SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared March 2001.) 52 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 38.   Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade and state: Fall 1999 State or other area Total, all levels Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary unclassified Total Prekindergarten 1 Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States .............. 2 46,857,321 33,488,158 751,173 3,397,199 3,683,877 3,655,473 3,690,418 3,686,366 3,603,664 Alabama .......................... 2 740,732 538,687 2 10,548 56,120 61,517 59,203 60,033 60,012 58,381 Alaska .............................. 134,391 95,601 1,344 9,583 9,999 10,656 10,706 10,926 10,555 Arizona ............................ 852,612 623,561 1,772 67,051 72,471 71,161 71,060 70,418 67,853 Arkansas .......................... 451,034 317,714 1,425 34,218 34,640 35,062 35,586 35,707 35,020 California ......................... 2 6,038,589 4,336,687 2 85,991 459,771 484,535 485,130 488,981 489,356 464,380 Colorado .......................... 708,109 506,568 12,857 50,378 55,171 55,855 55,883 56,154 55,156 Connecticut ...................... 553,993 403,913 10,518 42,193 44,825 43,974 44,930 45,307 44,712 Delaware ......................... 112,836 80,274 716 7,779 9,502 9,061 8,826 8,685 8,555 District of Columbia ......... 77,194 59,917 4,774 6,617 7,325 6,972 6,702 6,070 5,584 Florida .............................. 2,381,396 1,725,493 53,783 174,953 184,482 186,014 189,501 190,744 188,093 Georgia ............................ 1,422,762 1,044,030 31,359 110,359 115,596 113,956 115,466 116,517 113,352 Hawaii .............................. 185,860 133,250 824 14,618 15,044 15,195 15,506 15,703 14,957 Idaho ................................ 245,331 168,822 2,158 17,024 18,400 18,437 18,618 19,125 18,719 Illinois ............................... 2,027,600 1,462,234 58,604 149,840 162,324 158,998 164,982 158,444 155,168 Indiana ............................. 988,702 699,221 4,997 70,438 80,167 78,764 79,409 79,139 77,709 Iowa ................................. 497,301 335,919 5,497 34,596 35,137 35,666 36,162 36,766 36,147 Kansas ............................. 472,188 325,818 2,811 30,845 34,639 34,692 35,002 35,722 35,393 Kentucky .......................... 648,180 458,607 15,609 46,373 3 48,840 3 48,581 3 49,011 49,962 48,870 Louisiana ......................... 756,579 548,019 16,818 56,021 63,106 58,478 58,718 57,735 56,296 Maine ............................... 209,253 148,774 1,101 14,274 15,296 15,716 15,950 16,530 16,695 Maryland .......................... 846,582 607,125 19,285 56,942 65,006 66,746 67,048 69,077 66,687 Massachusetts ................. 971,425 706,251 19,539 70,029 76,926 76,928 78,067 79,385 78,058 Michigan .......................... 2 1,725,617 1,244,586 2 24,573 128,060 130,947 129,924 132,547 133,215 127,190 Minnesota ........................ 854,034 580,363 9,234 58,952 60,984 61,957 62,842 64,934 64,484 Mississippi ....................... 500,716 365,357 1,549 37,906 43,318 40,396 40,462 40,151 38,182 Missouri ........................... 914,110 648,758 18,181 64,608 68,807 71,642 70,898 70,359 69,386 Montana ........................... 157,556 107,490 498 10,335 11,401 11,597 11,615 12,046 11,973 Nebraska ......................... 288,261 197,014 4,631 20,576 20,722 21,011 21,385 21,969 21,240 Nevada ............................ 325,610 239,625 2,043 25,163 27,421 27,723 27,807 27,660 26,347 New Hampshire ............... 206,783 146,854 1,711 9,048 16,676 16,505 16,685 17,275 17,214 New Jersey ...................... 1,289,256 953,766 14,194 89,520 101,868 99,708 100,808 100,361 98,921 New Mexico ..................... 324,495 228,592 3,127 22,557 25,349 25,276 25,732 25,573 25,511 New York ......................... 2,887,776 2,033,748 37,613 199,271 222,383 219,688 222,190 219,305 213,701 North Carolina ................. 1,275,925 934,725 8,515 101,816 107,314 105,677 105,888 104,658 103,195 North Dakota ................... 112,751 74,968 647 7,560 7,999 7,895 8,040 8,135 8,343 Ohio ................................. 1,836,554 1,296,450 23,239 130,141 144,279 140,846 142,816 142,337 140,478 Oklahoma ........................ 627,032 446,719 20,894 43,603 51,656 47,318 47,113 47,039 46,853 Oregon ............................. 545,033 378,474 611 37,232 40,529 41,920 42,894 43,348 43,036 Pennsylvania ................... 1,816,716 1,262,181 2,620 122,320 138,860 137,111 140,010 141,459 139,925 Rhode Island ................... 156,454 113,520 1,047 11,078 12,409 12,486 12,537 12,578 12,309 South Carolina ................. 666,780 483,725 16,330 46,274 53,410 52,860 53,616 49,323 53,859 South Dakota ................... 131,037 89,590 1,139 9,171 9,448 9,528 9,509 9,854 9,938 Tennessee ....................... 2 916,202 664,393 2 13,047 70,814 75,793 74,049 73,005 71,433 69,509 Texas ............................... 3,991,783 2,895,853 138,235 290,806 320,102 313,688 311,133 308,232 303,098 Utah ................................. 480,255 329,185 4,281 34,963 35,396 36,285 35,953 35,921 35,134 Vermont ........................... 104,559 72,276 2,491 6,893 7,273 7,462 7,772 7,965 8,168 Virginia ............................. 1,133,994 817,143 5,293 83,938 88,996 89,819 90,494 90,781 87,933 Washington ...................... 1,003,714 694,750 6,134 68,699 75,988 77,383 77,993 79,257 77,928 West Virginia ................... 291,811 203,475 6,176 21,216 21,800 21,736 22,117 21,928 21,729 Wisconsin ........................ 877,753 596,439 20,790 58,524 61,401 62,251 63,674 64,908 64,943 Wyoming .......................... 92,105 61,654 ( 4) 6,133 6,400 6,487 6,736 6,878 6,797 Bureau of Indian Affairs .. 49,076 37,450 ( 4) 4,614 4,418 4,412 4,172 4,134 4,158 Department of Defense dependents schools 5 ... 107,585 90,048 5,069 11,057 11,110 11,222 10,200 9,876 9,170 Outlying areas American Samoa ............. 15,477 11,899 1,399 1,170 1,312 1,264 1,172 1,157 1,161 Guam ............................... 32,951 24,151 584 2,756 2,310 2,860 2,734 2,813 2,663 Northern Marianas ........... 9,692 7,594 549 574 974 837 878 838 787 Puerto Rico ...................... 613,019 447,204 619 43,261 51,589 48,094 46,939 49,835 50,331 Virgin Islands ................... 20,866 14,821 ( 4) 1,368 1,546 1,656 1,740 1,669 1,565 53 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 38.   Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade and state: Fall 1999   Continued State or other area Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary unclassified Grades 9 through 12 and secondary unclassified Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Elementary unclassified Total Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Secondary unclassified 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 United States .............. 3,564,116 3,541,274 3,496,977 417,621 13,369,163 3,934,899 3,415,425 3,033,980 2,781,701 203,158 Alabama .......................... 57,703 58,969 56,201   202,045 61,150 52,304 46,015 42,576   Alaska .............................. 10,574 10,683 10,575   38,790 11,568 10,217 8,624 8,381   Arizona ............................ 67,086 66,236 65,338 3,115 229,051 68,646 60,489 51,771 47,907 238 Arkansas .......................... 34,397 35,267 35,403 989 133,320 36,657 35,081 31,839 29,316 427 California ......................... 451,810 439,075 431,730 55,928 1,701,902 482,355 444,161 401,348 347,914 26,124 Colorado .......................... 54,957 54,856 54,599 702 201,541 58,710 52,548 47,725 41,999 559 Connecticut ...................... 43,524 42,725 41,205   150,080 43,977 39,273 35,160 31,670   Delaware ......................... 9,014 9,179 8,957   32,562 10,150 8,618 7,304 6,490   District of Columbia ......... 4,539 4,331 4,408 2,595 17,277 5,289 4,113 3,550 2,897 1,428 Florida .............................. 189,813 186,536 181,574   655,903 223,743 177,234 138,667 116,259   Georgia ............................ 111,603 109,134 106,688   378,732 125,388 98,019 82,974 72,351   Hawaii .............................. 14,441 13,733 13,175 54 52,610 15,629 13,526 12,592 10,818 45 Idaho ................................ 18,909 18,827 18,589 16 76,509 20,062 19,833 18,715 17,899   Illinois ............................... 153,710 148,459 149,397 2,308 565,366 164,554 145,536 126,866 126,984 1,426 Indiana ............................. 76,745 74,743 74,540 2,570 289,481 81,049 73,532 68,054 64,647 2,199 Iowa ................................. 35,819 36,307 37,966 5,856 161,382 41,394 39,159 37,829 37,124 5,876 Kansas ............................. 35,757 36,205 36,759 7,993 146,370 39,683 36,769 34,333 32,344 3,241 Kentucky .......................... 47,662 48,983 48,427 3 6,289 189,573 56,678 47,647 43,483 39,111 3 2,654 Louisiana ......................... 57,910 58,997 55,710 8,230 208,560 63,869 52,925 46,144 42,344 3,278 Maine ............................... 16,946 17,003 17,493 1,770 60,479 17,036 15,565 14,237 13,022 619 Maryland .......................... 65,675 64,874 62,776 3,009 239,457 70,346 60,685 54,737 50,632 3,057 Massachusetts ................. 75,902 74,783 72,545 4,089 265,174 77,733 68,577 62,424 56,440   Michigan .......................... 123,673 124,554 122,548 67,355 481,031 135,896 117,408 104,634 96,295 26,798 Minnesota ........................ 64,547 64,724 67,705   273,671 71,222 69,030 66,375 67,044   Mississippi ....................... 37,822 38,850 37,344 9,377 135,359 39,404 34,047 29,391 26,500 6,017 Missouri ........................... 68,862 69,354 69,850 6,811 265,352 75,791 68,523 62,280 56,213 2,545 Montana ........................... 12,192 12,607 12,975 251 50,066 13,532 12,877 11,985 11,571 101 Nebraska ......................... 21,242 21,786 22,452   91,247 24,861 23,064 21,692 21,630   Nevada ............................ 25,591 24,911 24,268 691 85,985 24,618 22,660 20,549 18,139 19 New Hampshire ............... 17,130 17,249 16,793 568 59,929 17,520 15,297 14,317 12,734 61 New Jersey ...................... 96,113 92,672 88,757 70,844 335,490 89,234 80,654 73,096 69,647 22,859 New Mexico ..................... 24,997 25,148 25,322   95,903 29,307 25,601 22,054 18,941   New York ......................... 210,895 206,739 202,221 79,742 854,028 252,864 212,708 165,159 150,444 72,853 North Carolina ................. 101,621 99,477 96,542 22 341,200 111,493 88,455 75,694 65,558   North Dakota ................... 8,523 8,689 9,137   37,783 9,677 9,395 9,405 9,306   Ohio ................................. 140,117 141,628 140,706 9,863 540,104 156,492 134,736 127,991 120,885   Oklahoma ........................ 46,296 46,737 46,999 2,211 180,313 50,270 46,441 42,652 40,024 926 Oregon ............................. 42,023 42,041 42,721 2,119 166,559 45,619 43,201 40,083 36,827 829 Pennsylvania ................... 140,916 141,885 141,714 15,361 554,535 153,464 137,769 128,787 121,152 13,363 Rhode Island ................... 12,108 12,094 11,592 3,282 42,934 12,548 11,099 9,966 9,138 183 South Carolina ................. 53,544 52,908 51,601   183,055 62,883 47,592 36,109 36,471   South Dakota ................... 9,934 10,338 10,618 113 41,447 11,247 10,649 9,811 9,693 47 Tennessee ....................... 67,708 68,408 66,243 14,384 251,809 74,699 65,873 58,077 53,160   Texas ............................... 303,447 306,282 300,830   1,095,930 359,368 275,265 243,627 217,670   Utah ................................. 35,472 34,493 35,170 6,117 151,070 35,961 36,990 36,905 36,594 4,620 Vermont ........................... 8,035 8,040 8,177   32,283 8,748 8,356 7,795 7,014 370 Virginia ............................. 86,303 85,872 85,092 22,622 316,851 95,017 80,490 71,917 69,333 94 Washington ...................... 76,893 76,932 77,543   308,964 86,602 80,493 73,383 68,486   West Virginia ................... 21,558 22,459 22,409 347 88,336 23,876 22,049 21,142 20,982 287 Wisconsin ........................ 64,967 67,103 67,878   281,314 78,961 70,934 67,343 64,076   Wyoming .......................... 7,091 7,389 7,715 28 30,451 8,059 7,958 7,370 7,049 15 Bureau of Indian Affairs .. 3,975 3,876 3,691   11,626 4,001 3,238 2,422 1,965   Department of Defense dependents schools 5 ... 8,434 7,261 6,423 206 17,537 5,671 4,640 3,871 3,355   Outlying areas American Samoa ............. 1,086 1,131 1,047   3,578 1,059 926 825 725 43 Guam ............................... 2,543 2,446 2,442   8,800 3,457 2,234 1,717 1,392   Northern Marianas ........... 763 700 694   2,098 746 567 441 344   Puerto Rico ...................... 47,470 49,789 45,842 13,435 165,815 43,438 43,885 38,037 34,428 6,027 Virgin Islands ................... 1,534 2,033 1,540 170 6,045 2,052 1,569 1,187 1,096 141   Not available. 1 Data include imputations for nonrespondents. 2 Includes imputations for underreporting. 3 Data disaggregated from reported data. 4 No prekindergarten pupils reported. 5 Includes both overseas schools and domestic schools.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared February 2001.) 54 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 39.   Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade and state: Fall 1998 State or other area Total, all levels Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary unclassified Total Prekindergarten 1 Kindergarten Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States .............. 2 46,538,585 33,345,801 2 728,703 3,442,874 3,727,158 3,681,463 3,695,643 3,592,153 3,520,104 Alabama .......................... 2 747,980 542,350 2 10,341 58,055 63,634 60,341 60,458 58,610 57,436 Alaska .............................. 135,373 96,979 2,017 9,838 10,641 10,754 10,818 10,555 10,528 Arizona ............................ 848,262 622,747 5,209 65,312 72,179 71,669 70,193 67,764 66,336 Arkansas .......................... 452,256 319,232 1,390 34,120 36,162 35,599 35,822 35,034 34,211 California ......................... 2 5,926,037 4,269,926 2 81,926 459,262 485,781 487,454 489,702 462,241 451,602 Colorado .......................... 699,135 501,449 13,068 50,859 55,589 55,284 55,304 54,382 54,068 Connecticut ...................... 544,698 399,381 10,056 42,500 44,936 44,398 45,154 44,520 43,559 Delaware ......................... 113,262 79,955 602 8,025 9,307 8,996 8,674 8,538 8,834 District of Columbia ......... 71,889 56,712 4,831 6,446 7,094 6,772 6,101 5,607 4,608 Florida .............................. 2,337,633 1,704,024 53,969 174,470 184,802 186,394 188,445 186,203 182,770 Georgia ............................ 1,401,291 1,029,386 30,779 112,287 114,855 114,454 115,495 112,226 109,053 Hawaii .............................. 188,069 134,685 674 15,019 15,698 15,894 16,050 15,215 14,840 Idaho ................................ 244,722 168,604 2,123 17,318 18,623 18,449 18,901 18,510 18,753 Illinois ............................... 2,011,530 1,451,579 59,389 150,953 162,128 160,498 165,485 152,841 149,279 Indiana ............................. 989,001 697,247 5,557 71,996 81,488 79,714 78,841 77,667 75,763 Iowa ................................. 498,214 336,696 4,975 35,772 35,699 35,866 36,500 35,776 35,106 Kansas ............................. 472,353 327,474 2,595 31,279 35,472 35,061 35,599 35,197 35,357 Kentucky .......................... 655,687 464,348 16,864 46,900 3 51,179 3 50,308 3 50,479 48,707 46,599 Louisiana ......................... 768,734 558,473 16,486 58,922 62,808 59,447 58,493 57,476 56,507 Maine ............................... 211,051 151,440 1,078 14,745 16,046 15,918 16,380 16,587 16,971 Maryland .......................... 841,671 606,560 20,013 57,813 66,761 67,387 68,479 67,230 65,175 Massachusetts ................. 962,317 704,624 18,884 71,390 78,873 78,112 79,612 77,943 75,873 Michigan .......................... 2 1,720,287 1,245,321 2 23,782 131,021 133,023 134,126 134,512 127,655 123,216 Minnesota ........................ 856,455 586,719 9,116 61,023 62,038 62,358 64,678 64,101 64,024 Mississippi ....................... 502,379 365,497 1,548 39,509 43,366 41,017 40,376 38,471 37,974 Missouri ........................... 913,494 650,839 16,584 67,374 72,577 70,905 70,204 69,262 67,984 Montana ........................... 159,988 109,535 4 515 10,848 12,002 11,580 11,969 11,808 12,128 Nebraska ......................... 291,140 199,754 4,595 21,145 21,198 21,445 22,023 21,378 21,275 Nevada ............................ 311,061 229,275 2,140 23,986 27,167 27,001 26,734 25,629 24,759 New Hampshire ............... 204,713 146,722 1,586 8,831 17,388 16,520 17,152 16,959 16,886 New Jersey ...................... 1,268,996 936,428 10,560 90,689 101,808 100,091 100,289 97,881 93,982 New Mexico ..................... 328,753 232,485 2,932 23,759 26,101 25,935 25,677 25,701 25,446 New York ......................... 2,877,143 2,028,167 38,196 202,894 225,811 222,656 224,581 214,629 208,589 North Carolina ................. 1,254,821 920,838 7,610 102,603 107,679 105,581 104,907 102,456 99,282 North Dakota ................... 114,927 76,926 671 7,920 8,247 8,117 8,187 8,416 8,529 Ohio ................................. 1,842,163 1,301,025 22,373 134,981 146,068 142,894 143,048 140,467 138,250 Oklahoma ........................ 628,492 447,906 16,787 44,664 53,868 47,543 47,327 46,750 46,236 Oregon ............................. 542,809 379,770 547 37,530 41,912 42,764 43,005 42,784 41,966 Pennsylvania ................... 1,816,414 1,267,226 2,712 126,155 141,973 140,305 141,360 139,387 138,971 Rhode Island ................... 154,785 112,483 811 10,907 12,846 12,466 12,746 12,323 12,003 South Carolina ................. 2 664,600 477,858 2 9,188 47,160 54,402 53,492 49,338 53,929 52,675 South Dakota ................... 132,495 90,887 654 9,495 9,714 9,539 9,778 9,931 9,815 Tennessee ....................... 2 905,454 664,582 2 12,518 71,870 75,855 73,828 73,085 71,249 68,746 Texas ............................... 3,945,367 2,868,209 136,945 290,432 318,863 309,313 307,892 301,475 299,362 Utah ................................. 481,176 328,522 4,115 34,529 36,336 35,901 35,988 35,008 35,304 Vermont ........................... 105,120 73,257 2,377 6,976 7,584 7,739 7,932 8,165 7,970 Virginia ............................. 1,124,022 815,266 5,161 84,154 89,967 89,326 89,857 87,278 83,074 Washington ...................... 998,053 695,950 5,901 71,323 77,761 77,571 78,617 77,372 75,902 West Virginia ................... 297,530 205,840 5,822 21,821 22,560 22,355 22,119 21,732 21,402 Wisconsin ........................ 