percent). At 50 km, the remaining percentages for the demographics are
similar to or below the national average.

 Table 39--Proximity Demographic Assessment Results for Existing Facilities Subject to NSPS Subparts VV and VVa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Population within 50 km   Population within 5 km
          Demographic group                   Nationwide           of 575 facilities        of 575 facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Population.....................  328,016,242............  140,946,443............  8,084,246
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Race and Ethnicity by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White................................  60.....................  62.....................  50
African American.....................  12.....................  15.....................  24
Native American......................  0.7....................  0.4....................  0.4
Hispanic or Latino (includes white     19.....................  15.....................  20
 and nonwhite).
Other and Multiracial................  8......................  8......................  5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Income by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Below Poverty Level..................  13.....................  14.....................  20
Above Poverty Level..................  87.....................  86.....................  80
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Education by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Over 25 and without a High School      12.....................  12.....................  17
 Diploma.
Over 25 and with a High School         88.....................  88.....................  83
 Diploma.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Linguistically Isolated by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linguistically Isolated..............  5......................  5......................  6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
 The nationwide population count and all demographic percentages are based on the Census' 2015-2019
  American Community Survey five-year block group averages and include Puerto Rico. Demographic percentages
  based on different averages may differ. The total population counts are based on the 2010 Decennial Census
  block populations.
 To avoid double counting, the ``Hispanic or Latino'' category is treated as a distinct demographic
  category for these analyses. A person is identified as one of five racial/ethnic categories above: White,
  African American, Native American, Other and Multiracial, or Hispanic/Latino. A person who identifies as
  Hispanic or Latino is counted as Hispanic/Latino for this analysis, regardless of what race this person may
  have also identified as in the Census.

    The proposed NSPS subpart VVb covers VOC emissions from certain
equipment leaks in the SOCMI from sources that are constructed,
reconstructed, or modified after April 25, 2023. NSPS subpart VVb will
result in reduced VOC emissions by requiring the same requirements in
NSPS subpart VVa plus requiring that all gas/vapor and light liquid
valves be monitored quarterly at a leak definition of 100 ppm and all
connectors be monitored once every 12 months at a leak definition of
500 ppm. For each of these requirements, we are proposing skip periods
for good performance.
    The methodology and the results (including facility-specific
results) of the demographic analysis are presented in the document
titled Analysis of Demographic Factors for Populations Living Near
Existing Facilities Subject to NSPS Subparts VV or VVa, which is
available in the docket for this action.
6. Proximity Demographics Analysis for NSPS Subparts IIIa, NNNa, and
RRRa
    Consistent with the EPA's commitment to integrating EJ in the
Agency's actions, and following the directives set forth in multiple
Executive Orders as well as CAA section 111(b)(1)(B), the Agency has
carefully considered the impacts of the proposed NSPS subparts IIIa,
NNNa, and RRRa on communities with EJ concerns. The proposed NSPS
subparts IIIa, NNNa, and RRRa cover VOC emissions from certain process
vents in the SOCMI from sources that are constructed, reconstructed, or
modified after April 25, 2023.
    Executive Order 12898 directs the EPA to identify the populations
of concern who are most likely to experience unequal burdens from
environmental harms; specifically, minority populations, low-income
populations, and indigenous peoples (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
Additionally, Executive Order 13985 is intended to advance racial
equity and support underserved communities through Federal government
actions (86 FR 7009, January 20, 2021). The EPA defines EJ as ``the
fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of
race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the
development, implementation, and

enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.'' \171\
The EPA further defines the term fair treatment to mean that ``no group
of people should bear a disproportionate burden of environmental harms
and risks, including those resulting from the negative environmental
consequences of industrial, governmental, and commercial operations or
programs and policies.'' In recognizing that minority and low-income
populations often bear an unequal burden of environmental harms and
risks, the EPA continues to consider ways of protecting them from
adverse public health and environmental effects of air pollution.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \171\ See footnote 168.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The locations of the new, modified, and reconstructed sources that
will become subject to NSPS subparts IIIa, NNNa, and RRRa are not
known. Therefore, to examine the potential for any EJ issues that might
be associated with the proposed subparts, we performed a proximity
demographic analysis for 266 existing facilities that are currently
subject to NSPS subpart III, NNN, or RRR. These represent facilities
that might modify or reconstruct in the future and become subject to
the proposed NSPS requirements. This proximity demographic analysis
characterized the individual demographic groups of the populations
living within 5 km (~3.1 miles) and within 50 km (~31 miles) of the
existing facilities. The EPA then compared the data from this analysis
to the national average for each of the demographic groups.
    The proximity demographic analysis shows that, within 5 km of the
facilities, the percent of the population that is African American is
almost double the national average (23 percent versus 12 percent). In
addition, the percent of the population within 5 km of the facilities
that is Hispanic or Latino is also above the national average (23
percent versus 19 percent). The percent of people within 5 km living
below the poverty level is significantly higher than the national
average (20 percent versus 13 percent). The percent of people living
within 5 km that are over 25 without a high school diploma is also
higher than the national average (17 percent versus 12 percent). The
proximity demographics analysis shows that within 50 km of the
facilities, the percent of the population that is African American is
above the national average (18 percent versus 12 percent). At 50 km,
the remaining percentages for the demographics are similar to or below
the national average.

