to that term in section 365 of the Higher Education Act of 1965
        (20 U.S.C. 1067k);
            (3) the term ``part B institution'' has the meaning given to
        that term in section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20
        U.S.C. 1061); and
            (4) the term ``photovoltaic devices'' means devices that
        convert light directly into electricity through a solid-state,
        semiconductor process.

    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated such sums as are necessary for carrying out the activities
under this section for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2020.

[[Page 119 STAT. 855]]

SEC. 813. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16162.>> TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER.

    In carrying out this title, the Secretary shall carry out programs
that--
            (1) provide for the transfer of critical hydrogen and fuel
        cell technologies to the private sector;
            (2) accelerate wider application of those technologies in
        the global market;
            (3) foster the exchange of generic, nonproprietary
        information; and
            (4) assess technical and commercial viability of
        technologies relating to the production, distribution, storage,
        and use of hydrogen energy and fuel cells.

SEC. 814. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16163.>> MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.

    (a) Representation.--The Secretary may represent the United States
interests with respect to activities and programs under this title, in
coordination with the Department of Transportation, the National
Institute of Standards and Technology, and other relevant Federal
agencies, before governments and nongovernmental organizations
including--
            (1) other Federal, State, regional, and local governments
        and their representatives;
            (2) industry and its representatives, including members of
        the energy and transportation industries; and
            (3) in consultation with the Department of State, foreign
        governments and their representatives including international
        organizations.

    (b) Regulatory Authority.--Nothing in this title shall be construed
to alter the regulatory authority of the Department.

SEC. 815. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16164.>> COST SHARING.

    The costs of carrying out projects and activities under this title
shall be shared in accordance with section 988.

SEC. 816. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16165.>> SAVINGS CLAUSE.

    Nothing in this title shall be construed to affect the authority of
the Secretary of Transportation that may exist prior to the date of
enactment of this Act with respect to--
            (1) research into, and regulation of, hydrogen-powered
        vehicles fuel systems integrity, standards, and safety under
        subtitle VI of title 49, United States Code;
            (2) regulation of hazardous materials transportation under
        chapter 51 of title 49, United States Code;
            (3) regulation of pipeline safety under chapter 601 of title
        49, United States Code;
            (4) encouragement and promotion of research, development,
        and deployment activities relating to advanced vehicle
        technologies under section 5506 of title 49, United States Code;
            (5) regulation of motor vehicle safety under chapter 301 of
        title 49, United States Code;
            (6) automobile fuel economy under chapter 329 of title 49,
        United States Code; or
            (7) representation of the interests of the United States
        with respect to the activities and programs under the authority
        of title 49, United States Code.

[[Page 119 STAT. 856]]

TITLE IX--RESEARCH <<NOTE: Energy Research, Development, Demonstration,
and Commercial Application Act of 2005.>> AND DEVELOPMENT

SEC. 901. <<NOTE: 42 USC 15801 note.>> SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Energy Research, Development,
Demonstration, and Commercial Application Act of 2005''.

SEC. 902. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16181.>> GOALS.

    (a) In General.--In order to achieve the purposes of this title, the
Secretary shall conduct a balanced set of programs of energy research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application with the general
goals of--
            (1) increasing the efficiency of all energy intensive
        sectors through conservation and improved technologies;
            (2) promoting diversity of energy supply;
            (3) decreasing the dependence of the United States on
        foreign energy supplies;
            (4) improving the energy security of the United States; and
            (5) decreasing the environmental impact of energy-related
        activities.

    (b) Goals.--The <<NOTE: Publication.>> Secretary shall publish
measurable cost and performance-based goals, comparable over time, with
each annual budget submission in at least the following areas:
            (1) Energy efficiency for buildings, energy-consuming
        industries, and vehicles.
            (2) Electric energy generation (including distributed
        generation), transmission, and storage.
            (3) Renewable energy technologies, including wind power,
        photovoltaics, solar thermal systems, geothermal energy,
        hydrogen-fueled systems, biomass-based systems, biofuels, and
        hydropower.
            (4) Fossil energy, including power generation, onshore and
        offshore oil and gas resource recovery, and transportation
        fuels.
            (5) Nuclear energy, including programs for existing and
        advanced reactors, and education of future specialists.

    (c) Public Comment.--The Secretary shall provide mechanisms for
input on the annually published goals from industry, institutions of
higher education, and other public sources.
    (d) Effect of Goals.--Nothing in subsection (a) or the annually
published goals creates any new authority for any Federal agency, or may
be used by any Federal agency, to support the establishment of
regulatory standards or regulatory requirements.

SEC. 903. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16182.>> DEFINITIONS.

    In this title:
            (1) Departmental mission.--The term ``departmental mission''
        means any of the functions vested in the Secretary by the
        Department of Energy Organization Act (42 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.)
        or other law.
            (2) Hispanic-serving institution.--The term ``Hispanic-
        serving institution'' has the meaning given the term in section
        502(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a(a)).
            (3) Nonmilitary energy laboratory.--The term ``nonmilitary
        energy laboratory'' means a National Laboratory other

[[Page 119 STAT. 857]]

        than a National Laboratory listed in subparagraph (G), (H), or
        (N) of section 2(3).
            (4) Part b institution.--The term ``part B institution'' has
        the meaning given the term in section 322 of the Higher
        Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1061).
            (5) Single-purpose research facility.--The term ``single-
        purpose research facility'' means--
                    (A) any of the primarily single-purpose entities
                owned by the Department; or
                    (B) any other organization of the Department
                designated by the Secretary.
            (6) University.--The term ``university'' has the meaning
        given the term ``institution of higher education'' in section
        101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001).

                      Subtitle A--Energy Efficiency

SEC. 911. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16191.>> ENERGY EFFICIENCY.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Objectives.--The Secretary shall conduct programs of
        energy efficiency research, development, demonstration, and
        commercial application, including activities described in this
        subtitle. Such programs shall take into consideration the
        following objectives:
                    (A) Increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles,
                buildings, and industrial processes.
                    (B) Reducing the demand of the United States for
                energy, especially energy from foreign sources.
                    (C) Reducing the cost of energy and making the
                economy more efficient and competitive.
                    (D) Improving the energy security of the United
                States.
                    (E) Reducing the environmental impact of energy-
                related activities.
            (2) Programs.--Programs under this subtitle shall include
        research, development, demonstration, and commercial application
        of--
                    (A) advanced, cost-effective technologies to improve
                the energy efficiency and environmental performance of
                vehicles, including--
                          (i) hybrid and electric propulsion systems;
                          (ii) plug-in hybrid systems;
                          (iii) advanced combustion engines;
                          (iv) weight and drag reduction technologies;
                          (v) whole-vehicle design optimization; and
                          (vi) advanced drive trains;
                    (B) cost-effective technologies, for new
                construction and retrofit, to improve the energy
                efficiency and environmental performance of buildings,
                using a whole-buildings approach, including onsite
                renewable energy generation;
                    (C) advanced technologies to improve the energy
                efficiency, environmental performance, and process
                efficiency of energy-intensive and waste-intensive
                industries; and
                    (D) advanced control devices to improve the energy
                efficiency of electric motors, including those used in
                industrial processes, heating, ventilation, and cooling.

[[Page 119 STAT. 858]]

    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out energy efficiency and
conservation research, development, demonstration, and commercial
application activities, including activities authorized under this
subtitle--
            (1) $783,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $865,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (3) $952,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

    (c) Allocations.--From amounts authorized under subsection (b), the
following sums are authorized:
            (1) For activities under section 912, $50,000,000 for each
        of fiscal years 2007 through 2009.
            (2) For activities under section 915, $7,000,000 for each of
        fiscal years 2007 through 2009.
            (3) For activities under subsection (a)(2)(A)--
                    (A) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
                    (B) $270,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
                    (C) $310,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
            (4) For activities under subsection (a)(2)(D), $2,000,000
        for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008.

    (d) Extended Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated
to the Secretary to carry out section 912 $50,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2010 through 2013.
    (e) Limitations.--None of the funds authorized to be appropriated
under this section may be used for--
            (1) the issuance or implementation of energy efficiency
        regulations;
            (2) the weatherization program established under part A of
        title IV of the Energy Conservation and Production Act (42
        U.S.C. 6861 et seq.);
            (3) a State energy conservation plan established under part
        D of title III of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42
        U.S.C. 6321 et seq.); or
            (4) a Federal energy management measure carried out under
        part 3 of title V of the National Energy Conservation Policy Act
        (42 U.S.C. 8251 et seq.).

SEC. 912. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16192.>> NEXT GENERATION LIGHTING INITIATIVE.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Advanced solid-state lighting.--The term ``advanced
        solid-state lighting'' means a semiconducting device package and
        delivery system that produces white light using externally
        applied voltage.
            (2) Industry alliance.--The term ``Industry Alliance'' means
        an entity selected by the Secretary under subsection (d).
            (3) Initiative.--The term ``Initiative'' means the Next
        Generation Lighting Initiative carried out under this section.
            (4) Research.--The term ``research'' includes research on
        the technologies, materials, and manufacturing processes
        required for white light emitting diodes.
            (5) White light emitting diode.--The term ``white light
        emitting diode'' means a semiconducting package, using either
        organic or inorganic materials, that produces white light using
        externally applied voltage.

    (b) Initiative.--The Secretary shall carry out a Next Generation
Lighting Initiative in accordance with this section to support

[[Page 119 STAT. 859]]

research, development, demonstration, and commercial application
activities related to advanced solid-state lighting technologies based
on white light emitting diodes.
    (c) Objectives.--The objectives of the Initiative shall be to
develop advanced solid-state organic and inorganic lighting technologies
based on white light emitting diodes that, compared to incandescent and
fluorescent lighting technologies, are longer lasting, are more energy-
efficient and cost-competitive, and have less environmental impact.
    (d) Industry Alliance.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 90 days
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
competitively select an Industry Alliance to represent participants who
are private, for-profit firms, open to large and small businesses, that,
as a group, are broadly representative of United States solid-state
lighting research, development, infrastructure, and manufacturing
expertise as a whole.

    (e) Research.--
            (1) Grants.--The Secretary shall carry out the research
        activities of the Initiative through competitively awarded
        grants to--
                    (A) researchers, including Industry Alliance
                participants;
                    (B) small businesses;
                    (C) National Laboratories; and
                    (D) institutions of higher education.
            (2) Industry alliance.--The Secretary shall annually solicit
        from the Industry Alliance--
                    (A) comments to identify solid-state lighting
                technology needs;
                    (B) an assessment of the progress of the research
                activities of the Initiative; and
                    (C) assistance in annually updating solid-state
                lighting technology roadmaps.
            (3) Availability to public.--The information and roadmaps
        under paragraph (2) shall be available to the public.

