UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

	WASHINGTON, DC 20460

	OFFICE OF

	CHEMICAL SAFETY AND

	POLLUTION PREVENTION

	PC Code: 060109

	DP Barcode: 367942, 373379

	Date: May 18, 2010

MEMORANDUM

Subject:	Ecological Risk Assessment for the Proposed New Uses of Thiamethoxam as a Seed Treatment for Dry Bulb Onion and Peanuts and Registered Seed Treatment Uses for Corn, Carrots, Leafy Vegetables, and Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables

To:	Venus Eagle, Risk Manager

Julie Chao, Risk Manager Reviewer

Registration Division (7505P)

From:	Anita Ullagaddi, Environmental Protection Specialist

Christopher M. Koper, Chemist

Anita Pease, Acting Branch Chief

Environmental Risk Branch I

Environmental Fate and Effects Division (7507P)

Attached is the Environmental Fate and Effects Division’s (EFED) Ecological Risk Assessment in response to Syngenta’s Section 3 request to register thiamethoxam for use on dry bulb onions and peanuts as a seed treatment. For dry bulb onions, the Cruiser 70WS formulation is proposed; for peanuts, Cruiser 5FS and Cruiser PD formulations are proposed.

The submitted labels for Cruiser 70WS and Cruiser 5FS contain registered rates for several crops that have not been assessed by EFED or that have not been assessed at the current rate and/or use pattern (i.e., seed treatment vs. foliar spray). Therefore, this assessment includes evaluation or re-evaluation of several commodities including corn, carrots, leafy vegetables, and brassica (cole) leafy vegetables at the rates and use patterns (seed treatment) included on the submitted labels.

EFED also identified several other commodities that will need to be re-evaluated because risk assessments that evaluated the application rates (see Table 2) that are on the current label (Cruiser 5FS) were not located. The maximum application rates for these commodities include a generic statement that limits the application rate to 0.266 lb a.i./acre.  However, based on typical seeding rates, 0.266 lb a.i./acre may be considerably higher than rates that could potentially be used for these commodities. These commodities include barley, cotton, cucurbit vegetables, legume vegetables, soybean, oil seed crops, potatoes, sorghum, sunflower, and wheat. However, the Registration Division (RD) has indicated via email communication (March 16, 2010) that Syngenta will revise the seed bag label statements and add crop specific application rates prior to approval of the new uses. Therefore, EFED will re-evaluate those commodities after new labels are submitted.

Risks to Non-target Organisms

This assessment includes the parent thiamethoxam and one degradate, CGA-322704 (clothianidin). Since clothianidin is a registered active ingredient, a full suite of toxicity data is available (U.S. EPA, 2005b, DP 313414). While terrestrial organisms were similarly or less toxic to clothianidin than to thiamethoxam, clothianidin was about two orders of magnitude more toxic to estuarine/marine invertebrates on an acute exposure basis and about three orders of magnitude more toxic to freshwater invertebrates on a chronic exposure basis. Based on the results of this screening-level risk assessment for the proposed new uses and registered uses of thiamethoxam, there is potential for risks to aquatic invertebrates and terrestrial birds, mammals, invertebrates, plants, reptiles, and amphibians. Details on potential risks to non-target aquatic and terrestrial organisms are discussed below.

Aquatic Organisms                                                                                Risks of thiamethoxam fell below acute and chronic levels of concern (LOCs) for listed and non-listed freshwater and estuarine/marine fish for all of the assessed uses. However, acute risks exceeded the listed species LOC and, in some cases, the acute restricted use LOC for freshwater invertebrates based on the toxicity of thiamethoxam to midge for all uses except peanut seed. In addition, the listed species LOC and, in one case, the acute restricted use LOC were exceeded for freshwater invertebrates based on the toxicity of the degradate CGA-322704 (clothianidin) for all uses except peanut seed. Acute risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates fell below LOCs due to exposure to the parent thiamethoxam and the degradate clothianidin. Chronic risks to freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates are assumed in the absence of appropriate data for thiamethoxam; chronic risks did not exceed LOCs for freshwater and estuarine/marine invertebrates due to exposure to clothianidin.  The proposed and registered thiamethoxam uses did not exceed LOCs for risks to aquatic plants.

Terrestrial Organisms

Acute and chronic LOCs were exceeded for small birds (and, therefore, terrestrial-phase amphibians and reptiles) consuming treated seed for all proposed and registered uses except peanuts. For mammals, the chronic LOC was exceeded for small mammals consuming treated seed for all proposed and registered uses except for peanuts. Risks to terrestrial plants could not be evaluated due to lack of data.  In the absence of required Tier I data and conditionally required Tier II data, EFED assumes risks to terrestrial plants.

Potential risks to non-target arthropods, including pollinators, remain a key issue with thiamethoxam registrations. Several incidents involving bee kills with other neonicotinoid insecticides in Europe warrant the need for additional data and mitigation strategies. For example, a bee kill incident in Germany in May 2008 may have been caused by use of clothianidin as a dust seed treatment for corn. A seed sticker was not used for the dust treatment, and seeds were planted using upward rather than downward venting equipment, which caused clothianidin dust particles to drift. In addition, heavy rain caused the corn seed to be planted later than normal when neighboring canola fields were already in bloom. Similar incidents have occurred in France, Italy, and Slovenia, causing the need for regulatory action.

Environmental fate and toxicological data indicate that thiamethoxam is a persistent, mobile, and systemic insecticide and is highly toxic to honey bees on an acute exposure basis. Although a method for quantification of risks is not yet in practice, uncertainties remain regarding risks to non-target beneficial arthropods, including pollinators, due to exposure to thiamethoxam and clothianidin residues in pollen and nectar as a result of the proposed and registered seed treatments. While the degree to which thiamethoxam is metabolized to clothianidin within the plant is unknown and may vary by crop, clothianidin has similar toxicity to thiamethoxam, which is demonstrated by acute contact and oral honey bee data. Pollinator field study data have been requested to assess potential effects, including sublethal ones, and the translocation ability of the chemical within tissues of the crop. Some field study data have been received and are currently under review.

Recommended Label Revisions

The Cruiser PD formulation is a dry dust treatment for peanut seed. The label should specify the use of a seed sticker for this formulation to prevent thiamethoxam dust particles from drifting during application. In addition, downward venting application equipment should be used, and care should be taken to monitor weather conditions as well as blooming crops in the vicinity of the crop being planted. The latter two statements should be added to seed bag labels.

Rates should be revised to provide crop-specific restrictions and information, and the generic maximum application rate (0.266 lb a.i./acre) should be removed.

As noted in previous assessments, the following statements should be deleted from all labels:

“[Formulation] is a selective insecticide, which should have minimal impact on beneficial arthropods, and its use is compatible with integrated pest management programs.”

“[Formulation] has a wide margin of plant safety when used in accordance with this label.”

Thiamethoxam is a broad-spectrum insecticide rather than a selective insecticide; the mode of action of the chemical is to mimic acetylcholine, which causes overstimulation of the acetylcholine receptor, the effects of which would not be limited to commercially relevant piercing and sucking insects. Because of the uncertainties regarding exposure to and effects of neonicotinoids to pollinators and other non-target beneficial arthropods (including exposures to translocated residues in pollen and nectar), stating that the chemical formulation is selective and would have minimal impact on beneficial arthropods is neither factual nor appropriate for the

context of these labels. Additionally, data have not been submitted evaluating effects to terrestrial plants; therefore, the statement regarding plant safety is unsubstantiated.

All labels should include the label statements listed below. The statements have been selected in accordance with the Label Review Manual.

Environmental Hazards

“Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwater or rinsate."

Ground Water Advisory

“Thiamethoxam has properties and characteristics associated with chemicals detected in ground water. This chemical may leach into ground water if used in areas where soils are permeable, particularly where the water table is shallow.”

Surface Water Label Advisories

“Thiamethoxam may also impact surface water quality due to runoff of rain water and spray drift. This is especially true for poorly draining soils and soils with shallow ground water. This chemical is classified as having a high potential for reaching both surface water and aquatic sediment via runoff several months or more after application. A level, well maintained vegetative buffer strip between areas to which this product is applied and surface water features such as ponds, streams, and springs will reduce the potential for contamination of water from rainfall-runoff. Runoff of this product will be reduced by avoiding applications when rainfall is forecasted to occur within 48 hours.”

Precautionary Labeling for Bees

“This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or residues on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift to blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment area.”

Data Gaps

1. Whole Sediment Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Invertebrates (850.1735):

This 28-day study measures survival, growth, and emergence of Chironomus riparius that has been exposed to pesticide-spiked sediment and overlying water. EFED recommends that a request be made for this acute sediment toxicity test, which also measures chronic effects, because thiamethoxam is very highly toxic to midge and is persistent in the environment. The previously submitted study on midge (MRID 447149-18) larvae exposed to thiamethoxam-spiked water solution and is 48 hours in duration. Therefore, chronic risks to sediment-dwelling midge could not be comprehensively assessed using this study. Prior to initiation of this study, a protocol should be submitted to EFED for approval.

2. Field Test for Pollinators (850.3040):

Because thiamethoxam is highly toxic to honey bees on an acute exposure basis and is a persistent, mobile, and systemic insecticide, pollinators have a high potential of being exposed to and affected by residues of thiamethoxam and its degradation products (clothianidin) in pollen and nectar of plants. EFED recommends that the registrant conduct field studies at maximum proposed label rates using crops that are attractive to bees (e.g., pears or apples) for seed treatment, foliar, and soil applications. These three studies should be conducted in consultation with EFED and should examine the exposure and effects to adults and brood. The studies should measure the amount of thiamethoxam translocated to the nectar and pollen of the target crop and rotational crops and potential adverse effects, including sublethal effects.

3. Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier I (seedling emergence) (850.4100): Testing of a typical end-use product (TEP) is required for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate.  Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currently, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effects to all listed species based on potential habitat modification.

 studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currently, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effects to all listed species based on potential habitat modification.

5. Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test (850.2100): Data are required for one passerine species and either one waterfowl species or one upland game bird species for terrestrial, aquatic, forestry, and residential outdoor uses.  The current method of calculating a weight-adjusted LD50 using bobwhite quail or mallard duck data may over- or under-estimate risks to passerines because these birds may metabolize the chemical differently. Because the 850.2100 guideline has not yet been finalized, protocols for the study of passerine species should be submitted to EFED for approval prior to study initiation.

Additionally, the following uncertainties were identified for this risk assessment:

Studies are not available to document the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on chronic exposure basis to both estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates. However, the acute studies for both freshwater fish and estuarine/marine fish do not suggest a great difference in toxicity across media; effects are expected to be similar for both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Currently, risks are assumed to estuarine/marine invertebrates on a chronic basis; if a definitive chronic freshwater midge study (850.1735; see data gap #1) is received, the acute-to-chronic ratio method can also be used to extrapolate risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates as follows:                                                                   Chronic toxicitymysid shrimp= Acute toxicitymysid shrimp x Chronic toxicitymidge / Acute toxicitymidge.                                                                                However, the acute-to-chronic ratio adds uncertainty to the risk estimation because the actual toxicity value and the resulting risk quotients may be over- or under-estimated.

This risk assessment considers the most sensitive surrogate species evaluated in the registrant-submitted studies. The position of the tested species relative to the distribution of all species’ sensitivities to thiamethoxam is unknown. Extrapolating the risk conclusions from the most sensitive tested species to non-tested species may either underestimate or overestimate the potential risks to those species. The acute toxicity of thiamethoxam to midge (EC50 = 35 µg/L) and water flea (EC50 >106,000 µg/L) highlights this point.

Table of Contents

  TOC \o "1-1" \h \z \u    HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340411"  1.	Executive Summary	  PAGEREF _Toc261340411 \h  8

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340412"  2.     Use Characterization	  PAGEREF _Toc261340412 \h  8

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340413"  3.	Exposure Summary	  PAGEREF _Toc261340413 \h  12

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340414"  4.	Ecological Effects Summary	  PAGEREF _Toc261340414 \h  18

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340415"  5.	Ecological Risks Summary	  PAGEREF _Toc261340415 \h  20

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340416"  6.	Data Gaps and Uncertainties	  PAGEREF _Toc261340416 \h  27

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340417"  7.	Listed Species	  PAGEREF _Toc261340417 \h  29

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340418"  Appendix 1: T-REX Inputs/Outputs	  PAGEREF _Toc261340418 \h  30

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340419"  Appendix 2: PRZM/EXAMS Outputs	  PAGEREF _Toc261340419 \h  31

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc261340420"  Appendix 3: LOCATES Run	  PAGEREF _Toc261340420 \h  61

1.	Executive Summary

Thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide registered for use on numerous crops such as grain cereals, vegetables, oilseeds, fruits, turf, soybean, and ornamentals for the control of commercially relevant sucking and piercing insects that feed on the vascular tissue of crop plants. The proposed action is to register thiamethoxam as a seed treatment for use on dry bulb onions at the rate of 0.18 lb a.i./acre and peanuts at a rate of 0.08 lb a.i./acre. In addition, this assessment characterizes potential risks associated with increased rates and/or application of thiamethoxam as a seed treatment rather than a foliar spray on crops including carrots, leafy vegetables, and brassica (cole) leafy vegetables. Finally, corn is also included in this assessment as it does not appear to have been assessed by EFED at any application rate or method previously.

A number of risk assessments have been conducted on thiamethoxam. Previous assessments have identified potential risks primarily to terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, although potential for risk also exists for birds and mammals. Because thiamethoxam is systemic and persistent, particular concern for non-target beneficial arthropods, including pollinators, has been identified (DP357206, May 18, 2009). Additionally, potential risks to aquatic invertebrates due to exposure to the degradate CGA-322704 (clothianidin) have been identified. Taxonomic groups for which concern levels were exceeded for the assessed uses are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1.  Summary of LOC Exceedances for the Proposed and Re-evaluated Uses of Thiamethoxam

Effect	Taxonomic Group

	Birds	Mammals	Terrest.

√	√	√a	√b	--	√	--

Indirect Effect Potential	√	√	√	√	√	√	√

aThe lack of submitted data causes direct effects to be assumed for terrestrial plants and indirect effects to be assumed for all taxa.

bRQs were not calculated due to lack of quantification methodology. Therefore, the ‘LOC exceedance’ was based on application rate, toxicity data, and the mode of action of thiamethoxam.