Table 40--Proximity Demographic Assessment Results for Existing Facilities Subject to NSPS Subparts III, NNN, or
                                                       RRR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                Population
                                                                                within 50 km     Population
                        Demographic group                           Nationwide        of 266      within 5 km of
                                                                                facilities    266 facilities
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Population................................................     328,016,242      96,017,770       4,624,154
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Race and Ethnicity by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
White...........................................................              60              59              48
African American................................................              12              18              23
Native American.................................................             0.7             0.4             0.4
Hispanic or Latino (includes white and nonwhite)................              19              15              23
Other and Multiracial...........................................               8               7               5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Income by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Below Poverty Level.............................................              13              14              20
Above Poverty Level.............................................              87              86              80
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                              Education by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Over 25 and without a High School Diploma.......................              12              12              17
Over 25 and with a High School Diploma..........................              88              88              83
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       Linguistically Isolated by Percent
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Linguistically Isolated.........................................               5               5               6
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes:
 The nationwide population count and all demographic percentages are based on the Census' 2015-2019
  American Community Survey five-year block group averages and include Puerto Rico. Demographic percentages
  based on different averages may differ. The total population counts are based on the 2010 Decennial Census
  block populations.
 To avoid double counting, the ``Hispanic or Latino'' category is treated as a distinct demographic
  category for these analyses. A person is identified as one of five racial/ethnic categories above: White,
  African American, Native American, Other and Multiracial, or Hispanic/Latino. A person who identifies as
  Hispanic or Latino is counted as Hispanic/Latino for this analysis, regardless of what race this person may
  have also identified as in the Census.

    The proposed NSPS subparts IIIa, NNNa, and RRRa cover VOC emissions
from certain process vents in the SOCMI from sources that are
constructed, reconstructed, or modified after April 25, 2023. The
proposed NSPS subparts IIIa, NNNa, and RRRa will result in reduced VOC
emissions by requiring all vent streams from an affected facility to be
controlled, eliminating the relief valve discharge exemption from the
definition of ``vent stream'' such that any relief valve discharge to
the atmosphere of a vent stream is a violation of the emissions
standard, and prohibiting an owner or operator from bypassing the APCD
at any time, and if a bypass is used, it is considered a violation. In
addition, we are proposing the same operating and monitoring
requirements for flares that we are proposing for flares subject to the
HON, the same work practice standards for maintenance vents that we are

proposing for HON process vents, and the same monitoring requirements
that we are proposing for HON process vents for adsorbers that cannot
be regenerated and regenerative adsorbers that are regenerated offsite
(see section III.C.3.b of this preamble).
    The methodology and the results (including facility-specific
results) of the demographic analysis are presented in the document
titled Analysis of Demographic Factors for Populations Living Near
Existing Facilities Subject to NSPS Subparts III, NNN, or RRR, which is
available in the docket for this action.

G. What analysis of children's environmental health did we conduct?

    This action proposes to address risk from, among other HAP, EtO and
chloroprene. In addition, the EPA's Policy on Children's Health \172\
also applies to this action. Accordingly, we have evaluated the
environmental health or safety effects of EtO and chloroprene emissions
and exposures on children.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \172\ Children's Health Policy Available at: https://www.epa.gov/children/childrens-health-policy-and-plan.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Because EtO and chloroprene are mutagenic (i.e., they can damage
DNA), children are expected to be more susceptible to their harmful
effects. To take this into account, as part of the risk assessment in
support of this rulemaking, the EPA followed its guidelines \173\ and
applied age-dependent adjustment factors (ADAFs) for childhood
exposures (from birth up to 16 years of age). With the ADAF applied to
account for greater susceptibility of children, the adjusted EtO
inhalation URE is 5 x 10-\3\ per [micro]g/m\3\ and the
adjusted chloroprene inhalation URE is 4.8 x 10-\4\ per
[micro]g/m\3\. It should be noted that, because EtO and chloroprene are
mutagenic, emission reductions proposed in this preamble will be
particularly beneficial to children. The results of the risk assessment
are contained in sections III.A and B of this preamble and further
documented in the risk reports, Residual Risk Assessment for the SOCMI
Source Category in Support of the 2023 Risk and Technology Review
Proposed Rule and Residual Risk Assessment for the Polymers & Resins I
Neoprene Production Source Category in Support of the 2023 Risk and
Technology Review Proposed Rule, which are available in the docket for
this rulemaking.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \173\ U.S. EPA. 2005. Supplemental Guidance for Assessing
Susceptibility from Early-Life Exposure to Carcinogens. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/630/R-03/003F.
https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2013-09/documents/childrens_supplement_final.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. Request for Comments

