These findings suggest that contributions to high pH include concrete, while the presence of organic material in the landfill contributes to lower pH. The temporal dependence of pH was suggested as an indication of biological activity ( Townsend, 1998).

Redox and Sulfate Townsend ( 1998) conducted lysimeter tests for C& D waste and its individual components. In all cases, redox potential was initially high ( 100 to 400 mV) and decreased over time to below zero. The lowest values were found for the ` typical' mixture, followed by wallboard, concrete, cardboard, and wood. These results demonstrate that reducing conditions can be present, but can not necessarily determine the source of such conditions in a C& D landfill.

Townsend ( 1998) reports sulfate levels in lysimeters from typical mixtures of C& D wastes ranged from 600 to 850 mg/ L and were shown to result almost exclusively from discarded wallboard. In tests using lysimeters filled with discrete wastes ( wallboard, concrete, wood, cardboard), sulfate levels in lysimeters containing only wallboard were elevated and relatively erratic over time, ranging between 800 to 1,200 mg/ L. In sharp contrast, sulfate was practically absent from lysimeters containing only cardboard, wood, and concrete. The sulfate September 2000 3 24 Draft concentrations reported by Townsend ( 1998) did not significantly decrease during the study period of the lysimeter tests, unlike in MSW. However, Townsend did report the qualitative presence of sulfide odor in the leachate, indicative of the reducing conditions present in biological activity. Therefore, both sulfate and sulfide can be present in C& D landfill leachate simultaneously, due to the large source of mobile sulfate available and the reducing conditions which convert some, but not all, to sulfide in the leachate. These findings were confirmed in the field during ground water monitoring of two C& D landfills in Wisconsin. Sulfate was elevated above background in both cases, while sulfide odor was apparent in one downgradient well ( Svavarsson, 1994). These data support the above laboratory findings regarding the mobility of sulfate and its partial conversion to sulfide.

Alkalinity In an MSW landfill, alkalinity was shown to be time dependent, increasing during the acid generation phase. Lysimeter tests of C& D wastes provided the following results:

° For a lysimeter containing ` typical' C& D waste, there was an overall rise in alkalinity from 100 to 300 mg/ L as CaCO3. This was attributed to biological activity as well ( due to the formation of bisulfide ion that contributes to alkalinity); the alkalinity of lysimeters containing exclusively high organic components ( wallboard, cardboard, wood) increased over time from 20 to 200, while the alkalinity of a lysimeter containing exclusively concrete under unsaturated conditions was a constant 300 mg/ L as CaCO3 over time.

° The absolute values of alkalinity from Townsend ( 1998) are different than conducted in previous lysimeter tests in 1980 and reported in Townsend ( 1998); in this 1980 test the alkalinity of a high masonry C& D mix was 70 mg/ L as CaCO3 while the alkalinity of a high wood mix was 350 mg/ L CaCO3.

These findings suggest that sources of alkalinity in a C& D landfill include organic material, due to decomposition. Concrete is an additional source.

COD and BOD In an MSW landfill, COD was shown to be time dependent, increasing during the acid generation phase. Lysimeter tests by Townsend ( 1998) suggest similar increases for C& D waste. In tests of typical C& D waste, COD concentrations changed over time, showing a peaking behavior indicative of biological activity. Examination of individual materials showed that the presence of cardboard and wood provided the most significant contributions. A lysimeter containing exclusively cardboard gave the most pronounced behavior, with a rise from 50 to 1,600 mg/ L before dropping again. Changes of COD for a lysimeter filled with wood were less pronounced, while changes for lysimeters containing only concrete or wallboard were small or negligible. Other experiments of typical C& D wastes in lysimeters by Townsend ( 1998), however, showed contradictory behavior, showing a drop in COD from 500 mg/ L to near zero in unsaturated conditions.

As presented in Ehrig ( 1983) and discussed in detail in Section 3.2.3 above, the ratio of BOD to COD is an indication of biological activity in MSW landfills. A ratio of 0.6 to 0.8 indicated that September 2000 3 25 Draft biological activity was present; a ratio less than 0.2 corresponded to the portion of the landfill life cycle of mature, low bio activity. Leachate data from two C& D waste landfills by Waste Management provide analyses for these parameters over a two year period ( WMX, 1993). In one landfill ( Michigan site), COD ranged from 420 to 4700 mg/ L ( decreasing over time), with BOD to COD ratio less than 10 percent. At a second landfill ( Massachusetts site), COD ranged from 150 to 1,300 mg/ L ( trend indefinite), with BOD to COD ratios of 40 to 70 percent. These results imply that bioactivity occurred at one of the sites ( the Massachusetts site), even though levels of COD are higher at a site with little apparent bioactivity ( the Michigan site). These results indicate that COD does not always indicate bioactivity at C& D sites, or additional case studies are needed. September 2000 3 26 Draft 3.4 Industrial Codisposal Landfills The industrial codisposal landfills in this report are a set of 21 sites included in the data set obtained from Chemical Waste Management ( CWM). These landfills are older than the others represented in the CWM data set, with typical opening dates in the 1950' s and 1960 and as early as 1927. Although detailed operating histories are not available for these landfills, they all have received a wide variety of wastes throughout their lives, including industrial non hazardous waste, hazardous waste, and residential and commercial ( i. e., municipal waste). It is believed that most of these landfills began operation receiving industrial waste ( hazardous, nonhazardous or both) and at some point began accepting MSW commercially. Most of these landfills currently are closed. It is unknown how those that are currently open are regulated ( e. g., it is unknown if they are permitted under Federal Subtitle C hazardous waste regulations or under state Subtitle D non hazardous waste regulations).

Because of the wide mixture of wastes received and because their operating histories are rather different than most modern MSW, C& D, or commercial hazardous waste landfills, these industrial codisposal landfills are treated as a separate category in this report. A previous study of this group of landfills also confirmed that leachate from these landfills is different from leachate from either purely MSW landfills or purely hazardous waste landfills ( Gibbons, et al., 1992).

Because of the rather distinct nature of landfills in this category, no scientific literature is available examining temporal variability or leaching processes in industrial codisposal landfills. This section, therefore, provides only a general overview of the composition of leachate from such landfills. The data presented in Table 3 4, below are from the 21 industrial codisposal landfills represented in the LEACH 2000 database. The constituents included in Table 3 4 represent the parameters most frequently analyzed for in the characterization data included in the database. Constituents are organized into three categories: major physical/ chemical parameters, trace inorganics, and organics. The paragraphs below discuss the data for industrial codisposal landfill leachate in each of these categories.

General Parameters Common physical and chemical parameters are frequently monitored in industrial codisposal landfill leachate. The available data show most of these parameters to be less highly variable in industrial codisposal landfills than in MSW or C& D landfills.

Trace Inorganics Metals and other inorganics are frequently detected in industrial codisposal landfill leachate. Those analytes detected in 50 percent or more of samples are, in order of detection frequency: aluminum, boron, zinc, manganese, nickel, barium, lead, chromium, copper, arsenic, and cadmium.

Organics Certain organic species are frequently detected in industrial codisposal landfill leachate. Those species detected in more than 50 percent of samples include: acetone, ethylbenzene, naphthalene, phenol, and xylene. September 2000 3 27 Draft Table 3 4. Composition of Industrial Codisposal Landfill Leachate Analyte N % Detected 5th % ile 10th % ile Median Mean 90th % ile 95th % ile MAJOR PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ( mg/ L, except pH in Standard Units) Alkalinity 267 97.8 700 1,850 6,050 7,271 12,800 19,600 B. O. D. 206 99.0 75 186 1,435 6,042 13,700 23,700 Calcium 52 100.0 29.2 40.5 122 199 310 1,010 Chloride 175 100.0 58.9 135 1,970 3,019 5,900 6,560 C. O. D. 262 98.9 160 473 4,180 9,365 19,800 37,500 Cyanide 153 47.7 0.007 0.014 0.04 0.3031822 0.16 0.325 Fluoride 102 97.1 0.14 0.232 0.68 1.79 4.2 6 Iron 314 100.0 1.81 3.06 19.8 226 820 1,670 Magnesium 41 100.0 39.1 51.1 262 227 382 397 Nitrogen 206 85.0 0.24 0.5 512 730 1,500 1,920 pH 455 100.0 5.63 5.90 7.01 6.84 7.47 7.59 Sodium 53 100.0 9.1 46.5 757 1,093 2,570 3,380 Sulfate 168 89.3 8.44 15.6 95.5 419 1,800 2,090 T. O. C. 520 99.6 14.6 31 1,720 5,724 14,200 23,800 TRACE INORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Aluminum 4 100.0 2,140 2,140 73,350 160,960 495,000 495,000 Antimony 150 19.3 4 10 220 535 1,730 1,800 Arsenic 189 73.5 3.5 6 40 212 690 830 Barium 63 93.6 84 140 535 1,877 3,330 8,550 Beryllium 144 9.0 1 1 6 104 387 702 Boron 8 100.0 3,920 3,920 6,470 7,584 18,900 18,900 Cadmium 192 51.6 2 3.7 14 57.4 103 290 Chromium 196 80.1 13 27 226 1,040 900 1,740 Copper 164 75.0 15 21 52 139 260 378 Lead 193 80.3 11 15 139 403 600 1,200 Manganese 162 98.8 60 79.4 1,295 11,059 46,250 52,600 Mercury 188 17.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.25 2.2 5 Nickel 166 94.0 50 80 396 7,002 1,450 3,980 Selenium 183 16.9 2 2.6 8 32.4 28 37 Silver 186 19.9 2 9.6 30 45.5 110 150 Thallium 146 19.9 36 46 230 623 1,090 1,650 Zinc 164 99.4 99 160 985 10,946 17,900 47,000 ORGANICS ( µ g/ L) 1,1 Dichloroethane 210 26.2 15.9 33.5 245 717 1,650 3,360 1,1 Dichloroethene 210 1.9 8.3 8.3 74 272 932 932 Acenaphthene 157 33.1 3.7 5.29 11.25 24.9 71 86.9 Acetone 56 80.4 150 213 5,820 11,648 22,000 58,900 Benzene 210 30.0 5.51 7.1 179 2,127 617 758 Chloroethane 206 4.9 12 13.8 25 56.7 180.5 259 Ethylbenzene 209 65.6 19.4 44 822 1,756 3,360 5,570 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 15 26.7 11 11 48.7 101 295 295 Naphthalene 159 75.5 6.57 13.2 165 342 832 1,185 Phenol 331 77.0 28 67.3 1,200 606,304 19,000 1,300,000 Trichloroethylene 210 11.0 4.34 4.4 170 802 2,030 3,110 Vinyl Chloride 210 16.7 10.2 102 302 824 2,440 3,000 Xylene 70 70.0 20 22.3 541 1,103 2,020 3,540 Source: Characterization data from the 21 industrial codisposal landfills included in the LEACH 2000 database. September 2000 3 28 Draft 3.5 Hazardous Waste Landfills The hazardous waste landfills discussed in this section are commercial RCRA Subtitle C landfills that may receive hazardous wastes from multiple industrial sources and sites. While much of the waste received by the these landfills is expected to meet the regulatory definition of hazardous waste, the specific form and properties of this waste is likely to be dependent on the generating industry. Therefore, the types and variety of wastes received by these commercial facilities will be dependent on the range and nature of industrial facilities contributing to the landfill. The literature search conducted for this report found no information examining temporal variability or behavior of indicator parameters in hazardous waste landfill leachate. This section, therefore, provides only a general overview of the composition of leachate from such landfills.

The data presented in Table 3 5, below, are from the 17 commercial hazardous waste landfills represented in the LEACH 2000 database. As discussed in Section 3.1 above, these landfills do not necessarily constitute a statistically representative sample of commercial hazardous waste landfills in terms of industries served, types of hazardous waste received, geographic location, or any other criterion. The constituents included in Table 3 5 represent the parameters most frequently analyzed for in the characterization data included in the database. Constituents are organized into three categories: major physical/ chemical parameters, trace inorganics, and organics. The paragraphs below discuss the data for hazardous waste landfill leachate in each of these categories.

General Parameters As for industrial codisposal landfills, the available data show most of the common physical and chemical parameters to be less highly variable in hazardous waste landfill leachate than in leachate from MSW or C& D landfills.

Trace Inorganics Metals and other inorganics are frequently detected in hazardous waste landfill leachate. Those analytes detected in 50 percent or more of samples are, in order of detection frequency: boron, zinc, arsenic, barium, nickel, manganese, chromium, copper, aluminum, cadmium, selenium, and lead. Certain of these metals, including some that are among the most frequently detected ( e. g., arsenic, barium, and chromium), are part of the toxicity characteristic for hazardous waste.

Organics Organic species are frequently monitored in hazardous waste landfill leachate, more frequently, in fact, than many other analytes. Those species detected in more than 50 percent of samples include: 1,1 dichloroethane, acetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, naphthalene, phenol, and trichloroethylene. September 2000 3 29 Draft Table 3 5. Composition of Hazardous Waste Landfill Leachate Analyte N % Detected 5th % ile 10th % ile Median Mean 90th % ile 95th % ile MAJOR PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ( mg/ L, except pH in Standard Units) Alkalinity 138 100.0 538 777 2,385 2,838 5,600 6,750 B. O. D. 306 98.0 68 174 1,770 2,639 5,144 6,820 Calcium 98 100.0 18.9 28 351 616 1,600 3,400 Chloride 342 100.0 96 180 1,390 7,212 25,900 31,100 C. O. D. 433 100.0 379 650 3,010 4,279 9,130 11,000 Cyanide 321 66.0 0.06 0.09 8.35 14.1 18 47.4 Fluoride 202 99.0 0.2 0.3 2.1 20.4 26.15 62.9 Iron 449 97.8 0.76 1.2 15.3 250 450 1,050 Magnesium 95 96.8 8.35 14.8 150 186 358 575 Nitrogen 304 62.8 0.11 0.405 43.3 168 271 357 pH 2,017 100.0 3.17 4.63 7.37 7.46 9.7 11.8 Sodium 273 99.3 90 238 4,040 6,563 18,800 22,100 Sulfate 275 94.6 12.9 22.6 725 3,656 9,275 11,750 T. O. C. 833 99.9 43.3 150 3,310 3,945 8,870 10,600 TRACE INORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Aluminum 50 66.0 90 120 921 22,299 12,000 52,000 Antimony 172 24.4 12 20 155 457 1,500 1,800 Arsenic 463 90.7 9 19.8 1,500 42,806 131,000 173,000 Barium 319 89.7 53 71 150 345 820 1,200 Beryllium 172 14.5 1 1.1 3 6.06 20 25 Boron 68 95.6 340 510 3,660 20,774 70,000 98,000 Cadmium 477 57.4 1.2 4.3 52.5 12,332 1,800 19,000 Chromium 443 69.8 15 24 140 1,286 1,830 5,600 Copper 320 67.8 16 27 170 1,079 2,200 6,100 Lead 423 50.8 7 9 100 807 590 1,400 Manganese 321 88.5 29 60 1,300 19,304 55,700 110,000 Mercury 444 36.3 0.22 0.3 3 54.8 50 110 Nickel 314 88.9 55.2 76 1,200 3,363 7,900 14,800 Selenium 467 56.3 8 12 110 256 300 900 Silver 392 23.7 2.7 6.8 10 19.3 38 58 Thallium 138 9.4 6.7 10 56 92 190 260 Zinc 355 92.4 30 54 458 7,640 11,100 38,000 ORGANICS ( µ g/ L) 1,1 Dichloroethane 953 52.6 13 28.7 950 31,403 13,700 32,000 1,1 Dichloroethene 952 24.8 6.72 28.7 990 22,428 5,630 60,900 Acenaphthene 220 5.9 4.55 23 84 191,220 2,390 2,480,000 Acetone 82 85.4 110 181 5350 24,221 54,800 84,100 Benzene 952 27.9 5.22 8.84 81.6 3,949 1,970 5,500 Chloroethane 948 8.8 6.51 45 602 11,188 5,070 7,370 Ethylbenzene 946 39.2 12.8 19.5 170 135,832 20,200 728,000 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 49 61.2 46 64 938 26,108 53,500 300,000 Naphthalene 235 59.6 3.82 4.8 39 85,647 918 2,375 Phenol 551 90.9 75.9 197 21,000 9,189,721 272,000 1,550,000 Trichloroethylene 955 59.7 16.6 33.75 1,775 91,896 48,050 220,000 Vinyl Chloride 952 36.1 23.3 96.6 1,755 9,697 22,400 34,700 Xylene 103 41.8 13 14 81 915 2,770 4,800 Source: Characterization data from the 17 commercial hazardous waste landfills included in the LEACH 2000 database. September 2000 3 30 Draft 3.6 Comparison of Leachate Composition This section presents a comparison of leachate characteristics for the four types of landfills discussed in the previous sections. Section 3.6.1 provides an overview of major factors that theoretically influence the composition of leachate. Section 3.6.2 qualitatively compares the four types of landfills in terms of these factors. Section 3.6.3 presents a detailed quantitative comparison of the four types of landfills with regard to the major indicator parameters that affect contaminant mobility ( i. e., those factors introduced and discussed in Section 3.2.3, such as pH). Sections 3.6.4, 3.6.5, and 3.6.6 examine the comparative statistics by landfill type for other major physical and chemical parameters, trace inorganics, and organics, respectively.

