of the flight attendant's knowledge with respect to the
aircraft and crewmember duty position.
    (c) Practice in the performance of specific tasks in accordance
with the Flight Attendant QPS to determine ability to perform assigned
duties and responsibilities for each aircraft type on which the flight
attendant is to serve.
    (d) For newly hired flight attendants, the initial training
required by this section may not begin until the new hire training
required by Sec.  121.1363 is complete.

Sec.  121.1371  Training category requirements: Flight attendant
eligibility for transition training.

    No person is eligible for flight attendant transition training
unless that person has been qualified for at least 180 days and served
in the previous 180 days on an aircraft as a flight attendant for that
certificate holder.

Sec.  121. 1373  Training category requirements: Flight attendant
emergency training.

    Each emergency training program given after new hire training and
initial training must include the following:
    (a) The emergency training requirements as specified in the Flight
Attendant QPS with respect to each aircraft type, model, and
configuration, and each kind of operation conducted by the certificate
holder.
    (b) A test of the flight attendant's knowledge with respect to the
aircraft type and crewmember duty position involved.
    (c) Completion of proficiency tests to determine the flight
attendant's ability to perform assigned duties and responsibilities for
each aircraft type on which the flight attendant is to serve.

Sec.  121.1375  Training category requirements: Flight attendant
recurrent training.

    Recurrent training for flight attendants must include the
following:
    (a) Training in the subjects and tasks specified in the Flight
Attendant QPS.
    (b) A test of the flight attendant's knowledge with respect to the
aircraft type and crewmember duty position involved.
    (c) Completion of proficiency tests in accordance with the Flight
Attendant QPS to determine the flight attendant's ability to perform
assigned duties and responsibilities for each aircraft type on which
the flight attendant is to serve.

Sec.  121.1377  Training category requirements: Flight instructor
initial, transition, and recurrent academic training.

    (a) Initial flight instructor academic training. A 4-hour block of
instruction that includes the following:
    (1) Training policies and procedures.
    (2) Flight instructor duties, functions, and responsibilities.
    (3) Appropriate provisions of the regulations of this chapter and
the certificate holder's policies and procedures.
    (4) The appropriate methods, procedures, and techniques for
conducting flight instruction.
    (5) Proper evaluation of student performance including the
detection of the following:
    (i) Improper or insufficient training.
    (ii) Student behaviors that could adversely affect safety.
    (6) The corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory training
progress.
    (7) The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for
instructing in the required standard

operating procedures, abnormal procedures, non-normal procedures, and
emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft.
    (8) Except for holders of a flight instructor certificate, the
following:
    (i) The fundamental principles of the teaching-learning process.
    (ii) Teaching methods and procedures.
    (iii) The instructor-student relationship.
    (9) Use of FSTD for training and evaluation.
    (i) Operation of FSTD controls.
    (ii) FSTD limitations.
    (iii) Minimum FSTD equipment required for each task and
environment.
    (b) Transition flight instructor academic training. Transition
academic training for flight instructors must include the approved
methods, procedures, and limitations for instructing in the required
standard operating procedures, abnormal procedures, non-normal
procedures, and emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft to
which the flight instructor is transitioning.
    (c) Recurrent flight instructor academic training. The recurrent
flight instructor academic training must be a 4-hour block of
instruction completed every 18 months and must include the following:
    (1) The subjects required in paragraph (a) of this section, if
applicable.
    (2) FSTD operations, limitations, and minimum required equipment.
    (3) Changes in crewmember qualification curricula.

Sec.  121.1379  Training category requirements: Flight instructor
initial and transition job performance training.

    Initial and transition job performance training for flight
instructors must include training to ensure competence in conducting
flight instruction as required by this part and the applicable QPS.
    (a) For pilot flight instructors, the methods for conducting the
required training from either pilot seat and the instructor's operating
station (IOS), as well as the operation of the FSTD from the IOS or
either pilot seat if the FSTD is so equipped.
    (b) For flight engineer flight instructors, the methods for
conducting the required training from the IOS, as well as the operation
of the FSTD from the IOS.

Sec.  121.1381  Training category requirements: Check pilot, check
flight engineer, or check flight attendant initial, transition, and
recurrent academic training.

    (a) The initial academic training for check pilots, check flight
engineers, or check flight attendants must include the following:
    (1) Evaluation policies and procedures.
    (2) Check pilot, check flight engineer, or check flight attendant
duties, functions, and responsibilities, as applicable.
    (3) The applicable regulations of this chapter and the certificate
holder's policies and procedures.
    (4) The appropriate methods, procedures, and techniques for
conducting the required evaluations.
    (5) Proper evaluation of student performance including the
detection of:
    (i) Improper or insufficient training; and
    (ii) Student behaviors that could adversely affect safety.
    (6) The appropriate action in the case of unsatisfactory
performance.
    (7) The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for
performing the required standard operating procedures, abnormal
procedures, non-normal procedures, and emergency procedures applicable
to the aircraft type.
    (8) FSTD and other training equipment, as applicable, operations,
limitations, and minimum equipment required for tasks and environments.
    (b) The transition academic training for check pilots, check flight
engineers, or check flight attendants must include approved methods,
procedures, and limitations for performing the required standard
operating procedures, abnormal procedures, non-normal procedures, and
emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft type to which the check
person is transitioning.
    (c) The recurrent academic training for check pilots and check
flight engineers must be completed every 18 months. The recurrent
academic training for check flight attendants must be completed every
12 months. The recurrent academic training for check pilots, check
flight engineers, and check flight attendants must include the
following:
    (1) The subjects required in paragraph (a) of this section, as
applicable.
    (2) FSTD and other training equipment, as applicable, operations,
limitations, and minimum equipment required for tasks and environments.
    (3) Changes in crewmember qualification curricula.

Sec.  121.1383  Training category requirements: Check pilot and check
flight engineer initial, transition, and recurrent job performance
training.

    Initial, transition, and recurrent job performance training for
check pilots and check flight engineers must include the following:
    (a) Training to ensure competence in conducting job performance
evaluation in each of the tasks specified in the applicable QPS.
    (b) Each check pilot must have completed the following:
    (1) The requirements for qualification and training for flight
instructors described in Sec.  121.1379(a).
    (2) Training on the methods for conducting required evaluations in
an FSTD, including conducting the evaluation from either pilot seat and
from the IOS, as well as operation of the FSTD from the IOS or either
pilot seat if the FSTD is so equipped.
    (c) Check pilots authorized to conduct operating experience or line
checks, must do the following in an FSTD:
    (1) Learn the safety measures to be taken from either pilot seat
for emergency situations that are likely to develop during flight
operations.
    (2) Learn the potential consequences of improper, untimely or
unexecuted safety measures during flight operations.
    (3) Complete the seat dependent task training described in the QPS.
    (d) Each check flight engineer must have been trained on the
methods for conducting the flight engineer evaluation described in
paragraph (a) of this section in an FSTD from either the IOS or a
flight engineer operating station if the FSTD is so equipped.

Sec.  121.1385  Qualification requirements: Check pilots authorized to
conduct line checks.

    Prior to authorizing a person to become a check pilot authorized to
conduct line checks from one of the pilot operating seats, the person
must, initially, and thereafter once each 24 months, complete the
following qualification requirements:
    (a) At least two operating cycles in the aircraft during line
operations, one operating cycle in each pilot seat, under the
supervision of a check pilot authorized to conduct operating experience
and line checks, who must occupy the opposite pilot seat.
    (b) At least one operating cycle in the aircraft during line
operations under the supervision of an FAA inspector or an APD
designated to conduct the observation of a check pilot conducting PIC
line checks.

Sec.  121.1387  Training category requirements: Initial, transition,
and recurrent academic training for persons authorized to administer
flight attendant proficiency tests.

    (a) Initial academic training instruction for persons authorized to
administer flight attendant proficiency tests must include the
following:
    (1) Training policies and procedures.

    (2) Duties, functions, and responsibilities of persons authorized
to administer flight attendant proficiency tests.
    (3) The applicable regulations of this chapter and the certificate
holder's policies and procedures.
    (4) The appropriate methods, procedures, and techniques for
conducting the required checks.
    (5) Proper evaluation of student performance including the
detection of--
    (i) Improper and insufficient training; and
    (ii) Student behaviors that could adversely affect safety.
    (6) The appropriate corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory
tests.
    (7) The approved methods, procedures, and limitations for
instructing and evaluating in the required normal, abnormal, and
emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft.
    (8) Simulator and trainer operations, limitations, and minimum
required equipment, as appropriate.
    (b) Transition academic training instruction for persons authorized
to administer flight attendant proficiency tests must include approved
methods, procedures, and limitations for evaluating the required
normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures applicable to the aircraft
to which the person authorized to conduct proficiency tests is in
transition.
    (c) The recurrent academic training for persons authorized to
administer proficiency tests must be completed every 12 months.
Recurrent academic training instruction for persons authorized to
administer proficiency tests must include the following:
    (1) The subjects, as necessary, required in paragraph (a) of this
section.
    (2) Simulator and trainer operations, limitations, and minimum
required equipment, as appropriate.
    (3) Changes in crewmember qualification curricula.

Other Training Requirements

Sec.  121.1391  Differences training and evaluation.