879,542 600,703 20,131 59,611 62,652 63,506 64,307 64,255 63,971 Wyoming .......................... 95,241 63,940 ( 5) 6,383 6,637 6,820 6,970 6,873 7,155 Department of Defense dependents schools, overseas schools ......... 78,170 63,209 975 7,584 8,336 7,725 7,710 7,229 6,645 Outlying areas American Samoa ............. 15,372 11,806 1,452 1,208 1,267 1,185 1,197 1,170 1,096 Guam ............................... 32,222 23,858 551 2,181 2,950 2,783 2,844 2,683 2,661 Northern Marianas ........... 9,498 7,420 526 624 913 826 839 791 783 Puerto Rico ...................... 613,862 451,943 1,037 44,106 51,599 48,247 50,419 51,337 49,561 Virgin Islands ................... 20,976 15,198 ( 5) 1,426 1,746 1,793 1,687 1,651 1,613 55 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 39.   Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade and state: Fall 1998   Continued State or other area Prekindergarten through grade 8 and elementary unclassified Grades 9 through 12 and secondary unclassified Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8 Elementary unclassified Total Grade 9 Grade 10 Grade 11 Grade 12 Secondary unclassified 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 United States .............. 3,496,812 3,529,620 3,480,371 450,900 13,192,784 3,856,464 3,382,134 3,020,899 2,721,709 211,578 Alabama .......................... 57,689 58,681 57,105   205,630 62,724 52,731 46,218 43,957   Alaska .............................. 10,399 10,932 10,497   38,394 11,442 9,749 8,800 8,403   Arizona ............................ 64,938 66,648 63,943 8,556 225,515 67,476 60,333 51,245 45,813 648 Arkansas .......................... 34,183 35,570 35,936 1,205 133,024 36,378 35,264 31,742 29,123 517 California ......................... 433,720 431,003 424,768 62,467 1,656,111 468,162 433,528 390,742 334,852 28,827 Colorado .......................... 54,053 54,589 53,556 697 197,686 58,265 51,622 47,173 40,076 550 Connecticut ...................... 42,167 41,837 40,254   145,317 43,140 37,682 34,058 30,437   Delaware ......................... 8,693 9,322 8,964   33,307 10,453 8,861 7,223 6,770   District of Columbia ......... 4,175 4,557 4,083 2,438 15,177 4,387 3,786 3,187 2,572 1,245 Florida .............................. 183,929 183,976 179,066   633,609 214,459 171,405 135,021 112,724   Georgia ............................ 108,517 106,857 104,863   371,905 123,055 95,755 81,968 71,127   Hawaii .............................. 14,292 13,610 13,339 54 53,384 16,125 13,981 12,848 10,384 46 Idaho ................................ 18,396 18,458 19,073   76,118 20,562 19,680 18,621 17,255   Illinois ............................... 151,150 148,980 148,529 2,347 559,951 161,476 140,486 129,037 127,506 1,446 Indiana ............................. 73,805 75,018 74,775 2,623 291,754 82,657 73,345 69,191 64,293 2,268 Iowa ................................. 35,429 37,529 38,374 5,670 161,518 40,741 39,652 38,275 37,166 5,684 Kansas ............................. 35,873 36,876 37,189 6,976 144,879 39,290 37,153 33,696 31,955 2,785 Kentucky .......................... 48,061 48,617 49,580 7,054 191,339 55,999 49,274 43,729 39,369 3 2,968 Louisiana ......................... 58,353 60,940 56,683 12,358 210,261 64,064 53,319 46,531 41,479 4,868 Maine ............................... 16,727 17,500 17,438 2,050 59,611 16,635 15,335 13,951 12,996 694 Maryland .......................... 64,561 63,379 62,174 3,588 235,111 68,672 59,651 53,890 49,321 3,577 Massachusetts ................. 74,131 73,148 72,101 4,557 257,693 74,668 66,456 61,200 55,369   Michigan .......................... 123,596 124,352 123,565 66,473 474,966 132,899 115,887 105,720 94,361 26,099 Minnesota ........................ 64,031 67,451 67,899   269,736 69,813 68,380 68,529 63,014   Mississippi ....................... 37,139 39,422 37,322 9,353 136,882 40,169 34,875 29,319 26,452 6,067 Missouri ........................... 68,541 70,216 69,965 7,227 262,655 73,989 68,955 60,881 56,165 2,665 Montana ........................... 12,444 12,984 12,994 263 50,453 13,655 12,816 12,266 11,611 105 Nebraska ......................... 21,603 22,367 22,725   91,386 24,901 22,865 22,103 21,517   Nevada ............................ 24,196 23,816 23,168 679 81,786 23,183 21,652 20,108 16,824 19 New Hampshire ............... 17,139 16,765 16,848 648 57,991 16,566 15,149 14,061 12,148 67 New Jersey ...................... 90,971 88,587 86,032 75,538 332,568 86,450 78,892 73,985 68,618 24,623 New Mexico ..................... 25,458 25,760 25,716   96,268 29,414 26,245 21,885 18,724   New York ......................... 204,177 204,605 200,097 81,932 848,976 247,917 212,054 166,183 148,315 74,507 North Carolina ................. 98,276 96,840 95,522 82 333,983 108,749 86,952 74,806 63,476   North Dakota ................... 8,474 9,044 9,321   38,001 9,696 9,664 9,559 9,082   Ohio ................................. 139,297 142,823 141,749 9,075 541,138 152,978 137,621 129,869 120,670   Oklahoma ........................ 46,702 47,840 47,933 2,256 180,586 50,328 47,393 43,152 38,769 944 Oregon ............................. 41,828 42,598 42,825 2,011 163,039 45,260 42,838 39,095 35,079 767 Pennsylvania ................... 138,900 142,621 138,766 16,076 549,188 149,158 139,026 128,366 118,850 13,788 Rhode Island ................... 11,831 11,777 11,372 3,401 42,302 12,504 10,864 10,018 8,727 189 South Carolina ................. 52,690 53,284 51,700   186,742 63,683 46,768 39,654 36,637   South Dakota ................... 10,250 10,718 10,841 152 41,608 11,302 10,515 10,208 9,521 62 Tennessee ....................... 67,336 68,684 66,468 14,943 240,872 72,169 63,426 55,837 49,440   Texas ............................... 300,246 303,921 299,760   1,077,158 350,743 273,161 240,751 212,503   Utah ................................. 34,356 35,151 35,559 6,275 152,654 36,598 37,415 38,138 35,706 4,797 Vermont ........................... 8,124 8,190 8,200   31,863 9,016 8,189 7,494 6,823 341 Virginia ............................. 84,594 84,975 85,348 31,532 308,756 90,241 79,387 71,212 67,787 129 Washington ...................... 76,162 78,001 77,340   302,103 85,131 79,208 71,982 65,782   West Virginia ................... 22,082 22,997 22,623 327 91,690 24,061 23,446 22,562 21,344 277 Wisconsin ........................ 65,788 68,001 68,481   278,839 76,660 71,273 67,146 63,760   Wyoming .......................... 7,340 7,803 7,942 17 31,301 8,401 8,170 7,664 7,057 9 Department of Defense dependents schools, overseas schools ......... 6,169 5,665 5,171   14,961 4,731 4,021 3,388 2,821   Outlying areas American Samoa ............. 1,147 1,080 1,004   3,566 1,034 932 814 741 45 Guam ............................... 2,467 2,468 2,270   8,364 3,002 2,278 1,656 1,428   Northern Marianas ........... 815 653 650   2,078 761 567 398 352   Puerto Rico ...................... 47,714 51,079 46,399 10,445 161,919 43,666 43,110 38,320 32,289 4,534 Virgin Islands ................... 1,603 2,062 1,520 97 5,778 2,178 1,322 1,204 999 75   Not available. 1 Data include imputations for nonrespondents. 2 Includes imputations for underreporting. 3 Data disaggregated from reported data. 4 Some prekindergarten pupils reported with kindergarten enrollment. 5 No prekindergarten pupils reported.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared March 2001.) 56 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 40.   Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade: Fall 1985 to fall 1999 Grade Fall 1985 Fall 1986 Fall 1987 Fall 1988 Fall 1989 Fall 1990 Fall 1991 Fall 1992 Fall 1993 Fall 1994 Fall 1995 Fall 1996 Fall 1997 Fall 1998 Fall 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 In thousands All grades ............... 39,422 39,753 40,008 40,189 40,543 41,217 42,047 42,823 43,465 44,111 44,840 45,611 46,127 46,539 46,857 Elementary ..................... 27,034 27,420 27,933 28,501 29,152 29,878 30,506 31,088 31,504 31,898 32,341 32,764 33,073 33,346 33,488 Prekindergarten ......... 151 183 193 225 262 303 375 505 545 603 637 670 695 729 751 Kindergarten .............. 3,041 3,127 3,196 3,208 3,225 3,306 3,311 3,313 3,377 3,444 3,536 3,532 3,503 3,443 3,397 1st grade .................... 3,239 3,358 3,407 3,460 3,485 3,499 3,556 3,542 3,529 3,593 3,671 3,770 3,755 3,727 3,684 2nd grade .................. 2,941 3,054 3,173 3,223 3,289 3,327 3,360 3,431 3,429 3,440 3,507 3,600 3,689 3,681 3,655 3rd grade ................... 2,895 2,933 3,046 3,167 3,235 3,297 3,334 3,361 3,437 3,439 3,445 3,524 3,597 3,696 3,690 4th grade ................... 2,771 2,896 2,938 3,051 3,182 3,248 3,315 3,342 3,361 3,426 3,431 3,454 3,507 3,592 3,686 5th grade ................... 2,776 2,775 2,901 2,945 3,067 3,197 3,268 3,325 3,350 3,372 3,438 3,453 3,458 3,520 3,604 6th grade ................... 2,789 2,806 2,811 2,937 2,987 3,110 3,239 3,303 3,356 3,381 3,395 3,494 3,492 3,497 3,564 7th grade ................... 2,938 2,899 2,910 2,905 3,027 3,067 3,181 3,299 3,355 3,404 3,422 3,464 3,520 3,530 3,541 8th grade ................... 2,982 2,870 2,839 2,853 2,853 2,979 3,020 3,129 3,249 3,302 3,356 3,403 3,415 3,480 3,497 Elementary ungraded 511 520 520 527 540 543 545 539 515 494 502 401 442 451 418 Secondary ...................... 12,388 12,333 12,076 11,687 11,390 11,338 11,541 11,735 11,961 12,213 12,500 12,847 13,054 13,193 13,369 9th grade ................... 3,439 3,256 3,143 3,106 3,141 3,169 3,313 3,352 3,487 3,604 3,704 3,801 3,819 3,856 3,935 10th grade ................. 3,230 3,215 3,020 2,895 2,868 2,896 2,915 3,027 3,050 3,131 3,237 3,323 3,376 3,382 3,415 11th grade ................. 2,866 2,954 2,936 2,749 2,629 2,612 2,645 2,656 2,751 2,748 2,826 2,930 2,972 3,021 3,034 12th grade ................. 2,550 2,601 2,681 2,650 2,473 2,381 2,392 2,431 2,424 2,488 2,487 2,586 2,673 2,722 2,782 Secondary ungraded 303 308 296 288 279 282 275 269 248 242 245 206 214 212 203 Percentage distribution All grades ............... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Elementary ..................... 68.6 69.0 69.8 70.9 71.9 72.5 72.6 72.6 72.5 72.3 72.1 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.5 Prekindergarten ......... 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 Kindergarten .............. 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.3 1st grade .................... 8.2 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.3 8.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.1 8.0 7.9 2nd grade .................. 7.5 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.8 3rd grade ................... 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.9 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.9 4th grade ................... 7.0 7.3 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9 5th grade ................... 7.0 7.0 7.2 7.3 7.6 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6 7.7 6th grade ................... 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.6 7th grade ................... 7.5 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 8th grade ................... 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.0 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.5 Elementary ungraded 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 Secondary ...................... 31.4 31.0 30.2 29.1 28.1 27.5 27.4 27.4 27.5 27.7 27.9 28.2 28.3 28.3 28.5 9th grade ................... 8.7 8.2 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.9 7.8 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.4 10th grade ................. 8.2 8.1 7.5 7.2 7.1 7.0 6.9 7.1 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 11th grade ................. 7.3 7.4 7.3 6.8 6.5 6.3 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.4 6.5 6.5 12th grade ................. 6.5 6.5 6.7 6.6 6.1 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.6 5.5 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.9 Secondary ungraded 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 NOTE: Because of changes in reporting practices and imputation of data for nonrespondents in later years, data for prekindergarten enrollment are not comparable over time. Some data revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems; and Common Core of Data surveys. ( This table was prepared January 2001.) 57 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 41.   Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969   70 to 1998   99 State or other area 1969   70 1979   80 1980   81 1989   90 1990   91 1995   96 1996   97 1997   98 1998   99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States ........ 41,934,376 38,288,911 37,703,744 37,799,296 38,426,543 41,501,596 42,262,004 42,765,774 43,187,202 Alabama .................... 777,123 711,432 701,925 683,833 682,524 687,076 700,837 703,343 704,001 Alaska ........................ 72,489 79,945 83,745 98,213 102,585 115,958 117,549 120,420 123,535 Arizona ...................... 391,526 481,905 476,149 557,252 573,140 684,740 714,021 730,292 757,150 Arkansas ................... 414,158 423,610 417,080 403,025 408,145 423,520 428,525 429,960 431,609 California ................... 4,418,423 4,044,736 4,014,917 4,893,341 5,065,647 5,351,475 5,524,108 5,652,714 5,687,118 Colorado .................... 500,388 513,475 508,750 519,419 521,899 608,633 624,546 637,278 648,378 Connecticut ............... 618,881 507,362 501,085 439,524 450,808 495,188 508,112 516,750 527,623 Delaware ................... 120,819 94,058 89,609 89,838 91,052 99,941 101,067 104,328 104,699 District of Columbia ... 138,600 91,576 85,773 71,468 69,092 71,001 70,181 70,160 65,378 Florida ....................... 1,312,693 1,464,461 1,389,487 1,646,583 1,714,394 1,947,777 2,007,876 2,059,923 2,100,655 Georgia ...................... 1,019,427 989,433 988,612 1,054,097 1,075,728 1,232,852 1,266,805 1,282,487 1,306,564 Hawaii ........................ 168,140 151,563 151,713 157,360 160,193 171,977 172,061 173,566 172,038 Idaho ......................... 170,920 189,199 190,144 203,987 209,085 228,371 230,480 230,209 230,481 Illinois ........................ 2,084,844 1,770,435 1,765,357 1,587,733 1,618,101 1,750,417 1,787,306 1,753,953 1,772,237 Indiana ....................... 1,111,043 983,444 944,424 884,568 888,177 909,553 916,717 918,764 923,945 Iowa ........................... 624,403 510,081 501,403 450,224 456,614 477,053 477,221 477,417 475,034 Kansas ...................... 470,296 382,019 374,451 388,986 397,609 416,674 417,079 419,015 423,568 Kentucky .................... 647,970 619,868 614,676 569,795 569,713 571,934 570,431 569,694 568,603 Louisiana ................... 776,555 727,601 715,844 727,125 720,551 710,925 720,580 713,931 708,576 Maine ......................... 225,146 211,400 207,554 195,089 196,229 200,700 199,515 198,007 196,403 Maryland .................... 785,989 686,336 664,866 620,617 637,370 719,433 733,029 748,021 783,944 Massachusetts .......... 1,056,207 935,960 950,675 763,231 770,802 845,270 875,720 889,433 908,354 Michigan .................... 1,991,235 1,758,427 1,711,139 1,446,996 1,452,700 1,554,358 1,544,204 1,555,459 1,570,283 Minnesota .................. 864,595 748,606 710,836 699,001 714,072 786,241 798,492 802,455 812,482 Mississippi ................. 524,623 454,401 446,515 476,048 474,029 470,657 472,066 473,144 470,765 Missouri ..................... 906,132 777,269 756,536 729,693 733,680 805,404 820,185 831,307 836,555 Montana .................... 162,664 144,608 141,641 135,406 138,341 148,616 147,626 144,107 141,198 Nebraska ................... 314,516 270,524 263,797 254,754 257,587 270,938 263,828 264,844 265,653 Nevada ...................... 113,421 134,995 138,481 173,149 185,755 243,718 258,888 272,786 292,885 New Hampshire ......... 140,203 154,187 150,316 154,915 156,579 187,067 188,256 191,333 194,250 New Jersey ............... 1,322,124 1,140,111 1,121,272 997,561 1,016,159 1,125,877 1,152,855 1,178,223 1,197,828 New Mexico ............... 259,997 253,453 240,496 290,245 291,215 330,851 333,230 333,075 333,439 New York ................... 3,099,192 2,530,289 2,475,055 2,244,110 2,278,531 2,463,349 2,509,622 2,541,022 2,557,030 North Carolina ........... 1,104,295 1,072,150 1,055,651 1,012,274 1,012,613 1,096,812 1,122,240 1,146,519 1,165,885 North Dakota ............. 141,961 118,986 111,759 109,659 109,691 111,870 111,102 111,978 107,458 Ohio ........................... 2,246,282 1,849,283 1,801,914 1,584,735 1,603,025 1,661,014 1,680,044 1,681,773 1,673,309 Oklahoma .................. 560,993 548,065 542,800 543,170 548,387 574,538 580,572 582,459 586,310 Oregon ...................... 436,736 418,593 417,009 419,771 431,806 462,108 468,775 472,908 475,898 Pennsylvania ............. 2,169,225 1,808,630 1,754,782 1,524,839 1,542,077 1,651,741 1,668,163 1,682,615 1,686,098 Rhode Island ............. 163,205 139,195 135,096 125,934 129,856 137,870 138,671 140,906 141,881 South Carolina ........... 600,292 569,612 580,132 569,029 573,138 605,526 613,761 621,508 626,199 South Dakota ............ 158,543 124,934 121,663 119,823 121,403 127,754 127,387 125,939 124,129 Tennessee ................. 836,010 806,696 797,237 761,766 767,738 819,831 827,308 836,120 840,188 Texas ......................... 2,432,420 2,608,817 2,647,288 3,075,333 3,085,648 3,435,010 3,516,175 3,585,364 3,640,540 Utah ........................... 287,405 312,813 323,048 408,917 417,609 444,679 450,592 450,381 452,379 Vermont ..................... 97,772 95,045 90,884 87,832 88,901 100,166 100,136 99,967 99,282 Virginia ...................... 995,580 955,105 938,794 989,197 1,011,513 1,098,862 1,117,402 1,134,876 1,164,595 Washington ............... 764,735 710,929 704,655 755,141 781,371 888,142 903,870 916,215 924,636 West Virginia ............. 372,278 353,264 351,823 301,947 300,067 285,548 283,391 281,136 276,839 Wisconsin .................. 880,609 770,554 743,505 711,466 731,088 799,391 807,668 817,795 821,176 Wyoming ................... 81,293 89,471 91,381 91,277 92,506 93,190 91,729 89,895 88,139 Outlying areas American Samoa .......       11,448 12,272 14,074 14,114 14,750 14,905 Guam ......................... 20,315   22,343 23,883 25,330 31,998 30,555 31,916   Northern Marianas ....       6,809 6,062 7,511 7,784 8,055 8,446 Puerto Rico ...............   656,709 671,661 597,436 597,418 548,788 538,878 543,164 536,875 Virgin Islands .............     23,312 18,924 19,984 19,867 19,474 19,430 18,988   Not available.