    We solicit comments on this proposed action. In addition to general
comments on this proposed action, we are also interested in additional
data that may improve the analyses. We are specifically interested in
receiving any information regarding developments in practices,
processes, and control technologies that reduce emissions. We are also
interested in receiving information on costs, emissions, and product
recovery and we request comment on how to address the non-monetized
costs and benefits of the proposed rule. We request comment on data and
approaches to monetize the health benefits of reducing exposure to
ethylene oxide, chloroprene, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, ethylene
dichloride, vinyl chloride, chlorine, maleic anhydride, and acrolein.
For our production estimates, we request comment on the assumptions of
the simulation model and their consistency with market conditions and
dynamics. We welcome specific comment on impacts on downstream
industries and markets, including prices for medical supplies, foods,
microchips, semiconductors, gasoline, or other products. In addition,
we request estimates of any potential loss of production while bringing
facilities into compliance and forgone returns due to displaced
investment. Finally, the EPA attempted to ensure that the SSM
provisions we are proposing to eliminate are inappropriate,
unnecessary, or redundant in the absence of the SSM exemption and are
specifically seeking comment on whether we have successfully done so.
    With respect to EtO emissions from equipment leaks, given the
uncertainty of emissions from these fugitive sources and that they
drive risk for a number of HON facilities (i.e., seven HON facilities
present >=100-in-1 million cancer risk from emissions of EtO from
equipment leaks at HON processes), the EPA is also soliciting comment
on whether additional control options should be considered for
equipment leaks beyond those discussed in section III.B.2.a.ii of this
preamble, which proposes that valves, connectors, and pumps in EtO
service be monitored monthly using EPA Method 21 of 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A-7, with leak definitions of 100 ppm, 100 ppm, and 500 ppm,
respectively. In particular, the EPA is aware of a number of additional
technologies used by other regulated industries that could be
implemented to monitor and/or reduce leaks of EtO, including requiring
use of ``leakless'' (i.e., low-emitting) equipment for valves and pumps
in EtO service, use of optical gas imaging (OGI) (i.e., use of a
thermal infrared camera) to find large leaks faster, and use of leak
detection sensor networks (LDSNs) that could potentially identify leaks
of EtO at HON facilities.\174\ OGI refers to the creation of images of
gas emissions through thermal infrared cameras. While the application,
specification, and target gases of an OGI instrument may differ, the
general function of an OGI camera is to detect the infrared energy of
the target gas and filter out the light outside of the infrared
frequency range to create an image of the target gas plume. In the
context of leak detection, a hand-held OGI camera can create a video
image of a plume of gas emanating from a leak. A LDSN comprises a
network of leak detection sensor nodes installed to provide coverage of
all LDAR applicable components in a process unit and an accompanying
analytics platform for identifying potential leak source locations. A
short-term excursion of an individual sensor's output above a set
baseline level would indicate a possible leak. Facilities can
investigate the possible leak within the potential leak source
location. The network, analytics platform, and detection response
framework are generally designed to enable timely detection of
significant emissions so that facilities can more rapidly mitigate
leaks.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \174\ See, e.g., 40 CFR 60.18(g), 40 CFR 61.65(b)(8), 40 CFR
63.11(c), and 40 CFR 63.11956; U.S. Envtl. Prot. Agency, Standards
of Performance for New, Reconstructed, and Modified Sources and
Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Oil and Natural Gas
Sector Climate Review, 87 FR 74,702 (Dec. 6, 2022); Notice of Final
for Approval of Alternative Means of Emission Limitation (88 FR
8844, February 10, 2023).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As EPA does not have sufficient information to evaluate potential
additional HAP reductions that may be realized by these technologies in
the chemical sector, we solicit comment on the emissions reductions
that have been or could be achieved by use of ``leakless'' valves and
pumps, use of OGI, and use of LDSNs, the costs and cost-effectiveness
of applying these technologies, including any cost-effectiveness
comparisons of applying the technologies for different components and
at different frequencies, and any relevant available data and studies.
    We also request comment on whether and how the application of these
technologies would reduce risk, and whether and how EPA should consider
application of these technologies to reinforce or enhance the proposed

equipment leak control requirements. EPA also requests comments on ways
to streamline approval of alternative LDAR programs, use of remote
sensing techniques, use of sensor networks, or other alternatives for
detection of equipment leaks.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders
can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    Under section 3(f)(1) of Executive Order 12866, this action is a
significant regulatory action that was submitted to the Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) for review. Any changes made in response to
recommendations received as part of Executive Order 12866 review have
been documented in the docket. The EPA prepared an analysis of the
potential costs and benefits associated with this action. This
analysis, the Regulatory Impact Analysis, is available in the docket
for this action.
    To satisfy requirements of E.O. 12866, the EPA projected the
emissions reductions, costs, and benefits that may result from these
proposed rulemakings. These results are presented in detail in the
regulatory impact analysis (RIA) accompanying this proposal developed
in response to E.O. 12866. We present these results for each of the 10
subparts included in this proposed action, and also cumulatively. This
action is economically significant according to E.O. 12866 due to the
proposed amendments to the HON. The RIA focuses on the elements of the
proposed rulemaking that are likely to result in quantifiable cost or
emissions changes compared to a baseline without the proposal that
incorporates changes to regulatory requirements. We estimated the cost,
emissions, and benefits for the 2024 to 2038 period. We show the PV and
EAV of costs, benefits, and net benefits of this action in 2021
dollars.
    The initial analysis year in the RIA is 2024 because we assume the
large majority of impacts associated with the proposed rulemakings will
begin in that year. The NSPS will take effect immediately upon the
effective date of the final rule (i.e., 60 days after publication of
the final rule in the Federal Register) and impact sources constructed
after publication of the proposed rule, but these impacts are much
lower than those of the other three NESHAP rulemakings in this action.
The other three rules, all under the provisions of CAA section 112,
will also take effect 60 days after publication of the final rule in
the Federal Register, but not require compliance with new requirements
in some cases until three years after the effective date). Therefore,
their impacts (at least the great majority of them) will begin in 2024.
The final analysis year for benefits and costs is 2038, which allows us
to provide 15 years of projected impacts after all of these rules are
assumed to require compliance.
    The cost analysis presented in the RIA reflects a nationwide
engineering analysis of compliance cost and emissions reductions, of
which there are two main components. The first component is a set of
representative or model plants for each regulated facility, segment,
and control option. The characteristics of the model plant include
typical equipment, operating characteristics, and representative
factors including baseline emissions and the costs, emissions
reductions, and product recovery resulting from each control option.
The second component is a set of projections of data for affected
facilities, distinguished by vintage, year, and other necessary
attributes (e.g., precise content of material in storage vessels).
Impacts are calculated by setting parameters on how and when affected
facilities are assumed to respond to a particular regulatory regime,
multiplying data by model plant cost and emissions estimates,
differencing from the baseline scenario, and then summing to the
desired level of aggregation. In addition to emissions reductions, some
control options result in product recovery, which can then be sold
where possible. Where applicable, we present projected compliance costs
with and without the projected revenues from product recovery.
    The EPA expects health benefits due to the emissions reductions
projected under these proposed rulemakings. We expect that HAP emission
reductions will improve health and welfare associated with exposure by
those affected by these emissions. In addition, the EPA expects that
VOC emission reductions that will occur concurrent with the reductions
of HAP emissions will improve air quality and are likely to improve
health and welfare associated with exposure to ozone, PM2.5,
SO2, and HAP. The EPA also expects disbenefits from
secondary increases of CO2, NOX, CO, and benefits
from reductions in methane emissions associated with the control
options included in the cost analysis. We estimate the social benefits
of GHG reductions expected to occur as a result of the proposed
standards using estimates of the social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-
GHG),\175\ specifically using the social cost of carbon (SC-
CO2), social cost of methane (SC-CH4), and social
cost of nitrous oxide (SC-N2O). The SC-GHG is the monetary
value of the net harm to society associated with a marginal increase in
GHG emissions in a given year, or the benefit of avoiding that
increase. In principle, SC-GHG includes the value of all climate change
impacts (both negative and positive), including (but not limited to)
changes in net agricultural productivity, human health effects,
property damage from increased flood risk and natural disasters,
disruption of energy systems, risk of conflict, environmental
migration, and the value of ecosystem services. The SC-GHG, therefore,
reflects the societal value of reducing emissions of the gas in
question by one metric ton and is the theoretically appropriate value
to use in conducting benefit-cost analyses of policies that affect GHG
emissions. In practice, data and modeling limitations naturally
restrain the ability of SC-GHG estimates to include all the important
physical, ecological, and economic impacts of climate change, such that
the estimates are a partial accounting of climate change impacts and
will therefore tend to be underestimates of the marginal benefits of
abatement. The EPA and other Federal agencies began regularly
incorporating SC-GHG estimates in their benefit-cost analyses conducted
under Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 \176\ since 2008, following a Ninth
Circuit Court of Appeals remand of a rule for failing to monetize the
benefits of reducing GHG emissions in that rulemaking process. We
conduct such

