[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 198 (Friday, October 12, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 51636-51652]
[FR Doc No: 2018-22162]

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 141

[EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558; FRL-9985-19-OW]

Expedited Approval of Alternative Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants Under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis
and Sampling Procedures

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is announcing the
Agency's approval of alternative testing methods for use in measuring
the levels of contaminants in drinking water and determining compliance
with national primary drinking water regulations. The Safe Drinking
Water Act authorizes the EPA to approve the use of alternative testing
methods through publication in the Federal Register. The EPA is using
this authority to make 100 additional methods available for analyzing
drinking water samples. This expedited approach provides public water
systems, laboratories, and primacy

agencies with more timely access to new measurement techniques and
greater flexibility in the selection of analytical methods, thereby
reducing monitoring costs while maintaining public health protection.

DATES: This action is effective October 12, 2018.

ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a docket for this action under
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558. All documents in the docket are
listed on the https://www.regulations.gov/ Website. Although listed in
the index, some information is not publicly available, e.g.,
confidential business information (CBI) or other information whose
disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as
copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet and will be
publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket
materials are available electronically through https://www.regulations.gov/.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Glynda Smith, Technical Support
Center, Standards and Risk Management Division, Office of Ground Water
and Drinking Water (MS 140), Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West
Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; telephone number:
(513) 569-7652; email address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    Public water systems are the regulated entities required to measure
contaminants in drinking water samples. The EPA Regions as well as
states and tribal governments with authority to administer the
regulatory program for public water systems under the Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA) may also measure contaminants in water samples. When
the EPA sets a monitoring requirement in its national primary drinking
water regulations for a given contaminant, the Agency also establishes
(in the regulations) standardized test procedures for analysis of the
contaminant. This action makes alternative testing methods available
for particular drinking water contaminants beyond the testing methods
currently established in the regulations. The EPA is providing public
water systems, required to test water samples, with a choice of using
either a test procedure already established in the existing regulations
or an alternative testing method that has been approved in this action
or in prior expedited approval actions. Categories and entities that
may ultimately be interested in this expedited methods approval action
include:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Examples of potentially
            Category                regulated entities       NAICS \1\
------------------------------------------------------------------------
State, local, & tribal           State, local, and                924110
 governments.                     tribal governments
                                  that analyze water
                                  samples on behalf of
                                  public water systems
                                  required to conduct
                                  such analysis; state,
                                  local, and tribal
                                  governments that
                                  directly operate
                                  community and non-
                                  transient non-
                                  community water
                                  systems required to
                                  monitor.
Industry.......................  Private operators of             221310
                                  community and non-
                                  transient non-
                                  community water
                                  systems required to
                                  monitor.
Municipalities.................  Municipal operators of           924110
                                  community and non-
                                  transient non-
                                  community water
                                  systems required to
                                  monitor.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.

    This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides
the EPA's guide for readers regarding entities likely to be interested
in this action. Other types of entities not listed in the table may
also have some interest. To determine whether this action may concern
your facility, you should carefully examine the applicability language
in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 40 CFR 141.2 (definition of
a public water system). If you have questions regarding the
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person
listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in This Action

APHA: American Public Health Association
ATP: Alternate Test Procedure
CBI: Confidential Business Information
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations
EPA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NAICS: North American Industry Classification System
QC: Quality Control
QCS: Quality Control Sample
SDWA: The Safe Drinking Water Act
SM: Standard Method
VCSB: Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies

II. Background

A. What is the purpose of this action?

    In this action, the EPA is approving 100 analytical methods for
determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water samples
collected under the SDWA. Regulated entities required to sample and
monitor may use either the testing methods already established in
existing national primary drinking water regulations or the alternative
testing methods being approved under this action or in prior expedited
approval actions. The new methods are listed along with other methods
similarly approved through previous expedited actions in 40 CFR part
141, Appendix A to subpart C and on the EPA's drinking water methods
website at https://www.epa.gov/dwanalyticalmethods.

B. What is the basis for this action?

    When the EPA determines that an alternative analytical method is
``equally effective'' (i.e., as effective as a method that has already
been promulgated in the regulations), the SDWA allows the EPA to
approve the use of the alternative testing method through publication
in the Federal Register (see section 1401(1) of the SDWA). The EPA is
using this approval authority to make 100 additional methods available
for determining contaminant concentrations in drinking water samples
collected under the SDWA. The EPA has determined that, for each
contaminant or group of contaminants listed in Section III of this
action, the additional testing methods being approved are as effective
as one or more of the testing methods already approved in the
regulations for those contaminants. Section 1401(1) of the SDWA states
that the newly approved methods ``shall be treated as an alternative
for public water systems to the quality control and testing procedures
listed in the regulation.'' Accordingly, this action makes these
additional 100 analytical methods legally available as options for
meeting the EPA's monitoring requirements.
    This action does not add regulatory language; however, for
informational purposes, the action updates an appendix to the
regulations at 40 CFR part 141, which lists all methods

approved under section 1401(1) of the SDWA. Accordingly, while this
action is not a rule, it is updating CFR text and therefore is being
published under the ``Final Rules'' section of the Federal Register.

III. Summary of Approvals

    The EPA is approving 100 methods that are equally effective
relative to methods previously promulgated in the regulations. This
action adds these 100 methods to Appendix A to subpart C of 40 CFR part
141.

A. Methods Developed by the EPA

    1. EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0, Determination of Gross Alpha and
Gross Beta in Drinking Water (USEPA 2018). EPA Method 900.0 (USEPA
1980) was promulgated in the drinking water regulations at 40 CFR
141.25(a) as a screening method for alpha- and beta-emitting
radionuclides. EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 was developed in response
to comments from radiochemistry stakeholders indicating that the older,
approved method does not address newer instrumental capabilities such
as simultaneous alpha/beta counting and the concomitant need to
properly address crosstalk. Moreover, stakeholders requested that a
method revision provide more in-depth calibration details and quality
control criteria to assure a more robust procedure capable of yielding
improved consistency in generating and evaluating analytical results.
EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 addresses those concerns and also
corrects specific disparities between requirements in the promulgated
Method 900.0 and the criteria defined in the regulations. For example,
the approved Method 900.0 defines americium-241 as the gross alpha
calibrant. However, americium-241 is not approved in the regulations at
40 CFR 141.25(a); footnote 11 to the table at 40 CFR 141.25(a) states
that only natural uranium and thorium-230 are approved calibration
standards for gross alpha evaporative methods (i.e., Method 900.0).
Americium-241 is only approved as an alpha calibrant for co-
precipitation methods.
    The revised method also addresses the important issue of the time
interval involved between sample preparation and counting. Timing
events can have a significant impact on gross alpha results. The gross
alpha maximum contaminant level specified at 40 CFR 141.66(c) is 15
pCi/L and excludes radon and uranium activity. The promulgated method
specifies a minimum 72-hour hold time after preparation before counting
the samples. Such a delay can allow radon ingrowth along with its
alpha-emitting progeny. The revised method eliminates the hold time in
order to more accurately meet the intent of the gross alpha maximum
contaminant level specification.
    The EPA has determined that EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 is
equally as effective for determining gross alpha and gross beta
radioactivity as the promulgated method. The basis for this
determination is discussed in greater detail in Smith 2018a. Therefore,
the EPA is approving EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0 for the routine
determination of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity in drinking
water. EPA Method 900.0 Rev 1.0 is available at the National Service
Center for Environmental Publications.

B. Methods Developed by Voluntary Consensus Standard Bodies (VCSB)

    1. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater
(Standard Methods). The 23rd edition of Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 2017) was published in July
2017. The EPA compared 89 methods in the 23rd edition to earlier
versions of those methods that are promulgated in 40 CFR parts 141 and
143. Changes between the promulgated version and the version of each
method published in the 23rd edition are summarized in Smith and
Wendelken (2018) and Best (2018). The revisions primarily involve
editorial changes (e.g., correction of errors, procedural
clarifications, and reorganization of text). Errors in the nitrate
methods (4500-NO3- D, E, and F) have been
addressed in an appropriate errata sheet prepared for the 23rd edition
(APHL 2018). The methods in the following table are the same as the
earlier approved versions with respect to the sample handling
protocols, analytical procedures, and method performance data. For
these reasons, the EPA has concluded that the versions in the 23rd
edition are equally effective relative to the promulgated versions in
the regulations. Therefore, the EPA is approving the use of 89 Standard
Methods in the 23rd edition for the contaminants and their respective
regulations listed in the following table:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Standard methods, 23rd edition
           (APHA 2017)                  Approved method              Contaminant          Regulation citations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2120 B...........................  2120 B-01, online version  Color...................  40 CFR 143.4(b).
                                    (APHA 2001a).
2130 B...........................  2130 B-01, online version  Turbidity...............  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
                                    (APHA 2001b).
2150 B...........................  2150 B-97, online version  Odor....................  40 CFR 143.4(b).
                                    (APHA 1997a).
2320 B...........................  2320 B-97, online version  Alkalinity..............  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    (APHA 1997b).
2510 B...........................  2510 B-97, online version  Conductivity............  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    (APHA 1997c).
2540 C...........................  2540 C-97, online version  Total Dissolved Solids..  40 CFR 143.4(b).
                                    (APHA 1997d).
2550.............................  2550-00, online version    Temperature.............  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    (APHA 2000a).
3111 B...........................  3111 B-99, online version  Calcium, copper,          40 CFR 141.23(k)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1999a).              magnesium, nickel,        CFR 143.4(b).
                                                               sodium, iron,
                                                               manganese, silver, zinc.
3111 D...........................  3111 D-99, online version  Barium, aluminum........  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1999a).                                        CFR 143.4(b).
3112 B...........................  3112 B-99, online version  Mercury.................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    (APHA 1999b).