    (f) Development, <<NOTE: Grants.>> Demonstration, and Commercial
Application.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a
        development, demonstration, and commercial application program
        for the Initiative through competitively selected awards.
            (2) Preference.--In making the awards, the Secretary may
        give preference to participants in the Industry Alliance.

    (g) Cost Sharing.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall
require cost sharing in accordance with section 988.
    (h) Intellectual Property.--The Secretary may require (in accordance
with section 202(a)(ii) of title 35, United States Code, section 152 of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2182), and section 9 of the
Federal Nonnuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974 (42
U.S.C. 5908)) that for any new invention developed under subsection
(e)--
            (1) that the Industry Alliance participants who are active
        participants in research, development, and demonstration
        activities related to the advanced solid-state lighting
        technologies that are covered by this section shall be granted
        the first option to negotiate with the invention owner, at least
        in the field of solid-state lighting, nonexclusive licenses and
        royalties on terms that are reasonable under the circumstances;

[[Page 119 STAT. 860]]

            (2)(A) that, for 1 year after a United States patent is
        issued for the invention, the patent holder shall not negotiate
        any license or royalty with any entity that is not a participant
        in the Industry Alliance described in paragraph (1); and
            (B) that, during the year described in subparagraph (A), the
        patent holder shall negotiate nonexclusive licenses and
        royalties in good faith with any interested participant in the
        Industry Alliance described in paragraph (1); and
            (3) such other terms as the Secretary determines are
        required to promote accelerated commercialization of inventions
        made under the Initiative.

    (i) National Academy Review.--The Secretary shall enter into an
arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct periodic
reviews of the Initiative.

SEC. 913. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16193.>> NATIONAL BUILDING PERFORMANCE
            INITIATIVE.

    (a) Interagency Group.--
            (1) In general.--
        Not <<NOTE: Deadline. Establishment.>> later than 90 days after
        the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of
        Science and Technology Policy shall establish an interagency
        group to develop, in coordination with the advisory committee
        established under subsection (e), a National Building
        Performance Initiative (referred to in this section as the
        ``Initiative'').
            (2) Cochairs.--The interagency group shall be co-chaired by
        appropriate officials of the Department and the Department of
        Commerce, who shall jointly arrange for the provision of
        necessary administrative support to the group.

    (b) Integration of Efforts.--The Initiative shall integrate Federal,
State, and voluntary private sector efforts to reduce the costs of
construction, operation, maintenance, and renovation of commercial,
industrial, institutional, and residential buildings.
    (c) Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 1 year
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the interagency group
        shall submit to Congress a plan for carrying out the appropriate
        Federal role in the Initiative.
            (2) Inclusions.--The plan shall include--
                    (A) research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application of energy technology systems and
                materials for new construction and retrofit relating to
                the building envelope and building system components;
                    (B) research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application of energy technology and
                infrastructure enabling the energy efficient, automated
                operation of buildings and building equipment; and
                    (C) the collection, analysis, and dissemination of
                research results and other pertinent information on
                enhancing building performance to industry, government
                entities, and the public.

    (d) Department of Energy Role.--Within the Federal portion of the
Initiative, the Department shall be the lead agency for all aspects of
building performance related to use and conservation of energy.
    (e) Advisory Committee.--The <<NOTE: Establishment.>> Director of
the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall establish an advisory
committee to--
            (1) analyze and provide recommendations on potential private
        sector roles and participation in the Initiative; and

[[Page 119 STAT. 861]]

            (2) review and provide recommendations on the plan described
        in subsection (c).

    (f) Administration.--Nothing in this section provides any Federal
agency with new authority to regulate building performance.

SEC. 914. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16194.>> BUILDING STANDARDS.

    (a) Definition of High Performance Building.--In this section, the
term ``high performance building'' means a building that integrates and
optimizes all major high-performance building attributes, including
energy efficiency, durability, life-cycle performance, and occupant
productivity.
    (b) Assessment.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline. Contracts.>> later than 120
days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall enter
into an agreement with the National Institute of Building Sciences to--
            (1) conduct an assessment (in cooperation with industry,
        standards development organizations, and other entities, as
        appropriate) of whether the current voluntary consensus
        standards and rating systems for high performance buildings are
        consistent with the current technological state of the art,
        including relevant results from the research, development and
        demonstration activities of the Department;
            (2) determine if additional research is required, based on
        the findings of the assessment; and
            (3) recommend steps for the Secretary to accelerate the
        development of voluntary consensus-based standards for high
        performance buildings that are based on the findings of the
        assessment.

    (c) Grant and Technical Assistance Program.--Consistent with
subsection (b) and section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and
Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note), the Secretary shall
establish a grant and technical assistance program to support the
development of voluntary consensus-based standards for high performance
buildings.

SEC. 915. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16195.>> SECONDARY ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY USE
            PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Battery.--The term ``battery'' means an energy storage
        device that previously has been used to provide motive power in
        a vehicle powered in whole or in part by electricity.
            (2) Associated equipment.--The term ``associated equipment''
        means equipment located where the batteries will be used that is
        necessary to enable the use of the energy stored in the
        batteries.

    (b) Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish and conduct a
        program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial
        application of energy technology for the secondary use of
        batteries, if the Secretary finds that there are sufficient
        numbers of batteries to support the program.
            (2) Administration.--The program shall be--
                    (A) designed to demonstrate the use of batteries in
                secondary applications, including utility and commercial
                power storage and power quality;
                    (B) structured to evaluate the performance,
                including useful service life and costs, of such
                batteries in field operations, and the necessary
                supporting infrastructure, including reuse and disposal
                of batteries; and

[[Page 119 STAT. 862]]

                    (C) coordinated with ongoing secondary battery use
                programs at the National Laboratories and in industry.

    (c) Solicitation.--
            (1) In general.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 180 days
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
        solicit proposals to demonstrate the secondary use of batteries
        and associated equipment and supporting infrastructure in
        geographic locations throughout the United States.
            (2) Additional solicitations.--The Secretary may make
        additional solicitations for proposals if the Secretary
        determines that the solicitations are necessary to carry out
        this section.

    (d) Selection of Proposals.--
            (1) In general.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 90 days
        after the closing date established by the Secretary for receipt
        of proposals under subsection (c), the Secretary shall select up
        to five proposals that may receive financial assistance under
        this section once the Department receives appropriated funds to
        carry out this section.
            (2) Factors.--In selecting proposals, the Secretary shall
        consider--
                    (A) the diversity of battery type;
                    (B) geographic and climatic diversity; and
                    (C) life-cycle environmental effects of the
                approaches.
            (3) Limitation.--No one project selected under this section
        shall receive more than 25 percent of the funds made available
        to carry out the program under this section.
            (4) Non-federal involvement.--In selecting proposals, the
        Secretary shall consider the extent of involvement of State or
        local government and other persons in each demonstration project
        to optimize use of Federal resources.
            (5) Other criteria.--In selecting proposals, the Secretary
        may consider such other criteria as the Secretary considers
        appropriate.

    (e) Conditions.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall
require that--
            (1) relevant information be provided to--
                    (A) the Department;
                    (B) the users of the batteries;
                    (C) the proposers of a project under this section;
                and
                    (D) the battery manufacturers; and
            (2) the costs of carrying out projects and activities under
        this section are shared in accordance with section 988.

SEC. 916. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16196.>> ENERGY EFFICIENCY SCIENCE INITIATIVE.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall establish an Energy
Efficiency Science Initiative to be managed by the Assistant Secretary
in the Department with responsibility for energy conservation under
section 203(a)(9) of the Department of Energy Organization Act (42
U.S.C. 7133(a)(9)), in consultation with the Director of the Office of
Science, for grants to be competitively awarded and subject to peer
review for research relating to energy efficiency.
    (b) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to Congress, along with the
annual budget request of the President submitted to Congress, a report
on the activities of the Energy Efficiency Science Initiative, including
a description of the process used to award the funds and an explanation
of how the research relates to energy efficiency.

[[Page 119 STAT. 863]]

SEC. 917. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16197.>> ADVANCED ENERGY EFFICIENCY TECHNOLOGY
            TRANSFER CENTERS.

    (a) Grants.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline. Establishment.>> later than 18
months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall make
grants to nonprofit institutions, State and local governments, or
universities (or consortia thereof), to establish a geographically
dispersed network of Advanced Energy Efficiency Technology Transfer
Centers, to be located in areas the Secretary determines have the
greatest need of the services of such Centers. In establishing the
network, the Secretary shall consider the special needs and
opportunities for increased energy efficiency for manufactured and site-
built housing.

    (b) Activities.--
            (1) In general.--Each Center shall operate a program to
        encourage demonstration and commercial application of advanced
        energy methods and technologies through education and outreach
        to building and industrial professionals, and to other
        individuals and organizations with an interest in efficient
        energy use.
            (2) Advisory panel.--Each <<NOTE: Establishment.>> Center
        shall establish an advisory panel to advise the Center on how
        best to accomplish the activities under paragraph (1).

    (c) Application.--A person seeking a grant under this section shall
submit to the Secretary an application in such form and containing such
information as the Secretary may require. The Secretary may award a
grant under this section to an entity already in existence if the entity
is otherwise eligible under this section.
    (d) Selection Criteria.--The Secretary shall award grants under this
section on the basis of the following criteria, at a minimum:
            (1) The ability of the applicant to carry out the activities
        described in subsection (b)(1).
            (2) The extent to which the applicant will coordinate the
        activities of the Center with other entities, such as State and
        local governments, utilities, and educational and research
        institutions.

    (e) Cost-Sharing.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall
require cost-sharing in accordance with the requirements of section 988
for commercial application activities.
    (f) Advisory Committee.--The <<NOTE: Establishment.>> Secretary
shall establish an advisory committee to advise the Secretary on the
establishment of Centers under this section. The advisory committee
shall be composed of individuals with expertise in the area of advanced
energy methods and technologies, including at least one representative
from--
            (1) State or local energy offices;
            (2) energy professionals;
            (3) trade or professional associations;
            (4) architects, engineers, or construction professionals;
            (5) manufacturers;
            (6) the research community; and
            (7) nonprofit energy or environmental organizations.

    (g) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
            (1) Advanced energy methods and technologies.--The term
        ``advanced energy methods and technologies'' means all methods
        and technologies that promote energy efficiency and
        conservation, including distributed generation technologies, and
        life-cycle analysis of energy use.

[[Page 119 STAT. 864]]

            (2) Center.--The term ``Center'' means an Advanced Energy
        Technology Transfer Center established pursuant to this section.
            (3) Distributed generation.--The term ``distributed
        generation'' means an electric power generation facility that is
        designed to serve retail electric consumers at or near the
        facility site.

    (h) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts
otherwise authorized to be appropriated in section 911, there are
authorized to be appropriated for the program under this section such
sums as may be appropriated.