an analysis to monetize the benefits of reducing GHG emissions (or
disbenefits, if these emissions increase) for this proposal as the EPA
has done for recent rulemakings (e.g., the recently promulgated Good
Neighbor rule).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \175\ Estimates of the social cost of greenhouse gases are gas-
specific (e.g., social cost of carbon (SC-CO2), social
cost of methane (SC-CH4), social cost of nitrous oxide
(SC-N2O)), but collectively they are referenced as the
social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-GHG).
    \176\ Presidents since the 1970s have issued executive orders
requiring agencies to conduct analysis of the economic consequences
of regulations as part of the rulemaking development process. E.O.
12866, released in 1993 and still in effect today, requires that for
all significant regulatory actions, an agency provide an assessment
of the potential costs and benefits of the regulatory action, and
that this assessment include a quantification of benefits and costs
to the extent feasible. Many statutes also require agencies to
conduct at least some of the same analyses required under E.O.
12866, such as the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, which
mandates the setting of fuel economy regulations. For purposes of
this action, monetized climate benefits are presented for purposes
of providing a complete benefit-cost analysis under E.O. 12866 and
other relevant executive orders. The estimates of change in GHG
emissions and the monetized benefits associated with those changes
play no part in the record basis for this action.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Discussion of the monetized and non-monetized benefits and climate
disbenefits can be found in Chapter 4 of the RIA which is available in
the docket for this rulemaking.
    Tables 41 through 45 of this preamble present the emission changes,
and PV and EAV of the projected monetized benefits, compliance costs,
and net benefits over the 2024 to 2038 period under the proposed
rulemaking for each subpart. Table 46 of this preamble presents the
same results for the cumulative impact of these rulemakings. All
discounting of impacts presented, except for compliance costs, uses
discount rates of 3 and 7 percent.

     Table 41--Monetized Benefits, Costs, and Net Benefits of the Proposed HON Amendments, 2024 Through 2038
                               [Dollar estimates in millions of 2021 dollars] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          3 Percent discount rate                 7 Percent discount rate
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PV                  EAV                 PV                  EAV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits \b\....................  $78 and $690......  $6.5 and $58......  $53 and $470......  $5.8 and $51.
Climate Disbenefits (3 percent)   $(25.4)...........  $(2.1)............  $(25.4)...........  $(2.1).
 \c\.
Net Compliance Costs \d\........  $1,385............  $116..............  $922..............  $101.
Compliance Costs................  $1,393............  $117..............  $927..............  $102.
Value of Product Recovery.......  $8................  $1................  $5................  $0.8.
Net Benefits....................  $(1,280) and        $(107) and $(56)..  $(844) and $(427).  $(93) and $(48).
                                   $(670).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonmonetized Benefits: HAP emissions reductions of 5,726 tpy including 58 tpy reduction in ethylene oxide
 emissions. Health effects of reduced exposure to ethylene oxide and also chloroprene, benzene, 1,3-butadiene,
 vinyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, chlorine, maleic anhydride, and acrolein.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding. Short
  tons are standard English tons (2,000 pounds).
\b\ Monetized benefits include ozone related health benefits associated with reductions in VOC emissions. The
  health benefits are associated with several point estimates and are presented at real discount rates of 3 and
  7 percent. The two benefits estimates are separated by the word ``and'' to signify that they are two separate
  estimates. The estimates do not represent lower- and upper-bound estimates. Benefits from annual HAP
  reductions and VOC reductions outside of the ozone season remain unmonetized and are thus not reflected in the
  table. Climate benefits and disbenefits are estimated at a real discount rate of 3 percent. The unmonetized
  effects also include disbenefits resulting from the secondary impact of an increase in CO emissions. Please
  see Chapter 4 of the RIA for more discussion of the health and climate benefits and disbenefits.
\c\ Climate benefits and disbenefits are based on changes (decreases and increases) in CO2, methane and N2O
  emissions and are calculated using four different estimates of the social cost of carbon (SC-GHG) (model
  average at 2.5 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent discount rates; 95th percentile at 3 percent discount rate).
  For the presentational purposes of this table, we show the benefits and disbenefits associated with the
  average SC-GHG at a 3 percent discount rate, but the Agency does not have a single central SC-GHG point
  estimate. We emphasize the importance and value of considering the disbenefits calculated using all four SC-
  GHG estimates. As discussed in Chapter 4 of the RIA, a consideration of climate disbenefits calculated using
  discount rates below 3 percent, including 2 percent and lower, is also warranted when discounting
  intergenerational impacts. The use of parentheses surrounding a number denotes a negative value for that
  number. For climate disbenefits, a negative disbenefit is a benefit (and thus a positive value).
\d\ Net compliance costs are the rulemaking costs minus the value of recovered product. A negative net
  compliance costs occurs when the value of the recovered product exceeds the compliance costs.