2.	Use Characterization

The registrant has proposed to register thiamethoxam as seed treatments on dry bulb onions at the rate of 0.18 lb a.i./acre (Cruiser 70WS) and peanuts at the rate of 0.08 lb a.i./acre (Cruiser 5FS and Cruiser PD).  Application is assumed to be limited to ground as treated seed must be incorporated to a depth of at least one inch. Table 2 summarizes the proposed new uses, which are denoted by a single asterisk. Table 2 also includes uses on the submitted labels that have been previously registered but do not appear to have been assessed by EFED or not assessed at the current rate and/or application method. These uses included in the quantitative portion of this risk assessment are denoted by a double asterisk.

Uses listed in Table 2 that are not denoted by either a single or double asterisk are not included in this assessment.  However, these uses may need to be re-evaluated after the current labels are revised to provide crop-specific application rates.

Cruiser 70WS is a wettable powder that is tank-mixed with water. It is packaged in water-soluble bags, which are added, unopened, to the mixing tank. Cruiser 5FS is a water-based slurry that is diluted with water and applied to the seed using standard slurry seed treatment equipment. Cruiser PD is a wettable powder that was developed for dry application to peanut seed. The Cruiser PD label does not state that a seed sticker must be used. Use of a seed sticker would presumably reduce the amount of thiamethoxam that may leave the seed in dust particles during planting.

Table 2. Assessed Application Rates for Thiamethoxam Seed Treatment Uses

Proposed Label Use1	Source of Application Rate	Application Rate per Season

Cruiser 5FS

Peanuts*	Proposed Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Revised Label	0.08 lb a.i./acre

Barley	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 251956, 12/14/00)	0.052 lb a.i./acre

Corn**	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Revised Label	0.21 lb a.i./acre

	Corn does not appear to have been assessed at any rate or type of application.

Cotton	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 251956, 12/14/00)	0.028 lb a.i./acre

Cucurbit Vegetables	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Soil Drench Assessment

(Referred to in DP 324737, 12/22/06)	0.172 lb a.i./acre

Legume Vegetables	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 297967, 8/26/04)	0.032 lb a.i./acre

Soybeans	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Foliar Spray Assessment

(DP 338581, 6/27/07)	0.125 lb a.i./acre

Oil Seed Crops	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 297967, 8/26/04)	0.029 lb a.i./acre

Potatoes	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Soil Drench Assessment

(DP 324737, 12/22/06)	0.094 lb a.i./acre

Sorghum	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 251956, 12/14/00)	0.020 lb a.i./acre

Sunflower	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 286727, 4/16/03)	0.0122 lb a.i./acre

Wheat	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Previous Seed Treatment Assessment

(DP 251956, 12/14/00)	0.052 lb a.i./acre

Cruiser 70WS

Dry Bulb Onions*	Proposed Label	0.18 lb a.i./acre

	Estimation

(based on California crop profile2)	0.30 lb a.i./acre

Leafy Vegetables**	Registered Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables**	Registered Label	0.22 lb a.i./acre

Carrots**	Registered Label	0.22 lb a.i./acre

Cruiser PD

Peanuts*	Proposed Label	0.266 lb a.i./acre

	Revised Label	0.08 lb a.i./acre

1All application scenarios represent ground application of treated seed incorporated to a depth of at least one inch.

* New uses proposed for this action.

**Uses that have been previously registered that are included in the quantitative portion of this risk assessment.

All other uses included in this table are already registered at the rates indicated but have not                          been assessed by EFED or have not been assessed at the current rate and/or application method. These uses will be assessed when revised labels are received.

2The California crop profile indicates that, typically, 4-5 lb onion seed are planted per acre. The registrant assumes that 3 lb onion seed/acre are planted (406,000 seeds/acre ÷ 136,000 seeds/lb). The estimated rate was obtained as follows: 0.18 lb a.i./acre ÷ 3 lb seed/acre * 5 lb seed/acre = 0.30 lb a.i./acre.

2.1.	Scope of Assessment

This assessment considers thiamethoxam and one degradate of concern (clothianidin) for aquatic animals. Clothianidin is of similar or less toxicity to terrestrial animals compared to thiamethoxam; therefore, potential risks were not quantified for terrestrial animals resulting from exposure to this degradate. This assessment follows an abbreviated format because a full assessment was completed recently (DP357206, May 18, 2009), and risk conclusions are similar to previous assessments. Two new studies have been reviewed, and the results are presented in Section 4; however, neither study produced toxicity values that could be used quantitatively in this risk assessment.

2.2	Nature of the Chemical Stressor

Thiamethoxam is very soluble (4100 mg/L) in water. The vapor pressure (4.95 x 10-11 mm Hg) and Henry's Law Constant (4.65 x 10-15 atm m3/mol) indicate that the compound is relatively non-volatile under field conditions. The compound does not dissociate within the range of pH 2 to 12. All fate data requirements for thiamethoxam are fulfilled except for the bioaccumulation fish study (165-4) for which a waiver has been requested (U.S. EPA, 2006). However, the n-octanol water partition coefficient (Log Kow = -0.13) for thiamethoxam indicates a low potential for bioaccumulation.

The principal routes of dissipation for thiamethoxam are photodegradation in water, alkaline-catalyzed hydrolysis, and leaching. Other probable routes of dissipation are aerobic aquatic metabolism and foliar absorption. Aerobic aquatic metabolism is considered a probable route of dissipation based on the different rates of degradation of thiamethoxam in terrestrial and aquatic environments; thiamethoxam had substantially lower half-lives (13.8 to16.8 days) in aerobic aquatic environments as compared to aerobic soil environments (112 to 408 days). This apparent difference in the persistence of thiamethoxam in terrestrial and aquatic environments is likely to be due to hydrolysis under alkaline pH conditions in the aerobic aquatic metabolism study.  Additionally, root uptake, leaching, and foliar absorption are expected to be a probable route of dissipation because thiamethoxam is a systemic insecticide with an extremely low partitioning coefficient.

Additional environmental fate data can be found in the earlier assessment (DP357206, May 18, 2009).

3.	Exposure Summary

3.1.	Terrestrial Exposures

T-REX v1.4.1 was used to estimate potential exposures to birds and mammals. Estimated concentrations of thiamethoxam to which birds and mammals could be exposed via consumption of treated seed are in Table 3. Additionally, Table 3 includes an estimate of available active ingredient per square foot to which birds and mammals could be exposed. EECs used to calculate risk quotients for birds and mammals that may consume treated seeds are based on the concentration of thiamethoxam on treated seeds. These EECs are limited by the fact that the labels indicate the amount of a.i. to be applied (in mg) per seed. There is a large range of seed sizes as well as differences in optimal seeding rates; therefore, the concentration of thiamethoxam on seeds may vary depending on the size of the seed, and the application rate (lb a.i/acre) may vary considerably depending on the seeding rate used. Therefore, there are uncertainties as to the actual doses that would be available to terrestrial animals via consumption of treated seeds. Due to these uncertainties, EECs could over- or under-estimate exposures and risks. However, inputs resulting in high-end exposures were used for this assessment. For example, if a label specifies the mg a.i. to be applied per seed and the maximum lb a.i. to be applied per acre, the number of seeds planted per acre would remain constant. A minimum seeding rate (in terms of lb seed to be planted per acre) would increase exposure because only the size (weight) of the seed varies. A greater number of small seeds would have to be consumed to satisfy dietary requirements of birds and mammals in comparison to large seeds, thus increasing the amount of a.i. consumed (e.g., 5 large seeds * 0.29 mg a.i./seed = 1.45 mg a.i. consumed vs. 10 small seeds * 0.29 mg a.i./seed = 2.90 mg a.i. consumed). If labels were to specify the application rate in terms of lb a.i. to be applied to 100 lb seed, maximum seeding rates (lb seed to be planted per acre) would provide maximum exposures (e.g., 2 lb a.i./100 lb seed planted at a rate of 100 lb seed/acre = 2 lb a.i./acre vs. 2 lb a.i./100 lb seed planted at a rate of 80 lb seed/acre = 1.6 lb a.i./acre). T-REX inputs and outputs are included in Appendix 1.

Table 3. Avian and Mammalian Estimated Exposure Concentrations (EECs) for Proposed and Registered Thiamethoxam Seed Treatments

Crop1	Maximum Application Rate

(lb a.i./A)2	Maximum Concentration on Seed

(mg a.i./kg-seed)2	Avian Dose

(mg a.i./kg-bw/day)2	Mammalian Dose

(mg a.i./kg-bw/day)2	Available a.i.

(mg a.i./ft2)2

Cruiser 5FS

Peanuts*	0.08	12.50	3.16	2.65	0.0083

Corn	0.21	385.00	97.44	81.57	0.0219

Cruiser 70WS

Dry Bulb Onions*	0.18	600.00	151.85	127.12	0.0188

	0.30	600.00	151.85	127.12	0.03

Leafy Vegetables	0.266	443.00	112.12	93.86	0.0277

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables	0.22	1466.00	371.03	310.60	0.0229

Carrots	0.22	1100.00	278.40	233.06	0.0230

Cruiser PD

Peanuts*	0.08	12.50	3.16	2.65	0.0083

1Crops marked with an asterisk indicate proposed uses while those without an asterisk indicate previously registered uses that have not been assessed at all or at the labeled rate and/or application method.

2EECs produced by T-REX were multiplied by 0.01 to account for burying of seeds, which is required on the label.

T-REX input determined as follows (in some cases, minimum seeding rates (lb seed/acre) were chosen to maximize potential exposure as labels specified application in terms of mg a.i./seed; an animal would have to eat more small seeds than large seeds to satisfy dietary requirements):

-The California crop profile indicates that, typically, 4-5 lb onion seed are planted per acre (  HYPERLINK "http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/caonions.pdf"  http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/caonions.pdf ). The registrant assumes that 3 lb onion seed/acre are planted (406,000 seeds/acre ÷ 136,000 seeds/lb). The estimated rate was obtained as follows: 0.18 lb a.i./acre ÷ 3 lb seed/acre * 5 lb seed/acre = 0.30 lb a.i./acre. This higher rate was also modeled because it is not certain whether the 406,000 seeds/acre will be included on the seed bag label.

-The Alternative Field Crops Manual indicates a typical peanut seeding rate of 90,000 seeds/acre in Minnesota and Wisconsin (  HYPERLINK "http://www.hort.purdue.edu/NEWCROP/AFCM/peanut.html"  http://www.hort.purdue.edu/NEWCROP/AFCM/peanut.html ). Using the registrant provided seed weight maximum of 1397 seeds/lb, a seeding rate of 64 lb seed/acre was calculated for input into T-REX.

-The California crop profile indicated a seeding rate of 6 lb seed/acre for leafy vegetables (  HYPERLINK "http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/calettuce-iceberg.pdf"  http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/calettuce-iceberg.pdf ).

-Texas A&M indicated a seeding rate of 1.5 lb seed/acre for cole crops (broccoli) 1.5 lb seed/acre (  HYPERLINK "http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/vegetable/cropguides/brocc oli.html"  http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/vegetable/cropguides/brocco li.html ).

-The Georgia crop profile indicated a seeding rate of 2 lb seed/acre for carrots (  HYPERLINK "http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/GAcarrots.pdf"  http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/GAcarrots.pdf ).

-The corn seeding rate of 5.45 lb seed/acre was calculated using the Alternative Field Crops Manual and the North Central Region crop profile (  HYPERLINK "http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/popcorn.html"  http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/afcm/popcorn.html ,   HYPERLINK "http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/us-ncr-popcorn.pdf"  http://www.ipmcenters.org/CropProfiles/docs/us-ncr-popcorn.pdf ).

No toxicity studies were submitted for terrestrial plants; therefore, potential exposures to terrestrial plants were not quantified. Terrestrial exposure concentrations were not estimated for the CGA-322704 degradate (clothianidin) because it is not expected to pose additional toxicity concerns (see Section 3.3 and 4 of DP357206 (May 18, 2009) for additional information) at the amount and degradation pathway that it is formed.

Aquatic Exposures

The Tier II aquatic assessment was performed using PRZM (v3.12.2)/EXAMS (v. <IP_ADDRESS>) modeling with standard pond scenario. Detailed description of these models can be found in the previous assessment (DP357206, May 18, 2009).

Exposure Estimates for the Parent Compound

The PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for thiamethoxam are shown in Table 4.  Inputs are equivalent to those used in previous assessments (DP357206, May 18, 2009).  Results of the PRZM/EXAMS modeling exercises are in Table 5. PRZM/EXAMS outputs are included in Appendix 2.