    (a) A difference category of training must be included in each
curriculum when the Administrator finds that differences between
aircraft of the same type operated by the certificate holder
necessitate additional training, evaluation, or both to ensure that
each crewmember is adequately trained to perform their assigned duties.
    (b) A certificate holder must consider the differences between two
or more aircraft of the same type and report such differences to the
Administrator with recommendations for the training needed to provide
for these differences.
    (c) Differences training and evaluation for all variations of a
particular aircraft type must be included in paragraph (c)(1) or (c)(2)
of this section as follows:
    (1) Initial, transition, conversion, upgrade, and recurrent
training categories for the aircraft, and flight attendant emergency
training curricula for the aircraft if applicable.
    (2) Academic and job performance training segments as required for
each differences training category.
    (d) Differences training and evaluation for crewmembers must
consist of at least the following as applicable to their assigned
duties and responsibilities:
    (1) Each appropriate subject or task required for the academic
training segment for the aircraft unless the Administrator finds that
particular subjects are not necessary.
    (2) Each appropriate maneuver or procedure required for the job
performance training segment for the aircraft unless the Administrator
finds that particular maneuvers or procedures are not necessary.
    (3) The number of programmed hours of academic and job performance
training and evaluation determined by the Administrator to be necessary
for the aircraft, the operation, and the duty position. The programmed
hours required for differences training and evaluation are in addition
to other required programmed hours.
    29. Add subpart CC of part 121 to read as follows:
Subpart CC--Aircraft Dispatcher Qualifications

General

Sec.
121.1401 Applicability.
121.1402 Interim requirements for training programs transitioning
from the requirements of subparts N and O.
121.1403 Certificate holder responsibility for compliance with this
subpart.
121.1405 Definitions.
121.1407 English language requirement.
121.1409 Acceptable time for completing recurrent requirements.

Qualification

121.1411 Aircraft dispatcher: Employment and certificate.
121.1413 Aircraft dispatcher: Training and evaluation.
121.1415 Aircraft dispatcher: Operating familiarization.
121.1417 Aircraft dispatcher: Supervised operating experience.
121.1419 Aircraft dispatcher: Requalification.
121.1421 Dispatcher instructor and check dispatcher: Eligibility,
training, and evaluation.
121.1423 Dispatch program designee: Eligibility and qualification.
121.1425 Check dispatcher: Initial cadre.

General Training Program Requirements

121.1431 Training program: General.
121.1433 Training program: General curriculum by aircraft type and
operation.
121.1435 Training program: Curriculum programmed hours.
121.1437 Training program: Approval and amendment process.
121.1439 Training program: Administering training and evaluation.
121.1441 Training program: Continuous analysis process.

Training Category Requirements

121.1451 Training category requirements: Standards used in aircraft
dispatcher training.
121.1453 Training category requirements: Aircraft dispatcher
initial, combined certification and initial, and transition
training.
121.1455 Training category requirements: Aircraft dispatcher
recurrent training.
121.1457 Training category requirements: Dispatcher instructor
initial and recurrent training.
121.1459 Training category requirements: Check dispatcher initial
and recurrent training.

Other Training Requirements

121.1471 Differences training and evaluation.

Subpart CC--Aircraft Dispatcher Qualifications

General

Sec.  121.1401  Applicability.

    (a) This subpart provides the following:
    (1) Qualification requirements for aircraft dispatchers for
certificate holders conducting domestic or flag operations.
    (2) Requirements applicable to each certificate holder for
establishing, obtaining approval of, and maintaining a training program
to qualify certificated aircraft dispatchers and an optional program to
certificate aircraft dispatcher candidates.
    (b) Any person qualified in a duty position for the certificate
holder before [date 120 days after publication of the final rule] or
under the provisions of subparts N and O of this part in effect on or
before [date 119 days after publication of the final rule] may continue
to serve in that duty position for that certificate holder without
complying with initial training under Sec.  121.1453.

Sec.  121.1402  Interim requirements for training programs
transitioning from the requirements of subparts N and O.

    (a) Contrary provisions of this subpart notwithstanding, a person
who has submitted a training program for approval before [date 120 days
after publication of the final rule] that was constructed in accordance
with the applicable provisions of subparts N and P of this part in
effect on or before [date 119 days after publication of the final
rule], may complete the approval and implementation process and conduct
operations in compliance with the applicable provisions of subparts N
and P of this part instead of the provisions of this subpart.
    (b) A certificate holder must submit a transition plan to the FAA
no later than [date 4 years and 120 days after publication of the final
rule]. The transition plan must include the following:
    (1) Subpart CC training program(s), as applicable;
    (2) Plan for transition for crewmembers and aircraft dispatchers
from the applicable provisions of subparts N and P of this part to the
provisions of this subpart; and
    (3) A transition completion date that is before [date 5 years and
120 days after the publication of the final rule].
    (c) During the transition, the certificate holder may use people to
conduct operations under this part provided those people are trained
under the applicable provisions of subparts N and P of this part, or
this subpart. While a certificate holder may simultaneously operate
training programs in compliance with the applicable provisions of
subparts N and P of this part and this subpart, each aircraft
dispatcher must be trained and qualified.
    (d) A certificate holder may not use an aircraft dispatcher, nor
may an aircraft dispatcher serve, in a duty position unless that person
is current and qualified to perform the duties to which he or she is
assigned. If more than one aircraft dispatcher is required for an
operation, and one aircraft dispatcher is current and qualified in
accordance with the applicable provisions of subparts N and P of this
part, and the other aircraft dispatcher is current and qualified in
accordance with this subpart, then the lesser operating requirements
apply for that operation.

Sec.  121.1403  Certificate holder responsibility for compliance with
this subpart.

    (a) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that its
approved training program, including all portions of the training
program that are conducted by individuals other than employees of the
part 119 certificate holder, meets the requirements of this subpart.
    (b) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that all
procedures, manuals, and other materials submitted to obtain initial or
final approval of a training program are kept up to date and followed.

Sec.  121.1405  Definitions.

    For the purpose of this subpart, the following terms and their
definitions apply:
    Base month. The month in which a recurrent activity is due.
    Categories of training or training categories. Within a curriculum,
categories of training relate to aircraft dispatcher certification
requirements, first time qualification for a certificate holder,
configuration differences within aircraft type or series, maintaining
and regaining qualification, and to changes in operations. Categories
include: initial, combined certification and initial, recurrent,
requalification, transition, special, and differences.
    (1) Initial training. A category of training that must be
successfully completed to qualify an aircraft dispatcher to serve as an
aircraft dispatcher for a certificate holder in operations under this
part.
    (2) Combined Certification and Initial training. An optional
category specifically approved under part 121 that integrates an
approved certificate holder's initial training category with part 65
requirements. The category allows for both the issuance of an aircraft
dispatcher certificate and qualification of the individual to serve as
an aircraft dispatcher for the certificate holder. The aircraft
dispatcher's certificate is issued under 14 CFR part 65, not part 121.
    (3) Recurrent training. A category of training that must be
successfully completed within the eligibility period to maintain
aircraft dispatcher qualification.
    (4) Requalification training. A category of training that must be
successfully completed to restore qualified status to an aircraft
dispatcher previously qualified for the certificate holder when
qualification is lost due to failure to meet recurrent training
requirements.
    (5) Transition training. A category of training to be completed by
an aircraft dispatcher who is presently qualified on an aircraft type
in operations under this part for the certificate holder to allow that
aircraft dispatcher to serve as an aircraft dispatcher for a different
aircraft type.
    (6) Special training. A category of training necessary to address
changes to the certificate holder's operations or to correct
deficiencies identified by the certificate holder's continuous analysis
process. Special training is temporary and is integrated into the
approved training program.
    (7) Differences training. A category of training on a particular
aircraft type and operation when the Administrator finds additional
training is necessary before that aircraft dispatcher serves in the
same capacity on a particular variation within a series of an aircraft
type or a different series within an aircraft type.
    Certificate holder. A person certificated under part 119 of this
chapter that conducts operations under part 121.
    Combined certification and initial training. See definition of
Category of Training.
    Current. Current means satisfying the initial training and
evaluation requirements prescribed in Sec.  121.1453 or the recurrent
training and evaluation requirements prescribed in Sec.  121.1455, as
applicable.
    Curriculum. A curriculum is the training agenda to qualify a person
for an aircraft dispatcher duty position or a training or evaluation
duty position for an aircraft type or operation. The curriculum for
each duty position includes categories of training.
    Differences training. See definition of Category of Training.
    Duty Position. A duty position is the position held by an Aircraft
Dispatcher that requires unique qualification and currency requirements
to serve in operations under this part. The term duty position includes
the variations within a position, such as check dispatcher, dispatcher
instructor, or dispatch program designee.
    Eligibility Period. The eligibility period consists of the month in
which the recurrent activity is due (the ``base month''), the month
before and the month after (the ``grace month'').
    Environment. A combination of external, physical, and surrounding
conditions that affect aircraft performance, aircraft and equipment
operation, and decisionmaking.
    Evaluation. Any testing, checking, or observation activities in
which a person's skills and knowledge are assessed by a person
authorized to perform that evaluation.
    Initial Cadre. The specific persons approved by the FAA for the
time frame necessary, not to exceed 24 months, for a new part 119
certificate holder to initiate operations under part 119, or for a
current part 119 certificate holder to initiate operations of a new
aircraft type