 Table 42--Monetized Benefits, Compliance Costs, and Net Benefits of the Proposed P&R I Amendments, 2024 Through
                                                      2038
                               [Dollar estimates in millions of 2021 dollars] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          3 Percent discount rate                 7 Percent discount rate
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PV                  EAV                 PV                  EAV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits \b\....................  $2.6 and $23......  $0.22 and $1.9....  $1.8 and $16......  $0.19 and $1.7.
Climate Disbenefits (3 percent)   $40.5.............  $3.4..............  $40.5.............  $3.4.
 \c\.
Net Compliance Costs \d\........  $121..............  $10...............  $78...............  $8.6.
Compliance Costs................  $122..............  $10.2.............  $79...............  $8.7.
Value of Product Recovery.......  $1................  $0.2..............  $1................  $0.1.
Net Benefits....................  $(159) and $(139).  $(13) and $(12)...  $(116) and $(103).  $(12) and $(10).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonmonetized Benefits: HAP emissions reductions 326 tpy including 14 tpy reduction in chloroprene emissions.
 Health effects of reduced exposure to chloroprene and benzene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl chloride, ethylene
 dichloride, chlorine, maleic anhydride, and acrolein.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding. Short
  tons are standard English tons (2,000 pounds).
\b\ Monetized benefits include ozone related health benefits associated with reductions in VOC emissions. The
  health benefits are associated with several point estimates and are presented at real discount rates of 3 and
  7 percent. The two benefits estimates are separated by the word ``and'' to signify that they are two separate
  estimates. The estimates do not represent lower- and upper-bound estimates and should not be summed. Benefits
  from annual HAP reductions and VOC reductions outside of the ozone season remain unmonetized and are thus not
  reflected in the table.

\c\ Climate benefits and disbenefits are based on changes (decreases and increases) in CO2, methane and N2O
  emissions and are calculated using four different estimates of the social cost of carbon (SC-GHG) (model
  average at 2.5 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent discount rates; 95th percentile at 3 percent discount rate).
  For the presentational purposes of this table, we show the benefits and disbenefits associated with the
  average SC-GHG at a 3 percent discount rate, but the Agency does not have a single central SC-GHG point
  estimate. We emphasize the importance and value of considering the disbenefits calculated using all four SC-
  GHG estimates. As discussed in Chapter 4 of the RIA, a consideration of climate disbenefits calculated using
  discount rates below 3 percent, including 2 percent and lower, is also warranted when discounting
  intergenerational impacts. The use of parentheses surrounding a number denotes a negative value for that
  number.
\d\ Net compliance costs are the rulemaking costs minus the value of recovered product. A negative net
  compliance costs occurs when the value of the recovered product exceeds the compliance costs.

   Table 43--Monetized Benefits, Compliance Costs, Emission Reductions and Net Benefits of the Proposed P&R II
                                          Amendments, 2024 Through 2038
                               [Dollar estimates in millions of 2021 dollars] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          3 Percent discount rate                 7 Percent discount rate
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PV                  EAV                 PV                  EAV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits \b\....................  <$0.1.............  <$0.1.............  <$0.1.............  <$0.1.
Net Compliance Costs \c\........  $4................  $0.4..............  $3................  $0.4
Compliance Costs................  $4................  $0.4..............  $3................  $0.4
Value of Product Recovery.......  $0................  $0................  $0................  $0
Net Benefits....................  $(4)..............  $(0.4)............  $(3)..............  $(0.4).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonmonetized Benefits: HAP emissions reductions 1 tpy. Health effects of reduced exposure to epichlorohydrin.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding. Short
  tons are standard English tons (2,000 pounds).
\b\ Monetized benefits include ozone related health benefits associated with reductions in VOC emissions. The
  health benefits are associated with several point estimates and are presented at real discount rates of 3 and
  7 percent. The two benefits estimates are separated by the word ``and'' to signify that they are two separate
  estimates. The estimates do not represent lower- and upper-bound estimates. Benefits from VOC reductions
  outside of the ozone season remain unmonetized and are thus not reflected in the table.
\c\ Net compliance costs are the rulemaking costs minus the value of recovered product. A negative net
  compliance costs occurs when the value of the recovered product exceeds the compliance costs.

      Table 44--Monetized Benefits, Costs, and Net Benefits of Proposed NSPS Subpart VVb, 2024 Through 2038
                               [Dollar estimates in millions of 2021 dollars] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          3 Percent discount rate                 7 Percent discount rate
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PV                  EAV                 PV                  EAV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits \b\....................  $1.2 and $11......  $0.10 and $0.93...  $0.85 and $7.5....  $0.09 and $0.82.
Net Compliance Costs \c\........  $11...............  $0.9..............  $8................  $0.9.
Compliance Costs................  $13.3.............  $1.1..............  $9.7..............  $1.1.
Value of Product Recovery.......  $2.3..............  $0.2..............  $1.7..............  $0.2.
Net Benefits....................  $(9.8) and $0.....  $(0.8) and $0.03..  $(7.15) and $(0.5)  $(0.81) and
                                                                                $(0.08).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding. Short
  tons are standard English tons (2,000 pounds).
\b\ Monetized benefits include ozone related health benefits associated with reductions in VOC emissions. The
  health benefits are associated with several point estimates and are presented at real discount rates of 3 and
  7 percent. The two benefits estimates are separated by the word ``and'' to signify that they are two separate
  estimates. The estimates do not represent lower- and upper-bound estimates. Benefits from HAP reductions and
  VOC reductions outside of the ozone season remain unmonetized and are thus not reflected in the table. There
  are no climate benefits and disbenefits for this proposed rule.
\c\ Net compliance costs are the rulemaking costs minus the value of recovered product. A negative net
  compliance costs occurs when the value of the recovered product exceeds the compliance costs.