Table 4. PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters for Thiamethoxam

Input Parameter	Value	Comment	Source

Scenario	See scenarios in Table 5	All available scenarios

	Maximum Single Application Rate

(lb a.i./acre)	See rates in Table 	Label and crop profile directions Proposed and revised labels and estimations based on crop profiles

Applications per Year	1	Label directions	Proposed labels

Application Interval	Not applicable for single application

Date of Initial Application	See dates in Table 5

Application Method	Ground	Label directions	Proposed labels

CAM Input	4	Soil applied, user defined incorporation depth, uniform with depth	Proposed labels

Incorporation Depth (cm)	2.54	Label directions (>1 in)	Proposed labels

IPSCND Input	1	Remaining pesticide on foliage is converted to surface application to the top soil layer	U.S. EPA, 2008

Spray Drift Fraction	0	Incorporated seed treatment	Input Parameter Guidance (U.S. EPA, 2009)

Application Efficiency	1.0	Seed treatment	Input Parameter Guidance (U.S. EPA, 2009)

Molecular Mass (g/mol)	291.7	Product chemistry data	U.S. EPA, 2007

Vapor Pressure at 25oC (torr)	4.95 x 10-11	Product chemistry data	U.S. EPA, 2007

Henry’s Law Constant

(atm-m3/mol)	4.65 x 10-15	Calculated	N/A1

Solubility in Water at 25oC (mg/L) 	4100	Product chemistry data	U.S. EPA, 2007

Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (Koc) (L/kgoc)	70.23	Represents the average Koc	MRID 447035-02

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)	480.92	Represents the 90th %-ile confidence bound on the mean half-life	MRID 447034-18

MRID 447034-19

MRID 447035-01

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)	19.92	Represents the 90th %-ile confidence bound on the mean half-life	MRID 447150-32

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)	43.98	Represents the 90th %-ile confidence bound on the mean half-life	MRID 447150-29

MRID 447150-30

MRID 447150-31

Hydrolysis Half-life (days)	Stable	pH 7	MRID 447034-17

Aqueous Photolysis Half-life (days)	4.46	Represents the 90th %-ile confidence bound on the mean half-life	MRID 447150-32

Table 5. Thiamethoxam Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for Surface Water Based on Selected Crop Scenarios

Proposed Label Use	PRZM/EXAMS Scenario

(first app. date)	Application Rate	Peak EEC (µg/L)	21-day EEC (µg/L) 60-day EEC (µg/L)

Dry Bulb Onions	CA Onion

(Jan. 9)	1 app @ 0.180 lb a.i./acre	0.45	0.39	0.29

	GA Onion

(Sept. 8)	1 app @ 0.180 lb a.i./acre	5.89	4.32	2.86

	CA Onion

(Jan. 9)	1 app @ 0.300 lb a.i./acre	0.75	0.65	0.49

	GA Onion

(Sept. 8)	1 app @ 0.300 lb a.i./acre	9.82	7.21	4.77

Carrots	FL Carrots

(Oct. 9)	1 app @ 0.220 lb a.i./acre	4.48	3.25	2.04

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables	CA Cole Crop

(Dec. 25)	1 app @ 0.220 lb a.i./acre	3.79	2.82	2.26

Leafy Vegetables	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	1 app @ 0.266 lb a.i./acre	11.47	9.85	7.58

	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	1 app @ 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(180 days between plantings)	5.93	5.09	3.92

	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	1 app @0.133 lb a.i./acre	5.71	4.91	3.77

	CA Lettuce

(Sept. 9)	1 app @ 0.133 lb a.i./acre	2.87	2.45	1.74

Peanuts	NC Peanuts

(May 9)	1 app @ 0.08 lb a.i./acre	0.72	0.58	0.38

Corn	IA Corn

(May 18)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.79	2.13	1.28

	IL Corn

(May 24)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.25	1.74	1.26

	IN Corn

(May 8)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	4.19	3.53	2.26

	KS Corn

(May 3)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	5.69	4.66	3.17

	MN Corn

(May 8)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.55	2.15	1.60

	MS Corn

(Apr. 3)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	8.59	6.83	4.50

	NC Corn

(Apr. 8)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.16	1.81	1.20

	NE Corn

(May 18)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	7.37	6.28	4.08

	OH Corn

(Apr. 24)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	5.97	5.04	3.42

	PA Corn

(Apr. 9)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	1.53	1.36	1.02

Bold values denote maximum EEC values across a given use and were used to calculate RQs.

Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm incorporation depth; 100% application efficiency and 0% spray drift is assumed.

3.2.2	Exposure Estimates for the Degradate CGA-322704 (Clothianidin)

The PRZM/EXAMS input parameters for CGA-322704 (clothianidin) are shown in Table 6.  Inputs are equivalent to inputs used in previous assessments (D357206). Results of the PRZM/EXAMS modeling exercises are in Table 7. Clothianidin application rates were calculated using the following equation:

Application rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of thiamethoxam to clothianidin in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86, the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)

Table 6.  PRZM/EXAMS Input Parameters for CGA-322704 (Clothianidin)1

Input Parameter	Value	Comment	Source

Molecular Mass (g/mol)	249.7	Product chemistry data

	Vapor Pressure at 25°C (torr)	4.27 x 10-10	Product chemistry data

	Solubility in Water (mg/L)	300	Product chemistry data

	Organic Carbon Partition Coefficient (KOC) (L/kgOC)	188	Represents the average KOC	MRID 454223-11

Aerobic Soil Metabolism Half-life (days)	744	Represents the 90th %-ile confidence bound on the mean half-life	MRID 454223-25

MRID 454223-26

Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)	1488	2X aerobic soil half-life	No acceptable aerobic aquatic half-life

Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism Half-life (days)	27 X 3	Selected input parameter was multiplied by 3 according  to Guidance for selecting inputs parameter in  modeling for environmental fate and transport of pesticides, (U.S. EPA, 2009)	MRID 454223-20

Hydrolysis Half-lives (days)	Stable	pH 7	MRID 454223-17

Aqueous Photolysis

Half-life (days)	1.1 to 34	Longest half-life of 34 days used instead of aqueous photolysis half-life because of demonstrated persistence in water and on soil surface exposed to sunlight.	MRID 454222-23 (soil)

MRID 454222-18

MRID 454222-22

MRID 454222-19

MRID 454222-21 (water)

Scenario	See scenarios in Table 7

N/A1

Maximum Single

Application Rate	See rates in Table 7*

Spray Drift Fraction	0.0	Default values 	Input parameter guidance (U.S. EPA, 2009)

Application Efficiency	1.0	Default values 	Input parameter guidance

(U.S. EPA, 2009)

1 Input values obtained from clothianidin chapter (U.S. EPA, 2006)

*Application rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of  thiamethoxam to clothianidin  in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86, the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)

Table 7. Clothianidin Estimated Environmental Concentrations (EECs) for Surface Water based on Selected Crop Scenarios

Proposed Label Use	PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app. date)	Application Rate* 	Peak

EEC

(µg/L)	21-day

EEC

(µg/L)	60-day EEC (µg/L)

Dry Bulb Onions	GA Onion

(Sept. 8)	1 app @ 0.020 lb a.i./acre	1.02	0.99	0.97

	GA Onion

(Sept. 8)	1 app @ 0.034 lb a.i./acre	1.76	1.71	1.67

Carrots	FL Carrots

(Oct. 9)	1 app @ 0.025 lb a.i./acre	2.06	1.99	1.91

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables

	CA Cole Crop

(Dec. 25)	1 app @ 0.025 lb a.i./acre	1.27	1.24	1.21

Leafy Vegetables

	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	1 app @ 0.030 lb a.i./acre	2.23	2.19	2.14

Peanuts	NC Peanuts

(May 9)	1 app @ 0.009 lb a.i./acre	0.14	0.14	0.13

Corn	MS Corn

(April 3)	1 app @ 0.024 lb a.i./acre	1.88	1.84	1.77

*Application rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of  thiamethoxam to clothianidin  in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86, the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)

Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth; 100

% application efficiency and 0% spray drift is assumed.

4.	Ecological Effects Summary

4.1.	Toxicity Data for the Parent Compound

A summary of toxicity data, including data used to calculate RQs, is provided in Table 8. Additional discussion of the data can be found in the previous assessment (DP357206; May 18, 2009).

Table 8. Thiamethoxam Toxicity Data

Study Type	Species	Toxicity Value	Toxicity Classification	MRID & Status

Acute – Freshwater Fish	Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)	96-hr LC50: >100,000 µg/L

NOAEC: 100,000 µg/L	Practically non-toxic	447149-16

Supplemental

Acute – Freshwater Fish	Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus)	96-hr LC50: >114,000 µg/L

NOAEC: 114,000 µg/L	Practically non-toxic	447149-17

Acceptable

Acute – Estuarine/Marine Fish	Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)	96-hr LC50: >111,000 µg/L

NOAEC: 111,000 µg/L	Practically non-toxic	447149-20

Acceptable

Chronic – Freshwater Fish	Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)	NOAEC: 20,000 µg/L

LOAEC: >20,000 µg/L

(no effects on reproduction at 20,000 µg/L)	NA	447149-23

Supplemental

Acute – Freshwater Invertebrate	Water flea (Daphnia magna)	48-hr EC50: >106,000 µg/L

NOAEC: 36,000 µg/L	Practically non-toxic	447149-19

Supplemental

Acute – Freshwater Invertebrate	Midge (Chironomus riparius)	48-hr EC50: 35 µg/L *

NOAEC: 13 µg/L	Very highly toxic	447149-18

Acceptable

Acute – Freshwater Invertebrate	Red Swamp Crayfish

(Procambarus clarkii)	96-hr EC50: 2300 µg/L

(based on death and immobilization)

96-hr LC50: 2300-2600 µg/L

NOAEC: 650 µg/L	Moderately toxic	475581-06

Supplemental

Acute – Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate	Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica)	96-hr LC50: >119,000 µg/L NOAEC: 74,000 µg/L	Practically non-toxic	447149-21

Acceptable

Acute – Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate	Mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia)	96-hr LC50: 6900 µg/L *

NOAEC: <2000 µg/L	Moderately toxic	447149-22

Acceptable

Chronic – Freshwater Invertebrate	Water flea (Daphnia magna)	NOAEC: 50,000 µg/L

LOAEC: 101,000 µg/L

(number of neonates produced)	NA	447149-24

Supplemental

Aquatic – Non-vascular Plants	Green algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata)	96 hr EC50: >97,000 µg/L

NOAEC: 97,000 µg/L

(no effects noted)	NA	447149-26

Acceptable

Aquatic – Vascular Plants	Duckweed (Lemna gibba)	7 day EC50: >90,000 µg/L

NOAEC: 22,000 µg/L

(no effects noted)	NA	447149-25

Acceptable

Acute – Avian Oral	Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)	LD50: 1552 mg/kg-bw/day

NOAEC: 125 mg/kg-bw/day	Slightly toxic	447033-07

Acceptable

Acute – Avian Oral	Mallard Duck

(Anas platyrhynchos)	LD50: 576 mg/kg-bw/day*

NOAEC: Not determined	Slightly toxic	447033-07

Acceptable

Acute – Avian Dietary	Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)	LC50: >5200 mg/kg-diet

NOAEC: 2600 mg/kg-diet	Practically non-toxic	447033-09

Acceptable

Acute – Avian Dietary	Mallard Duck

(Anas platyrhynchos)	LC50: >5200 mg/kg-diet

NOAEC: 1300 mg/kg-diet	Practically non-toxic	447033-10

Acceptable

Chronic – Avian Reproduction	Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) NOAEC: 900 mg/kg-diet

LOAEC: >900 mg/kg-diet

(reduced egg size)	NA	447033-12

Acceptable

Chronic – Avian Reproduction	Mallard Duck

(Anas platyrhynchos)	NOAEC: 300 mg/kg-diet*

LOAEC: 900 mg/kg-diet

(weight loss in parental males)	NA	447033-11

Acceptable

Acute – Mammalian Oral	Rat (Rattus norvegicus)	LD50: 1563 mg/kg-bw* Slightly toxic	447033-14

Chronic – Mammalian Reproduction	Rat (Rattus norvegicus)	NOAEL: 10 mg/kg-bw/day*

LOAEL: 30 mg/kg-bw/day

(increased incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in the testes of male rats)	NA	447187-07

Acute – Contact Toxicity	Honey Bee

(Apis mellifera)	LD50: 0.024 µg/bee

NOAEL: 0.005 µg/bee	Highly toxic	447149-27

Acceptable

Acute – Oral Toxicity	Honey Bee

(Apis mellifera)	LD50: 0.005 µg/bee

NOAEL: 0.002 µg/bee	Highly toxic	447149-27

Acceptable

Foliage Residue Toxicity	Honey Bee

(Apis mellifera)	RT25: Not determined	NA	447275-01

Supplemental

*Value used for risk quantification.

Two additional studies have been submitted and reviewed since completion of the most recent previous assessment. A honey bee foliar residue toxicity study, which was classified as supplemental, has been reviewed (OPPTS 850.3030, MRID 447275-01). Residues were not quantified in foliage from any treatment level, and control foliage was only aged for 24 hours. Mortality at the highest application rate ranged from 80 to 89% between 24- and 72-hour residue age periods, never approaching the control mortality (1%); therefore, residue times to produce significant mortality useful for risk assessment (i.e., RT25 values) could not be extrapolated from these data. Qualitatively, these data show that residues of CGA-293343 (thiamethoxam) from foliage exposed to 0.004 lb a.i./acre did not result in significant mortality (<1 to 2%) of bees exposed to residues 24 to 72 hours after application, while significant mortality (89 to 80%) occurred for bees exposed to foliar residues applied at 0.088 lb a.i./acre. Although the decrease from 89 to 80% was not statistically significant, these data follow a suggestive pattern of decreasing toxicity with increasing residue age.

A red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) study (OPPTS 850.1010, MRID 475581-06) has also been reviewed since the most recent previous assessment was conducted. Based on death and immobilization, the EC50 was 2.3 mg a.i./L. The lack of a linear dose-dependent response in this study precluded a reliable statistical estimation of a 96-hour LC50 with narrow confidence limits, but there were clear effects on mortality, ranging from 20-50% between the 1.3 and 11 mg a.i./L treatment levels; there was 50% mortality at the 2.6 mg a.i./L level. The visually determined LC50 was 2.3-2.6 mg a.i./L, categorizing thiamethoxam as moderately toxic to red swamp crayfish on an acute toxicity basis. Although the LC50 approximates the EC50, the EC50 is a more appropriate estimate of toxicity because of the lack of a discernible difference between the immobilization and death endpoints. The NOAEC was 0.65 mg a.i./L. The study is classified as supplemental as red swamp crayfish is not a test species indicated for use in the OPPTS 850.1010 guideline. However, the data produced are scientifically sound and provide valuable information for certain use patterns (i.e., rice).

4.2.	Toxicity Data for the Degradate CGA-322704 (Clothianidin)

A summary of the most sensitive definitive toxicity data for CGA-322704 (clothianidin) used to calculate RQs is in Table 9. Terrestrial animal toxicity data are not included because clothianidin has demonstrated similar or less toxicity in terrestrial organisms, including in honey bees, as compared to thiamethoxam. Additional information, including qualitative, non-definitive, or endpoints less sensitive than the parent compound, can be found in EFED’s 2005 Ecological Risk Assessment Document (U.S. EPA, 2005b, DP 313414).

Table 9. Toxic Effects in Aquatic Invertebrates Due to Exposure to Clothianidin

Test Type	Test Species	Product Tested

(% a.i.)	Toxicity Value

(µg/L)	Toxicity Classification	Study Classification	MRID #

Acute – Freshwater	Midge (Chironomus riparius)	97.6	48-hr EC50: 22* Very highly toxic	Supplemental	454224-14

Chronic – Freshwater	Water flea (Daphnia magna)	96	LOAEC: 120

NOAEC: 42*

(based on reproduction)	NA	Supplemental	454224-12

Acute – Estuarine/

Marine	Mysid (Americamysis bahia)	97.6	96-hr LC50: 51*	Very highly toxic Acceptable	454224-03

Chronic – Estuarine/

Marine	Mysid (Mysidopsis bahia)	97.6	LOAEC: 9.7

NOAEC: 5.1*

(based on reproduction)	NA	Acceptable	454224-05

*denotes values used to calculate RQs

Incidents

EFED maintains an incident database system called the Ecological Incident Information System (EIIS) to track and evaluate accidental kills associated with pesticide use. Based on the information contained in the incident report, the likelihood of a particular pesticide causing the incident is classified as highly probable, probable, possible, or unlikely. If there are incidents, the information will be reviewed and considered in conjunction with the degree to which the LOCs were exceeded, information on sales, local use practices, and monitored levels in the environment to determine whether the predicted effect based on labeled use of the product is likely to occur or not.

