November 4, 2009

Office of Pesticide Programs

Regulatory Public Docket (7502P)

Docket: EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0629

Environmental Protection Agenc

1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW

Washington DC, 20460-0001

Re:  Supporting materials for American Bird Conservancy Petition to Revoke Import Tolerances for 13 Pesticides

Dear Sir/Madam:

Thank you in advance for considering these additional data and supporting comments filed on behalf of American Bird Conservancy in response to the Environmental Protection Agency’s request for comments on the American Bird Conservancy (ABC) July 23, 2009 petition to revoke import tolerances for 13 pesticides.

ABC is providing data on migratory bird species use of agricultural crops and identified habitats used by these species in Latin America during their winter migrations.  Additionally we identify those migratory species listed under the Endangered Species Act as Threatened or Endangered, and those species listed as Birds of Conservation Concern by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (2008).

Use of Agricultural Crops by Migratory Birds:

We have compiled data on the use of agricultural crops by migratory birds by examining over 1300 published scientific articles, theses, and reports, compiling and annotating data from more than 700 of these sources to develop a database of avian foraging, nesting, and incidental use of agricultural crops, largely from data within the United States.  The data in the ABC Birds in Agricultural Areas (BIAA) database include 400 species of birds and document avian use of 66 different crops, which have been organized into 16 crop groups as presented in Appendix A.  The BIAA database currently includes 22,483 records of individual bird species-crop data, including activity, geographic location, season, and conservation status for each bird species.   American Bird Conservancy maintains the BIAA database as a free publically available database on our website at:   HYPERLINK "http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/policy/pesticides/biaa/index.html"  http://www.abcbirds.org/abcprograms/policy/pesticides/biaa/index.html

The data presented here focus only on those crop-groups including the commodities for which tolerances have been established for the 13 pesticides we have petitioned to be revoked.  In addition to data from BIAA we have included data on coffee and mangoes, which are crops not included in BIAA, but for which tolerances have been established for the 13 pesticides listed in our petition.  A list of commodity tolerances, pesticide, and BIAA crop-group are given in Appendix A.  The crop-groups included in this analysis are field crops (FICR), citrus orchards (CITR), fruit orchards (ORCH), bush-berries (BERR), grape vineyards (GRAP), coffee plantations (COFF), and mangoes (MANG).  We have been unable to locate sufficient data on avian species utilization of bananas to develop a database for that crop.  Analysis of these crop groups document agricultural use by 153 of the 305 Western Hemisphere neotropical migratory species identified by Stotz et al (1996).  These include 3 Endangered species and 16 additional species of Birds of Conservation Concern (2008).

We have extracted data from BIAA and correlated it with the neotropical migratory species list provided by Stotz et al (1996) to analyze data only on those neotropical migratory species using agricultural crops.  The species lists for each crop-group and list of crops comprising each crop group are given in Appendix B.

Assessment of Agricultural Field Use by Neotropical Migrant Species in Latin America:

The data for bird use of agricultural areas in Latin America are few. We have summarized the available data for coffee and mangoes, which include limited species lists and only one published article on pesticide exposure to birds in banana plantations in Costa Rica (Mortenson et al 1998).  The Mortenson, et al paper analyzed blood samples from 30 birds, including 18 from a banana plantation where carbamates had been applied.  Seven of 18 birds in bananas (39%) had detectable carbamate residues in blood.  This is a very high rate of exposure, and indicates that it  is highly probable birds are at risk when they forage in crops while wintering in Latin America.

Because agricultural crop use data are limited, we have analyzed the habitats identified in Stotz et al (1996) for each migratory species, and complied a table of the habitats used by each of the 153 neotropical migrant species using the listed crop groups.  Many species utilize multiple habitats, and the table of habitat occurrence matched to Crop-group is given in Appendix C.   Each of the crop-group lists have been graphed in Appendix D, showing that birds using agricultural landscapes in the US frequent similar habitats in Latin America.  The four most prominent habitats in Appendix C are: tropical lowland forest, second-growth forest habitats, pastures/agricultural lands, and second growth scrub/grassland habitats.  These habitats are the most similar to agricultural landscapes in the US, and indicate that migratory birds wintering in Latin America utilize habitats similar to their breeding and foraging habitats in the US.  We believe this is good evidence that the species using agricultural landscapes in the US also will use agricultural landscapes in the neotropics.   The total number of US neotropical migrants using agricultural landscapes and at risk from pesticide use in Latin American agriculture cannot be accurately known without complete censuses of all agricultural areas in Latin America, which is highly unlikely.  Our analysis is based on known agricultural association in the US correlated with observed habitat usage in Latin America for all neotropical migrant species, and identifies a strong association with the four most commonly associated neotropical habitats.

We believe that the data compiled for avian use of agricultural lands in the US is biased toward common birds simply because limited field observations will generate species lists of the birds most easily observed or present in greatest numbers.  We believe that less common bird species, including many of Conservation Concern and those listed under the ESA, are under represented in published papers and field studies of limited duration.  In an effort to evaluate the risk to species not documented in BIAA, we analyzed the habitat types of all 305 neotropical migrant species in Stotz et al (1996) and identified 165 species using these four habitats, including 112 species identified in BIAA.  The additional 53 species using one or more of the top 4 habitats (1: second-growth forest habitats; 2: tropical lowland forest; 3: second growth scrub/grassland habitats; and 4: pastures/agricultural lands) results in a list of 206 “agricultural use” species.  The list of 206 species is given in Appendix E, and includes 12 ESA listed species and 54 Bird species of Conservation Concern.   We have included Bachman’s Warbler, although the species may be extinct.

Hazardous Pesticides and Import Tolerances

ABC petitioned for the tolerance revocation of 13 hazardous pesticides with no current registrations for these commodities in the US, because of their high toxicity to birds.  There are 40 additional pesticides with tolerances not registered in the US for which the risk to birds is less, and we have not petitioned for revocation of these tolerances.

Each of the 13 pesticides have alternatives for each crop with much reduced avian toxicity, providing crop protection at greatly reduced migratory bird risk.  ABC understands that specific uses tailored to individual pests may limit the utility of specific alternatives, but the lists given here demonstrate that existing pesticides are available with greatly reduced risk, and tolerances have already been established for these active ingredients.  Appendix A provides tables of each commodity, hazardous pesticide, toxicity, and alternatives (including both avian toxicity and World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Pesticides By Hazard.  The WHO classification and Avian HD5 frequently do not parallel each other, because of the large variations in sensitivity to pesticides of avian species.  For this reason, we have selected only those pesticides with high risk to birds, rather than requesting the revocation of pesticides based on the WHO hazard rankings.

Obligation of EPA under Executive Order 13186:

Excerpts from EO 13186 are given below in italics.

The Executive Order was issued by President Clinton on January 10, 2001 and directs each Executive Agency to develop a Memorandum of Understanding with the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) within two years:

Sec. 3. Federal Agency Responsibilities. (a) Each Federal agency taking

      actions that have, or are likely to have, a measurable negative effect on

      migratory bird populations is directed to develop and implement, within 2

      years, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Fish and Wildlife

      Service (Service) that shall promote the conservation of migratory bird

      Populations

(b) In coordination with affected Federal agencies, the Service shall

      develop a schedule for completion of the MOUs within 180 days of the date

      of this order. The schedule shall give priority to completing the MOUs

      with agencies having the most substantive impacts on migratory birds.

The FWS and EPA have both failed to develop the required MOU in more than 7 years.  ABC is requesting that an MOU be developed soon, because of the demonstrated use of agricultural areas and associated risk of pesticide exposure to more than 200 species of birds protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, and the Endangered Species Act.  This is not only important for US agriculture, but also for birds using agricultural areas in Latin America.  Although no MOU has been developed, the EPA has made significant effort to evaluate the pesticide risk to birds within the US, and has taken action to limit exposure in the US by specific label restrictions and pesticide use practices.

EO 13186 continues:

(e) Pursuant to its MOU, each agency shall, to the extent permitted by law

      and subject to the availability of appropriations and within

      Administration budgetary limits, and in harmony with agency missions:

 (9) identify where unintentional take reasonably attributable to agency

      Actions is having, or is likely to have, a measurable negative effect on

      migratory bird populations, focusing first on species of concern, priority

      habitats, and key risk factors. With respect to those actions so

      identified, the agency shall develop and use principles, standards, and

      practices that will lessen the amount of unintentional take, developing

      any such conservation efforts in cooperation with the Service.

This paragraph instructs EPA to identify unintentional take and identify agency actions that will lessen the take.  Because no MOU has been developed to address this potential take, ABC is requesting EPA to initiate - on its own – actions that will reduce, to the extent possible, exposure risk of highly hazardous pesticides to wintering US migratory birds in Latin America.  ABC understands that the United States cannot require foreign governments to undertake actions or policies.  However, EPA does have the authority to regulate pesticide residues on commodities entering this country, and should use that authority to protect US birds.