not operated previously or to initiate a new type of operation.
    Initial training. See definition of Category of Training.
    Module. Modules of instruction are subsets of a training segment
that include major subject areas for training and evaluation.
    Month. Calendar month.
    Practical test: The final test required for certification of a
person as an aircraft dispatcher.
    Proficiency: Demonstrated awareness of existing circumstances,
competence in the necessary knowledge and skills, and performance of
the relevant task within the operating range of environments to the
established standards of performance identified and required by the
Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    Proficiency check. An assessment of dispatcher proficiency during
which limited training or practice is allowed. The assessment is of
knowledge and skill in tasks to the standards identified and required
by the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    Proficiency test. An assessment of dispatcher proficiency during
which additional training or practice is not allowed. The assessment is
of knowledge and skill in tasks to the standards identified and
required by the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    Programmed hours. The required number of hours (baseline and
minimum) set forth in this subpart for categories of training
identified and required by the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    Qualification Performance Standards (QPS). FAA standards providing
all of the tasks, areas of instruction, and evaluation, including
activities, procedures, and knowledge needed to certify, qualify,
retain currency, and requalify dispatchers for performing in operations
under this part. The QPS for dispatchers is part 121 appendix T:
Aircraft Dispatcher Qualification Performance Standards.
    Qualified. When used in reference to an individual, means an
individual who has completed the certificate holder's FAA-approved
curriculum under this part and holds an aircraft dispatcher
certificate.
    Recurrent training. See definition of Category of Training.
    Requalification training. See definition of Category of Training.
    Serve. Performing the duties of an aircraft dispatcher, dispatcher
instructor, check dispatcher, or dispatch program designee for a
certificate holder.
    Special training. See definition of Category of Training.
    Supervised Operating Experience (SOE). Training and other
supervised activities conducted for the purpose of demonstrating the
ability to perform the duties of an aircraft dispatcher prior to the
proficiency test or proficiency check.
    Training. Instruction and practice.
    Training program. A certificate holder's training curricula,
personnel, facilities, equipment, and other resources used to meet the
training requirements of this subpart.
    Transition training. See definition of Category of Training.

Sec.  121.1407  English language requirement.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as an aircraft dispatcher under this part, unless that person has
demonstrated to an individual qualified to conduct evaluations under
this part, the ability to do the following:
    (a) Read, write, speak, and understand the English language.
    (b) Have their English language and writings understood.

Sec.  121.1409  Acceptable time for completing recurrent requirements.

    (a) An aircraft dispatcher must complete recurrent training,
evaluation or operating familiarization during the eligibility period.
    (b) An aircraft dispatcher who has not completed recurrent training
by the end of the base month may continue to perform dispatcher duties
until the end of the eligibility period.

Qualification

Sec.  121.1411  Aircraft dispatcher: Employment and certificate.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as an aircraft dispatcher in domestic or flag operations, unless that
person is an employee of the part 119 certificate holder and has in his
or her possession an aircraft dispatcher certificate issued to the
person by the FAA without limitations, in accordance with part 65
subpart C of this chapter.

Sec.  121.1413  Aircraft dispatcher: Training and evaluation.

    No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person serve,
as an aircraft dispatcher in domestic or flag operations, unless that
person meets the following requirements:
    (a) Training and evaluation. The person has successfully completed,
in a training program approved under this subpart for the certificate
holder, the following:
    (1) Training in accordance with the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS, and
the associated programmed hours required by Sec.  121.1435, as follows:
    (i) Within the preceding 12 months, initial, combined certification
and initial, transition, or recurrent training categories as prescribed
in Sec.  121.1453 or Sec.  121.1455 as applicable.
    (A) An aircraft dispatcher is eligible for transition training only
if the aircraft dispatcher is otherwise qualified as an aircraft
dispatcher for the certificate holder on another aircraft type in
operations under this part.
    (B) To be eligible for recurrent training, an aircraft dispatcher
must be otherwise qualified and have successfully completed the
initial, combined certification and initial, or transition training for
the certificate holder.
    (ii) Differences training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1471.
    (iii) Requalification training, if necessary, as prescribed in
Sec.  121.1419.
    (iv) Special training, if necessary, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1437.
    (2) A proficiency test or check in accordance with Sec.
121.1453(a)(2), Sec.  121.1453(b)(2), or Sec.  121.1455(c), as
applicable.
    (3) Supervised operating experience, as prescribed in Sec.
121.1417.
    (b) Continuity of training.
    (1) Initial for certificated dispatchers. A certificated aircraft
dispatcher must successfully complete all of the required initial
training category, including the proficiency test, prescribed in Sec.
121.1453(a)(2) within 120 days of beginning the initial training
category.
    (2) Combined certification and initial for non-certificated person.
A non-certificated person must successfully complete all of the
required combined certification and initial training category,
including the practical test and proficiency test, prescribed in Sec.
121.1453(b)(2) within 180 days of beginning the combined certification
and initial category.
    (c) Failure to complete training. If a person fails to successfully
complete the training in the time required by paragraph (b) of this
section, the person must repeat the initial training, or combined
certification and initial training, as required by paragraph (a) of
this section within the time period required in paragraph (b) of this
section.
    (d) Operating familiarization. The person has successfully
completed operating familiarization every 12 months in accordance with
Sec.  121.1415. For domestic operations, the operating familiarization
must be conducted within a geographic area into which the person
dispatches. For flag operations, the operating familiarization must be
conducted within a flag area of operation for which the person

dispatches in accordance with the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (1) If the person dispatches in either domestic operations or flag
operations, but not both, the person must have completed operating
familiarization in the type of operation, domestic or flag, and in an
aircraft type that the person dispatches within the preceding 12
months.
    (2) If the person dispatches in both domestic and flag operations,
the person must have completed operating familiarization in both
domestic and flag operations in an aircraft type that the person
dispatches within the preceding 24 months.
    (3) If the person dispatches both propeller driven (including
reciprocating powered and turbopropeller powered) and turbojet powered
aircraft, the person must have completed operating familiarization in
both propeller driven and turbojet powered aircraft within the
preceding 24 months.

Sec.  121.1415  Aircraft dispatcher: Operating familiarization.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section,
the operating familiarization required by Sec.  121.1413(d) must
consist of at least 5 hours of observing operations under this part
from the flight deck. This observation must be made from the flight
deck or, for airplanes without an observer seat on the flight deck,
from a forward passenger seat with headset or speaker. This requirement
may be reduced by one hour for each additional takeoff and landing, but
the reduction must not exceed 2\1/2\ hours.
    (b) The requirement of paragraph (a) of this section may be
satisfied by observation of simulated flight time during a Line
Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) session required by subpart BB of this
part. The observation must occur in a Full Flight Simulator (FFS)
approved in accordance with part 60 of this chapter for the aircraft
type and operation. The actual observed simulated flight time must not
be reduced below 5 hours.
    (c) If the requirement of paragraph (a) and (b) of this section
cannot be met, the certificate holder may request a deviation to
complete operating familiarization through a ground training program
approved by the Administrator.
    (d) A person may serve as an aircraft dispatcher for a new type of
operation (domestic or flag) without meeting the requirements of this
section for 90 days after the certificate holder introduces a new type
of operation.

Sec.  121.1417  Aircraft dispatcher: Supervised operating experience.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as an aircraft dispatcher unless that person meets all of the
following requirements:
    (1) The person has been supervised by a current and qualified
dispatcher who meets the experience requirements of Sec.
121.1421(b)(1) through (4).
    (2) The person has been supervised for the minimum hours prescribed
in the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS for each type of operation (domestic or
flag) in which the person serves.
    (3) The person has successfully completed a proficiency test or
check, as appropriate.
    (b) No person is eligible to receive the supervised operating
experience required in paragraph (a) of this section unless that person
has satisfactorily completed initial, combined certification and
initial, requalification training, and operating familiarization, as
applicable, in accordance with the requirements listed in the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS.
    (c) An aircraft dispatcher administering operating experience may
not supervise more than one person at a time.
    (d) During the supervised operating experience session, the
supervising dispatcher must be the dispatcher of record for each flight
dispatched or released.

Sec.  121.1419  Aircraft dispatcher: Requalification.

    (a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as an aircraft dispatcher if that person has become unqualified
by not satisfactorily completing recurrent training, including
proficiency checks as required by Sec.  121.1413(a).
    (b) To be requalified, the person must complete:
    (1) The initial training requirements of Sec.  121.1453(a) in
accordance with the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS, including supervised
operating experience, operating familiarization, and proficiency test,
or
    (2) All missed recurrent training modules that were not completed
by the end of the person's eligibility period and the additional
requirements for the applicable phase of requalification training in
accordance with the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS, including all applicable
proficiency checks or proficiency tests.
    (c) The requalification requirements for each phase must be
completed:
    (1) Within 60 days of beginning the requalification training; and
    (2) Before the end of the applicable phase of requalification.
    (d) To qualify for:
    (1) Phase I Requalification. A person may requalify under the Phase
I Requalification program if less than 6 months have elapsed since the
end of the person's base month for recurrent training. The aircraft
dispatcher's base month for recurrent training does not change.
    (2) Phase II Requalification. A person may requalify under the
Phase II Requalification program if at least 6 months, but less than 12
months, have elapsed since the end of the person's base month for
recurrent training. The aircraft dispatcher's base month for recurrent
training does not change.
    (3) Phase III Requalification. A person may requalify under the
Phase III Requalification program if at least 12 months, but less than
24 months, have elapsed since the end of the person's base month for
recurrent training. The aircraft dispatcher's base month for recurrent
training must change to the month in which the requalification
proficiency check is successfully completed.
    (4) Phase IV Requalification. A person may requalify under the
Phase IV Requalification program if at least 24 months, but less than
36 months, have elapsed since the end of the person's base month for
recurrent training. The aircraft dispatcher's base month for recurrent
training must change to the month in which the requalification
proficiency check is successfully completed.
    (5) Phase V Requalification. A person may requalify under the Phase
V Requalification program if 36 months or more have elapsed since the
end of the person's base month for recurrent training. The aircraft
dispatcher's base month for recurrent training must change to the month
in which the requalification proficiency test is successfully
completed.