A search of the EIIS database on May 17, 2010 did not identify any adverse ecological incidents involving thiamethoxam.  Although incident reporting is required under FIFRA Section 6(a)(2), the absence of reports in EIIS does not indicate that the chemical has no effects on wildlife; rather, it is possible that incidents have gone unreported. A search of the EIIS database on May 15, 2009 for incidents involving other neonicotinoids, including clothianidin, imidacloprid, and dinotefuran, identified several incidents. These incidents involved large numbers of bees as well as birds, plants, crayfish, and fish and are currently under review.

Several incidents involving bee kills with other neonicotinoid insecticides in Europe have been reported. For example, a bee kill incident in Germany in May 2008 was likely caused by use of clothianidin as a seed treatment for corn. A seed sticker was not used for the dust treatment, and seeds were planted using upward rather than downward venting equipment, which caused clothianidin dust particles to drift. In addition, heavy rain caused the corn seed to be planted later than normal when neighboring canola fields were already in bloom. Similar incidents have occurred in France, Italy, and Slovenia, causing the need for regulatory action. A thorough review of all incidents is currently underway.

5.	Ecological Risks Summary

5.1.	Potential Risks of Thiamethoxam Exposure to Terrestrial Organisms

This assessment assumes that birds and mammals consume 100% of their diet as treated seeds, and 1% of seeds are available to be consumed as labels specify incorporation of treated seed to a depth of at least one inch.

Birds

Thiamethoxam is classified as practically non-toxic to birds on a dietary basis and slightly toxic on an acute oral dose basis. Risk quotients were not calculated to estimate risks to birds on a dietary basis because no lethal effects were observed at the limit concentration for avian dietary toxicity studies.  Dose-based acute and chronic RQs for birds are shown in Table 10.

For small birds, all three acute LOCs were exceeded for birds consuming treated dry bulb onion, brassica (cole) leafy vegetable, and carrot seed using method 1 (mg a.i./kg-bw/day/LD50). The acute restricted use LOC and acute listed species LOC were exceeded for small birds consuming treated corn and leafy vegetable seeds using method 1 (mg a.i./kg-bw/day/LD50). Using method 2 (mg a.i./ft2/(LD50*bw), none of the RQs exceeded any of the LOCs. Chronic LOC exceedances were observed for corn, dry bulb onions, leafy vegetables, brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, and carrots. RQs ranged from 0.04 to 4.89.  The peanut seed treatment did not produce chronic LOC exceedances. Chronic effects observed at the LOAEC for birds included weight loss in parental males for mallards (LOAEC = 900 mg/kg-diet) and reduced egg size for bobwhite quails (LOAEC > 900 mg/kg-diet).

Mammals

Thiamethoxam is classified as slightly toxic to mammals on an acute oral basis. None of the acute RQs exceeded concern levels (Table 10). The chronic LOC is exceeded for small mammals consuming treated corn, dry bulb onion, leafy vegetable, brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, and carrot seed. RQs ranged from 0.06 to 7.33. The peanut seed treatment did not produce chronic LOC exceedances. Chronic effects observed at the LOAEL (30 mg/kg-bw/day) for mammals included increased incidence and severity of tubular atrophy in the testes of male rats.

Table 10.  Summary of Avian and Mammalian RQs for Thiamethoxam (Cruiser) Seed Treatment Use

Use	Avian (20 g)	Mammalian (15 g)

	Acute

(Method 1)1	Acute (Method 2)2	Chronic3	Acute

(Method 1)1	Acute

(Method 2)2	Chronic3

Cruiser 5FS

Peanuts*	0.01	<0.01	0.04	<0.01	<0.01	0.06

Corn	0.33	<0.01	1.28	0.02	<0.01	1.92

Cruiser 70WS

Dry Bulb Onions*	0.51	<0.01	2.00	0.04	<0.01	3.00

	0.51	<0.01	2.00	0.04	<0.01	3.00

Leafy Vegetables	0.37	<0.01	1.48	0.03	<0.01	2.22

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables	1.24	<0.01	4.89	0.09	<0.01	7.33

Carrots	0.93	<0.01	3.67	0.07	<0.01	5.50

Cruiser PD

Peanuts*	0.01	<0.01	0.04	<0.01	<0.01	0.06

*Proposed uses

1Method 1 calculated using the following equation: RQ = (mg a.i./kg-bw/day) / LD50

2Method 2 calculated using the following equation: RQ = (mg a.i./ft2) / (LD50 * bw)

3Chronic RQ calculated using the following formula: RQ = (mg a.i./kg seed) / NOAEC

RQs based on EECs multiplied by an incorporation factor of 0.01 to account for burying of seed.

Terrestrial Plants

Data were not submitted to assess the toxicity of thiamethoxam to terrestrial plants. Therefore, risks to terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants are presumed.

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Currently, EFED does not quantify potential risks of pesticides to non-listed terrestrial non-target arthropods. However, based on the data submitted on honey bee toxicity, thiamethoxam is highly toxic to honey bees (LD50 = 0.024 and 0.005 µg/bee on an acute contact and oral exposure basis, respectively). It is possible that terrestrial invertebrates, especially pollinators such as bees, would be exposed to thiamethoxam, as it is a systemic, persistent insecticide. Uncertainties remain regarding the effects to non-target arthropods through exposure to translocated residues (the parent thiamethoxam and the degradate clothianidin) in nectar and pollen. While the degree to which thiamethoxam is metabolized to clothianidin within the plant is unknown and may vary by crop, clothianidin has similar toxicity to thiamethoxam, which is demonstrated by acute contact and oral honey bee data. Pollinator field study data have been requested to evaluate potential effects through these possible routes of exposure; some data have been received and are currently under review. In addition, residue data in the open literature has recently been identified as well as data produced for the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. These data will be reviewed and included in future assessments as appropriate.

Due to the incidents associated with other neonicotinoids in Europe (see Section 4.3) and considering the available data, potential for risks to pollinators and other non-target beneficial arthropods resulting from the proposed and existing applications of thiamethoxam exists. These risks were not quantified. A practice to mitigate risks to non-target arthropods, which may provide commercially important pollination and other ecological services, includes, but is not limited to, establishing and maintaining alternative untreated habitat and forage in areas surrounding agricultural fields.

5.2.	Potential Risks of Thiamethoxam Exposure to Aquatic Organisms

5.2.1.	Fish

A definitive LC50 was not established for thiamethoxam for both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. As a result, acute risk quotients were not calculated for fish. However, a comparison of the established NOAEC values of 100,000 µg/L for rainbow trout, 114,000 µg/L for bluegill sunfish, and 111,000 µg/L for sheepshead minnow from acute exposure studies with the estimated peak surface water concentrations of thiamethoxam, which ranged from 0.45 to 11.47 µg/L, suggest that estimated peak exposure concentrations are well below the concentrations shown to result in no adverse effects to both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Therefore, potential risks do not trigger concerns at this time for either freshwater or estuarine/marine fish on the acute exposure basis.

Although no chronic effects on reproduction were noted, a comparison of the highest dose tested in the study (20,000 µg/L) for freshwater rainbow trout with the 60-day average EECs (0.27 to 7.58 µg/L) indicated that exposure estimates are well below concern levels for potential chronic risks to freshwater fish. Although chronic data were not submitted for estuarine/marine fish, chronic risks would similarly fall below concern levels as acute freshwater and estuarine/marine fish data do not suggest a difference in sensitivity across media.

5.2.2	Aquatic Invertebrates

A summary of risk quotients based on acute exposure of freshwater midge and estuarine/marine mysid to thiamethoxam is presented in Table 11, below. With risk quotients ranging from 0.01 – 0.33 for freshwater midge, the acute listed species and restricted use LOCs are exceeded for freshwater invertebrates for most of the scenarios. Only four scenarios assessed (two for dry bulb onions, one for peanuts, and one for corn) did not produce RQs that exceeded LOCs. Every assessed use exceeded the restricted use and listed species LOC except for peanuts, which did not result in any LOC exceedances. RQs for estuarine/marine species were <0.01; acute risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates did not exceed LOCs. Chronic risks to aquatic invertebrates based on exposure to thiamethoxam do not exceed LOCs based on the NOAEC value of 50,000 µg/L and peak exposure concentrations of 11.47 µg/L and less.

Table 11. Acute Risk Quotients for Aquatic Invertebrates Thiamethoxam Applications Based on Selected Crop Scenarios

Proposed Label Use	PRZM/EXAMS

Scenario

(first app. date)	Application Rate 	Peak

EEC

(µg/L)	Freshwater

Acute RQ	Estuarine/

Marine

Acute RQ

Dry Bulb Onions	CA Onion

(Jan. 9)

	1 app @ 0.180 lb a.i./acre	0.45	0.01	<0.01

	GA Onion

(Sept. 8)	1 app @ 0.180 lb a.i./acre	5.89	0.17**	<0.01

	CA Onion

(Jan. 9)

	1 app @ 0.300 lb a.i./acre	0.75	0.02	<0.01

	GA Onion

(Sept. 8)	1 app @ 0.300 lb a.i./acre	9.82	0.28**	<0.01

Carrots	FL Carrots

(Oct. 9)	1 app @ 0.220 lb a.i./acre	4.48	0.13**	<0.01

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables

	CA Cole Crop

(Dec. 25)	1 app @ 0.220 lb a.i./acre	3.79	0.11**	<0.01

Leafy Vegetables

	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	1 app @ 0.266 lb a.i./acre	11.47	0.33**	<0.01

	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	2 apps @ 0.133 lb a.i./acre

(180 days between plantings)	5.93	0.17**	<0.01

	CA Lettuce

(Feb. 9)	1 app @ 0.133 lb a.i./acre	5.71	0.16**	<0.01

	CA Lettuce

(Sept. 9)	1 app @ 0.133 lb a.i./acre	2.87	0.08*	<0.01

Peanuts	NC Peanuts

(May 9)	1 app @ 0.08 lb a.i./acre

0.72	0.02	<0.01

Corn	IA Corn

(May 18)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.79	0.08*	<0.01

	IL Corn

(May 24)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.25	0.06*	<0.01

	IN Corn

(May 8)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	4.19	0.12**	<0.01

	KS Corn

(May 3)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	5.69	0.16**	<0.01

	MN Corn

(May 8)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.55	0.07*	<0.01

	MS Corn

(April 3)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	8.59	0.24**	<0.01

	NC Corn

(April 8)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	2.16	0.06*	<0.01

	NE Corn

(May 18)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	7.37	0.21**	<0.01

	OH Corn

(April 24)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	5.97	0.17**	<0.01

	PA Corn

(April 9)	1 app @ 0.21 lb a.i./acre	1.53	0.04	<0.01

*Exceeds acute listed species LOC (0.05).

** Exceeds acute listed species (0.05) and acute restricted use (0.1) LOCs.

Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth, 100

% application efficiency and 0% spray drift.

Based on the acute to chronic ratio (ACR)-derived midge NOAEC (NOAEC <16.51 µg/L, see Section 4.1.2 of the previous assessment; DP357206, May 18, 2009), it is possible for chronic LOCs to be exceeded because chronic EECs ranged from 0.39 to 9.85 µg/L. Chronic risk to freshwater invertebrates cannot be ruled out until acceptable chronic midge data (satisfied by the 850.1735 guideline) providing a definitive NOAEC is submitted to the Agency. Since the ACR-derived midge NOAEC is non-definitive (<16.51 µg/L), chronic risks to freshwater invertebrates were assumed to exceed LOCs for all uses. Additionally, either the chronic midge data or a chronic estuarine/marine study is needed to evaluate risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates. In the absence of this data, chronic risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates were assumed for listed species.  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1

Aquatic Plants

Potential risks to aquatic plants from the proposed new uses of thiamethoxam were evaluated using the toxicity data for a vascular plant (Lemna gibba) and a non-vascular plant (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Toxicity values for these two aquatic plants were non-definitive (> than the highest concentration tested); therefore, risks for the above species were ascertained based on the comparisons of estimated peak thiamethoxam concentrations in surface water and the non-definitive toxicity values. The most conservative peak EEC (11.47 µg/L for treated leafy vegetable seed) is more than three orders of magnitude lower than the non-definitive toxicity values for vascular (EC50 >90,000 µg/L) and non-vascular (EC50 >97,000 µg/L) plants; therefore, risks to aquatic plants are presumably less than concern levels.

5.3.	Potential Risks of Major Degradate CGA-322704 (Clothianidin) Exposure to Aquatic Organisms

The acute listed species LOC was exceeded for all scenarios assessed except for peanuts for freshwater invertebrates exposed to the degradate CGA-322704 (clothianidin) as a result of the proposed or registered thiamethoxam applications (Table 12). In addition, the acute restricted use LOC was exceeded for leafy vegetables exposed to the degradate CGA-322704 (clothianidin). The chronic LOC was not exceeded for any use.

Table 12. Risk Quotients for Freshwater Invertebrates Exposed to Major Degradate CGA-322704 (Clothianidin) of Thiamethoxam for Surface Water

Proposed Label Use	Peak EEC

(µg/L)	Acute RQ	21-day EEC

(µg/L)	Chronic RQ

Dry Bulb Onions	1.02	0.05*	0.99	0.02

	1.76	0.08*	1.71	0.04

Carrots	2.06	0.09*	1.99	0.05

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables

	1.27	0.06*	1.24	0.03

Leafy Vegetables

	2.23	0.10**	2.19	0.05

Peanuts	0.14	0.01	0.14	<0.01

Corn	1.88	0.08*	1.84	0.04

*Application rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of thiamethoxam to clothianidin  in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86, the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam).

Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth; 100

% application efficiency and 0% spray drift is assumed.

RQs did not exceed acute or chronic LOCs for estuarine/marine invertebrates exposed to the degradate CGA-322704 (clothianidin) as a result of any of the proposed or registered thiamethoxam application rates (Table 13).