3113 B...........................  3113 B, 19th Edition       Antimony, arsenic,        40 CFR 141.23(k)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1995).               barium, beryllium,        CFR 143.4(b).
                                                               cadmium, chromium,
                                                               copper, lead, nickel,
                                                               selenium, aluminum,
                                                               iron, manganese, silver.
3114 B...........................  3114 B-97, online version  Arsenic, selenium.......  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    (APHA 1997e).
3120 B...........................  3120 B-99, online version  Barium, beryllium,        40 CFR 141.23(k)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1999c).              calcium, chromium,        CFR 143.4(b).
                                                               copper, magnesium,
                                                               nickel, silica,
                                                               aluminum, iron,
                                                               manganese, silver, zinc.
3500-Ca B........................  3500-Ca B-97, online       Calcium.................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    version (APHA 1997f).
3500-Mg B........................  3500-Mg B-97, online       Magnesium...............  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    version (APHA 1997g).
4110 B...........................  4110 B-00, online version  Fluoride, nitrate,        40 CFR 141.23(k)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 2000b).              nitrite, ortho-           CFR 143.4(b).
                                                               phosphate, chloride,
                                                               sulfate.
4500-Cl D, F, G, H...............  4500-Cl D, F, G, H-00,     Free chlorine...........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(2); 40
                                    online versions (APHA                                CFR 141.131(c)(1).
                                    2000c).
4500-Cl D, E, F, G, I............  4500-Cl D, E, F, G, I-00,  Total chlorine..........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(2); 40
                                    online versions (APHA                                CFR 141.131(c)(1).
                                    2000c).
4500-Cl D, F, G..................  4500-Cl D, F, G-00,        Combined chlorine.......  40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).
                                    online versions (APHA
                                    2000c).
4500-Cl- B, D....................  4500-Cl- B, D-97, online   Chloride................  40 CFR 143.4(b).
                                    versions (APHA 1997h).
4500-ClO2 C......................  4500-ClO2 C-00, online     Chlorine dioxide........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).
                                    version (APHA 2000d).
4500-ClO2 E......................  4500-ClO2 E-00, online     Chlorine dioxide........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(2); 40
                                    version (APHA 2000d).                                CFR 141.131(c)(1).
4500-ClO2 E......................  4500-ClO2 E-00, online     Chlorite................  40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).
                                    version (APHA 2000d).
4500-CN- C, E, F, G..............  4500-CN-, 20th Edition     Cyanide.................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
4500-F- B, C, D, E...............  4500-F- B, C, D, E-97,     Fluoride................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    online versions (APHA
                                    1997i).
4500-H+B.........................  4500-H+ B-00, online       pH......................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    version (APHA 2000e).
4500-NO3- D......................  4500-NO3- D-00, online     Nitrate.................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    version (APHA 2000f).
4500-NO3- E, F...................  4500-NO3- E, F-00, online  Nitrate, nitrite........  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    versions (APHA 2000f).
4500-NO2- B......................  4500-NO2- B-00, online     Nitrite.................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    version (APHA 2000g).
4500-O3 B........................  4500-O3 B-97, online       Ozone...................  40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).
                                    version (APHA 1997j).
4500-P E, F......................  4500-P E, F, 19th          Ortho-phosphate.........  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    Edition, (APHA 1995).
4500-SiO2 C, D, E................  4500-SiO2 C, D, E-97,      Silica..................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                    online versions (APHA
                                    1997k).
4500-SO42- C, D, E, F............  4500-SO42- C, D, E, F,     Sulfate.................  40 CFR 143.4(b).
                                    19th Edition (APHA 1995).
5310 B, C........................  5310 B, C-00, online       Dissolved and Total       40 CFR 141.131(d).
                                    versions (APHA 2000h).     Organic Carbon.
5540 C...........................  5540 C-00, online version  Foaming agents..........  40 CFR 143.4(b).
                                    (APHA 2000i).
5910 B...........................  5910 B-00, online version  UV Absorption at 254 nm.  40 CFR 141.131(d).
                                    (APHA 2000j).
6251 B...........................  6251 B-94, online version  HAA5....................  40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).
                                    (APHA 1994).
6610 B...........................  EPA Method 531.2, Rev.     Carbofuran, oxamyl......  40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).
                                    1.0 (USEPA 2001).
6640 B...........................  EPA Method 515.4, Rev.     2,4-D; 2,4,5-TP;          40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).
                                    1.0 (USEPA 2000).          Dalapon; Dinoseb;
                                                               Pentachlorophenol;
                                                               Picloram.
6651 B...........................  6651 B, 20th Edition,      Glyphosate..............  40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
7110 B...........................  7110 B-00, online version  Gross alpha and gross     40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    (APHA 2000k).              beta.
7110 C...........................  7110 C-00, online version  Gross alpha.............  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    (APHA 2000k).
7120.............................  7120-97, online version    Gamma emitters (includes  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    (APHA 1997l).              radioactive cesium and
                                                               iodine).
7500-Cs B........................  7500-Cs B-00, online       Radioactive Cesium and    40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    version (APHA 2000l).      Gamma emitters.