3.6.1 Overview of Factors Affecting Leaching Medium Composition The composition of the leaching medium is determined in large part by the chemical properties ( elemental and chemical composition) and physical properties ( e. g., particle size, porosity) of the waste. The leaching medium refers to the liquid contacting the waste. For example, in the TCLP analysis the leaching medium is an aqueous solution of organic and mineral acid, intended to simulate those acids present in an MSW landfill. In turn, the leaching medium affects the mobility of the contaminants in the wastes.

In general, there are three factors influencing the composition of leachate: ( 1) composition of infiltrating liquid; ( 2) composition of waste disposed; and ( 3) the site specific operations of the waste management unit. As shown below, there is much variability in these three areas both within a single landfill and from one landfill to another; this variability contributes to variability in the resulting leachate.

Infiltrating Liquid Moisture can be present in a landfill both from the waste itself ( e. g., wet refuse) and from precipitation or other sources of water percolating or entering the landfill cell. These latter sources of water result from precipitation, run on, and ground water. Each of these sources can result in differences in the composition of this infiltrating water.

Precipitation often has acidic properties and can be sources of both acidity and anionic compounds to the landfill. Acidic components in rainwater include carbonic acid ( from natural dissolution of carbon dioxide), sulfuric acid ( from typically man made sources of sulfur dioxide), and nitric acid ( from oxides of nitrogen) ( Wark, 1981).

The composition of runon is affected by the composition of the precipitation and further affected by organic matter in the surrounding vegetation. Finally, ground water may enter a waste management unit if the unit is constructed below the water table or in cases where the water table has seasonal or yearly fluctuations. The most extreme example of ground water affecting the leaching medium is in cases of acid mine drainage, where sulfuric acid from sulfides in the ore body result in increased mobility of metals.

The quantity of the infiltrating liquid has an important effect on leachate quantity and leachate quality. The quantity of infiltrating liquid is affected by the climatic conditions of the site and September 2000 3 31 Draft the presence of controls to limit these affects. For example, a slurry wall or an engineered liner will serve to keep ground water away from the landfill, and a cap ( at closure) will reduce the quantity of precipitation entering the landfill. Similarly, the design of the surrounding area with regard to slopes and vegetation will affect the contribution of runon to the moisture loading of the landfill.

Waste Composition The composition of the waste itself affects the composition of the leachate in several ways. First, the refuse may have some moisture or readily mobile constituents which immediately affect leachate composition. Conversely, the waste may not have residual moisture and be able to adsorb surrounding moisture and associated aqueous contaminants. Variations in the wastes disposed within a landfill or between different landfills result in differences in the mobility of these constituents.

Second, biological processes within a landfill may transform some of the constituents within the waste into readily mobile species. The type and density of bacterial populations and propensity of the waste to degrade will affect the biological processes. These biological processes are not constant, but can go through cycles of low and high activity as discussed in the sections on MSW and C& D landfills. This results in temporal variation in leachate.

Finally, the physical properties of the waste ( e. g., porosity, particle size) affect mass transfer phenomena between the waste and leachate and affect the magnitude of the value of the properties in the leachate. Leachate may flow through the waste as channels due to the large size of waste materials, and the moisture ( degree of saturation) will vary throughout the landfill ( Ehrig, 1983). The waste itself may exhibit adsorptive or ion exchange properties, influencing leachate composition in ways that may not be able to be correlated with other parameters.

Landfill Operations Landfill operations can affect the other two factors identified above. For example, the waste entering a landfill is influenced by waste screening and approval procedures. The type of liquid entering a landfill is influenced by several of the design criteria specified above such as run on controls and water table interactions, but also by leachate collection and recycling techniques practiced by the individual landfill. Other properties are affected by the location of the landfill: its climatic location influences the quantity and frequency of precipitation as well as the ambient temperature which is an important factor in any biological processes present in the landfill.

Leachate properties are also affected by specific waste management practices. Other important operating properties include the degree to which biological degradation is encouraged through practices such as waste spreading and the type of daily cover employed. The type of equipment used in compacting affects infiltration; the compaction of the waste affects its mass transfer properties, subsequently affecting how liquid moves through and around the landfilled materials. In MSW landfills in particular, compaction also can result in an overall anaerobic environment in the landfill. Low compaction will allow increased oxygen within the landfill, and subsequently influence the type and duration of biological activity ( Ehrig, 1983). September 2000 3 32 Draft Data from Ehrig ( 1983) demonstrate how landfill operating practices influence leachate composition. An MSW landfill operating by spreading waste as a thin layer had very different COD and BOD leachate characteristics than a landfill operating with thick ( 2 m) layers, or a landfill operating with thick layers together with leachate recirculation. The thin layers resulted in the lowest levels of BOD and COD in the leachate throughout the life of the landfill, indicating higher methane gas production. Leachate recirculation also decreased BOD and COD levels in the leachate.

3.6.2 Comparison of Factors Affecting Leaching Medium Composition There can be significant differences in all three of the factors discussed above among landfill types. These differences are discussed below.

Composition of Infiltrating Liquid In most cases, the composition of the liquid infiltrating will be similar for most types of landfills ( i. e., the liquid will resemble rainwater). Differences in infiltrating liquid are more likely to be linked to climate and location than to landfill type. Potential differences among landfill types, however, occur with water resulting from the waste itself, as well as the quantity of liquid infiltrating through the unit. These factors are discussed under waste composition and landfill operations.

Waste Composition The most obvious differences among the types of landfills discussed here is in the wastes disposed. These differences affect not only the type of toxic constituents available to leach, but also the leaching solution generated within the landfill. These factors include the following:

° The waste may have some moisture and generate leachate immediately, or conversely may not have residual moisture and be able to adsorb surrounding moisture and associated aqueous contaminants. C& D wastes are expected to contain little moisture and therefore are not expected to immediately generate leachate ( Townsend, 1998). In contrast, MSW is expected to be wetter with moisture contents of 25 percent ( Ehrig, 1983). The moisture content of wastes in industrial codisposal landfills and commercial hazardous waste landfills would be highly dependent on the mixture of industries utilizing the specific landfill.

° Biological processes within the landfill may transform some of the constituents within the waste into readily mobile species and generate time dependent profiles of indicator parameters. As discussed above for MSW landfills, the combination of waste composition and landfill conditions results in biological activity which affects levels of indicator parameters. The levels of organic matter in MSW range from 50 to 70 percent; in contrast, biodegradable levels of organics in C& D landfills are expected to be lower ( Thompson, 1998). The degradable fraction of waste in industrial codisposal landfills and commercial hazardous waste landfills is likely to be lower than that in MSW. Certain industries, however, may generate highly biodegradable organic wastes. The presence of such wastes in large September 2000 3 33 Draft quantities may increase the likelyhood of organic processes occurring in these types of landfills. The presence of toxic constituents ( particularly metals) in hazardous waste landfills, however, may inhibit certain biological processes.

° Wastes may release different contaminants in the short and long term, including both toxic and indicator parameters. Such differences in waste composition result in differences in the gross parameters of leachate. For example, C& D wastes include: gypsum ( sources of calcium and sulfate), wood wastes ( similar in composition to fractions of MSW), and concrete and similar materials ( sources of dissolved minerals). Hazardous waste landfills will contain larger quantities of toxic constituents, creating the potential for long term release of these constituents.

° The physical properties of the waste ( e. g., porosity, particle size) affect mass transfer phenomena between the waste and leachate. C& D waste, for example, is expected to be larger or bulkier than other types of waste with potentially less surface area available for leaching and perhaps a greater opportunity for channelized flow.

Landfill Operations There are expected to be differences in the operation of different landfill types. For example, localities generally require compaction of the waste and daily cover ( e. g., six inches of soil) for an MSW landfill. In comparison, a variety of design and operating requirements concerning C& D landfills were reviewed by ICF ( 1995), including ground water monitoring and location standards. These data are from the early 1990s so that requirements may have changed since that time. Nineteen states require offsite ( commercial) facilities to provide six inches of daily cover ( i. e., consistent with MSW requirements). An additional 26 states require cover at a less frequent interval ( i. e., less stringent than MSW requirements). Therefore, 45 states require some type of cover for C& D landfills during operation, with most requiring intermittent cover. Detailed data on state requirements for industrial Subtitle D landfills is not available, but the available information suggests that these requirements are highly variable depending on the state. Hazardous waste landfill operations are likely to be the most consistent because these landfills are stringently regulated under federal requirements, which include cover, monitoring, and runon and run off controls.

The differences in cover application are significant because cover impacts oxygen conditions in a landfill, and even the method of applying cover influences biological processes in a landfill ( as discussed above in Section 3.6.1 for MSW landfills). High acid production and gas generation in an MSW landfill relies on low oxygen conditions ( Pohland, 1986). Cover, along with run on controls, control the quantity of infiltrating liquid and may affect infiltrating liquid characteristics. September 2000 3 34 Draft 3.6.3 Comparison of Factors Affecting Contaminant Mobility Sections 3.2.3 and 3.3.2 discussed several factors or indicator parameters that are significant for contaminant mobility. This section uses data from the LEACH 2000 database to compare the following of these significant parameters among landfill types:

° pH ° Redox potential and sulfate ° Alkalinity ° TOC, BOD, and COD pH Figure 3 7 presents a graphical comparison of pH among landfill types. C& D landfills show the narrowest range of pH, while hazardous waste landfills show the greatest variation. The majority of MSW leachate observations show a relatively consistent pH, but with significant instances of both high and low values. Industrial codisposal landfills also show a relatively consistent pH, but with more instances of low pH than MSW landfills and far fewer instances of high pH. As discussed in previous sections, the narrower range of pH in the C& D scenario is indicative of a more constant leaching scenario over time, unlike more dynamic conditions in a MSW landfill where high concentrations of organic acids are followed by a general increase in pH. These pH data are consistent with a comparison of C& D landfill leachate with MSW landfill leachate from at least one other source. Specifically, data for 25 C& D landfills ( from Waste Management) showed a pH range of between 6.1 and 8, compared to data for 152 MSW landfills showed a pH range of much wider range ( from 4 to > 12) with a median only slightly higher ( about 6.9 for C& D versus 7.1 for MSW).

The available literature provides little insight into the pH profiles seen here for hazardous waste and industrial codisposal landfills. The wide variation seen for hazardous waste landfills, however, may be due to variations in waste composition. Hazardous waste landfills may receive highly alkaline or highly acidic wastes. September 2000 3 35 Draft Figure 3 7. Cumulative Distribution of pH by Landfill Type Redox Potential and Sulfate Unfortunately, only limited data ( approximately 10 total observations) are available for oxidation reduction potential in the LEACH 2000 database. As discussed previously, sulfate may be a surrogate indicator for oxidation reduction potential, because sulfates convert to sulfides under reducing conditions. Figure 3 8 compares sulfate concentrations among the landfill types. MSW leachate and hazardous waste leachate shows the highest maximum sulfate concentrations and also the greatest variability. For MSW landfills this variability is consistent with the observation in section 3.2.3 that sulfate concentrations typically decrease over time in MSW landfill leachate, reflecting changes in pH and redox potential. Data are not available to indicate whether the sulfate profile for hazardous waste landfills is related to changes over time or other factors. In the case of C& D landfill leachate, sulfate levels never drop below approximately 10 mg/ L. This is consistent with the conclusion in Townsend ( 1998) that sulfate levels were higher in C& D waste lysimeter leachate than in MSW landfill leachate. September 2000 3 36 Draft Figure 3 8. Cumulative Distribution of Sulfate by Landfill Type TOC, COD, and BOD Figures 3 9 through 3 11 compare the four landfill types in terms of several indicators of organic content and biological activity: total organic carbon ( TOC), chemical oxygen demand ( COD), and biochemical oxygen demand ( BOD). Figure 3 9 shows that TOC is highest in hazardous waste and industrial codisposal landfills. TOC levels in MSW and C& D landfills are similar in the low end, but a larger percentage of MSW landfills may have high TOC.

As shown in Figure 3 10, while hazardous waste and industrial codisposal landfills generally have higher levels of COD, MSW landfills display the greatest variability in COD. As discussed in section 3.2.3, COD has been shown to be correlated with volatile fatty acid ( VFA) concentration in MSW landfills. Therefore, the variability in COD ( and, by inference, VFA) is consistent with an early, acid generating stage ( i. e., high COD and VFA) followed by less active stages ( i. e., low COD and VFA). Hazardous waste and industrial codisposal landfills have a more constant distribution of COD, suggestive of less variability in behavior. C& D landfills generally show lower levels of COD than other types of landfills.

Figure 3 11 shows that BOD levels in C& D landfills are generally much lower than those in other landfills. This result is consistent with lower COD levels and with the expectation of lower biological activity in these landfills. Figure 3 12, which shows BOD/ COD ratios, sheds additional insight into biological activity for each landfill type. As discussed in Section 3.2.3, BOD/ COD ratios closer to 1 indicate that biological degradation is favorable. At the median, BOD/ COD ratios are lower in C& D landfills than in other types of landfills. In fact, BOD/ COD ratios are lower in all but a small percentage ( 20 percent) of C& D landfills. Interestingly, September 2000 3 37 Draft BOD/ COD ratios in relatively inactive ( BOD/ COD less than 0.5) MSW landfills are much lower than ratios in similarly inactive hazardous waste landfills. In more active landfills ( about 35 percent of landfills of both types), ratios are somewhat higher in MSW landfills than hazardous waste landfills.

Figure 3 9. Cumulative Distribution of Total Organic Carbon ( TOC) by Landfill Type Figure 3 10. Cumulative Distribution of Chemical Oxygen Demand ( COD) by Landfill Type September 2000 3 38 Draft Figure 3 11. Cumulative Distribution of Biochemical Oxygen Demand ( BOD) by Landfill Type Figure 3 12. Cumulative Distribution of BOD/ COD Ratio by Landfill Type Alkalinity Figure 3 13 compares alkalinity in each of the four landfill types. The distributions shown are similar in shape to those for COD, with MSW landfills showing the greatest variability. This may indicate that organic decomposition plays a role in alkalinity, at least in MSW landfills. September 2000 3 39 Draft Figure 3 13. Cumulative Distribution of Alkalinity by Landfill Type September 2000 3 40 Draft 3.6.4 Comparison of Other Major Physical and Chemical Parameters This section presents data on the other major parameters that were not covered in the previous section. Many of the remaining parameters for which extensive data are available are the major anions. As shown in Figure 3 14, the following of the remaining parameters show roughly similar distributions:

° calcium ° chloride ° fluoride ° sodium Each of these constituents is found in generally higher concentrations in hazardous waste landfills They are found in generally lower ( with the exception of calcium) and non varying concentrations in C& D landfills. MSW landfills are generally between these two extremes, but show the greatest variation, although this may be due to the much larger sample size for MSW landfills.

Figure 3 15 shows parameters that do not fit this pattern. As shown in Figure 3 15, cyanide concentrations are substantially higher in hazardous waste landfills than in all other types of landfills. Iron concentrations are roughly similar across the landfill types, although highest at the median in C& D landfills. Nitrogen is lowest in hazardous waste landfills. Magnesium is rarely detected in C& D landfills and, when detected, is found only at very low levels.