   Table 45--Monetized Benefits, Costs, and Net Benefits of Proposed NSPS Subparts IIIa, NNNa, and RRRa, 2024
                                                  Through 2038
                               [Dollar estimates in millions of 2021 dollars] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          3 Percent discount rate                 7 Percent discount rate
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PV                  EAV                 PV                  EAV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits \b\....................  $4.6 and $41......  $0.39 and $3.5....  $3.2 and $28......  $0.35 and $3.0.
Climate Disbenefits (3 percent)   $(6.8)............  $(0.57)...........  $(6.8)............  $(0.57).
 \c\.
Net Compliance Costs \d\........  $56...............  $4.7..............  $40...............  $4.4.
Compliance Costs................  $56...............  $4.7..............  $40...............  $4.4.
Value of Product Recovery.......  $0................  $0................  $0................  $0.
Net Benefits....................  $(45) and $(8)....  $(3.7) and $(0.6).  $(30) and $(5)....  $(3.5) and $(0.8).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding. Short
  tons are standard English tons (2,000 pounds).

\b\ Monetized benefits include ozone related health benefits associated with reductions in VOC emissions. The
  health benefits are associated with several point estimates and are presented at real discount rates of 3 and
  7 percent. The two benefits estimates are separated by the word ``and'' to signify that they are two separate
  estimates. The estimates do not represent lower- and upper-bound estimates. Benefits from HAP reductions and
  VOC reductions outside of the ozone season remain unmonetized and are thus not reflected in the table. Climate
  disbenefits are estimated at a real discount rate of 3 percent. The unmonetized effects also include
  disbenefits resulting from the secondary impact of an increase in CO emissions. Please see Chapter 4 of the
  RIA for more discussion of the climate disbenefits.
\c\ Climate disbenefits (inclusive of benefits) are based on changes (increases) in CO2 and N2O emissions and
  decreases in methane emissions and are calculated using four different estimates of the social cost of carbon
  (SC-GHG) (model average at 2.5 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent discount rates; 95th percentile at 3 percent
  discount rate). For the presentational purposes of this table, we show the disbenefits associated with the
  average SC-GHG at a real 3 percent discount rate, but the Agency does not have a single central SC-GHG point
  estimate. We emphasize the importance and value of considering the disbenefits calculated using all four SC-
  GHG estimates. Please see Table 4-11 of the RIA for the full range of SC-GHG estimates. As discussed in
  Chapter 4 of the RIA, a consideration of climate benefits and disbenefits calculated using discount rates
  below 3 percent, including 2 percent and lower, is also warranted when discounting intergenerational impacts.
\d\ Net compliance costs are the rulemaking costs minus the value of recovered product. A negative net
  compliance costs occurs when the value of the recovered product exceeds the compliance costs. A number in
  parentheses denotes a negative value.

      Table 46--Cumulative Monetized Benefits, Costs, Emission Reductions and Net Benefits of the Proposed
                                         Rulemakings, 2024 Through 2038
                               [Dollar estimates in millions of 2021 dollars] \a\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          3 Percent discount rate                 7 Percent discount rate
                                 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          PV                  EAV                 PV                  EAV
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefits \b\....................  $81 and $730......  $6.8 and $61......  $56 and $490......  $6.1 and $54.
Climate Disbenefits (3 percent)   $8.2..............  $0.7..............  $8.2..............  $0.7.
 \c\.
Net Compliance Costs \d\........  $1,579............  $132..............  $1,052............  $121.
Compliance Costs................  $1,590............  $133.4............  $1,059.7..........  $122.1.
Value of Product Recovery.......  $11...............  $1.4..............  $7.7..............  $1.1.
Net Benefits....................  $(1,506) and        $(126) and $(71)..  $(1,100) and        $(110) and $(63).
                                   $(857).                                 $(570).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nonmonetized Benefits: HAP emissions reductions of 6,053 tons of HAP. Health effects of reduced exposure to
 ethylene oxide, chloroprene, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, vinyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, chlorine, maleic
 anhydride, acrolein, and epichlorohydrin.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\a\ Values rounded to two significant figures. Totals may not appear to add correctly due to rounding. Short
  tons are standard English tons (2,000 pounds).
\b\ Monetized benefits include ozone related health benefits associated with reductions in VOC emissions. The
  health benefits are associated with several point estimates and are presented at real discount rates of 3 and
  7 percent. The two benefits estimates are separated by the word ``and'' to signify that they are two separate
  estimates. The estimates do not represent lower- and upper-bound estimates. Benefits from HAP reductions and
  VOC reductions outside of the ozone season remain unmonetized and are thus not reflected in the table. Climate
  disbenefits (inclusive of benefits) are estimated at a real discount rate of 3 percent. The unmonetized
  effects also include disbenefits resulting from the secondary impact of an increase in CO emissions. Please
  see Chapter 4 of the RIA for more discussion of the climate disbenefits.
\c\ Climate disbenefits are based on changes (increases) in CO2 and N2O emissions and decreases in methane
  emissions and are calculated using four different estimates of the social cost of carbon (SC-GHG) (model
  average at 2.5 percent, 3 percent, and 5 percent discount rates; 95th percentile at 3 percent discount rate).
  For the presentational purposes of this table, we show the disbenefits associated with the average SC-GHG at a
  3 percent discount rate, but the Agency does not have a single central SC-GHG point estimate. We emphasize the
  importance and value of considering the disbenefits calculated using all four SC-GHG estimates. Please see
  Table 4-11 of the RIA for the full range of SC-GHG estimates. As discussed in Chapter 4 of the RIA, a
  consideration of climate disbenefits calculated using discount rates below 3 percent, including 2 percent and
  lower, is also warranted when discounting intergenerational impacts.
\d\ Net compliance costs are the rulemaking costs minus the value of recovered product. A negative net
  compliance costs occurs when the value of the recovered product exceeds the compliance costs.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