ABC believes that EPA has the authority to restrict imports of goods based on agreements made under the World Trade Organization General Agreement On Tariffs And Trade.  Specific Exemptions are given in Article XX as excerpted in italics below:

Article XX General Exceptions:  Subject to the requirement that such measures are not applied in a manner which would constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination between countries where the same conditions prevail, or a disguised restriction on international trade, nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to prevent the adoption or enforcement by any contracting party of measures:

(a) necessary to protect public morals;

(b) necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health;

(c) relating to the importation or exportation of gold or silver;

(d) necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement, including those relating to customs enforcement, the enforcement of monopolies operated under paragraph 4 of Article II and Article XVII, the protection of patents, trade marks and copyrights, and the prevention of deceptive practices;

(e) relating to the products of prison labour;

(f) imposed for the protection of national treasures of artistic, historic or archaeological value;

(g) relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources if such measures are made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption;

ABC believes exemptions (b) and (g) give the US the authority to restrict imports of hazardous pesticides on commodities, because it is necessary to protect animal life, and it relates to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources.  We believe both of these conditions are applicable, and EPA has the authority to set import tolerances under FIFRA.

Conclusions:

We hope that the accompanying data and arguments will help provide EPA additional information in support of the ABC petition to revoke the tolerances of 13 pesticides hazardous to birds.  If you should need any further information, or clarification of any data presented, please contact us at<PHONE_NUMBER> or by email at   HYPERLINK <EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>

Thank you in advance for considering this supplemental information.

Sincerely,

Michael Fry, PhD

Director, Conservation Advocacy

American Bird Conservancy

Moira McKernan, PhD

Director, Pesticides and Birds Program

American Bird Conservancy

Appendices:

Appendix A:  Pesticides for which tolerances are petitioned to be revoked.  Data include

	pesticide type, Avian HD5 , and WHO Hazard Classification

Appendix B:  Species lists for each crop-group and list of crops comprising each crop-group.

Appendix C:  Species Documented in BIAA or using the four habitat types associated with

	agriculture. All neotropical migratory species (Stotz et al, 1996)

For formatting Appendix C has been placed after Appendix E.

Appendix D:  Graphs of BIAA associated species distributions in neotropical habitats

Appendix E:Neotropical Migrant Species using Agricultural Habitats:  Conservation Status

Appendix A  Pesticides for which tolerances are petitioned to be revoked.  Data include pesticide type, Avian HD5 , and WHO Hazard Classification

The pesticides ABC has petitioned for revocation of tolerances includes :  cadusafos, cyproconazole, diazinon, dithianon,  diquat, dimethoate, fenamiphos, mevinphos, methomyl, naled, phorate, terbufos, and dichlorvos.  The commodities that these pesticides have tolerances for include: banana, coffee beans, kiwi fruit, pome fruit, hops, blueberry, citrus, garlic, grapes, pineapple, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, lettuce, melon, pea, pepper, spinach, summer squash, strawberry, tomato, watermelon, pumpkin, winter squash, and turnip tops.  ABC has gone through each commodity and listed a similar pesticide (e.g. herbicide, insecticide, etc) that also has a tolerance for that commodity but is significantly less toxic to birds.  In the appendix, we list these pesticides and the corresponding HD5 (Hazardous Dose 5%), which represents the LD50 at the 5% tail of susceptibility.  At this dose half of the individuals of a sensitive species at the 5% tail of susceptibility would be expected to die.  We included only the pesticides with an HD5 of over 15.  In addition, we included the World Health Organization’s (WHO) hazardous pesticide classification.  This classification is based on risk to human health, with 1 being the most toxic and higher numbers being less toxic.  The suggested alternatives to the 13 pesticides with import tolerances have lower risk to human health.  These tables demonstrate that there are potential replacement pesticides that could be used on these crops which represent less risk to endangered and migratory birds.

Banana

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

cadusafos	insecticide	6.3	IB

diquat	herbicide	17.8	II

fenamiphos	insecticide	0.43	IB

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

diuron	herbicide	193	U

paraquat	herbicide	88.5	II

glyphosate	herbicide	232	U

oxyfluorfen	herbicide	614	U

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

pyriproxyfen	insecticide	208	U

buprofezin	insecticide	680	U

Coffee, green bean

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

cyproconazole	fungicide	14.2	III

diquat	herbicide	17.8	III

phorate	insecticide	0.34	IA

terbufos	insecticide	0.16	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

epoxiconazole	fungicide	232

fluazifop p-butyl	herbicide	339	III

glyphosate	herbicide	232	U

napropamide	herbicide	78.0	U

oxyflurofen	herbicide	614	U

paraquat	herbicide	88.5	III

Kiwi

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

diazinon	insecticide	0.59	II

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

esfenvalerate	insecticide	131	II

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

Fruit, pome, group 11

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

dithianon	fungicide	5.29	III

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

defenconazole	fungicide	207	III

pyrimethanil	fungicide	208	U

tebuconazole	fungicide	347	III

thiabendazole	fungicide	261	U

Hop, dried cones

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

dithianon	fungicide	5.29	III

methomyl	insecticide	8.46	IB

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

azoxystrobin	fungicide	232	U

cymoxanil	fungicide	234	III

dimethomorph	fungicide	208	U

folpet	fungicide	118	U

metalaxyl	fungicide	89.0	III

myclobutanil	fungicide	59.2	III

tebuconazole	fungicide	347	III

tolyfluanid	fungicide, insecticide	482	U

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

cyfluthrin	insecticide	44.2	II

lambda-cyhalothrin	insecticide	428	II

malathion	insecticide	139	III

pymetrozine	insecticide	208

pyridaben	insecticide	279	III

Blueberry

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

dimethoate	insecticide	5.78	II

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

pyrethrins	insecticide	963	II

Citrus

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

fenamiphos	insecticide	0.43	IB

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

acetamiprid	insecticide	20.9

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

carbaryl	insecticide	30.0	II

cyfluthrin	insecticide	44.2	II

cypermethrin	insecticide	579

pyriproxyfen	insecticide	208	U

tebufenozide	insecticide	249	U

Garlic

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

fenamiphos	insecticide	0.43	IB

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

oxamyl	insecticide	0.778	IB

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

cyromazine	insecticide	604	U

lambda-cyhalothrin	insecticide	428	II

Grape

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

fenamiphos	insecticide	0.43	IB

mevinphos	insecticide	0.695	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

acequinocyl	insecticide	193

acetamiprid	insecticide	20.9

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

carbaryl	insecticide	30.0	II

cyfluthrin	insecticide	44.2	II

cypermethrin	insecticide	579

indoxicarb	insecticide	234

malathion	insecticide	139	III

phosalone	insecticide	106	II

pyrethrins	insecticide	963	II

pyriproxyfen	insecticide	208	U

tebufenozide	insecticide	249	U

Pineapple

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

fenamiphos	insecticide	0.43	IB

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

carbaryl	insecticide	30.0	II

hydramethylnon	insecticide	222	III

malathion	insecticide	139	III

pyrethrins	insecticide	963	II

pyriproxyfen	insecticide	208	U

Broccoli

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

cyromazine	insecticide	604	U

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

thiodicarb	insecticide	234	II

tralomethrin	insecticide	291

Cabbage

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

carbaryl	insecticide	30.0	II

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

thiodicarb	insecticide	234	II

cypermethrin	insecticide	579

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

Cauliflower

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

acephate	insecticide	18.5	III

permethrin	insecticide	3127	III

thiodicarb	insecticide	234	III

Celery

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

acephate	insecticide	18.5	III

Cucumber

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

naled	insecticide	3.95	II

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

Lettuce

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

naled	insecticide	3.95	II

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

acephate	insecticide	18.5	III

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

cypermethrin	insecticide	579

tralomethrin	insecticide	291

cyfluthrin	insecticide	44.2	II

lambda-cyhalothrin	insecticide	428	II

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

buprofezin	insecticide	680	U

esfenvalerate	insecticide	131	II

Melon

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

Pea

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

Pepper

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

acephate	insecticide	18.5	III

malathion	insecticide	139	III

cyfluthrin	insecticide	44.2	II

Spinach

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

Squash, summer

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

Strawberry

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

malathion	insecticide	139	III

pyridaben	insecticide	279	III

pyriproxyfen	insecticide	208	U

Tomato

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

mevinphos	insecticide	0.69	IA

naled	insecticide	3.95	II

dichlorvos	insecticide	5.18	IB

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

permethrin	insecticide	3127	II

cyfluthrin	insecticide	44.2	II

lambda-cyhalothrin	insecticide	428	II

bifenthrin	insecticide	204	II

pyridaben	insecticide	279	III

novaluron	insecticide	192

Pumpkin

Tolerances	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5	WHO Hazardous Classification

naled	insecticide	3.95	II

Substitute	Pesticide Type	Avian HD5

malathion	insecticide	139	III

Appendix B:  Species lists for each crop-group and list of crops comprising each crop group.