7500-3H B........................  7500-3H B-00, online       Tritium.................  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    version (APHA 2000m).
7500-I B.........................  7500-I B-00, online        Radioactive Iodine and    40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    version (APHA 2000n).      Gamma emitters.
7500-I C, D......................  7500-I C, D-00, online     Radioactive Iodine......  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    versions (APHA 2000n).
7500-Ra B, C.....................  7500-Ra B, C-01, online    Radium-226..............  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    versions (APHA 2001c).
7500-Ra D........................  7500-Ra D-01, online       Radium-228..............  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    version (APHA 2001c).
7500-Ra E........................  GA Method (2004).........  Radium-226 and Radium-    40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                                               228.
7500-Sr B........................  7500-Sr B-01, online       Strontium-89 and          40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    version (APHA 2001d).      Strontium-90.
7500-U B, C......................  7500-U B, C-00, online     Uranium.................  40 CFR 141.25(a).
                                    versions (APHA 2000o).
9221 A, C........................  9221 A, C, 20th Edition,   Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
9221 B...........................  9221 B, 20th Edition,      Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         CFR 141.852(a)(5) [B.1,
                                                                                B.2, B.3, B.4].
9221 D...........................  9221 D, 20th Edition,      Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.852(a)(5)
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         [D.1, D.2, D.3].
9221 E...........................  9221 E, 20th Edition,      Fecal coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
9221 F...........................  9221 F, 20th Edition,      E. coli.................  40 CFR 141.402(c)(2); 40
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         CFR 141.852(a)(5)
                                                                                [F.1].
9222 A...........................  9222 A 20th Edition,       Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
9222 B, C........................  9222 B, C, 20th Edition,   Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         CFR 141.852(a)(5).
9222 D...........................  9222 D, 20th Edition,      Fecal coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
9222 H...........................  9222 G, 20th Edition,      E. coli.................  40 CFR 141.852(a)(5).
                                    (APHA 1998).
9222 I...........................  9222 G, 20th Edition,      E. coli.................  40 CFR 141.402(c)(2); 40
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         CFR 141.852(a)(5).
9222 J...........................  m-ColiBlue24 Test (Hach    Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.852(a)(5).
                                    Company 1999).
9222 J...........................  m-ColiBlue24 Test (Hach    E. coli.................  40 CFR 141.402(c)(2); 40
                                    Company 1999).                                       CFR 141.852(a)(5).
9223 B...........................  9223 B, 20th Edition       Total coliforms.........  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1); 40
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         CFR 141.852(a)(5).
9223 B...........................  9223 B, 20th Edition       E. coli.................  40 CFR 141.402(c)(2); 40
                                    (APHA 1998).                                         CFR 141.852(a)(5).
9215 B...........................  9215 B, 20th Edition       Heterotrophic bacteria..  40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).
                                    (APHA 1998).
9230 C...........................  9230 C, 20th Edition       Enterococci.............  40 CFR 141.402(c)(2).
                                    (APHA 1998).
                                   (Budnick 1996)...........  Enterococci.............  40 CFR 141.402(c)(2).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Two additional methods from earlier editions of Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater are being approved under
this action: Standard Method 4500-CN- C in the 21st edition
(APHA 2005) and Standard Method 4500-CN- C in the 22nd
edition (APHA 2012). Also, the identical online version, Standard
Method 4500-CN- C-99 (APHA 1999d) is being approved. The
originally approved method, Standard Method 4500-CN- C in
the 20th edition (APHA 1998) specified addition of magnesium chloride
in the distillation. Beginning with the 1999 online method, and in the
subsequent 21st and 22nd editions, Standard Methods made the addition
of magnesium chloride optional, without providing supporting data to
verify that distillation efficiency was not adversely affected when
magnesium chloride was not used. As a result, the EPA did not approve
Standard Method 4500-CN- C in the 1999 online method and
subsequent editions of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater. The distillation performed in Standard Method 4500-
CN- C is required prior to conducting the analyses for all
of the other approved cyanide methods. As a result, laboratories
conducting cyanide analyses for drinking water compliance have had to
rely on the approved version in the 20th edition. That may result in
confusion because laboratories that also conduct cyanide analyses for
wastewaters use the more recently published Standard Methods. In order
to address this issue, the EPA is approving Standard Method 4500-
CN- C in the editions and online version as stated above,
but with the requirement to add magnesium chloride in the distillation.
The cyanide entry in Appendix A to subpart C of part 141 has been
revised to clarify this requirement.
    The 23rd edition can be obtained from the American Public Health
Association (APHA), 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20001-3710.
Approved online versions are available at http://www.standardmethods.org.
    2. ASTM International. The EPA compared the most recent versions of
five ASTM International methods to the earlier versions of those
methods that are promulgated in 40 CFR part 141. Most of the changes in
the updated versions include additional quality control specifications.
    Changes between the earlier approved version and the most recent
version of each method are described more fully in Smith (2018b).
Besides additional quality control, the revisions involve (primarily)
editorial changes (e.g., updated references, definitions, terminology,
procedural clarifications, and reorganization of text). The revised
methods are the same as the promulgated versions with respect to sample
collection and handling protocols, sample preparation, analytical
methodology, and method performance data; thus, the EPA finds

that they are equally effective relative to the promulgated methods.
    The EPA is thus approving the use of the following ASTM
International methods for the contaminants and their respective
regulations listed in the following table:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
         ASTM revised version              Approved method            Contaminant          Regulation citations
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D 516-16 (ASTM 2016a)................  D 516-02 (ASTM 2002a)..  Sulfate................  40 CFR 143.4(b).
D 859-16 (ASTM 2016b)................  D 859-00 (ASTM 2000)...  Silica.................  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
D 1067-16 B (ASTM 2016c).............  D 1067-02 B (ASTM        Alkalinity.............  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
                                        2002b).
D 1179-16 B (ASTM 2016d).............  D 1179-99 B (ASTM 1999)  Fluoride...............  40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).
D 5673-16 (ASTM 2016e)...............  D 5673-03 (ASTM 2003)..  Uranium................  40 CFR 141.25(a).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The ASTM methods are available from ASTM International, 100 Barr
Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or http://www.astm.org.

C. Methods Developed by Vendors

    1. Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0. Determination of Turbidity by
360[deg] Nephelometry, March 2018 (Hach Company 2018a). In July 2016,
Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0 (Hach Company 2016) was approved in an
expedited methods approval action (USEPA 2016) as an equally effective
alternate method to the Hach FilterTrak Method 10133 (Hach Company
2000), which is approved at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1), for determination of
turbidity in drinking water.
    Turbidimeter calibration and calibration verification have remained
unchanged since promulgation of turbidity methods in 40 CFR
141.74(a)(1). Calibration and quarterly calibration validation through
analysis of a Quality Control Sample (QCS) require preparation of a
primary calibration standard. Sealed standards are considered as
secondary calibration standards and used only as calibration
verification checks between the quarterly calibration validation QCS
evaluations.
    Public water systems utilize multiple turbidimeters and many of the
units are in line with process streams. The time and cost associated
with preparing quarterly primary calibration standards can be
significant. In 2016, Hach Company began to manufacture glass flame-
sealed vials prefilled with StablCalTM, which is an approved
primary calibration standard. From December 2016 through March 2018,
Hach conducted a long-term stability study with a set of sealed vials
containing StablCal to determine whether the integrity of the vials and
stability of the primary calibration standard could be maintained.
After 515 days (1.4 years), the sealed StablCal primary calibration
standards exhibited a %bias of <0.1% and relative standard deviation of
0.7% compared to the initial certified turbidity values, indicating
that no degradation of the StablCal primary calibration standard
occurred. The results of this study are discussed further in the
validation report (Hach Company 2018b).
    Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0 is an updated version of the
promulgated Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0. The updated method provides
for use of glass flame-sealed vials prefilled with StablCal as primary
calibration standards, secondary calibration verification standards,
and QCS checks. The EPA has determined that Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0
is equally as effective as the promulgated Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0.
The basis for this determination is discussed in Adams and Smith
(2018). Therefore, the EPA is approving Hach Method 10258, Rev. 2.0 for
the determination of turbidity in drinking water. Hach Method 10258,
Rev. 2.0 can be obtained from Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O.
Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539.
    2. Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0. Determination of Turbidity by
Nephelometry, March 2018 (Hach Company 2018c). On April 20, 1998, the
EPA Office of Water issued a letter (USEPA 1998) addressing the use of
Hach Method 8195 (Hach Company 1997) as an alternate method to EPA
Method 180.1 (USEPA 1993) for drinking water compliance monitoring of
turbidity. Hach Method 8195 established the same requirements for
primary calibration standards, secondary calibration verification
standards, and QCS checks as described for Hach Method 10258, Rev. 1.0
in Section III.C.1 of this action. Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0 is an
updated version of the 1997 Hach Method 8195. The updated method
provides for use of glass flame-sealed vials prefilled with StablCal as
primary calibration standards, secondary calibration verification
standards, and QCS checks. The EPA has determined that Hach Method
8195, Rev. 3.0 is equally as effective as the 1997 Hach Method 8195 and
EPA Method 180.1. The basis for this determination is discussed in
Adams and Smith (2018). Therefore, the EPA is approving Hach Method
8195, Rev. 3.0 for the determination of turbidity in drinking water.
Hach Method 8195, Rev. 3.0 can be obtained from Hach Company, 5600
Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80539.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    As noted in Section II of this action, under the terms of the SDWA,
section 1401(1), this streamlined method approval action is not a rule.
Accordingly, the Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as
added by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996, does not apply because this action is not a rule for purposes of
5 U.S.C. 804(3). Similarly, this action is not subject to the
Regulatory Flexibility Act because it is not subject to notice and
comment requirements under the Administrative Procedure Act or any
other statute. In addition, because this approval action is not a rule,
but simply makes alternative testing methods available as options for
monitoring under the SDWA, the EPA has concluded that other statutes
and executive orders generally applicable to rulemaking do not apply to
this approval action.

V. References

Adams and Smith. 2018. Memo to the record describing basis for
expedited approval of Hach Company Methods 10258, Rev. 2.0 and 8195,
Rev. 3.0. July 29, 2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;
docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1994. Standard Method
6251 B-94. Disinfection By-Products: Haloacetic Acids and
Trichlorophenol. B. Micro Liquid-Liquid Extraction Gas
Chromatographic Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1994.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Associate (APHA). 1995. 19th Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997a. Standard Method
2150 B-97.