       Subtitle B--Distributed Energy and Electric Energy Systems

SEC. 921. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16211.>> DISTRIBUTED ENERGY AND ELECTRIC ENERGY
            SYSTEMS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out programs of research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application on distributed
energy resources and systems reliability and efficiency, to improve the
reliability and efficiency of distributed energy resources and systems,
integrating advanced energy technologies with grid connectivity,
including activities described in this subtitle. The programs shall
address advanced energy technologies and systems and advanced grid
reliability technologies.
    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) Distributed energy and electric energy systems
        activities.--There are authorized to be appropriated to the
        Secretary to carry out distributed energy and electric energy
        systems activities, including activities authorized under this
        subtitle--
                    (A) $240,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
                    (B) $255,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
                    (C) $273,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
            (2) Power delivery research initiative.--There are
        authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out the
        Power Delivery Research Initiative under subsection 925(e) such
        sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through
        2009.

    (c) Micro-Cogeneration Energy Technology.--From amounts authorized
under subsection (b), $20,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 and 2008
shall be available to carry out activities under section 923.
    (d) High-Voltage Transmission Lines.--From amounts authorized under
subsection (b), $2,000,000 for fiscal year 2007 shall be available to
carry out activities under section 925(g).

SEC. 922. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16212.>> HIGH POWER DENSITY INDUSTRY PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application to
improve the energy efficiency of high power density facilities,
including data centers, server farms, and telecommunications facilities.
    (b) Technologies.--The program shall consider technologies that
provide significant improvement in thermal controls, metering, load
management, peak load reduction, or the efficient cooling of
electronics.

[[Page 119 STAT. 865]]

SEC. 923. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16213.>> MICRO-COGENERATION ENERGY TECHNOLOGY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall make competitive, merit-based
grants to consortia for the development of micro-cogeneration energy
technology.
    (b) Uses.--The consortia shall explore--
            (1) the use of small-scale combined heat and power in
        residential heating appliances;
            (2) the use of excess power to operate other appliances
        within the residence; and
            (3) the supply of excess generated power to the power grid.

SEC. 924. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16214.>> DISTRIBUTED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
            DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS.

    (a) Coordinating Consortia Program.--The Secretary may provide
financial assistance to coordinating consortia of interdisciplinary
participants for demonstrations designed to accelerate the use of
distributed energy technologies (such as fuel cells, microturbines,
reciprocating engines, thermally activated technologies, and combined
heat and power systems) in high-energy intensive commercial
applications.
    (b) Small-Scale Portable Power Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall--
                    (A) establish a research, development, and
                demonstration program to develop working models of small
                scale portable power devices; and
                    (B) to the fullest extent practicable, identify and
                utilize the resources of universities that have shown
                expertise with respect to advanced portable power
                devices for either civilian or military use.
            (2) Organization.--The universities identified and utilized
        under paragraph (1)(B) are authorized to establish an
        organization to promote small scale portable power devices.
            (3) Definition.--For purposes of this subsection, the term
        ``small scale portable power device'' means a field-deployable
        portable mechanical or electromechanical device that can be used
        for applications such as communications, computation, mobility
        enhancement, weapons systems, optical devices, cooling, sensors,
        medical devices, and active biological agent detection systems.

SEC. 925. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16215.>> ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
            PROGRAMS.

    (a) Program.--The Secretary shall establish a comprehensive
research, development, and demonstration program to ensure the
reliability, efficiency, and environmental integrity of electrical
transmission and distribution systems, which shall include--
            (1) advanced energy delivery technologies, energy storage
        technologies, materials, and systems, giving priority to new
        transmission technologies, including composite conductor
        materials and other technologies that enhance reliability,
        operational flexibility, or power-carrying capability;
            (2) advanced grid reliability and efficiency technology
        development;
            (3) technologies contributing to significant load
        reductions;
            (4) advanced metering, load management, and control
        technologies;
            (5) technologies to enhance existing grid components;

[[Page 119 STAT. 866]]

            (6) the development and use of high-temperature
        superconductors to--
                    (A) enhance the reliability, operational
                flexibility, or power-carrying capability of electric
                transmission or distribution systems; or
                    (B) increase the efficiency of electric energy
                generation, transmission, distribution, or storage
                systems;
            (7) integration of power systems, including systems to
        deliver high-quality electric power, electric power reliability,
        and combined heat and power;
            (8) supply of electricity to the power grid by small scale,
        distributed and residential-based power generators;
            (9) the development and use of advanced grid design,
        operation, and planning tools;
            (10) any other infrastructure technologies, as appropriate;
        and
            (11) technology transfer and education.

    (b) Program Plan.--
            (1) In general.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 1 year
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in
        consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies, shall
        prepare and submit to Congress a 5-year program plan to guide
        activities under this section.
            (2) Consultation.--In preparing the program plan, the
        Secretary shall consult with--
                    (A) utilities;
                    (B) energy service providers;
                    (C) manufacturers;
                    (D) institutions of higher education;
                    (E) other appropriate State and local agencies;
                    (F) environmental organizations;
                    (G) professional and technical societies; and
                    (H) any other persons the Secretary considers
                appropriate.

    (c) Implementation.--The Secretary shall consider implementing the
program under this section using a consortium of participants from
industry, institutions of higher education, and National Laboratories.
    (d) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the submission of the plan
under subsection (b), the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report--
            (1) describing the progress made under this section; and
            (2) identifying any additional resources needed to continue
        the development and commercial application of transmission and
        distribution of infrastructure technologies.

    (e) Power Delivery Research Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a research,
        development, and demonstration initiative specifically focused
        on power delivery using components incorporating high
        temperature superconductivity.
            (2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
                    (A) to establish world-class facilities to develop
                high temperature superconductivity power applications in
                partnership with manufacturers and utilities;
                    (B) to provide technical leadership for establishing
                reliability for high temperature superconductivity power
                applications, including suitable modeling and analysis;

[[Page 119 STAT. 867]]

                    (C) to facilitate the commercial transition toward
                direct current power transmission, storage, and use for
                high power systems using high temperature
                superconductivity; and
                    (D) to facilitate the integration of very low
                impedance high temperature superconducting wires and
                cables in existing electric networks to improve system
                performance, power flow control, and reliability.
            (3) Inclusions.--The Initiative shall include--
                    (A) feasibility analysis, planning, research, and
                design to construct demonstrations of superconducting
                links in high power, direct current, and controllable
                alternating current transmission systems;
                    (B) public-private partnerships to demonstrate
                deployment of high temperature superconducting cable
                into testbeds simulating a realistic transmission grid
                and under varying transmission conditions, including
                actual grid insertions; and
                    (C) testbeds developed in cooperation with National
                Laboratories, industries, and institutions of higher
                education to--
                          (i) demonstrate those technologies;
                          (ii) prepare the technologies for commercial
                      introduction; and
                          (iii) address cost or performance roadblocks
                      to successful commercial use.

    (f) Transmission and Distribution Grid Planning and Operations
Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall establish a research,
        development, and demonstration initiative specifically focused
        on tools needed to plan, operate, and expand the transmission
        and distribution grids in the presence of competitive market
        mechanisms for energy, load demand, customer response, and
        ancillary services.
            (2) Goals.--The goals of the Initiative shall be--
                    (A)(i) to develop and use a geographically
                distributed center, consisting of institutions of higher
                education, and National Laboratories, with expertise and
                facilities to develop the underlying theory and software
                for power system application; and
                    (ii) to ensure commercial development in partnership
                with software vendors and utilities;
                    (B) to provide technical leadership in engineering
                and economic analysis for the reliability and efficiency
                of power systems planning and operations in the presence
                of competitive markets for electricity;
                    (C) to model, simulate, and experiment with new
                market mechanisms and operating practices to understand
                and optimize those new methods before actual use; and
                    (D) to provide technical support and technology
                transfer to electric utilities and other participants in
                the domestic electric industry and marketplace.

    (g) High-voltage <<NOTE: Grants.>> Transmission Lines.--As part of
the program described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall award a
grant to a university research program to design and test, in
consultation with the Tennessee Valley Authority, state-of-the-art
optimization

[[Page 119 STAT. 868]]

techniques for power flow through existing high voltage transmission
lines.

                      Subtitle C--Renewable Energy

SEC. 931. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16231.>> RENEWABLE ENERGY.

    (a) In General.--
            (1) Objectives.--The Secretary shall conduct programs of
        renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and
        commercial application, including activities described in this
        subtitle. Such programs shall take into consideration the
        following objectives:
                    (A) Increasing the conversion efficiency of all
                forms of renewable energy through improved technologies.
                    (B) Decreasing the cost of renewable energy
                generation and delivery.
                    (C) Promoting the diversity of the energy supply.
                    (D) Decreasing the dependence of the United States
                on foreign energy supplies.
                    (E) Improving United States energy security.
                    (F) Decreasing the environmental impact of energy-
                related activities.
                    (G) Increasing the export of renewable generation
                equipment from the United States.
            (2) Programs.--
                    (A) Solar energy.--The Secretary shall conduct a
                program of research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application for solar energy, including--
                          (i) photovoltaics;
                          (ii) solar hot water and solar space heating;
                          (iii) concentrating solar power;
                          (iv) lighting systems that integrate sunlight
                      and electrical lighting in complement to each
                      other in common lighting fixtures for the purpose
                      of improving energy efficiency;
                          (v) manufacturability of low cost, high
                      quality solar systems; and
                          (vi) development of products that can be
                      easily integrated into new and existing buildings.
                    (B) Wind energy.--The Secretary shall conduct a
                program of research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application for wind energy, including--
                          (i) low speed wind energy;
                          (ii) offshore wind energy;
                          (iii) testing and verification (including
                      construction and operation of a research and
                      testing facility capable of testing wind
                      turbines); and
                          (iv) distributed wind energy generation.
                    (C) Geothermal.--The Secretary shall conduct a
                program of research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application for geothermal energy. The
                program shall focus on developing improved technologies
                for reducing the costs of geothermal energy
                installations, including technologies for--
                          (i) improving detection of geothermal
                      resources;
                          (ii) decreasing drilling costs;

[[Page 119 STAT. 869]]

                          (iii) decreasing maintenance costs through
                      improved materials;
                          (iv) increasing the potential for other
                      revenue sources, such as mineral production; and
                          (v) increasing the understanding of reservoir
                      life cycle and management.
                    (D) Hydropower.--The Secretary shall conduct a
                program of research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application for cost competitive technologies
                that enable the development of new and incremental
                hydropower capacity, adding to the diversity of the
                energy supply of the United States, including:
                          (i) Fish-friendly large turbines.
                          (ii) Advanced technologies to enhance
                      environmental performance and yield greater energy
                      efficiencies.
                    (E) Miscellaneous projects.--The Secretary shall
                conduct research, development, demonstration, and
                commercial application programs for--
                          (i) ocean energy, including wave energy;
                          (ii) the combined use of renewable energy
                      technologies with one another and with other
                      energy technologies, including the combined use of
                      wind power and coal gasification technologies;
                          (iii) renewable energy technologies for
                      cogeneration of hydrogen and electricity; and
                          (iv) kinetic hydro turbines.