Figure 3 14. Cumulative Distribution of Parameters Found in Higher Concentrations in Hazardous Waste Landfills September 2000 3 41 Draft Figure 3 14. Cumulative Distribution of Parameters Found in Higher Concentrations in Hazardous Waste Landfills ( continued) September 2000 3 42 Draft Figure 3 15. Cumulative Distribution of Other Parameters September 2000 3 43 Draft Figure 3 15. Cumulative Distribution of Other Parameters ( continued) September 2000 3 44 Draft 3.6.5 Comparison of Trace Inorganics This section compares concentrations among the landfill types for those trace inorganics ( e. g., metals) for which a large number of observations are available. As shown in Figure 3 16, the following constituents are found in generally higher concentrations in hazardous waste landfills than in other types of landfills:

° arsenic ° cadmium ° copper ° nickel ° selenium As shown in Figure 3 17, the following constituents are found in higher concentrations in both hazardous waste and industrial codisposal landfills:

° chromium ° lead ° zinc Figure 3 18 shows cumulative distributions for other trace inorganics. Observations for these remaining constituents are as follows:

° Aluminum is found in higher concentrations in hazardous waste and MSW landfills than in C& D landfills ( the data for aluminum for industrial codisposal landfills are insufficient to draw any conclusions).

° Barium is found in higher concentrations in MSW and industrial codisposal landfills.

° Boron is found in high concentrations in a percentage ( about 20 percent) of hazardous waste landfills, but at the highest maximum concentrations in a MSW landfills ( the data for boron for C& D and industrial codisposal landfills are insufficient to draw any conclusions).

° Manganese exceeds 1,000 µ g/ L for the majority of C& D landfills, but the highest maximum concentrations are found in hazardous waste landfills.

° Mercury is infrequently dectected ( less than 20 percent of the time) in MSW and industrial codisposal landfills. When detected, mercury is found in higher concentrations in hazardous waste and C& D landfills than in other types of landfills.

° Antimony, beryllium, silver, and thallium are infrequently detected in landfills of any type. Therefore, graphs for these constituents are not presented here. September 2000 3 45 Draft Figure 3 16. Trace Inorganics Found in the Highest Concentrations in Hazardous Waste Landfills September 2000 3 46 Draft Figure 3 16. Trace Inorganics Found in the Highest Concentrations in Hazardous Waste Landfills ( continued) September 2000 3 47 Draft Figure 3 17. Trace Inorganics Found in the Highest Concentrations in Both Hazardous Waste and Industrial Codisposal Landfills September 2000 3 48 Draft Figure 3 18. Cumulative Distribution of Other Trace Inorganics by Landfill Type Note for aluminum: industrial codisposal data consist of only 4 observations.

Note for Boron: data for industrial codisposal and C& D consist of only 8 and 2 observations, respectively. September 2000 3 49 Draft Figure 3 18. Cumulative Distribution of Other Trace Inorganics by Landfill Type ( continued) September 2000 3 50 Draft 3.6.6 Comparison of Organic Species Comparison of organics concentrations is difficult because few individual organic species are analyzed and detected across all types of landfills. For C& D landfills, in fact, the number of organics data points is insufficient to draw conclusions with any confidence. Figure 3 19, however, compares concentrations for those specific organic species that are detected with frequency ( greater than 25 percent of the time) in all landfill types. Based on Figure 3 19, most species appear to follow the following pattern: highest concentrations in hazardous waste landfill leachate, second highest concentrations in industrial codisposal landfill leachate, and lowest concentrations in MSW landfill leachate. Possible exceptions appear to be benzene, ethylbenzene, napthalene, and xylene which may be higher in certain industrial codisposal landfills.

Figure 3 19. Cumulative Distribution of Organics by Landfill Type Note: for all organic species, data for C& D landfills consist of less than 15 observations September 2000 3 51 Draft Figure 3 19. Cumulative Distribution of Organics by Landfill Type ( continued)

Note: for all organic species, data for C& D landfills consist of less than 15 observations September 2000 3 52 Draft Figure 3 19. Cumulative Distribution of Organics by Landfill Type ( continued)

Note: for all organic species, data for C& D landfills consist of less than 15 observations September 2000 3 53 Draft 3.7 Summary Statistics for Captive Landfills Included in the LEACH 2000 database are a number of landfills that do not fit the landfill categories discussed at length in preceding sections. These landfills are captive landfills that manage waste from a single industrial plant or several industrial plants owned by the same company. Detailed data are not available on the operating practices of all of these landfills, but it is believed that some may be monofills ( i. e., they manage primarily a single type of waste). Even those captive landfills that are not monofills, however, would be expected to be distinctly different and possibly exhibit less variation in leachate characteristics than the landfills discussed above.

Captive landfills are discussed in this section according to the waste generating industy to which they belong. The number of captive landfills of any given type represented in the database is small. Furthermore, all of these captive landfills are in the State of Wisconsin. Therefore, the sample presented here cannot be considered statistically representative on a geographic basis. As a result, only limited efforts have been made to draw conclusions about these classes of landfills or compare across landfill types. The sections below focus instead on presenting summary statistics drawn from the available data for each type of landfill.

3.7.1 Paper Mill Landfills The LEACH 2000 database includes data for 18 landfills that are operated by paper mills. Such landfills would be expected to receive primarily sludge and other waste from the paper making process. Leachate from paper mill landfills, therefore, would be expected to contain high levels of biodegradable organic materials. Section 4 of this report provides two specific examples of paper mill landfill operations ( case studies 5 and 12).

Table 3 6 presents the available data for paper mill landfills. As expected, TOC levels in paper mill landfill leachate are higher than those for other types of landfills. In addition, BOD and COD levels are less variable and generally higher than those for other types of landfills. With the exception of boron, median metals concentrations are similar to those for MSW landfills. Organic species are infrequently detected in the available data for paper mill landfills.

3.7.2 Combustion Waste Landfills The LEACH 2000 database includes data for six landfills that are operated by coal fired electric utility power plants. Such landfills would be expected to receive primarily ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other wastes from the electricity generating process. Leachate from these landfills, therefore, would be expected to contain non combustible inorganics with few combustible organics. Leachate might also be expected to be alkaline because of the characteristics of coal fly ash. Section 4 of this report provides several specific examples of combustion waste landfill operations ( case studies 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14).

Table 3 7 presents the available data for combustion waste landfills. As expected, median and high end pH levels are higher than those for other types of landfills. BOD and COD levels are low compared to those for MSW landfills. With the exceptions of boron and manganese, median September 2000 3 54 Draft inorganics concentrations, however, are not substantially different than those for MSW landfills. Organic species are rarely analyzed in the available data.

Table 3 6. Composition of Paper Mill Landfill Leachate Analyte N % Detected 5th % ile 10th % ile Median Mean 90th % ile 95th % ile MAJOR PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ( mg/ L, except pH in Standard Units) Alkalinity 1,479 99.9 113 264 1,575 2,630 7,050 9,000 B. O. D. 1,446 89.9 3 6.15 64.5 1,498 3,012 7,465 Calcium 363 100.0 25 47.6 168 253 441 625 Chloride 2,412 99.5 5 9.5 122 247 620 875 C. O. D. 2,089 97.2 14 29 386 2,720 7,743 15,400 Cyanide 30 46.7 0.003 0.004 0.0225 0.453 0.09 6 Fluoride 26 61.5 0.021 0.036 0.21 1.75 7.25 17 Iron 1,857 98.7 0.25 0.7 15 187 120 240 Magnesium 171 100.0 9.1 31 105 478 1,850 2,610 Nitrogen 1,075 99.7 0.36 0.82 65.5 347 980 2,000 pH 2,552 100.0 5.80 6.10 6.90 7.02 8.00 8.40 Sodium 601 100.0 13 20 130 884 1,200 2,300 Sulfate 1,668 95.4 8 13 80 221 600 1,000 T. O. C. 42 95.2 5.37 6.46 178 878 3,750 4,050 TRACE INORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Aluminum 48 93.8 14 28 160 1,100 3,050 3,780 Arsenic 253 61.7 3 5.40 18.2 82.7 130 450 Barium 321 93.5 24 43.5 300 722 1,650 2,250 Boron 684 81.6 65 100 680 2,973 5,300 7,400 Cadmium 163 32.5 0.221 0.3 10 48.6 40 110 Chromium 323 48.6 2 3 15 95.2 101 150 Copper 161 65.2 7.8 10 32 275 200 1,000 Lead 152 36.8 1.42 2.90 17.5 218 270 490 Manganese 384 99.2 59 100 1,330 5,627 12,300 22,000 Mercury 212 25.9 0.05 0.06 0.2 0.628 1.9 3 Nickel 105 70.5 13 18 59 93.2 180 230 Selenium 139 20.9 1 2 7.3 42.0 136 320 Silver 107 21.5 1.4 1.5 10 18.5 40 74 Zinc 170 76.5 7 10 35 147 205 420 ORGANICS ( µ g/ L) 1,1 Dichloroethane 90 3.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.63 2.60 2.60 Acenaphthene 27 3.7 1,900 1,900 1,900 1,900 1,900 1,900 Benzene 90 6.7 0.24 0.24 1.19 1.68 3.4 3.4 Ethylbenzene 90 11.1 0.28 0.29 1.35 3.31 12.2 22 Naphthalene 62 21.0 1.1 1.1 5.60 82.1 140 720 Phenol 26 19.2 9.2 9.2 150 179 490 490 Trichloroethylene 89 6.7 0.68 0.68 17 58.3 280 280 Vinyl Chloride 86 1.2 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 Xylene 123 14.6 0.19 0.28 2.1 27.9 14 440 Source: Characterization data from the 18 paper mill landfills included in the LEACH 2000 database. September 2000 3 55 Draft Table 3 7. Composition of Combustion Waste Landfill Leachate Analyte N % Detected 5th % ile 10th % ile Median Mean 90th % ile 95th % ile MAJOR PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ( mg/ L, except pH in Standard Units) Alkalinity 145 100.0 35 41 120 313 505 1,732 B. O. D. 88 42.1 0.21 2 9.6 22.9 48.8 130 Calcium 66 100.0 28.2 38 236 278 540 570 Chloride 71 98.6 1.7 7.38 52 139 354 960 C. O. D. 106 69.8 4.1 5 12 126 210 580 Fluoride 2 100.0 0.15 0.15 0.26 0.26 0.37 0.37 Iron 114 84.2 0.02 0.05 1.3 5.40 13.5 28 Magnesium 45 95.6 4.45 5.7 53.5 114 100 110 Nitrogen 13 23.1 0.76 0.76 0.81 0.857 1 1 pH 158 98.7 5.80 6.36 7.70 8.10 11.45 12.09 Sodium 58 100.0 25 56 290 265 430 480 Sulfate 146 100.0 154 373 1,285 1554.7728 2400 3900 TRACE INORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Arsenic 19 63.2 2 3.1 8.15 34.8 80 140 Barium 48 85.4 12 16 74 99.7 202 260 Boron 145 97.9 240 1,840 20,500 36,951 99,000 130,000 Cadmium 60 73.3 0.566 1.6 4.42 5.71 9.6 14.7 Chromium 44 79.6 2 4 10.9 72.4 134 600 Copper 18 55.6 3 5.5 35 48.0 122 175 Lead 38 47.4 1 1.5 5.85 11.6 30 60 Manganese 50 94.0 11 53 6,400 5,987 13,000 14,000 Mercury 24 25.0 0.2 0.2 0.55 0.95 3 3 Nickel 14 85.7 12 32 103.5 149 360 510 Selenium 117 94.0 2.4 3.8 19.5 111 99.5 170 Silver 19 10.5 0.2 0.2 10.1 10.1 20 20 Zinc 43 90.7 109 210 377 1,003 1,100 1,700 ORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Phenol 5 20.0 24 24 24 24 24 24 Source: Characterization data from the six electric utility landfills included in the LEACH 2000 database.

3.7.3 Foundry Landfills The LEACH 2000 database includes data for three landfills that are operated by foundries. Such landfills would be expected to receive metal bearing waste from production and pollution control processes. Leachate from these landfills, therefore, would be expected to be relatively high in metals and contain few combustible organics. Section 4 of this report includes a specific example of a foundry landfill operation ( case study 16).

Table 3 8 presents the available data for foundry landfills. As expected, BOD levels are lower than those for MSW landfills. With the possible exception of nickel, however, metals levels are not significantly different from those in MSW landfills. Median fluoride, sodium, and sulfate concentrations are substantially higher than those in MSW landfills. September 2000 3 56 Draft Table 3 8. Composition of Foundry Landfill Leachate Analyte N % Detected 5th % ile 10th % ile Median Mean 90th % ile 95th % ile MAJOR PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PARAMETERS ( mg/ L, except pH in Standard Units) Alkalinity 101 99.0 118 128 180 185 250 290 B. O. D. 76 56.6 2 2 7 52.0 150 277 Chloride 97 100.0 110 160 445 524 770 911 C. O. D. 101 99.0 18.5 22 104 175 382 530 Cyanide 5 40.0 0.015 0.015 0.0235 0.0235 0.032 0.032 Fluoride 44 100.0 1.1 1.62 3.85 3.74 5.5 5.8 Iron 88 94.3 0.04 0.06 0.2 0.744 1.83 3.26 Nitrogen 7 100.0 0.06 0.06 0.64 0.943 3 3 pH 119 98.3 6.69 7.01 7.80 8.01 9.78 9.90 Sodium 101 99.0 240.5 325 854 921 1,505 1,980 Sulfate 101 100.0 390 530 1,580 1,686 2,799 3,130 TRACE INORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Arsenic 12 16.7 1 1 9 9 17 17 Barium 15 80.0 8 24 35 37.8 60 69 Cadmium 69 36.2 0.19 0.2 10 12.3 27 41.3 Chromium 14 35.7 1.8 1.8 20 197 910 910 Copper 16 37.5 6 6 14.5 616 3,600 3,600 Lead 81 35.8 2.1 2.4 30 138 290 300 Manganese 25 80.0 20.7 45 227 478 1050 1860 Mercury 24 16.7 0.080 0.080 0.2 0.245 0.5 0.5 Nickel 16 25.0 5.7 5.7 805 954 2,200 2,200 Selenium 12 8.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Silver 12 16.7 0.5 0.5 10.2 10.2 20 20 Zinc 17 35.3 10 10 32.5 40.7 110 110 ORGANICS ( µ g/ L) Acetone 10 80.0 17 17 63 60.9 100 100 Benzene 16 43.8 0.2 0.2 0.33 14.9 100 100 Ethylbenzene 16 25.0 0.2 0.2 1.75 25.9 100 100 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 10 10.0 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Naphthalene 19 21.0 1 1 435 418 800 800 Phenol 12 8.3 190 190 190 190 190 190 Xylene 27 25.9 0.2 0.2 5 131 500 500 Source: Characterization data from the three foundry landfills included in the LEACH 2000 database. September 2000 4 1 Draft 4. QUANTITATIVE LANDFILL CASE STUDIES Upon initiating this study it was hoped that a comprehensive database integrating landfill operations and permitting data with leachate generation data and leachate composition data could be found or created. The collection of data on leachate generation and composition met with some success, as discussed in Sections 2 and 3. No comprehensive electronic databases, however, were located containing information on landfill permitting, design, and operations, much less linking this information with leachate generation or composition data.

Therefore, to present a holistic overview of landfill design and operations in combination with leachate quantity and quality, this report relies on detailed case studies. This section presents 22 quantitative case studies highlighting pertinent data for several types of landfills. The landfill types ( and number of each type) represented in the case studies are as follows: municipal solid waste ( MSW) ( 10), ash ( 6), construction and demolition ( C& D) ( 3), paper mill sludge ( 2), foundry ( 1) and Subtitle D ( 1). The Subtitle D landfill accepted nearly the same quantity of industrial waste as it did municipal waste. In addition, one facility operated a MSW and C& D landfills for which data was obtained.

Each case studies integrates landfill operational data ( size, construction and controls, location, waste acceptance and quantities) with leachate quantity and quality data, in a front and back display, to provide an exemplary cross section of U. S. landfills. Table 4 1 provides the index for the case studies.