NOTE: Data for California are not strictly comparable with those for other states because California's attendance figures through 1990   91 include excused absences. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education; Statistics of State School Systems; and Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared May 2001.) 58 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 42.   Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ ethnicity and state: Fall 1986 and fall 1999 State or other area Percent distribution, fall 1986 Percent distribution, fall 1999 Total White 1 Black 1 Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native Total White 1 Black 1 Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander American Indian/ Alaskan Native 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United States ........... 100.0 70.4 16.1 9.9 2.8 0.9 100.0 62.1 17.2 15.6 4.0 1.2 Alabama ....................... 100.0 62.0 37.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 100.0 61.1 36.4 1.1 0.7 0.7 Alaska ........................... 100.0 65.7 4.3 1.7 3.3 25.1 100.0 62.2 4.5 3.2 5.2 24.9 Arizona ......................... 100.0 62.2 4.0 26.4 1.3 6.1 100.0 54.0 4.6 32.7 1.9 6.8 Arkansas ....................... 100.0 74.7 24.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 100.0 72.2 23.5 3.0 0.9 0.5 California ...................... 100.0 53.7 9.0 27.5 9.1 0.7 100.0 37.0 8.6 42.4 11.1 0.9 Colorado ....................... 100.0 78.7 4.5 13.7 2.0 1.0 100.0 69.5 5.7 20.8 2.8 1.2 Connecticut ................... 100.0 77.2 12.1 8.9 1.5 0.2 100.0 70.5 13.7 12.8 2.7 0.3 Delaware ...................... 100.0 68.3 27.7 2.5 1.4 0.2 100.0 61.6 30.6 5.4 2.2 0.2 District of Columbia ...... 100.0 4.0 91.1 3.9 0.9 0.1 100.0 4.1 86.2 8.3 1.5 ( 2) Florida ........................... 100.0 65.4 23.7 9.5 1.2 0.2 100.0 54.3 25.4 18.2 1.9 0.3 Georgia ......................... 100.0 60.7 37.9 0.6 0.8 ( 2) 100.0 55.5 38.2 4.0 2.1 0.2 Hawaii ........................... 100.0 23.5 2.3 2.2 71.7 0.3 100.0 20.5 2.4 4.6 72.2 0.4 Idaho ............................. 100.0 92.6 0.3 4.9 0.8 1.3 100.0 86.7 0.8 10.0 1.2 1.3 Illinois ............................ 100.0 69.8 18.7 9.2 2.3 0.1 100.0 60.7 21.3 14.6 3.3 0.2 Indiana .......................... 100.0 88.7 9.0 1.7 0.5 0.1 100.0 84.3 11.5 3.1 0.9 0.2 Iowa .............................. 100.0 94.6 3.0 0.9 1.2 0.3 100.0 90.8 3.8 3.2 1.7 0.5 Kansas .......................... 100.0 85.6 7.6 4.4 1.9 0.6 100.0 79.7 8.7 8.3 2.1 1.2 Kentucky ....................... 100.0 89.2 10.2 0.1 0.5 ( 2) 100.0 88.1 10.5 0.8 0.5 0.1 Louisiana ...................... 100.0 56.5 41.3 0.8 1.1 0.3 100.0 49.2 47.6 1.3 1.3 0.6 Maine ............................ 100.0 98.3 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.2 100.0 96.8 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.7 Maryland ....................... 100.0 59.7 35.3 1.7 3.1 0.2 100.0 54.3 36.8 4.4 4.2 0.3 Massachusetts .............. 100.0 83.7 7.4 6.0 2.8 0.1 100.0 76.6 8.6 10.2 4.3 0.3 Michigan ....................... 100.0 76.4 19.8 1.8 1.2 0.8 100.0 74.4 19.6 3.2 1.7 1.0 Minnesota ..................... 100.0 93.9 2.1 0.9 1.7 1.5 100.0 84.0 6.2 2.9 4.9 2.0 Mississippi .................... 100.0 43.9 55.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 100.0 47.5 51.0 0.6 0.6 0.1 Missouri ........................ 100.0 83.4 14.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 100.0 79.7 17.3 1.6 1.1 0.3 Montana ........................ 100.0 92.7 0.3 0.9 0.5 5.5 100.0 86.5 0.6 1.7 0.9 10.4 Nebraska ...................... 100.0 91.4 4.4 2.4 0.8 1.0 100.0 86.0 5.7 5.7 1.3 1.3 Nevada ......................... 100.0 77.4 9.6 7.5 3.2 2.3 100.0 58.9 10.1 23.9 5.4 1.8 New Hampshire ............ 100.0 98.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.1 100.0 95.9 1.1 1.6 1.2 0.2 New Jersey ................... 100.0 69.1 17.4 10.7 2.7 0.1 100.0 60.8 18.1 14.9 6.1 0.2 New Mexico .................. 100.0 43.1 2.3 45.1 0.8 8.7 100.0 36.2 2.3 49.4 1.1 11.0 New York ...................... 100.0 68.4 16.5 12.3 2.7 0.2 100.0 55.2 20.3 18.3 5.8 0.4 North Carolina .............. 100.0 68.4 28.9 0.4 0.6 1.7 100.0 61.8 31.3 3.7 1.8 1.5 North Dakota ................ 100.0 92.4 0.6 1.1 0.8 5.0 100.0 89.4 0.9 1.3 0.8 7.6 Ohio .............................. 100.0 83.1 15.0 1.0 0.7 0.1 100.0 81.1 16.1 1.6 1.1 0.1 Oklahoma ..................... 100.0 79.0 7.8 1.6 1.0 10.6 100.0 66.2 10.7 5.4 1.4 16.3 Oregon .......................... 100.0 89.8 2.2 3.9 2.4 1.7 100.0 81.9 2.8 9.5 3.8 2.1 Pennsylvania ................ 100.0 84.4 12.6 1.8 1.2 0.1 100.0 78.8 14.9 4.2 1.9 0.1 Rhode Island ................ 100.0 87.9 5.6 3.7 2.4 0.3 100.0 75.5 7.7 13.1 3.2 0.5 South Carolina .............. 100.0 54.6 44.5 0.2 0.6 0.1 100.0 55.2 42.2 1.5 0.9 0.2 South Dakota ................ 100.0 90.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 7.6 100.0 87.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 9.8 Tennessee .................... 100.0 76.5 22.6 0.2 0.6 ( 2) 100.0 72.9 24.4 1.5 1.1 0.2 Texas ............................ 100.0 51.0 14.4 32.5 2.0 0.2 100.0 43.1 14.4 39.6 2.6 0.3 Utah .............................. 100.0 93.7 0.4 3.0 1.5 1.5 100.0 86.9 0.9 8.0 2.6 1.6 Vermont ........................ 100.0 98.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.6 100.0 96.8 1.0 0.5 1.1 0.5 Virginia .......................... 100.0 72.6 23.7 1.0 2.6 0.1 100.0 64.3 27.2 4.3 3.9 0.3 Washington ................... 100.0 84.5 4.2 3.8 5.1 2.3 100.0 75.3 5.2 9.6 7.2 2.7 West Virginia ................ 100.0 95.9 3.7 0.1 0.3 ( 2) 100.0 94.8 4.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 Wisconsin ..................... 100.0 86.6 8.9 1.9 1.7 1.0 100.0 81.4 9.8 4.1 3.2 1.4 Wyoming ....................... 100.0 90.7 0.9 5.9 0.6 1.9 100.0 88.4 1.0 6.8 0.8 2.9 Bureau of Indian Affairs             100.0         100.0 Department of Defense dependents schools ..             100.0 59.4 21.4 7.5 10.8 1.0 Outlying areas American Samoa ..........             100.0       100.0   Guam ............................             100.0 1.9 0.4 0.2 97.4 0.1 Northern Marianas ........             100.0 0.7     99.3   Puerto Rico ...................             100.0     100.0     Virgin Islands ................             100.0 0.9 83.6 15.2 0.1 0.1   Not available. 1 Excludes persons of Hispanic origin. 2 Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE: The 1986   87 data were derived from the 1986 Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights sample survey of public school districts. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office for Civil Rights, 1986 State Summaries of Elementary and Secondary School Civil Rights Survey; and National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared May 2001.) 59 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 43.   Enrollment of 3, 4, and 5 year old children in preprimary programs, by level and control of program and by attendance status: October 1965 to October 2000 [ In thousands]