Crop Group:  Field Crops

(FICR)

Asparagus

Mountain Plover

Cabbage

Mallard

Northern Pintail

Castor bean

American Wigeon

Green-winged Teal

Mallard

Northern Pintail

Cotton

Bank Swallow

Barn Owl

Barn Swallow

Common Grackle

Eastern Meadowlark

European Starling

Greater Prairie-Chicken

House Sparrow

Laughing Gull

Mourning Dove

Northern Bobwhite

Red-winged Blackbird

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Sandhill Crane

Tree Swallow

Lettuce

Mountain Plover

Peas

Canada Goose

Gray Partridge

Ring-necked Pheasant

Swainson's Hawk

Row Crops

Acadian Flycatcher

American Crow

American Goldfinch

American Kestrel

American Redstart

American Robin

American Tree Sparrow

American Wigeon

Baltimore Oriole

Barn Swallow

Barred Owl

Bay-breasted Warbler

Black Vulture

Black-and-white Warbler

Black-billed Cuckoo

Black-capped Chickadee

Blackpoll Warbler

Black-throated Green Warbler

Blue Grosbeak

Blue Jay

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Blue-headed Vireo

Boat-tailed Grackle

Bobolink

Brewer's Blackbird

Brown Creeper

Brown Thrasher

Brown-headed Cowbird

Canada Goose

Cape May Warbler

Carolina Chickadee

Carolina Wren

Cattle Egret

Cedar Waxwing

Chimney Swift

Chipping Sparrow

Common Grackle

Common Ground-Dove

Common Nighthawk

Common Yellowthroat

Connecticut Warbler

Dark-eyed Junco

Dickcissel

Downy Woodpecker

Eastern Bluebird

Eastern Kingbird

Eastern Meadowlark

Eastern Towhee

Eastern Wood-Pewee

European Starling

Field Sparrow

Fish Crow

Fox Sparrow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Gray Catbird

Gray Partridge

Great Crested Flycatcher

Great Horned Owl

Green Heron

Hairy Woodpecker

Harris's Sparrow

Hermit Thrush

Horned Lark

House Finch

House Sparrow

House Wren

Indigo Bunting

Killdeer

Lapland Longspur

Lark Sparrow

Least Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Mallard

Marsh Wren

Mississippi Kite

Mourning Dove

Nashville Warbler

Northern Bobwhite

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Mockingbird

Northern Parula

Northern Pintail

Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Orchard Oriole

Ovenbird

Palm Warbler

Pileated Woodpecker

Pine Warbler

Purple Martin

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Red-eyed Vireo

Red-headed Woodpecker

Red-shouldered Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

Ring-necked Pheasant

Rock Pigeon

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Sandhill Crane

Savannah Sparrow

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

Sedge Wren

Short-eared Owl

Song Sparrow

Sora

Summer Tanager

Swainson's Hawk

Swamp Sparrow

Tennessee Warbler

Tufted Titmouse

Turkey Vulture

Upland Sandpiper

Vesper Sparrow

Western Meadowlark

White Ibis

White-crowned Sparrow

White-eyed Vireo

White-throated Sparrow

Wild Turkey

Willow Flycatcher

Wilson's Warbler

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Yellow-throated Vireo

Sorghum

American Crow

American Tree Sparrow

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck

Brewer's Blackbird

Bronzed Cowbird

Brown-headed Cowbird

Canada Goose

Chihuahuan Raven

Eastern Meadowlark

European Starling

Greater Prairie-Chicken

Greater White-fronted Goose

Great-tailed Grackle

Horned Lark

Killdeer

Lapland Longspur

Lark Bunting

Lesser Prairie-Chicken

McCown's Longspur

Mourning Dove

Northern Bobwhite

Red-winged Blackbird

Ring-necked Pheasant

Sandhill Crane

Savannah Sparrow

Tricolored Blackbird

Western Meadowlark

White-throated Swift

Whooping Crane

Yellow-headed Blackbird

Soybean

Alder Flycatcher

American Black Duck

American Coot

American Crow

American Goldfinch

American Kestrel

American Pipit

American Redstart

American Robin

American Tree Sparrow

American Woodcock

Baltimore Oriole

Bank Swallow

Barn Swallow

Bay-breasted Warbler

Belted Kingfisher

Black-and-white Warbler

Black-billed Cuckoo

Blackburnian Warbler

Black-capped Chickadee

Blackpoll Warbler

Black-throated Blue Warbler

Black-throated Green Warbler

Blue Jay

Blue-winged Warbler

Bobolink

Brewer's Blackbird

Broad-winged Hawk

Brown Thrasher

Brown-headed Cowbird

Canada Goose

Canada Warbler

Cape May Warbler

Carolina Chickadee

Carolina Wren

Cedar Waxwing

Chestnut-sided Warbler

Chimney Swift

Chipping Sparrow

Cliff Swallow

Common Grackle

Common Nighthawk

Common Redpoll

Common Yellowthroat

Dark-eyed Junco

Dickcissel

Downy Woodpecker

Eastern Bluebird

Eastern Kingbird

Eastern Meadowlark

Eastern Wood-Pewee

European Starling

Field Sparrow

Fox Sparrow

Fulvous Whistling-Duck

Grasshopper Sparrow

Gray Catbird

Gray Partridge

Great Crested Flycatcher

Great Egret

Great Horned Owl

Greater Prairie-Chicken

Greater White-fronted Goose

Horned Lark

House Finch

House Sparrow

House Wren

Indigo Bunting

Killdeer

Lapland Longspur

Lark Bunting

Least Flycatcher

Lincoln's Sparrow

Loggerhead Shrike

Magnolia Warbler

Mallard

Mottled Duck

Mourning Dove

Mourning Warbler

Nashville Warbler

Northern Bobwhite

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Harrier

Northern Mockingbird

Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Northern Shoveler

Northern Waterthrush

Ovenbird

Palm Warbler

Philadelphia Vireo

Purple Martin

Red-breasted Nuthatch

Red-eyed Vireo

Red-tailed Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

Ring-billed Gull

Ring-necked Pheasant

Rock Pigeon

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

Rough-legged Hawk

Rusty Blackbird

Sandhill Crane

Savannah Sparrow

Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

Sedge Wren

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Sharp-tailed Grouse

Snow Bunting

Snow Goose

Song Sparrow

Sora

Spotted Sandpiper

Swainson's Thrush

Swamp Sparrow

Tennessee Warbler

Tree Swallow

Tufted Titmouse

Turkey Vulture

Upland Sandpiper

Veery

Vesper Sparrow

Warbling Vireo

Western Meadowlark

White-throated Sparrow

Whooping Crane

Willow Flycatcher

Wilson's Warbler

Winter Wren

Wood Thrush

Yellow Warbler

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Yellow-headed Blackbird

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Strawberry

American Robin

Ring-necked Pheasant

Tobacco

American Crow

Common Grackle

Eastern Bluebird

House Sparrow

Northern Mockingbird

Red-winged Blackbird

Tomato

American Crow

American Golden-Plover

American Pipit

Baird's Sandpiper

Black-bellied Plover

Chestnut-collared Longspur

Horned Lark

Lapland Longspur

Least Sandpiper

Mottled Duck

Mountain Plover

Red-throated Pipit

Ring-necked Pheasant

Crop Group: Citrus (CITR)

Citrus

American Kestrel

Black-and-white Warbler

Blue Jay

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Brown Thrasher

Carolina Wren

Cattle Egret

Chipping Sparrow

Common Grackle

Common Ground-Dove

Common Moorhen

Common Nighthawk

Common Pauraque

Common Yellowthroat

Downy Woodpecker

Eastern Meadowlark

Eastern Towhee

Fish Crow

Gray Catbird

Great Blue Heron

Great Crested Flycatcher

Great-tailed Grackle

Green Heron

Inca Dove

Killdeer

Little Blue Heron

Loggerhead Shrike

Long-billed Thrasher

Mourning Dove

Northern Bobwhite

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Mockingbird

Palm Warbler

Pied-billed Grebe

Prairie Warbler

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Red-shouldered Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

Sandhill Crane

Smooth-billed Ani

White-tipped Dove

White-winged Dove

Wilson's Warbler

Wood Duck

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Grapefruit

Brown Thrasher

Common Ground-Dove

Fish Crow

Great-tailed Grackle

Northern Cardinal

Northern Mockingbird

Red-winged Blackbird

Orange

American Crow

American Robin

Blue Jay

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Brown Thrasher

Brown-headed Cowbird

Common Ground-Dove

Common Yellowthroat

Eastern Phoebe

Fish Crow

Great Blue Heron

Hepatic Tanager

House Wren

Mourning Dove

Northern Cardinal

Northern Mockingbird

Palm Warbler

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Red-shouldered Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Swamp Sparrow

White-eyed Vireo

White-tailed Kite

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Crop Group : Orchards (ORCH)