    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out renewable energy research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application activities,
including activities authorized under this subtitle--
            (1) $632,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $743,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (3) $852,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

    (c) Bioenergy.--From the amounts authorized under subsection (b),
there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 932--
            (1) $213,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, of which $100,000,000
        shall be for section 932(d);
            (2) $251,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, of which $125,000,000
        shall be for section 932(d); and
            (3) $274,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, of which $150,000,000
        shall be for section 932(d).

    (d) Solar Power.--From amounts authorized under subsection (b),
there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out activities under
subsection (a)(2)(A)--
            (1) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, of which $40,000,000
        shall be for activities under section 935;
            (2) $200,000,000 for fiscal year 2008, of which $50,000,000
        shall be for activities under section 935; and
            (3) $250,000,000 for fiscal year 2009, of which $50,000,000
        shall be for activities under section 935.

    (e) Administration.--Of the funds authorized under subsection (c),
not less than $5,000,000 for each fiscal year shall be made available
for grants to--
            (1) part B institutions;

[[Page 119 STAT. 870]]

            (2) Tribal Colleges or Universities (as defined in section
        316(b) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C.
        1059c(b))); and
            (3) Hispanic-serving institutions.

    (f) Rural Demonstration Projects.--In carrying out this section, the
Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Agriculture, shall
demonstrate the use of renewable energy technologies to assist in
delivering electricity to rural and remote locations including --
            (1) advanced wind power technology, including combined use
        with coal gasification;
            (2) biomass; and
            (3) geothermal energy systems.

    (g) Analysis and Evaluation.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct analysis and
        evaluation in support of the renewable energy programs under
        this subtitle. These activities shall be used to guide budget
        and program decisions, and shall include--
                    (A) economic and technical analysis of renewable
                energy potential, including resource assessment;
                    (B) analysis of past program performance, both in
                terms of technical advances and in market introduction
                of renewable energy; and
                    (C) any other analysis or evaluation that the
                Secretary considers appropriate.
            (2) Funding.--The Secretary may designate up to 1 percent of
        the funds appropriated for carrying out this subtitle for
        analysis and evaluation activities under this subsection.

SEC. 932. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16232.>> BIOENERGY PROGRAM.

    (a) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Biomass.--The term ``biomass'' means--
                    (A) any organic material grown for the purpose of
                being converted to energy;
                    (B) any organic byproduct of agriculture (including
                wastes from food production and processing) that can be
                converted into energy; or
                    (C) any waste material that can be converted to
                energy, is segregated from other waste materials, and is
                derived from--
                          (i) any of the following forest-related
                      resources: mill residues, precommercial thinnings,
                      slash, brush, or otherwise nonmerchantable
                      material; or
                          (ii) wood waste materials, including waste
                      pallets, crates, dunnage, manufacturing and
                      construction wood wastes (other than pressure-
                      treated, chemically-treated, or painted wood
                      wastes), and landscape or right-of-way tree
                      trimmings, but not including municipal solid
                      waste, gas derived from the biodegradation of
                      municipal solid waste, or paper that is commonly
                      recycled.
            (2) Lignocellulosic feedstock.--The term ``lignocellulosic
        feedstock'' means any portion of a plant or coproduct from
        conversion, including crops, trees, forest residues, and
        agricultural residues not specifically grown for food, including
        from barley grain, grapeseed, rice bran, rice hulls, rice straw,
        soybean matter, and sugarcane bagasse.

[[Page 119 STAT. 871]]

    (b) Program.--The Secretary shall conduct a program of research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application for bioenergy,
including--
            (1) biopower energy systems;
            (2) biofuels;
            (3) bioproducts;
            (4) integrated biorefineries that may produce biopower,
        biofuels, and bioproducts;
            (5) cross-cutting research and development in feedstocks;
        and
            (6) economic analysis.

    (c) Biofuels and Bioproducts.--The goals of the biofuels and
bioproducts programs shall be to develop, in partnership with industry
and institutions of higher education--
            (1) advanced biochemical and thermochemical conversion
        technologies capable of making fuels from lignocellulosic
        feedstocks that are price-competitive with gasoline or diesel in
        either internal combustion engines or fuel cell-powered
        vehicles;
            (2) advanced biotechnology processes capable of making
        biofuels and bioproducts with emphasis on development of
        biorefinery technologies using enzyme-based processing systems;
            (3) advanced biotechnology processes capable of increasing
        energy production from lignocellulosic feedstocks, with emphasis
        on reducing the dependence of industry on fossil fuels in
        manufacturing facilities; and
            (4) other advanced processes that will enable the
        development of cost-effective bioproducts, including biofuels.

    (d) Integrated Biorefinery Demonstration Projects.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a program to
        demonstrate the commercial application of integrated
        biorefineries. The Secretary shall ensure geographical
        distribution of biorefinery demonstrations under this
        subsection. The Secretary shall not provide more than
        $100,000,000 under this subsection for any single biorefinery
        demonstration. In making awards under this subsection, the
        Secretary shall encourage--
                    (A) the demonstration of a wide variety of
                lignocellulosic feedstocks;
                    (B) the commercial application of biomass
                technologies for a variety of uses, including--
                          (i) liquid transportation fuels;
                          (ii) high-value biobased chemicals;
                          (iii) substitutes for petroleum-based
                      feedstocks and products; and
                          (iv) energy in the form of electricity or
                      useful heat; and
                    (C) the demonstration of the collection and
                treatment of a variety of biomass feedstocks.
            (2) Proposals.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 6 months
        after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
        solicit proposals for demonstration of advanced biorefineries.
        The Secretary shall select only proposals that--
                    (A) demonstrate that the project will be able to
                operate profitably without direct Federal subsidy after
                initial construction costs are paid; and
                    (B) enable the biorefinery to be easily replicated.

    (e) University Biodiesel Program.--The Secretary shall establish a
demonstration program to determine the feasibility of

[[Page 119 STAT. 872]]

the operation of diesel electric power generators, using biodiesel fuels
with ratings as high as B100, at electric generation facilities owned by
institutions of higher education. The program shall examine--
            (1) heat rates of diesel fuels with large quantities of
        cellulosic content;
            (2) the reliability of operation of various fuel blends;
            (3) performance in cold or freezing weather;
            (4) stability of fuel after extended storage; and
            (5) other criteria, as determined by the Secretary.

SEC. 933. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16233.>> LOW-COST RENEWABLE HYDROGEN AND
            INFRASTRUCTURE FOR VEHICLE PROPULSION.

    The Secretary shall--
            (1) establish a research, development, and demonstration
        program to determine the feasibility of using hydrogen
        propulsion in light-weight vehicles and the integration of the
        associated hydrogen production infrastructure using off-the-
        shelf components; and
            (2) identify universities and institutions that--
                    (A) have expertise in researching and testing
                vehicles fueled by hydrogen, methane, and other fuels;
                    (B) have expertise in integrating off-the-shelf
                components to minimize cost; and
                    (C) within 2 years can test a vehicle based on an
                existing commercially available platform with a curb
                weight of not less than 2,000 pounds before
                modifications, that--
                          (i) operates solely on hydrogen;
                          (ii) qualifies as a light-duty passenger
                      vehicle; and
                          (iii) uses hydrogen produced from water using
                      only solar energy.

SEC. 934. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16234.>> CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER RESEARCH
            PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct a program of research
and development to evaluate the potential for concentrating solar power
for hydrogen production, including cogeneration approaches for both
hydrogen and electricity.
    (b) Administration.--The program shall take advantage of existing
facilities to the extent practicable and shall include--
            (1) development of optimized technologies that are common to
        both electricity and hydrogen production;
            (2) evaluation of thermochemical cycles for hydrogen
        production at the temperatures attainable with concentrating
        solar power;
            (3) evaluation of materials issues for the thermochemical
        cycles described in paragraph (2);
            (4) cogeneration of solar thermal electric power and photo-
        synthetic-based hydrogen production;
            (5) system architectures and economics studies; and
            (6) coordination with activities under the Next Generation
        Nuclear Plant Project established under subtitle C of title VI
        on high temperature materials, thermochemical cycles, and
        economic issues.

    (c) Assessment.--In carrying out the program under this section, the
Secretary shall--
            (1) assess conflicting guidance on the economic potential of
        concentrating solar power for electricity production received
        from the National Research Council in the report entitled

[[Page 119 STAT. 873]]

        ``Renewable Power Pathways: A Review of the U.S. Department of
        Energy's Renewable Energy Programs'' and dated 2000 and
        subsequent reviews of that report funded by the Department; and
            (2) provide an assessment of the potential impact of
        technology used to concentrate solar power for electricity
        before, or concurrent with, submission of the budget for fiscal
        year 2008.

    (d) Report.--Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of
this Act, the Secretary shall provide to Congress a report on the
economic and technical potential for electricity or hydrogen production,
with or without cogeneration, with concentrating solar power, including
the economic and technical feasibility of potential construction of a
pilot demonstration facility suitable for commercial production of
electricity or hydrogen from concentrating solar power.

SEC. 935. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16235.>> RENEWABLE ENERGY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS.

    (a) Demonstration and Technology Transfer Program.--The Secretary
shall establish a program for the demonstration of innovative
technologies for solar and other renewable energy sources in buildings
owned or operated by a State or local government, and for the
dissemination of information resulting from such demonstration to
interested parties.
    (b) Limit on Federal Funding.--Notwithstanding section 988, the
Secretary shall provide under this section no more than 40 percent of
the incremental costs of the solar or other renewable energy source
project funded.
    (c) Requirements.--As part of the application for awards under this
section, the Secretary shall require all applicants---
            (1) to demonstrate a continuing commitment to the use of
        solar and other renewable energy sources in buildings they own
        or operate; and
            (2) to state how they expect any award to further their
        transition to the significant use of renewable energy.

   Subtitle D--Agricultural Biomass Research and Development Programs

SEC. 941. <<NOTE: 7 USC 8101 note.>> AMENDMENTS TO THE BIOMASS RESEARCH
            AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2000.