Year and age Total population, 3 to 5 years old Enrollment by level and control Enrollment by attendance Total Percent enrolled Nursery school Kindergarten Full day Part day Percent full day Public Private Public Private 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total, 3 to 5 years old 1965 ............................................................................. 12,549 3,407 ( 87) 27.1 ( 0.7) 127 393 2,291 596         1970 ............................................................................. 10,949 4,104 ( 71) 37.5 ( 0.7) 332 762 2,498 511 698 ( 36) 3,405 17.0 1975 ............................................................................. 10,185 4,955 ( 71) 48.7 ( 0.7) 570 1,174 2,682 528 1,295 ( 47) 3,659 26.1 1980 ............................................................................. 9,284 4,878 ( 69) 52.5 ( 0.7) 628 1,353 2,438 459 1,551 ( 51) 3,327 31.8 1984 ............................................................................. 10,612 5,480 ( 77) 51.6 ( 0.7) 742 1,593 2,668 476 1,929 ( 60) 3,550 35.2 1985 ............................................................................. 10,733 5,865 ( 78) 54.6 ( 0.7) 846 1,631 2,847 541 2,144 ( 62) 3,722 36.6 1986 ............................................................................. 10,866 5,971 ( 78) 55.0 ( 0.7) 829 1,715 2,859 567 2,241 ( 63) 3,730 37.5 1987 ............................................................................. 10,872 5,931 ( 78) 54.6 ( 0.7) 819 1,736 2,842 534 2,090 ( 62) 3,841 35.2 1988 ............................................................................. 10,993 5,978 ( 87) 54.4 ( 0.8) 851 1,770 2,875 481 2,044 ( 68) 3,935 34.2 1989 ............................................................................. 11,039 6,026 ( 87) 54.6 ( 0.8) 930 1,894 2,704 497 2,238 ( 70) 3,789 37.1 1990 ............................................................................. 11,207 6,659 ( 82) 59.4 ( 0.7) 1,199 2,180 2,772 509 2,577 ( 71) 4,082 38.7 1991 ............................................................................. 11,370 6,334 ( 84) 55.7 ( 0.7) 996 1,828 2,967 543 2,408 ( 69) 3,926 38.0 1992 ............................................................................. 11,545 6,402 ( 85) 55.5 ( 0.7) 1,073 1,783 2,995 550 2,410 ( 69) 3,992 37.6 1993 ............................................................................. 11,954 6,581 ( 86) 55.1 ( 0.7) 1,205 1,779 3,020 577 2,642 ( 72) 3,939 40.1 1994 1 .......................................................................... 12,328 7,514 ( 86) 61.0 ( 0.7) 1,848 2,314 2,819 534 3,468 ( 80) 4,046 46.2 1995 1 .......................................................................... 12,518 7,739 ( 87) 61.8 ( 0.7) 1,950 2,381 2,800 608 3,689 ( 81) 4,051 47.7 1996 1 .......................................................................... 12,378 7,580 ( 90) 61.2 ( 0.7) 1,830 2,317 2,853 580 3,562 ( 83) 4,019 47.0 1997 1 .......................................................................... 12,121 7,860 ( 87) 64.9 ( 0.7) 2,207 2,231 2,847 575 3,922 ( 85) 3,939 49.9 1998 1 .......................................................................... 12,078 7,788 ( 87) 64.5 ( 0.7) 2,213 2,299 2,674 602 3,959 ( 85) 3,829 50.8 1999 1 .......................................................................... 11,920 7,844 ( 86) 65.8 ( 0.7) 2,209 2,298 2,777 560 4,154 ( 86) 3,690 53.0 2000 1 .......................................................................... 11,858 7,592 ( 86) 64.0 ( 0.7) 2,146 2,180 2,701 565 4,008 ( 85) 3,584 52.8 3 years old 1965 ............................................................................. 4,149 203 ( 24) 4.9 ( 0.6) 41 153 5 4         1970 ............................................................................. 3,516 454 ( 28) 12.9 ( 0.8) 110 322 12 10 142 ( 16) 312 31.3 1975 ............................................................................. 3,177 683 ( 33) 21.5 ( 1.0) 179 474 11 18 259 ( 22) 423 37.9 1980 ............................................................................. 3,143 857 ( 36) 27.3 ( 1.1) 221 604 16 17 321 ( 24) 536 37.5 1984 ............................................................................. 3,609 1,004 ( 41) 27.8 ( 1.1) 295 658 30 22 401 ( 28) 603 39.9 1985 ............................................................................. 3,594 1,035 ( 41) 28.8 ( 1.1) 278 679 52 26 350 ( 27) 685 33.8 1986 ............................................................................. 3,607 1,041 ( 41) 28.9 ( 1.1) 257 737 26 21 399 ( 28) 642 38.3 1987 ............................................................................. 3,569 1,022 ( 41) 28.6 ( 1.1) 264 703 24 31 378 ( 28) 644 37.0 1988 ............................................................................. 3,719 1,027 ( 45) 27.6 ( 1.2) 298 678 24 26 369 ( 30) 658 35.9 1989 ............................................................................. 3,713 1,005 ( 45) 27.1 ( 1.2) 277 707 3 18 390 ( 31) 615 38.8 1990 ............................................................................. 3,692 1,205 ( 45) 32.6 ( 1.2) 347 840 11 7 447 ( 31) 758 37.1 1991 ............................................................................. 3,811 1,074 ( 44) 28.2 ( 1.2) 313 702 38 22 388 ( 30) 687 36.1 1992 ............................................................................. 3,905 1,081 ( 44) 27.7 ( 1.1) 336 685 26 34 371 ( 29) 711 34.3 1993 ............................................................................. 4,053 1,097 ( 45) 27.1 ( 1.1) 369 687 20 20 426 ( 31) 670 38.9 1994 1 .......................................................................... 4,081 1,385 ( 48) 33.9 ( 1.2) 469 887 19 9 670 ( 38) 715 48.4 1995 1 .......................................................................... 4,148 1,489 ( 49) 35.9 ( 1.2) 511 947 15 17 754 ( 40) 736 50.6 1996 1 .......................................................................... 4,045 1,506 ( 51) 37.2 ( 1.3) 511 947 22 26 657 ( 39) 848 43.7 1997 1 .......................................................................... 3,947 1,528 ( 51) 38.7 ( 1.3) 643 843 25 18 754 ( 41) 774 49.4 1998 1 .......................................................................... 3,989 1,498 ( 51) 37.6 ( 1.3) 587 869 27 14 735 ( 40) 763 49.1 1999 1 .......................................................................... 3,862 1,505 ( 50) 39.0 ( 1.3) 621 859 13 12 773 ( 41) 732 51.3 2000 1 .......................................................................... 3,929 1,541 ( 51) 39.2 ( 1.3) 644 854 27 16 761 ( 41) 779 49.4 4 years old 1965 ............................................................................. 4,238 683 ( 42) 16.1 ( 1.0) 68 213 284 118         1970 ............................................................................. 3,620 1,007 ( 38) 27.8 ( 1.1) 176 395 318 117 230 ( 21) 776 22.8 1975 ............................................................................. 3,499 1,418 ( 41) 40.5 ( 1.2) 332 644 313 129 411 ( 27) 1,008 29.0 1980 ............................................................................. 3,072 1,423 ( 40) 46.3 ( 1.3) 363 701 239 120 467 ( 28) 956 32.8 1984 ............................................................................. 3,579 1,603 ( 45) 44.8 ( 1.3) 376 860 257 110 521 ( 32) 1,082 32.5 1985 ............................................................................. 3,598 1,766 ( 45) 49.1 ( 1.3) 496 859 276 135 643 ( 35) 1,123 36.4 1986 ............................................................................. 3,616 1,772 ( 45) 49.0 ( 1.3) 498 903 257 115 622 ( 34) 1,150 35.1 1987 ............................................................................. 3,597 1,717 ( 45) 47.7 ( 1.3) 431 881 280 125 548 ( 32) 1,169 31.9 1988 ............................................................................. 3,598 1,768 ( 50) 49.1 ( 1.4) 481 922 261 104 519 ( 35) 1,249 29.4 1989 ............................................................................. 3,692 1,882 ( 51) 51.0 ( 1.4) 524 1,055 202 100 592 ( 37) 1,290 31.4 1990 ............................................................................. 3,723 2,087 ( 48) 56.1 ( 1.3) 695 1,144 157 91 716 ( 38) 1,371 34.3 1991 ............................................................................. 3,763 1,994 ( 48) 53.0 ( 1.3) 584 982 287 140 667 ( 37) 1,326 33.5 1992 ............................................................................. 3,807 1,982 ( 49) 52.1 ( 1.3) 602 971 282 126 632 ( 36) 1,350 31.9 1993 ............................................................................. 4,044 2,178 ( 50) 53.9 ( 1.2) 719 957 349 154 765 ( 39) 1,413 35.1 1994 1 .......................................................................... 4,202 2,532 ( 51) 60.3 ( 1.2) 1,020 1,232 198 82 1,095 ( 45) 1,438 43.2 1995 1 .......................................................................... 4,145 2,553 ( 50) 61.6 ( 1.2) 1,054 1,208 207 84 1,104 ( 45) 1,449 43.3 1996 1 .......................................................................... 4,148 2,454 ( 52) 59.2 ( 1.3) 1,029 1,168 180 77 1,034 ( 46) 1,420 42.1 1997 1 .......................................................................... 4,033 2,665 ( 50) 66.1 ( 1.2) 1,197 1,169 207 92 1,161 ( 47) 1,505 43.5 1998 1 .......................................................................... 4,002 2,666 ( 49) 66.6 ( 1.2) 1,183 1,219 210 53 1,179 ( 48) 1,487 44.2 1999 1 .......................................................................... 4,021 2,769 ( 48) 68.9 ( 1.2) 1,212 1,227 207 122 1,355 ( 49) 1,414 48.9 2000 1 .......................................................................... 3,940 2,556 ( 49) 64.9 ( 1.3) 1,144 1,121 227 65 1,182 ( 48) 1,374 46.2 5 years old 2 1965 ............................................................................. 4,162 2,521 ( 55) 60.6 ( 1.3) 18 27 2,002 474         1970 ............................................................................. 3,814 2,643 ( 40) 69.3 ( 1.1) 45 45 2,168 384 326 ( 24) 2,317 12.3 1975 ............................................................................. 3,509 2,854 ( 33) 81.3 ( 0.9) 59 57 2,358 381 625 ( 32) 2,228 21.9 1980 ............................................................................. 3,069 2,598 ( 29) 84.7 ( 0.9) 44 48 2,183 322 763 ( 34) 1,835 29.4 1984 ............................................................................. 3,423 2,872 ( 32) 83.9 ( 0.9) 72 76 2,381 344 1,007 ( 40) 1,865 35.1 1985 ............................................................................. 3,542 3,065 ( 31) 86.5 ( 0.9) 73 94 2,519 379 1,151 ( 42) 1,914 37.6 1986 ............................................................................. 3,643 3,157 ( 31) 86.7 ( 0.8) 75 75 2,576 432 1,220 ( 43) 1,937 38.6 1987 ............................................................................. 3,706 3,192 ( 32) 86.1 ( 0.9) 124 152 2,538 378 1,163 ( 43) 2,028 36.4 1988 ............................................................................. 3,676 3,184 ( 34) 86.6 ( 0.9) 72 170 2,590 351 1,155 ( 47) 2,028 36.3 1989 ............................................................................. 3,633 3,139 ( 34) 86.4 ( 0.9) 129 132 2,499 378 1,255 ( 48) 1,883 40.0 1990 ............................................................................. 3,792 3,367 ( 31) 88.8 ( 0.8) 157 196 2,604 411 1,414 ( 47) 1,953 42.0 1991 ............................................................................. 3,796 3,267 ( 34) 86.0 ( 0.9) 100 143 2,642 382 1,354 ( 47) 1,913 41.4 1992 ............................................................................. 3,832 3,339 ( 33) 87.1 ( 0.9) 135 127 2,688 390 1,408 ( 47) 1,931 42.2 1993 ............................................................................. 3,857 3,306 ( 34) 85.7 ( 0.9) 116 136 2,651 403 1,451 ( 48) 1,856 43.9 1994 1 .......................................................................... 4,044 3,597 ( 32) 88.9 ( 0.8) 359 194 2,601 442 1,704 ( 50) 1,893 47.4 1995 1 .......................................................................... 4,224 3,697 ( 34) 87.5 ( 0.8) 385 226 2,578 507 1,830 ( 51) 1,867 49.5 1996 1 .......................................................................... 4,185 3,621 ( 36) 86.5 ( 0.9) 290 202 2,652 477 1,870 ( 53) 1,750 51.7 1997 1 .......................................................................... 4,141 3,667 ( 34) 88.5 ( 0.8) 368 219 2,616 465 2,007 ( 53) 1,660 54.7 1998 1 .......................................................................... 4,087 3,624 ( 33) 88.7 ( 0.8) 442 211 2,437 535 2,044 ( 53) 1,579 56.4 1999 1 .......................................................................... 4,037 3,571 ( 34) 88.4 ( 0.8) 376 212 2,557 426 2,027 ( 52) 1,544 56.8 2000 1 .......................................................................... 3,989 3,495 ( 34) 87.6 ( 0.9) 359 206 2,447 484 2,065 ( 52) 1,431 59.1   Not available. 1 Data collected using new procedures. May not be comparable with figures prior to 1994. 2 Enrollment data include only those students in preprimary programs.

NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional population. Although cells with fewer than 75,000 children are subject to wide sampling variation, they are included in the table to permit various types of aggregations. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Preprimary Enrollment, various years; and U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Survey, unpublished data. ( This table was prepared July 2001.) 60 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 44.   Percentage distribution of preschool children under 6 years old, by type of primary nonparental care arrangement, and average hours in center based programs, by child and family characteristics: 1995 Child and family characteristics Number of children age 0 to 5, in thousands Percent in centerbased programs Average hours per week in noncare 1 Percentage distribution, by type of primary care arrangement Head Start Other centerbased Parental care only Family child care Sitter Relative 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total preschool children 2 .............................. 21,414 26 ( 0.5) 30 ( 0.3) 3 ( 0.2) 23 ( 0.5) 41 ( 0.9) 13 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.2) 17 ( 0.5)

Age Under 1 year .................................................... 4,158 6 ( 0.9) 31 ( 0.9)     6 ( 0.9) 56 ( 1.6) 14 ( 1.0) 3 ( 0.5) 21 ( 1.2) 1 year old ......................................................... 4,027 10 ( 0.8) 32 ( 0.7)     10 ( 0.8) 51 ( 1.7) 15 ( 1.0) 3 ( 0.5) 20 ( 1.2) 2 years old ....................................................... 4,007 17 ( 0.8) 30 ( 0.6)     17 ( 0.8) 47 ( 1.6) 15 ( 1.2) 4 ( 0.6) 17 ( 1.0) 3 years old ....................................................... 4,123 35 ( 1.4) 29 ( 0.5) 4 ( 0.5) 31 ( 1.3) 33 ( 1.9) 13 ( 1.1) 3 ( 0.6) 17 ( 1.2) 4 years old ....................................................... 4,061 55 ( 1.4) 28 ( 0.5) 10 ( 0.8) 44 ( 1.5) 23 ( 1.3) 9 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.4) 11 ( 0.8) 5 years old ....................................................... 1,038 64 ( 2.6) 28 ( 1.1) 12 ( 2.1) 52 ( 2.4) 16 ( 1.8) 9 ( 1.5) 2 ( 0.6) 8 ( 1.7) Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic ......................................... 13,996 28 ( 0.7) 28 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.2) 26 ( 0.7) 39 ( 1.1) 15 ( 0.8) 4 ( 0.4) 14 ( 0.6) Black non Hispanic .......................................... 3,338 29 ( 1.8) 36 ( 0.8) 8 ( 0.8) 21 ( 1.6) 35 ( 2.1) 9 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.3) 25 ( 1.6) Hispanic ........................................................... 2,838 15 ( 0.9) 31 ( 0.7) 4 ( 0.6) 11 ( 0.9) 54 ( 1.7) 8 ( 0.8) 2 ( 0.4) 20 ( 1.2) Other ................................................................ 1,243 25 ( 2.5) 33 ( 1.2) 4 ( 1.4) 20 ( 2.5) 43 ( 3.0) 9 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.8) 21 ( 2.6) Mother's employment status 3 Currently employed .......................................... 11,002 30 ( 0.7) 33 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.2) 28 ( 0.7) 18 ( 0.8) 22 ( 0.9) 4 ( 0.4) 26 ( 0.8) 35 or more hours/ week .................................... 7,018 32 ( 0.8) 38 ( 0.4) 3 ( 0.3) 29 ( 0.9) 13 ( 0.8) 24 ( 1.1) 4 ( 0.4) 27 ( 1.0) Less than 35 hours/ week ............................... 3,983 28 ( 1.4) 23 ( 0.5) 2 ( 0.4) 26 ( 1.3) 27 ( 1.6) 18 ( 1.3) 4 ( 0.7) 23 ( 1.5) Looking for work .............................................. 1,615 24 ( 2.9) 26 ( 1.1) 6 ( 1.1) 18 ( 2.7) 58 ( 3.1) 3 ( 0.7) 0 ( 0.2) 14 ( 1.8) Not in labor force ............................................. 8,150 21 ( 0.8) 18 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.4) 18 ( 0.7) 69 ( 1.1) 3 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.3) 6 ( 0.5) Mother's highest education 3 Less than high school ...................................... 3,767 16 ( 1.4) 31 ( 0.7) 6 ( 0.7) 10 ( 1.3) 59 ( 1.9) 6 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.4) 18 ( 1.3) High school ...................................................... 7,182 22 ( 0.9) 29 ( 0.5) 4 ( 0.4) 19 ( 0.9) 44 ( 1.3) 13 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.3) 19 ( 1.0) Some postsecondary ....................................... 5,106 30 ( 1.0) 30 ( 0.5) 2 ( 0.4) 27 ( 0.9) 34 ( 1.7) 15 ( 1.2) 1 ( 0.4) 19 ( 1.0) Bachelor's or higher degree ............................ 4,711 36 ( 1.4) 29 ( 0.5) 1 ( 0.2) 36 ( 1.4) 29 ( 1.4) 17 ( 0.9) 7 ( 0.9) 11 ( 0.9) Mother in household No ..................................................................... 648 30 ( 3.3) 37 ( 1.8) 9 ( 2.1) 21 ( 3.1) 39 ( 4.3) 10 ( 2.1) 5 ( 1.8) 16 ( 2.4) Yes ................................................................... 20,766 26 ( 0.6) 30 ( 0.3) 3 ( 0.2) 23 ( 0.6) 41 ( 0.9) 13 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.3) 17 ( 0.5) Household structure 4 Two parents ..................................................... 15,732 26 ( 0.6) 27 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.2) 24 ( 0.6) 43 ( 1.0) 14 ( 0.7) 3 ( 0.3) 14 ( 0.5) One parent ....................................................... 5,276 28 ( 1.4) 36 ( 0.5) 6 ( 0.7) 21 ( 1.4) 34 ( 1.5) 11 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.4) 26 ( 1.4) Household income $ 15,000 or less ................................................ 6,016 22 ( 1.2) 31 ( 0.5) 7 ( 0.6) 15 ( 1.2) 50 ( 1.7) 8 ( 0.9) 1 ( 0.3) 20 ( 1.2) $ 15,001 to $ 25,000 .......................................... 2,991 21 ( 1.3) 31 ( 1.1) 4 ( 0.7) 17 ( 1.2) 50 ( 1.9) 10 ( 1.1) 2 ( 0.4) 17 ( 1.3) $ 25,001 to $ 35,000 .......................................... 3,235 23 ( 1.3) 30 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.6) 20 ( 1.3) 42 ( 2.0) 14 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.4) 19 ( 1.3) $ 35,001 to $ 50,000 .......................................... 3,899 26 ( 1.2) 28 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.4) 24 ( 1.3) 39 ( 1.5) 16 ( 1.4) 3 ( 0.7) 16 ( 1.0) More than $ 50,000 ........................................... 5,274 37 ( 1.2) 29 ( 0.5) 1 ( 0.1) 37 ( 1.2) 26 ( 1.4) 18 ( 1.1) 7 ( 0.7) 13 ( 0.9) In poverty Yes ................................................................... 5,737 21 ( 1.3) 30 ( 0.5) 7 ( 0.6) 14 ( 1.2) 52 ( 1.9) 7 ( 0.9) 1 ( 0.3) 19 ( 1.3) No ..................................................................... 15,677 28 ( 0.5) 30 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.2) 26 ( 0.5) 37 ( 0.8) 15 ( 0.6) 4 ( 0.3) 16 ( 0.5) Household size 2 or 3 persons .................................................. 6,176 28 ( 0.9) 33 ( 0.5) 4 ( 0.4) 24 ( 1.0) 34 ( 1.0) 17 ( 0.9) 2 ( 0.2) 19 ( 0.9) 4 persons ......................................................... 8,016 29 ( 1.1) 29 ( 0.5) 3 ( 0.3) 26 ( 1.0) 38 ( 1.2) 14 ( 0.9) 3 ( 0.4) 15 ( 0.7) 5 persons ......................................................... 4,046 26 ( 1.4) 26 ( 0.7) 3 ( 0.5) 23 ( 1.4) 46 ( 1.7) 9 ( 1.0) 4 ( 0.7) 15 ( 1.2) 6 or more persons ........................................... 3,177 18 ( 1.4) 31 ( 1.1) 4 ( 0.6) 14 ( 1.3) 54 ( 3.0) 6 ( 1.0) 3 ( 0.8) 18 ( 1.9) Home language 3 English ............................................................. 18,813 28 ( 0.6) 30 ( 0.3) 3 ( 0.2) 25 ( 0.6) 39 ( 1.0) 14 ( 0.7) 3 ( 0.3) 17 ( 0.5) Non English ...................................................... 1,954 14 ( 1.1) 30 ( 1.0) 4 ( 0.7) 11 ( 1.0) 62 ( 2.2) 7 ( 1.1) 2 ( 0.4) 16 ( 1.4) Mother's age at first birth 3 Less than 18 .................................................... 2,554 21 ( 2.1) 34 ( 1.1) 7 ( 1.3) 14 ( 1.8) 46 ( 2.5) 9 ( 1.3) 2 ( 0.7) 23 ( 2.0) 18 or 19 ............................................................ 3,066 20 ( 1.6) 30 ( 0.9) 5 ( 0.8) 15 ( 1.5) 49 ( 1.9) 9 ( 1.0) 2 ( 0.5) 21 ( 1.4) 20 or older ........................................................ 15,147 29 ( 0.6) 29 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.2) 26 ( 0.6) 38 ( 1.0) 14 ( 0.7) 3 ( 0.3) 15 ( 0.5) Urbanicity Nonmetropolitan ............................................... 5,015 26 ( 1.3) 30 ( 0.6) 3 ( 0.5) 22 ( 1.2) 39 ( 2.0) 15 ( 1.1) 2 ( 0.5) 18 ( 1.3) Metropolitan ..................................................... 16,400 27 ( 0.6) 30 ( 0.3) 3 ( 0.2) 23 ( 0.5) 41 ( 0.8) 12 ( 0.5) 3 ( 0.3) 17 ( 0.6)

  Not available. 1 Mean hours per week in nonparental care among preschool children enrolled in nonparental care arrangements. 2 Excludes children who have entered kindergarten. 3 Excludes data for households with no mother present in household. 4 Excludes children living apart from their parents.

NOTE: A child's `` primary arrangement'' was defined as the regular nonparental care arrangement or early childhood education program in which the child spent the most time per week. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Survey ( NHES), Characteristics of Children's Early Care and Education Programs: Data from the 1995 National Household Education Survey. ( This table was prepared November 2000.) 61 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 45.   Child care arrangements of preschool children, by age, race/ ethnicity, and household income: 1991, 1995, and 1999 Characteristics Total Age Race/ ethnicity Household income 3 years old 4 years old 5 years old White, non

Hispanic Black, non

Hispanic Hispanic Other $ 10,000 or less $ 10,001 to $ 20,000 $ 20,001 to $ 30,000 $ 30,001 to $ 40,000 $ 40,001 to $ 50,000 $ 50,001 to $ 75,000 More than $ 75,000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1991 Children 1 In thousands .............. 8,428 3,749 3,636 1,044 5,867 1,239 1,002 319 1,495 1,437 1,711 1,319 936 974 556 Percent ...................... 100.0 44.5 43.1 12.4 69.6 14.7 11.9 3.8 17.7 17.0 20.3 15.7 11.1 11.6 6.6 Percent in nonparental arrangements 2 Relative care .............. 16.9 16.1 18.1 15.6 14.8 24.1 19.5 19.3 16.8 19.3 18.9 15.9 16.6 15.6 9.6 Nonrelative care ........ 14.8 14.8 14.8 15.0 17.3 7.9 9.7 12.1 6.3 11.8 12.9 15.7 21.4 21.9 25.9 Center based programs 3 ............... 52.8 42.3 60.4 63.9 54.0 58.2 38.9 53.2 44.9 44.5 44.5 53.2 60.0 68.4 80.4 Percent with parental care only .................... 31.0 37.8 25.9 24.3 30.6 25.0 40.6 32.6 42.4 35.9 38.5 29.7 23.1 15.2 8.8 1995 Children 1 In thousands .............. 9,232 4,126 4,065 1,041 6,337 1,396 1,042 457 1,795 1,204 1,484 1,319 1,037 1,381 1,012 Percent ...................... 100.0 44.7 44.0 11.3 68.6 15.1 11.3 5.0 19.4 13.0 16.1 14.3 11.2 15.0 11.0 Percent in nonparental arrangements 2 Relative care .............. 19.4 21.4 18.3 15.1 16.5 28.6 22.8 22.6 18.1 25.2 20.7 20.0 18.1 18.8 13.7 Nonrelative care ........ 16.9 18.5 15.3 17.2 19.4 11.3 12.5 10.5 10.5 15.1 13.5 20.3 19.8 19.1 25.2 Center based programs 3 ............... 55.1 40.7 64.7 74.5 56.9 59.5 37.4 56.7 48.8 44.6 45.5 46.1 55.5 71.1 82.2 Percent with parental care only .................... 25.9 32.0 22.2 16.2 25.2 20.3 38.4 24.2 34.4 32.7 34.2 29.7 23.1 11.8 7.8 1999 Children 1 In thousands .............. 8,525 3,814 3,705 1,006 5,389 1,214 1,376 547 1,064 1,342 1,333 1,098 848 1,397 1,443 Percent ...................... 100.0 44.7 43.5 11.8 63.2 14.2 16.1 6.4 12.5 15.7 15.6 12.9 9.9 16.4 16.9 Percent in nonparental arrangements 2 Relative care .............. 22.8 24.4 22.0 20.2 18.8 33.4 26.5 30.2 27.5 29.4 27.1 22.5 21.3 17.3 15.9 Nonrelative care ........ 16.1 16.2 15.9 16.1 19.4 7.4 12.7 10.4 13.2 13.7 12.5 14.7 13.6 21.0 21.3 Center based programs 3 ............... 59.7 45.7 69.6 76.5 60.0 73.2 44.2 66.1 55.9 51.1 51.4 55.4 60.2 66.6 74.6 Percent with parental care only .................... 23.1 30.8 17.7 13.5 23.2 13.7 33.4 16.6 27.5 27.7 29.8 24.8 23.1 17.8 13.1 Standard errors for 1999 Percent ...................... 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 Percent in nonparental arrangements 2 Relative care .............. 0.8 1.3 1.2 2.3 1.0 2.5 1.9 3.9 3.1 2.4 2.2 2 2.4 1.6 1.6 Nonrelative care ........ 0.7 1.1 1.1 2.2 1.0 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.5 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.0 1.9 1.9 Center based programs 3 ............... 1.0 1.5 1.4 2.4 1.3 2.4 2.2 3.7 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.9 2.2 2.0 Percent with parental care only .................... 0.8 1.4 1.2 2.0 1.1 1.9 2.1 3.0 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.6 1 Estimates are based only on children 3 to 5 years old who have not entered kindergarten 2 Rows do not add up to 100.0 because some children participated in more than one type of nonparental arrangement. 3 Center based programs include day care centers, nursery schools, prekindergarten, preschools and Head Start programs. NOTE: Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Survey ( NHES), 1991, 1995, and 1999. ( This table was prepared August 2001.) 62 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 46.   Children of prekindergarten through second grade age, by enrollment status, maternal characteristics, and household income: 1991, 1995, and 1999 Maternal characteristics and household income 3 to 5 year olds, not enrolled in school 1 Enrolled in nursery school or prekindergarten Enrolled in kindergarten Enrolled in 1st grade Enrolled in 2nd grade 1991 1995 1999 1991 1995 1999 1991 1995 1999 1991 1995 1999 1991 1995 1999 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total children, in thousands ............................. 4,853 4,595 4,037 ( 58) 3,571 4,655 4,510 ( 52) 4,022 4,149 3,948 ( 65) 4,001 4,025 4,540 ( 154) 3,724 3,777 4,083 ( 78)

Percent distribution Mother's highest education 2 ............. 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   Less than high school ................... 18.2 22.1 20.6 ( 1.2) 8.2 9.8 10.4 ( 0.8) 15.8 16.9 16.1 ( 1.3) 15.6 15.9 17.1 ( 1.3) 15.5 19.6 18.2 ( 1.4) High school diploma 3 .................... 42.8 35.3 33.6 ( 1.5) 32.2 27.8 26.3 ( 1.2) 39.6 33.0 31.1 ( 1.5) 38.4 31.2 30.6 ( 1.6) 37.7 31.0 29.8 ( 1.6) Some postsecondary ..................... 22.5 21.3 20.1 ( 1.2) 28.7 22.8 19.6 ( 1.0) 24.1 21.7 18.5 ( 1.3) 24.0 23.6 19.8 ( 1.2) 26.1 20.6 18.9 ( 1.4) Associate degree ........................... 3.6 7.0 7.0 ( 0.8) 4.5 8.6 9.6 ( 0.7) 4.0 7.0 8.3 ( 0.9) 3.5 7.3 7.9 ( 0.9) 4.3 7.6 10.3 ( 0.9) Bachelor's degree .......................... 9.2 9.6 13.3 ( 1.0) 16.5 18.9 22.1 ( 1.1) 11.4 13.5 15.4 ( 1.1) 11.7 13.7 15.8 ( 1.1) 10.0 12.9 15.2 ( 1.2) Graduate/ professional school ........ 3.7 4.7 5.5 ( 0.6) 9.9 12.1 11.9 ( 0.9) 5.0 7.9 10.6 ( 1.0) 6.7 8.3 8.8 ( 0.8) 6.4 8.3 7.6 ( 0.8)

Mother's employment status 2 ........... 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   Working 35 hours/ week or more ... 33.8 33.4 36.1 ( 1.5) 34.0 38.4 42.7 ( 1.3) 35.3 35.9 43.6 ( 1.6) 38.2 38.5 43.4 ( 1.6) 38.9 40.5 44.5 ( 1.7) Working less than 35 hours/ week 20.6 17.8 21.0 ( 1.3) 26.7 23.7 23.3 ( 1.1) 21.5 20.8 22.2 ( 1.4) 23.9 20.8 23.4 ( 1.4) 22.3 21.4 22.1 ( 1.5) Looking for work ............................ 7.0 6.8 5.9 ( 0.7) 5.2 5.9 4.9 ( 0.6) 6.5 5.6 5.3 ( 0.7) 6.1 5.0 4.4 ( 0.7) 6.6 5.4 4.0 ( 0.7) Not in labor force ........................... 38.6 42.0 36.9 ( 1.5) 34.1 32.0 29.2 ( 1.2) 36.7 37.7 28.9 ( 1.5) 31.7 35.6 28.8 ( 1.5) 32.1 32.7 29.5 ( 1.6)

Household income ............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   100.0 100.0 100.0   $ 10,000 or less .............................. 19.6 22.7 14.5 ( 1.3) 15.2 16.2 10.8 ( 0.9) 17.9 19.4 13.4 ( 1.2) 18.7 17.4 15.6 ( 1.4) 18.2 19.5 14.7 ( 1.5) $ 10,001 to $ 20,000 ....................... 19.3 15.7 19.5 ( 1.3) 14.0 10.4 12.6 ( 0.9) 16.5 12.6 13.2 ( 1.1) 16.9 13.2 13.8 ( 1.1) 16.9 11.6 15.3 ( 1.2) $ 20,001 to $ 30,000 ....................... 23.0 19.1 17.3 ( 1.1) 16.6 13.0 14.1 ( 0.9) 20.8 15.8 15.3 ( 1.1) 20.2 16.6 15.2 ( 1.2) 18.9 16.5 16.2 ( 1.3) $ 30,001 to $ 40,000 ....................... 15.9 16.2 14.6 ( 1.0) 15.6 12.3 11.4 ( 0.7) 14.8 15.1 14.6 ( 1.1) 15.1 14.1 12.8 ( 1.0) 15.4 16.1 11.3 ( 1.0) $ 40,001 to $ 50,000 ....................... 10.4 11.0 9.9 ( 0.8) 12.1 11.5 9.9 ( 0.7) 11.5 11.7 9.8 ( 0.9) 10.8 11.1 10.2 ( 0.9) 12.0 11.3 10.4 ( 0.9) $ 50,001 to $ 75,000 ....................... 8.5 10.5 12.9 ( 0.9) 15.7 19.3 19.4 ( 1.0) 11.7 14.4 15.9 ( 1.1) 11.1 15.6 16.1 ( 1.1) 11.8 15.0 15.2 ( 1.1) More than $ 75,000 ........................ 3.3 4.7 11.3 ( 0.9) 10.9 17.1 21.9 ( 1.1) 6.8 11.1 17.8 ( 1.2) 7.2 12.1 16.4 ( 1.1) 6.9 10.1 16.9 ( 1.2)

  Not applicable.