Apple

Acorn Woodpecker

American Crow

American Goldfinch

American Kestrel

American Redstart

American Robin

American Tree Sparrow

American Woodcock

Ash-throated Flycatcher

Baltimore Oriole

Bank Swallow

Barn Swallow

Barred Owl

Bay-breasted Warbler

Bewick's Wren

Black Phoebe

Black-billed Cuckoo

Black-billed Magpie

Black-capped Chickadee

Black-headed Grosbeak

Black-throated Blue Warbler

Blue Jay

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Blue-winged Teal

Blue-winged Warbler

Bobolink

Brewer's Blackbird

Broad-winged Hawk

Brown Thrasher

Brown-headed Cowbird

Bushtit

California Towhee

Canada Goose

Cape May Warbler

Carolina Chickadee

Cedar Waxwing

Chestnut-backed Chickadee

Chestnut-sided Warbler

Chimney Swift

Chipping Sparrow

Chuck-will's-widow

Cliff Swallow

Common Grackle

Common Nighthawk

Common Yellowthroat

Cooper's Hawk

Dark-eyed Junco

Downy Woodpecker

Eastern Bluebird

Eastern Kingbird

Eastern Meadowlark

Eastern Phoebe

Eastern Screech-Owl

Eastern Towhee

Eastern Wood-Pewee

European Starling

Field Sparrow

Fox Sparrow

Gray Catbird

Great Crested Flycatcher

Great Horned Owl

Hairy Woodpecker

Horned Lark

House Finch

House Sparrow

House Wren

Indigo Bunting

Killdeer

Least Flycatcher

Loggerhead Shrike

Long-eared Owl

Magnolia Warbler

Mallard

Mourning Dove

Nashville Warbler

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Harrier

Northern Mockingbird

Northern Rough-winged Swallow

Northern Saw-whet Owl

Nuttall's Woodpecker

Oak Titmouse

Olive-sided Flycatcher

Orange-crowned Warbler

Orchard Oriole

Ovenbird

Pacific-slope Flycatcher

Palm Warbler

Pine Siskin

Pine Warbler

Purple Martin

Red-breasted Nuthatch

Red-breasted Sapsucker

Red-eyed Vireo

Red-headed Woodpecker

Red-shouldered Hawk

Red-tailed Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

Ring-necked Pheasant

Rock Pigeon

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

Ruby-crowned Kinglet

Ruby-throated Hummingbird

Ruffed Grouse

Savannah Sparrow

Scarlet Tanager

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Snowy Owl

Solitary Sandpiper

Song Sparrow

Spotted Sandpiper

Spotted Towhee

Steller's Jay

Tennessee Warbler

Townsend's Warbler

Tree Swallow

Tufted Titmouse

Veery

Vesper Sparrow

Violet-green Swallow

Western Meadowlark

Western Scrub-Jay

White-breasted Nuthatch

White-crowned Sparrow

Willow Flycatcher

Wood Thrush

Yellow Warbler

Yellow-billed Cuckoo

Yellow-billed Magpie

Yellow-rumped Warbler

Yellow-throated Vireo

Apricot

European Starling

Purple Finch

Scott's Oriole

Avocado

American Kestrel

American Robin

American Tree Sparrow

Black-and-white Warbler

Blue-gray Gnatcatcher

Common Ground-Dove

Eastern Phoebe

Eastern Screech-Owl

Eastern Towhee

Great Crested Flycatcher

Killdeer

Mourning Dove

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Mockingbird

Ovenbird

Palm Warbler

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Red-shouldered Hawk

Sharp-shinned Hawk

White-eyed Vireo

White-tailed Kite

White-winged Dove

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker

Yellow-throated Warbler

Cherry

American Crow

American Goldfinch

American Robin

Baltimore Oriole

Blue Jay

Brown Thrasher

California Gull

Cedar Waxwing

Common Grackle

Eastern Bluebird

Eastern Kingbird

European Starling

Gray Catbird

Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch

House Finch

House Sparrow

Northern Flicker

Northern Mockingbird

Red-headed Woodpecker

Red-winged Blackbird

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

White-breasted Nuthatch

Fig

Northern Mockingbird

Nectarine

European Starling

Olive

Black-crowned Night-Heron

Bullock's Oriole

European Starling

Loggerhead Shrike

Northern Mockingbird

Orchards

American Kestrel

American Robin

Barn Owl

Black-billed Magpie

Bohemian Waxwing

California Quail

Canada Goose

Chukar

Cooper's Hawk

European Starling

Great Blue Heron

Great Horned Owl

House Finch

House Sparrow

House Wren

Northern Flicker

Northern Goshawk

Northern Saw-whet Owl

Red-tailed Hawk

Ring-necked Pheasant

Sharp-shinned Hawk

Tree Swallow

Peach

American Crow

American Kestrel

American Robin

Blue Jay

Eastern Screech-Owl

European Starling

Ruffed Grouse

Pear

American Crow

American Robin

Brewer's Blackbird

Cassin's Kingbird

European Starling

House Finch

Mourning Dove

Northern Mockingbird

Ring-necked Pheasant

Western Kingbird

Western Scrub-Jay

Yellow-billed Magpie

Plum

Dickcissel

Prune

California Quail

Northern Pygmy-Owl

Crop Group:  Berry (BERR)

Blackberry

Gray Catbird

Sage Thrasher

Blueberry

American Crow

American Goldfinch

American Robin

Baltimore Oriole

Blue Jay

Brown Thrasher

Brown-headed Cowbird

Cedar Waxwing

Common Grackle

Common Ground-Dove

Eastern Bluebird

Eastern Kingbird

Eastern Meadowlark

Eastern Towhee

European Starling

Evening Grosbeak

Fish Crow

Grasshopper Sparrow

Gray Catbird

House Finch

Laughing Gull

Loggerhead Shrike

Northern Bobwhite

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Mockingbird

Orchard Oriole

Palm Warbler

Red-bellied Woodpecker

Red-winged Blackbird

Ring-billed Gull

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

Savannah Sparrow

Song Sparrow

Vesper Sparrow

Western Scrub-Jay

Raspberry

Ring-necked Pheasant

Sage Thrasher

Sage Thrasher

Crop Group:  Grape (GRAP)

Grape

American Crow

American Goldfinch

American Kestrel

American Robin

Baltimore Oriole

Bank Swallow

Barn Swallow

Bay-breasted Warbler

Belted Kingfisher

Black-and-white Warbler

Black-capped Chickadee

Black-headed Grosbeak

Blue Jay

Bobolink

Brewer's Blackbird

Brown-headed Cowbird

Bullock's Oriole

California Quail

California Thrasher

Canada Goose

Cape May Warbler

Cedar Waxwing

Chestnut-sided Warbler

Chimney Swift

Chipping Sparrow

Common Grackle

Common Yellowthroat

Downy Woodpecker

Eastern Bluebird

Eastern Kingbird

Eastern Wood-Pewee

European Starling

Field Sparrow

Gray Catbird

Gray-cheeked Thrush

Hairy Woodpecker

Horned Lark

House Finch

House Sparrow

House Wren

Indigo Bunting

Killdeer

Mourning Dove

Northern Cardinal

Northern Flicker

Northern Harrier

Northern Mockingbird

Pectoral Sandpiper

Red-headed Woodpecker

Red-tailed Hawk

Red-winged Blackbird

Ring-necked Pheasant

Rock Pigeon

Rose-breasted Grosbeak

Sage Thrasher

Savannah Sparrow

Solitary Sandpiper

Song Sparrow

Spotted Sandpiper

Spotted Towhee

Swainson's Thrush

Turkey Vulture

Vesper Sparrow

Warbling Vireo

Western Bluebird

Western Kingbird

Western Scrub-Jay

Western Tanager

White-breasted Nuthatch

Wilson's Warbler

Yellow Warbler

Yellow-billed Magpie

Appendix D:  Graphs of BIAA associated species distributions in neotropical habitats

Appendix D contintinued:

Appendix D contintinued:

Appendix D contintinued:

Appendix D contintinued:

Appendix D contintinued:

Appendix E:  Neotropical Migrant Species using Agricultural Habitats:  Conservation Status