Sec.  121.1421  Dispatcher instructor and check dispatcher:
Eligibility, training, and evaluation.

    (a) Dispatcher Instructor. No certificate holder conducting
domestic or flag operations may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as a dispatcher instructor in a training program established
under this part unless the person meets one of the following:
    (1) The person must meet the applicable requirements of Sec.
121.1439 and hold an aircraft dispatcher certificate. The person must
maintain aircraft dispatcher currency in accordance with the
certificate holder's approved training program. Within the preceding 12
months, the person has

successfully completed an initial training curriculum or a recurrent
training curriculum in accordance with Sec.  121.1457.
    (2) A person who does not meet the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)
of this section, but who is a subject matter expert with specific
technical knowledge on a subject may be used to conduct training in the
subjects specified in the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS. The subject matter
expert must be acceptable to the FAA.
    (b) Check dispatcher. No certificate holder conducting domestic or
flag operations may use any person, nor may any person serve, as a
check dispatcher in a training program established under this subpart
unless the person has been approved by the FAA and meets the following
requirements:
    (1) The person meets the applicable requirements of Sec.  121.1439
and holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate. The person must maintain
aircraft dispatcher currency in accordance with the certificate
holder's approved training curriculum.
    (2) The person has performed the duties of an aircraft dispatcher
for at least 8 hours within a 24-hour period in the preceding 60 days.
    (3) Within the preceding 12 months, the person has successfully
completed an initial training curriculum or a recurrent training
curriculum in accordance with Sec.  121.1459.
    (4) The person has been current and qualified as an aircraft
dispatcher for a part 121 domestic or flag operation for at least 3 of
the previous 5 years.

Sec.  121.1423  Dispatch program designee: Eligibility and
qualification.

    If the certificate holder elects to establish a combined
certification and initial training category, the FAA may approve one or
more dispatch program designees to represent the FAA for the purpose of
issuing aircraft dispatcher certificates.
    (a) To be eligible to become a dispatch program designee and to
remain qualified to serve as a dispatch program designee, a person must
meet the following requirements:
    (1) Be an employee of the certificate holder.
    (2) Be a check dispatcher in accordance with Sec.  121.1421 and be
currently serving as an aircraft dispatcher for the certificate holder
for the aircraft type and operation.
    (3) Be a designated aircraft dispatcher examiner in accordance with
Sec.  183.25 of this chapter.
    (4) Conduct a practical test under the observation of the FAA and
be designated as a dispatch program designee by the FAA. The person
undergoing the practical test for this purpose must be signed off by
the FAA inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (5) A designee may continue to conduct practical tests if, within
the preceding 12 months, the designee has done one of the following
under the observation of the FAA:
    (i) Conducted a practical test.
    (ii) Conducted a proficiency test.
    (iii) Conducted a proficiency check.
    (b) The dispatch program designee is only approved to perform the
duties of a dispatch program designee for the certificate holder.

Sec.  121.1425  Check dispatcher: Initial cadre.

    (a) Purpose of this section. This section is used to qualify an
initial cadre of check dispatchers in lieu of the experience and
recency requirements of Sec. Sec.  121.1417 and 121.1421. A certificate
holder may use a person as a check dispatcher even though the person
does not meet the experience or recency requirements of the subpart, if
the person meets the initial cadre requirements of this section.
    (b) Duration of initial cadre status. The FAA will determine the
period of initial cadre status, and may terminate initial cadre status
for the certificate holder or for an individual check dispatcher, if
necessary. In no case will initial cadre status exceed a period of 24
months.
    (c) Eligibility for initial cadre status for check dispatcher. To
be eligible to become an initial cadre check dispatcher for a part 119
certificate holder, and to continue to serve in that capacity for the
authorized period, a person must meet all of the following
requirements:
    (1) Be an employee of the part 119 certificate holder (or
applicant).
    (2) Have served at least 3 years in the past 6 years as a
dispatcher for the aircraft type for which the person is to perform
duties as an initial cadre check dispatcher.
    (3) Have an aircraft dispatch certificate without restrictions.
    (4) Have successfully completed initial, transition, or differences
training, as appropriate, as approved by the FAA for the part 119
certificate holder (or applicant) that is required to serve as an
aircraft dispatcher.
    (5) Have conducted activities for which the person is to perform
duties as a check dispatcher under the observation of an FAA inspector.
When an observed activity must be made part of a training record, the
people undergoing the observed activities must be signed off by the FAA
inspector as the evaluator of record.
    (6) Be approved by the FAA for the specific duties to be performed.
    (d) Operating experience for initial cadre check dispatchers.
    (1) An initial cadre check dispatcher may receive credit for his or
her own operating experience while administering operating experience
to another initial cadre check dispatcher.
    (2) Initial cadre check dispatchers may obtain operating experience
only if at least one of the other initial cadre check dispatchers has:
    (i) Experience with the aircraft type on which the person is to
perform duties as a check dispatcher or has received training for the
aircraft type in accordance with the QPS.
    (ii) Experience within the type of operation, domestic or flag, in
which the person is to perform duties as a check dispatcher or has the
received training for the type of operation in accordance with the QPS.
    (e) Persons authorized to administer training and evaluation. As
approved by the FAA:
    (1) Employees of a part 142 certificate holder, another part 119
certificate holder, or the aircraft manufacturer may administer the
training for initial cadre check dispatchers.
    (2) Only a person who holds an aircraft dispatcher certificate
issued under part 65 who is an employee of the part 119 certificate
holder, or the FAA, may administer the evaluation for initial cadre
check dispatchers.
    (3) Check dispatchers who are employees of an existing part 119
certificate holder that is adding a new aircraft type or operation may
continue to serve as check dispatchers for the new aircraft type or
operation during the initial cadre period.

General Training Program Requirements

Sec.  121.1431  Training program: General.

    (a) Each certificate holder must establish and keep current an
aircraft dispatcher training program. Each curriculum in a training
program must be current and must be kept current with respect to any
changes in the certificate holder's policies, operations, and
requirements of this chapter. Each certificate holder must obtain the
appropriate initial and final approval of its training program, as
specified in Sec.  121.1437.
    (b) The aircraft dispatcher training program must address all of
the following:
    (1) The requirements of this subpart.
    (2) The requirements of the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (c) Each certificate holder is responsible for ensuring that its
aircraft

dispatchers are adequately trained and that aircraft dispatcher
training and evaluation is conducted in accordance with the certificate
holder's approved training program.
    (d) As part of its training program, a certificate holder must
provide to each student, as applicable, the following:
    (1) Curricula, categories of training, and segments of training
applicable for use by the certificate holder as required by this
subpart and approved by the Administrator.
    (2) A sufficient number of dispatcher instructors, trained and
qualified in accordance with this subpart, to provide the approved
training.
    (3) A sufficient number of check dispatchers trained and qualified
in accordance with this subpart, to complete the applicable evaluation
of knowledge and skills in tasks in accordance with the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS.
    (4) Adequate training facilities.
    (5) Appropriate and current training materials, examinations,
forms, instructions, and procedures for use in conducting the training,
evaluation, and supervised operating experience required by this part
with respect to each aircraft type and operation, and if applicable,
the particular variations within that aircraft type.
    (e) No certificate holder may use a person as an aircraft
dispatcher unless each dispatcher instructor or check dispatcher who is
responsible for a training curriculum, training category, or evaluation
under this part has certified in writing or electronically the
proficiency and knowledge of the individual being trained or evaluated.
    (1) The certification required by this paragraph must be made a
part of the aircraft dispatcher's record required by subpart V of this
part. The record must indicate whether the individual successfully
completed each of the training and evaluation requirements for the
specific curriculum listed in this paragraph.
    (2) When the record of the certification required by this paragraph
is made by an entry in a computerized recordkeeping system, the
dispatcher instructor or check dispatcher making the certification must
be identified with that entry, and the record must be in a form
approved by the Administrator.

Sec.  121.1433  Training program: General curriculum by aircraft type
and operation.

    (a) Each certificate holder must prepare and keep current a
training curriculum for each aircraft type and operation conducted by
that certificate holder under this part. The curriculum must be
available to each aircraft dispatcher required for that aircraft type
and operation. Each curriculum must include the categories of training
and the ground training modules required by this subpart and the
Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (b) Each training category must provide training and evaluation as
necessary to ensure that each aircraft dispatcher meets the following
requirements:
    (1) Maintains proficiency with respect to each aircraft type and
operation (domestic and flag operations) in which the aircraft
dispatcher serves.
    (2) Maintains proficiency in the duties and responsibilities for
the aircraft type and operation that are contained in the Sec.  121.133
manual as outlined in Sec.  121.135.
    (3) Is trained and knowledgeable as to the current operating
limitations sections of the applicable FCOM.
    (4) Remains trained and knowledgeable on the procedures and
performance sections of the applicable FCOM.
    (5) Qualifies in new equipment, facilities, procedures, techniques,
computer applications, and technology required to perform the duties of
an aircraft dispatcher.
    (6) Understands the nature and effects of safety hazards, weather
extremes, and the effects of these on operations.
    (7) Knows and is able to apply Dispatch Resource Management (DRM)
skills identified in the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (c) Each training category must include the following:
    (1) The areas of instruction with subjects and the tasks required
by the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (2) A list of all equipment used by the certificate holder for
training and evaluation.
    (3) An outline of the training category that includes ground
training and evaluation modules by subject matter.
    (4) The approved programmed hours of training that will be applied
to each required training category.
    (5) Differences that relate to the variations of a particular
aircraft type to be included in all ground training modules for
purposes of training and evaluation, as applicable.
    (6) A copy of each statement issued by the Administrator under
Sec.  121.1435 for a reduction of baseline programmed hours of training
and evaluation.
    (7) A list of qualified instructors and the letter of authorization
from the FAA for the check dispatcher and dispatch program designee.