Data was compiled using available data sources. These sources included, but were not limited to, EPA site visit reports as part of the Office of Water Effluent Guidelines for Point Source Category for Landfills: Regulatory Docket, the Electric Power Research Institute report entitled, Field Evaluation of the Comanagement of Utility Low Volume Wastes with High Volume Coal Combustion By Products ( August, 1997) and an file review at the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. These data were supplemented, when possible, via personal communication. September 2000 4 2 Draft Table 4 1. Landfill Case Studies Case Study No. Name Location Type Data As Recent As:

1 Shrewsbury Shrewsbury, MA Incinerator ash monofill 1993 2 Limestone Jewett, TX Combustion ash monofill 1996 3 Pawnee Brush, CO Combustion ash monofill pre 1997 4 Pleasant Prairie Pleasant Prairie, WI Combustion ash monofill 1997 5 Wisconsin Tissue Mill Vinland Site Vinland, WI Paper mill sludge monofill 1997 6 Superior Emerald Park Muskego, WI Municipal 1999 7 Wisconsin Electric and Power Co. Caldonia Caledonia, WI Combustion ash monofill 1997 8 Ingles Mountain Radford, VA Construction and demolition debris ( C& D) 1999 9 La Crosse County La Crosse, WI Municipal 1997 10 Superior Greentree Kersey, PA Subtitle D 1999 11 Marathon County Ringle, WI Municipal 1999 12 Mead Paper Chillicothe, OH Paper mill sludge monofill 1993 13 Mormon Hollow Road Wendell, MA Construction and demolition debris ( C& D) 1999 14 Northern States Power Woodfield Ashland, WI Combustion ash monofill 1997 15 WMWI Timberline Trail Bruce, WI Municipal 1997 16 Waupaca Foundry Waupaca, WI Foundry 1997 17 Westside Three Rivers, MI Municipal and construction and demolition debris ( C& D) 1999 18 Winnebago County Sunnyview Oshkosh, WI Municipal 1997 19 Superior Savannah, GA Municipal 1994 20 Northwoods Sanitary Rice Lake, WI Municipal 1997 21 Vernon County Viroqua, WI Municipal 1997 22 Tangipahoa Parish Independence, LA Municipal 1994 2

Mile

Radius 1

Mile

Radius Shrewsbury

Landfill

ID: Lat:

42.215784

Long:

71.781533 Worcester

County,

MA. This

computer

representation

has

been

compiled

by

the

U.

S. Environmental

Protection

Agency

(

EPA)

from

sources

which

have supplied

data

or

information

that

has

not

been

verified

by

the the

EPA.

This

data

is

offered

here

as

a

general

representation only,

and

is

not

to

be

used

for

commercial

purposes

without verification

by

an

independant

professional

qualified

to

verify such

data

or

information.

The

EPA

does

not

guarantee

the accuracy,

completeness,

or

timeliness

of

the

information

shown, and

shall

not

be

liable

for

any

loss

or

injury

resulting

from reliance

upon

the

information

shown. Albers

Projection LEGEND Public

Water

Supply EPA

SDWIS

System Basin

Boundary USGS

Catalog

Unit County

Boundary 1990

Population

Density

Per

Sq

Mi Under

10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3  ,000

6,000 6  ,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 O  ver

20,000 0  0  .1 0  .2 0  .3 0  .4 0  .5 0  .6 0  .7 0  .8 0  .9 1 Miles Produced

June

28,

1999 By

SITEPLUS

(

Req

s63925) U.

S.

Environmental

Protection

Agency Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls 3 Not constructed 6.6 847,000 4 Not constructed 8.0 825,000 Totals 36.6 2,933,000 Averages 9.2 733,250 Section/ Cell Status Area (

acres)

Design Capacity (

yd ³ ) Closed with geomembrane cover (

full) 1 10.5 469,000 2 Active (

60% of capacity)

11.5 792,000 Exhibit 2.

Waste Data Totals Wastes Accepted Constituents Average Daily Quantity (

tons)

Percentage of Total byWeight Incinerator Residue Air Pollution Control Hopper Ash Bottom Ash Fly Ash Sifting and Riddlings N/

A N/

A 31.5 287 24.5 7 1.37 0.27 351.64 9 82 7 2 <

0.4 <

0.08 100 Street CleaningWaste WWTPWastes LANDFILL CASE 1:

SHREWSBURYASH MONOFILL Exhibit 3.

Leachate Quantity Summary (

based on 1993 Data) Quarter Dates Precipitation (

inches)

Leachate Quantity (

gal.) 1 2 3 4 Totals January   March April   June July   September October   December 10.4 8.15 14.09 13.84 46.48 2,884,122 2,784,440 1,547,656 3,726,163 10,942,381 Daily Average 32,406 30,598 16,822 40,502 30,061 Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

Shrewsbury Residue Landfill Address:

640 Hartford Tnpk (

US 20) Shrewsbury,

MA 01545 Owner/

Operator:

Town of Shrewsbury/

Wheelabrator Millbury Inc.

and A.

J.

Letourneau Dispose

All Company Ownership status:

Commercial Facility contact:

Steve Sibinich,

Director EH&

S Compliance 508

791

8900 Alfred Confalone,

Manager Discharge permit no.:

120 State permit no.:

BWP SW09 Landfill type:

Incinerator ash landfill Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Network of slotted polyvinyl chloride piping placed into a sand drainage blanket Number of sections:

Four (

4) Status:

Section 1   closed,

Section 2   active,

Sections 3 and 4   not constructed Liner type:

Two feet of compacted clay overlain by a geomembrane consisting of 60 mil HDPE Cover type:

Six inch daily soil cover Operational period:

1989 to present Waste acceptance:

Fly and bottom ash,

residual wastes (

such as bar screenings and grit), and street cleaning wastes Overall location area:

45 acres Total permitted area:

36.6 acres Total landfill capacity:

2,933,000 yd ³ Nature of waste:

Incinerator residue,

street cleaning waste,

waste water treatment plant (

WWTP)

waste Annual landfilled quantity:

155,000 tons (

1993) Total cumulative landfilled quantity:

944,200 tons (

as of 1993) Liquid to solid ratio:

Approximately 0.044 L/

kg Annual leachate generation:

10,942,381 gallons (

1993) Average annual precipitation:

46.48 inches Leachate Quality Exhibit 4.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 90th MAX PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS BOD 16 22 36 77 151 COD 17 37 247 649 800 TDS 17 2700 8590 9540 48500 pH (

su)

17 6 6.5 8.1 8.3 Nitrate/

Nitrite 1 14 14 14 14 Total Phenols 1 4.34 4.34 4.34 4.34 Total Sulfide (

Iodometric)

1 80 80 80 80 Alkalinity 4 59 77.3 84 114 Acidity 4 16 23.5 20 46 Sulfate 4 136 131 145 175 FOG 6 0.8 47.3 16 250 Specific Conductivity 4 10900 11000 11700 12300 TSS 16 10 62.6 137 350 TRACE CONTAMINANTS Metals Antimony 1 0.131 0.131 0.131 0.131 Barium 5 1.16 2.82 2.6 6.99 Beryllium 1 0.0672 0.0672 0.0672 0.0672 Boron 14 0.05 0.274 0.328 2.15 Cadmium 6 0.007 0.0372 .02 0.172 Calcium 5 1400 3570 2300 11400 Chloride 5 3760 9250 4890 29900 Chromium 1 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 Copper 15 0.02 0.122 0.377 0.47 Europium 1 0.298 0.298 0.298 0.298 Fluoride 1 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 Iridium 1 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.01 Iron 5 2.53 3.51 4.41 5.56 Lead 8 0.009 10.3 0.28 81.4 Magnesium 4 4.78 4.90 6.03 6.29 Manganese 5 1.41 4.28 4.09 12.7 Molybdenum 11 0.01 0.0762 0.06 0.536 Nickel 5 0.035 0.104 0.184 0.201 Niobium 1 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 Platinum 1 1.46 1.46 1.46 1.46 Potassium 5 426 1130 975 2950 Samarium 1 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 Scandium 1 0.0505 0.0505 0.0505 0.0505 Silicon 1 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Silver 3 0.015 0.0187 0.015 0.03 Sodium 5 655 1750 1440 4890 Strontium 1 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 Sulfate 4 136 130.5 145 175 Sulfur 1 628 628 628 628 Tantalum 1 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.14 Zinc 11 0.03 0.164 0.596 0.652 Data Source Effluent Guidelines for Landfill Point Source Category:

Shrewsbury Site Visit Report,

April 5,

1995. Identification Name:

Limestone Station Ash Landfill Address:

Jewett,

TX 75846 Owner/

Operator:

Houston Power and Light Ownership status:

Captive EPA ID:

TXD987978210 Landfill types:

Industrial (

Coal combustion ash) Permitting status:

Active Landfill Construction and Controls Type of LCS:

Impermeable trench surrounding landfill to intercept stormwater runoff and leachate. Number of cells:

20 Waste acceptance:

Coal combustion ash and low

volume solid waste Overall location area:

380 acres Permitted area:

Unknown Cell dimensions:

Cells 1,

2 ,3,

4,

and 6 total 68 acres.

Peak landfill height approximately 120 feet above grade. Cell capacity:

Unknown Run

on/

off controls:

Diversion ditches carry runoff to a sedimentation pond. Underlying geology/

soil type:

50 feet of alluvium (

sand,

silt,

and clay), underlain by 20 feet of sand,

underlain by 600 feet of interbedded muds,

sands,

and lignite deposits. Depth to aquifer:

Approximately 5   10 feet below liner. Special Practices:

None noted. LandfilledWaste Nature of waste:

Coal combustion waste (

fly ash,

bottom ash,

flue gas desulfurization sludge)

comanaged with low

volume solid wastes. Annual Total cumulative landfilled quantity: Liquid to solid ratio:

Unknown quantity landfilled:

1,790,000 tons (

1996) 19.7 million tons of coal combustion waste through 1996 Average leachate generation:

No data. Average annual precipitation:

32 inches Leachate Quantity LANDFILL CASE 2:

LIMESTONE COMBUSTION ASH MONOFILL 2

Mile

Radius 1

Mile

Radius HPL

Limestone

Ash

Landfill Lat:

31.4225

Long:

96.255556 Limestone

County,

TX. This

computer

representation

has

been

compiled

by

the

U.

S. Environmental

Protection

Agency

(

EPA)

from

sources

which

have supplied

data

or

information

that

has

not

been

verified

by

the the

EPA.

This

data

is

offered

here

as

a

general

representation only,

and

is

not

to

be

used

for

commercial

purposes

without verification

by

an

independant

professional

qualified

to

verify such

data

or

information.

The

EPA

does

not

guarantee

the accuracy,

completeness,

or

timeliness

of

the

information

shown, and

shall

not

be

liable

for

any

loss

or

injury

resulting

from reliance

upon

the

information

shown. Albers

Projection LEGEND Basin

Boundary USGS

Catalog

Unit County

Boundary 1990

Population

Density

Per

Sq

Mi Under

10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3  ,000

6,000 6  ,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 O  ver

20,000 0  0  .1 0  .2 0  .3 0  .4 0  .5 0  .6 0  .7 0  .8 0  .9 1 Miles Produced

September

22,

1999 By

SITEPLUS

(

Req

s61542) U.

S.

Environmental

Protection

Agency Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls Landfill Type/

Area Cell(

s)

Status Liner LCS Cover Operational Period Coal combustion ash/

380 acres 1,

2,

3 4,

6 5 6   20 Closed Active Proposed 3

foot thick compacted clay Impermeable trench surrounding landfill (

stormwater and leachate)

3

foot clay cap overlain by topsoil None N/

A 1986   (

?) (?)

  Present N/

A Exhibit 2.

Waste Data Wastes Accepted Quantity in 1996 (

tons)

Percentage of TotalWeight Fly ash 840,000 47 Bottom ash/

boiler slag 397,000 22 Flue gas desulfurization 500,000 28 sludge Mill rejects 36,500 2 Water treatment pond 12,710 <

1 sludges Cooling tower sludge 480 <

1 Filter bed media 10 <

1 Spent demineralizer resin 5 <

1 beads Sandblast grit 100 <

1 Cooling tower fill 40 <

1 Refractory brick 5 <

1 Leachate Quality Exhibit 3. Leachate Composition Data*

PARAMETER Concentration ( ug/ l)

OBS 10th 50th 90th MAX % Detect Avg DL PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IC 1 8,540 8,540 8,540 8,540 100 Unknown DOC 1 22,600 22,600 22,600 22,600 100 Unknown pH ( SU) 1 8.38 8.38 8.38 8.38 100 Unknown Eh ( mV) 1  332  332  332  332 100 Unknown EC ( us/ cm) 1 7.56 7.56 7.56 7.56 100 Unknown INORGANICS/ TRACE ELEMENTS Aluminum 1 640 640 640 640 100 Unknown Arsenic 1 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.4 100 Unknown Barium 1 191 191 191 191 100 Unknown Boron 1 28,700 28,700 28,700 28,700 100 Unknown Bromine 1 101,000 101,000 101,000 101,000 100 Unknown Cadmium 1 < 2.5 < 2.5 < 2.5 < 2.5 100 Unknown Calcium 1 749,000 749,000 749,000 749,000 100 Unknown Chloride 1 1,312,000 1,312,000 1,312,000 1,312,000 100 Unknown Chromium 1 < 2.5 < 2.5 < 2.5 < 2.5 100 Unknown Copper 1 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 100 Unknown Fluoride 1 < 2,000 < 2,000 < 2,000 < 2,000 100 Unknown Iron 1 ND ND ND ND 0 Unknown Lead 1 < 5 < 5 < 5 < 5 100 Unknown Magnesium 1 19,500 19,500 19,500 19,500 100 Unknown Manganese 1 563 563 563 563 100 Unknown Molybdenum 1 ND ND ND ND 0 Unknown Nickel 1 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.2 100 Unknown NO2 1 < 2,000 < 2,000 < 2,000 < 2,000 100 Unknown NO3 1 < 300 < 300 < 300 < 300 100 Unknown Potassium 1 84,500 84,500 84,500 84,500 100 Unknown PO4 1 < 500 < 500 < 500 < 500 100 Unknown Selenium 2 ND  128 128 50 Unknown Silicon 1 5,800 5,800 5,800 5,800 100 Unknown Silver 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 < 1 100 Unknown Sodium 1 742,000 742,000 742,000 742,000 100 Unknown Strontium 1 23,000 23,000 23,000 23,000 100 Unknown Sulfur 1 721,000 721,000 721,000 721,000 100 Unknown SO3 1 < 5,000 < 5,000 < 5,000 < 5,000 100 Unknown SO4 1 2,051,000 2,051,000 2,051,000 2,051,000 100 Unknown S203 1 13,900 13,900 13,900 13,900 100 Unknown Vanadium 1 4.51 4.51 4.51 4.51 100 Unknown Zinc 1 116 116 116 116 100 Unknown * Based on samples of seepage from landfill to leachate/ runoff drainage ditch.

Data Source Field Evaluation of the Comanagement of Utility Low Volume Wastes with High Volume Coal Combustion By Products: LS Site. Electric Power Research Institute. Final Report, August 1997. Fly ash 46,000 6.8 Boiler slag 50 <

0.1 Water treatment wastes (

thickener sludge)

569,000 84.0 Cooling tower sludge 20,000 3 High

quality holding basin sludge 30 <

0.1 Wastewater treatment sludge (

brine decant pit sludge)

36,000 5.3 Refractory brick 200 <

0.1 Miscellaneous wastes 4,000 0.6 Exhibit 1.

Waste Data Wastes Accepted Quantity (

cubic yards/

year)

Percentage of TotalWeight LANDFILL CASE 3:

PAWNEE ASH MONOFILL 2

Mile

Radius 1

Mile

Radius Pawnee

Ash

Landfill Lat:

40.206448

Long:

103.696114 Morgan

County,

CO. This

computer

representation

has

been

compiled

by

the

U.

S. Environmental

Protection

Agency

(

EPA)

from

sources

which

have supplied

data

or

information

that

has

not

been

verified

by

the the

EPA.

This

data

is

offered

here

as

a

general

representation only,

and

is

not

to

be

used

for

commercial

purposes

without verification

by

an

independant

professional

qualified

to

verify such

data

or

information.