Scientific Name	Common Name	species BIAA	ESA Listing	BCC 2008

Anser albifrons	Greater White-fronted Goose	x

Anser rossii	Ross's Goose

	Chen caerulescens	Snow Goose	x

Branta canadensis	Canada Goose	x

Aix sponsa	Wood Duck	x

Anas americana	American Wigeon	x

Anas platyrhynchos	Mallard	x

Anas discors	Blue-winged Teal	x

Anas clypeata	Northern Shoveler	x

Anas acuta	Northern Pintail	x

Anas crecca	Green-winged Teal	x

Egretta caerulea	Little Blue Heron	x

Ardea alba	Great Egret	x

Ardea herodias	Great Blue Heron	x

Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned Night-Heron	x

Ictinia mississippiensis	Mississippi Kite	x

Circus cyaneus	Northern Harrier	x

Accipiter striatus	Sharp-shinned Hawk	x

Accipiter cooperii	Cooper's Hawk	x

Buteo lineatus	Red-shouldered Hawk	x

Buteo platypterus	Broad-winged Hawk	x

Buteo swainsoni	Swainson's Hawk	x

Y

Buteo jamaicensis	Red-tailed Hawk	x

Buteo lagopus	Rough-legged Hawk	x

Falco sparverius	American Kestrel	x

Falco columbarius	Merlin

	Falco peregrinus	Peregrine Falcon	x

Y

Porzana carolina	Sora	x

Fulica americana	American Coot	x

Grus canadensis	Sandhill Crane	x	E

	Gallinago gallinago	Common Snipe

	Numenius phaeopus	Whimbrel

	Y

Numenius americanus	Long-billed Curlew

	Y

Bartramia longicauda	Upland Sandpiper	x

Y

Tringa solitaria	Solitary Sandpiper	x

Y

Actitis macularia	Spotted Sandpiper	x

Calidris minutilla	Least Sandpiper	x

Calidris bairdii	Baird's Sandpiper	x

Calidris melanotos	Pectoral Sandpiper	x

Tryngites subruficollis	Buff-breasted Sandpiper

	Y

Philomachus pugnax	Ruff

	Pluvialis dominica	American Golden-Plover	x

Pluvialis fulva	Pacific Golden-Plover

	Charadrius vociferus	Killdeer	x

Charadrius montanus	Mountain Plover	x

Y

Larus delawarensis	Ring-billed Gull	x

Larus californicus	California Gull	x

Larus atricilla	Laughing Gull	x

Larus pipixcan	Franklin's Gull

	Coccyzus erythropthalmus	Black-billed Cuckoo	x

Coccyzus americanus	Yellow-billed Cuckoo	x

Y

Asio flammeus	Short-eared Owl	x

Y

Chordeiles minor	Common Nighthawk	x

Caprimulgus carolinensis	Chuck-will's-widow	x

Caprimulgus vociferus	Northern Whip-poor-will

	Chaetura pelagica	Chimney Swift	x

Archilochus colubris	Ruby-throated Hummingbird	x

Archilochus alexandri	Black-chinned Hummingbird

	Calypte anna	Anna's Hummingbird

	Calypte costae	Costa's Hummingbird

	Y

Selasphorus rufus	Rufous Hummingbird

	Y

Selasphorus sasin	Allen's Hummingbird

	Y

Megaceryle alcyon	Belted Kingfisher	x

Melanerpes lewis	Lewis's Woodpecker

	Y

Sphyrapicus varius	Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	x

Sphyrapicus ruber	Red-breasted Sapsucker	x

Contopus sordidulus	Western Wood-Pewee

	Contopus virens	Eastern Wood-Pewee	x

Empidonax flaviventris	Yellow-bellied Flycatcher

	Empidonax virescens	Acadian Flycatcher	x

Empidonax alnorum	Alder Flycatcher

	Empidonax traillii	Willow Flycatcher	x	E	Y

Empidonax minimus	Least Flycatcher	x

Empidonax difficilis	Pacific-slope Flycatcher	x

Empidonax occidentalis	Cordilleran Flycatcher

	Sayornis phoebe	Eastern Phoebe	x

Sayornis saya	Say's Phoebe

	Myiarchus cinerascens	Ash-throated Flycatcher	x

Myiarchus crinitus	Great Crested Flycatcher	x

Tyrannus vociferans	Cassin's Kingbird	x

Tyrannus verticalis	Western Kingbird	x

Tyrannus dominicensis	Gray Kingbird

	Tyrannus tyrannus	Eastern Kingbird	x

Tyrannus forficatus	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher	x

Myiodynastes luteiventris	Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher

	Lanius ludovicianus	Loggerhead Shrike	x

Y

Vireo bellii	Bell's Vireo

E	Y

Vireo griseus	White-eyed Vireo	x

Vireo solitarius	Blue-headed Vireo	x

Vireo cassinii	Cassin's Vireo

	Vireo plumbeus	Plumbeous Vireo

	Vireo flavifrons	Yellow-throated Vireo	x

Vireo philadelphicus	Philadelphia Vireo	x

Vireo olivaceus	Red-eyed Vireo	x

Vireo flavoviridis	Yellow-green Vireo

	Vireo altiloquus	Black-whiskered Vireo

	Vireo gilvus	Warbling Vireo	x

Progne subis	Purple Martin	x

Tachycineta bicolor	Tree Swallow	x

Tachycineta thalassina	Violet-green Swallow	x

Stelgidopteryx serripennis	Northern Rough-winged Swallow	x

Riparia riparia	Sand Martin

	Hirundo rustica	Barn Swallow	x

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	Cliff Swallow	x

Petrochelidon fulva	Antillean Cave-Swallow

	Certhia americana	Brown Creeper	x

Cistothorus platensis	Sedge Wren	x

Cistothorus palustris	Marsh Wren	x

Troglodytes troglodytes	Winter Wren	x

Regulus calendula	Ruby-crowned Kinglet

	Sialia currucoides	Mountain Bluebird

	Catharus fuscescens	Veery	x

Catharus minimus	Gray-cheeked Thrush	x

Catharus bicknelli	Bicknell's Thrush

	Y

Catharus ustulatus	Swainson's Thrush	x

Catharus guttatus	Hermit Thrush	x

Hylocichla mustelina	Wood Thrush	x

Y

Turdus migratorius	American Robin	x

Dumetella carolinensis	Gray Catbird	x

Oreoscoptes montanus	Sage Thrasher	x

Toxostoma rufum	Brown Thrasher	x

Toxostoma bendirei	Bendire's Thrasher

	Y

Sturnus vulgaris	European Starling	x

Anthus rubescens	American Pipit	x

Bombycilla cedrorum	Cedar Waxwing	x

Vermivora bachmanii	Bachman's Warbler

E

	Vermivora pinus	Blue-winged Warbler	x

Y

Vermivora chrysoptera	Golden-winged Warbler

	Y

Vermivora peregrina	Tennessee Warbler	x

Vermivora celata	Orange-crowned Warbler	x

Vermivora ruficapilla	Nashville Warbler	x

Parula americana	Northern Parula	x

Dendroica pensylvanica	Chestnut-sided Warbler	x

Dendroica magnolia	Magnolia Warbler	x

Dendroica tigrina	Cape May Warbler	x

Dendroica caerulescens	Black-throated Blue Warbler	x

Dendroica coronata	Yellow-rumped Warbler	x

Dendroica nigrescens	Black-throated Gray Warbler

	Dendroica townsendi	Townsend's Warbler	x

Dendroica virens	Black-throated Green Warbler	x

Dendroica chrysoparia	Golden-cheeked Warbler

E

	Dendroica fusca	Blackburnian Warbler	x

Dendroica dominica	Yellow-throated Warbler	x

Dendroica pinus	Pine Warbler	x

Dendroica discolor	Prairie Warbler	x

Y

Dendroica palmarum	Palm Warbler	x

Dendroica castanea	Bay-breasted Warbler	x

Y

Dendroica striata	Blackpoll Warbler

	Dendroica cerulea	Cerulean Warbler	x

Y

Mniotilta varia	Black-and-white Warbler	x

Setophaga ruticilla	American Redstart	x

Protonotaria citrea	Prothonotary Warbler

	Y

Helmitheros vermivorus	Worm-eating Warbler

	Y

Limnothlypis swainsonii	Swainson's Warbler

	Y

Seiurus aurocapillus	Ovenbird	x

Seiurus noveboracensis	Northern Waterthrush	x

Seiurus motacilla	Louisiana Waterthrush

	Oporornis formosus	Kentucky Warbler

	Y

Oporornis agilis	Connecticut Warbler	x

Oporornis philadelphia	Mourning Warbler	x

Oporornis tolmiei	MacGillivray's Warbler

	Geothlypis trichas	Common Yellowthroat	x

Wilsonia citrina	Hooded Warbler

	Wilsonia pusilla	Wilson's Warbler	x

Wilsonia canadensis	Canada Warbler	x

Y

Icteria virens	Yellow-breasted Chat

	Piranga rubra	Summer Tanager	x

Piranga olivacea	Scarlet Tanager	x

Piranga ludoviciana	Western Tanager	x

Calcarius mccownii	McCown's Longspur	x

Y

Calcarius lapponicus	Lapland Longspur	x

Calcarius ornatus	Chestnut-collared Longspur	x

Calamospiza melanocorys	Lark Bunting	x

Passerella iliaca	Fox Sparrow	x

Melospiza lincolnii	Lincoln's Sparrow	x

Melospiza georgiana	Swamp Sparrow	x

Zonotrichia leucophrys	White-crowned Sparrow

	Zonotrichia albicollis	White-throated Sparrow	x

Zonotrichia atricapilla	Golden-crowned Sparrow

	Junco hyemalis	Dark-eyed Junco	x

Passerculus sandwichensis	Savannah Sparrow	x

Ammodramus savannarum	Grasshopper Sparrow	x	E

	Spizella passerina	Chipping Sparrow	x

Spizella pallida	Clay-colored Sparrow

	Spizella breweri	Brewer's Sparrow

	Y

Spizella pusilla	Field Sparrow	x

Pooecetes gramineus	Vesper Sparrow	x

Chondestes grammacus	Lark Sparrow	x

Pheucticus ludovicianus	Rose-breasted Grosbeak	x

Pheucticus melanocephalus	Black-headed Grosbeak	x

Passerina caerulea	Blue Grosbeak	x

Passerina amoena	Lazuli Bunting

	Passerina cyanea	Indigo Bunting	x

Passerina ciris	Painted Bunting

	Y

Spiza americana	Dickcissel	x

Y

Icterus galbula	Baltimore Oriole	x

Icterus bullockii	Bullock's Oriole	x

Icterus spurius	Orchard Oriole	x

Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus	Yellow-headed Blackbird	x

Sturnella neglecta	Western Meadowlark	x

Euphagus cyanocephalus	Brewer's Blackbird	x

Molothrus ater	Brown-headed Cowbird	x

Dolichonyx oryzivorus	Bobolink	x

Carpodacus purpureus	Purple Finch	x

Carduelis pinus	Pine Siskin	x

Carduelis tristis	American Goldfinch	x

Appendix C:  Species documented in BIAA or using the four habitat types associated with agriculture in Stotz et al 1996.

Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Anser albifrons	Greater White-fronted Goose

x

x

Anser rossii	Ross's Goose

x

Chen caerulescens	Snow Goose

x

x

Branta canadensis	Canada Goose

	x

x

x

x

Aix sponsa	Wood Duck

x

	Anas americana	American Wigeon

	x

Anas platyrhynchos	Mallard

	x

x

Anas discors	Blue-winged Teal

	x

Anas clypeata	Northern Shoveler

	x

Anas acuta	Northern Pintail

	x

Anas crecca	Green-winged Teal

	x

Egretta caerulea	Little Blue Heron

x

	Ardea alba	Great Egret

	x

Ardea herodias	Great Blue Heron

x	x

Nycticorax nycticorax	Black-crowned Night-Heron

	x

Ictinia mississippiensis	Mississippi Kite

	x

Circus cyaneus	Northern Harrier

x

x

x

x

x

Accipiter striatus	Sharp-shinned Hawk

x

	x

x

x

Accipiter cooperii	Cooper's Hawk

x

	x

x

Buteo lineatus	Red-shouldered Hawk

x

	x	x	x

Buteo platypterus	Broad-winged Hawk	x

x	x

	Buteo swainsoni	Swainson's Hawk

	x

Buteo jamaicensis	Red-tailed Hawk

x

	x

x

x

x

Buteo lagopus	Rough-legged Hawk

	x

Falco sparverius	American Kestrel

	x

x	x	x

x

x

Falco columbarius	Merlin

	x

Falco peregrinus	Peregrine Falcon

	x

Porzana carolina	Sora

	x

Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Grus canadensis	Sandhill Crane

	x

x	x

	Gallinago gallinago	Common Snipe

	x

Numenius phaeopus	Whimbrel

	x

Numenius americanus	Long-billed Curlew

	x

Bartramia longicauda	Upland Sandpiper

	x

x

Tringa solitaria	Solitary Sandpiper

	x

Actitis macularia	Spotted Sandpiper

	x

x

x

Calidris minutilla	Least Sandpiper

	x

Calidris bairdii	Baird's Sandpiper

	x

Calidris melanotos	Pectoral Sandpiper

	x

x

Tryngites subruficollis	Buff-breasted Sandpiper

	x

Philomachus pugnax	Ruff

	x

Pluvialis dominica	American Golden-Plover

	x

x

Pluvialis fulva	Pacific Golden-Plover

	x

Charadrius vociferus	Killdeer

	x

x	x	x

x

Charadrius montanus	Mountain Plover

	x

x

Larus delawarensis	Ring-billed Gull

	x

x

Larus californicus	California Gull

	x

x

Larus atricilla	Laughing Gull

	x

Larus pipixcan	Franklin's Gull

	x

Coccyzus erythropthalmus	Black-billed Cuckoo

x

	x

x

Coccyzus americanus	Yellow-billed Cuckoo	x	x

	x	x	x

Asio flammeus	Short-eared Owl

	x

x

Chordeiles minor	Common Nighthawk	x

x	x	x	x	x

Caprimulgus carolinensis	Chuck-will's-widow	x	x

	x

Caprimulgus vociferus	Northern Whip-poor-will	x

Chaetura pelagica	Chimney Swift

x	x

x

x

Archilochus colubris	Ruby-throated Hummingbird

x

x	x

x

	x

	Archilochus alexandri	Black-chinned Hummingbird

x

	Calypte anna	Anna's Hummingbird

x

	Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Selasphorus rufus	Rufous Hummingbird

x

	Selasphorus sasin	Allen's Hummingbird

x

	Megaceryle alcyon	Belted Kingfisher

	x

x

x

Melanerpes lewis	Lewis's Woodpecker

x

	Sphyrapicus varius	Yellow-bellied Sapsucker	x	x

	x

x

Sphyrapicus ruber	Red-breasted Sapsucker

	x

Contopus sordidulus	Western Wood-Pewee	x

Contopus virens	Eastern Wood-Pewee

x

	x

x

Empidonax flaviventris	Yellow-bellied Flycatcher	x	x

	Empidonax virescens	Acadian Flycatcher	x	x

	x

Empidonax alnorum	Alder Flycatcher

x

x

	Empidonax traillii	Willow Flycatcher	x	x

	x

x

Empidonax minimus	Least Flycatcher	x

x

x

Empidonax difficilis	Pacific-slope Flycatcher	x	x

	x

Empidonax occidentalis	Cordilleran Flycatcher

x

	Sayornis phoebe	Eastern Phoebe

	x	x

x	x

Sayornis saya	Say's Phoebe

	x

Myiarchus cinerascens	Ash-throated Flycatcher

	x

Myiarchus crinitus	Great Crested Flycatcher	x	x

	x	x	x

Tyrannus vociferans	Cassin's Kingbird

	x

Tyrannus verticalis	Western Kingbird

	x	x

	x

x

Tyrannus dominicensis	Gray Kingbird

x

	Tyrannus tyrannus	Eastern Kingbird	x

x	x	x

x

x

Tyrannus forficatus	Scissor-tailed Flycatcher

	x	x	x

Myiodynastes luteiventris	Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher	x	x

	Lanius ludovicianus	Loggerhead Shrike

	x

x	x	x

Vireo bellii	Bell's Vireo

	x

Vireo griseus	White-eyed Vireo	x	x

x	x	x	x

Vireo solitarius	Blue-headed Vireo

x

	x

Vireo cassinii	Cassin's Vireo

x

	Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Vireo flavifrons	Yellow-throated Vireo	x	x

	x

x

Vireo philadelphicus	Philadelphia Vireo	x	x

x	x

Vireo olivaceus	Red-eyed Vireo	x	x

	x

x

Vireo flavoviridis	Yellow-green Vireo	x	x

	Vireo altiloquus	Black-whiskered Vireo	x	x

	Vireo gilvus	Warbling Vireo	x	x

	x

x

Progne subis	Purple Martin

	x	x	x

x

Tachycineta bicolor	Tree Swallow

	x

x

Tachycineta thalassina	Violet-green Swallow

	x

Stelgidopteryx serripennis	Northern Rough-winged Swallow

	x	x	x

x

x

Riparia riparia	Sand Martin

	x

Hirundo rustica	Barn Swallow

	x	x	x

x

x

x

Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	Cliff Swallow

	x

x

x

Petrochelidon fulva	Antillean Cave-Swallow

	x	x

	Certhia americana	Brown Creeper

	x

Cistothorus platensis	Sedge Wren

	x

Cistothorus palustris	Marsh Wren

	x

Troglodytes troglodytes	Winter Wren

	x

Regulus calendula	Ruby-crowned Kinglet	x	x

	Sialia currucoides	Mountain Bluebird

	x

Catharus fuscescens	Veery	x

x

x

Catharus minimus	Gray-cheeked Thrush	x

x

Catharus bicknelli	Bicknell's Thrush	x

Catharus ustulatus	Swainson's Thrush	x	x

	x

x	x

	Catharus guttatus	Hermit Thrush

x

	x

Hylocichla mustelina	Wood Thrush	x	x

	x

x

Turdus migratorius	American Robin

x

x	x	x	x

x

Dumetella carolinensis	Gray Catbird

x

x	x	x	x

x	x

	Oreoscoptes montanus	Sage Thrasher

	x

Toxostoma rufum	Brown Thrasher

	x	x	x	x

	Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Sturnus vulgaris	European Starling

	x	x	x

x

x

Anthus rubescens	American Pipit

	x

x

Bombycilla cedrorum	Cedar Waxwing	x

x

x

x

x

Vermivora bachmanii	Bachman's Warbler	x

Vermivora pinus	Blue-winged Warbler	x	x

	x

x

Vermivora chrysoptera	Golden-winged Warbler	x	x

	Vermivora peregrina	Tennessee Warbler	x	x

	x

x

	x	x

Vermivora celata	Orange-crowned Warbler

x

x

	x

Vermivora ruficapilla	Nashville Warbler	x	x

	x

x

Parula americana	Northern Parula	x	x

	x

Dendroica pensylvanica	Chestnut-sided Warbler	x	x

	x

x

x

Dendroica magnolia	Magnolia Warbler	x	x

	x

x

Dendroica tigrina	Cape May Warbler	x

x

x

x

Dendroica caerulescens	Black-throated Blue Warbler	x	x

	x

x

Dendroica coronata	Yellow-rumped Warbler	x	x

	x	x	x

x

Dendroica nigrescens	Black-throated Gray Warbler

x

	Dendroica townsendi	Townsend's Warbler

	x

Dendroica virens	Black-throated Green Warbler	x	x

	x

	x

	Dendroica chrysoparia	Golden-cheeked Warbler

x

	Dendroica fusca	Blackburnian Warbler

	x

Dendroica dominica	Yellow-throated Warbler	x	x

	x

Dendroica pinus	Pine Warbler

	x

x

Dendroica discolor	Prairie Warbler	x

	x

x

	Dendroica palmarum	Palm Warbler

x	x	x	x

Dendroica castanea	Bay-breasted Warbler	x	x

	x

x

x

Dendroica striata	Blackpoll Warbler	x	x

	Dendroica cerulea	Cerulean Warbler	x

	x

	Mniotilta varia	Black-and-white Warbler	x	x

	x	x	x

x

Setophaga ruticilla	American Redstart	x	x

	x

x

	x

	Protonotaria citrea	Prothonotary Warbler	x

Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Limnothlypis swainsonii	Swainson's Warbler	x