Sec.  121.1435  Training program: Curriculum programmed hours.

    (a) Each certificate holder's training program submitted for
initial approval under this subpart must have at least the baseline
programmed hours specified in the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS. Programmed
hours include training and evaluation.
    (b) The Administrator will not approve a reduction in the baseline
programmed hours specified in this subpart during the initial approval
of training programs. For a training program that has final approval, a
certificate holder may apply for a reduction of programmed hours based
on the factors outlined in Sec.  121.1437(e). The Administrator will
not approve a reduction of programmed hours below the minimum hours in
the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (c) When the Administrator approves a reduction in programmed
hours, the Administrator will provide the certificate holder with a
statement of the basis for the approval.
    (d) The Administrator will determine the required programmed hours
for the requalification training category as specified in the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS.

Sec.  121.1437  Training program: Approval and amendment process.

    (a) Each training program described in this subpart must be
approved by the Administrator. To obtain initial or final approval of a
training program, or to request a revision to an approved training
program, each certificate holder must provide the Administrator the
following information in a form acceptable to the Administrator:
    (1) An outline of the proposed program or proposed revision,
including an outline of the proposed or revised curriculum required in
Sec.  121.1433, that provides all the information needed for a
preliminary evaluation of the proposed program or proposed revision.
    (2) Curricula, categories of training, and segments of training
applicable for use by the certificate holder as required by this
subpart.
    (3) The number of dispatcher instructors trained and qualified in
accordance with Sec.  121.1421(a)(1) to provide the approved training
and evaluation, and the number of dispatcher instructors used in
accordance with Sec.  121.1421(a)(2), to provide the approved training.
    (4) The number of check dispatchers trained and qualified in
accordance with this subpart, to complete the evaluations and
observations that are required by this subpart.

    (5) A description of the ground training facilities.
    (6) A synopsis of the materials, examinations, forms, instructions,
and procedures to be used for the training and evaluation required by
this subpart with respect to each aircraft type, and if applicable, the
particular variations within that aircraft type.
    (7) A statement as to whether training will be provided by persons
other than the certificate holder's employees in accordance with Sec.
121.1439.
    (8) A copy of the Flight Crew Operating Manual for each aircraft
type to be included in the training program. The Flight Crew Operating
Manual must be current at the time of submission. Amendments must be
made as required.
    (9) A copy of the current Sec.  121.133 manual as outlined in Sec.
121.135.
    (10) Documentation of the certificate holder's continuous analysis
process established in accordance with Sec.  121.1441.
    (11) Additional relevant information required by the Administrator.
    (b) If the proposed training program or proposed revision complies
with this subpart, the Administrator grants initial approval in
writing, after which the certificate holder may conduct the training
and evaluation in accordance with that program. The Administrator then
evaluates the effectiveness of the initially approved training program
and advises the certificate holder of any deficiencies that must be
corrected.
    (c) A revision to an approved training program may be proposed as a
special training category that reflects changes to the certificate
holder's operation, or as a differences training category that reflects
differences in configuration within an aircraft type.
    (1) The proposed special training category will include modules of
training and evaluation for training segments within existing training
categories. These modules will be initially approved and evaluated.
Upon satisfactory evaluation, the special training category modules
will receive final approval and be integrated into the training
segments of the existing training categories. Once integrated, it will
no longer be called a special training category, but will be part of
the approved training program. The Principal Operations Inspector will
determine the number for programmed hours.
    (2) The proposed differences training category will include modules
of training and evaluation for applicable segments of training. These
modules will be initially approved, evaluated, and upon satisfactory
evaluation, added to the previously approved differences training. The
Principal Operations Inspector will determine the number of programmed
hours.
    (d) The Administrator grants final approval of a training program
if the certificate holder shows that the training and evaluation
conducted under the initial approval obtained under paragraph (b) of
this section ensures that each person who completes the training and
evaluation is adequately trained to perform his or her assigned duties.
    (e) The Administrator may require revisions to an approved training
program anytime the FAA finds that revisions are necessary in the
interest of safety or security. If the Administrator finds that
revisions are necessary for the continued adequacy of a training
program that has been granted initial or final approval, the
certificate holder must, after notification by the Administrator, make
all changes in the program that the Administrator finds necessary.
    (1) Within 30 days after the certificate holder receives a notice
to revise the program, it may file a petition with the Director of
Flight Standards to reconsider the notice. The filing of a petition to
reconsider stays the notice pending a decision by the Director of
Flight Standards.
    (2) If the Administrator finds that there is an emergency that
requires immediate action in the interest of safety or security, the
Administrator may, upon a statement of the reasons, require a change
effective without stay.
    (f) The Administrator considers the following factors in approving
revisions or requiring revisions to a training program:
    (1) The pass and fail rate in the curriculum under consideration.
    (2) The quality and effectiveness of the teaching-learning process
(e.g., quality of instructors, training equipment, methods, and
procedures listed in the certificate holder's curriculum required by
Sec.  121.1433).
    (3) The experience levels of the student population.
    (4) The experience levels of the instructors and check persons.
    (5) The type and scope of operations conducted by the certificate
holder.
    (6) The complexity of make, model, and series of aircraft used.

Sec.  121.1439  Training program: Administering training and
evaluation.

    (a) Persons administering training must be acceptable to the FAA.
    (b) Persons who administer evaluation must be approved by the FAA
and knowledgeable about the certificate holder's facilities, equipment,
and procedures.
    (c) Persons who administer training or evaluation must use only the
equipment and the facilities that are specifically approved for the
certificate holder's training program.
    (d) Training, proficiency tests, proficiency checks, and practical
tests for aircraft dispatchers must be administered in accordance with
the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (e) A dispatch program designee or the FAA must administer the
aircraft dispatcher practical test.
    (f) The certificate holder must report a failure of a proficiency
test, practical test, or proficiency check to the FAA.
    (g) A proficiency test, proficiency check, or practical test is not
successfully completed if the individual did not successfully complete
all required portions of the training curriculum before taking the
proficiency test, proficiency check, or practical test.
    (h) Training and evaluation is not successfully completed, even if
the individual successfully completed the activity, when the
certificate holder does one of the following:
    (1) Uses facilities, equipment, and materials that are not
specifically approved for that activity as part of the certificate
holder's approved training program.
    (2) Uses persons who are not authorized to administer the activity
as specified in the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS, or who do not meet the
requirements of this subpart.

Sec.  121.1441  Training program: Continuous analysis process.

    (a) Each certificate holder must establish and maintain a process
for the continuous analysis of the performance and effectiveness of its
training program and operation that will allow the certificate holder
the ability to recognize where improvements are needed. This process
must:
    (1) Incorporate procedures to ensure that the training program and
the standards of qualification for each duty position are documented,
and provide a means for updating as changes are required.
    (2) Provide for the review of training program content,
application, and results for each aircraft type and operation.
    (3) Continually measure and monitor the outcome of the training
program and operation in terms of the aircraft dispatcher's performance
and qualification, and provide a means to identify and correct
deficiencies in the aircraft dispatcher's performance and qualification
and in the training program and operation. Procedures must include
correction of deficiencies

by the certificate holder or by persons providing training and
evaluation in the certificate holder's training program and operation.
    (b) The FAA will notify the certificate holder in writing when it
finds that the continuous analysis process described in paragraph (a)
of this section does not contain adequate procedures and standards to
meet the requirements of this section. The certificate holder must make
any changes in the training program that are necessary to meet the
requirements of this section.
    (c) A certificate holder may petition the FAA to reconsider the
notice to make a change in the continuous analysis process. The
petition must be filed with the FAA certificate holding district office
charged with the overall inspection of the certificate holder's
operations within 30 days after the certificate holder receives the
notice. Except in the case of an emergency requiring immediate action
in the interest of safety, the filing of the petition stays the notice
pending a decision by the FAA.

Training Category Requirements

Sec.  121.1451  Training category requirements: Standards used in
aircraft dispatcher training.

    (a) The certificate holder must include in the training categories
the subjects, tasks, and standards set forth in the Aircraft Dispatcher
QPS.
    (b) The QPS requirements for aircraft dispatcher training and
evaluation include all of the following:
    (1) The subjects and areas of instruction listed in the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS for initial, combined certification and initial,
recurrent, transition, differences, and requalification training.
    (2) The Dispatch Resource Management (DRM) skills listed in the
Aircraft Dispatcher QPS.
    (3) The requirements for administering specific evaluations.
    (4) The requirements and performance standards for each task and
environment.

Sec.  121.1453  Training category requirements: Aircraft dispatcher
initial, combined certification and initial, and transition training.