The

EPA

does

not

guarantee

the accuracy,

completeness,

or

timeliness

of

the

information

shown, and

shall

not

be

liable

for

any

loss

or

injury

resulting

from reliance

upon

the

information

shown. Albers

Projection LEGEND Basin

Boundary USGS

Catalog

Unit County

Boundary 1990

Population

Density

Per

Sq

Mi Under

10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3  ,000

6,000 6  ,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 O  ver

20,000 0  0  .1 0  .2 0  .3 0  .4 0  .5 0  .6 0  .7 0  .8 0  .9 1 Miles Produced

September

22,

1999 By

SITEPLUS

(

Req

s62935) U.

S.

Environmental

Protection

Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Leachate Quality Data Source Name:

Pawnee Station Ash Landfill Address:

14940 County Road 24 Brush,

CO 80723 Owner:

Public Service Company of Colorado Ownership status:

Captive EPA ID:

COD98028025 NPDES ID:

COG600195 Landfill type:

Industrial (

Coal combustion ash) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

None Number of cells:

1 Liner type:

2

foot compacted locally derived fine sand to clay. Operational period:

1980 to present Waste acceptance:

Coal combustion ash and low

volume solid wastes Overall location area:

20 acres Permitted area:

20 acres Landfill dimensions:

Landfill excavated to 42 feet below ground level.

Maximum thickness approximately 40 feet. Landfill capacity:

Unknown Run

on/

off controls:

None identified Underlying geology/

soil type:

Dune sand,

overlying less than 24 feet of residual soil (

very fine sand and silt with up to 30 percent clay),

overlying bedrock at 50   75 feet below the ground surface. Depth to aquifer:

Water table is above the excavated depth of the landfill. Special practices:

Surface water from precipitation and natural dewatering of sludge waste collects in a topographic low area of the landfill. Nature of waste:

Coal combustion waste (

fly ash,

bottom ash,

and boiler slag)

comanaged with low

volume solid wastes. Average annual quantity landfilled:

Approximately 675,000 yd Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

Unknown Liquid to solid ratio:

Unknown Average leachate generation:

No data (

leachate not collected) Average annual precipitation:

15 inches rain,

60 inches snow No data are available for leachate as generated.

Data are available,

however,

in the EPRI report characterizing 2:

1 distilled water extracts from waste as managed in the landfill. Field Evaluation of the Comanagement of Utility Low

VolumeWastes with High

Volume Coal Combustion By

Products:

PA Site.

Electric Power Research Institute.

Draft Report,

August 1997. 3 Landfill Type/

Area Cell(

s)

Status Liner LCS Cover Operational Period Coal combustion ash/

163 acres 1 Closed Closed Compacted soil only None 2

foot clay cap overlain by 6 inches topsoil 1980   1986 2 5

feet thick clay over compacted soil None 1985   1991 Closed None 1988   1994 3 Active None None 1994   Present 4 5   25 Permitted, not yet developed N/

A N/

A N/

A N/

A 5

feet thick clay over compacted soil 5

feet thick clay over compacted soil 2

foot clay cap overlain by 6 inches topsoil 2

foot clay cap overlain by 6 inches topsoil Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls Wastes Accepted Quantity (

cubic yards/

year)

Percentage of TotalWeight Fly ash 5,000 14.4 Economizer Ash 300 0.9 Bottom Ash and Boiler Slag 29,000 83.2 Low

volumeWaste Basin 75 0.2 Metal CleaningWaste Basin 100 0.3 Coal Pile Runoff Basin Sludge 150 0.4 Wastewater Treatment Sludge 200 0.6 Cooling Tower Basin Sludge 20 <

0.1 Scrap Ferrous Metal and 1 <

0.1 Sludge Sludge Waste Sulfite Exhibit 2.

Waste Data LANDFILL CASE 4:

PLEASANT PRAIRIE ASH MONOFILL 2

Mile

Radius 1

Mile

Radius WEPCO

Pleasant

Praire

Ash

Landfill Lat:

42.533217

Long:

87.902379 Kenosha

County,

WI. This

computer

representation

has

been

compiled

by

the

U.

S. Environmental

Protection

Agency

(

EPA)

from

sources

which

have supplied

data

or

information

that

has

not

been

verified

by

the the

EPA.

This

data

is

offered

here

as

a

general

representation only,

and

is

not

to

be

used

for

commercial

purposes

without verification

by

an

independant

professional

qualified

to

verify such

data

or

information.

The

EPA

does

not

guarantee

the accuracy,

completeness,

or

timeliness

of

the

information

shown, and

shall

not

be

liable

for

any

loss

or

injury

resulting

from reliance

upon

the

information

shown. Albers

Projection LEGEND Basin

Boundary USGS

Catalog

Unit County

Boundary 1990

Population

Density

Per

Sq

Mi Under

10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3  ,000

6,000 6  ,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 O  ver

20,000 0  0  .1 0  .2 0  .3 0  .4 0  .5 0  .6 0  .7 0  .8 0  .9 1 Miles Produced

September

22,

1999 By

SITEPLUS

(

Req

s61858) U.

S.

Environmental

Protection

Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

Pleasant Prairie Ash Landfill Address:

8000 95 Street Pleasant Prairie,

WI 53201 Owner:

Wisconsin Electric Power Company Ownership status:

Captive EPA ID:

WID000711176 NPDES ID:

WI0043583 Landfill type:

Industrial (

Coal combustion ash) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

None Number of cells:

25 Waste acceptance:

Coal combustion ash and low

volume solid wastes Overall location area:

163 acres Permitted area:

163 acres Landfill dimensions:

Each cell approximately 6 acres.

Maximum thickness of closed estimated 25 feet. Landfill capacity:

Unknown Run

on/

off controls:

Retention and drainage ditches from which runoff evaporates or into the ground. Underlying geology/

Less than 1 foot of topsoil (

silty clay and silt loam),

underlain (

till,

clay,

silt,

sand,

and some gravel),

underlain by bedrock (

105   120 feet below ground surface). Depth to aquifer:

Approximately 2   8 feet below base of waste. Special practices:

Bottom ash and boiler slag spread in cell base,

fly ash and low

volume solids placed on top,

spread,

and compacted following the addition of treated cooling tower water for dust suppression. Nature of waste:

Coal combustion waste (

fly ash,

bottom ash,

and boiler slag)

comanaged with low

volume solid wastes. Average annual quantity landfilled:

35,000 yd Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

595,462 (

through mid

1997) Liquid to solid ratio:

Unknown Leachate generation:

Unknown (

leachate not collected) Average annual precipitation:

33 inches cells infiltrates by glacial soil type:

drift yd 3 3 Leachate Quality Exhibit 3. Leachate Composition Data*

PARAMETER Concentration ( ug/ l)

OBS MIN Average MAX % Detect Avg DL PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL PROPERTIES TDS Unknown 2,130,000 2,716,000 3,200,300 Unknown Unknown Alkalinity Unknown 49,000 451,000 1,284,000 Unknown Unknown pH ( SU) Unknown 9.22 11.5 12.59 Unknown Unknown EC ( us/ cm) Unknown 2,961 4,305 6,600 Unknown Unknown INORGANICS/ TRACE ELEMENTS Arsenic Unknown 1 10 28 Unknown Unknown Barium Unknown 10 5,320 24,100 Unknown Unknown Boron Unknown 1,060 3,250 5,970 Unknown Unknown Cadmium Unknown < 3 70 71 Unknown Unknown Calcium Unknown 1,670 161,000 530,000 Unknown Unknown Chloride Unknown 12,890 56,000 160,490 Unknown Unknown Chromium Unknown < 3 0 16 Unknown Unknown Copper Unknown 2 20 53 Unknown Unknown Fluoride Unknown 209 430 880 Unknown Unknown Iron Unknown 10 230 890 Unknown Unknown Lead Unknown 2 10 20 Unknown Unknown Magnesium Unknown 10 1,200 8,290 Unknown Unknown Manganese Unknown 5 710 3,790 Unknown Unknown Molybdenum Unknown 520 1,070 1,620 Unknown Unknown NO3 Unknown 90 1,000 3,670 Unknown Unknown Potassium Unknown 19,380 52,800 115,500 Unknown Unknown Selenium Unknown 2 860 12,850 Unknown Unknown Silver Unknown 1 0 2 Unknown Unknown Sodium Unknown 388,000 732,000 1,263,000 Unknown Unknown SO4 Unknown 694,000 1,446,000 1,952,000 Unknown Unknown Zinc Unknown 10 30 77 Unknown Unknown * Data shown are based on summary data for aqueous samples from four leachate head wells taken between 1978 and 1997. Because the individual sample data and number of observations were not reported, 50th and 95th percentile values could not be determined.

Data Source Field Evaluation of the Comanagement of Utility Low Volume Wastes with High Volume Coal Combustion By Products: P4 Site. Electric Power Research Institute. Final Report, July 1997. LANDFILL CASE 5:

WTM VINLAND SITE PAPER MILL SLUDGE MONOFILL Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

WTM Vinland Site Paper Mill Sludge Monofill Address:

US Highway 45 and County Truck Highway GG Vinland,

WI Owner:

Wisconsin Tissue Mills (

WTM) Ownership status:

Captive Facility contact:

Bernie Kopp,

VP

Tech Development,

414

725

7031 State license no.:

03131 Landfill type:

Industrial (

Pulp/

paper sludge) Permitting status:

Closed Type of LCS:

Standard Number of phases:

Two (

2) Status:

Closed Liner type:

5

feet of compacted clay Final cover:

Clay overlain by top soil Operational period:

February 1988 to June 1997 Waste acceptance:

Pulp and paper mill sludge from WTM plants Overall location area:

160 acres Permitted area:

37 acres Total permitted capacity:

1,710,300 yd ³ Underlying geology/

soil type:

Surface soils are silty clay underlain by bedrock at 100 feet below the surface Nature of waste:

Pulp and paper mill sludge from WTM plants Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

1,481,515 tons Total cumulative volume landfilled:

1,500,000 yd ³ Liquid to solid ratio:

0.03 L/

kg Average annual leachate generation:

8,522,600 gallons Average annual precipitation:

29.7 inches 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius WTM Vinland Sludge Landfill  Lat:

44.11187 Long:

88.54369 Winnebago County,

WI. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 28,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s48657) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls 1 2 1   6 1   6 Feb.

1988 to April 1993 Aug.

1992 to June 1998 Design Capacity (

yd ) 3 535,500 944,400 Phase Modules Status Liner Operational Period Closed Closed 5 feet compacted clay Quantity (

gallons)

12,044,510 9,221,200 10,734,880 11,932,680 11,609,500 Year 1994 Exhibit 3.

Leachate Quantity Data 1993 1995 1996 1997 Year Wastes Type Quantity (

tons)

Volume (

yd ) 3 Paper mill sludge 86,874 82,530 1988 121,689 120,186 1989 159,171 157,204 1990 184,053 151,484 1991 176,370 138,874 1992 191,204 172,256 1993 186,238 177,370 1994 191,050 218,986 1995 184,866 176,063 1996 122,081 105,047 1997 Exhibit 2.

Waste Data Leachate Quality Exhibit 4.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 95th Max %

Detect PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alkalinity (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

125 250 740 4680 6000 100% BOD (

mg/

l)

70 7.8 1400 9100 11000 100% Chloride (

mg/

l)

122 35.1 92 969.5 1500 100% COD (

mg/

l)

99 4.96 660 12000 16000 100% Conductivity (

Micromho)

123 1588 2290 6930 10051 100% Hardness (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

125 808 1400 5720 7700 100% Nitrate Nitrogen (

mg/

l)

2 0.135 0.355 0.6025 0.63 100% Nitrite plus Nitrate (

mg/

l)

9 0.048 0.13 0.568 0.68 89% Nitrogen,

Ammonia (

mg/

l)

8 61.3 120 186.5 190 100% Nitrogen,

Kjeldahl (

mg/

l)

23 11.88 120 247 430 96% pH (

su)

123 6.352 6.88 7.535 7.96 100% Sulfate (

mg/

l)

123 39 240 1200 1700 100% TDS (

mg/

l)

3 9 45 2344.5 2600 67% TSS (

mg/

l)

119 8.8 65 2240 6300 100% TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Antimony 1 140 140 140 140 100% Arsenic 12 12.5 22 42.7 46 92% Barium 15 0.482 480 1560 1700 93% Cadmium 4 0.27 1 1.185 1.2 75% Chromium 8 0.014 19 83.25 92 88% Copper 10 0.009 12.35 63.75 84 90% Iron (

mg/

l)

121 0.19 6.2 270 310000 100% Lead 6 0.029 14.54 52.75 57 83% Magnesium (

mg/

l)

2 0 0 0 0 0% Manganese 21 0.15 81 2900 4800 100% Mercury 2 0 0 0 0 0% Nickel 12 0.0424 68.5 238 260 92% Phosphorus (

mg/

l)

99 0.017 0.53 1.73 110 100% Selenium 3 0.78 3.9 20.19 22 67% Silver 2 1.2 6 11.4 12 50% Sodium (

mg/

l)

9 145.2 210 438 450 100% Zinc 13 0.0224 31 390 390 92% Organics 1,1,1

Trichloroethane 1 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 100% 1,2,4

Trimethylbenzene 7 0.584 0.82 2.3 2.3 100%

1,3,5

Trimethylbenzene 4 0.305 0.405 0.759 0.81 100% Benzene 3 0.676 1.1 46.91 52 100% Benzoic Acid 2 262 590 959 1000 100% Bis(

2

ethylhexyl)

Phthalate (

Dehp)

1 18 18 18 18 100% Chloroform 2 5.338 23.41 43.741 46 100% Dichloromethane 1 21 21 21 21 100% Di

n

butyl Phthalate 1 80 80 80 80 100% Ethylbenzene 7 0.392 0.72 15.24 21 100% Hexachlorobutadiene 1 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 100% Isopropylbenzene 1 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 100% m,

p

xylene 3 0.538 0.57 1.947 2.1 100% m

cresol 1 1000 1000 1000 1000 100% Naphthalene 5 3.84 7.7 9.58 10 100% N

butylbenzene 8 0.788 2.45 5.665 5.7 100% N

propylbenzene 1 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 100% o

xylene 1 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 100% p

isopropyltoluene 2 0.52 1 1.54 1.6 100% Phenolics 1 5 5 5 5 100% sec

butylbenzene 3 1.04 1.6 2.32 2.4 100% Styrene 4 0.758 1.15 3.285 3.6 100% tert

butylbenzene 2 1.025 1.325 1.6625 1.7 100% Toluene 8 1.17 8.25 262.05 380 100% Data Source Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources File review conducted by SAIC (

September 1999) MSW 11,479 122,265 318,892 431,878 430,334 Foundry 7 18,985 75,848 79,022 107,621 Wastewater treatment wastes 4,738**

6,565 4,524 594 1,945 Petro contaminated soils 102,732 217,352 196,961 299,596 Demolition waste 29,350 40,765 41,539 44,003 Shredder fluff (

used as daily cover)

13,671 16,675 24,012 20,222 Miscellaneous 8,150 10,346 8,863 11,221 *

Filling began in November of 1994 **

Identified only as "

special waste" Waste Type Quantity (

tons) 1995 Exhibit 2.

Waste Data 1994*

1996 1997 1998 LANDFILL CASE 6:

SUPERIOR EMERALD PARK MUNICIPAL LANDFILL New Holstein Kiel 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius Superior Emerald Park Landfill  Lat:

43.9301 Long:

88.0696 Calumet County,

WI. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 21,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s40236) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Phase Status Liner Operational Period Final Cover 1 Closed Active 5 feet of compacted clay and 60 mil geomembrane Active Active Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls 2 3A 3B December 1994 to 1997 1996 to present Mid

1997 to present Late 1998 to present 2 feet of clay 2 feet of clay (

West slopes only) N/

A Quantity (

gallons)

212,900 2,789,400 1,932,900 1,776,000 3,188,000 Year 1995 Exhibit 3.