    (a) Definitions.--Section 303 of the Biomass Research and
Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is
amended--
            (1) by striking paragraphs (2), (9), and (10);
            (2) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), and
        (8) as paragraphs (4), (5), (7), (8), (9), and (10),
        respectively;
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) Biobased fuel.--The term `biobased fuel' means any
        transportation fuel produced from biomass.
            ``(3) Biobased product.--The term `biobased product' means
        an industrial product (including chemicals, materials, and
        polymers) produced from biomass, or a commercial or industrial
        product (including animal feed and electric power) derived in
        connection with the conversion of biomass to fuel.'';
            (4) by inserting after paragraph (5) (as redesignated by
        paragraph (2)) the following:

[[Page 119 STAT. 874]]

            ``(6) Demonstration.--The term `demonstration' means
        demonstration of technology in a pilot plant or semi-works scale
        facility.''; and
            (5) by striking paragraph (9) (as redesignated by paragraph
        (2)) and inserting the following:
            ``(9) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory'
        has the meaning given that term in section 2 of the Energy
        Policy Act of 2005.''

    (b) Cooperation and Coordination in Biomass Research and
Development.--Section 304 of the Biomass Research and Development Act of
2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsections (a) and (d), by striking ``industrial
        products'' each place it appears and inserting ``fuels and
        biobased products'';
            (2) by striking subsections (b) and (c); and
            (3) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (b).

    (c) Biomass Research and Development Board.--Section 305 of the
Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7
U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsections (a) and (c), by striking ``industrial
        products'' each place it appears and inserting ``fuels and
        biobased products'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``304(d)(1)(B)''
                and inserting ``304(b)(1)(B)''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``304(d)(1)(A)''
                and inserting ``304(b)(1)(A)''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``and'' at the
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the
                end and inserting a semicolon; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(3) ensure that--
                    ``(A) solicitations are open and competitive with
                awards made annually; and
                    ``(B) objectives and evaluation criteria of the
                solicitations are clearly stated and minimally
                prescriptive, with no areas of special interest; and
            ``(4) ensure that the panel of scientific and technical
        peers assembled under section 307(g)(1)(C) to review proposals
        is composed predominantly of independent experts selected from
        outside the Departments of Agriculture and Energy.''.

    (d) Biomass Research and Development Technical Advisory Committee.--
Section 306 of the Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public
Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)(1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``biobased
                industrial products'' and inserting ``biofuels'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) through (J)
                as subparagraphs (C) through (K), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                following:
                    ``(B) an individual affiliated with the biobased
                industrial and commercial products industry;'';

[[Page 119 STAT. 875]]

                    (D) in subparagraph (F) (as redesignated by
                subparagraph (B)) by striking ``an individual has'' and
                inserting ``2 individuals have'';
                    (E) in subparagraphs (C), (D), (G), and (I) (as
                redesignated by subparagraph (B)) by striking
                ``industrial products'' each place it appears and
                inserting ``fuels and biobased products''; and
                    (F) in subparagraph (H) (as redesignated by
                subparagraph (B)), by inserting ``and environmental''
                before ``analysis'';
            (2) in subsection (c)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``goals'' and
                inserting ``objectives, purposes, and considerations'';
                    (B) by redesignating subparagraphs (B) and (C) as
                subparagraphs (C) and (D), respectively;
                    (C) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the
                following:
                    ``(B) solicitations are open and competitive with
                awards made annually and that objectives and evaluation
                criteria of the solicitations are clearly stated and
                minimally prescriptive, with no areas of special
                interest;''; and
                    (D) in subparagraph (C) (as redesignated by
                subparagraph (B)) by inserting ``predominantly from
                outside the Departments of Agriculture and Energy''
                after ``technical peers''.

    (e) Biomass Research and Development Initiative.--Section 307 of the
Biomass Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7
U.S.C. 8101 note) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by striking ``research on biobased
        industrial products'' and inserting ``research on, and
        development and demonstration of, biobased fuels and biobased
        products, and the methods, practices and technologies, for their
        production''; and
            (2) by striking subsections (b) through (e) and inserting
        the following:

    ``(b) Objectives.--The objectives of the Initiative are to develop--
            ``(1) technologies and processes necessary for abundant
        commercial production of biobased fuels at prices competitive
        with fossil fuels;
            ``(2) high-value biobased products--
                    ``(A) to enhance the economic viability of biobased
                fuels and power; and
                    ``(B) as substitutes for petroleum-based feedstocks
                and products; and
            ``(3) a diversity of sustainable domestic sources of biomass
        for conversion to biobased fuels and biobased products.

    ``(c) Purposes.--The purposes of the Initiative are--
            ``(1) to increase the energy security of the United States;
            ``(2) to create jobs and enhance the economic development of
        the rural economy;
            ``(3) to enhance the environment and public health; and
            ``(4) to diversify markets for raw agricultural and forestry
        products.

    ``(d) Technical Areas.--To advance the objectives and purposes of
the Initiative, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary

[[Page 119 STAT. 876]]

of Energy, in consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency and heads of other appropriate departments and
agencies (referred to in this section as the `Secretaries'), shall
direct research and development toward--
            ``(1) feedstock production through the development of crops
        and cropping systems relevant to production of raw materials for
        conversion to biobased fuels and biobased products, including--
                    ``(A) development of advanced and dedicated crops
                with desired features, including enhanced productivity,
                broader site range, low requirements for chemical
                inputs, and enhanced processing;
                    ``(B) advanced crop production methods to achieve
                the features described in subparagraph (A);
                    ``(C) feedstock harvest, handling, transport, and
                storage; and
                    ``(D) strategies for integrating feedstock
                production into existing managed land;
            ``(2) overcoming recalcitrance of cellulosic biomass through
        developing technologies for converting cellulosic biomass into
        intermediates that can subsequently be converted into biobased
        fuels and biobased products, including--
                    ``(A) pretreatment in combination with enzymatic or
                microbial hydrolysis; and
                    ``(B) thermochemical approaches, including
                gasification and pyrolysis;
            ``(3) product diversification through technologies relevant
        to production of a range of biobased products (including
        chemicals, animal feeds, and cogenerated power) that eventually
        can increase the feasibility of fuel production in a
        biorefinery, including--
                    ``(A) catalytic processing, including thermochemical
                fuel production;
                    ``(B) metabolic engineering, enzyme engineering, and
                fermentation systems for biological production of
                desired products or cogeneration of power;
                    ``(C) product recovery;
                    ``(D) power production technologies; and
                    ``(E) integration into existing biomass processing
                facilities, including starch ethanol plants, paper
                mills, and power plants; and
            ``(4) analysis that provides strategic guidance for the
        application of biomass technologies in accordance with
        realization of improved sustainability and environmental
        quality, cost effectiveness, security, and rural economic
        development, usually featuring system-wide approaches.

    ``(e) Additional Considerations.--Within the technical areas
described in subsection (d), and in addition to advancing the purposes
described in subsection (c) and the objectives described in subsection
(b), the Secretaries shall support research and development--
            ``(1) to create continuously expanding opportunities for
        participants in existing biofuels production by seeking
        synergies and continuity with current technologies and
        practices, such as the use of dried distillers grains as a
        bridge feedstock;
            ``(2) to maximize the environmental, economic, and social
        benefits of production of biobased fuels and biobased products

[[Page 119 STAT. 877]]

        on a large scale through life-cycle economic and environmental
        analysis and other means; and
            ``(3) to assess the potential of Federal land and land
        management programs as feedstock resources for biobased fuels
        and biobased products, consistent with the integrity of soil and
        water resources and with other environmental considerations.

    ``(f) Eligible Entities.--To be eligible for a grant, contract, or
assistance under this section, an applicant shall be--
            ``(1) an institution of higher education;
            ``(2) a National Laboratory;
            ``(3) a Federal research agency;
            ``(4) a State research agency;
            ``(5) a private sector entity;
            ``(6) a nonprofit organization; or
            ``(7) a consortium of two or more entities described in
        paragraphs (1) through (6).

    ``(g) Administration.--
            ``(1) In general.--After consultation with the Board, the
        points of contact shall--
                    ``(A) publish annually one or more joint requests
                for proposals for grants, contracts, and assistance
                under this section;
                    ``(B) require that grants, contracts, and assistance
                under this section be awarded competitively, on the
                basis of merit, after the establishment of procedures
                that provide for scientific peer review by an
                independent panel of scientific and technical peers; and
                    ``(C) give some preference to applications that--
                          ``(i) involve a consortia of experts from
                      multiple institutions;
                          ``(ii) encourage the integration of
                      disciplines and application of the best technical
                      resources; and
                          ``(iii) increase the geographic diversity of
                      demonstration projects.
            ``(2) Distribution of funding by technical area.--Of the
        funds authorized to be appropriated for activities described in
        this section, funds shall be distributed for each of fiscal
        years 2007 through 2010 so as to achieve an approximate
        distribution of--
                    ``(A) 20 percent of the funds to carry out
                activities for feedstock production under subsection
                (d)(1);
                    ``(B) 45 percent of the funds to carry out
                activities for overcoming recalcitrance of cellulosic
                biomass under subsection (d)(2);
                    ``(C) 30 percent of the funds to carry out
                activities for product diversification under subsection
                (d)(3); and
                    ``(D) 5 percent of the funds to carry out activities
                for strategic guidance under subsection (d)(4).
            ``(3) Distribution of funding within each technical area.--
        Within each technical area described in paragraphs (1) through
        (3) of subsection (d), funds shall be distributed for each of
        fiscal years 2007 through 2010 so as to achieve an approximate
        distribution of--
                    ``(A) 15 percent of the funds for applied
                fundamentals;
                    ``(B) 35 percent of the funds for innovation; and
                    ``(C) 50 percent of the funds for demonstration.

[[Page 119 STAT. 878]]

            ``(4) Matching funds.--
                    ``(A) In general.--A minimum 20 percent funding
                match shall be required for demonstration projects under
                this title.
                    ``(B) Commercial applications.--A minimum of 50
                percent funding match shall be required for commercial
                application projects under this title.
            ``(5) Technology and information transfer to agricultural
        users.--The Administrator of the Cooperative State Research,
        Education, and Extension Service and the Chief of the Natural
        Resources Conservation Service shall ensure that applicable
        research results and technologies from the Initiative are
        adapted, made available, and disseminated through those
        services, as appropriate.''.

    (f) Annual Reports.--Section 309 of the Biomass Research and
Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is
amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                          (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking
                      ``purposes described in section 307(b)'' and
                      inserting ``objectives, purposes, and additional
                      considerations described in subsections (b)
                      through (e) of section 307'';
                          (ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``and''
                      at the end;
                          (iii) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as
                      subparagraph (D); and
                          (iv) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the
                      following:
                    ``(C) achieves the distribution of funds described
                in paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 307(g); and''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (2), by striking ``industrial
                products'' and inserting ``fuels and biobased
                products''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:

    ``(c) Updates.--The Secretary and the Secretary of Energy shall
update the Vision and Roadmap documents prepared for Federal biomass
research and development activities.''.
    (g) Authorization of Appropriations.--Section 310(b) of the Biomass
Research and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 8101
note) is amended by striking ``title $54,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2002 through 2007'' and inserting ``title $200,000,000 for each of
fiscal years 2006 through 2015''.
    (h) Repeal of Sunset Provision.--Section 311 of the Biomass Research
and Development Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-224; 7 U.S.C. 8101 note) is
repealed.