Table 13. Risk Quotients for Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates Exposed to Major Degradate CGA-322704 (Clothianidin) of Thiamethoxam for Surface Water

Proposed Label Use	Peak EEC

(µg/L)	Acute RQ	21-day EEC

(µg/L)	Chronic RQ

Dry Bulb Onions	1.02	0.02	0.99	0.19

	1.76	0.03	1.71	0.34

Carrots	2.06	0.04	1.99	0.39

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables

	1.27	0.02	1.24	0.23

Leafy Vegetables

	2.23	0.04	2.19	0.43

Peanuts	0.14	<0.01	0.14	0.03

Corn	1.88	0.04	1.84	0.36

*Application rate of clothianidin = (thiamethoxam application rate) x (0.132, the maximum conversion rate from the degradation of  thiamethoxam to clothianidin  in the field dissipation studies) x (0.86, the molecular weight ratio of clothianidin to thiamethoxam)/

Seed treatment is the method of application for all crop scenarios with a 2.54 cm. incorporation depth; 100

% application efficiency and 0% spray drift is assumed.

6.	Data Gaps and Uncertainties

1. Whole Sediment Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Invertebrates (850.1735):

This 28-day study measures survival, growth, and emergence of Chironomus riparius that has been exposed to pesticide-spiked sediment and overlying water. EFED recommends that a request be made for this acute sediment toxicity test, which also measures chronic effects, because thiamethoxam is very highly toxic to midge and is persistent in the environment. The previously submitted study on midge (MRID 447149-18) larvae exposed to thiamethoxam-spiked water solution and is 48 hours in duration. Therefore, chronic risks to sediment-dwelling midge could not be comprehensively assessed using this study. Prior to initiation of this study, a protocol should be submitted to EFED for approval.

2. Field Test for Pollinators (850.3040):

Because thiamethoxam is highly toxic to honey bees on an acute exposure basis and is a persistent, mobile, and systemic insecticide, pollinators have a high potential of being exposed to and affected by residues of thiamethoxam and its degradation products (clothianidin) in pollen and nectar of plants. EFED recommends that the registrant conduct field studies at maximum proposed label rates using crops that are attractive to bees (e.g., pears or apples) for seed treatment, foliar, and soil applications. These three studies should be conducted in consultation with EFED and should examine the exposure and effects to adults and brood. The studies should measure the amount of thiamethoxam translocated to the nectar and pollen of the target crop and rotational crops and potential adverse effects, including sublethal effects.

3. Terrestrial Plant Toxicity, Tier I (seedling emergence) (850.4100): Testing of a typical end-use product (TEP) is required for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate.  Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currently, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effects to all listed species based on potential habitat modification.

 for all pesticides having outdoor uses at the proposed maximum application rate.  Because thiamethoxam is an insecticide, Tier II studies are not required unless Tier I studies indicate a ≥ 25% effect to various growth parameters relative to the control. Currently, the lack of these data results in a presumption of indirect effects to all listed species based on potential habitat modification.

5. Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Test (850.2100): Data are required for one passerine species and either one waterfowl species or one upland game bird species for terrestrial, aquatic, forestry, and residential outdoor uses.  The current method of calculating a weight-adjusted LD50 using bobwhite quail or mallard duck data may over- or under-estimate risks to passerines because these birds may metabolize the chemical differently. Because the 850.2100 guideline has not yet been finalized, protocols for the study of passerine species should be submitted to EPA for approval prior to study initiation.

Additionally, the following uncertainties were identified for this risk assessment:

Studies are not available to document the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on chronic exposure basis to both estuarine/marine fish and invertebrates. However, the acute studies for both freshwater fish and estuarine/marine fish do not suggest a great difference in toxicity across media; effects are expected to be similar for both freshwater and estuarine/marine fish. Currently, risks are assumed to estuarine/marine invertebrates on a chronic basis; if a definitive chronic freshwater midge study (850.1735; see data gap #1) is received, the acute-to-chronic ratio method can also be used to extrapolate risks to estuarine/marine invertebrates as follows:                                                                   Chronic toxicitymysid shrimp= Acute toxicitymysid shrimp x Chronic toxicitymidge / Acute toxicitymidge.                                                                                However, the acute-to-chronic ratio adds uncertainty to the risk estimation because the actual toxicity value and the resulting risk quotients may be over- or under-estimated.

This risk assessment only considered the most sensitive of the species evaluated in the registrant-submitted studies. The position of the tested species relative to the distribution of all species’ sensitivities to thiamethoxam is unknown. Extrapolating the risk conclusions from the most sensitive tested species to non-tested species may either underestimate or overestimate the potential risks to those species. The acute toxicity of thiamethoxam to midge (EC50 = 35 µg/L) and water flea (EC50 >106,000 µg/L) highlights this point.

7.	Listed Species

This assessment identified potential direct effects to terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, birds (surrogate for reptiles and terrestrial amphibians), and mammals,  Also, potential risks to listed terrestrial plants were assumed to exceed concern levels due to the absence of toxicity data for terrestrial plants. LOC exceedances for listed species are summarized in Table 14.

Table 14.  Potential Effects to Federally Listed Taxa

Listed Taxa	Direct Effects1	Indirect Effects2

Terrestrial and semi-aquatic plants – monocots and dicots	Yes	Yes

Birds	Yes – Acute

Yes – Chronic	Yes

Terrestrial-phase amphibians	Yes – Acute

Yes – Chronic	Yes

Reptiles	Yes – Acute

Yes – Chronic	Yes

Mammals	No – Acute

Yes – Chronic 	Yes

Aquatic plants	No	Yes

Freshwater fish	No	Yes

Aquatic-phase amphibians	No	Yes

Freshwater invertebrates	Yes – Acute

Yes – Chronic 	Yes

Mollusks	No	Yes

Marine/estuarine fish	No	Yes

Marine/estuarine invertebrates	No – Acute

Yes – Chronic	Yes

Terrestrial invertebrates	Yes	Yes

1The Agency’s Level of Concern was exceeded for freshwater invertebrates (acute), birds (acute and chronic), and mammals (chronic); risks to terrestrial plants and chronic risks to all aquatic invertebrates were assumed due to the absence of data, and there is potential for risks to terrestrial invertebrates even though a method for risk quantification is not in practice.

2Indirect effects to a listed species occur when its prey base is reduced or habitat is modified. Indirect effects to all taxa are assumed due to lack of terrestrial plant data.

LOCATES was used to determine co-occurrence of listed species and the proposed uses of thiamethoxam application to dry bulb onion and peanut seed and the registered uses of thiamethoxam application to carrot, brassica (cole) leafy vegetable, corn, and leafy vegetable seed. These species are included in Appendix 3. Appendix 1: T-REX Inputs/Outputs

Note: EECs and RQs have not been modified to account for incorporation in the following outputs.

Crop	Maximum Seeding Rate (lb a.i./acre)	Application Rate (lb a.i./100 lb seed)

Leafy Vegetables	6	4.43

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables	1.5	14.66

Carrots	2	11

Corn	5.45	3.85

Dry Bulb Onions	3	6

	5	6

Peanuts	64	0.125

Crop	Maximum Application

Rate

(lb a.i./acre)	Maximum Seed Application Rate

(mg a.i./kg-seed)	Avian Nagy Dose

(mg a.i./kg-bw/day)	Mammalian Nagy

Dose

(mg a.i./kg-bw/day)	Available a.i.

(mg a.i./ft2)

Leafy Vegetables	0.266	44300.00	11211.84	9385.92	2.77

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables	0.220	146600.00	37102.83	31060.42	2.29

Carrots	0.220	110000.00	27839.77	23305.91	2.30

Corn	0.210	38500.00	9743.92	8157.07	2.19

Dry Bulb Onions	0.180	60000.00	15185.33	12712.31	1.88

	0.300	60000.00	15185.33	12712.31	3.13

Peanuts	0.080	1250.00	316.36	264.84	0.83

Crop	Risk Quotients†

	Avian (20 g)	Mammalian (15 g)

	Acute (# 1)	Acute (# 2)	Chronic	Acute (# 1)	Acute (# 2)	Chronic

Leafy Vegetables	37.49	0.46	147.67	2.73	0.05	221.50

Brassica (Cole) Leafy Vegetables	124.06	0.38	488.67	9.04	0.04	733.00

Carrots	93.09	0.38	366.67	6.78	0.04	550.00

Corn	32.58	0.37	128.33	2.37	0.04	192.50

Dry Bulb Onions	50.77	0.31	200.00	3.70	0.04	300.00

	50.77	0.52	200.00	3.70	0.06	300.00

Peanuts	1.06	0.14	4.17	0.08	0.02	6.25

Appendix 2: PRZM/EXAMS Outputs

Thiamethoxam

Clothianidin

Appendix 3: LOCATES Run

	Species Listing by State with Use Criteria

	No species were excluded

	Minimum of 1 Acre.

	All Medium Types Reported

	Mammal, Marine mml, Bird, Amphibian, Reptile, Fish, Crustacean, Bivalve,

	Gastropod, Arachnid, Insect, Dicot, Monocot, Ferns, Conf/cycds, Coral, Lichen

	onions - dry, peanuts for nuts, carrots, corn for grain, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage

	- head, cauliflower, chinese cabbage, collards, kale, lettuce, all, popcorn (shelled), spinach

	Alabama	( 91) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Salamander, Flatwoods	Threatened	Amphibian	No

	(Ambystoma cingulatum)	Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Salamander, Red Hills	Threatened	Amphibian	No

	(Phaeognathus hubrichti)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Plover, Piping	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Charadrius melodus)	Terrestrial

	Stork, Wood	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Mycteria americana)	Terrestrial

	Woodpecker, Red-cockaded	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Picoides borealis)	Terrestrial

	Combshell, Southern (=Penitent mussel)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Epioblasma penita)	Freshwater

	Combshell, Upland	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Epioblasma metastriata)	Freshwater

	Kidneyshell, Triangular	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Ptychobranchus greenii)	Freshwater

	Mucket, Orangenacre	Threatened	Bivalve	Yes

	(Lampsilis perovalis)	Freshwater

	Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis abrupta)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Acornshell Southern	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Epioblasma othcaloogensis)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Alabama Moccasinshell	Threatened	Bivalve	Yes

	(Medionidus acutissimus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Coosa Moccasinshell	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Medionidus parvulus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Cumberland Combshell	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Epioblasma brevidens)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Dark Pigtoe	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Pleurobema furvum)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Fine-lined Pocketbook	Threatened	Bivalve	Yes

	(Lampsilis altilis)	Freshwater

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	Alabama	( 91) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Mussel, Fine-rayed Pigtoe	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Fusconaia cuneolus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Flat Pigtoe (=Marshall's Mussel)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Pleurobema marshalli)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Heavy Pigtoe (=Judge Tait's Mussel)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Pleurobema taitianum)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Heelsplitter Inflated	Threatened	Bivalve	No

	(Potamilus inflatus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Ovate Clubshell	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Pleurobema perovatum)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Ring Pink (=Golf Stick Pearly)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Obovaria retusa)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Rough Pigtoe	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Pleurobema plenum)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Shiny Pigtoe	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Fusconaia cor)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis subangulata)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Southern Clubshell	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Pleurobema decisum)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Southern Pigtoe	Endangered	Bivalve	Yes

	(Pleurobema georgianum)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Alabama Lamp	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis virescens)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Cracking	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Hemistena lata)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Cumberland Monkeyface	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Quadrula intermedia)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Orange-footed	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Plethobasus cooperianus)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Pale Lilliput	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Toxolasma cylindrellus)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Turgid-blossom	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Epioblasma turgidula)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, White Wartyback	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Plethobasus cicatricosus)	Freshwater

	Stirrupshell	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Quadrula stapes)	Freshwater

	Shrimp, Alabama Cave	Endangered	Crustacean	No

	(Palaemonias alabamae)	Freshwater

	Amphianthus, Little	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Amphianthus pusillus)	Freshwater

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	Alabama	( 91) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Barbara Buttons, Mohr's	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Marshallia mohrii)	Terrestrial

	Bladderpod, Lyrate	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Lesquerella lyrata)	Terrestrial

	Clover, Leafy Prairie	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dalea foliosa)	Terrestrial

	Harperella	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Ptilimnium nodosum)	Freshwater

	Leather-flower, Alabama	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Clematis socialis)	Terrestrial

	Leather-flower, Morefield's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Clematis morefieldii)	Terrestrial

	Pitcher-plant, Alabama Canebrake	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Sarracenia rubra alabamensis)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Pitcher-plant, Green	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Sarracenia oreophila)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Potato-bean, Price's	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Apios priceana)	Terrestrial

	Fern, Alabama Streak-sorus	Threatened	Ferns	No

	(Thelypteris pilosa var. alabamensis)	Terrestrial

	Fern, American hart's-tongue	Threatened	Ferns	No

	(Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum)	Terrestrial

	Quillwort, Louisiana	Endangered	Ferns	No

	(Isoetes louisianensis)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Cavefish, Alabama	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni)	Freshwater

	Chub, Spotfin	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Erimonax monachus)	Freshwater

	Darter, Boulder	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Etheostoma wapiti)	Freshwater

	Darter, Goldline	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Percina aurolineata)	Freshwater

	Darter, Slackwater	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Etheostoma boschungi)	Freshwater

	Darter, Snail	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Percina tanasi)	Freshwater

	Darter, Vermilion	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Etheostoma chermocki)	Freshwater

	Darter, Watercress	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Etheostoma nuchale)	Freshwater

	Madtom, Yellowfin	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Noturus flavipinnis)	Freshwater

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	Alabama	( 91) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Sculpin, Pygmy	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Cottus paulus (=pygmaeus))	Freshwater

	Shiner, Blue	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Cyprinella caerulea)	Freshwater

	Shiner, Cahaba	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Notropis cahabae)	Freshwater

	Shiner, Palezone	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Notropis albizonatus)	Freshwater

	Sturgeon, Alabama	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Scaphirhynchus suttkusi)	Freshwater

	Sturgeon, Gulf	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi)	Saltwater, Freshwater

	Campeloma, Slender	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Campeloma decampi)	Freshwater

	Elimia, Lacy	Threatened	Gastropod	No

	(Elimia crenatella)	Freshwater

	Pebblesnail, Flat	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Lepyrium showalteri)	Freshwater

	Riversnail, Anthony's	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Athearnia anthonyi)	Freshwater

	Rocksnail, Painted	Threatened	Gastropod	No

	(Leptoxis taeniata)	Freshwater

	Rocksnail, Plicate	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Leptoxis plicata)	Freshwater