Leachate Quantity Data 1994 1996 1997 1998 I Name:

Superior Emerald Park Landfill Address:

W124 S10629 South 124th Street Muskego,

WI 53150 Owner:

Superior Ownership status:

Commercial Facility contact:

Gene Kramer,

General Manager,

414

529

1360 State license No.:

03290 Landfill type:

Municipal SolidWaste (

MSW) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Standard with 1

foot drainage layer Number of phases:

Three (

3) Status:

Portions of phases 2 and 3 are active Liner type:

5 feet of compacted clay and 60 mil geomembrane Cover type;

6 inch daily cover of shredder fluff Operational period:

November 1994 to present Permitted to accept:

Municipal,

biomedical,

contaminated soil,

demolition,

wastewater treatment (

WWT)

sludge,

and foundry wastes fromWaukesha and Milwaukee counties Overall location area:

300 acres Permitted area:

35 acres Total permitted capacity:

3,550,360 yd ³ Underlying geology/

soil type:

Silt and clay loams underlain by gravel and dolomite/

shale bedrock Special practice:

Began re

circulating leachate in August of 1998. Nature of waste:

MSW,

WWT sludge,

and contaminated soil Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

2,675,780 tons (

as of January 1999) Total cumulative volume landfilled:

2,725,876 yd ³ (

as of January 1999) Liquid to solid ratio:

0.004 L/

kg Average leachate generation:

2,420,000 gallons Average annual precipitation:

31.6 inches dentification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Leachate Quality Exhibit 4.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 95th MAX %

Detect PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alkalinity (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

7 820 2160 3390 3600 100% BOD (

mg/

l)

19 560.4 1600 3442 5440 100% Chloride (

mg/

l)

7 116.8 280 707.4 750 100% COD (

mg/

l)

11 660 1600 3550 3580 100% Conductivity (

Micromho)

17 1590.8 4200 5676 6460 100% Hardness (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

6 759.5 1070 2297.5 2400 100% Nitrogen,

Ammonia (

mg/

l)

7 10.508 37.4 83.94 84 100% Nitrogen,

Kjeldahl (

mg/

l)

18 22.8 48.5 124.05 130 100% pH (

su)

18 6.197 6.705 9.255 12.4 100% Sulfate (

mg/

l)

6 20 60.5 105.25 110 100% TSS (

mg/

l)

19 31.2 82 236.8 280 100% TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Arsenic 3 16.8 20 20.9 21 100% Barium 3 442 650 866 890 100% Boron (

mg/

l)

3 1.992 2.76 3.966 4.1 100% Cadmium 3 4.7 8.3 14.33 15 100% Chromium 5 10 11 29.8 32 100% Copper 3 6.64 12 334.2 370 100% Cyanide (

mg/

l)

6 0.11 0.1945 0.78625 0.88 100% Iron (

mg/

l)

7 15.44 55 206.1 243 100% Manganese 6 470 570 985 990 100% Nickel 6 36 54 140 160 100% Phosphorus (

mg/

l)

18 0.0585 0.155 0.4685 0.8 100% Sodium (

mg/

l)

7 67.44 160 317.9 347 100% Zinc 6 20.5 116 450 540 100% Organics 1,1,1

Trichloroethane 5 7.56 35 86.6 93 100% 1,1

Dichloroethane 7 7.02 21 62.8 73 100% 1,2,4

Trimethylbenzene 5 8.02 19 26 27 100% 1,2

Dichloroethane 1 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 100% 1,3,5

Trimethylbenzene 4 2.46 7.5 11 11 100% Benzene 4 4.32 7.6 9.775 10 100% Benzoic Acid 2 2560 3200 3920 4000 100% Bis(

2

ethylhexyl)

Phthalate (

Dehp)

1 10 10 10 10 100% Bromomethane 2 19.98 91.1 171.11 180 100%

Chloroethane 3 16 24 25.8 26 100% Chloroform 1 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 100% Chloromethane 4 23.7 82 375 420 100% cis

1,2

dichloroethene 4 6.74 16.5 55.4 62 100% Dichlorodifluoromethane 5 3.26 19 101 120 100% Dichloromethane 7 186.8 390 2850 3600 100% Diethyl Phthalate 3 20.2 21 48.9 52 100% Ethylbenzene 5 36.8 58 92.8 100 100% Fluorotrichloromethane 3 12.72 50 113 120 100% Isopropylbenzene 2 1.85 3.25 4.825 5 100% m,

p

xylene 4 46.3 73.5 108.5 110 100% m

cresol 3 190 510 3921 4300 100% Methyl tert

butyl Ether (

mtbe)

3 16.2 33 66.3 70 100% Naphthalene 2 5.66 5.9 6.17 6.2 100% N

butylbenzene 1 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 100% N

propylbenzene 2 2.67 3.75 4.965 5.1 100% o

cresol 1 22 22 22 22 100% o

xylene 3 15.4 17 36.8 39 100% p

cresol 1 480 480 480 480 100% p

dichlorbenzene 3 3.12 5.6 5.78 5.8 100% Phenol 3 166 310 454 470 100% Phenolics 5 822 1200 2014 2200 100% p

isopropyltoluene 4 4.02 5.25 5.67 5.7 100% Styrene 4 3.63 8.75 80.7 93 100% Tetrachloroethylene 2 5.29 6.05 6.905 7 100% Toluene 7 109.6 280 464 470 100% Trichloroethene 6 4.15 8.7 27 31 100% Vinyl Chloride 3 10.08 18 18.9 19 100% Xylenes 2 83.2 104 127.4 130 100% Data Source Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources File review conducted by SAIC (

September1999) Combustion ash/

sludge 20,000 82,335 108,421 194,419 220,334 192,578 105,189 Lightweight aggregate plant waste         79 5,715 5,136 Waste Type Quantity (

tons) 1991 Exhibit 2.

Waste Data 1990 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 LANDFILL CASE 7:

WEPCO CALEDONIAASH MONOFILL 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius WEPCO Caldonia Ash Landfill  Lat:

42.8246 Long:

87.9371 Racine County,

WI. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 21,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s41382) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

WEPCO Caledonia Ash Monofill Address:

8719 Douglas Avenue Caledonia,

WI 53108 Owner:

Wisconsin Electric Power Company (

WEPCO) Ownership status:

Captive Facility contact:

Timothy Muehlfeld,

Project Manager,

414

221

2345 State license no.:

03232 Landfill type:

Industrial (

Combustion ash) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Standard Number of phases:

Eighteen (

18) Status:

Phase 8 active Liner type:

5 to 6 feet of compacted clay (

Phases 1   4,

6 and 8) Cover type:

1 to 2 feet compacted clay,

rooting zone and topsoil (

Phases 1   4 and 6) Operational period:

October 1990 to present Estimated year of closure:

2013 (

as of 1997) Waste acceptance:

Coal combustion ash and lightweight aggregate plant waste from WEPCO plants Permitted area:

45 acres Total permitted capacity:

4,050,000 yd ³ Underlying geology/

soil type:

Silty clays underlain by dolomite bedrock Special practices:

Began using leachate as dust suppressant and compression aid in September of 1993 Nature of waste:

Utility plant ash/

sludge and lightweight aggregate plant waste Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

938,206 tons (

as of January 1997) Total cumulative volume landfilled:

869,825 yd ³ (

as of January 1997) Liquid to solid ratio:

0.034 L/

kg Average annual leachate generation:

8,417,471 gallons Average annual precipitation:

29.1 inches 1 Closed October 1990 to 1993 1994 2 3 Closed November 1993 to 1996 Early 1997 4 Closed December 1994 to 1997 Mid 1998 5 Unknown 6 Closed February 1997 to 1998 Early 1999 7 Unknown 8 Active May 1999 to present N/

A 9   18 Proposed Final Cover Installed Phase Status Operational Period Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls Leachate Quality Exhibit 3.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 95th MAX %

Detect Physical/

Chemical Properties Alkalinity (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

23 102 130 529 660 100% Chloride (

mg/

l)

14 22.3 33 75.95 87 100% COD (

mg/

l)

21 0 4 35 110 52% Hardness (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

16 230 827 1388 1400 100% Nitrogen,

Ammonia (

mg/

l)

1 0.76 0.76 0.76 0.76 100% Nitrogen,

Kjeldahl (

mg/

l)

2 0.081 0.405 0.7695 0.81 50% pH (

su)

22 8.11 10.6 12.495 12.8 100% Specific Conductance (

umho/

cm)

22 1650 2965 4352.5 4360 100% Sulfate (

mg/

l)

23 414 980 2400 2400 100% TSS (

mg/

l)

22 11.2 170 4877.5 7960 95% TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Barium 2 197 225 256.5 260 100% Boron (

mg/

l)

22 6.66 16 30.85 35 100% Calcium (

mg/

l)

14 78.3 110 264.5 310 100% Chromium 2 42 130 229 240 100% Copper 2 3.5 5.5 7.75 8 100% Iron (

mg/

l)

22 0.002 2.1 18.85 26 86% Magnesium (

mg/

l)

12 0.004 3.5 22.85 30 83% Molybdenum 12 1.8 2.4 6.49 7.7 100% Potassium (

mg/

l)

12 42.6 68 93.5 110 100% Selenium 22 14 25.5 79.55 810 100% Sodium (

mg/

l)

12 184.4 310 430 430 100% Data Source Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources File review conducted by SAIC (

September 1999) LANDFILL CASE 8:

INGLES MOUNTAIN C&

D LANDFILL Pulaski Radford city 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius Ingles Mountain Debris Landfill  Lat:

37.119745 Long:

80.590338 Radford city County,

VA. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 02,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s47534) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Identification Name:

Ingles Mountain C&

D Landfill Address:

3070 First Street Radford VA 24141 Owner:

New River Resource Authority (

NRRA) Ownership status:

Commercial Facility contact:

Fred Hilliard,

540

674

1677 State agency contact:

Kate Glass,

Inspector,

540

562

6700 State permit no.:

526 State discharge permit:

RP0100 (

expired September 30,

1994) Landfill type:

Construction &

Demolition Debris (

C&

D) Permitting status:

Inactive since 1997 and preparing for full closure (

as of August 1999) Type of LCS:

French drain system in which debris and sanitary leachates are comingled Status:

Inactive (

not accepting waste) Liner type:

1 foot of compacted clay liner Cover type:

The facility has not undergone final closure but has installed a 30 mil synthetic cover Operational period:

September 1989 to May 1997 Regulatory/

permitting Permitted to accept only construction waste,

debris waste,

demolition waste, controls:

land clearing debris,

tires,

white goods,

and bulk household items Waste acceptance:

Accepts non

hazardous debris,

consisting of stumps and trees,

construction and demolition debris,

pallets not suitable for mulching,

and appliances which cannot be recycled Overall location area:

20 acres Permitted area:

4.08 acres Landfill capacity:

92,000 yd ³ Landfill dimensions:

600 x 510 feet Underlying geology/

soil type:

Intensely faulted and folded sedimentary rock Depth to aquifer:

34 feet Special practices:

Debris and sanitary leachates are comingled Nature of waste:

Household debris (

50%),

demolition debris (

20%),

miscellaneous (

30%) Average annual landfilled quantity:

6,815.2 tons Total cumulative landfilled quantity:

Approximately 67,000 tons (

over two years of capacity remaining) Liquid to solid ratio:

Approximately 0.056 L/

kg Annual quantity generated (

1993):

992,100 gallons Annual precipitation (

1993):

49.11 inches Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Leachate Quality Exhibit 1.

Leachate Composition PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 90th MAX PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS BOD 1 13000.0 13000.0 13000.0 13000.0 COD 1 305000.00 305000.00 305000.00 305000.00 TDS 1 1430000.0 1430000.0 1430000.0 1430000.0 pH 1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 Ammonia 1 850.0 850.0 850.0 850.0 Nitrate/

Nitrite 1 950.00 950.00 950.00 950.00 Total Phosphorus 1 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 Total Phenols 1 59.0 59.0 59.0 59.0 Total Sulfide 1 29000.0 29000.0 29000.0 29000.0 TRACE CONTAMINANTS Metals Arsenic 1 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 Barium 1 321.0 321.0 321.0 321.0 Boron 1 5780.0 5780.0 5780.0 5780.0 Cadmium 1 9.40 9.40 9.40 9.40 Calcium 1 194000.00 194000.00 194000.00 194000.00 Cerium 1 254.00 254.00 254.00 254.00 Chloride 1 104000.00 104000.00 104000.00 104000.00 Erbium 1 8.90 8.90 8.90 8.90 Europium 1 2.40 2.40 2.40 2.40 Fluoride 1 3300.00 3300.00 3300.00 3300.00 Gadolinium 1 19.70 19.70 19.70 19.70 Indium 1 94.20 94.20 94.20 94.20 Iridium 1 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 Iron 1 2090.00 2090.00 2090.00 2090.00 Lithium 1 15.50 15.50 15.50 15.50 Lutetium 1 4.40 4.40 4.40 4.40 Magnesium 1 67100.00 67100.00 67100.00 67100.00 Manganese 1 1280.00 1280.00 1280.00 1280.00 Mercury 1 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 Molybdenum 1 6.60 6.60 6.60 6.60 Neodymium 1 36.70 36.70 36.70 36.70 Niobium 1 304.00 304.00 304.00 304.00 Platinum 1 228.0 228.0 228.0 228.0 Rhenium 1 86.7 86.7 86.7 86.7 Scandium 1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Silicon 1 6300.0 6300.0 6300.0 6300.0 Sodium 1 134000.0 134000.0 134000.0 134000.0 Strontium 1 5380.0 5380.0 5380.0 5380.0 Terbium 1 131.0 131.0 131.0 131.0 Thulium 1 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.8 Uranium 1 73.6 73.6 73.6 73.6 Zirconium 1 16.9 16.9 16.9 16.9 Organics Pesticides Dalapon 1 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 Disulfoton 1 7.91 7.91 7.91 7.91 MCPA 1 561.00 561.00 561.00 561.00 MCPP 1 150.00 150.00 150.00 150.00 2,4,5

TP 1 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 Data source Effluent Guidelines for Landfill Point Source Category:

Ingles Mountain Sampling Event,

October 18,

1994. LANDFILL CASE 9:

LA CROSSE COUNTY MUNICIPAL LANDFILL 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius La Crosse County Landfill  Lat:

43.84 Long:

91.2137 La Crosse County,

WI. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 21,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s41692) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

La Crosse County Landfill Address:

6500 State Road 16 La Crosse,

WI 54601

1830 Owner:

La Crosse County Ownership status:

Municipal Facility contact:

Brian Tippetts,

SW Manager,

608

785

9572 State license no.:

03253 Landfill type:

Municipal SolidWaste (

MSW) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Standard Number of phases:

Six (

6) Status:

Phases 1   3 are active Liner type:

5 feet or 4 feet of compacted clay and 60 mil HDPE Operational period:

December 31,

1999 to present Waste acceptance:

Non

hazardous municipal,

commercial,

industrial,

demolition wastes and combustion ash Permitted area:

25.3 acres Total permitted capacity:

1,867,400 yd ³ (

1,471,100 yd ³ waste only) Estimated year of closure:

2020 (

estimated as of 1997) Special practices:

MSW leachate is stored with C&

D leachate Nature of waste:

Municipal,

commercial,

industrial,

demolition wastes and ash from a resource recovery facility Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

223,305 tons (

as of Jan.

1997) Total cumulative volume landfilled:

314,700 yd ³ (

as of Jan.

1997) Liquid to solid ratio:

0.13 L/

kg Average annual leachate generation:

4,540,000 gallons Average annual precipitation:

30.8 inches Phase Status Liner Operational Period EstimatedWaste Capacity (

yd ) 3 1 Active Active 5 feet of compacted clay and 60 mil HDPE geomembrane Active Constructed Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls 2 3 4 December 1991 to present 1993 to present Mid

1996 to present N/

A 5 6 Proposed Proposed 4 feet of compacted clay and 60 mil HDPE geomembrane 107,650 166,600 286,000 335,700 363,100 212,050 MSW 135 270 1991* MSW 33,119 66,238 1992 Combustion ash/

sludge 9,956 7,367 MSW 32,256 49,884 1993 Combustion ash/

sludge 9,840 7,282 MSW 37,173 55,760 1994 Combustion ash/

sludge 10,285 7,611 MSW 35,020 52,530 1995 Combustion ash/

sludge 10,151 7,613 MSW 34,960 52,440 1996 Combustion ash/

sludge 10,410 7,703 *

Operations began December 31,

1991 Year Waste Type Quantity (

tons)

Volume (

yd ) 3 Exhibit 2.

Waste Data Quantity (

gallons)

4,580,000 3,050,000 3,410,000 2,860,000 5,050,000 5,380,000 7,430,000 Year 1993 Exhibit 3.