Odor. B. Threshold Odor Test. Approved by Standard Methods Committee
1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997b. Standard Method
2320 B-97. Alkalinity. B. Titration Method. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997c. Standard Method
2510 B-97. Conductivity. B. Laboratory Method. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997d. Standard Method
2540 C-97. Solids. C. Total Dissolved Solids Dried at 180 [deg]C.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online
(Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997e. Standard Method
3114 B-97. Arsenic and Selenium by Hydride Generation/Atomic
Emission Spectrometry. B. Manual Hydride Generation/Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods
Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997f. Standard Method
3500-Ca B-97. Calcium. B. EDTA Titrimetric Method. Approved by
Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available
at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997g. Standard Method
3500-Mg B-97. Magnesium. B. Calculation Method. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997h. Standard Methods
4500-Cl- B, D-97. Chloride. B. Argentometric Method. D.
Potentiometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997i. Standard Methods
4500-F- B, C, D, E-97. Fluoride. B. Preliminary
Distillation Step. C. Ion-Selective Electrode Method. D. SPADNS
Method. E. Complexone Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee
1997. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997j. Standard Method
4500-O3 B-97. Ozone (Residual). B. Indigo Colorimetric
Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard
Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997k. Standard Methods
4500-SiO2 C, D, E-97. Silica. C. Molybdosilicate Method.
D. Heteropoly Blue Method. E. Automated Method for Molybdate-
Reactive Silica. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1997l. Standard Method
7120 B-97. Gamma-Emitting Radionuclides. B. Gamma Spectroscopic
Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1997. Standard
Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1998. 20th Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999a. Standard Methods
3111 B, D-99. Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. B.
Direct Air-Acetylene Flame Method. D. Direct Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene
Flame Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard
Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999b. Standard method
3112 B-99. Metals by Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. B.
Cold-Vapor Spectrometric Method. Approved by Standard Methods
Committee 1999. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999c. Standard Method
3120 B-99. Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy. B. Inductively
Coupled Plasma (ICP) Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee
1999. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 1999d. Standard Method
4500-CN- C-99. Cyanide. C. Total Cyanide after
Distillation. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 1999. Standard
Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000a. Standard Method
2550-00. Temperature. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000b. Standard Method
4110 B-00. Determination of Anions by Ion Chromatography. B. Ion
Chromatography with Chemical Suppression of Eluent Conductivity.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online
(Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000c. Standard Methods
4500-Cl D, E, F, G, H, I-00. Chlorine (Residual). D. Amperometric
Titration Method. E. Low-Level Amperometric Titration Method. F. DPD
Ferrous Titrimetric Method. G. DPD Colorimetric Method. H.
Syringaldehyde (FACTS) Method. I. Iodometric Electrode Technique.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online
(Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000d. Standard Methods
4500-ClO2 C, E-00. Chlorine Dioxide. C. Amperometric
Method I. E. Amperometric Method II. Approved by Standard Methods
Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000e. Standard Method
4500-H\+\ B-00. pH Value. B. Electrometric Method. Approved by
Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available
at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000f. Standard Methods
4500-NO3- D, E, F-00. Nitrogen (Nitrate). D.
Nitrate Electrode Method. E. Cadmium Reduction Method. F. Automated
Cadmium Reduction Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee
2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000g. Standard Method
4500-NO2- B-00. Nitrogen (Nitrite). B.
Colorimetric Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000h. Standard Methods
5310 B, C-00. Total Organic Carbon (TOC). B. High Temperature
Combustion Method. C. Persulfate-Ultraviolet or Heated Persulfate
Oxidation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000i. Standard Method
5540 C-00. Surfactants. C. Anionic Surfactants as MBAs. Approved by
Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available
at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000j. Standard Method
5910 B-00. UV-Absorbing Organic Constituents. B. Ultraviolet
Absorption Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000k. Standard Methods
7110 B,C-00. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity (Total,
Suspended, and Dissolved). B. Evaporation Method for Gross Alpha-
Beta. C. Coprecipitation Method for Alpha Radioactivity in Drinking
Water. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods
Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000l. Standard Method
7500-Cs B-00. Radioactive Cesium. B. Precipitation Method. Approved
by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online
(Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)

American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000m. Standard Method
7500-\3\H B-00. Tritium. Liquid Scintillation Spectrometric Method.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online
(Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000n. Standard Methods
7500-I B, C, D-00. Radioactive Iodine. B. Precipitation Method. C.
Ion-Exchange Method. D. Distillation Method. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 2000. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2000o. Standard Methods
7500-U B, C-00. Uranium. B. Radiochemical Method. C. Isotopic
Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000. Standard
Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001a. Standard Method
2120 B-01. Color. B. Visual Comparison Method. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 2001. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001b. Standard Method
2130 B-01. Turbidity. B. Nephelometric Method. Approved by Standard
Methods Committee 2001. Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001c. Standard Methods
7500-Ra B, C, D, E-01. Radium. B. Precipitation Method. C. Emanation
Method. D. Sequential Precipitation. E. Gamma Spectroscopy Method.
Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2001. Standard Methods Online
(Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2001d. Standard Method
7500-Sr B-01. Total Radioactive Strontium and Strontium-90. B.
Precipitation Method. Approved by Standard Methods Committee 2000.
Standard Methods Online (Available at http://www.standardmethods.org)
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2005. 21st Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2012. 22nd Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2017. 23rd Edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater.
American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW, Washington, DC
20001-3710.
American Public Health Association (APHA). 2018. Errata Sheet for
the 23rd Edition of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water
and Wastewater. American Public Health Association, 800 I Street NW,
Washington, DC 20001-3710.
ASTM International. 1999. ASTM D 1179-99 B. Standard Test Methods
for Fluoride Ion in Water. B. Ion-Selective Electrode. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2000. ASTM D 859-00. Standard Test Method for
Silica in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2002a. ASTM D 516-02. Standard Test Method for
Sulfate in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2002b. ASTM D 1067-02 B. Standard Test Methods
for Acidity or Alkalinity in Water. B. Electrometric or Color-Change
Titration. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2003. ASTM D 5673-03. Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016a. ASTM D 516-16. Standard Test Method for
Sulfate in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016b. ASTM D 859-16. Standard Test Method for
Silica in Water. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016c. ASTM D 1067-16 B. Standard Test Methods
for Acidity or Alkalinity in Water. B. Electrometric or Color-Change
Titration. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016d. ASTM D 1179-16 B. Standard Test Methods
for Fluoride in Water. B. Ion-Selective Electrode. ASTM
International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
ASTM International. 2016e. ASTM D 5673-16. Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry.
ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959. (Available at http://www.astm.org.)
Best, J. 2018. Memo to the record describing the basis for expedited
approval of microbiology methods in the 23rd edition of Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. August 28,
2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Budnick. 1996. Evaluation of Enterolert for Enumeration of
Enterococci in Recreational Waters, Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, October 1996, p. 3881-3884.
GA. 2004. Method for the Determination of Radium-228 and Radium-226
in Drinking Water by Gamma-ray Spectrometry using HPGE or Ge(Li)
Detectors. December 2004. Revision 1.2. Environmental Resource
Center, Georgia Institute for Technology, 620 Cherry Street,
Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0335. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 1997. Hach Method 8195--Determination of Turbidity by
Nephelometry. December 1997. Revision 1.0. Hach Company, 5600
Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at
http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 1999. Total Coliforms and E. coli Membrane Filtration
Method m-ColiBlue24[supreg] Broth. August 1999. Revision 2. Hach
Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539.
(Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2000. Hach FilterTrak Method 10133--Determination of
Turbidity by Laser Nephelometry. January 2000. Revision 2.0. Hach
Company, 5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539.
(Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2016. Hach Method 10258--Determination of Turbidity by
360[deg] Nephelometry. January 2016. Revision 1.0. Hach Company,
5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available
at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2018a. Hach Method 10258--Determination of Turbidity
by 360[deg] Nephelometry. March 2018. Revision 2.0. Hach Company,
5600 Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available
at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2018b. Alternate Test Procedure Validation Study
Report for the use of Sealed Vials Containing StablCalTM
Primary Standard in Hach Methods 10258 and 8195 for Determination of
Turbidity in Drinking Water. March 16, 2018. Hach Company, 5600
Lindbergh Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at
http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Hach Company. 2018c. Hach Method 8195--Determination of Turbidity by
Nephelometry. March 2018. Revision 3.0. Hach Company, 5600 Lindbergh
Drive, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO 80539. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Smith, G. 2018a. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of EPA Method 900.0, Revision 1.0. April 4, 2018.
(Available at http://