    (a) Initial and transition training for aircraft dispatchers must
include all of the following:
    (1) Training and evaluation in the subjects listed in the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS.
    (2) Successful completion of a proficiency test in accordance with
the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS for each aircraft type and operation, and
the particular variations within the aircraft type.
    (b) Combined certification and initial training must include all of
the following:
    (1) Training and evaluation in the subjects listed in the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS.
    (2) Successful completion of a practical test and proficiency test
in accordance with the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS for each aircraft type
and operation, and the particular variations within the aircraft type.
The FAA or dispatch program designee must administer the practical
test.

Sec.  121.1455  Training category requirements: Aircraft dispatcher
recurrent training.

    Recurrent training for aircraft dispatchers must include all of the
following:
    (a) Instruction in the subjects specified in the Aircraft
Dispatcher QPS.
    (b) An evaluation of the aircraft dispatcher's knowledge with
respect to the aircraft type and operation involved.
    (c) Successful completion of a proficiency check in accordance with
the Aircraft Dispatcher QPS for each aircraft type and operation, and
the particular variations within the aircraft type.

Sec.  121.1457  Training category requirements: Dispatcher instructor
initial and recurrent training.

    (a) Initial training. Initial training for a dispatcher instructor
must consist of a 4-hour block of instruction that includes the
following subjects:
    (1) Aircraft dispatcher instructor duties, functions, and
responsibilities.
    (2) Appropriate provisions of the regulations of this chapter and
the certificate holder's policies and procedures.
    (3) Appropriate methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting
aircraft dispatcher instruction.
    (4) Evaluation of student performance, including recognition of the
following:
    (i) Improper and insufficient training; and
    (ii) Personal characteristics of a student that could adversely
affect safety.
    (5) Corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory training
progress.
    (6) Approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing
the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the dispatch
facility.
    (7) Principles of the teaching-learning process.
    (8) Teaching methods and procedures.
    (9) Instructor-student relationship.
    (b) Recurrent training. Recurrent training for a dispatcher
instructor must consist of a 2-hour block of instruction every 12
months that includes the following:
    (1) Subjects required in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Instructional and evaluation methods and techniques.
    (3) Changes in aircraft dispatcher qualification curricula.
    (4) Continuous analysis process review based on the factors
addressed in Sec.  121.1441.

Sec.  121.1459  Training category requirements: Check dispatcher
initial and recurrent training.

    (a) Initial training. Initial training for a check dispatcher must
consist of a 4-hour block of instruction that includes the following
subjects:
    (1) Check dispatcher duties, functions, and responsibilities.
    (2) Appropriate provisions of the regulations of this chapter and
the certificate holder's policies and procedures.
    (3) Appropriate methods, procedures, and techniques for conducting
the required tests and checks.
    (4) Evaluation of student performance, including recognition of the
following:
    (i) Improper and insufficient training; and
    (ii) Personal characteristics of a student that could adversely
affect safety.
    (5) Corrective action in the case of unsatisfactory evaluations.
    (6) Approved methods, procedures, and limitations for performing
the required normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures in the dispatch
facility.
    (b) Recurrent training. Recurrent training for a check dispatcher
must consist of a 2-hour block of instruction every 12 months that
includes the following:
    (1) Subjects required in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Instructional and evaluation methods and techniques.
    (3) Changes in aircraft dispatcher qualification curricula.
    (4) Continuous analysis process review based on the factors
addressed in Sec.  121.1441.

Other Training Requirements

Sec.  121.1471  Differences training and evaluation.

    Each aircraft dispatcher training program must provide differences
training if the Administrator finds that, due to differences between
aircraft of the same type operated by the certificate holder,
additional training is necessary to ensure that each aircraft
dispatcher is adequately trained to perform the

[[Continued on page 1329]]

]

[[pp. 1329-1378]] Qualification, Service, and Use of Crewmembers and Aircraft
Dispatchers

[[Continued from page 1328]]

assigned duties. The Administrator will determine the number of
additional training hours and subjects necessary for the aircraft type
and operation.
    31. Add appendix Q of part 121 to read as follows:

Appendix Q to Part 121--Pilot, Qualification Performance Standards

    Table of Contents
    Introduction
    A. What is contained in the Pilot QPS?
    B. Can the reader rely solely on this document for pilot
qualification and related training requirements?
    C. How can I get answers to questions about the contents of this
appendix?
    D. Why do we need a QPS for pilots?
    E. Where can each type of standard be found in the QPS?
    F. [Reserved]
    G. Where can definitions and acronyms be found?
    H. What references are recommended?
    I. What training aids and guides should be used to develop
instructional materials?
    J. How must Crew Resource Management (CRM) training be
administered?
    K. What is the continuous analysis process and how is it
incorporated in this QPS?(see Sec.  121.1355)
Attachment 1. Programmed Hour Requirements For New Hire, Initial,
Transition, Conversion, Upgrade, Differences, Requalification,
Recurrent, and Special Training Categories (see Sec. Sec.  121.1205;
121.1239; 121.1331; 121.1333; 121.1335; 121.1337; 121.1367; and
121.1391)
Attachment 2. Academic Training Segment Requirements--Subjects and
Tests--For New Hire, Initial Transition, Conversion, Upgrade,
Requalification, Recurrent, Differences, and Special Training
Categories (see Sec. Sec.  121.1221; 121.1223; 121.1225; 121.1227;
121.1229; 121.1333; 121.1335; 121.1341; 121.1343; 121.1361;
121.1363; 121.1365; 121.1367; 121.1377; 121.1381; and 121.1391)
Attachment 3. Job Performance Training Requirements for All
Categories of Training (see Sec. Sec.  121.1205; 121.133; 121.135;
121.1221; 121.1223; 121.1225; 121.1227; 121.1229; 121.1233;
121.1251; 121.1253; 121.1255; 121.1257; 121.1271; 121.1281;
121.1333; 121.1335; 121.1337; 121.1339; 121.1341; 121.1343;
121.1345; 121.1347; 121.1349; 121.1351; 121.1353; 121.1361;
121.1363; 121.1365; 121.1367; 121.1377; 121.1379; 121.1381;
121.1383; 121.1385; 121.1387; and 121.1391)
Attachment 4. Generic Pilot Performance Standards for Each Task and
Environment (see Sec. Sec.  121.133; 121.135; 121.1201; 121.1203;
121.1205; 121.1221; 121.1221; 121.1233; 121.1253; 121.1255;
121.1257; 121.1271; 121.1281; 121.1333; 121.1337; 121.1351;
121.1341; 121.1343; 121.1361; 121.1363; 121.1365; 121.1367;
121.1377; 121.1379; 121.1381; 121.1383; 121.1385; and 121.1391)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN INFORMATION

Introduction

A. What is contained in the Pilot QPS?

    This QPS contains Information and QPS Requirements.
    1. Information: Explanations that clarify or support regulatory
requirements found in the Code of Federal Regulations or in this Pilot
QPS. Explanations are provided as guidance and are not regulatory. This
guidance appears under the heading ``BEGIN INFORMATION'' and uses the
terms ``should'' or ``may'' to indicate that it is not mandatory.
    2. QPS Requirements: Pilot Qualification Performance Standards
contained in this appendix are regulatory and mandatory. These
requirements appear under the heading ``BEGIN QPS REQUIREMENTS'' and
use the terms ``must,'' ``may not,'' and ``will.''

B. Can the reader rely solely on this document for pilot qualification
and training requirements?

    No, do not rely solely on this document for regulatory requirements
in these areas. The reader must also use 14 CFR part 91 and part 121,
subparts G, T, V, X, and BB.

C. How can I get answers to questions about the contents of this
appendix?

    1. You may mail questions to: U.S. Department of Transportation,
Federal Aviation Administration, Flight Standards Service, Air
Transportation Division, AFS-210,800 Independence Avenue, SW.,
Washington, DC 20591,Telephone: (202) 267-816, Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    2. You may find answers to questions on the Flight Standards
Internet Web Site address is: ``http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/
headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/.'' On this Web Site you will
find Flight Standards Programs, Aviation Safety Inspector Handbooks and
Documents, the current Aviation Regulations (14 CFR), Advisory
Circulars, and other sources of FAA information.

D. Why do we need a QPS for pilots?

    1. To provide objective standards for pilot performance and for
relating these standards to simulation equipment qualification levels.
    2. To provide routine and periodic update capability. This
capability is needed to respond to accidents, incidents, or rapidly
occurring changes to equipment and operations. All changes made to this
appendix will be subject to public notice and comment, unless good
cause exists to support a finding that notice and comment would be
impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.
    3. To provide the certificate holder with a minimum set of
standards for developing the following:
    (a) Training and certification programs,
    (b) Performance standards, and
    (c) Evaluation criteria as they relate to the pilot job function.

E. Where can each type of standard be found in the QPS?

    1. Attachment 1 contains the programmed hour requirements for new
hire, initial, transition, conversion, upgrade, differences,
requalification, recurrent, and special training categories.
    2. Attachment 2 contains the academic training requirements for new
hire, initial, transition, conversion, upgrade, requalification,
recurrent, differences, and special training categories.
    3. Attachment 3 contains:
    (a) The job performance training requirements for initial,
transition, upgrade, conversion, requalification, recurrent,
difference, and special categories of training.
    (b) How evaluations are administered.
    (c) What level FSTD must be used for each task or environment.
    4. Attachment 4 contains the generic pilot performance standards
for each task and environment.