	Rocksnail, Round	Threatened	Gastropod	No

	(Leptoxis ampla)	Freshwater

	Snail, Armored	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Pyrgulopsis (=Marstonia) pachyta)	Freshwater

	Snail, Lioplax Cylindrical	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Lioplax cyclostomaformis)	Freshwater

	Snail, Tulotoma	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Tulotoma magnifica)	Terrestrial

	Bat, Gray	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Myotis grisescens)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial

	Bat, Indiana	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Myotis sodalis)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial

	Mouse, Alabama Beach	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Peromyscus polionotus ammobates)	Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

	Mouse, Perdido Key Beach	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis)	Coastal (neritic)

	Whale, Finback	Endangered	Marine mml	No

	(Balaenoptera physalus)	Saltwater

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	Alabama	( 91) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Whale, Humpback	Endangered	Marine mml	No

	(Megaptera novaeangliae)	Saltwater

	Grass, Tennessee Yellow-eyed	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Xyris tennesseensis)	Terrestrial

	Trillium, Relict	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Trillium reliquum)	Terrestrial

	Water-plantain, Kral's	Threatened	Monocot	No

	(Sagittaria secundifolia)	Freshwater

	Sea turtle, hawksbill	Endangered	Reptile	Yes

	(Eretmochelys imbricata)	Saltwater

	Sea turtle, Kemp's ridley	Endangered	Reptile	No

	(Lepidochelys kempii)	Saltwater

	Sea turtle, leatherback	Endangered	Reptile	Yes

	(Dermochelys coriacea)	Saltwater

	Sea turtle, loggerhead	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Caretta caretta)	Saltwater

	Snake, Eastern Indigo	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Drymarchon corais couperi)	Terrestrial

	Tortoise, Gopher	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Gopherus polyphemus)	Terrestrial

	Turtle, Alabama Red-bellied	Endangered	Reptile	No

	(Pseudemys alabamensis)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Turtle, Flattened Musk	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Sternotherus depressus)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Alaska	( 2) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Fern, Aleutian Shield	Endangered	Ferns	No

	(Polystichum aleuticum)	Terrestrial

	Otter, Northern Sea	Threatened	Marine mml	No

	(Enhydra lutris kenyoni)	Saltwater

	Arizona	( 57) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Frog, Chiricahua Leopard	Threatened	Amphibian	No

	(Rana chiricahuensis)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Salamander, Sonora Tiger	Endangered	Amphibian	No

	(Ambystoma tigrinum stebbinsi)	Vernal pool, Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Bobwhite, Masked	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Colinus virginianus ridgwayi)	Terrestrial

	Condor, California	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Gymnogyps californianus)	Terrestrial

	Eagle, Bald	Threatened	Bird	No

	(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)	Terrestrial

	Falcon, Northern Aplomado	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Falco femoralis septentrionalis)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:14 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 5 of 95

	Arizona	( 57) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Empidonax traillii extimus)	Terrestrial

	Owl, Mexican Spotted	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Strix occidentalis lucida)	Terrestrial

	Pygmy-owl, Cactus Ferruginous	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Glaucidium brasilianum cactorum)	Terrestrial

	Rail, Yuma Clapper	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Rallus longirostris yumanensis)	Terrestrial

	Blue-star, Kearney's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Amsonia kearneyana)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Arizona Hedgehog	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Brady Pincushion	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pediocactus bradyi)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Cochise Pincushion	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Coryphantha robbinsorum)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Nichol's Turk's Head	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Peebles Navajo	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pediocactus peeblesianus peeblesianus)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Pima Pineapple	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Siler Pincushion	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Pediocactus (=Echinocactus,=Utahia) sileri)	Terrestrial

	Cliffrose, Arizona	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Purshia (=cowania) subintegra)	Terrestrial

	Cycladenia, Jones	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Cycladenia jonesii (=humilis))	Terrestrial

	Fleabane, Zuni	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Erigeron rhizomatus)	Terrestrial

	Groundsel, San Francisco Peaks	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Senecio franciscanus)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Holmgren	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus holmgreniorum)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Sentry	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus cremnophylax var. cremnophylax)	Terrestrial

	Milkweed, Welsh's	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Asclepias welshii)	Terrestrial

	Umbel, Huachuca Water	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Lilaeopsis schaffneriana var. recurva)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Catfish, Yaqui	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Ictalurus pricei)	Freshwater

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 6 of 95

	Arizona	( 57) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Chub, Bonytail	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila elegans)	Freshwater

	Chub, Gila	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila intermedia)	Freshwater

	Chub, Humpback	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila cypha)	Freshwater

	Chub, Sonora	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Gila ditaenia)	Freshwater

	Chub, Virgin River	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila seminuda (=robusta))	Freshwater

	Chub, Yaqui	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila purpurea)	Freshwater

	Minnow, Loach	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Tiaroga cobitis)	Freshwater

	Pupfish, Desert	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Cyprinodon macularius)	Freshwater

	Shiner, Beautiful	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Cyprinella formosa)	Freshwater

	Spikedace	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Meda fulgida)	Freshwater

	Spinedace, Little Colorado	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Lepidomeda vittata)	Freshwater

	Squawfish, Colorado	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Ptychocheilus lucius)	Freshwater

	Sucker, Razorback	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Xyrauchen texanus)	Freshwater

	Topminnow, Gila (Yaqui)	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Poeciliopsis occidentalis)	Freshwater

	Trout, Apache	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus apache)	Freshwater

	Trout, Gila	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus gilae)	Freshwater

	Woundfin	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Plagopterus argentissimus)	Freshwater

	Ambersnail, Kanab	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Oxyloma haydeni kanabensis)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Bat, Lesser (=Sanborn's) Long-nosed	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial

	Ferret, Black-footed	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Mustela nigripes)	Terrestrial

	Jaguar	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Panthera onca)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 7 of 95

	Arizona	( 57) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Jaguarundi, Sinaloan	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Herpailurus (=Felis) yagouaroundi tolteca)	Terrestrial

	Ocelot	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Leopardus (=Felis) pardalis)	Terrestrial

	Pronghorn, Sonoran	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Antilocapra americana sonoriensis)	Terrestrial

	Squirrel, Mount Graham Red	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis)	Terrestrial

	Vole, Hualapai Mexican	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Microtus mexicanus hualpaiensis)	Terrestrial

	Ladies'-tresses, Canelo Hills	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Spiranthes delitescens)	Terrestrial

	Sedge, Navajo	Threatened	Monocot	Yes

	(Carex specuicola)	Terrestrial

	Rattlesnake, New Mexican Ridge-nosed	Threatened	Reptile	Yes

	(Crotalus willardi obscurus)	Terrestrial

	Tortoise, Desert	Threatened	Reptile	Yes

	(Gopherus agassizii)	Terrestrial

	Arkansas	( 20) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Tern, Interior (population) Least	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Sterna antillarum)	Terrestrial

	Woodpecker, Red-cockaded	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Picoides borealis)	Terrestrial

	Fatmucket, Arkansas	Threatened	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis powelli)	Freshwater

	Mucket, Pink (Pearlymussel)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis abrupta)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Scaleshell	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Leptodea leptodon)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Speckled Pocketbook	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis streckeri)	Freshwater

	Pearlymussel, Fat Pocketbook	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Potamilus capax)	Freshwater

	Rock-pocketbook, Ouachita (=Wheeler's pm)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Arkansia wheeleri)	Freshwater

	Crayfish, Cave (Cambarus aculabrum)	Endangered	Crustacean	No

	(Cambarus aculabrum)	Freshwater

	Bladderpod, Missouri	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Lesquerella filiformis)	Terrestrial

	Fruit, Earth (=geocarpon)	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Geocarpon minimum)	Terrestrial

	Harperella	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Ptilimnium nodosum)	Freshwater

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 8 of 95

	Arkansas	( 20) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Pondberry	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lindera melissifolia)	Terrestrial

	Cavefish, Ozark	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Amblyopsis rosae)	Freshwater

	Darter, Leopard	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Percina pantherina)	Freshwater

	Sturgeon, Pallid	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Scaphirhynchus albus)	Freshwater

	Shagreen, Magazine Mountain	Threatened	Gastropod	No

	(Mesodon magazinensis)	Terrestrial

	Beetle, American Burying	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Nicrophorus americanus)	Terrestrial

	Bat, Gray	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Myotis grisescens)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial

	Bat, Ozark Big-eared	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Corynorhinus (=Plecotus) townsendii ingens)	Terrestrial, Subterraneous

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Frog, California Red-legged	Threatened	Amphibian	Yes

	(Rana aurora draytonii)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Frog, Mountain Yellow-legged	Endangered	Amphibian	No

	(Gopherus agassizii)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Salamander, California Tiger	Endangered	Amphibian	No

	(Ambystoma californiense)	Terrestrial, Vernal pool

	Salamander, Desert Slender	Endangered	Amphibian	No

	(Batrachoseps aridus)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Salamander, Santa Cruz Long-toed	Endangered	Amphibian	No

	(Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum)	Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Toad, Arroyo Southwestern	Endangered	Amphibian	Yes

	(Bufo californicus (=microscaphus))	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Condor, California	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Gymnogyps californianus)	Terrestrial

	Flycatcher, Southwestern Willow	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Empidonax traillii extimus)	Terrestrial

	Gnatcatcher, Coastal California	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Polioptila californica californica)	Terrestrial

	Murrelet, Marbled	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus)	Freshwater, Terrestrial, Saltwater

	Owl, Northern Spotted	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Strix occidentalis caurina)	Terrestrial

	Plover, Western Snowy	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus)	Terrestrial

	Rail, California Clapper	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Rallus longirostris obsoletus)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 9 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Rail, Light-footed Clapper	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Rallus longirostris levipes)	Terrestrial

	Rail, Yuma Clapper	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Rallus longirostris yumanensis)	Terrestrial

	Shrike, San Clemente Loggerhead	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi)	Terrestrial

	Sparrow, San Clemente Sage	Threatened	Bird	No

	(Amphispiza belli clementeae)	Terrestrial

	Tern, California Least	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Sterna antillarum browni)	Terrestrial

	Towhee, Inyo Brown	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Pipilo crissalis eremophilus)	Terrestrial

	Vireo, Least Bell's	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Vireo bellii pusillus)	Terrestrial

	Cypress, Gowen	Threatened	Conf/cycds	No

	(Cupressus goveniana ssp. goveniana)	Terrestrial

	Cypress, Santa Cruz	Endangered	Conf/cycds	No

	(Cupressus abramsiana)	Terrestrial

	Crayfish, Shasta	Endangered	Crustacean	No

	(Pacifastacus fortis)	Freshwater

	Fairy Shrimp, Conservancy Fairy	Endangered	Crustacean	Yes

	(Branchinecta conservatio)	Vernal pool

	Fairy Shrimp, Longhorn	Endangered	Crustacean	Yes

	(Branchinecta longiantenna)	Vernal pool

	Fairy Shrimp, Riverside	Endangered	Crustacean	Yes

	(Streptocephalus woottoni)	Vernal pool

	Fairy Shrimp, San Diego	Endangered	Crustacean	Yes

	(Branchinecta sandiegonensis)	Vernal pool

	Fairy Shrimp, Vernal Pool	Threatened	Crustacean	Yes

	(Branchinecta lynchi)	Vernal pool

	Shrimp, California Freshwater	Endangered	Crustacean	No

	(Syncaris pacifica)	Freshwater

	Tadpole Shrimp, Vernal Pool	Endangered	Crustacean	Yes

	(Lepidurus packardi)	Vernal pool

	Adobe Sunburst, San Joaquin	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Pseudobahia peirsonii)	Terrestrial

	Allocarya, Calistoga	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Plagiobothrys strictus)	Vernal pool

	Ambrosia, San Diego	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Ambrosia pumila)	Terrestrial

	Baccharis, Encinitas	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Baccharis vanessae)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 10 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Barberry, Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Berberis pinnata ssp. insularis)	Terrestrial

	Barberry, Nevin's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Berberis nevinii)	Terrestrial

	Bedstraw, El Dorado	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Galium californicum ssp. sierrae)	Terrestrial

	Bedstraw, Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Galium buxifolium)	Terrestrial

	Bird's-beak, Palmate-bracted	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cordylanthus palmatus)	Terrestrial

	Bird's-beak, Pennell's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cordylanthus tenuis ssp. capillaris)	Terrestrial

	Bird's-beak, salt marsh	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cordylanthus maritimus ssp. maritimus)	Saltwater

	Bird's-beak, Soft	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis)	Brackish, Saltwater

	Bladderpod, San Bernardino Mountains	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Lesquerella kingii ssp. bernardina)	Terrestrial

	Bluecurls, Hidden Lake	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Trichostema austromontanum ssp. compactum)	Terrestrial

	Broom, San Clemente Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae)	Terrestrial

	Buckwheat, Cushenbury	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum)	Terrestrial

	Buckwheat, Ione (incl. Irish Hill)	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eriogonum apricum (incl. var. prostratum))	Terrestrial

	Buckwheat, Southern Mountain Wild	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Eriogonum kennedyi var. austromontanum)	Terrestrial

	Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Malacothamnus clementinus)	Terrestrial

	Bush-mallow, Santa Cruz Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. nesioticus)	Terrestrial

	Butterweed, Layne's	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Senecio layneae)	Terrestrial

	Button-celery, San Diego	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Bakersfield	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Opuntia treleasei)	Terrestrial

	Ceanothus, Coyote	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Ceanothus ferrisae)	Terrestrial

	Ceanothus, Pine Hill	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Ceanothus roderickii)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 11 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Ceanothus, Vail Lake	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Ceanothus ophiochilus)	Terrestrial

	Centaury, Spring-loving	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Centaurium namophilum)	Terrestrial

	Checker-mallow, Keck's	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Sidalcea keckii)	Terrestrial

	Checker-mallow, Kenwood Marsh	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Sidalcea oregana ssp. valida)	Terrestrial

	Checker-mallow, Pedate	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Sidalcea pedata)	Terrestrial

	Clarkia, Pismo	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Clarkia speciosa ssp. immaculata)	Terrestrial

	Clarkia, Presidio	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Clarkia franciscana)	Terrestrial

	Clarkia, Springville	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Clarkia springvillensis)	Terrestrial

	Clarkia, Vine Hill	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Clarkia imbricata)	Terrestrial

	Clover, Fleshy Owl's	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Castilleja campestris ssp. succulenta)	Vernal pool