www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
Smith, G. 2018b. Memo to the record describing basis for expedited
approval of updated methods from ASTM International. April 6, 2018.
(Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-
2018-0558.)
Smith, G. and Wendelken, S. 2018. Memo to the record describing
basis for expedited approval of methods in the 23rd edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. March
29, 2018. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OW-2019-0558.)
USEPA. 1980. EPA Method 900.0. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity in Drinking Water in ``Prescribed Procedures for
Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking Water,'' EPA-600/4-80-032,
August 1980. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
USEPA. 1993. EPA Method 180.1, Revision 2.0. Determination of
Turbidity by Nephelometry in ``Methods for the Determination of
Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples,'' EPA/600/R-93/100,
August 1993. (Available at https://www.nemi.gov; docket ID No. EPA-
HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
USEPA. 1998. Letter issued to Hach Company, Regional Administrators,
Regional Quality Assurance Managers and Regional Water Management
Division Directors allowing the use of Hach Company Method 8195,
Rev. 1.0 for drinking water compliance turbidity measurements. April
20, 1998. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OW-2019-0558.)
USEPA. 2000. EPA Method 515.4, Revision 1.0. Determination of
Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid
Microextraction, Derivatization and Fast Gas Chromatography with
Electron Capture Detection. EPA/815/B-00/001. April 2000. (Available
at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558 and
at https://www.nemi.gov.)
USEPA. 2001. EPA Method 531.2, Revision 1.0. Measurement of N-
methylcarbamoyloximes and N-methylcarbamates in Water by Direct
Aqueous Injection HPLC with Postcolumn Derivatization. EPA 815-B-01-
002. September 2001. (Available at http://www.regulations.gov;
docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558 and at https://www.nemi.gov .)
USEPA. 2016. Expedited Approval of Alternate Test Procedures for the
Analysis of Contaminants under the Safe Drinking Water Act; Analysis
and Sampling Procedures. 81 FR 46839. July 19, 2016. (Available at
http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558.)
USEPA. 2018 EPA Method 900.0, Rev. 1.0. Gross Alpha and Gross Beta
Radioactivity in Drinking Water. EPA 815-B-18-002. February 2018.
(Available at Available at http://www.regulations.gov; docket ID No.
EPA-HQ-OW-2018-0558 and at the National Service Center for
Environmental Publications (EPA Method 900.0 Rev 1.0).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 141

    Environmental protection, Chemicals, Indians-lands,
Intergovernmental relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements,
Water supply.

    Dated: September 28, 2018.
Peter Grevatt,
Director, Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water.

    For the reasons stated in the preamble, the Environmental
Protection Agency amends 40 CFR part 141 as follows:

PART 141--NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS

0
1. The authority citation for part 141 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 300f, 300g-1, 300g-2, 300g-3, 300g-4, 300g-
5, 300g-6, 300j-4, 300j-9, and 300j-11.

0
2. Amend Appendix A to subpart C of part 141 as follows:
0
a. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1).''
0
b. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1).''
0
c. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.25(a).''
0
d. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1).''
0
e. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2).''
0
f. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1).''
0
g. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
DISINFECTANT RESIDUALS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1).''
0
h. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
PARAMETERS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.131(d).''
0
i. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.402(c)(2).''
0
j. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 141.852(a)(5).''
0
k. Revise the table entitled ``ALTERNATIVE TESTING METHODS FOR
CONTAMINANTS LISTED AT 40 CFR 143.4(b).''
0
l. Revise footnotes 9, 14, 16, 18, 22-23, 25-26, 29, 31, 34-39, and 48.
0
m. Add footnotes 49-52.
    The revisions and additions read as follows:

Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 141--Alternative Testing Methods
Approved for Analyses Under the Safe Drinking Water Act

* * * * *

                                                           Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.23(k)(1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                SM 21st edition  SM 22nd edition  SM 23rd edition
           Contaminant                   Methodology              EPA method             \1\              \28\             \49\        SM Online \3\          ASTM \4\               Other
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Alkalinity......................  Titrimetric.............  .....................  2320 B.........  2320 B.........  2320 B.........  ...............  D1067-06 B, 11 B, 16
                                                                                B
Antimony........................  Hydride--Atomic           .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 3697-07, -12
                                   Absorption.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Arsenic.........................  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10  D 2972-08 C, -15 C
                                   Furnace.
                                  Hydride Atomic            .....................  3114 B.........  3114 B.........  3114 B.........  3114 B-09......  D 2972-08 B, -15 B...  ..................
                                   Absorption.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Barium..........................  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3111 D.........  3111 D.........  3111 D
                                   Direct.

                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Beryllium.......................  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10  D 3645-08 B, -15 B
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Cadmium.........................  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Calcium.........................  EDTA titrimetric........  .....................  3500-Ca B......  3500-Ca B......  3500-Ca B......  ...............  D 511-09, -14 A
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  ...............  D 511-09, -14 B
                                   Direct Aspiration.
                                  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
                                  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 6919-09
Chromium........................  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Copper..........................  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10  D 1688-07, -12 C
                                   Furnace.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  ...............  D 1688-07, -12 A
                                   Direct Aspiration.
                                  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
                                  Colorimetry.............  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  .....................  Hach Method 8026;
                                                                                \35\ Hach Method
                                                                                10272.\36\
Conductivity....................  Conductance.............  .....................  2510 B.........  2510 B.........  2510 B.........  ...............  D 1125-14 A
Cyanide.........................  Manual Distillation with  .....................  4500-CN- C.....  4500-CN- C.....  4500-CN- C.....  4500-CN- C-99..  D 2036-06 A
                                   MgCl2 followed by:.
                                     Spectrophotometric,    .....................  4500-CN- G.....  4500-CN- G.....  4500-CN- G.....  ...............  D 2036-06 B
                                      Amenable.
                                     Spectrophotometric     .....................  4500-CN- E.....  4500-CN- E.....  4500-CN- E.....  ...............  D2036-06 A
                                      Manual.
                                  Selective Electrode.....  .....................  4500-CN- F.....  4500-CN- F.....  4500-CN- F
                                  Gas Chromatography/Mass   .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  .....................  ME355.01.\7\
                                   Spectrometry Headspace.
Fluoride........................  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  ...............  D 4327-11
                                  Manual Distillation;      .....................  4500-F- B, D...  4500-F- B, D...  4500-F- B, D
                                   Colorimetric SPADNS.
                                  Manual Electrode........  .....................  4500-F- C......  4500-F- C......  4500-F- C......  ...............  D 1179-04, 10 B, 16 B
                                  Automated Alizarin......  .....................  4500-F- E......  4500-F- E......  4500-F- E
                                  Arsenite-Free             .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  .....................  Hach SPADNS 2
                                   Colorimetric SPADNS.                                                                                Method 10225.\22\
Lead............................  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10  D 3559-08 D, 15 D
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Magnesium.......................  Atomic Absorption.......  .....................  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  ...............  D 511-09, -14 B
                                  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Complexation Titrimetric  .....................  3500-Mg B......  3500-Mg B......  3500-Mg B......  ...............  D 511-09, -14 A
                                   Methods.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
                                  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 6919-09
Mercury.........................  Manual, Cold Vapor......  .....................  3112 B.........  3112 B.........  3112 B.........  3112 B-09......  D 3223-12
Nickel..........................  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  3111 B
                                   Direct.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Nitrate.........................  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  ...............  D 4327-11
                                  Automated Cadmium         .....................  4500-NO3- F....  4500-NO3- F....  4500-NO3- F
                                   Reduction.
                                  Manual Cadmium Reduction  .....................  4500-NO3- E....  4500-NO3- E....  4500-NO3- E
                                  Ion Selective Electrode.  .....................  4500-NO3- D....  4500-NO3- D....  4500-NO3- D
                                  Reduction/Colorimetric..  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  .....................  Systea Easy
                                                                                (1-Reagent); \8\
                                                                                NECi Nitrate-
                                                                                Reductase.\40\
                                  Colorimetric; Direct....  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  .....................  Hach TNTplusTM 835/
                                                                                836 Method
                                                                                10206.\23\
                                  Capillary Ion             .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 6508-15
                                   Electrophoresis.
Nitrite.........................  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  ...............  D 4327-11