Leachate Quantity Data 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Leachate Quality Exhibit 4.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 95th MAX %

Detect PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alkalinity (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

57 70 1468 4112 5480 100% Bod (

mg/

l)

148 2.01 118 4729.7 15467 95% COD (

mg/

l)

147 111.9 984.7 6921.4 23342 100% Hardness (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

56 419 1625 4741.3 5975 100% pH (

su)

149 6.474 7.06 7.41 7.67 100% Specific Conductance (

umho/

cm)

149 3112 11450 20000 20000 99% TDS (

mg/

l)

2 14.64 49.6 88.93 93.3 100% TSS (

mg/

l)

146 10 30.7 294.5 1362 99% TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Antimony 7 0 0 708.7 1000 29% Arsenic 37 0 10 50 110 84% Barium 6 445 630 1140 1200 100% Boron (

mg/

l)

4 0.31 0.72 1.9335 2.1 100% Cadmium 60 0 0.25 40.5 60 50% Chromium 37 0 45 246 430 57% Copper 37 0 0 84 460 32% Cyanide (

mg/

l)

31 0 0 0 0.016 3% Fluoride (

mg/

l)

37 0.54 0.88 1.728 4.58 100% Iron (

mg/

l)

48 0 3.55 103.85 257.45 85% Lead 60 0 0 230 270 25% Manganese 14 13.2 1605 20272 47500 93% Mercury 38 0 0 0.315 1.8 16% Molybdenum 5 0.004 0.02 0.0368 0.041 80% Nickel 39 0 99 862 2820 72% Nitrogen,

Ammonia (

mg/

l)

33 2.75 287 679.6 925 97% Nitrogen,

Kjeldahl (

mg/

l)

15 0.974 218 626.9 664 100% Phosphorus (

mg/

l)

25 2.264 3.12 4.448 7.5 100% Potassium (

mg/

l)

5 229.6 268 849.8 909 100% Silver 7 0 0 2.66 3.8 14% Sodium (

mg/

l)

48 64.31 989.2 3974 4832.15 100% Sulfate (

mg/

l)

100 33.47 216.5 577.55 1140 95% Sulfide (

mg/

l)

67 0 3.48 11.94 23 88% Zinc 115 54.4 141 11220 23700 95% Organics 1,1,1Trichloroethane 52 0 0 21.61 130 8% 1,1,2,2

Tetrachloroethane 44 0 0 0 22.68 2% 1,1,2

Trichloroethane 52 0 0 0 8.48 2% 1,1

Dichloroethane 52 0 0 26.26 122 33% 1,1

Dichloroethylene 44 0 0 5.3655 150.5 9% 1,2,3

Trichlorobenzene 33 0 0 2.592 96.66 6% 1,2,3

Trichloropropane 33 0 0 0 28.98 3%

1,2,4

Trichlorobenzene 36 0 0 1.42 97.78 6% 1,2,4

Trimethylbenzene 33 0 0 36.95 82.94 48% 1,2

Dichloropropane 52 0 0 0 4.22 2% 1,3,5

Trimethylbenzene 33 0 1.5 39.752 88.65 61% 1,3

Dichloropropane 33 0 0 0 14.34 3% 2,2

Dichloropropane 33 0 0 0 4.78 3% Benzene 52 0 0 4.97 5.96 33% Bromobenzene 33 0 0 16.32 32.59 39% Bromomethane 52 0 0 52.36 160 21% Butylbenzene,

N

33 0 0 11.466 95.52 18% Butylbenzene,

sec

33 0 0 4.868 39.23 18% Butylbenzene,

tert

33 0 0 4.394 47.15 21% Chloride (

mg/

l)

58 237.3 2193 11192 12566 100% Chlorobenzene 52 0 0 0.6345 3.27 6% Chloroethane 52 0 0 0 3.98 4% Chloromethane 52 0 0 13.197 48 10% cis

1,2

dichloroethene 44 0 0 2.5145 18.22 9% cis

1,3

dichloropropene 49 0 0 2.384 12 14% Dibromochloromethane 52 0 0 0 27.13 2% Dichlorodifluoromethane 43 0 0 41.04 97.4 40% Dichloromethane 47 0 0 75.53 144.7 15% Ethylbenzene 52 0 3.99 35.14 72 65% Fluorotrichloromethane 52 0 0 18.9 56 6% Hexachlorobutadiene 36 0 0 3.525 63.42 6% Isopropylbenzene 33 0 0 3.158 10.3 15% m

dichlorobenzene 54 0 0 0 36.86 2% Naphthalene 35 0 3.07 36.075 57.05 57% n

propylbenzene 33 0 0 17.214 44.73 27% o

chlorotoluene 33 0 0 0.61 2.39 9% o

dichlorobenzene 54 0 0 3.317 44.32 9% p

chlorotoluene 33 0 0 15.858 42.69 18% p

dichlorobenzene 54 0 0.645 36.577 55.03 52% Phenolics 6 41.95 319.5 629.5 696 100% p

isopropyltoluene 33 0 0 9.436 62.11 39% Styrene 33 0 0 29.58 65.09 15% Tetrachloroethylene 49 0 0 150.28 676 10% Toluene 52 0 18.13 445.6 523.5 73% trans

1,2

dichloroethene 42 0 0 0 0.35 2% trans

1,3

dichloropropene 49 0 0 4.198 17.39 8% Tribromomethane 52 0 0 0 1.4 2% Trichloroethylene (

TCE)

45 0 0 18.134 30 31% Vinyl Chloride 52 0 0 33.869 52.5 27% Xylenes 52 0 12.8 137.63 300 71% Data Source Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources File review conducted by SAIC (

September 1999) Phase Cell(

s)

Status Liner A 1   4 Closed Active Single 60 mil synthetic liner with 3 feet of clay 5 1   3 1 1 Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls B C D E 1   5 Double 60 mil synthetic liner with 3 feet of clay LANDFILL CASE 10:

SUPERIOR GREENTREE MUNICIPAL LANDFILL 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius Superior Greentree Landfill _ Lat:

41.30089 Long:

78.66528 Elk County,

PA. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 21,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s48824) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

Superior Greentree Landfill Inc. Address:

635 Toby Rd. Kersey,

PA 15846 Owner:

Browning

Ferris Industries Ownership status:

Commercial Facility contact:

Thaddeus Sorg,

Site Manager,

814

265

1744 EPA ID:

PAD987374535 NPDES ID:

PA0103446 Landfill type:

Subtitle D Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Standard double leachate collection system Number of cells:

Fifteen (

15) Status:

11 cells are active and 4 cells are closed (

as of January 1994) Liner type:

Double synthetic liner (

60 mil)

with 3 feet of clay or single synthetic liner (

60 mil)

with 3 feet of clay Operational period:

September 1986 to present Waste acceptance:

Accepts non

hazardous industrial wastes (

residual wastes),

municipal solid wastes (

MSW),

industrial wastewater treatment plant sludges,

municipal treatment plant sludges,

construction and demolition debris,

asbestos,

and incinerator ash;

No yard waste Overall location area:

1,336 acres Total permitted area:

91 acres Special practices:

Sludge is dried and placed in a rolloff container and disposed of in the Greentree Landfill.

Annual dewatered sludge landfilled:

125 tons Nature of waste:

MSW (

60%)

and residual/

industrial (

40%) Average annual landfilled quantity:

320,000 tons Total cumulative landfilled quantity:

Approximately 2,500,000 tons (

as of January 1994) Liquid to solid ratio:

0.014 L/

kg (

as of January 1994) Average annual leachate generation:

9,700,000 gallons Average annual precipitation:

43 inches Exhibit 2.

Leachate Quantity Data Year 1995 1994 1996 1997 1998 1999* Quantity (

gallons)

11,169,582 9,543,541 12,214,560 8,989,795 6,652,559 4,742,044 *

Quantity for January through March only. Leachate Quality Exhibit 3.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 90th MAX Amenable Cyanide 1 13 13.00 13 13 BOD 29 698 151000.00 916400 1680000 COD 32 1458 852000.00 223300 4470000 TDS 32 3701 2972000.00 4730400 7050000 pH (

su)

32 6.701 7.10 7.691 8 Nitrate/

Nitrite 21 0.44 1.60 300 400 Total Cyanide 7 8.4 12.00 22.4 26 Total Nitrogen 17 4240 26900.00 181840 225000 Total Phenols 31 23 310.00 1370 1600 Total Phosphorus 9 0.02 0.06 0.264 1 TOC 32 928.5 217000.00 638400 1390000 TSS 29 86.4 54000.00 179600 254000 TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Aluminum 28 89.47 204.00 570.6 1610 Antimony 15 4.9 11.50 22.7 38 Arsenic 28 10.57 18.00 43.07 51 Barium 32 630.5 1190.00 2423 3400 Berylium 2 0.21 0.25 0.29 0.3 Boron 31 1600 3590.00 8100 19500 Bromide 15 1300 8600.00 12840 19300 Cadmium 10 0.76 2.85 14.29 16 Calcium 14 182000 216500.00 477700 495000 Cerium 1 878 878.00 878 878 Chloride 32 630 533500.00 1135000 1610000 Chlorine 4 53 80.00 212 260 Chromium 30 17.92 25.45 53 70 Chromium (

VI)

11 0.015 0.03 5.5 15 Cobalt 7 7.06 13.10 60 60 Copper 15 4.4 12.10 31.2 40 Europium 1 7.58 7.58 7.58 7.58 Flourene 1 29 29.00 29 29 Fluoride 29 0.316 240.00 400 490 Gold 3 211 211.00 219 221 Holmium 1 93.8 93.80 93.8 93.8 Iron 32 15520 29750.00 176800 242000 Iron Dissolved 17 1240 3200.00 24900 193000 Lead 13 3 6.00 9.88 17 Lithium 8 109.2 125.00 147.3 162 Magnesium 32 126200 174000.00 213800 231000 Manganese 32 2732 13000.00 28310 38300 Mercury 5 0.314 0.35 0.498 0.59 Molybdenum 6 15.85 64.60 90 100 Nickel 32 91 153.50 315 400 Niobium 1 198 198.00 198 198 Phosphorus 18 41 425.00 1130 1300 Potassium 14 137200 2475000.00 3140000 3260000 Ruthenium 1 283 283.00 283 283 Scandium 1 5.73 5.73 5.73 5.73 Selenium 4 9.04 16.90 20.77 21.1 Silicon 11 464 541.00 870 6840 Silver 6 0.45 3.50 17.95 32 Sodium 14 474400 527500.00 630500 665000 Strontium 11 1280 1830.00 3330 3370 Sulfate 20 39740 147000.00 244800 310000 Sulfide 7 285 1550.00 10200 13600 Sulfite 10 2000 5350.00 53750 87500 Sulfur 11 15200 17200.00 103000 108000 Tantalum 1 121 121.00 121 121 Thallium 10 2 12.05 16.81 17.8 Tin 4 18.84 41.20 102.06 123 Titanium 8 3.5 17.25 26.88 33.6 Vanadium 11 7 10.50 160 160 Yttrium 6 3.25 3.45 5.05 6.2 Zinc 31 37.3 104.00 180 740 Organics Acenaphthene 1 8.6 8.60 8.6 8.6 Acetophenone 9 11.4054 25.68 37.5682 59.441 Aetone 16 167.5 695.00 2500 3300 Aldrin 1 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.84 Alpha BHC 1 1.4 1.40 1.4 1.4 Alpha

Terpinol 9 80.739 122.31 148.7012 168.022 Ammonia as Nitrogen 11 149 182.00 201 203 Benzene 7 4 6.00 8.42 8.9 Benzo Perylene 1 17 17.00 17 17 Benzoic Acid 11 1822.63 8181.08 15882.6173 21558.09 Benzyl Alcohol 1 20.919 20.92 20.919 20.919 Bis(

2

Ethylhexyl)

Ether 5 0.76 4.00 4.8 5 Bis(

2

Ethylhexyl)

Phthalate 3 2.48 4.40 38.48 47 Butyl benzyle phthalatte 1 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 Chlorobenzene 5 1.04 2.00 2 2 Chloroethane 3 3 7.00 51.8 63 Chrysene 1 15 15.00 15 15 Dichlorodiflouromethane 1 1 1.00 1 1 Diethyl ether 8 56.5818 63.63 143.36868 156.6446 Diethyl phthalate 10 7.27 24.00 55.7623 190 Dimethoate 1 3.5 3.50 3.5 3.5 Dimethyl Phthalate 1 10 10.00 10 10 Dimethyl sulfone 1 27.0762 27.08 27.0762 27.0762 Di

n

Butyl Phthalate 1 58 58.00 58 58 Endosulfan 1 81.5 81.50 81.5 81.5 Endosulfan Sulfate 2 0.656 3.12 5.584 6.2 Endrin 1 0.1 0.10 0.1 0.1 Ethylbenzene 19 21.8 33.00 44.2 47 Gamma BHC 4 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 Heptachlor 1 0.052 0.05 0.052 0.052 Hexane extractable material 11 7 12.00 16 18 Hexanoic acid 11 4578.86 16695.42 61054.68 69055.55 Isophorone 10 14.6606 16.77 20.81519 25.3979 m

xylene 1 31.8684 31.87 31.8684 31.8684 MCPA 2 435.3 468.50 501.7 510 MCPP 1 158 158.00 158 158 Methylene chloride 19 8 34.05 728 1800 N

Dodecane 1 15.103 15.10 15.103 15.103 N,

N

Dimethylformadine 2 71.5665 85.60 99.6265 103.134 Naphthalene 3.68 35.30 63 63 o &

p

xylene 1 15.4406 15.44 15.4406 15.4406 o

Cresol 2 41.7831 152.26 262.7439 290.364 p

Cresol 13 23.6 490.00 2320 16065 p

Cymene 1 10.138 10.14 10.138 10.138 p

Dimethylaminoazobenzene 1 38.389 38.39 38.389 38.389 Phenanthrene 1 36 36.00 36 36 Phenol 21 12.251 56.00 675.8818 850.92 Styrene 1 24.39 24.39 24.39 24.39 Tetrachloroethylene 3 1.3 2.90 13.38 16 Tetrahydrofuran 13 309 735.00 2440 3500 Toluene 27 32.7304 100.00 462 3398.9908 Trans

1,2

Dichloroethane 3 14.0856 4 14.63 15.271 15.431 Trichloroethylene 2 5.73 7.05 8.37 8.7 Tripropyleneglycol methyl ether 1 1136.44 1136.44 1136.44 1136.44 Vinyl chloride 5 1.72 10.43 12.93956 14.2326 Xylene 21 21 97.00 140 160 1

Propanol 6 603.5 2350.00 4500 5600 1,1

Dichloroethane 9 2.8 14.00 21.11446 21.5723 1,2

Dibromo

3 chloropropane 2 0.204 0.22 0.236 0.24 1,

2

Dichlorobenzene 2 0.71 0.75 0.79 0.8 1,

2

Diphenylhydrazine 1 1.7 1.70 1.7 1.7 1,

4

Dichlorobenzene 7 4.4 4.40 8.64 9 1,4

Dioxane 10 162.362 3 214.73 367.2307 385.3 2

Butanone 31 365 4000.00 17581.4 818746.5 2

Hexanone 9 62.7224 126.22 172.676 220 2

Picoline 1 107.329 107.33 107.329 107.329 2

Propanol 9 6.6 2400.00 5600 14000 2

Propanone 11 2594.37 7274.82 11367.89 83857.9408 2

Propenal 1 78.31 78.31 78.31 78.31 2,

4

D 3 1.88 2.20 4.28 4.8 2,

4

Dimethylphenol 3 13.6 28.00 32.8 34 4

Methyl

2

pentanone 27 38.1 185.00 631.0493 1000 4,

4

DDT 2 0.0214 0.03 0.0326 0.034 Data Source Effluent Guidelines for Landfill Point Source Category:

Greentree Site Visit Report,

September 28, 1994. Exhibit 3.