	Clover, Monterey	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Trifolium trichocalyx)	Terrestrial

	Clover, Showy Indian	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Trifolium amoenum)	Terrestrial

	Coyote-thistle, Loch Lomond	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eryngium constancei)	Terrestrial

	Crownbeard, Big-leaved	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Verbesina dissita)	Terrestrial

	Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Atriplex coronata var. notatior)	Terrestrial

	Daisy, Parish's	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Erigeron parishii)	Freshwater

	Dudleya, Conejo	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya abramsii ssp. parva)	Terrestrial

	Dudleya, Marcescent	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens)	Terrestrial

	Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya setchellii)	Terrestrial

	Dudleya, Santa Cruz Island	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya nesiotica)	Terrestrial

	Dudleya, Santa Monica Mountains	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 12 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Dudleya, Verity's	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya verityi)	Terrestrial

	Dwarf-flax, Marin	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Hesperolinon congestum)	Terrestrial

	Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii)	Terrestrial

	Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis)	Terrestrial

	Evening-primrose, San Benito	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Camissonia benitensis)	Terrestrial

	Fiddleneck, Large-flowered	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Amsinckia grandiflora)	Terrestrial

	Flannelbush, Mexican	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Fremontodendron mexicanum)	Terrestrial

	Flannelbush, Pine Hill	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Fremontodendron californicum ssp. decumbens)	Terrestrial

	Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Thysanocarpus conchuliferus)	Terrestrial

	Gilia, Hoffmann's Slender-flowered	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. hoffmannii)	Terrestrial

	Gilia, Monterey	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Gilia tenuiflora ssp. arenaria)	Terrestrial

	Golden Sunburst, Hartweg's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pseudobahia bahiifolia)	Terrestrial

	Goldfields, Burke's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lasthenia burkei)	Terrestrial

	Goldfields, Contra Costa	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Lasthenia conjugens)	Terrestrial

	Grass, Hairy Orcutt	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Orcuttia pilosa)	Vernal pool

	Grass, Sacramento Orcutt	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Orcuttia viscida)	Vernal pool

	Grass, Slender Orcutt	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Orcuttia tenuis)	Vernal pool

	Gumplant, Ash Meadows	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Grindelia fraxino-pratensis)	Terrestrial

	Ivesia, Ash Meadows	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Ivesia kingii var. eremica)	Terrestrial

	Jewelflower, California	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Caulanthus californicus)	Terrestrial

	Jewelflower, Tiburon	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Streptanthus niger)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 13 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Larkspur, Baker's	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Delphinium bakeri)	Terrestrial

	Larkspur, San Clemente Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Delphinium variegatum ssp. kinkiense)	Terrestrial

	Larkspur, Yellow	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Delphinium luteum)	Terrestrial

	Layia, Beach	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Layia carnosa)	Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

	Lessingia, San Francisco	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lessingia germanorum (=L.g. var. germanorum))	Terrestrial

	Liveforever, Laguna Beach	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya stolonifera)	Terrestrial

	Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dudleya traskiae)	Terrestrial

	Lupine, Clover	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lupinus tidestromii)	Coastal (neritic)

	Lupine, Nipomo Mesa	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lupinus nipomensis)	Coastal (neritic)

	Malacothrix, Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Malacothrix squalida)	Terrestrial

	Malacothrix, Santa Cruz Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Malacothrix indecora)	Terrestrial

	Mallow, Kern	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eremalche kernensis)	Terrestrial

	Manzanita, Del Mar	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia)	Terrestrial

	Manzanita, Ione	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Arctostaphylos myrtifolia)	Terrestrial

	Manzanita, Morro	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Arctostaphylos morroensis)	Terrestrial

	Manzanita, Pallid	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Arctostaphylos pallida)	Terrestrial

	Manzanita, Santa Rosa Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Arctostaphylos confertiflora)	Terrestrial

	Meadowfoam, Butte County	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Limnanthes floccosa ssp. californica)	Vernal pool

	Meadowfoam, Sebastopol	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Limnanthes vinculans)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Braunton's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus brauntonii)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Clara Hunt's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus clarianus)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 14 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Milk-vetch, Coachella Valley	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Astragalus lentiginosus var. coachellae)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Coastal Dunes	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus tener var. titi)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Cushenbury	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Astragalus albens)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Fish Slough	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus lentiginosus var. piscinensis)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Lane Mountain	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Astragalus jaegerianus)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Pierson's	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Astragalus magdalenae var. peirsonii)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Triple-ribbed	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus tricarinatus)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Astragalus pycnostachyus var. lanosissimus)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Mint, Otay Mesa	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pogogyne nudiuscula)	Terrestrial

	Mint, San Diego Mesa	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pogogyne abramsii)	Terrestrial

	Monardella, Willowy	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Monardella linoides ssp. viminea)	Terrestrial

	Morning-glory, Stebbins	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Calystegia stebbinsii)	Terrestrial

	Mountainbalm, Indian Knob	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eriodictyon altissimum)	Terrestrial

	Mountain-mahogany, Catalina Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cercocarpus traskiae)	Terrestrial

	Mustard, Slender-petaled	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Thelypodium stenopetalum)	Terrestrial

	Navarretia, Few-flowered	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. pauciflora (=N. pauciflora))	Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Navarretia, Many-flowered	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Navarretia leucocephala ssp. plieantha)	Terrestrial, Vernal pool

	Navarretia, Spreading	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Navarretia fossalis)	Vernal pool

	Niterwort, Amargosa	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Nitrophila mohavensis)	Terrestrial

	Oxytheca, Cushenbury	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Oxytheca parishii var. goodmaniana)	Terrestrial

	Paintbrush, Ash-grey Indian	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Castilleja cinerea)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 15 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Castilleja grisea)	Terrestrial

	Paintbrush, Soft-leaved	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Castilleja mollis)	Terrestrial

	Paintbrush, Tiburon	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Castilleja affinis ssp. neglecta)	Terrestrial

	Penny-cress, Kneeland Prairie	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Thlaspi californicum)	Terrestrial

	Pentachaeta, Lyon's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pentachaeta lyonii)	Terrestrial

	Pentachaeta, White-rayed	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pentachaeta bellidiflora)	Terrestrial

	Phacelia, Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Phacelia insularis ssp. insularis)	Terrestrial

	Phlox, Yreka	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Phlox hirsuta)	Terrestrial

	Polygonum, Scott's Valley	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Polygonum hickmanii)	Terrestrial

	Potentilla, Hickman's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Potentilla hickmanii)	Terrestrial

	Pussypaws, Mariposa	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Calyptridium pulchellum)	Terrestrial

	Rock-cress, Hoffmann's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Arabis hoffmannii)	Terrestrial

	Rock-cress, McDonald's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Arabis mcdonaldiana)	Terrestrial

	Rock-cress, Santa Cruz Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Sibara filifolia)	Terrestrial

	Rush-rose, Island	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Helianthemum greenei)	Terrestrial

	Sandwort, Bear Valley	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Arenaria ursina)	Terrestrial

	Sandwort, Marsh	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Arenaria paludicola)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Sea-blite, California	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Suaeda californica)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Ben Lomond	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chorizanthe pungens var. hartwegiana)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Howell's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chorizanthe howellii)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Monterey	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 16 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Spineflower, Orcutt's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chorizanthe orcuttiana)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Robust	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Chorizanthe robusta var. robusta)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Scotts Valley	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Chorizanthe robusta var. hartwegii)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Slender-horned	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dodecahema leptoceras)	Terrestrial

	Spineflower, Sonoma	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chorizanthe valida)	Terrestrial

	Spurge, Hoover's	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Chamaesyce hooveri)	Vernal pool

	Stickyseed, Baker's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Blennosperma bakeri)	Vernal pool

	Stonecrop, Lake County	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Parvisedum leiocarpum)	Vernal pool

	Sunflower, San Mateo Woolly	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eriophyllum latilobum)	Terrestrial

	Taraxacum, California	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Taraxacum californicum)	Terrestrial

	Tarplant, Gaviota	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Deinandra increscens ssp. villosa)	Terrestrial

	Tarplant, Otay	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Deinandra (=Hemizonia) conjugens)	Terrestrial

	Tarplant, Santa Cruz	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Holocarpha macradenia)	Terrestrial

	Thistle, Chorro creek Bog	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cirsium fontinale var. obispoense)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Thistle, Fountain	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cirsium fontinale var. fontinale)	Terrestrial

	Thistle, La Graciosa	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Cirsium loncholepis)	Coastal (neritic), Freshwater,

	Thistle, Suisun	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum)	Brackish, Terrestrial

	Thornmint, San Diego	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Acanthomintha ilicifolia)	Terrestrial

	Thornmint, San Mateo	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Acanthomintha obovata ssp. duttonii)	Terrestrial

	Tuctoria, Green's	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Tuctoria greenei)	Vernal pool

	Wallflower, Ben Lomond	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Erysimum teretifolium)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 17 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Wallflower, Contra Costa	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Erysimum capitatum var. angustatum)	Terrestrial

	Wallflower, Menzie's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Erysimum menziesii)	Terrestrial

	Watercress, Gambel's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Rorippa gambellii)	Terrestrial, Brackish, Freshwater

	Woodland-star, San Clemente Island	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lithophragma maximum)	Terrestrial

	Woolly-star, Santa Ana River	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eriastrum densifolium ssp. sanctorum)	Terrestrial

	Woolly-threads, San Joaquin	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Monolopia (=Lembertia) congdonii)	Terrestrial

	Yerba Santa, Lompoc	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Eriodictyon capitatum)	Terrestrial

	Chub, Bonytail	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila elegans)	Freshwater

	Chub, Mohave Tui	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Gila bicolor mohavensis)	Freshwater

	Chub, Owens Tui	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila bicolor snyderi)	Freshwater

	Dace, Ash Meadows Speckled	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Rhinichthys osculus nevadensis)	Freshwater

	Goby, Tidewater	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Eucyclogobius newberryi)	Freshwater

	Pupfish, Desert	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Cyprinodon macularius)	Freshwater

	Pupfish, Owens	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Cyprinodon radiosus)	Freshwater

	Salmon, Chinook (California Coastal Run)	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)	Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

	Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Fall Run)	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)	Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

	Salmon, Chinook (Central Valley Spring Run)	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)	Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

	Salmon, Chinook (Sacramento River Winter Run)	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) tshawytscha)	Saltwater, Freshwater, Brackish

	Salmon, Coho (Central California Coast population)	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch)	Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

	Salmon, Coho (Southern OR/Northern CA Coast)	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) kisutch)	Freshwater, Brackish, Saltwater

	Smelt, Delta	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Hypomesus transpacificus)	Freshwater, Brackish

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 18 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Squawfish, Colorado	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Ptychocheilus lucius)	Freshwater

	Steelhead, (California Central Valley population)	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)	Brackish, Freshwater, Saltwater

	Steelhead, (Central California Coast population)	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)	Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

	Steelhead, (Northern California population)	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)	Saltwater, Brackish, Freshwater

	Steelhead, (South-Central California population)	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)	Freshwater, Saltwater, Brackish

	Steelhead, (Southern California population)	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) mykiss)	Brackish, Saltwater, Freshwater

	Stickleback, Unarmored Threespine	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni)	Freshwater

	Sturgeon, green	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Acipenser medirostris)

	Sucker, Lost River	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Deltistes luxatus)	Freshwater

	Sucker, Modoc	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Catostomus microps)	Freshwater

	Sucker, Razorback	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Xyrauchen texanus)	Freshwater

	Sucker, Santa Ana	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Catostomus santaanae)	Freshwater

	Sucker, Shortnose	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Chasmistes brevirostris)	Freshwater

	Trout, Lahontan Cutthroat	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus clarki henshawi)	Freshwater

	Trout, Little Kern Golden	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Oncorhynchus aguabonita whitei)	Freshwater

	Trout, Paiute Cutthroat	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus clarki seleniris)	Freshwater

	Abalone, White	Endangered	Gastropod	No

	(Haliotis sorenseni)	Saltwater

	Snail, Morro Shoulderband	Endangered	Gastropod	Yes

	(Helminthoglypta walkeriana)	Terrestrial

	Beetle, Delta Green Ground	Threatened	Insect	Yes

	(Elaphrus viridis)	Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Beetle, Mount Hermon June	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Polyphylla barbata)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial

	Beetle, Ohlone Tiger	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Cicindela ohlone)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 19 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Beetle, Valley Elderberry Longhorn	Threatened	Insect	Yes

	(Desmocerus californicus dimorphus)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Bay Checkerspot (Wright's euphydryas)	Threatened	Insect	Yes

	(Euphydryas editha bayensis)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Behren's Silverspot	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Speyeria zerene behrensii)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Callippe Silverspot	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Speyeria callippe callippe)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, El Segundo Blue	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Euphilotes battoides allyni)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Lange's Metalmark	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Apodemia mormo langei)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Lotis Blue	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Lycaeides argyrognomon lotis)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Mission Blue	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Icaricia icarioides missionensis)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Myrtle's Silverspot	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Speyeria zerene myrtleae)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Oregon Silverspot	Threatened	Insect	Yes

	(Speyeria zerene hippolyta)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Palos Verdes Blue	Endangered	Insect	Yes

	(Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Quino Checkerspot	Endangered	Insect	Yes

	(Euphydryas editha quino (=E. e. wrighti))	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, San Bruno Elfin	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Callophrys mossii bayensis)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly, Smith's Blue	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Euphilotes enoptes smithi)	Terrestrial

	Fly, Delhi Sands Flower-loving	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis)	Terrestrial

	Grasshopper, Zayante Band-winged	Endangered	Insect	Yes

	(Trimerotropis infantilis)	Terrestrial

	Moth, Kern Primrose Sphinx	Threatened	Insect	No

	(Euproserpinus euterpe)	Terrestrial

	Skipper, Laguna Mountain	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Pyrgus ruralis lagunae)	Terrestrial

	Fox, San Joaquin Kit	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Vulpes macrotis mutica)	Terrestrial

	Fox, San Miguel Island	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Urocyon littoralis littoralis)	Terrestrial

	Fox, Santa Catalina Island	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Urocyon littoralis catalinae)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 20 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Fox, Santa Cruz Island	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Urocyon littoralis santacruzae)	Terrestrial

	Fox, Santa Rosa Island	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Urocyon littoralis santarosae)	Terrestrial

	Kangaroo Rat, Fresno	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Dipodomys nitratoides exilis)	Terrestrial