                                  Automated Cadmium         .....................  4500-NO3- F....  4500-NO3- F....  4500-NO3- F
                                   Reduction.
                                  Manual Cadmium Reduction  .....................  4500-NO3- E....  4500-NO3- E....  4500-NO3- E
                                  Spectrophotometric......  .....................  4500-NO2- B....  4500-NO2- B....  4500-NO2- B
                                  Reduction/Colorimetric..  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  .....................  Systea Easy (1-
                                                                                Reagent); \8\
                                                                                NECi Nitrate-
                                                                                Reductase.\40\
                                  Capillary Ion             .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 6508-15
                                   Electrophoresis.
Ortho-phosphate.................  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  4110 B.........  ...............  D 4327-11
                                  Colorimetric, ascorbic    .....................  4500-P E.......  4500-P E.......  4500-P E.......  4500-P E-99
                                   acid, single reagent.
                                  Colorimetric, Automated,  .....................  4500-P F.......  4500-P F.......  4500-P F.......  4500-P F-99....  .....................  Thermo Fisher
                                   Ascorbic Acid.                                                                                Discrete
                                                                                Analyzer.\41\
                                  Capillary Ion             .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 6508-15
                                   Electrophoresis.
pH..............................  Electrometric...........  150.3 \48\...........  4500-H+ B......  4500-H+ B......  4500-H+ B......  ...............  D 1293-12
Selenium........................  Hydride-Atomic            .....................  3114 B.........  3114 B.........  3114 B.........  3114 B-09......  D 3859-08 A, -15 A
                                   Absorption.
                                  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B.........  3113 B-04, B-10  D 3859-08 B, -15 B
                                   Furnace.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
Silica..........................  Colorimetric............  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D859-05, 10, 16
                                  Molybdosilicate.........  .....................  4500-SiO2 C....  4500-SiO2 C....  4500-SiO2 C
                                  Heteropoly blue.........  .....................  4500-SiO2 D....  4500-SiO2 D....  4500-SiO2 D
                                  Automated for Molybdate-  .....................  4500-SiO2 E....  4500-SiO2 E....  4500-SiO2 E
                                   reactive Silica.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
                                  Inductively Coupled       .....................  3120 B.........  3120 B.........  3120 B
                                   Plasma.
Sodium..........................  Atomic Absorption;        .....................  3111 B.........  3111 B.........  3111 B
                                   Direct Aspiration.
                                  Axially viewed            200.5, Revision 4.2
                                   inductively coupled       \2\
                                   plasma-atomic emission
                                   spectrometry (AVICP-
                                   AES).
                                  Ion Chromatography......  .....................  ...............  ...............  ...............  ...............  D 6919-09
Temperature.....................  Thermometric............  .....................  2550...........  2550...........  2550...........  2550-10
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                       Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.24(e)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                SM 22nd
                                                                                SM 21st edition  edition,\28\ SM
          Contaminant                       Methodology                    EPA method               \1\          23rd edition         SM online \3\
                                                                                \49\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benzene........................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Carbon tetrachloride...........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Chlorobenzene..................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichlorobenzene............  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,4-Dichlorobenzene............  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichloroethane.............  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
cis-Dichloroethylene...........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
trans-Dichloroethylene.........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Dichloromethane................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,2-Dichloropropane............  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Ethylbenzene...................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Styrene........................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,;\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Tetrachloroethylene............  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,1,1-Trichloroethane..........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Trichloroethylene..............  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Toluene........................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene.........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,1-Dichloroethylene...........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
1,1,2-Trichlorethane...........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Vinyl chloride.................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Xylenes (total)................  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3,\9\ 524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
2,4-D..........................  Gas Chromatography/Electron        ........................  6640 B.........  6640 B.........  6640 B-01, B-06.
                                  Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
2,4,5-TP (Silvex)..............  Gas Chromatography/Electron        ........................  6640 B.........  6640 B.........  6640 B-01, B-06.
                                  Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
Alachlor.......................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Atrazine.......................  Liquid Chromatography              536.\25\
                                  Electrospray Ionization Tandem
                                  Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS).
                                 Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3,\24\..............  523.\26\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Benzo(a)pyrene.................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Carbofuran.....................  High-performance liquid            ........................  6610 B.........  6610 B.........  6610 B-04.
                                  chromatography (HPLC) with post-
                                  column derivatization and
                                  fluorescence detection.
Chlordane......................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Dalapon........................  Ion Chromatography Electrospray    557.\14\
                                  Ionization Tandem Mass
                                  Spectrometry (IC-ESI-MS/MS).

                                 Gas Chromatography/Electron        ........................  6640 B.........  6640 B.........  6640 B-01, B-06.
                                  Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate........  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate......  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP)....  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3.\9\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Dinoseb........................  Gas Chromatography/Electron        ........................  6640 B.........  6640 B.........  6640 B-01, B-06.
                                  Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
Endrin.........................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Ethyl dibromide (EDB)..........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3.\9\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
Glyphosate.....................  High-Performance Liquid            ........................  6651 B.........  6651 B.........  6651 B-00, B-05.
                                  Chromatography (HPLC) with Post-
                                  Column Derivatization and
                                  Fluorescence Detection.
Heptachlor.....................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Heptachlor Epoxide.............  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Hexachlorobenzene..............  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene.....  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Lindane........................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Methoxychlor...................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Oxamyl.........................  High-performance liquid            ........................  6610 B.........  6610 B.........  6610 B-04.
                                  chromatography (HPLC) with post-
                                  column derivatization and
                                  fluorescence detection.
PCBs (as Aroclors).............  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Pentachlorophenol..............  Gas Chromatography/Electron        ........................  6640 B.........  6640 B.........  6640 B-01, B-06.
                                  Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
                                 Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS)
Picloram.......................  Gas Chromatography/Electron        ........................  6640 B.........  6640 B.........  6640 B-01, B-06.
                                  Capture Detection (GC/ECD).
Simazine.......................  Liquid Chromatography              536.\25\
                                  Electrospray Ionization Tandem
                                  Mass Spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS).
                                 Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\                523.\26\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Toxaphene......................  Solid Phase Extraction/Gas         525.3.\24\
                                  Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
                                  (GC/MS).
Total Trihalomethanes..........  Purge &Trap/Gas Chromatography/    524.3.\9\...............  524.4.\29\
                                  Mass Spectrometry.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                             Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.25(a)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                SM 22nd
            Contaminant                  Methodology                EPA method          SM 21st  edition \1\    edition,\28\  SM               ASTM \4\                    SM Online \3\
                                                                                23rd  edition \49\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naturally Occurring:
    Gross alpha and beta..........  Evaporation..........  900.0, Rev. 1.0 \50\.......  7110 B..............  7110 B..............
                                    Liquid Scintillation.  ...........................  ....................  ....................  D 7283-17....................  7110 D-17.
    Gross alpha...................  Coprecipitation......  ...........................  7110 C..............  7110 C..............
    Radium 226....................  Radon emanation......  ...........................  7500-Ra C...........  7500-Ra C...........  D 3454-05....................
                                    Radiochemical........  ...........................  7500-Ra B...........  7500-Ra B...........  D 2460-07....................
                                    Gamma Spectrometry...  ...........................  ....................  7500-Ra E...........  .............................  7500-Ra E-07.
    Radium 228....................  Radiochemical........  ...........................  7500-Ra D...........  7500-Ra D...........
                                    Gamma Spectrometry...  ...........................  ....................  7500Ra-E............  .............................  7500-Ra E-07.
    Uranium.......................  Radiochemical........  ...........................  7500-U B............  7500-U B............
                                    ICP-MS...............  ...........................  3125................  ....................  D 5673-05, 10, 16............
                                    Alpha spectrometry...  ...........................  7500-U C............  7500-U C............  D 3972-09....................
                                    Laser Phosphorimetry.  ...........................  ....................  ....................  D 5174-07....................
                                    Alpha Liquid           ...........................  ....................  ....................  D 6239-09....................
                                     Scintillation
                                     Spectrometry.
Man-Made:
    Radioactive Cesium............  Radiochemical........  ...........................  7500-Cs B...........  7500-Cs B...........
                                    Gamma Ray              ...........................  7120................  7120................  D 3649-06....................
                                     Spectrometry.
    Radioactive Iodine............  Radiochemical........  ...........................  7500-I B............  7500-I B............  D 3649-06....................
                                                                                7500-I C............  7500-I C............
                                                                                7500-I D............  7500-I D............
                                    Gamma Ray              ...........................  7120................  7120................  D 4785-08....................
                                     Spectrometry.
    Radioactive Strontium 89, 90..  Radiochemical........  ...........................  7500-Sr B...........  7500-Sr B...........
    Tritium.......................  Liquid Scintillation.  ...........................  7500-\3\H B.........  7500-\3\H B.........  D 4107-08....................
    Gamma Emitters................  Gamma Ray............  ...........................  7120................  7120................  D 3649-06....................
                                    Spectrometry.........  ...........................  7500-Cs B...........  7500-Cs B...........  D 4785-08....................
                                                                                7500-I B............  7500-I B............
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                       Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                       SM 21st edition    SM 22nd edition    SM 23rd edition
            Organism                 Methodology             \1\                \28\               \49\          SM Online \3\             Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Coliform.................  Total Coliform      9221 A, B, C......  9221 A, B, C.....  9221 A, B, C.....  9221 A,B,C-06....  ......................
                                  Fermentation
                                  Technique.
                                 Total Coliform      9222 A, B, C......  .................  9222 A, B, C.
                                  Membrane Filter
                                  Technique.
                                 ONPG-MUG Test.....  9223..............  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B-04.
Fecal Coliforms................  Fecal Coliform      9221 E............  9221 E...........  9221 E...........  9221 E-06.
                                  Procedure.
                                 Fecal Coliform      9222 D............  9222 D...........  9222 D...........  9222 D-06.
                                  Filter Procedure.
Heterotrophic bacteria.........  Pour Plate Method.  9215 B............  9215 B...........  9215 B...........  9215 B-04.
Turbidity......................  Nephelometric       2130 B............  2130 B...........  2130 B...........  .................  Hach Method 8195, Rev.
                                  Method.                                                                                3.0.\52\
                                 Laser Nephelometry  ..................  .................  .................  .................  Mitchell M5271,\10\
                                  (on-line).                                                                                Mitchell M5331, Rev.
                                                                                1.2,\42\ Lovibond PTV
                                                                                6000.\46\
                                 LED Nephelometry    ..................  .................  .................  .................  Mitchell M5331,\11\
                                  (on-line).                                                                                Mitchell M5331, Rev.
                                                                                1.2,\42\ Lovibond PTV
                                                                                2000.\45\
                                 LED Nephelometry    ..................  .................  .................  .................  AMI Turbiwell,\15\
                                  (on-line).                                                                                Lovibond PTV
                                                                                1000.\44\
                                 LED Nephelometry    ..................  .................  .................  .................  Orion AQ4500.\12\
                                  (portable).
                                 360[deg]            ..................  .................  .................  .................  Hach Method 10258 Rev.
                                  Nephelometry.                                                                                1.0,\39\ Hach Method
                                                                                10258, Rev. 2.0.\51\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                  Alternative Testing Methods for Disinfectant Residuals Listed at 40 CFR 141.74(a)(2)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                SM 22nd edition,\28\
              Residual                     Methodology         SM 21st edition \1\    SM 23rd edition \49\         ASTM \4\                Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free Chlorine......................  Amperometric Titration  4500-Cl D.............  4500-Cl D............  D 1253-08, -14.......  .....................
                                     DPD Ferrous             4500-Cl F.............  4500-Cl F............  .....................  .....................
                                      Titrimetric.
                                     DPD Colorimetric......  4500-Cl G.............  4500-Cl G............  .....................  Hach Method
                                                                                10260.\31\
                                     Indophenol              ......................  .....................  .....................  Hach Method
                                      Colorimetric.                                                                                10241.\34\
                                     Syringaldazine (FACTS)  4500-Cl H.............  4500-Cl H............  .....................  .....................
                                     On-line Chlorine        ......................  .....................  .....................  EPA 334.0.\16\
                                      Analyzer.
                                     Amperometric Sensor...  ......................  .....................  .....................  ChloroSense.\17\
Total Chlorine.....................  Amperometric Titration  4500-Cl D.............  4500-Cl D............  D 1253-08, -14.......  .....................
                                     Amperometric Titration  4500-Cl E.............  4500-Cl E.
                                      (Low level
                                      measurement).
                                     DPD Ferrous             4500-Cl F.............  4500-Cl F.
                                      Titrimetric.
                                     DPD Colorimetric......  4500-Cl G.............  4500-Cl G............  .....................  Hach Method
                                                                                10260.\31\
                                     Iodometric Electrode..  4500-Cl I.............  4500-Cl I.
                                     On-line Chlorine        ......................  .....................  .....................  EPA 334.0.\16\
                                      Analyzer.
                                     Amperometric Sensor...  ......................  .....................  .....................  ChloroSense.\17\
Chlorine Dioxide...................  Amperometric Titration  4500-ClO2 C...........  4500-ClO2 C.
                                     Amperometric Titration  4500-ClO2 E...........  4500-ClO2 E.
                                     Amperometric Sensor...  ......................  .....................  .....................  ChlordioX Plus.\32\
Ozone..............................  Indigo Method.........  4500-O3 B.............  4500-O3 B.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                                           Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(b)(1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                SM 22nd
           Contaminant                 Methodology           EPA method            ASTM \4\          SM online \3\     SM 21st edition \1\    edition,\28\ SM                 Other
                                                                                23rd edition \49\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TTHM.............................  P&T/GC/MS..........  524.3,\9\
                                                         524.4.\29\
HAA5.............................  LLE (diazomethane)/  ...................  ...................  6251 B-07..........  6251 B.............  6251 B.
                                    GC/ECD.
                                   Ion Chromatography   557.\14\
                                    Electrospray
                                    Ionization Tandem
                                    Mass Spectrometry
                                    (IC-ESI-MS/MS).
                                   Two-Dimensional Ion  ...................  ...................  ...................  ...................  ...................  Thermo Fisher 557.1.\47\
                                    Chromatography
                                    (IC) with
                                    Suppressed
                                    Conductivity
                                    Detection.
Bromate..........................  Two-Dimensional Ion  302.0.\18\
                                    Chromatography
                                    (IC).
                                   Ion Chromatography   557.\14\
                                    Electrospray
                                    Ionization Tandem
                                    Mass Spectrometry
                                    (IC-ESI-MS/MS).
                                   Chemically           ...................  D 6581-08 A.
                                    Suppressed Ion
                                    Chromatography.
                                   Electrolytically     ...................  D 6581-08 B.
                                    Suppressed Ion
                                    Chromatography.