Seiurus aurocapillus	Ovenbird	x	x

	x

x

	x

	Seiurus noveboracensis	Northern Waterthrush	x	x

	x

Seiurus motacilla	Louisiana Waterthrush	x

Oporornis formosus	Kentucky Warbler	x	x

	Oporornis agilis	Connecticut Warbler

x

	x

Oporornis philadelphia	Mourning Warbler

x

	x

Oporornis tolmiei	MacGillivray's Warbler	x	x

x

	Geothlypis trichas	Common Yellowthroat

x	x	x	x

x

Wilsonia citrina	Hooded Warbler	x	x

	Wilsonia pusilla	Wilson's Warbler	x	x

	x	x

x

	Wilsonia canadensis	Canada Warbler	x	x

	x

Icteria virens	Yellow-breasted Chat

x

	Piranga rubra	Summer Tanager

x

	x

x

Piranga olivacea	Scarlet Tanager	x	x

	x

	x

	Piranga ludoviciana	Western Tanager

x

	x	x

	Calcarius mccownii	McCown's Longspur

	x

x

Calcarius lapponicus	Lapland Longspur

	x

x

Calcarius ornatus	Chestnut-collared Longspur

	x

Calamospiza melanocorys	Lark Bunting

	x	x	x

Passerella iliaca	Fox Sparrow

x	x

x

Melospiza lincolnii	Lincoln's Sparrow

	x	x	x

Melospiza georgiana	Swamp Sparrow

x	x	x

	Zonotrichia leucophrys	White-crowned Sparrow

	x	x

	Zonotrichia albicollis	White-throated Sparrow

x	x

Zonotrichia atricapilla	Golden-crowned Sparrow

x

	Junco hyemalis	Dark-eyed Junco

	x

x

Passerculus sandwichensis	Savannah Sparrow

	x

x

x

Ammodramus savannarum	Grasshopper Sparrow

	x

x

	x

	Spizella passerina	Chipping Sparrow

x

x	x	x	x

x

Scientific Name	Common Name	habitat - tropical lowland forest	habitat - forest, second growth habitats	habitat - pasture ag lands	habitat - scrub, second growth habitats	BIAA

field crops	BIAA

citrus	BIAA

orchard	BIAA

berry	BIAA grape

vine

coffee

mango

Spizella breweri	Brewer's Sparrow

	x

Spizella pusilla	Field Sparrow

x	x

x

x

Pooecetes gramineus	Vesper Sparrow

	x

x

x

x

Chondestes grammacus	Lark Sparrow

x	x

x

Pheucticus ludovicianus	Rose-breasted Grosbeak	x	x

	x

x

x

Pheucticus melanocephalus	Black-headed Grosbeak

	x

x

x

Passerina caerulea	Blue Grosbeak

x	x

Passerina amoena	Lazuli Bunting

x

	Passerina cyanea	Indigo Bunting

x

x	x

x

x

x

Passerina ciris	Painted Bunting

x

	Spiza americana	Dickcissel

	x

x

x

Icterus galbula	Baltimore Oriole

x

	x

x	x

x

	Icterus bullockii	Bullock's Oriole

x

	x

x

Icterus spurius	Orchard Oriole

x

	x

x	x

x

	Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus	Yellow-headed Blackbird

	x

x

x

Sturnella neglecta	Western Meadowlark

	x

x

x

Euphagus cyanocephalus	Brewer's Blackbird

	x	x	x

x

x

Molothrus ater	Brown-headed Cowbird

	x	x	x	x	x

x

x

Dolichonyx oryzivorus	Bobolink

	x	x	x

x

x

Carpodacus purpureus	Purple Finch

	x

Carduelis pinus	Pine Siskin

x

	x

Carduelis tristis	American Goldfinch

x

x	x

x

x


[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 64 (Thursday, April 2, 2020)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 18478-18481]
[FR Doc No: 2020-06736]

=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 39

[Docket No. FAA-2020-0293; Project Identifier MCAI-2019-00122-E]
RIN 2120-AA64

Airworthiness Directives; Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG
(Type Certificate Previously Held by Rolls-Royce plc) Turbofan Engines

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM).

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The FAA proposes to adopt a new airworthiness directive (AD)
for certain Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG Trent 1000-AE3, Trent
1000-CE3, Trent 1000-D3, Trent 1000-G3, Trent 1000-H3, Trent 1000-J3,
Trent 1000-K3, Trent 1000-L3, Trent 1000-M3, Trent 1000-N3, Trent 1000-
P3, Trent 1000-Q3, Trent 1000-R3, Trent 7000-72, and Trent 7000-72C
model turbofan engines. This proposed AD was prompted by a report of a
crack finding of the front air seal on the intermediate-pressure
compressor (IPC) shaft assembly during the stripping of a flight test
engine. This proposed AD would require initial and repetitive borescope
inspections (BSIs) of the IPC shaft assembly and, depending on the
results of the inspection, replacement of the IPC shaft assembly with a
part eligible for installation. The FAA is proposing this AD to address
the unsafe condition on these products.

DATES: The FAA must receive comments on this proposed AD by May 18,
2020.

ADDRESSES: You may send comments, using the procedures found in 14 CFR
11.43 and 11.45, by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments.
     Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>.
     Mail: U.S. Department of Transportation, Docket
Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12 140, 1200 New
Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery: Deliver to Mail address above between 9
a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    For service information identified in this NPRM, contact Rolls-
Royce Deutschland Ltd. & Co KG, Eschenweg 11, 15827 Blankenfelde-
Mahlow, Germany; phone: +49 (0) 33 708 6 0; email: https://www.rolls-
royce.com/

contact-us.aspx. You may view this service information at the FAA,
Engine and Propeller Standards Branch, 1200 District Avenue,
Burlington, MA, 01803. For information on the availability of this
material at the FAA, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.

Examining the AD Docket

    You may examine the AD docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating Docket No. FAA-2020-
0293; or in person at Docket Operations between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. The AD docket contains
this NPRM, the mandatory continuing airworthiness information (MCAI),
any comments received, and other information. The street address for
Docket Operations is listed above. Comments will be available in the AD
docket shortly after receipt.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Stephen Elwin, Aerospace Engineer, ECO
Branch, FAA, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803; phone: 781-
238-7236; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>; email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Comments Invited

    The FAA invites you to send any written relevant data, views, or
arguments about this proposal. Send your comments to an address listed
under the ADDRESSES section. Include ``Docket No. FAA-2020-0293;
Project Identifier MCAI-2019-00122-E'' at the beginning of your
comments. The FAA specifically invites comments on the overall
regulatory, economic, environmental, and energy aspects of this NPRM.
The FAA will consider all comments received by the closing date and may
amend this NPRM because of those comments.
    Except for Confidential Business Information (CBI) as described in
the following paragraph, and other information as described in 14 CFR
11.35, the FAA will post all comments received, without change, to
https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information you
provide. The FAA will also post a report summarizing each substantive
verbal contact received about this final rule.

Confidential Business Information

    Confidential Business Information (CBI) is commercial or financial
information that is both customarily and actually treated as private by
its owner. Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) (5 U.S.C. 552),
CBI is exempt from public disclosure. If your comments responsive to
this NPRM contain commercial or financial information that is
customarily treated as private, that you actually treat as private, and
that is relevant or responsive to this NPRM, it is important that you
clearly designate the submitted comments as CBI. Please mark each page
of your submission containing CBI as ``PROPIN.'' The FAA will treat
such marked submissions as confidential under the FOIA, and they will
not be placed in the public docket of this NPRM. Submissions containing
CBI should be sent to Stephen Elwin, Aerospace Engineer, ECO Branch,
FAA, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803. Any commentary that
the FAA receives which is not specifically designated as CBI will be
placed in the public docket for this rulemaking.

Discussion

    The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which is the
Technical Agent for the Member States of the European Community, has
issued EASA AD 2019-0282, dated November 20, 2019 (referred to after
this as ``the MCAI''), to address the unsafe condition on these
products. The MCAI states:

    An occurrence was reported of finding cracks in the front air
seal of the IPC shaft assembly during stripping of a flight test
engine. Follow-up inspections of other in-shop engines revealed two
more cracked front air seals of IPC shaft assemblies.
    This condition, if not detected and corrected, could lead to IPC
shaft failure, possibly resulting in engine in-flight shut-down and
consequent reduced control of the aeroplane.
    To address this potential unsafe condition, Rolls-Royce
developed an inspection method and issued the NMSB, providing those
inspection instructions.
    For the reason described above, this [EASA] AD requires
repetitive on-wing inspections of the front air seal of the affected
part at a specific area between the fourth (rearmost) seal fin of
the IPC shaft assembly front air seal and the IPC Stage 1 disc and,
depending on findings, removal from service of the engine for
corrective action(s).

    You may obtain further information by examining the MCAI in the AD
docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for
and locating Docket No. FAA-2020-0293.

Related Service Information Under 1 CFR Part 51

    The FAA reviewed Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 Alert Non-Modification
Service Bulletin (NMSB) 72-AK451, Initial Issue, dated November 14,
2019. The Alert NMSB describes procedures for initial and repetitive
BSIs of the IPC shaft assembly. This service information is reasonably
available because the interested parties have access to it through
their normal course of business or by the means identified in the
ADDRESSES section.

FAA's Determination

    This product has been approved by EASA and is approved for
operation in the United States. Pursuant to our bilateral agreement
with the European Community, EASA has notified us of the unsafe
condition described in the MCAI and service information referenced
above. The FAA is proposing this AD because we evaluated all the
relevant information provided by EASA and determined the unsafe
condition described previously is likely to exist or develop in other
products of the same type design.

Proposed AD Requirements

    This proposed AD would require initial and repetitive BSIs of the
IPC shaft assembly and, depending on the results of the inspection,
replacement of the IPC shaft assembly with a part eligible for
installation.