F. [Reserved]

G. Where can definitions and acronyms be found?

    You can find definitions in Sec.  121.1205. Acronyms are as
follows:

AFD Airport Facility Directory
AFE Above field elevation
AFS-210 Air Carrier Training Branch, Air Transportation
Division,Flight Standards Service
AFM Airplane Flight Manual
AGL Above Ground Level
AIM Aeronautical Information Manual
APD Aircrew Program Designee
ASAP Aviation Safety Action Program
ASR Airport Surveillance Radar
ASRS Aviation Safety Reporting System
ATC Air Traffic Control
ATIS Automated Terminal Information System
ATP Airline Transport Pilot
CDI Course Deviation Indicator
CDL Critical Design List
CFIT Controlled Flight into Terrain
COM Crewmember Operating Manual
CRM Crew Resource Management
DA Decision Altitude
DH Decision Height
DME Distance Measurement Equipment
EFIS Electronic Flight Indicating Systems
EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System

EGT Exhaust Gas Temperature
ETOPS Extended Operations (replaces EROPS) (Extended Range
Operations)
EFVS Enhanced Flight Vision System
EVAS Emergency Vision Assurance System
FAF Final Approach Fix
FDC Flight Data Center
FE Flight Engineer
FFS Full Flight Simulator
FMS Flight Management System
FOQA Flight Operational Quality Assurance
FSTD Flight Simulation Training Device
FTD Flight Training Device
GPS Global Positioning System
GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System
GS Ground Speed
HUD Head-Up Display
IAP Initial Approach Point
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
INS Inertial Navigation System
IOS Instructor's Operating Station
LAHSO Land and Hold Short Operations
LOFT Line Operational Flight Training
LORAN Long Range Navigation
MEA Minimum Enroute Altitude
MEL Minimum Equipment List
MDA Minimum Descent Altitude
METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report
PAR Precision Approach Radar
PBE Protective Breathing Equipment
PF Pilot Flying
PIC Pilot in Command
PM Pilot Monitoring
POI Principal Operations Inspector
PRM Precision Radar Monitor(used as part of a Simultaneous Close
Parallel approach)
PTS Practical Test Standards
QFE Corrected Barometric Altitude relative to field elevation
QNE Barometric pressure used for standard altimeter setting(29.92
inHg or 1013 hPa)
QNH Corrected Barometric Altitude relative to sea level
QPS Qualification Performance Standards
QRH Quick Reference Handbook
RA Resolution Alert
RMI Radio Magnetic Indicator
RNAV Area Navigation
RNP Required Navigation Performance
RPM Revolutions Per Minute
SAR Search and Rescue
SIC Second In Command
SID Standard Instrument Departure
SOIR Simultaneous Operations on Intersecting Runways
STAR Standard Terminal Arrival
TA Traffic Alert
TAA Terminal Arrival Area
TAS True Airspeed
TAWS Terrain Avoidance Warning System
TCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance System
TCE Training Center Evaluator
TSA Transportation Security Administration
V1 Takeoff Decision Speed
V2 Takeoff Safety Speed
VMCA Minimum Control Speed Air
VMCG Minimum Control Speed Ground
VR Rotation Speed
VREF Reference Speed
VSO Stall Speed, Landing Configuration
VS1 Stall Speed, Specific Configuration
XLS Other Landing System

H. What references are recommended?

    The following references (as amended) support the knowledge and
skill standards for tasks. They are strongly recommended for providing
further details for lesson development. To find 14 CFR parts go to
http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov; to find Advisory Circulars go to: http://
www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars; and to find FAA
handbooks go to: http://www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/
airline_operators/handbooks/.
1. 14 CFR part 1, Definitions and Abbreviations
2. 14 CFR part 60, Qualification of Flight Simulation Devices
3. 14 CFR part 61, Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and
Ground Instructors
4. 14 CFR part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules
5. 14 CFR part 121, Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and
Supplemental Operations
6. AC 00-6, Aviation Weather
7. AC 0045, Aviation Weather Services
8. AC 25.1581-1, Airplane Flight Manual
9. AC 60-22, Aeronautical Decision Making
10. AC 60-28, English Language Skill Standards
11. AC 61-21, Flight Training Handbook
12. AC 61-27, Instrument Flying Handbook
13. AC 61-84, Role of Preflight Preparation
14. AC 120-28, Criteria for Approval of Category III Landing Weather
Minima for Takeoff, Landing, and Rollout
15. AC 120-29, Criteria for Approving Category I and Category II
Landing Minima for Approach
16. AC 120-51, Crew Resource Management Training
17. AC 120-53, Crew Qualification and Pilot Type Rating Requirements
for Transport Category Aircraft Operated Under part 121
18. AC 120-54, Advanced Qualification Program
19. AC 120-55, TCAS II Operational Approval for Air Carriers
20. AC 120-59, Air Carrier Internal Evaluation Programs
21. AC 120-71, Standard Operating Procedures for Flight Deck
Crewmembers
22. Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)
23. AC 120-88, Preventing Injuries Caused by Turbulence
24. FAA H-8083-15, Instrument Flying Handbook
25. En Route Low and High Altitude Charts
26. Profile Descent Charts
27. Standard Instrument Departure (SID)
28. Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR)
29. Airport Facility Directory (AFD) and Standard Instrument Approach
Procedure Charts (SIAP)
30. National Flight Data Center Notices to Airmen (FDC NOTAM)
31. Integrated Measurement of Crew Resource Management and Technical
Flying Skills, DOT/FAA/RD-93/26
32. Transportation Security Regulations (TSRs)
33. HMR 175, Hazardous Materials Regulations, Carriage by Aircraft
34. FAA Order 8040.4, Safety Risk Management
35. Air Transportation Operations Inspector's Handbook, 8400.10

I. What training aids and guides should be used to develop
instructional materials?

    The FAA and the industry periodically publish training aids and
guides in specific technical performance areas (http://www.faa.gov/
other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/training/index.cfm
and http://www.faa.gov/education_research/training/). These aids and
guides are accepted as the industry standard for their specific
technical area. The following training aids and guides are not
regulatory, but contain valuable information about safety of flight
operations that should be considered when developing instructional
materials for the tasks to which each apply.
    1. Takeoff Safety Training Aid.
    2. Wake Vortex Training Aid.
    3. Windshear Training Aid.
    4. Upset Recovery Training Aid.
    5. Winter Operations Guide to Air Carriers.
    6. Controlled Flight Into Terrain.

END INFORMATION

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN QPS REQUIREMENT

J. How must Crew Resource Management (CRM) training be administered?

    The pilot must demonstrate knowledge and skills in the technical
and CRM competencies for each particular task.
    1. Certain CRM-related procedures must be associated with flight
tasks and their related pilot performance requirements, as shown in
Attachment 4 of this appendix. These procedures must be evaluated
during job performance training programs.
    2. In addition to the CRM-related procedures, situational awareness
must

be evaluated as an integral part of each flight task and environment. A
task is not completed unless the evaluator has determined that the
pilot has demonstrated knowledge and skills in the technical and CRM
competencies.
    3. Additionally, the following CRM behaviors are required knowledge
to be taught and tested during academic training, as shown in
Attachment 2 of this appendix:
    (a) Task: Authority of the Pilot In Command
    (1) The Captain's authority, including responsibility for the
safety of flight in routine and emergency conditions
    (2) Chain of command and importance of chain of command
    (b) Task: Communication Processes and Decisions
    (1) Briefing
    (2) Inquiry, advocacy, and assertiveness
    (3) Self-critique
    (4) Communication with appropriate personnel
    (5) Decisionmaking
    (6) Conflict resolution
    (c) Task: Building and Maintenance of a Flight Team
    (1) Leading and following, including the importance of crewmembers
functioning as a team
    (2) Use of interpersonal skills and leadership styles in a way that
fosters crew effectiveness
    (3) Significance of cultural differences
    (d) Task: Workload Management and Situational Awareness
    (1) Preparation and planning
    (2) Vigilance
    (3) Workload distribution
    (4) Distraction avoidance
    (e) Task: Communication and Coordination
    (1) Flight deck and cabin chimes and interphone signals for routine
situations
    (2) Flight attendant notification to flight crew that aircraft is
ready for movement on the surface.
    (3) Flight crew notification to flight attendant to be seated prior
to take-off
    (4) Flight attendant recognition of critical phases of flight
    (5) Crewmember coordination and notification regarding access to
flight deck
    (6) Notification to flight attendants of turbulent air conditions
    (7) Notification between flight crew and flight attendants of
emergency or unusual situations
    (8) Notification between flight crew and flight attendants of
inoperative equipment that is pertinent to flight attendant duties and
responsibilities
    (9) Normal and emergency communication procedures to be used in the
event of inoperative communication equipment
    (f) Task: Crewmember Briefing
    (1) Crewmember responsibilities regarding briefings
    (2) Flight crew briefing
    (3) Flight crew to flight attendant(s) briefings
    (4) Flight attendant to flight attendant(s) briefings
    (5) Required information
    (6) Security procedures
    (7) Communication procedures
    (8) Emergency procedures
    (9) MELs affecting flight operations and cabin safety equipment and
procedures
    (10) Flight information
    (g) Task: Communication and Coordination During a Passenger
Interference Situation
    (1) Certificate holder's written program regarding the handling of
passenger interference, including crewmember communication and
coordination
    (2) Techniques for diffusing a passenger interference situation
    (3) Importance of crewmembers and other employees working as a team
    (4) Role of management and crewmember in follow-up
    (5) Actions to report an occurrence of passenger interference
    (h) Task: Communication and Coordination During an Emergency
Situation
    (1) Actions for each emergency situation
    (2) Importance of notification and who must be notified
    (3) Alternate actions if unable to notify
    (4) Communication during preparation for a planned emergency
evacuation, including the time available, type of emergency, signal to
brace, and special instructions

END QPS REQUIREMENT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN INFORMATION

    4. CRM refers to the effective use of all available resources,
including, human resources, hardware, and information. Human resources
include all other groups routinely working with the flight crewmembers
who are involved in decisions that are required to operate a flight
safely. CRM is not a single task. CRM is a set of competencies that
must be evident in all tasks in this QPS as applied to the individual
and the multi-crew operation.
    5. CRM deficiencies usually contribute to the unsatisfactory
technical performance of a task. Therefore, the CRM competencies are
valuable for debriefing. For debriefing purposes, an amplified list of
these competencies, expressed as behavioral markers, is in AC 120-51,
as amended.
    6. Certificate holders should conduct flight crewmember and flight
attendant CRM scenarios together. When this is not possible,
certificate holders should include information in flight crewmember
training that addresses the roles of flight attendants during emergency
situations.