1. HON
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2753.01. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing amendments to the HON that revise provisions
pertaining to emissions from flares, PRDs, process vents, storage
vessels, pressure vessels, storage vessel degassing, heat exchange
systems, maintenance vents, wastewater, and equipment leaks. The EPA is
also proposing to add requirements pertaining to EtO emissions from
flares, process vents, storage vessels, heat exchange systems,
equipment leaks, and wastewater; and dioxins and furans emissions from
process vents. In addition, the EPA is proposing amendments to the HON
that revise provisions pertaining to emissions during periods of SSM,
add requirements for electronic reporting of periodic reports and
performance test results, fenceline monitoring, carbon adsorbers, and
bypass monitoring, and make other minor clarifications and corrections.
This information will be collected to assure compliance with the HON.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of HON
facilities. Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR part
63, subparts F, G, H, and I).
     Estimated number of respondents: 209 (assumes two new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
quarterly, semiannually, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 83,600 hours (per year) to comply with the proposed
amendments in the HON. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $70,900,000
(per year) which includes $62,700,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with the proposed amendments in the
HON.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the

accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified
at the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related
comments to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via
email to [email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the
EPA. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than May 25, 2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.
2. P&R I
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2410.06. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing amendments to P&R I that revise provisions
pertaining to emissions from flares, PRDs, continuous process vents,
batch process vents, storage vessels, pressure vessels, storage vessel
degassing, heat exchange systems, maintenance vents, wastewater, and
equipment leaks. The EPA is also proposing to add requirements
pertaining to: chloroprene emissions from process vents, storage
vessels, and wastewater; and dioxins and furans emissions from
continuous process vents and batch process vents. In addition, the EPA
is proposing amendments to P&R I that revise provisions pertaining to
emissions during periods of SSM, add requirements for electronic
reporting of periodic reports and performance test results, fenceline
monitoring, carbon adsorbers, and bypass monitoring, and make other
minor clarifications and corrections. This information will be
collected to assure compliance with P&R I.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of P&R
I facilities. Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR
part 63, subpart U).
     Estimated number of respondents: 19 (assumes no new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
quarterly, semiannually, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 8,126 hours (per year) to comply with the proposed
amendments in P&R I. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $3,480,000
(per year) which includes $2,680,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with the proposed amendments in P&R I.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified
at the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related
comments to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via
email to [email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the
EPA. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than May 25, 2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.
3. P&R II
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 1681.11. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing amendments to P&R II to add requirements
pertaining to: heat exchange systems, PRDs, dioxins and furans
emissions from process vents, and maintenance vents. In addition, the
EPA is proposing amendments to P&R II that revise provisions pertaining
to emissions during periods of SSM, add requirements for electronic
reporting of periodic reports and performance test results, and make
other minor clarifications and corrections. This information will be
collected to assure compliance with P&R II.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of P&R
II facilities. Respondent's obligation to respond: Mandatory (40 CFR
part 63, subpart W).
     Estimated number of respondents: 5 (assumes no new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
semiannually, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 202 hours (per year) to comply with the proposed
amendments in P&R II. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $1,780,000
(per year) which includes $1,760,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with the proposed amendments in P&R
II.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified
at the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related
comments to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via
email to [email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the
EPA. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than May 25, 2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.
4. NSPS Subparts VV, VVa, III, NNN, and RRR
    This action does not impose any new information collection burden
under the PRA for NSPS subparts VV, VVa, III, NNN, and RRR. OMB has
previously approved the information collection activities contained in
the existing regulations and has assigned OMB Control number 2060-0443
for 40 CFR part 60 subparts VV, VVa, III, NNN, and RRR (this one OMB
Control number is for the Consolidated Federal Air Rule in 40 CFR part
65 which presents the burden for complying with 40 CFR part 65, but
also presents the burden for facilities complying with each individual
subpart). This action is believed to result in no changes to the
information collection requirements of these NSPS, so that the
information collection estimate of project cost and hour burden from
these NSPS have not been revised.
5. NSPS Subpart VVb
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2755.01. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing in a new NSPS subpart VVb the same
requirements in NSPS subpart VVa plus requiring that