SEC. 942. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16251.>> PRODUCTION INCENTIVES FOR CELLULOSIC
            BIOFUELS.

    (a) Purpose.--The purpose of this section is to--
            (1) accelerate deployment and commercialization of biofuels;
            (2) deliver the first 1,000,000,000 gallons in annual
        cellulosic biofuels production by 2015;
            (3) ensure biofuels produced after 2015 are cost competitive
        with gasoline and diesel; and
            (4) ensure that small feedstock producers and rural small
        businesses are full participants in the development of the
        cellulosic biofuels industry.

[[Page 119 STAT. 879]]

    (b) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Cellulosic biofuels.--The term ``cellulosic biofuels''
        means any fuel that is produced from cellulosic feedstocks.
            (2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means a
        producer of fuel from cellulosic biofuels the production
        facility of which--
                    (A) is located in the United States;
                    (B) meets all applicable Federal and State
                permitting requirements; and
                    (C) meets any financial criteria established by the
                Secretary.

    (c) Program.--
            (1) Establishment.--The Secretary, in consultation with the
        Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Defense, and the
        Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall
        establish an incentive program for the production of cellulosic
        biofuels.
            (2) Basis of incentives.--Under the program, the Secretary
        shall award production incentives on a per gallon basis of
        cellulosic biofuels from eligible entities, through--
                    (A) set payments per gallon of cellulosic biofuels
                produced in an amount determined by the Secretary, until
                initiation of the first reverse auction; and
                    (B) reverse auction thereafter.
            (3) First reverse auction.--The <<NOTE: Deadlines.>> first
        reverse auction shall be held on the earlier of--
                    (A) not later than 1 year after the first year of
                annual production in the United States of 100,000,000
                gallons of cellulosic biofuels, as determined by the
                Secretary; or
                    (B) not later than 3 years after the date of
                enactment of this Act.
            (4) Reverse auction procedure.--
                    (A) In general.--On initiation of the first reverse
                auction, and each year thereafter until the earlier of
                the first year of annual production in the United States
                of 1,000,000,000 gallons of cellulosic biofuels, as
                determined by the Secretary, or 10 years after the date
                of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall conduct a
                reverse auction at which--
                          (i) the Secretary shall solicit bids from
                      eligible entities;
                          (ii) eligible entities shall submit--
                                    (I) a desired level of production
                                incentive on a per gallon basis; and
                                    (II) an estimated annual production
                                amount in gallons; and
                          (iii) the Secretary shall issue awards for the
                      production amount submitted, beginning with the
                      eligible entity submitting the bid for the lowest
                      level of production incentive on a per gallon
                      basis and meeting such other criteria as are
                      established by the Secretary, until the amount of
                      funds available for the reverse auction is
                      committed.
                    (B) Amount of incentive received.--An eligible
                entity selected by the Secretary through a reverse
                auction shall receive the amount of performance
                incentive

[[Page 119 STAT. 880]]

                requested in the auction for each gallon produced and
                sold by the entity during the first 6 years of
                operation.
                    (C) Commencement
                of <<NOTE: Deadline. Contracts.>> production of
                cellulosic biofuels.--As a condition of the receipt of
                an award under this section, an eligible entity shall
                enter into an agreement with the Secretary under which
                the eligible entity agrees to begin production of
                cellulosic biofuels not later than 3 years after the
                date of the reverse auction in which the eligible entity
                participates.

    (d) Limitations.--Awards under this section shall be limited to--
            (1) a per gallon amount determined by the Secretary during
        the first 4 years of the program;
            (2) a declining per gallon cap over the remaining lifetime
        of the program, to be established by the Secretary so that
        cellulosic biofuels produced after the first year of annual
        cellulosic biofuels production in the United States in excess of
        1,000,000,000 gallons are cost competitive with gasoline and
        diesel;
            (3) not more than 25 percent of the funds committed within
        each reverse auction to any 1 project;
            (4) not more than $100,000,000 in any 1 year; and
            (5) not more than $1,000,000,000 over the lifetime of the
        program.

    (e) Priority.--In selecting a project under the program, the
Secretary shall give priority to projects that--
            (1) demonstrate outstanding potential for local and regional
        economic development;
            (2) include agricultural producers or cooperatives of
        agricultural producers as equity partners in the ventures; and
            (3) have a strategic agreement in place to fairly reward
        feedstock suppliers.

    (f) Authorizations of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $250,000,000.

SEC. 943. PROCUREMENT OF BIOBASED PRODUCTS.

    (a) Federal Procurement.--
            (1) Definition of procuring agency.--Section 9001 of the
        Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8101)
        is amended--
                    (A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) as
                paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively; and
                    (B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
            ``(4) Procuring agency.--The term `procuring agency' means--
                    ``(A) any Federal agency that is using Federal funds
                for procurement; or
                    ``(B) any person contracting with any Federal agency
                with respect to work performed under the contract.''.
            (2) Procurement.--Section 9002 of the Farm Security and
        Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8102) is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``Federal agency'' each place it
                appears (other than in subsections (f) and (g)) and
                inserting ``procuring agency'';
                    (B) in subsection (c)(2)--
                          (i) by striking ``(2)'' and all that follows
                      through ``Notwithstanding'' and inserting the
                      following:

[[Page 119 STAT. 881]]

            ``(2) Flexibility.--Notwithstanding'';
                          (ii) by striking ``an agency'' and inserting
                      ``a procuring agency''; and
                          (iii) by striking ``the agency'' and inserting
                      ``the procuring agency'';
                    (C) in subsection (d), by striking ``procured by
                Federal agencies'' and inserting ``procured by procuring
                agencies''; and
                    (D) in subsection (f), by striking ``Federal
                agencies'' and inserting ``procuring agencies''.

    (b) Capitol Complex Procurement.--Section 9002 of the Farm Security
and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8102) (as amended by
subsection (a)(2)) is amended--
            (1) by redesignating subsection (j) as subsection (k); and
            (2) by inserting after subsection (i) the following:

    ``(j) Inclusion.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline. Procedures.>> later than 90
days after the date of enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the
Architect of the Capitol, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, and the
Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives shall
establish procedures that apply the requirements of this section to
procurement for the Capitol Complex.''.

    (c) <<NOTE: 42 USC 16252.>> Education.--
            (1) In general.--The Architect of the Capitol shall
        establish in the Capitol Complex a program of public education
        regarding use by the Architect of the Capitol of biobased
        products.
            (2) Purposes.--The purposes of the program shall be--
                    (A) to establish the Capitol Complex as a showcase
                for the existence and benefits of biobased products; and
                    (B) to provide access to further information on
                biobased products to occupants and visitors.

    (d) Procedure.--Requirements <<NOTE: 7 USC 8102 note.>> issued under
the amendments made by subsection (b) shall be made in accordance with
directives issued by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the
Senate and the Committee on House Administration of the House of
Representatives.

SEC. 944. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16253.>> SMALL BUSINESS BIOPRODUCT MARKETING
            AND CERTIFICATION GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Using amounts made available under subsection (g),
the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the
``Secretary'') shall make available on a competitive basis grants to
eligible entities described in subsection (b) for the biobased product
marketing and certification purposes described in subsection (c).
    (b) Eligible Entities.--
            (1) In general.--An entity eligible for a grant under this
        section is any manufacturer of biobased products that--
                    (A) proposes to use the grant for the biobased
                product marketing and certification purposes described
                in subsection (c); and
                    (B) has not previously received a grant under this
                section.
            (2) Preference.--In making grants under this section, the
        Secretary shall provide a preference to an eligible entity that
        has fewer than 50 employees.

[[Page 119 STAT. 882]]

    (c) Biobased Product Marketing and Certification Grant Purposes.--A
grant made under this section shall be used--
            (1) to provide working capital for marketing of biobased
        products; and
            (2) to provide for the certification of biobased products
        to--
                    (A) qualify for the label described in section
                9002(h)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act
                of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8102(h)(1)); or
                    (B) meet other biobased standards determined
                appropriate by the Secretary.

    (d) Matching Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Grant recipients shall provide matching
        non-Federal funds equal to the amount of the grant received.
            (2) Expenditure.--Matching funds shall be expended in
        advance of grant funding, so that for every dollar of grant that
        is advanced, an equal amount of matching funds shall have been
        funded prior to submitting the request for reimbursement.

    (e) Amount.--A grant made under this section shall not exceed
$100,000.
    (f) Administration.--The Secretary shall establish such
administrative requirements for grants under this section, including
requirements for applications for the grants, as the Secretary considers
appropriate.
    (g) Authorizations of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to make grants under this section--
            (1) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
            (2) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2007
        through 2015.

SEC. 945. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16254.>> REGIONAL BIOECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
            GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--Using amounts made available under subsection (g),
the Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the
``Secretary'') shall make available on a competitive basis grants to
eligible entities described in subsection (b) for the purposes described
in subsection (c).
    (b) Eligible Entities.--An entity eligible for a grant under this
section is any regional bioeconomy development association, agricultural
or energy trade association, or Land Grant institution that--
            (1) proposes to use the grant for the purposes described in
        subsection (c); and
            (2) has not previously received a grant under this section.

    (c) Regional Bioeconomy Development Association Grant Purposes.--A
grant made under this section shall be used to support and promote the
growth and development of the bioeconomy within the region served by the
eligible entity, through coordination, education, outreach, and other
endeavors by the eligible entity.
    (d) Matching Funds.--
            (1) In general.--Grant recipients shall provide matching
        non-Federal funds equal to the amount of the grant received.
            (2) Expenditure.--Matching funds shall be expended in
        advance of grant funding, so that for every dollar of grant that
        is advanced, an equal amount of matching funds shall have been
        funded prior to submitting the request for reimbursement.

[[Page 119 STAT. 883]]

    (e) Administration.--The <<NOTE: Requirements.>> Secretary shall
establish such administrative requirements for grants under this
section, including requirements for applications for the grants, as the
Secretary considers appropriate.

    (f) Amount.--A grant made under this section shall not exceed
$500,000.
    (g) Authorizations of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to make grants under this section--
            (1) $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2006; and
            (2) such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years 2007
        through 2015.

SEC. 946. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16255.>> PREPROCESSING AND HARVESTING
            DEMONSTRATION GRANTS.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this
section as the ``Secretary'') shall make grants available on a
competitive basis to enterprises owned by agricultural producers, for
the purposes of demonstrating cost-effective, cellulosic biomass
innovations in--
            (1) preprocessing of feedstocks, including cleaning,
        separating and sorting, mixing or blending, and chemical or
        biochemical treatments, to add value and lower the cost of
        feedstock processing at a biorefinery; or
            (2) 1-pass or other efficient, multiple crop harvesting
        techniques.