Costs of Compliance

    The FAA estimates that this proposed AD affects 14 engines
installed on airplanes of U.S. registry.
    The FAA estimates the following costs to comply with this proposed
AD:

                                                 Estimated Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Cost per       Cost on U.S.
               Action                        Labor cost           Parts cost        product         operators
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BSI IPC shaft assembly..............  3.5 work-hours x $85                 $0          $297.50           $4,165
                                       per hour = $297.50.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The FAA estimates the following costs to do any necessary
replacement that would be required based on the results of the proposed
inspection. The FAA has no way of determining the

number of engines that might need this replacement:

                                               On-Condition Costs
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Cost per
                  Action                                Labor cost                 Parts cost        product
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Replace IPC shaft assembly................  1,080 work-hours x $85 per hour =       $1,365,219       $1,457,019
                                             $91,800.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Authority for This Rulemaking

    Title 49 of the United States Code specifies the FAA's authority to
issue rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I, section 106, describes the
authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII: Aviation Programs,
describes in more detail the scope of the Agency's authority.
    The FAA is issuing this rulemaking under the authority described in
Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701: ``General
requirements.'' Under that section, Congress charges the FAA with
promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in air commerce by prescribing
regulations for practices, methods, and procedures the Administrator
finds necessary for safety in air commerce. This regulation is within
the scope of that authority because it addresses an unsafe condition
that is likely to exist or develop on products identified in this
rulemaking action.

Regulatory Findings

    The FAA determined that this proposed AD would not have federalism
implications under Executive Order 13132. This proposed AD would not
have a substantial direct effect on the States, on the relationship
between the national government and the States, or on the distribution
of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.
    For the reasons discussed above, I certify this proposed
regulation:
    (1) Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under Executive
Order 12866,
    (2) Will not affect intrastate aviation in Alaska, and
    (3) Will not have a significant economic impact, positive or
negative, on a substantial number of small entities under the criteria
of the Regulatory Flexibility Act.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39

    Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation safety, Incorporation by
reference, Safety.

The Proposed Amendment

    Accordingly, under the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the FAA proposes to amend 14 CFR part 39 as follows:

PART 39--AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES

0
1. The authority citation for part 39 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.

Sec.  39.13   [Amended]

0
2. The FAA amends Sec.  39.13 by adding the following new airworthiness
directive (AD):

Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG (Type Certificate Previously
Held by Rolls-Royce plc): Docket No. FAA-2020-0293; Project
Identifier MCAI-2019-00122-E.

(a) Comments Due Date

    The FAA must receive comments by May 18, 2020.

(b) Affected ADs

    None.

(c) Applicability

    This AD applies to:
    (1) Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG (RRD) (Type Certificate
previously held by Rolls-Royce plc) Trent 1000-AE3, Trent 1000-CE3,
Trent 1000-D3, Trent 1000-G3, Trent 1000-H3, Trent 1000-J3, Trent
1000-K3, Trent 1000-L3, Trent 1000-M3, Trent 1000-N3, Trent 1000-P3,
Trent 1000-Q3, and Trent 1000-R3 model turbofan engines.
    (2) RRD Trent 7000-72 and Trent 7000-72C model turbofan engines.

(d) Subject

    Joint Aircraft System Component (JASC) Code 7230, Turbine Engine
Compressor Section.

(e) Unsafe Condition

    This AD was prompted by a report of a crack finding of the front
air seal on the intermediate-pressure compressor (IPC) shaft
assembly during the stripping of a flight test engine. The FAA is
proposing this AD to prevent failure of the IPC shaft assembly. The
unsafe condition, if not addressed, could result in loss of thrust
control and reduced control of the airplane.

(f) Compliance

    Comply with this AD within the compliance times specified,
unless already done.

(g) Required Actions

    (1) Within the compliance times specified in Table 1 to
paragraph (g)(1) of this AD, and thereafter, at intervals not to
exceed 200 flight cycles (FCs), perform a borescope inspection (BSI)
of the IPC shaft assembly, part number KH18436, in accordance with
the Accomplishment Instructions, paragraph 3.B., of Rolls-Royce (RR)
Trent 1000 Alert Non-Modification Service Bulletin (NMSB) 72-AK451,
Initial Issue, dated November 14, 2019.

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP02AP20.001

    (2) An in-shop BSI in accordance with Accomplishment
Instructions, paragraph 3.A, of RR Trent 1000 Alert NMSB 72-AK451,
Initial Issue, dated November 14, 2019, may be substituted for any
on-wing BSI, provided the compliance time specified in Table 1 to
paragraph (g)(1) of this AD is not exceeded.
    (3) If, during any initial or repetitive BSI of the IPC shaft
assembly required by paragraph (g)(1) or (2) of this AD, any crack
is detected, before further flight, remove the IPC shaft assembly
and replace it with a part eligible for installation.

(h) Definitions

    For the purpose of this AD, a ``part eligible for installation''
is:
    (1) An IPC shaft assembly that is new (not previously installed
on an engine);
    (2) An IPC shaft assembly that, before (re)installation, has
passed an inspection (no crack detected) in accordance with
Accomplishment Instructions, paragraph 3.B., of RR Trent 1000 Alert
NMSB 72-AK451, Initial Issue, dated November 14, 2019.

(i) No Reporting Requirement

    The reporting requirements in the Accomplishment Instructions,
paragraphs 3.A. and 3.B., of RR Trent 1000 Alert NMSB 72-AK451,
Initial Issue, dated November 14, 2019, are not required by this AD.

(j) Credit for Previous Actions

    You may take credit for the initial BSI of the IPC shaft
assembly that is required by paragraph (g)(1) of this AD if you
performed the BSI before the effective date of this AD using RR
Trent 1000 NMSB 72-K452, Initial Issue, dated October 21, 2019.

(k) Alternative Methods of Compliance (AMOCs)

    (1) The Manager, ECO Branch, FAA, has the authority to approve
AMOCs for this AD, if requested using the procedures found in 14 CFR
39.19. In accordance with 14 CFR 39.19, send your request to your
principal inspector or local Flight Standards District Office, as
appropriate. If sending information directly to the manager of the
ECO Branch, send it to the attention of the person identified in
paragraph (l)(1) of this AD. You may email your request to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>    (2) Before using any approved AMOC, notify your appropriate
principal inspector, or lacking a principal inspector, the manager
of the local flight standards district office/certificate holding
district office.

(l) Related Information

    (1) For more information about this AD, contact Stephen Elwin,
Aerospace Engineer, ECO Branch, FAA, 1200 District Avenue,
Burlington, MA, 01803; phone:<PHONE_NUMBER>; fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>;
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>    (2) Refer to European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AD
2019-0282, dated November 20, 2019, for more information. You may
examine the EASA AD in the AD docket on the internet at https://www.regulations.gov by searching for and locating it in Docket No.
FAA-2020-0293.
    (3) For service information identified in this AD, contact
Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co KG, Eschenweg 11, 15827
Blankenfelde-Mahlow, Germany; phone: +49 (0) 33 708 6 0; email:
https://www.rolls-royce.com/contact-us.aspx. You may view this
referenced service information at the FAA, Engine and Propeller
Standards Branch, 1200 District Avenue, Burlington, MA, 01803. For
information on the availability of this material at the FAA, call
781-238-7759.

    Issued on March 26, 2020.
Lance T. Gant,
Director, Compliance & Airworthiness Division, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 2020-06736 Filed 4-1-20; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


[Federal Register Volume 78, Number 32 (Friday, February 15, 2013)]
[Notices]
[Page 11170]
[FR Doc No: 2013-03498]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

[Docket No. OR13-14-000]

Western Refining Pipeline Company; Notice for Temporary Waiver of
Filing and Reporting Requirements

    On January 29, 2013, Western Refining Pipeline Company (Western)
filed a Request for Temporary Waiver of the Tariff Filing and Reporting
Requirements under sections 6 and 20 of the Interstate Commerce Act and
related Commission regulations (18 CFR parts 341 and 357 (2012).
Western plans to construct and operate new pipeline facilities for the
transportation of crude oil from tankage facilities located in Lea and
Eddy Counties, New Mexico (New Mexico Facilities) to downstream
markets.
    Any person desiring to intervene or to protest in this proceeding
must file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's
Rules of Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211 and 385.214) on or
before 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on the specified comment date. Protests
will be considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate
action to be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to
the proceeding. Anyone filing a motion to intervene or protest must
serve a copy of that document on the Applicant. In reference to filings
initiating a new proceeding, interventions or protests submitted on or
before the comment deadline need not be served on persons other than
the Applicant.
    The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests and
interventions in lieu of paper, using the FERC Online links at http://www.ferc.gov. To facilitate electronic service, persons with Internet
access who will eFile a document and/or be listed as a contact for an
intervenor must create and validate an eRegistration account using the
eRegistration link. Select the eFiling link to log on and submit the
intervention or protests.
    Persons unable to file electronically should submit an original and
14 copies of the intervention or protest to the Federal Energy
Regulatory Commission, 888 First St. NE., Washington, DC 20426.
    The filings in the above proceedings are accessible in the
Commission's eLibrary system by clicking on the appropriate link in the
above list. They are also available for review in the Commission's
Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an eSubscription link
on the web site that enables subscribers to receive email notification
when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For assistance with
any FERC Online service, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or
call<PHONE_NUMBER> (toll free). For TTY, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    Comment Date: 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Friday, February 15, 2013.

    Dated: February 8, 2013.
Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2013-03498 Filed 2-14-13; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6717-01-P