Leachate Quantity Data Year 1995 1994 1996 1997 1998 Volume (

gallons)

2,499,913 4,498,375 4,934,779 6,249,000 7,339,642 LANDFILL CASE 11:

MARATHON COUNTYAREA B MUNICIPAL LANDFILL 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius Marathon County Landfill  Lat:

44.89416 Long:

89.4383 Marathon County,

WI. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 28,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s48757) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Identification Name:

Marathon County Area B Landfill Address:

R18500

B Ringle Avenue Ringle,

WI 54471

9762 Owner:

Marathon County Ownership status:

Municipal Facility contact:

Jim Pellitteri,

SolidWaste Manager,

715

446

3339 State license no.:

03338 Landfill type:

Municipal SolidWaste (

MSW) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Standard Number of phases:

Three (

3) Status:

Phases 1and 2 are active Liner type:

4 feet of compacted clay,

60 mil HDPE liner,

and geotextile Estimated year of closure:

2005 Operational period:

November 1993 to present Waste acceptance:

Municipal and commercial solid waste,

sludge,

foundry wastes demolition wastes,

and paper mill ash Overall location area:

532 acres Permitted area:

Approximately 25 acres Total permitted capacity:

1,427,000 yd Underlying geology/

soil type:

Loamy soils underlain by granite bedrock Depth to aquifer:

70 feet Nature of waste:

MSW,

commercial,

sludges,

foundry,

demolition,

and ash (

from Weyerhaeuser Co.) Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

630,086 tons (

as of January 1999) Total cumulative volume landfilled:

1,031,530 yd Liquid to solid ratio:

0.042 L/

kg Average annual leachate generation:

5,104,300 gallons Average annual precipitation:

30 inches Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity 3 3 (

as of January 1999)

MSW and commercial 7,079 88,831 80,523 91,023 93,537 89,972 Sludges 11,183 17,591 19,139 19,370 20,600 18,601 Foundry sand 85 1,943 2,456 112 0 0 Demolition 139 15,164 12,616 12,505 15,694 13,029 Ash 173 3,084 3,557 3,755 3,734 3,590 Waste Type Quantity (

tons) 1994 Exhibit 2.

Waste Data 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls Phase Status Liner Operational Period Design Area (

acres) 1A 1B 2 3 Active Active Active Proposed 4 feet of compacted clay, 60 mil HDPE liner, and geotextile November 1993 to present February 1995 to present December 1996 to present 7.25 2.8 7.5 6.7   7.8 Leachate Quality Exhibit 4.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 95th MAX %

Detect PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Alkalinity (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

14 739 2050 5570 7000 100% BOD (

mg/

l)

22 72.2 475 2275 6200 100% Chloride (

mg/

l)

14 158 500 1535 1600 100% COD (

mg/

l)

14 437 1100 11700 13000 100% Hardness (

mg/

l as CaCO3)

14 334 1250 3810 4200 100% Nitrogen,

Ammonia (

mg/

l)

12 51.1 89 241 340 100% Nitrogen,

Kjeldahl (

mg/

l)

1 110 110 110 110 100% pH (

su)

22 6.4 6.64 7.195 7.3 100% Specific Conductance (

umho/

cm)

22 699 3500 7600 7700 100% Sulfate (

mg/

l)

14 64.6 110 1730 4200 100% TSS (

mg/

l)

22 19.2 185 19550 35000 100% TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Antimony 3 0 0 21.6 24 33% Arsenic 3 8.6 43 184.3 200 67% Barium 3 752 2000 5690 6100 100% Beryllium 3 10 14 50.9 55 100% Boron (

mg/

l)

12 0.246 2.05 4.2 4.2 92% Cadmium 14 0 0 106.35 120 43% Chromium 3 23 71 214.1 230 100% Cobalt 3 36 180 396 420 67% Copper 3 15.2 24 434.4 480 100% Fluoride (

mg/

l)

3 0.0596 0.17 0.863 0.94 100% Iron (

mg/

l)

14 9.11 69.5 645.5 730 100% Lead 14 0 0 289 510 29% Manganese 14 1358 5250 38350 39000 93% Mercury 14 0 0 1.985 2.7 29% Nickel 3 8 40 292 320 67% Phosphorus (

mg/

l)

11 0.56 2 35.5 58 100% Selenium 14 0 0 42.01 110 14% Sodium (

mg/

l)

14 82.2 355 628 680 100% Thallium 3 168 840 1344 1400 67% Vanadium 3 202 690 1599 1700 100% Zinc 3 42 110 1181 1300 100% Organics 1,1,1

Trichloroethane 14 0 0 27.5 34 29% 1,1

Dichloroethane 14 0.84 13 54.75 71 86% 1,2,4

Trimethylbenzene 4 1.53 5.3 8.645 9.2 75% 1,2

Dichloroethane 14 0 0 0.168 0.48 7% 1,3,5

Trimethylbenzene 4 0 0 3.06 3.6 25% 2

Hexanone 12 0 1.5 639 1200 50% 4

Methyl

2

pentanone(

MIBK)

12 7.83 70 252 340 100%

Acetone 12 142 760 6050 11000 100% Benzene 14 0 3.2 5.35 6 64% Benzoic Acid 3 0 0 1800 2000 33% Bis(

2

ethylhexyl)

Phthalate (

DEHP)

5 0 0 39 45 40% Bromochloromethane 14 0 0 0.168 0.48 7% Carbon Disulfide 12 0 0 15.345 22 33% Chlorobenzene 14 0 0 1.085 3.1 7% Chloroethane 14 0 0 11.405 22 14% Chloroform 14 0 0 2.08 2.6 21% cis

1,2

dichloroethene 14 0 0.5 25 38 50% Dichlorodifluoromethane 11 0 0 3.3 4.8 18% Dichloromethane 14 0 14.5 178 230 79% Diethyl Phthalate 5 0 0 82.6 100 40% Di

n

butyl Phthalate 5 0 0 31.2 39 20% Ethylbenzene 14 4.7 24 46.25 56 100% Fluorotrichloromethane 14 0 0 1.745 2.2 14% Isophorone 5 0 0 43.2 54 20% Isopropylbenzene 4 0 0 3.145 3.7 25% m,

p

xylene 14 14.45 71.5 150 150 100% m

cresol (

3

methylphenol)

3 852 2100 2460 2500 100% Methyl Ethyl Ketone (

MEK)

12 88.6 825 9290 16000 100% Methyl Tert

butyl Ether (

MTBE)

10 0 0 1.334 2 20% n

propylbenzene 4 0 0 1.445 1.7 25% o

cresol (

2

methylphenol)

5 0 0 23.6 26 40% o

xylene 14 4.77 25 44.7 46 100% p

chloro

m

cresol 5 0 0 113.9 140 40% p

cresol 2 206.1 914.5 1711.45 1800 100% p

dichlorobenzene 14 0 0 5.29 6.2 36% Phenol 5 20.8 130 918 1100 80% Phenolics 1 1800 1800 1800 1800 100% p

isopropyltoluene 4 6.18 9.7 24.45 27 100% Tetrachloroethylene 14 0 0 3.99 4.9 29% Tetrahydrofuran 12 275 625 923 1000 100% Toluene 14 50.2 345 1012.5 1500 100% Trichloroethylene (

TCE)

14 0 0 8.66 9.7 36% Vinyl Chloride 14 0 0 8.465 11 21% Data Source Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources File review conducted by SAIC (

September 1999) LANDFILL CASE 12:

MEAD PAPER MILL MONOFILL Chillicothe 2Mile Radius 1Mile Radius Mead Paper Mill Monofill  Lat:

39.32908 Long:

82.98049 Ross County,

OH. This computer representation has been compiled by the U.

S. Environmental Protection Agency (

EPA)

fromsources which have supplied data or information that has not been verified by the the EPA.

This data is offered here as a general representation only,

and is not to be used for commercial purposes without verification by an independant professional qualified to verify such data or information.

The EPA does not guarantee the accuracy,

completeness,

or timeliness of the information shown, and shall not be liable for any loss or injury resulting from reliance upon the information shown. Albers Projection LEGEND Basin Boundary USGS Catalog Unit County Boundary 1990 Population Density Per Sq Mi Under 10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3,000

6,000 6,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 Over 20,000 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Miles Produced September 28,

1999 BySITEPLUS (

Req s53127) U.

S.

Environmental Protection Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

Mead Paper Monofill Address:

401 South Paint Street Chillicothe,

OH 45601 Owner:

Mead Paper Ownership status:

Captive Facility contact:

Elden Fink,

Environmental Manager, 740

772

3111 ext.

3475 State agency contact:

Steve Ryan,

Ohio EPA (

Southeast District Office) 740

385

8501 EPA ID:

OHD043730209 NPDES ID:

OH0104507 Landfill type:

Industrial (

Pulp and paper sludge) Permitting status:

Closed (

February 1993) Type of LCS:

Leachate is collected in two gravity flow sumps and stored Number of cells:

One (

1) Status:

Closed Final cover type:

Geonet and 20 mil PVC overlain by 18 inches of soil and 6 inches of top soil Operational period:

1974 to 1990 (

16 years) Waste acceptance:

Accepted pulp sludge (

mixture of clay,

lime,

and cellulose),

fly ash and bark from Mead's Chillicothe mill Special practices:

During LF's operation,

leachate used in spray fields at the landfill; in 1990,

leachate was collected and treated,

leachate was sprayed back onto the landfill during heavy rains;

in 1993,

leachate spraying ceased

completely Nature of waste:

Pulp sludge thickened with bark and fly ash Average annual quantity landfilled:

300,000 wet tons of sludge Total cumulative quantity landfilled:

Approximately 4,200,000 tons Liquid to solid ratio:

Approximately 0.006 L/

kg Average annual leachate generation:

Approximately 8,200,000 gallons Average annual precipitation:

38.4 inches Leachate Quality Exhibit 1.

Leachate Composition Data PARAMETER Concentration (

ug/

l) OBS 10th 50th 90th MAX PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES BOD 1 120 120 120 120 COD 1 1420 1420 1420 1420 TDS 1 5790 5790 5790 5790 pH 1 7 7 7 7 Nitrate/

Nitrite 1 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 Total Phenols 1 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.52 Total Phosphorus 1 4.53 4.53 4.53 4.53 Total Recoverable Oil &

Grease 1 9.47 9.47 9.47 9.47 Total Sulfide (

Iodometric)

1 25.8 25.8 25.8 25.8 TOC 1 500 500 500 500 TSS 1 104 104 104 104 TRACE ELEMENTS Metals Aluminum 1 405 405 405 405 Arsenic 1 53.8 53.8 53.8 53.8 Barium 1 2050 2050 2050 2050 Bismuth 1 127 127 127 127 Boron 1 736 736 736 736 Calcium 1 599000 599000 599000 599000 Chloride 1 952 952 952 952 Chromium +

6 1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Cobalt 1 27.9 27.9 27.9 27.9 Fluoride 1 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Iron 1 13800 13800 13800 13800 Lithium 1 754 754 754 754 Magnesium 1 388000 388000 388000 388000 Manganese 1 7090 7090 7090 7090 Nickel 1 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 Phosphorus 1 4670 4670 4670 4670 Potassium 1 386000 386000 386000 386000 Silicon 1 13100 13100 13100 13100 Sodium 1 495000 495000 495000 495000 Strontium 1 3850 3850 3850 3850 Sulfur 1 19200 19200 19200 19200 Titanium 1 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 Zinc 1 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.3 Organics Ammonia as Nitrogen 1 53.2 53.2 53.2 53.2 Dicamba 1 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 Dichlorprop 1 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 Dinoseb 1 4.88 4.88 4.88 4.88 MCPA 1 551 551 551 551 p

Cymene 1 35.3 35.3 35.3 35.3 Picloram 1 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 Toluene 1 12.992 12.992 12.992 12.992 2

Propanone 1 167.781 167.781 167.781 167.781 2,4

D 1 3.15 3.15 3.15 3.15 2,4

DB 1 9.48 9.48 9.48 9.48 2,4,5

T 1 1.64 1.64 1.64 1.64 2,4,5

TP 1 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 Data source Effluent Guidelines for Landfill Point Source Category:

Mead Pre Sampling Event,

February 4,

1994. LANDFILL CASE 13:

MORMON HOLLOW ROAD C&

D LANDFILL 2

Mile

Radius 1

Mile

Radius Mormon

Hollow

Road

Demolition

Landfill Lat:

42.5668

Long:

72.4091 Franklin

County,

MA. This

computer

representation

has

been

compiled

by

the

U.

S. Environmental

Protection

Agency

(

EPA)

from

sources

which

have supplied

data

or

information

that

has

not

been

verified

by

the the

EPA.

This

data

is

offered

here

as

a

general

representation only,

and

is

not

to

be

used

for

commercial

purposes

without verification

by

an

independant

professional

qualified

to

verify such

data

or

information.

The

EPA

does

not

guarantee

the accuracy,

completeness,

or

timeliness

of

the

information

shown, and

shall

not

be

liable

for

any

loss

or

injury

resulting

from reliance

upon

the

information

shown. Albers

Projection LEGEND Basin

Boundary USGS

Catalog

Unit County

Boundary 1990

Population

Density

Per

Sq

Mi Under

10 10

100 100

1,000 1,000

3,000 3  ,000

6,000 6  ,000

10,000 10,000

20,000 O  ver

20,000 0  0  .1 0  .2 0  .3 0  .4 0  .5 0  .6 0  .7 0  .8 0  .9 1 Miles Produced

September

28,

1999 By

SITEPLUS

(

Req

s52593) U.

S.

Environmental

Protection

Agency Identification Landfill Construction and Controls LandfilledWaste Leachate Quantity Name:

Mormon Hollow Road Demolition Landfill Address:

Mormon Hollow Road P.

O.

Box 202 Wendell,

MA01379 Owner:

DB Enterprises,

Inc. Ownership status:

Commercial Facility contact:

Dean Bennett,

President,

978

544

8006 Don Adams,

Delta Engineers,

607

724

1367 ext.

20 State agency contact:

Mark Haley,

MA DEP,

413

755

2253 State permit no.:

DL0319003 Landfill type:

Construction and Demolition Debris (

C&

D) Permitting status:

Active Type of LCS:

Primary (

top liner)

and secondary (

bottom liner)

LCS Number of cells:

Five (

5) Status:

Active Liner type:

Double

lined with two layers of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (

hypalon)

with 18 inches of gravel between each layer Operational period:

June 1990 to present Regulatory permitting controls:

Permitted to accept non

hazardous construction and demolition debris Waste acceptance:

Does not accept glass,

metal containers,

plastic buckets,

yard waste, leaves,

lead

acid batteries,

white goods,

whole tires,

clean unpainted wood Overall location area:

20 acres Permitted area:

8 acres Landfill dimensions:

130 feet (

deep),

720 feet (

long),

500 feet (

wide) Permitted capacity:

99 tons (

268 yd ³ )

per day Underlying geology/

soil type:

Bedrock overlain by 6 feet of compacted clay Nature of waste:

C&

D debris (

consisting of waste building materials)

and limited quantities of state regulated non

hazardous waste (

i.

e.

soils contaminated with virgin petroleum products) Quantity landfilled (

1993):

36,400 tons Cumulative landfilled quantity:

129,255 tons (

as of March 1999) Cumulative landfilled volume:

350,259 yd ³ (

as of March 1999) Liquid to solid ratio:

0.013 L/

kg Average annual quantity generated:

Approximately 450,000 gallons Average annual precipitation:

44.4 inches Cell(

s)

Status 1 Closed (

full) 2 3 4 Exhibit 1.

Landfill Construction and Controls 5 Closed (

full) Closed (

full) Closed (

full) Subsection 5a   Active Subsection 5b   not prepared to receive waste Subsection 5c   not prepared to receive waste Cover Final cover of hypalon underlying 18 inches silty sand and clay Intermediate cover of 12 inches of soil Intermediate cover of 12 inches of soil Intermediate cover of 12 inches of soil N/

A N/

A N/

A Leachate Quality Exhibit 2.

Leachate Composition Data Concentration (

ug/

l) PARAMETER OBS 10th 50th 90th MAX PHYSICAL/

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES BOD 1 67 67 67 67 COD 1 489 489 489 489 TDS 1 2720 2720 2720 2720 Solids 20 1300000 3700000 5120000 5400000 pH (

SU)

21 6.2 6.9 7.4 7.68 Nitrate/

Nitrite 1 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 Nitrate 17 116.8 1800 7560 9900 Nitrite 8 12.8 19 325.6 936 Total Cyanide 1 13.9 13.9 13.9 13.9 Total Phenols 1 89 89 89 89 Total Sulfide (

Iodometric)