1 Includes a very small number of older children of first and second grade age.

2 Excludes data for households with no mother present.

3 Includes equivalency certificates. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Standard errors appear in parentheses.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Household Education Survey ( NHES), 1991, 1995, and 1999. ( This table was prepared September 2001.)

Table 47.   Participation of public kindergarten children in selected activities 5 days a week, by length and size of class and teacher preparation: Spring 1993 Activity Total Percent of kindergarten classes participating in activity every day Length of kindergarten class Size of kindergarten class Teacher majored in early childhood education Full day Half day Less than 20 20 to 25 More than 25 Yes No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Listening to stories read aloud .................................................... 90 91 90 87 92 91 91 89 Running, climbing, jumping, and other gross motor activities .... 58 72 48 55 57 64 60 56 Free play ..................................................................................... 66 72 62 64 67 67 67 66 Choosing from a set of specific options ( like building blocks, objects, or books) .................................................................... 69 72 67 69 71 65 72 66 Using objects for math or science .............................................. 49 61 41 48 51 48 53 45 Dramatic play, arts and crafts, music ( creative activities) .......... 64 66 63 62 65 66 68 60 Using worksheets for literacy skills ............................................. 14 25 13 21 18 17 19 18 Using worksheets for math or science ....................................... 18 20 9 17 12 15 16 12 SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Fast Response Survey System Public School Kindergarten Teachers' Views on Children's Readiness for School. ( This table was prepared April 1994.) 63 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 48.   Children's mean reading, mathematics and general knowledge performance in kindergarten and first grade, by child and family characteristics:

Fall 1998, spring 1999, fall 1999, and spring 2000 Child and family characteristics General knowledge performance 1 Reading overall performance 1 Reading, percent reading sight words 1 Mathematics, overall performance 1 Mathematics, percent with addition and subtraction skills 2 Kindergarten 1st grade Kindergarten 1st grade Kindergarten 1st grade Kindergarten 1st grade Kindergarten 1st grade Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring Fall Spring 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Student performance Total ........................... 22.7 27.7 30.9 35.5 22.9 33.0 38.7 55.7 2.7 13.6 25.8 78.3 19.8 28.0 33.0 43.8 4.4 17.5 35.0 74.0 Sex Male ........................... 23.0 28.1 31.3 35.9 22.5 32.0 37.7 54.5 2.8 11.9 23.3 74.9 20.1 28.2 33.5 44.1 4.4 18.4 35.9 73.8 Female ....................... 22.4 27.4 30.4 35.1 23.4 34.1 39.7 56.9 2.6 15.3 28.3 81.8 19.6 27.7 33.0 43.5 3.0 16.7 33.0 73.6 Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic .. 24.9 30.0 33.1 37.5 24.2 34.8 40.4 57.9 3.2 15.9 29.3 83.3 21.3 29.7 35.2 45.7 4.9 21.9 40.8 79.7 Black, non Hispanic ... 17.5 22.4 25.9 30.7 20.3 29.7 34.6 50.4 0.8 7.9 16.7 67.1 16.7 23.9 28.8 39.2 0.8 7.2 20.0 58.8 Hispanic ..................... 19.6 25.2 28.0 33.2 20.6 30.6 36.1 52.7 1.7 9.7 20.0 71.5 17.5 25.5 30.9 41.7 1.7 11.7 25.9 67.5 Asian/ Pacific Islander 19.9 25.0 28.0 32.5 27.0 37.3 43.5 59.3 10.6 28.0 39.0 82.0 21.2 28.8 35.0 43.1 6.9 23.7 40.0 70.0 Parent education Less than high school 16.3 21.9 24.9 29.8 17.4 26.7 30.7 46.2 ( 3) 2.9 7.7 57.0 14.5 21.7 26.4 37.8 ( 3) 3.6 13.7 53.9 High school ................ 19.9 24.6 27.6 32.6 20.1 30.0 34.8 52.0 1.3 7.3 16.0 70.0 17.3 24.8 30.1 40.5 1.2 9.8 23.4 63.3 Some college ............. 22.4 27.6 30.9 36.0 22.3 32.5 38.2 55.2 1.7 11.2 24.2 80.0 19.3 27.6 32.9 43.7 2.3 14.6 31.7 74.7 Bachelor's or higher .. 26.7 31.9 34.9 39.2 27.3 38.1 44.1 61.8 5.4 23.9 39.8 89.0 23.8 32.3 38.0 48.0 8.2 30.4 51.4 84.9 Socioeconomic status Lowest 20 percent ..... 16.6 21.6 24.4 29.4 17.5 26.7 30.9 46.1 ( 3) 4.0 8.1 55.9 14.7 21.8 26.4 37.2 ( 3) 4.4 14.2 51.6 Middle 60 percent ...... 22.4 27.6 30.7 36.0 22.5 32.8 38.3 55.6 1.8 11.6 24.3 79.9 19.5 27.7 33.0 43.7 2.5 15.4 32.6 74.3 Highest 20 percent .... 27.8 32.7 35.9 39.9 28.2 39.2 45.2 62.5 6.8 26.5 42.6 89.7 24.6 33.1 38.9 48.6 9.6 32.9 54.4 87.0 Standard errors Total ........................... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.8 1.1 1.2 Sex Male ........................... 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.6 1.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.3 1.6 Female ....................... 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.2 Race/ ethnicity White, non Hispanic .. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.9 1.3 1.3 Black, non Hispanic ... 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.8 2.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.9 1.2 2.0 Hispanic ..................... 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 0.5 1.1 2.4 3.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.7 2.5 Asian/ Pacific Islander 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.9 4.8 5.6 5.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.4 2.6 4.3 5.2 5.5 Parent education Less than high school 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 1.1 0.0 1.0 1.5 3.1 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.6 2.3 3.9 High school ................ 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.2 1.8 2.1 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 1.0 1.9 2.3 Some college ............. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.8 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.9 1.2 1.3 Bachelor's or higher .. 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.6 2.0 1.1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.8 1.4 1.5 1.2 Socioeconomic status Lowest 20 percent ..... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.3 1.0 1.4 2.3 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.6 1.5 2.4 Middle 60 percent ...... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.1 1.3 Highest 20 percent .... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.0 2.3 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.3 1 Performance estimates are mean scale scores. Scale scores range as follows: General knowledge, 0   51; Reading,

0   92; and Mathematics, 0   64.

2 Student was assumed to have mastered a particular skill if at least three of the four items in the subject cluster were answered correctly.

3 Less than .05 percent NOTE: Estimates based on children who entered kindergarten for the first time in the fall of 1998 and were assessed in English for all four rounds of data collection. Approximately 67 percent of Hispanic children and 82 percent of Asian children were assessed in English in all four rounds of data collection. First grade estimates include children promoted to first grade on time and also include the scores of the small percentage of children ( i. e., 5 percent) who repeated kindergarten in 1999   2000.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998   99, First Grade, Restricted Use Files. ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 64 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 49.   Percentage of kindergarten teachers and parents indicating the importance of various factors for kindergarten readiness, by school type: Fall 1998 Teacher and parent perception of student skills Perception of importance for public school children Perception of importance for private school children Not important Not very important Somewhat important Very important Essential Not important Not very important Somewhat important Very important Essential 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Kindergarten teachers 1 Can count to 20 or more ............... 12 ( 0.7) 38 ( 1.3) 36 ( 1.2) 11 ( 0.7) 2 ( 0.3) 10 ( 2.0) 37 ( 3.1) 34 ( 3.0) 12 ( 2.0) 6 ( 2.3) Knows most of the alphabet .......... 9 ( 0.7) 30 ( 1.2) 43 ( 1.2) 14 ( 0.9) 4 ( 0.5) 6 ( 1.4) 26 ( 2.8) 41 ( 2.7) 19 ( 2.6) 8 ( 2.3) Takes turns and shares ................. ( 2) ( 0.1) 1 ( 0.2) 25 ( 1.1) 58 ( 1.4) 16 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 0.3) 1 ( 0.4) 25 ( 2.5) 58 ( 3.2) 16 ( 2.4) Sits still and pays attention ............ 1 ( 0.2) 4 ( 0.4) 36 ( 1.4) 47 ( 1.3) 13 ( 0.8) 1 ( 0.5) 3 ( 1.1) 35 ( 3.8) 52 ( 3.1) 10 ( 2.7) Is able to use pencils and paint brushes ....................................... 4 ( 0.5) 14 ( 0.9) 47 ( 1.3) 29 ( 1.5) 6 ( 0.5) 5 ( 1.4) 12 ( 2.2) 42 ( 3.1) 32 ( 3.3) 9 ( 2.5)

Kindergarten parents 3 Can count to 20 or more ............... 1 ( 0.1) 6 ( 0.3) 30 ( 0.6) 46 ( 0.7) 17 ( 0.4) 2 ( 0.2) 9 ( 0.6) 33 ( 1.0) 35 ( 1.1) 21 ( 1.0) Knows most of the alphabet .......... 1 ( 0.1) 4 ( 0.3) 25 ( 0.6) 51 ( 0.8) 19 ( 0.4) 1 ( 0.2) 7 ( 0.6) 29 ( 1.1) 41 ( 1.0) 22 ( 1.0) Takes turns and shares ................. ( 2) ( 0.0) ( 2) ( 0.0) 5 ( 0.2) 63 ( 0.6) 32 ( 0.6) ( 2) ( 0.0) ( 2) ( 0.1) 7 ( 0.5) 55 ( 1.0) 38 ( 0.9) Sits still and pays attention ............ ( 2) ( 0.0) 1 ( 0.1) 14 ( 0.5) 60 ( 0.6) 25 ( 0.5) ( 2) ( 0.1) 2 ( 0.3) 22 ( 1.1) 51 ( 0.9) 25 ( 0.8) Is able to use pencils and paint brushes ....................................... ( 2) ( 0.1) 2 ( 0.2) 23 ( 0.5) 53 ( 0.7) 21 ( 0.4) ( 2) ( 0.1) 3 ( 0.4) 27 ( 1.0) 43 ( 1.1) 26 ( 0.9)

1 Estimates pertaining to teachers are based on the responses of a nationally representative sample of kindergarten teachers.

2 Less than .5 percent.

3 Estimates pertaining to parents are based on the responses of a nationally representative sample of kindergarten children's parents. NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998   99, Public Use Base Year File. ( This table was prepared September 2001.)

Table 50.   Percentage distribution of kindergarten teachers' time spent on certain instructional approaches, by program and school type: Fall 1998 Length of school day and instructional approach Public school kindergarten teachers 1 Private school kindergarten teachers 1 No time Half hour or less About one hour About two hours Three hours or more No time Half hour or less About one hour About two hours Three hours or more 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Full day programs Teacher directed: Whole class activities .... ( 2) ( 0.1) 4 ( 0.7) 28 ( 1.8) 43 ( 1.4) 25 ( 1.6) ( 2) ( 2) 15 ( 3.9) 23 ( 3.8) 25 ( 3.3) 37 ( 4.0) Small group activities .... 1 ( 0.2) 18 ( 1.4) 46 ( 2.5) 28 ( 2.3) 8 ( 1.2) 6 ( 2.9) 33 ( 4.1) 42 ( 3.8) 16 ( 2.9) 3 ( 1.2) Individual activities ........ 2 ( 0.5) 53 ( 1.7) 35 ( 1.3) 9 ( 1.0) 1 ( 0.4) 5 ( 1.4) 55 ( 3.9) 29 ( 3.2) 6 ( 1.8) 6 ( 1.5) Child selected activities .... 2 ( 0.3) 31 ( 1.8) 52 ( 2.0) 13 ( 1.0) 2 ( 0.5) 3 ( 1.6) 35 ( 3.6) 45 ( 4.2) 11 ( 2.5) 6 ( 2.0)

Part day programs Teacher directed: Whole class activities .... ( 2) ( 0.3) 15 ( 1.3) 52 ( 1.9) 27 ( 2.0) 5 ( 0.8) ( 2) ( 2) 27 ( 6.8) 40 ( 6.9) 30 ( 5.2) 3 ( 2.1) Small group activities .... 2 ( 0.5) 36 ( 2.5) 46 ( 2.3) 15 ( 1.6) 1 ( 0.4) 3 ( 2.2) 62 ( 5.7) 26 ( 5.5) 7 ( 2.4) 1 ( 1.2) Individual activities ........ 9 ( 1.2) 73 ( 2.0) 15 ( 1.6) 2 ( 0.5) 1 ( 0.3) 9 ( 3.9) 72 ( 6.6) 13 ( 4.1) 5 ( 2.7) 2 ( 1.6) Child selected activities .... 3 ( 0.6) 63 ( 1.9) 29 ( 1.7) 4 ( 1.0) ( 2) ( 0.2) 3 ( 2.0) 41 ( 5.6) 41 ( 4.9) 12 ( 5.8) 3 ( 1.8)

1 Estimates are based on the responses of a nationally representative sample of kindergarten teachers. 2 Less than .5 percent.

NOTE: Standard errors appear in parentheses. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998   99, Public Use Base Year File. ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 65 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 51.   Public school pupils transported at public expense and current expenditures for transportation: 1929   30 to 1998   99 School year Average daily attendance, all students Pupils transported at public expense Expenditures for transportation ( in current dollars) Expenditures for transportation ( in constant 1998   99 dollars)

Number Percent of total Total 1 ( in thousands) Average per pupil transported Total 1 ( in thousands) Average per pupil transported 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1929   30 ........... 21,265,000 1,902,826 8.9 $ 54,823 $ 29 $ 527,002 $ 277 1931   32 ........... 22,245,000 2,419,173 10.9 58,078 24 662,847 274 1933   34 ........... 22,458,000 2,794,724 12.4 53,908 19 669,848 240 1935   36 ........... 22,299,000 3,250,658 14.6 62,653 19 750,186 231 1937   38 ........... 22,298,000 3,769,242 16.9 75,637 20 868,793 230 1939   40 ........... 22,042,000 4,144,161 18.8 83,283 20 980,576 237 1941   42 ........... 21,031,000 4,503,081 21.4 92,922 21 980,604 218 1943   44 ........... 19,603,000 4,512,412 23.0 107,754 24 1,017,507 225 1945   46 ........... 19,849,000 5,056,966 25.5 129,756 26 1,170,393 231 1947   48 ........... 20,910,000 5,854,041 28.0 176,265 30 1,244,764 213 1949   50 ........... 22,284,000 6,947,384 31.2 214,504 31 1,490,306 215 1951   52 ........... 23,257,000 7,697,130 33.1 268,827 35 1,682,964 219 1953   54 ........... 25,643,871 8,411,719 32.8 307,437 37 1,881,091 224 1955   56 ........... 27,740,149 9,695,819 35.0 353,972 37 2,166,546 223 1957   58 ........... 29,722,275 10,861,689 36.5 416,491 38 2,399,687 221 1959   60 ........... 32,477,440 12,225,142 37.6 486,338 40 2,723,446 223 1961   62 ........... 34,682,340 13,222,667 38.1 576,361 44 3,155,087 239 1963   64 ........... 37,405,058 14,475,778 38.7 673,845 47 3,594,962 248 1965   66 ........... 39,154,497 15,536,567 39.7 787,358 51 4,060,219 261 1967   68 ........... 40,827,965 17,130,873 42.0 981,006 57 4,746,433 277 1969   70 ........... 41,934,376 18,198,577 43.4 1,218,557 67 5,307,844 292 1971   72 ........... 42,254,272 19,474,355 46.1 1,507,830 77 6,029,195 310 1973   74 ........... 41,438,054 21,347,039 51.5 1,858,141 87 6,557,474 307 1975   76 ........... 41,269,720 21,772,483 52.8 2,377,313 109 7,053,407 324 1977   78 ........... 40,079,590 2 21,800,000 54.4 2,731,041 2 125 7,174,667 2 329 1979   80 ........... 38,288,911 21,713,515 56.7 3,833,145 177 8,124,294 374 1980   81 ........... 37,703,744 2 22,272,000 59.1 2 4,408,000 2 198 2 8,373,000 2 376 1981   82 ........... 37,094,652 2 22,246,000 60.0 2 4,793,000 2 215 2 8,380,000 2 377 1982   83 ........... 36,635,868 2 22,199,000 60.6 2 5,000,000 2 225 2 8,382,000 2 378 1983   84 ........... 36,362,978 2 22,031,000 60.6 2 5,284,000 2 240 2 8,542,000 2 388 1984   85 ........... 36,404,261 2 22,320,000 61.3 2 5,722,000 2 256 2 8,902,000 2 399 1985   86 ........... 36,523,103 2 22,041,000 60.3 2 6,123,000 2 278 2 9,259,000 2 420 1986   87 ........... 36,863,867 2 22,397,000 60.8 2 6,551,000 2 292 2 9,691,000 2 433 1987   88 ........... 37,050,707 2 22,158,000 59.8 2 6,888,000 2 311 2 9,784,000 2 442 1988   89 ........... 37,268,072 2 22,635,000 60.7 2 7,550,000 2 334 2 10,251,000 2 453 1989   90 ........... 37,799,296 2 22,459,000 59.4 8,030,990 2 358 10,407,050 2 463 1990   91 ........... 38,426,543 2 22,000,000 57.3 8,678,954 2 394 10,663,713 2 485 1991   92 ........... 38,960,783 2 23,165,000 59.5 8,769,754 2 379 10,440,733 2 451 1992   93 ........... 39,570,462 2 23,439,000 59.2 9,252,300 2 395 10,681,579 2 456 1993   94 ........... 40,146,393 2 23,858,000 59.4 9,627,155 2 404 10,833,702 2 454 1994   95 ........... 40,720,763 2 23,693,000 58.2 9,889,034 2 417 10,818,317 2 457 1995   96 ........... 41,501,596 2 24,155,000 58.2 10,396,426 2 430 11,072,160 2 458 1996   97 ........... 42,262,004 2 24,090,000 57.0 10,989,809 2 456 11,379,447 2 472 1997   98 ........... 42,765,774 2 24,342,000 56.9 11,465,658 2 471 11,664,146 2 479 1998   99 ........... 43,187,202 2 24,857,000 57.6 11,982,509 2 482 11,982,509 2 482 1 Excludes capital outlay for years through 1979   80, and 1989   90 to the latest year. From 1980   81 to 1988   89 total transportation figures include capital outlay. 2 Estimate based on data appearing in January issues of School Bus Fleet.