Chlorite.........................  Chemically           ...................  D 6581-08 A.
                                    Suppressed Ion
                                    Chromatography.
                                   Electrolytically     ...................  D 6581-08 B.
                                    Suppressed Ion
                                    Chromatography.
Chlorite--                         daily monitoring as  Amperometric         ...................  ...................  4500-ClO2 E........  4500-ClO2 E.
                                    prescribed in 40     Titration.
                                    CFR
                                    141.132(b)(2)(i)(A
                                    ).
                                   Amperometric Sensor  ...................  ...................  ...................  ...................  ...................  ChlordioX Plus.\32\
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                  Alternative Testing Methods for Disinfectant Residuals Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(c)(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                             SM 22nd edition,\28\ SM
           Residual                Methodology        SM 21st edition \1\       23rd edition \49\             ASTM \4\                   Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Free Chlorine.................  Amperometric       4500-Cl D...............  4500-Cl D..............  D 1253-08, -14.
                                 Titration.
                                DPD Ferrous        4500-Cl F...............  4500-Cl F..............  .......................  .........................
                                 Titrimetric.
                                DPD Colorimetric.  4500-Cl G...............  4500-Cl G..............  .......................  Hach Method 10260.\31\
                                Indophenol         ........................  .......................  .......................  Hach Method 10241.\34\
                                 Colorimetric.
                                Syringaldazine     4500-Cl H...............  4500-Cl H.
                                 (FACTS).
                                Amperometric       ........................  .......................  .......................  ChloroSense.\17\
                                 Sensor.
                                On-line Chlorine   ........................  .......................  .......................  EPA 334.0.\16\
                                 Analyzer.
Combined Chlorine.............  Amperometric       4500-Cl D...............  4500-Cl D..............  D 1253-08, -14.
                                 Titration.
                                DPD Ferrous        4500-Cl F...............  4500-Cl F..............  .......................  .........................
                                 Titrimetric.
                                DPD Colorimetric.  4500-Cl G...............  4500-Cl G..............  .......................  Hach Method 10260.\31\
Total Chlorine................  Amperometric       4500-Cl D...............  4500-Cl D..............  D 1253-08, -14.
                                 Titration.
                                Low level          4500-Cl E...............  4500-Cl E.
                                 Amperometric
                                 Titration.
                                DPD Ferrous        4500-Cl F...............  4500-Cl F.
                                 Titrimetric.
                                DPD Colorimetric.  4500-Cl G...............  4500-Cl G..............  .......................  Hach Method 10260.\31\
                                Iodometric         4500-Cl I...............  4500-Cl I.
                                 Electrode.
                                Amperometric       ........................  .......................  .......................  ChloroSense.\17\
                                 Sensor.
                                On-line Chlorine   ........................  .......................  .......................  EPA 334.0.\16\
                                 Analyzer.
Chlorine Dioxide..............  Amperometric       4500-ClO2 E.............  4500-ClO2 E.
                                 Method II.
                                Amperometric       ........................  .......................  .......................  ChlordioX Plus.\32\
                                 Sensor.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