    (b) Limitations on Grants.--
            (1) Number of grants.--Not more than 5 demonstration
        projects per fiscal year shall be funded under this section.
            (2) Non-federal cost share.--The non-Federal cost share of a
        project under this section shall be not less than 20 percent, as
        determined by the Secretary.

    (c) Condition of Grant.--To be eligible for a grant for a project
under this section, a recipient of a grant or a participating entity
shall agree to use the material harvested under the project--
            (1) to produce ethanol; or
            (2) for another energy purpose, such as the generation of
        heat or electricity.

    (d) Authorization for Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2006 through 2010.

SEC. 947. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16256.>> EDUCATION AND OUTREACH.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish,
within the Department of Agriculture or through an independent
contracting entity, a program of education and outreach on biobased
fuels and biobased products consisting of--
            (1) training and technical assistance programs for feedstock
        producers to promote producer ownership, investment, and
        participation in the operation of processing facilities; and
            (2) public education and outreach to familiarize consumers
        with the biobased fuels and biobased products.

    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be
appropriated to carry out this section $1,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2006 through 2010.

SEC. 948. REPORTS.

    (a) Biobased Product Potential.--Not later than 1 year after the
date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture

[[Page 119 STAT. 884]]

(referred to in this section as the ``Secretary'') shall submit to the
Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report
that--
            (1) describes the economic potential for the United States
        of the widespread production and use of commercial and
        industrial biobased products through calendar year 2025; and
            (2) as the maximum extent practicable, identifies the
        economic potential by product area.

    (b) Analysis of Economic Indicators.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later
than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary
shall submit to Congress an analysis of economic indicators of the
biobased economy.

                       Subtitle E--Nuclear Energy

SEC. 951. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16271.>> NUCLEAR ENERGY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct programs of civilian
nuclear energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial
application, including activities described in this subtitle. Programs
under this subtitle shall take into consideration the following
objectives:
            (1) Enhancing nuclear power's viability as part of the
        United States energy portfolio.
            (2) Providing the technical means to reduce the likelihood
        of nuclear proliferation.
            (3) Maintaining a cadre of nuclear scientists and engineers.
            (4) Maintaining National Laboratory and university nuclear
        programs, including their infrastructure.
            (5) Supporting both individual researchers and
        multidisciplinary teams of researchers to pioneer new approaches
        in nuclear energy, science, and technology.
            (6) Developing, planning, constructing, acquiring, and
        operating special equipment and facilities for the use of
        researchers.
            (7) Supporting technology transfer and other appropriate
        activities to assist the nuclear energy industry, and other
        users of nuclear science and engineering, including activities
        addressing reliability, availability, productivity, component
        aging, safety, and security of nuclear power plants.
            (8) Reducing the environmental impact of nuclear energy-
        related activities.

    (b) Authorization of Appropriations for Core Programs.--There are
authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out nuclear
energy research, development, demonstration, and commercial application
activities, including activities authorized under this subtitle, other
than those described in subsection (c)--
            (1) $330,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $355,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (3) $495,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

    (c) Nuclear Infrastructure and Facilities.--There are authorized to
be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out activities under section
955--
            (1) $135,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $140,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (3) $145,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

[[Page 119 STAT. 885]]

    (d) Allocations.--From amounts authorized under subsection (a), the
following sums are authorized:
            (1) For activities under section 953--
                    (A) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
                    (B) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
                    (C) $275,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
            (2) For activities under section 954--
                    (A) $43,600,000 for fiscal year 2007;
                    (B) $50,100,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
                    (C) $56,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
            (3) For activities under section 957, $6,000,000 for each of
        fiscal years 2007 through 2009.

    (e) Limitation.--None of the funds authorized under this section may
be used to decommission the Fast Flux Test Facility.

SEC. 952. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16272.>> NUCLEAR ENERGY RESEARCH PROGRAMS.

    (a) Nuclear Energy Research Initiative.--The Secretary shall carry
out a Nuclear Energy Research Initiative for research and development
related to nuclear energy.
    (b) Nuclear Energy Systems Support Program.--The Secretary shall
carry out a Nuclear Energy Systems Support Program to support research
and development activities addressing reliability, availability,
productivity, component aging, safety, and security of existing nuclear
power plants.
    (c) Nuclear Power 2010 Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a Nuclear
        Power 2010 Program, consistent with recommendations of the
        Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee of the Department in
        the report entitled ``A Roadmap to Deploy New Nuclear Power
        Plants in the United States by 2010'' and dated October 2001.
            (2) Administration.--The Program shall include--
                    (A) use of the expertise and capabilities of
                industry, institutions of higher education, and National
                Laboratories in evaluation of advanced nuclear fuel
                cycles and fuels testing;
                    (B) consideration of a variety of reactor designs
                suitable for both developed and developing nations;
                    (C) participation of international collaborators in
                research, development, and design efforts, as
                appropriate; and
                    (D) encouragement for participation by institutions
                of higher education and industry.

    (d) Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall carry out a Generation
        IV Nuclear Energy Systems Initiative to develop an overall
        technology plan for and to support research and development
        necessary to make an informed technical decision about the most
        promising candidates for eventual commercial application.
            (2) Administration.--In conducting the Initiative, the
        Secretary shall examine advanced proliferation-resistant and
        passively safe reactor designs, including designs that--
                    (A) are economically competitive with other electric
                power generation plants;
                    (B) have higher efficiency, lower cost, and improved
                safety compared to reactors in operation on the date of
                enactment of this Act;

[[Page 119 STAT. 886]]

                    (C) use fuels that are proliferation resistant and
                have substantially reduced production of high-level
                waste per unit of output; and
                    (D) use improved instrumentation.

    (e) Reactor Production of Hydrogen.--The Secretary shall carry out
research to examine designs for high-temperature reactors capable of
producing large-scale quantities of hydrogen.

SEC. 953. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16273.>> ADVANCED FUEL CYCLE INITIATIVE.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary, acting through the Director of the
Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology, shall conduct an
advanced fuel recycling technology research, development, and
demonstration program (referred to in this section as the ``program'')
to evaluate proliferation-resistant fuel recycling and transmutation
technologies that minimize environmental and public health and safety
impacts as an alternative to aqueous reprocessing technologies deployed
as of the date of enactment of this Act in support of evaluation of
alternative national strategies for spent nuclear fuel and the
Generation IV advanced reactor concepts.
    (b) Annual Review.--The program shall be subject to annual review by
the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee of the Department or
other independent entity, as appropriate.
    (c) International Cooperation.--In carrying out the program, the
Secretary is encouraged to seek opportunities to enhance the progress of
the program through international cooperation.
    (d) Reports.--The Secretary shall submit, as part of the annual
budget submission of the Department, a report on the activities of the
program.

SEC. 954. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16274.>> UNIVERSITY NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND
            ENGINEERING SUPPORT.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall conduct a program to invest in
human resources and infrastructure in the nuclear sciences and related
fields, including health physics, nuclear engineering, and
radiochemistry, consistent with missions of the Department related to
civilian nuclear research, development, demonstration, and commercial
application.
    (b) Requirements.--In carrying out the program under this section,
the Secretary shall--
            (1) conduct a graduate and undergraduate fellowship program
        to attract new and talented students, which may include
        fellowships for students to spend time at National Laboratories
        in the areas of nuclear science, engineering, and health physics
        with a member of the National Laboratory staff acting as a
        mentor;
            (2) conduct a junior faculty research initiation grant
        program to assist universities in recruiting and retaining new
        faculty in the nuclear sciences and engineering by awarding
        grants to junior faculty for research on issues related to
        nuclear energy engineering and science;
            (3) support fundamental nuclear sciences, engineering, and
        health physics research through a nuclear engineering education
        and research program;
            (4) encourage collaborative nuclear research among industry,
        National Laboratories, and universities; and
            (5) support communication and outreach related to nuclear
        science, engineering, and health physics.

[[Page 119 STAT. 887]]

    (c) University-National Laboratory Interactions.--The Secretary
shall conduct--
            (1) a fellowship program for professors at universities to
        spend sabbaticals at National Laboratories in the areas of
        nuclear science and technology; and
            (2) a visiting scientist program in which National
        Laboratory staff can spend time in academic nuclear science and
        engineering departments.

    (d) Strengthening University Research and Training Reactors and
Associated Infrastructure.--In carrying out the program under this
section, the Secretary may support--
            (1) converting research reactors from high-enrichment fuels
        to low-enrichment fuels and upgrading operational
        instrumentation;
            (2) consortia of universities to broaden access to
        university research reactors;
            (3) student training programs, in collaboration with the
        United States nuclear industry, in relicensing and upgrading
        reactors, including through the provision of technical
        assistance; and
            (4) reactor improvements as part of a taking into
        consideration effort that emphasizes research, training, and
        education, including through the Innovations in Nuclear
        Infrastructure and Education Program or any similar program.

    (e) Operations and Maintenance.--Funding for a project provided
under this section may be used for a portion of the operating and
maintenance costs of a research reactor at a university used in the
project.
    (f) Definition.--In this section, the term ``junior faculty'' means
a faculty member who was awarded a doctorate less than 10 years before
receipt of an award from the grant program described in subsection
(b)(2).

SEC. 955. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16275.>> DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CIVILIAN NUCLEAR
            INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall operate and maintain
infrastructure and facilities to support the nuclear energy research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application programs,
including radiological facilities management, isotope production, and
facilities management.
    (b) Duties.--In carrying out this section, the Secretary shall--
            (1) develop an inventory of nuclear science and engineering
        facilities, equipment, expertise, and other assets at all of the
        National Laboratories;
            (2) develop a prioritized list of nuclear science and
        engineering plant and equipment improvements needed at each of
        the National Laboratories;
            (3) consider the available facilities and expertise at all
        National Laboratories and emphasize investments which complement
        rather than duplicate capabilities; and
            (4) develop a timeline and a proposed budget for the
        completion of deferred maintenance on plant and equipment, with
        the goal of ensuring that Department programs under this
        subtitle will be generally recognized to be among the best in
        the world.