	Kangaroo Rat, Giant	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Dipodomys ingens)	Terrestrial

	Kangaroo Rat, Morro Bay	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Dipodomys heermanni morroensis)	Terrestrial

	Kangaroo Rat, San Bernardino Merriam's	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Dipodomys merriami parvus)	Terrestrial

	Kangaroo Rat, Stephens'	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Dipodomys stephensi (incl. D. cascus))	Terrestrial

	Kangaroo Rat, Tipton	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides)	Terrestrial

	Mountain Beaver, Point Arena	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Aplodontia rufa nigra)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Mouse, Pacific Pocket	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Perognathus longimembris pacificus)	Terrestrial

	Mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Reithrodontomys raviventris)	Terrestrial

	Rabbit, Riparian Brush	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Sylvilagus bachmani riparius)	Terrestrial

	Sheep, Peninsular Bighorn	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Ovis canadensis)	Terrestrial

	Sheep, Sierra Nevada Bighorn	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Ovis canadensis californiana)	Terrestrial

	Shrew, Buena Vista Lake Ornate	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Sorex ornatus relictus)	Terrestrial

	Vole, Amargosa	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Microtus californicus scirpensis)	Terrestrial

	Woodrat, Riparian	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Neotoma fuscipes riparia)	Terrestrial

	Otter, Southern Sea	Threatened	Marine mml	No

	(Enhydra lutris nereis)	Saltwater

	Seal, Guadalupe Fur	Threatened	Marine mml	No

	(Arctocephalus townsendi)	Coastal (neritic), Saltwater

	Sea-lion, Steller (eastern)	Threatened	Marine mml	Yes

	(Eumetopias jubatus)	Saltwater

	Whale, Finback	Endangered	Marine mml	No

	(Balaenoptera physalus)	Saltwater

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 21 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Whale, Humpback	Endangered	Marine mml	No

	(Megaptera novaeangliae)	Saltwater

	Alopecurus, Sonoma	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Alopecurus aequalis var. sonomensis)	Terrestrial

	Amole, Cammatta Canyon	Threatened	Monocot	Yes

	(Chlorogalum purpureum var. reductum)	Terrestrial

	Amole, Purple	Threatened	Monocot	Yes

	(Chlorogalum purpureum var. purpureum)	Terrestrial

	Bluegrass, Napa	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Poa napensis)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Bluegrass, San Bernardino	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Poa atropurpurea)	Terrestrial

	Brodiaea, Thread-leaved	Threatened	Monocot	Yes

	(Brodiaea filifolia)	Terrestrial

	Grass, California Orcutt	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Orcuttia californica)	Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Grass, Colusa	Threatened	Monocot	No

	(Neostapfia colusana)	Vernal pool

	Grass, Eureka Dune	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Swallenia alexandrae)	Terrestrial

	Grass, San Joaquin Valley Orcutt	Threatened	Monocot	Yes

	(Orcuttia inaequalis)	Vernal pool

	Grass, Solano	Endangered	Monocot	Yes

	(Tuctoria mucronata)	Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Lily, Pitkin Marsh	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Lilium pardalinum ssp. pitkinense)	Freshwater

	Lily, Western	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Lilium occidentale)	Terrestrial

	Onion, Munz's	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Allium munzii)	Terrestrial

	Piperia, Yadon's	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Piperia yadonii)	Terrestrial

	Sedge, White	Endangered	Monocot	No

	(Carex albida)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Lizard, Blunt-nosed Leopard	Endangered	Reptile	No

	(Gambelia silus)	Terrestrial

	Lizard, Coachella Valley Fringe-toed	Threatened	Reptile	Yes

	(Uma inornata)	Terrestrial

	Lizard, Island Night	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Xantusia riversiana)	Terrestrial

	Sea turtle, green	Endangered	Reptile	No

	(Chelonia mydas)	Saltwater

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 22 of 95

	California	( 293) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Sea turtle, leatherback	Endangered	Reptile	Yes

	(Dermochelys coriacea)	Saltwater

	Sea turtle, loggerhead	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Caretta caretta)	Saltwater

	Sea turtle, olive ridley	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Lepidochelys olivacea)	Saltwater

	Snake, Giant Garter	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Thamnophis gigas)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Snake, San Francisco Garter	Endangered	Reptile	No

	(Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia)	Freshwater, Terrestrial

	Tortoise, Desert	Threatened	Reptile	Yes

	(Gopherus agassizii)	Terrestrial

	Whipsnake (=Striped Racer), Alameda	Threatened	Reptile	Yes

	(Masticophis lateralis euryxanthus)	Terrestrial

	Colorado	( 21) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Crane, Whooping	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Grus americana)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Owl, Mexican Spotted	Threatened	Bird	Yes

	(Strix occidentalis lucida)	Terrestrial

	Beardtongue, Penland	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Penstemon penlandii)	Terrestrial

	Butterfly Plant, Colorado	Threatened	Dicot	Yes

	(Gaura neomexicana var. coloradensis)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Knowlton	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Pediocactus knowltonii)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Mesa Verde	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Sclerocactus mesae-verdae)	Terrestrial

	Cactus, Uinta Basin Hookless	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Sclerocactus glaucus)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Mancos	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus humillimus)	Terrestrial

	Milk-vetch, Osterhout	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Astragalus osterhoutii)	Terrestrial

	Wild-buckwheat, Clay-loving	Endangered	Dicot	Yes

	(Eriogonum pelinophilum)	Terrestrial

	Chub, Bonytail	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila elegans)	Freshwater

	Chub, Humpback	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Gila cypha)	Freshwater

	Squawfish, Colorado	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Ptychocheilus lucius)	Freshwater

	Sucker, Razorback	Endangered	Fish	Yes

	(Xyrauchen texanus)	Freshwater

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 23 of 95

	Colorado	( 21) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Trout, Bull	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Salvelinus confluentus)	Freshwater

	Trout, Greenback Cutthroat	Threatened	Fish	No

	(Oncorhynchus clarki stomias)	Freshwater

	Butterfly, Uncompahgre Fritillary	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Boloria acrocnema)	Terrestrial

	Skipper, Pawnee Montane	Threatened	Insect	No

	(Hesperia leonardus montana)	Terrestrial

	Ferret, Black-footed	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Mustela nigripes)	Terrestrial

	Mouse, Preble's Meadow Jumping	Threatened	Mammal	Yes

	(Zapus hudsonius preblei)	Terrestrial

	Ladies'-tresses, Ute	Threatened	Monocot	No

	(Spiranthes diluvialis)	Terrestrial

	Connecticut	( 9) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Plover, Piping	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Charadrius melodus)	Terrestrial

	Tern, Roseate	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Sterna dougallii dougallii)	Terrestrial

	Mussel, Dwarf Wedge	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Alasmidonta heterodon)	Freshwater

	Gerardia, Sandplain	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Agalinis acuta)	Terrestrial

	Sturgeon, Shortnose	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Acipenser brevirostrum)	Saltwater, Freshwater

	Beetle, Puritan Tiger	Threatened	Insect	No

	(Cicindela puritana)	Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

	Bat, Indiana	Endangered	Mammal	Yes

	(Myotis sodalis)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial

	Pogonia, Small Whorled	Threatened	Monocot	No

	(Isotria medeoloides)	Terrestrial

	Turtle, Bog (Northern population)	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Clemmys muhlenbergii)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Delaware	( 6) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Plover, Piping	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Charadrius melodus)	Terrestrial

	Sturgeon, Shortnose	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Acipenser brevirostrum)	Saltwater, Freshwater

	Squirrel, Delmarva Peninsula Fox	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Sciurus niger cinereus)	Terrestrial

	Pink, Swamp	Threatened	Monocot	No

	(Helonias bullata)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 24 of 95

	Delaware	( 6) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Pogonia, Small Whorled	Threatened	Monocot	No

	(Isotria medeoloides)	Terrestrial

	Turtle, Bog (Northern population)	Threatened	Reptile	No

	(Clemmys muhlenbergii)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Florida	( 97) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Salamander, Flatwoods	Threatened	Amphibian	No

	(Ambystoma cingulatum)	Freshwater, Vernal pool, Terrestrial

	Caracara, Audubon's Crested	Threatened	Bird	No

	(Polyborus plancus audubonii)	Terrestrial

	Kite, Everglade Snail	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus)	Terrestrial

	Plover, Piping	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Charadrius melodus)	Terrestrial

	Scrub-Jay, Florida	Threatened	Bird	No

	(Aphelocoma coerulescens)	Terrestrial

	Sparrow, Cape Sable Seaside	Endangered	Bird	Yes

	(Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis)	Terrestrial

	Sparrow, Florida Grasshopper	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Ammodramus savannarum floridanus)	Terrestrial

	Stork, Wood	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Mycteria americana)	Terrestrial

	Woodpecker, Red-cockaded	Endangered	Bird	No

	(Picoides borealis)	Terrestrial

	Bankclimber, Purple	Threatened	Bivalve	No

	(Elliptoideus sloatianus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Gulf Moccasinshell	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Medionidus penicillatus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Ochlockonee Moccasinshell	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Medionidus simpsonianus)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Oval Pigtoe	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Pleurobema pyriforme)	Freshwater

	Mussel, Shiny-rayed Pocketbook	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Lampsilis subangulata)	Freshwater

	Slabshell, Chipola	Threatened	Bivalve	No

	(Elliptio chipolaensis)	Freshwater

	Threeridge, Fat (Mussel)	Endangered	Bivalve	No

	(Amblema neislerii)	Freshwater

	Torreya, Florida	Endangered	Conf/cycds	No

	(Torreya taxifolia)	Terrestrial

	Shrimp, Squirrel Chimney Cave	Threatened	Crustacean	No

	(Palaemonetes cummingi)	Freshwater, Subterraneous

	Aster, Florida Golden	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chrysopsis floridana)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 25 of 95

	Florida	( 97) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Bellflower, Brooksville	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Campanula robinsiae)	Terrestrial

	Birds-in-a-nest, White	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Macbridea alba)	Terrestrial

	Blazing Star, Scrub	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Liatris ohlingerae)	Terrestrial

	Bonamia, Florida	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Bonamia grandiflora)	Terrestrial

	Buckwheat, Scrub	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium)	Terrestrial

	Butterwort, Godfrey's	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Pinguicula ionantha)	Terrestrial, Freshwater

	Campion, Fringed	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Silene polypetala)	Terrestrial

	Chaffseed, American	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Schwalbea americana)	Terrestrial

	Fringe Tree, Pygmy	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chionanthus pygmaeus)	Terrestrial

	Gooseberry, Miccosukee	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Ribes echinellum)	Terrestrial

	Gourd, Okeechobee	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Cucurbita okeechobeensis ssp. okeechobeensis)	Terrestrial

	Harebells, Avon Park	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Crotalaria avonensis)	Terrestrial

	Hypericum, Highlands Scrub	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Hypericum cumulicola)	Terrestrial

	Jacquemontia, Beach	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Jacquemontia reclinata)	Terrestrial, Coastal (neritic)

	Lead-plant, Crenulate	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Amorpha crenulata)	Terrestrial

	Lupine, Scrub	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Lupinus aridorum)	Terrestrial

	Meadowrue, Cooley's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Thalictrum cooleyi)	Terrestrial

	Milkpea, Small's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Galactia smallii)	Terrestrial

	Mint, Garrett's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dicerandra christmanii)	Terrestrial

	Mint, Lakela's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dicerandra immaculata)	Terrestrial

	Mint, Longspurred	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dicerandra cornutissima)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:15 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 26 of 95

	Florida	( 97) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Mint, Scrub	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Dicerandra frutescens)	Terrestrial

	Mustard, Carter's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Warea carteri)	Terrestrial

	Pawpaw, Beautiful	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Deeringothamnus pulchellus)	Terrestrial

	Pawpaw, Four-petal	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Asimina tetramera)	Terrestrial

	Pawpaw, Rugel's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Deeringothamnus rugelii)	Terrestrial

	Pinkroot, Gentian	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Spigelia gentianoides)	Terrestrial

	Plum, Scrub	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Prunus geniculata)	Terrestrial

	Polygala, Lewton's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Polygala lewtonii)	Terrestrial

	Polygala, Tiny	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Polygala smallii)	Terrestrial

	Rhododendron, Chapman	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Rhododendron chapmanii)	Terrestrial

	Rosemary, Apalachicola	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Conradina glabra)	Terrestrial

	Rosemary, Etonia	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Conradina etonia)	Terrestrial

	Rosemary, Short-leaved	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Conradina brevifolia)	Terrestrial

	Sandlace	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Polygonella myriophylla)	Terrestrial

	Skullcap, Florida	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Scutellaria floridana)	Terrestrial

	Snakeroot	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Eryngium cuneifolium)	Terrestrial

	Spurge, Deltoid	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Chamaesyce deltoidea ssp. deltoidea)	Terrestrial

	Spurge, Garber's	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Chamaesyce garberi)	Terrestrial

	Spurge, Telephus	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Euphorbia telephioides)	Terrestrial

	Warea, Wide-leaf	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Warea amplexifolia)	Terrestrial

	Water-willow, Cooley's	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Justicia cooleyi)	Terrestrial

5/18/2010 12:46:16 PM   Ver. 2.10.4	Page 27 of 95

	Florida	( 97) species:	Taxa	Critical Habitat

	Whitlow-wort, Papery	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Paronychia chartacea)	Terrestrial

	Wings, Pigeon	Threatened	Dicot	No

	(Clitoria fragrans)	Terrestrial

	Wireweed	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Polygonella basiramia)	Terrestrial

	Ziziphus, Florida	Endangered	Dicot	No

	(Ziziphus celata)	Terrestrial

	Darter, Okaloosa	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Etheostoma okaloosae)	Freshwater

	Sawfish, Smalltooth	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Pristis pectinata)	Saltwater, Freshwater

	Sturgeon, Gulf	Threatened	Fish	Yes

	(Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi)	Saltwater, Freshwater

	Sturgeon, Shortnose	Endangered	Fish	No

	(Acipenser brevirostrum)	Saltwater, Freshwater

	Butterfly, Schaus Swallowtail	Endangered	Insect	No

	(Heraclides aristodemus ponceanus)	Terrestrial

	Cladonia, Florida Perforate	Endangered	Lichen	No

	(Cladonia perforata)	Terrestrial

	Bat, Gray	Endangered	Mammal	No

	(Myotis grisescens)	Subterraneous, Terrestrial