NOTE: Constant dollars are adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index computed on a school year basis. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Revenues and Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, Common Core of Data survey; and unpublished data; and Bobit Publishing Co., School Bus Fleet, January issues. ( This table was prepared November 2001.) 66 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: PROGRAMS FOR THE DISABLED Table 52.   Children 0 to 21 years old served in federally supported programs for the disabled, by type of disability: 1976   77 to 1999   2000 Type of disability 1976   77 1980   81 1987   88 1988   89 1989   90 1990   91 1991   92 1992   93 1993   94 1994   95 1995   96 1996   97 1997   98 1998   99 1999   2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Number served, 1 in thousands All disabilities .................................... 3,694 4,144 4,439 4,529 4,631 4,761 4,941 5,111 5,309 5,378 5,573 5,729 5,903 6,054 6,195 Specific learning disabilities .................... 796 1,462 1,928 1,984 2,047 2,129 2,232 2,351 2,408 2,489 2,579 2,649 2,725 2,789 2,834 Speech or language impairments ........... 1,302 1,168 950 964 971 985 996 994 1,014 1,015 1,022 1,043 1,056 1,068 1,080 Mental retardation ................................... 961 830 580 560 547 535 537 518 536 555 570 579 589 597 600 Serious emotional disturbance ................ 283 347 371 372 380 390 399 400 414 427 438 445 453 462 469 Hearing impairments ............................... 88 79 56 56 57 58 60 60 64 64 67 68 69 70 71 Orthopedic impairments .......................... 87 58 46 47 48 49 51 52 56 60 63 66 67 69 71 Other health impairments ........................ 141 98 45 50 52 55 58 65 82 106 133 160 190 221 253 Visual impairments .................................. 38 31 22 22 22 23 24 23 24 24 25 25 25 26 26 Multiple disabilities ..................................   68 77 83 86 96 97 102 108 88 93 98 106 106 111 Deaf blindness ........................................   3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Autism and traumatic brain injury ...........             5 19 24 29 39 44 54 67 79 Developmental delay ...............................                         4 12 19 Preschool disabled 2 ................................ 196 231 332 357 381 390 416 450 487 519 544 552 564 568 581 Infants and toddlers ................................     30 34 37 51 66 75 92             Percentage distribution of children served All disabilities .................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Specific learning disabilities .................... 21.5 35.3 43.4 43.8 44.2 44.7 45.2 46.0 45.4 46.3 46.3 46.2 46.2 46.1 45.7 Speech or language impairments ........... 35.2 28.2 21.4 21.3 21.0 20.7 20.2 19.5 19.1 18.9 18.3 18.2 17.9 17.6 17.4 Mental retardation ................................... 26.0 20.0 13.1 12.4 11.8 11.2 10.9 10.1 10.1 10.3 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.9 9.7 Serious emotional disturbance ................ 7.7 8.4 8.4 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 Hearing impairments ............................... 2.4 1.9 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 Orthopedic impairments .......................... 2.4 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 Other health impairments ........................ 3.8 2.4 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.1 Visual impairments .................................. 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Multiple disabilities ..................................   1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 Deaf blindness ........................................   0.1 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) Autism and traumatic brain injury ...........             0.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 Developmental delay ...............................                         0.1 0.2 0.3 Preschool disabled 2 ................................ 5.3 5.6 7.5 7.9 8.2 8.2 8.4 8.8 9.2 9.7 9.8 9.6 9.6 9.4 9.4 Infants and toddlers ................................     0.7 0.8 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7             Number served as a percent of total enrollment 4 All disabilities .................................... 8.32 10.14 11.02 11.18 11.32 11.43 11.59 11.76 12.00 12.19 12.43 12.56 12.80 13.01 13.22 Specific learning disabilities .................... 1.80 3.58 4.82 4.94 5.05 5.17 5.31 5.49 5.54 5.64 5.75 5.81 5.91 5.99 6.05 Speech or language impairments ........... 2.94 2.86 2.37 2.40 2.40 2.39 2.37 2.32 2.33 2.30 2.28 2.29 2.29 2.29 2.30 Mental retardation ................................... 2.17 2.03 1.45 1.39 1.35 1.30 1.28 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.27 1.27 1.28 1.28 1.28 Serious emotional disturbance ................ 0.64 0.85 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 Hearing impairments ............................... 0.20 0.19 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Orthopedic impairments .......................... 0.20 0.14 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 Other health impairments ........................ 0.32 0.24 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.24 0.30 0.35 0.41 0.47 0.54 Visual impairments .................................. 0.09 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 Multiple disabilities ..................................   0.17 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.24 Deaf blindness ........................................   0.01 ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) Autism and traumatic brain injury ...........             0.01 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.17 Developmental delay ...............................                         0.01 0.03 0.04 Preschool disabled 2 ................................ 0.44 0.57 0.83 0.89 0.94 0.95 0.99 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.21 1.21 1.22 1.22 1.24 Infants and toddlers ................................     0.07 0.08 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.21               Not available. 1 Includes students served under Chapter I and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA), formerly the Education of the Handicapped Act. Prior to October 1994, children and youth with disabilities were served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Part B, and Chapter 1 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. In October 1994, Congress passed the Improving America's Schools Act in which funding for children and youth with disabilities was consolidated under IDEA, Part B. Data reported in this table for years prior to 1993   94 include children ages 0   21 served under Chapter 1. Data reported in this table for years after 1993   94 reflect children ages 3   21 served under IDEA, Part B. 2 Includes preschool children 3   5 years served under Chapter I and IDEA, Part B. Prior to 1987   88, these students were included in the counts by disability condition. Beginning in 1987   88, states were no longer required to report preschool children ( 0   5 years) by disability condition. 3 Less than 0.05 percent. 4 Based on the enrollment in public schools, kindergarten through 12th grade, including a relatively small number of prekindergarten students. 5 Less than .005 percent.

NOTE: Counts are based on reports from the 50 states and District of Columbia only ( i. e., figures from outlying areas are not included). Increases since 1987   88 are due in part to new legislation enacted fall 1986, which mandates public school special education services for all disabled children ages 3 through 5. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, various years, and unpublished tabulations; and National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey. ( This table was prepared April 2001.) 67 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: PROGRAMS FOR THE DISABLED Table 53.   Percentage distribution of disabled persons 6 to 21 years old receiving education services for the disabled, by age group and educational environment: United States and outlying areas: 1998   99 Type of disability All environments Regular class 1 Resource room 2 Separate class 3 Public separate school facility Private separate school facility Public residential facility Private residential facility Homebound/ hospital placement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All persons, 6 to 21 years old .................................... 100.0   47.7 28.6 20.2 1.9 1.1 0.4 0.3 Mental retardation .................... 100.0 13.8 29.2 51.1 4.1 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.4 Speech or language impairments .................................... 100.0 88.5 6.6 4.5 0.2 0.1     0.1 Visual impairments .................. 100.0 49.6 19.4 16.5 4.7 2.1 6.0 1.1 0.6 Emotional disturbance ............. 100.0 25.5 23.0 33.2 7.5 5.8 1.7 1.9 1.4 Orthopedic impairments ........... 100.0 45.6 20.5 27.3 3.7 0.9 0.1 0.1 1.9 Other health impairments ........ 100.0 44.3 33.2 17.2 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.4 Specific learning disabilities ..... 100.0 45.1 38.4 15.5 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 Deaf blindness ......................... 100.0 14.1 9.4 34.8 18.9 3.7 14.4 2.9 1.7 Multiple disabilities ................... 100.0 10.5 16.6 44.8 16.2 6.7 1.2 1.6 2.3 Hearing impairments ................ 100.0 39.6 18.7 25.3 4.5 2.6 8.2 0.8 0.2 Autism ...................................... 100.0 20.3 13.1 51.1 7.8 5.7 0.2 1.2 0.4 Traumatic brain injury .............. 100.0 31.2 26.3 29.8 2.6 6.4 0.2 1.1 2.3 Developmental delay ............... 100.0 41.2 28.8 28.3 1.0 0.2 0.1   0.4   Not available.

1 Regular class is outside regular class less than 21 percent of the school day.

2 Resource room is outside regular class more than 21 percent of the school day and less than 60 percent of the school day.

3 Separate class is outside the regular class more than 60 percent of the school day. NOTE: Data for 3 to 5 year old children are not collected by disability condition beginning in 1998   99. Disability data are only reported for 6 to 21 year old students. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. ( This table was prepared April 2001.)

Table 54.   State legislation on gifted and talented programs and number and percent of students receiving services in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1993   94 and 1995   96 State State mandated gifted and talented programs, 1995   96 1 Discretionary state supported gifted and talented 1995   96 2 Gifted and talented students receiving services, 1993   94 Gifted and talented students as a percent of enrollment 1993   94 State State mandated gifted and talented programs, 1995   96 1 Discretionary state supported gifted and talented 1995   96 2 Gifted and talented students receiving services, 1993   94 Gifted and talented students as a percent of enrollment 1993   94 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Alabama ................... X 16,522 2.4 Montana ............... X     Alaska ....................... X 4,696 4.0 Nebraska .............. X 18,600 10.0 Arizona ..................... X 39,200   Nevada ................. X 8,343 2.0 Arkansas .................. X 34,710 8.0 New Hampshire ... X     California .................. X 290,000 5.0 New Jersey ..........         Colorado ................... X     New Mexico ......... X     Connecticut .............. X 16,871 3 3.5 New York ............. X 135,000 6.0 Delaware .................. X   5.0 North Carolina ...... X 88,450 8.0 District of Columbia ..       9.0 North Dakota ........ X 1,107 1.0 Florida ...................... X 74,572 3.5 Ohio ...................... X 244,670 13.0 Georgia .....................       5.0 Oklahoma ............. X 61,082 10.0 Hawaii ....................... X 18,000 11.0 Oregon ................. X   8.5 Idaho ........................ X   1.3 Pennsylvania ........ X 79,756 4.6 Illinois ....................... X 4 166,234 5.0 Rhode Island ........ X   3.5   5.0 Indiana ...................... X 85,192 8.9 South Carolina ..... X 52,000 10.0 Iowa .......................... X   4.0 South Dakota ....... X 6,515 4.4 Kansas ..................... X   3.1 Tennessee ........... X 18,626 2.0 Kentucky ................... X 52,600 5.0 Texas ................... X 248,769 7.0 Louisiana .................. X 24,000 3.2 Utah ...................... X     Maine ........................ X 10,100 5.0 Vermont ................         Maryland ................... X 90,222 12.0 Virginia ................. X 121,598 9.2 Massachusetts ......... X     Washington .......... X 38,781 1.5 Michigan ................... X 225,154 14.0 West Virginia ........ X   3.5 Minnesota ................. X 55,467 7.2 Wisconsin ............. X   15.0 Mississippi ................ X 21,678 4.3 Wyoming .............. X   3.0 Missouri .................... X 24,877 5.0 Guam ................... X       Not available. 1 Mandate requiring identification of and/ or services for gifted/ talented students. 2 No mandate requiring identification of or services for gifted/ talented students. 3Grades 2 through 6 only. 4 Data for 1991   92. SOURCE: Council of State Directors of Programs for the Gifted, The 1994 and 1996 State of the States Gifted and Talented Education Reports. ( This table was prepared July 1997.) 68 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: PROGRAMS FOR THE DISABLED Table 55.   Number of children served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Chapter 1 of the Education Consolidation and Improvement Act, State Operated Programs, by age group and state: 1990   91, 1997   98 to 1999   2000 State Birth to age 21 Percent of population who are disabled, 1999   2000 Percent change, birth to 21, 1990   91 to 1999   2000 Ages 0 to 5 1990   91 1997   98 1998   99 1999   2000 1990   91 1997   98 1998   99 1999   2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States ............. 4,760,999 5,902,980 6,054,355 6,195,113 13.2 30.1 440,661 564,270 567,636 581,164 Alabama .......................... 94,945 99,220 99,813 99,763 13.5 5.1 7,498 8,195 7,499 7,335 Alaska ............................. 14,745 17,844 17,712 17,495 13.0 18.7 1,813 1,839 1,754 1,633 Arizona ............................ 57,235 83,811 88,598 93,336 10.9 63.1 4,936 8,571 8,876 9,076 Arkansas ......................... 47,835 57,205 59,110 60,864 13.5 27.2 5,274 8,368 8,677 9,031 California ......................... 469,282 604,820 623,651 640,815 10.6 36.6 40,489 57,511 56,837 58,491 Colorado ......................... 57,102 73,033 75,037 76,948 10.9 34.8 4,894 7,491 7,809 8,067 Connecticut ..................... 64,562 76,989 76,740 74,722 13.5 15.7 6,142 7,459 7,443 7,275 Delaware ......................... 14,294 16,032 16,233 16,287 14.4 13.9 1,579 1,619 1,664 1,641 District of Columbia ........ 6,290 7,676 8,162 9,348 12.1 48.6 411 384 409 560 Florida ............................. 236,013 334,896 345,171 356,198 15.0 50.9 16,387 27,747 28,233 29,363 Georgia ........................... 101,997 147,678 155,754 164,374 11.6 61.2 7,333 14,331 15,134 15,922 Hawaii ............................. 13,169 18,490 20,551 22,964 12.4 74.4 1,273 1,560 1,646 1,860 Idaho ............................... 22,017 26,212 27,553 29,112 11.9 32.2 3,129 3,398 3,466 3,626 Illinois .............................. 239,185 272,791 281,137 291,221 14.4 21.8 26,122 26,465 27,220 28,193 Indiana ............................ 114,643 142,818 146,559 151,599 15.3 32.2 8,937 13,234 13,778 14,499 Iowa ................................ 60,695 69,727 70,958 71,970 14.5 18.6 6,329 5,907 5,577 5,599 Kansas ............................ 45,212 56,656 58,425 60,036 12.7 32.8 4,308 6,629 6,933 7,334 Kentucky ......................... 79,421 85,972 87,973 91,537 14.1 15.3 11,008 14,999 15,161 15,913 Louisiana ......................... 73,663 94,244 95,245 96,632 12.8 31.2 7,541 9,554 9,495 9,671 Maine .............................. 27,987 33,762 34,294 35,139 16.8 25.6 2,895 3,676 3,690 3,954 Maryland ......................... 91,263 109,084 111,688 111,711 13.2 22.4 10,409 9,646 9,714 9,750 Massachusetts ................ 154,616 163,480 168,964 165,013 17.0 6.7 17,014 15,116 15,382 14,568 Michigan .......................... 166,927 200,185 208,403 213,404 12.4 27.8 14,963 18,855 18,983 19,119 Minnesota ....................... 80,896 103,977 106,165 107,942 12.6 33.4 10,529 11,107 11,327 11,370 Mississippi ....................... 60,934 63,579 61,719 62,359 12.5 2.3 5,704 5,999 6,035 6,812 Missouri ........................... 101,955 129,075 131,565 134,950 14.8 32.4 4,889 9,530 9,698 10,683 Montana .......................... 17,138 18,735 18,797 19,039 12.1 11.1 1,934 1,719 1,688 1,614 Nebraska ......................... 32,761 41,308 43,400 42,577 14.8 30.0 2,961 3,617 3,656 3,707 Nevada ............................ 18,440 31,759 33,319 35,703 11.0 93.6 1,742 3,345 3,531 3,664 New Hampshire .............. 19,658 26,927 27,502 28,597 13.8 45.5 2,077 2,251 2,190 2,193 New Jersey ..................... 181,319 206,087 210,114 214,330 16.6 18.2 17,190 16,874 15,998 16,058 New Mexico .................... 36,037 50,292 52,113 52,346 16.1 45.3 2,247 4,943 5,133 5,115 New York ........................ 307,458 422,630 432,320 434,347 15.0 41.3 26,353 49,628 50,677 50,140 North Carolina ................. 123,126 159,605 165,333 173,067 13.6 40.6 10,700 16,977 16,880 17,361 North Dakota ................... 12,504 12,902 13,181 13,612 12.1 8.9 1,374 1,164 1,197 1,283 Ohio ................................ 205,440 227,620 230,155 236,200 12.9 15.0 12,487 18,666 18,572 19,341 Oklahoma ........................ 65,653 77,380 80,289 83,149 13.3 26.6 5,359 5,645 5,805 6,077 Oregon ............................ 55,149 67,311 69,885 73,531 13.5 33.3 3,581 5,965 6,128 6,387 Pennsylvania ................... 219,428 224,598 227,771 231,175 12.7 5.4 23,156 21,156 19,920 19,976 Rhode Island ................... 21,076 27,530 27,911 29,895 19.1 41.8 2,112 2,559 2,510 2,651 South Carolina ................ 77,765 95,154 99,033 103,153 15.5 32.6 8,346 10,931 10,937 11,352 South Dakota .................. 14,987 15,413 15,702 16,246 12.4 8.4 2,366 2,168 2,164 2,267 Tennessee ...................... 104,898 129,315 128,273 126,732 13.8 20.8 7,536 10,238 10,291 10,690 Texas .............................. 350,636 477,587 486,749 493,850 12.4 40.8 30,955 34,399 34,846 36,079 Utah ................................ 47,747 54,653 55,164 55,389 11.5 16.0 4,565 5,327 5,710 5,914 Vermont .......................... 12,263 12,241 12,709 14,073 13.5 14.8 1,200 1,241 1,226 1,391 Virginia ............................ 113,971 148,720 153,716 161,298 14.2 41.5 11,791 13,818 13,713 13,926 Washington ..................... 85,395 110,536 114,144 116,235 11.6 36.1 11,409 12,001 11,799 11,623 West Virginia ................... 43,135 48,656 49,934 50,314 17.2 16.6 3,630 5,174 5,301 5,409 Wisconsin ........................ 86,930 113,688 116,328 121,209 13.8 39.4 12,213 13,705 13,708 13,934 Wyoming ......................... 11,202 13,077 13,333 13,307 14.4 18.8 1,571 1,569 1,616 1,667 Bureau of Indian Affairs .. 6,997 8,624   12,913 26.3 84.6 1,092 276   386 Outlying areas ............ 39,445 55,696 59,174 63,981 9.2 62.2 3,937 5,769 6,009 6,750 American Samoa ............ 363 473 584 703 4.5 93.7 48 79 58 55 Guam .............................. 1,750 1,975 2,075 2,230 6.8 27.4 198 167 156 195 Northern Marianas .......... 411 382 474 568 5.9 38.2 211 52 51 48 Palau ............................... 459 99 112 123   73.2 45 3 5 11 Puerto Rico ..................... 35,129 50,721 54,158 58,740 9.6 67.2 3,345 5,255 5,559 6,274 Virgin Islands .................. 1,333 2,046 1,771 1,617 7.7 21.3 90 213 180 167   Not available.