K. What is the continuous analysis process and how is it incorporated
in this QPS? (see Sec.  121.1355)

    1. The continuous analysis process is a certificate holder internal
evaluation and improvement process. The continuous analysis process
will enable the certificate holder to maintain and refine the training
process by continually monitoring the effectiveness and efficiency of
the process. Various assessment tools (testing, checking, inspection,
documenting, evaluation, and analysis) will be used to validate the
effectiveness of a training program or the need to change a training
program.

END INFORMATION

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN QPS REQUIREMENT

    2. A continuous analysis process is incorporated in this QPS
through integration with the qualification and training program. The
certificate holder is responsible for designating responsibility for
the process. The certificate holder must ensure appropriate and
adequate assessment tools (testing, checking, critique, inspection,
observation, documenting, evaluation, and analysis) are utilized to
enable the certificate holder to validate the effectiveness of the
qualification and training program, or the need to change that program.
The certificate holder must describe the attributes of the continuous
analysis process in the certificate holder's FAA approved training
program.

END QPS REQUIREMENT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN INFORMATION

    3. Components of a Continuous Analysis Process.
    (a) Qualification and training program as approved by the
Administrator. Attributes of the continuous analysis process:
    (1) Who is responsible?
    (2) Who has authority to change the process?
    (3) Description of the process.
    (4) Controls. policy, procedure, training, evaluation.

    (5) Documenting and measurement.
    (6) Interfaces between Departments. Consistency (policy,
procedures, manuals):
    (i) Across Departments
    (ii) Across Divisions
    (b) Assessment tools (adequate and appropriate)
    (1) Testing
    (2) Checking
    (3) Critique
    (4) Inspection and observation
    (6) Documenting
    (7) Evaluation and analysis
    (c) Modification and adjustment of the qualification and training
program
    (d) Approval for modification and adjustment

END INFORMATION

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Attachment 1 of Appendix Q to Part 121

Programmed Hour Requirements for New Hire, Initial, Transition,
Conversion, Upgrade, Differences, Requalification, Recurrent, and
SpecialTraining Categories

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN QPS REQUIREMENT

A. Programmed Hour Requirements: Pilots (PIC and SIC). (see Sec. Sec.
121.1205; 121.1331; 121.1333; 121.1335)

    1. Baseline and Minimum Programmed Hours. Table 1A sets out the
baseline and minimum programmed hours for each category of training by
segment (academic and job performance). The FAA may approve a reduction
in baseline programmed hours if the certificate holder demonstrates
that the reduction is warranted. The FAA will not approve a reduction
in the programmed hours below the minimum programmed hours.
    2. Required hours for requalification training. The hours
established for requalification training (Sec.  121.1239) are for
individuals in specific circumstances. Therefore, there are no
programmed hours in Table 1A for requalification training.
    3. Required hours for differences and special training. The hours
established for differences and special training are in addition to the
previously approved programmed hours for the approved training program.
For differences training (Sec.  121.1391), the hours remain in the
differences training category. For special training (Sec.
121.1337(c)), the certificate holder integrates the training into the
existing categories in Table 1A. Therefore, there are no programmed
hours in Table 1A for differences and special training.

                          Table 1A--Programmed Hour Requirements: Pilots (PIC and SIC)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                   Training segments
                                      --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Academics                          Job performance
         Training categories          --------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Emergency equipment
                                           Ground training          Flight training             drills and
                                                                                demonstrations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NEW HIRE.............................  Baseline 116...........  N/A....................  Baseline 4.
                                       Minimum 20.............  .......................  Minimum 4.
INITIAL..............................  Baseline 116...........  Baseline 36............  Baseline 8.
                                       Minimum 80.............  Minimum 36.............  Minimum 8.
FULL CONVERSION......................  Baseline 68............  Baseline 20............  Baseline 4.
                                       Minimum 52.............  Minimum 20.............  Minimum 4.
CORE CONVERSION......................  Baseline 52............  Baseline 20............  Baseline 4.
                                       Minimum 36.............  Minimum 20.............  Minimum 4.
TRANSITION...........................  Baseline 92............  Baseline 24............  Baseline 4.
                                       Minimum 62.............  Minimum 24.............  Minimum 4.
FULL UPGRADE.........................  Baseline 68............  Baseline 20............  Baseline 4.
                                       Minimum 52.............  Minimum 20.............  Minimum 4.
CORE UPGRADE.........................  Baseline 52............  Baseline 20............  Baseline 4.
                                       Minimum 36.............  Minimum 20.............  Minimum 4.
RECURRENT............................  Baseline 18............  Baseline 8.............  Baseline 8.
                                       (each 9-month Recurrent  (each 9-month Recurrent  (each 36-month period).
                                        training period).        training period).
                                       Minimum 14.............  Minimum 8..............  Minimum 8.
REQUALIFICATION......................  Determined by            Determined by            Determined by
                                        Administrator.           Administrator.           Administrator.
DIFFERENCES..........................  Determined by            Determined by            Determined by
                                        Administrator.           Administrator.           Administrator.
SPECIAL..............................  Developed by             Developed by             Determined by
                                        Certificate Holder,      Certificate Holder,      Administrator.
                                        Approved by the          Approved by the
                                        Administrator.           Administrator.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

END QPS REQUIREMENT

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN INFORMATION

B. Recurrent Training (see Sec.  121.1367)

    Recurrent training modules are required each 9 months. Recurrent
training modules also will contain academic subjects, job performance
tasks and environments, and emergency drills and demonstrations that
may be required once each 9 months, once each 18 months, or once each
36 months. The certificate holder may distribute these recurrent
training requirements in a manner that best suits its training program
structure while ensuring that the required items are included at the
appropriate intervals.

    Example 1: A 9-month recurrent period includes all of the
academic subjects and job performance tasks and environments that
are required at each 9-month interval. The certificate holder may
decide to include one-half of those academic subjects and job
performance tasks and environments that are required every 18 months
during this particular 9-month training period, and leave the
balance to be completed at the next 9-month period. Also, the
certificate holder may decide to include one-fourth of the emergency
equipment drills and demonstrations during this 9-month interval,
and leave the other three-fourths of those drills and demonstrations
to be completed during subsequent 9-month periods.
    Example 2: A 9-month recurrent period includes all of the
academic subjects and job performance tasks and environments that
are required every 9 months. During the next 9-month recurrent
period, the certificate holder must include all of the academic
subjects and

job performance tasks and environments that are required every 9
months, as well as all of the academic subjects and job performance
tasks and environments that are required every 18 months. At the
following 9-month interval (27-month point), the certificate holder
must include all those academic subjects and job performance tasks
and environments that are required every 9 months. Then, at the 36-
month point, the certificate holder must include all of the academic
subjects and job performance tasks and environments that are
required every 9 months, all of the academic subjects and job
performance tasks and environments that are required every 18
months, and all of the academic subjects, job performance tasks, and
all the emergency equipment drills and demonstrations that are
required every 36 months.

END INFORMATION

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Attachment 2 of Appendix Q to part 121

Academic Training Segment Requirements--Subjects and Tests--for New
Hire, Initial Transition, Conversion, Upgrade, Requalification,
Recurrent, Differences, and Special Training Categories

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN INFORMATION

A. Required Academic Training Subjects by Category of Training.

    (See Sec. Sec.  121.1221; 121.1223; 121.1225; 121.1227; 121.1229;
121.1333; 121.1335; 121.1341; 121.1343; 121.1361; 121.1363; 121.1365;
121.1367; 121.1377; 121.1381; and 121.1391)
    1. Attachment 2 contains the Academic Training Segment
requirements.
    2. When differences and special training are required for academic
training, they will be additional training modules or new subjects. For
more information about differences and special training categories see
attachment 1 of this appendix.
    3. How to read Table 2A:
    (a) Table 2A contains the Required Academic Training Subjects by
Category of Training. In the table, an ``X'' indicates that the subject
must be included in the category of training. A ``9'' indicates that
the subject must be trained every 9 months. An ``18'' indicates that
the subject must be trained every 18 months.
    (b) Table 2A item (c)(3) addresses the training subject
``Coordination, communication, and methodology for the performance of
each normal, abnormal, and emergency procedure contained in the FCOM.''
For core upgrade, core conversion, phase I requalification, and
recurrent training all abnormal and emergency procedures are required.
However, only selected normal procedures are required. The selection of
normal procedures should be based on procedural changes, feedback from
observed procedural irregularities, and system safety initiatives.

END INFORMATION

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

BEGIN QPS REQUIREMENT

                                          Table 2A--Required Academic Training Subjects by Category of Training
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Full upgrade,       Core upgrade,