                                         Alternative Testing Methods for Parameters Listed at 40 CFR 141.131(d)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                    SM 21st        SM 22nd        SM 23rd       SM online
          Parameter               Methodology     edition \1\    edition \28\   edition \49\       \3\              EPA                   Other
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)...  High Temperature  5310 B.......  5310 B.......  5310 B.......  ............  415.3, Rev          ........................
                                Combustion.                                                                  1.2.\19\
                               Persulfate-       5310 C.......  5310 C.......  5310 C.......  ............  415.3, Rev 1.2.     Hach Method 10267.\38\
                                Ultraviolet or                                                               \19\.
                                Heated
                                Persulfate
                                Oxidation.
                               Wet Oxidation...  5310 D.......  5310 D.......  .............  ............  415.3, Rev          ........................
                                                                                1.2.\19\
                               Ozone Oxidation.  .............  .............  .............  ............  ..................  Hach Method 10261.\37\
Specific Ultraviolet           Calculation       .............  .............  .............  ............  415.3, Rev          ........................
 Absorbance (SUVA)              using DOC and                                                                1.2.\19\
                                UV254 data.
    Dissolved Organic Carbon   High Temperature  5310 B.......  5310 B.......  5310 B.......  ............  415.3, Rev          ........................
     (DOC).                     Combustion.                                                                  1.2.\19\
                               Persulfate-       5310 C.......  5310 C.......  5310 C.......  ............  415.3, Rev          ........................
                                Ultraviolet or                                                               1.2.\19\
                                Heated
                                Persulfate
                                Oxidation.
                               Wet Oxidation...  5310 D.......  5310 D.......  .............  ............  415.3, Rev          ........................
                                                                                1.2.\19\
    Ultraviolet absorption at  Spectrophotometr  5910 B.......  5910 B.......  5910 B.......  5910 B-11...  415.3, Rev          ........................
     254 nm (UV254).            y.                                                                           1.2.\19\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

                                                           Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.402(c)(2)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                          SM 20th edition    SM 21st edition    SM 22nd edition    SM 23rd edition
             Organism                   Methodology             \6\                \1\                \28\               \49\                SM online \3\                      Other
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E. coli..........................  Colilert............  .................  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B-97, B-04.
                                   Colisure............  .................  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B-97, B-04.
                                   Colilert-18.........  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B...........  9223 B-97, B-04.
                                   Readycult[supreg]...  .................  .................  .................  .................  .............................  Readycult[supreg].\20\
                                   Colitag.............  .................  .................  .................  .................  .............................  Modified Colitag.TM \13\
                                   Chromocult[supreg]..  .................  .................  .................  .................  .............................  Chromocult[supreg].\21\
                                   EC-MUG..............  .................  .................  9221 F...........  9221 F...........  9221 F-06.
                                   NA-MUG..............  .................  .................  .................  9222 I.

                                   m-ColiBlue24 Test...  .................  .................  .................  9222 J.
                                   Tecta EC/TC \33\
                                    \43\
Enterococci......................  Multiple-Tube         .................  .................  .................  .................  9230 B-04.
                                    Technique.
                                   Membrane Filter       .................  .................  .................  9230 C.
                                    Techniques.
                                   Fluorogenic           .................  .................  .................  9230 D.
                                    Substrate
                                    Enterococcus Test
                                    (using Enterolert).
Coliphage........................  Two-Step Enrichment   .................  .................  .................  .................  .............................  Fast Phage.\30\
                                    Presence-Absence
                                    Procedure.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *

                                       Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 141.852(a)(5)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                     Methodology                            SM 20th, 21st       SM 22nd edition     SM 23rd edition
            Organism                  category             Method            editions 1 6            \28\                \49\            SM online \3\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Coliforms................  Lactose             Standard Total      ...................  9221 B.1, B.2.....  9221 B.1, B.2,      9221 B.1, B.2-06.
                                  Fermentation        Coliform                                                     B.3, B.4.
                                  Methods.            Fermentation
                                                      Technique.
                                                     Presence-Absence    ...................  ..................  9221 D.1, D.2, D.3  ..................
                                                      (P-A) Coliform
                                                      Test.
                                 Membrane            Standard Total      ...................  ..................  9222 B, C.
                                  Filtration          Coliform Membrane
                                  Methods.            Filter Procedure
                                                      using Endo Media.
                                                     Simultaneous        ...................  ..................  9222 J.
                                                      Detection of
                                                      Total Coliforms
                                                      and E. coli by
                                                      Dual Chromogen
                                                      Membrane Filter
                                                      Procedure (using
                                                      mColiBlue24
                                                      medium).
                                 Enzyme Substrate    Colilert[supreg]..  ...................  9223 B............  9223 B............  9223 B-04.
                                  Methods.
                                                     Colisure[supreg]..  ...................  9223 B............  9223 B............  9223 B-04.
                                                     Colilert-18.......  9223 B.............  9223 B............  9223 B............  9223 B-04.
                                                     Tecta EC/TC 33 43
Escherichia coli...............  Escherichia coli    EC-MUG medium.....  ...................  9221 F.1..........  9221 F.1..........  9221 F.1-06.
                                  Procedure
                                  (following
                                  Lactose
                                  Fermentation
                                  Methods).
                                 Escherichia coli    EC broth with MUG   ...................  ..................  9222 H.
                                  Partitioning        (EC-MUG).
                                  Methods
                                  (following
                                  Membrane
                                  Filtration
                                  Methods).
                                                     NA-MUG medium.....  ...................  ..................  9222 I.
                                 Simultaneous        mColiBlue24 medium  ...................  ..................  9222 J.
                                  Detection of
                                  Total Coliforms
                                  and E. coli by
                                  Dual Chromogen
                                  Membrane Filter
                                  Procedure.
                                 Enzyme Substrate    Colilert[supreg]..  ...................  9223 B............  9223 B............  9223 B-04.
                                  Methods.
                                                     Colisure[supreg]..  ...................  9223 B............  9223 B............  9223 B-04.
                                                     Colilert-18.......  9223 B.............  9223 B............  9223 B............  9223 B-04.
                                                     Tecta EC/TC 33 43
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                                         Alternative Testing Methods for Contaminants Listed at 40 CFR 143.4(b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                SM 22nd
          Contaminant                  Methodology              EPA method          ASTM \4\      SM 21st edition    edition,\28\ SM     SM online \3\
                                                                                \1\         23rd edition \49\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aluminum.......................  Axially viewed           200.5, Revision
                                  inductively coupled      4.2.\2\
                                  plasma-atomic emission
                                  spectrometry (AVICP-
                                  AES).
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3111 D...........  3111 D.
                                  Direct.
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3113 B...........  3113 B...........  3113 B-04, B-10.
                                  Furnace.
                                 Inductively Coupled      .....................  ..............  3120 B...........  3120 B.
                                  Plasma.
Chloride.......................  Silver Nitrate           .....................  D 512-04 B, 12  4500-Cl- B.......  4500-Cl- B
                                  Titration.                                      B.
                                 Ion Chromatography.....  .....................  D 4327-11.....  4110 B...........  4110 B.
                                 Potentiometric           .....................  ..............  4500-Cl- D.......  4500-Cl- D.
                                  Titration.
Color..........................  Visual Comparison......  .....................  ..............  2120 B...........  2120 B.
Foaming Agents.................  Methylene Blue Active    .....................  ..............  5540 C...........  5540 C.
                                  Substances (MBAS).
Iron...........................  Axially viewed           200.5, Revision
                                  inductively coupled      4.2.\2\
                                  plasma-atomic emission
                                  spectrometry (AVICP-
                                  AES).
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3111 B...........  3111 B.
                                  Direct.
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3113 B...........  3113 B...........  3113 B-04, B-10.
                                  Furnace.
                                 Inductively Coupled      .....................  ..............  3120 B...........  3120 B.
                                  Plasma.

Manganese......................  Axially viewed           200.5, Revision
                                  inductively coupled      4.2.\2\
                                  plasma-atomic emission
                                  spectrometry (AVICP-
                                  AES).
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3111 B...........  3111 B.
                                  Direct.
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3113 B...........  3113 B...........  3113 B-04, B-10.
                                  Furnace.
                                 Inductively Coupled      .....................  ..............  3120 B...........  3120 B.
                                  Plasma.
Odor...........................  Threshold Odor Test....  .....................  ..............  2150 B...........  2150 B.
Silver.........................  Axially viewed           200.5, Revision
                                  inductively coupled      4.2.\2\
                                  plasma-atomic emission
                                  spectrometry (AVICP-
                                  AES).
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3111 B...........  3111 B.
                                  Direct.
                                 Atomic Absorption;       .....................  ..............  3113 B...........  3113 B...........  3113 B-04, B-10.
                                  Furnace.
                                 Inductively Coupled      .....................  ..............  3120 B...........  3120 B.
                                  Plasma.
Sulfate........................  Ion Chromatography.....  .....................  D 4327-11.....  4110 B...........  4110 B.
                                 Gravimetric with         .....................  ..............  4500-SO4 2- C....  4500-SO4 2- C....  4500-SO4 2- C-97.
                                  ignition of residue.