NOTE: Percent of students that are disabled are based on the enrollment in public schools, prekindergarten through 12th grade. Prior to 1994, children and youth with disabilities were served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act ( IDEA), Part B, and Chapter 1 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. In October 1994, Congress passed the Improving America's Schools Act in which funding for children and youth with disabilities was consolidated under IDEA, Part B. Data reported in this table for years prior to 1994 include children served under Chapter 1. Some data revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services, Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, various years, and unpublished tabulations. ( This table was prepared April 2001.) 69 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 56.   Enrollment in grades 9 to 12 in public and private schools compared with population 14 to 17 years of age: 1889   90 to fall 2000 [ Numbers in thousands]

Year Enrollment, grades 9 to 12 1 Population 14 to 17 years of age 3 Enrollment as a percent of population 14 to 17 years of age 4 All schools Public schools Private schools 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889   90 ....................................................... 298 203 95 5,355 5.6 1899   1900 ................................................... 630 519 111 6,152 10.2 1909   10 ....................................................... 1,032 915 117 7,220 14.3 1919   20 ....................................................... 2,414 2,200 214 7,736 31.2 1929   30 ....................................................... 4,741 4,399 5 341 9,341 50.7 1939   40 ....................................................... 7,059 6,601 6 458 9,720 72.6 1949   50 ....................................................... 6,397 5,725 672 8,405 76.1 1951   52 ....................................................... 6,538 5,882 656 8,516 76.8 1953   54 ....................................................... 7,038 6,290 747 8,861 79.4 1955   56 ....................................................... 7,696 6,873 823 9,207 83.6 1957   58 ....................................................... 8,790 7,860 931 10,139 86.7 Fall 1959 ...................................................... 9,306 8,271 1,035 11,155 83.4 Fall 1961 ...................................................... 10,489 9,369 1,120 12,046 87.1 Fall 1963 ...................................................... 12,170 10,883 1,287 13,492 90.2 Fall 1965 ...................................................... 13,010 11,610 1,400 14,146 92.0 Fall 1966 ...................................................... 13,294 11,894 1,400 14,398 92.3 Fall 1967 ...................................................... 13,650 12,250 1,400 14,727 92.7 Fall 1968 ...................................................... 14,118 12,718 1,400 15,170 93.1 Fall 1969 ...................................................... 14,337 13,037 7 1,300 15,549 92.2 Fall 1970 ...................................................... 14,647 13,336 1,311 15,921 92.0 Fall 1971 ...................................................... 15,053 13,753 7 1,300 16,326 92.2 Fall 1972 ...................................................... 15,148 13,848 7 1,300 16,637 91.0 Fall 1973 ...................................................... 15,344 14,044 7 1,300 16,864 91.0 Fall 1974 ...................................................... 15,403 14,103 7 1,300 17,033 90.4 Fall 1975 ...................................................... 15,604 14,304 7 1,300 17,125 91.1 Fall 1976 ...................................................... 15,656 14,314 1,342 17,117 91.5 Fall 1977 ...................................................... 15,546 14,203 1,343 17,042 91.2 Fall 1978 ...................................................... 15,441 14,088 1,353 16,944 91.1 Fall 1979 ...................................................... 14,916 13,616 7 1,300 16,610 89.8 Fall 1980 ...................................................... 14,570 13,231 1,339 16,143 90.3 Fall 1981 ...................................................... 14,164 12,764 7 1,400 15,609 90.7 Fall 1982 ...................................................... 13,805 12,405 7 1,400 15,057 91.7 Fall 1983 ...................................................... 13,671 12,271 1,400 14,740 92.7 Fall 1984 ...................................................... 13,704 12,304 7 1,400 14,725 93.1 Fall 1985 ...................................................... 13,750 12,388 1,362 14,888 92.4 Fall 1986 ...................................................... 13,669 12,333 7 1,336 14,824 92.2 Fall 1987 ...................................................... 13,323 12,076 1,247 14,502 91.9 Fall 1988 ...................................................... 12,893 11,687 7 1,206 14,023 91.9 Fall 1989 ...................................................... 12,553 11,390 7 1,163 13,536 92.7 Fall 1990 ...................................................... 12,488 11,338 1,150 13,322 93.7 Fall 1991 ...................................................... 12,703 11,541 7 1,162 13,452 94.4 Fall 1992 ...................................................... 12,882 11,735 7 1,147 13,703 94.0 Fall 1993 ...................................................... 13,093 11,961 7 1,132 13,953 93.8 Fall 1994 ...................................................... 13,376 12,213 7 1,163 14,492 92.3 Fall 1995 ...................................................... 13,697 12,500 1,197 14,828 92.4 Fall 1996 ...................................................... 14,060 12,847 7 1,213 15,213 92.4 Fall 1997 ...................................................... 14,272 13,054 1,218 15,499 92.1 Fall 1998 ...................................................... 14,428 13,193 7 1,235 15,518 93.0 Fall 1999 ...................................................... 14,623 13,369 1,254 15,654 93.4 Fall 2000 7 .................................................... 14,803 13,537 1,266 15,725 94.1 1 Includes a relatively small number of secondary ungraded and postgraduate students 2 Data for most years are partly estimated. 3 Data for 1890 through 1950 are from the decennial censuses of population. The other figures are Bureau of the Census estimates as of July 1 preceding the opening of the school year. 4 Gross enrollment ratio based on school enrollment of all ages in grades 9 to 12 divided by the 14 to 17 year old population. Differs from enrollment rates in other tables which are based on the enrollment of persons in the given age group only. 5 Data are for 1927   28. 6 Data are for 1940   41. 7 Estimated. NOTE: Includes enrollment in public schools that are a part of state and local school systems and also in most private schools, both religiously affiliated and nonsectarian. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Statistics of State School Systems; Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary School Systems; Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools; Common Core of Data survey; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2011. ( This table was prepared September 2001.) 70 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: ENROLLMENT Table 57.   Enrollment in foreign language courses compared with enrollment in grades 9 to 12 in public secondary schools: Fall 1948 to fall 1994 [ In thousands]

Language Fall 1948 Fall 1960 Fall 1965 Fall 1968 Fall 1970 Fall 1974 Fall 1976 Fall 1978 Fall 1982 Fall 1985 Fall 1990 Fall 1994 Percent change in enrollment 1976 to 1990 1990 to 1994 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Total enrollment, grades 9 to 12 ....................... 1 5,602 8,589 11,610 12,718 13,336 14,103 14,314 14,088 12,405 12,388 11,338 12,213   20.8 7.7 All foreign languages 2 Number enrolled ............................ 1,170 2,522 3,659 3,890 3,779 3,295 3,174 3,200 2,910 4,029 4,257 5,002 34.1 17.5 Percent of all students ................... 20.9 29.4 31.5 30.6 28.3 23.3 22.2 22.7 23.3 32.2 37.5 41.0     Modern foreign languages Number enrolled ............................ 741 1,867 3,068 3,518 3,514 3,127 3,023 3,048 2,740 3,852 4,093 4,813 35.4 17.6 Percent of all students ................... 13.2 21.7 26.4 27.7 26.4 22.1 21.1 21.6 21.9 31.1 36.1 39.4     Spanish Number enrolled ............................ 443 933 1,427 1,698 1,811 1,678 1,717 1,631 1,563 2,334 2,611 3,220 52.1 23.3 Percent of all students ................... 7.9 10.9 12.3 13.4 13.6 11.9 12.0 11.6 12.5 18.8 23.0 26.4     French Number enrolled ............................ 254 744 1,251 1,328 1,231 978 888 856 858 1,134 1,089 1,106 22.6 1.5 Percent of all students ................... 4.5 8.7 10.8 10.4 9.2 6.9 6.2 6.1 6.9 9.2 9.6 9.1     German Number enrolled ............................ 43 151 328 423 411 393 353 331 267 312 295 326   16.2 10.3 Percent of all students ................... 0.8 1.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.6 2.7     Russian Number enrolled ............................   10 27 24 20 15 11 9 6 6 16 16 46.6   0.4 Percent of all students ...................   0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 ( 3) ( 3) 0.1 0.1     Italian Number enrolled ............................   20 25 27 27 40 46 46 44 47 40 44   11.4 8.5 Percent of all students ...................   0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4     Japanese 4 Number enrolled ............................                     25 42   68.3 Percent of all students ...................                     0.2 0.3     Other modern foreign languages 5 Number enrolled ............................ 1 9 9 18 15 23 9 176 3 18 15 59 73.0 296.1 Percent of all students ................... ( 3) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 1.2 ( 3) 0.1 0.1 0.5     Latin Number enrolled ............................ 429 655 591 372 265 167 150 152 170 177 164 189 8.9 15.2 Percent of all students ................... 7.7 7.6 5.1 2.9 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5       Not available.

1 Estimated.

2 Includes enrollment in ancient Greek ( not shown separately). Fewer than 1,000 students were enrolled in this language in each of the years shown.

3 Less than 0.05 percent.

4 Until 1990, student enrollment in Japanese courses was included in the Other modern foreign languages category. 5 Includes students enrolled in unspecified modern foreign languages. In 1978, a relatively large number of students were not identified by field of study. Since 1990, enrollment in Japanese courses is reported as a separate category.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data survey; and American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Foreign Language Enrollments in Public Secondary Schools, Fall 1989, Fall 1990, and Fall 1994. ( This table was prepared February 1999.) 71 ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY: PRIVATE SCHOOLS Table 58.   Student participation in school programs and services, by control, level of school, and type of community: 1993   94 Control, level, and community type Total students Percent of students participating in program or service Number Percent distribution Bilingual education English as a second language Remedial reading Remedial mathematics Programs for the disabled Programs for the gifted and talented Diagnostic and prescriptive Extended day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Public total ................................................. 41,621,660 100.0 3.07 3.97 10.88 6.90 6.88 6.43 0.27 2.50 School level Elementary ............................................. 26,886,026 64.6 3.98 4.75 13.46 7.77 6.76 6.25 0.31 3.58 Secondary .............................................. 13,757,801 33.1 1.39 2.58 5.63 5.03 6.54 6.90 0.20 0.48 Combined ............................................... 977,833 2.3 1.80 1.88 13.70 9.39 14.84 4.72 0.44 1.31 Community type Central city ............................................. 12,163,036 29.2 6.30 7.13 12.86 8.34 7.05 6.55 0.23 3.82 Urban fringe/ large town .......................... 13,559,662 32.6 2.04 3.90 8.84 5.60 6.34 7.26 0.23 2.69 Rural/ small town ..................................... 15,898,962 38.2 1.48 1.60 11.09 6.90 7.20 5.63 0.35 1.33 Private total ................................................ 4,970,548 100.0 0.81 0.58 6.35 4.16 2.98 4.93 0.89 9.20 School level Elementary ............................................. 2,803,359 56.4 0.77 0.45 7.22 4.33 0.93 3.34 0.94 12.48 Secondary .............................................. 811,087 16.3 0.19 0.62 4.24 3.06 3.43 8.56 0.47 0.23 Combined ............................................... 1,356,102 27.3 1.25 0.83 5.82 4.46 6.95 6.05 1.03 7.76 Community type Central city ............................................. 2,261,125 45.5 0.83 0.71 7.33 4.77 2.68 5.56 0.72 11.36 Urban fringe/ large town .......................... 1,810,230 36.4 0.97 0.57 5.98 4.15 3.58 5.24 0.85 8.89 Rural/ small town ..................................... 899,193 18.1 0.42 0.27 4.63 2.62 2.50 2.75 1.48 4.39 NOTE: School level includes elementary schools which have grade 6 or lower or a low grade of ungraded and no grade higher than 8; secondary schools that have no grade lower than 7; and combined schools that have grades lower than 7 and higher than 8. Students may participate in more than one program or service. Includes only kindergarten pupils who attend schools that offer first grade or above. Excludes prekindergarten students. Totals differ from data appearing in other tables because of varying survey processing procedures and time period coverages.

SOURCE: U. S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, `` Schools and Staffing Survey, 1993   94.'' ( This table was prepared September 1996, new data forthcoming in 2002.)