    (c) Plan.--The Secretary shall develop a comprehensive plan for the
facilities at the Idaho National Laboratory, especially taking

[[Page 119 STAT. 888]]

into account the resources available at other National Laboratories. In
developing the plan, the Secretary shall--
            (1) evaluate the facilities planning processes utilized by
        other physical science and engineering research and development
        institutions, both in the United States and abroad, that are
        generally recognized as being among the best in the world, and
        consider how those processes might be adapted toward developing
        such facilities plan;
            (2) avoid duplicating, moving, or transferring nuclear
        science and engineering facilities, equipment, expertise, and
        other assets that currently exist at other National
        Laboratories;
            (3) consider the establishment of a national transuranic
        analytic chemistry laboratory as a user facility at the Idaho
        National Laboratory;
            (4) include a plan to develop, if feasible, the Advanced
        Test Reactor and Test Reactor Area into a user facility that is
        more readily accessible to academic and industrial researchers;
            (5) consider the establishment of a fast neutron source as a
        user facility;
            (6) consider the establishment of new hot cells and the
        configuration of hot cells most likely to advance research,
        development, demonstration, and commercial application in
        nuclear science and engineering, especially in the context of
        the condition and availability of these facilities elsewhere in
        the National Laboratories; and
            (7) include a timeline and a proposed budget for the
        completion of deferred maintenance on plant and equipment.

    (d) Transmittal to Congress.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than 1
year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
transmit the plan under subsection (c) to Congress.

SEC. 956. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16276.>> SECURITY OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES.

    The Secretary, acting through the Director of the Office of Nuclear
Energy, Science and Technology, shall conduct a research and development
program on cost-effective technologies for increasing--
            (1) the safety of nuclear facilities from natural phenomena;
        and
            (2) the security of nuclear facilities from deliberate
        attacks.

SEC. 957. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16277.>> ALTERNATIVES TO INDUSTRIAL RADIOACTIVE
            SOURCES.

    (a) Survey.--
            (1) In general.--Not <<NOTE: Deadline.>> later than August
        1, 2006, the Secretary shall submit to Congress the results of a
        survey of industrial applications of large radioactive sources.
            (2) Administration.--The survey shall--
                    (A) consider well-logging sources as one class of
                industrial sources;
                    (B) include information on current domestic and
                international Department, Department of Defense, State
                Department, and commercial programs to manage and
                dispose of radioactive sources; and
                    (C) analyze available disposal options for currently
                deployed or future sources and, if deficiencies are
                noted for either deployed or future sources, recommend
                legislative options that Congress may consider to remedy
                identified deficiencies.

[[Page 119 STAT. 889]]

    (b) Plan.--
            (1) In general.--In conjunction with the survey conducted
        under subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a research
        and development program to develop alternatives to sources
        described in subsection (a) that reduce safety, environmental,
        or proliferation risks to either workers using the sources or
        the public.
            (2) Accelerators.--Miniaturized particle accelerators for
        well-logging or other industrial applications and portable
        accelerators for production of short-lived radioactive materials
        at an industrial site shall be considered as part of the
        research and development efforts.
            (3) Report.--Not later than August 1, 2006, the Secretary
        shall submit to Congress a report describing the details of the
        program plan.

                        Subtitle F--Fossil Energy

SEC. 961. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16291.>> FOSSIL ENERGY.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application programs in
fossil energy, including activities under this subtitle, with the goal
of improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and environmental
performance of fossil energy production, upgrading, conversion, and
consumption. Such programs take into consideration the following
objectives:
            (1) Increasing the energy conversion efficiency of all forms
        of fossil energy through improved technologies.
            (2) Decreasing the cost of all fossil energy production,
        generation, and delivery.
            (3) Promoting diversity of energy supply.
            (4) Decreasing the dependence of the United States on
        foreign energy supplies.
            (5) Improving United States energy security.
            (6) Decreasing the environmental impact of energy-related
        activities.
            (7) Increasing the export of fossil energy-related
        equipment, technology, and services from the United States.

    (b) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out fossil energy research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application activities,
including activities authorized under this subtitle--
            (1) $611,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $626,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (3) $641,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

    (c) Allocations.--From amounts authorized under subsection (a), the
following sums are authorized:
            (1) For activities under section 962--
                    (A) $367,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
                    (B) $376,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
                    (C) $394,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
            (2) For activities under section 964--
                    (A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
                    (B) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
                    (C) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.
            (3) For activities under section 966--

[[Page 119 STAT. 890]]

                    (A) $1,500,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
                    (B) $450,000 for each of fiscal years 2008 and 2009.
            (4) For the Office of Arctic Energy under section 3197 of
        the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for
        Fiscal Year 2001 (42 U.S.C. 7144d) $25,000,000 for each of
        fiscal years 2007 through 2009.

    (d) Extended Authorization.--There are authorized to be appropriated
to the Secretary for the Office of Arctic Energy established under
section 3197 of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2001 (42 U.S.C. 7144d) $25,000,000 for each of fiscal
years 2010 through 2012.
    (e) Limitations.--
            (1) Uses.--None of the funds authorized under this section
        may be used for Fossil Energy Environmental Restoration or
        Import/Export Authorization.
            (2) Institutions of higher education.--Of the funds
        authorized under subsection (c)(2), not less than 20 percent of
        the funds appropriated for each fiscal year shall be dedicated
        to research and development carried out at institutions of
        higher education.

SEC. 962. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16292.>> COAL AND RELATED TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--In addition to the programs authorized under title
IV, the Secretary shall conduct a program of technology research,
development, demonstration, and commercial application for coal and
power systems, including programs to facilitate production and
generation of coal-based power through--
            (1) innovations for existing plants (including mercury
        removal);
            (2) gasification systems;
            (3) advanced combustion systems;
            (4) turbines for synthesis gas derived from coal;
            (5) carbon capture and sequestration research and
        development;
            (6) coal-derived chemicals and transportation fuels;
            (7) liquid fuels derived from low rank coal water slurry;
            (8) solid fuels and feedstocks;
            (9) advanced coal-related research;
            (10) advanced separation technologies; and
            (11) fuel cells for the operation of synthesis gas derived
        from coal.

    (b) Cost and Performance Goals.--
            (1) In general.--In carrying out programs authorized by this
        section, during each of calendar years 2008, 2010, 2012, and
        2016, and during each fiscal year beginning after September 30,
        2021, the Secretary shall identify cost and performance goals
        for coal-based technologies that would permit the continued
        cost-competitive use of coal for the production of electricity,
        chemical feedstocks, and transportation fuels.
            (2) Administration.--In establishing the cost and
        performance goals, the Secretary shall--
                    (A) consider activities and studies undertaken as of
                the date of enactment of this Act by industry in
                cooperation with the Department in support of the
                identification of the goals;
                    (B) consult with interested entities, including--
                          (i) coal producers;

[[Page 119 STAT. 891]]

                          (ii) industries using coal;
                          (iii) organizations that promote coal and
                      advanced coal technologies;
                          (iv) environmental organizations;
                          (v) organizations representing workers; and
                          (vi) organizations representing consumers;
                    (C) <<NOTE: Deadline. Federal
                Register, publication.>> not later than 120 days after
                the date of enactment of this Act, publish in the
                Federal Register proposed draft cost and performance
                goals for public comments; and
                    (D) <<NOTE: Deadline. Reports.>> not later than 180
                days after the date of enactment of this Act and every 4
                years thereafter, submit to Congress a report describing
                the final cost and performance goals for the
                technologies that includes--
                          (i) a list of technical milestones; and
                          (ii) an explanation of how programs authorized
                      in this section will not duplicate the activities
                      authorized under the Clean Coal Power Initiative
                      authorized under title IV.

    (c) Powder River Basin and Fort Union Lignite Coal Mercury
Removal.--
            (1) In general.--In addition to the programs authorized by
        subsection (a), the Secretary shall establish a program to test
        and develop technologies to control and remove mercury emissions
        from subbituminous coal mined in the Powder River Basin, and
        Fort Union lignite coals, that are used for the generation of
        electricity.
            (2) Efficacy of mercury removal technology.--In carrying out
        the program under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall examine the
        efficacy of mercury removal technologies on coals described in
        that paragraph that are blended with other types of coal.

    (d) Fuel Cells.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall conduct a program of
        research, development, demonstration, and commercial application
        on fuel cells for low-cost, high-efficiency, fuel-flexible,
        modular power systems.
            (2) Demonstrations.--The demonstrations referred to in
        paragraph (1) shall include solid oxide fuel cell technology for
        commercial, residential, and transportation applications, and
        distributed generation systems, using improved manufacturing
        production and processes.

SEC. 963. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16293.>> CARBON CAPTURE RESEARCH AND
            DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a 10-year carbon
capture research and development program to develop carbon dioxide
capture technologies on combustion-based systems for use--
            (1) in new coal utilization facilities; and
            (2) on the fleet of coal-based units in existence on the
        date of enactment of this Act.

    (b) Objectives.--The objectives of the program under subsection (a)
shall be--
            (1) to develop carbon dioxide capture technologies,
        including adsorption and absorption techniques and chemical
        processes, to remove the carbon dioxide from gas streams
        containing carbon dioxide potentially amenable to sequestration;

[[Page 119 STAT. 892]]

            (2) to develop technologies that would directly produce
        concentrated streams of carbon dioxide potentially amenable to
        sequestration;
            (3) to increase the efficiency of the overall system to
        reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide emissions released from
        the system per megawatt generated; and
            (4) in accordance with the carbon dioxide capture program,
        to promote a robust carbon sequestration program and continue
        the work of the Department, in conjunction with the private
        sector, through regional carbon sequestration partnerships.

    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--From amounts authorized under
section 961(b), the following sums are authorized for activities
described in subsection (a)(2):
            (1) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2006;
            (2) $30,000,000 for fiscal year 2007; and
            (3) $35,000,000 for fiscal year 2008.

SEC. 964. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16294.>> RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR COAL
            MINING TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) Establishment.--The Secretary shall carry out a program for
research and development on coal mining technologies.
    (b) Cooperation.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary shall
cooperate with appropriate Federal agencies, coal producers, trade
associations, equipment manufacturers, institutions of higher education
with mining engineering departments, and other relevant entities.
    (c) Program.--The research and development activities carried out
under this section shall--
            (1) be guided by the mining research and development
        priorities identified by the Mining Industry of the Future
        Program and in the recommendations from relevant reports of the
        National Academy of Sciences on mining technologies;
            (2) include activities exploring minimization of
        contaminants in mined coal that contribute to environmental
        concerns including development and demonstration of
        electromagnetic wave imaging ahead of mining operations;
            (3) develop and demonstrate coal bed electromagnetic wave
        imaging, spectroscopic reservoir analysis technology, and
        techniques for horizontal drilling in order to--
                    (A) identify areas of high coal gas content;
                    (B) increase methane recovery efficiency;
                    (C) prevent spoilage of domestic coal reserves; and
                    (D) minimize water disposal associated with methane
                extraction; and
            (4) expand mining research capabilities at institutions of
        higher education.

SEC. 965. <<NOTE: 42 USC 16295.>> OIL AND GAS RESEARCH PROGRAMS.