all gas/vapor and light liquid valves be monitored quarterly at a leak
definition of 100 ppm and all connectors be monitored once every 12
months at a leak definition of 500 ppm. In addition, the EPA is
proposing to remove SSM provisions (the standards apply at all times),
add requirements for electronic reporting of periodic reports, and make
other minor clarifications and corrections. This information will be
collected to assure compliance with the NSPS subpart VVb.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of
certain equipment leaks in the SOCMI. Respondent's obligation to
respond: Mandatory (40 CFR part 60, subpart VVb).
     Estimated number of respondents: 36 (assumes 36 new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
occasionally, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 5,414 hours (per year) to comply with all of the
requirements in the NSPS. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $4,540,000
(per year) which includes $4,000,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with all of the requirements in the
NSPS.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified
at the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related
comments to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via
email to [email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the
EPA. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than May 25, 2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.
6. NSPS Subpart IIIa
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2756.01. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing requirements for new, modified, or
reconstructed sources as follows: require owners and operators reduce
emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from all vent streams of an
affected facility (and not allow the alternative of maintaining a TRE
index value greater than 1 without the use of a control device);
exclude SSM provisions (and instead, the standards apply at all times);
revise monitoring requirements for flares; add maintenance vent
requirements; revise requirements for adsorber monitoring; exclude the
relief valve discharge exemption such that any relief valve discharge
to the atmosphere of a vent stream is a violation of the emissions
standard; and prohibit an owner or operator from bypassing the control
device at any time, and to report any such violation. This information
will be collected to assure compliance with the NSPS subpart IIIa.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of air
oxidation unit processes in the SOCMI. Respondent's obligation to
respond: Mandatory (40 CFR part 60, subpart IIIa).
     Estimated number of respondents: 6 (assumes 6 new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
semiannually, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 275 hours (per year) to comply with all of the
requirements in the NSPS. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $3,820,000
(per year) which includes $3,800,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with all of the requirements in the
NSPS.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified
at the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related
comments to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via
email to [email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the
EPA. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than May 25, 2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.
7. NSPS Subpart NNNa
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2757.01. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing requirements for new, modified, or
reconstructed sources as follows: require owners and operators reduce
emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from all vent streams of an
affected facility (and not allow the alternative of maintaining a TRE
index value greater than 1 without the use of a control device);
exclude SSM provisions (and instead, the standards apply at all times);
revise monitoring requirements for flares; add maintenance vent
requirements; revise requirements for adsorber monitoring; exclude the
relief valve discharge exemption such that any relief valve discharge
to the atmosphere of a vent stream is a violation of the emissions
standard; and prohibit an owner or operator from bypassing the control
device at any time, and to report any such violation. This information
will be collected to assure compliance with the NSPS subpart NNNa.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of
distillation operations in the SOCMI. Respondent's obligation to
respond: Mandatory (40 CFR part 60, subpart NNNa).
     Estimated number of respondents: 7 (assumes 7 new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
semiannually, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 288 hours (per year) to comply with all of the
requirements in the NSPS. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $4,460,000
(per year) which includes $4,430,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with all of the requirements in the
NSPS.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden

estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing respondent burden
to the EPA using the docket identified at the beginning of this rule.
You may also send your ICR-related comments to OMB's Office of
Information and Regulatory Affairs via email to
[email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the EPA. Since
OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR between 30 and 60
days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no later than May 25,
2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related comments in the final
rule.
8. NSPS Subpart RRRa
    The information collection activities in this proposed rule have
been submitted for approval to the OMB under the PRA. The ICR document
that the EPA prepared has been assigned EPA ICR number 2759.01. You can
find a copy of the ICR in the docket for this rule, and it is briefly
summarized here.
    The EPA is proposing requirements for new, modified, or
reconstructed sources as follows: require owners and operators reduce
emissions of TOC (minus methane and ethane) from all vent streams of an
affected facility (and not allow the alternative of maintaining a TRE
index value greater than 1 without the use of a control device);
exclude SSM provisions (and instead, the standards apply at all times);
revise monitoring requirements for flares; add maintenance vent
requirements; revise requirements for adsorber monitoring; exclude the
relief valve discharge exemption such that any relief valve discharge
to the atmosphere of a vent stream is a violation of the emissions
standard; and prohibit an owner or operator from bypassing the control
device at any time, and to report any such violation. This information
will be collected to assure compliance with the NSPS subpart RRRa.
     Respondents/affected entities: Owners or operators of
reactor processes in the SOCMI. Respondent's obligation to respond:
Mandatory (40 CFR part 60, subpart RRRa).
     Estimated number of respondents: 6 (assumes 6 new
respondents over the next 3 years). Frequency of response: Initially,
semiannually, and annually.
     Total estimated burden: average annual recordkeeping and
reporting burden is 275 hours (per year) to comply with all of the
requirements in the NSPS. Burden is defined at 5 CFR 1320.3(b).
     Total estimated cost: average annual cost is $3,820,000
(per year) which includes $3,800,000 annualized capital and operations
and maintenance costs, to comply with all of the requirements in the
NSPS.
    An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required
to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a
currently valid OMB control number. The OMB control numbers for the
EPA's regulations in 40 CFR are listed in 40 CFR part 9.
    Submit your comments on the Agency's need for this information, the
accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods
for minimizing respondent burden to the EPA using the docket identified
at the beginning of this rule. You may also send your ICR-related
comments to OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs via
email to [email protected], Attention: Desk Officer for the
EPA. Since OMB is required to make a decision concerning the ICR
between 30 and 60 days after receipt, OMB must receive comments no
later than May 25, 2023. The EPA will respond to any ICR-related
comments in the final rule.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that each of the proposed rules in this action will not
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small
entities under the RFA. The small entities subject to the requirements
of this action are small businesses. For the proposed amendments to the
HON, the Agency has determined that all small entities affected by this
action, estimated to be 10, may experience an average impact of costs
being less than 0.5 percent of revenues, not including product
recovery, or about 0.43 percent, including product recovery from
compliance. Two of these ten entities experienced costs above one
percent of revenues, neither had costs exceeding three percent of
revenues and represent a small total number of impacted entities. For
the proposed amendments to P&R I, one small entity is impacted and its
impact is costs less than 0.5 percent of revenues. For the proposed
amendments to P&R II, no small entities are impacted. Details of the
analysis for each proposed rule are presented in the Regulatory Impact
Analysis for this action, which is found in the docket.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect
small governments. The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state,
local or tribal governments or the private sector.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have tribal implications as specified in
Executive Order 13175. None of the facilities that have been identified
as being affected by this action are owned or operated by tribal
governments or located within tribal lands. Thus, Executive Order 13175
does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    This action is subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is an
economically significant regulatory action under section 3(f)(1) of
Executive Order 12866, and the EPA believes that the environmental
health or safety risk addressed by this action may have a
disproportionate effect on children. Accordingly, we have evaluated the
environmental health or safety effects of EtO and chloroprene emissions
on children. The results of this evaluation are contained in sections
II.E and F, III.A and B, and IV.G of this preamble and further
documented in the risk reports, Residual Risk Assessment for the SOCMI
Source Category in Support of the 2023 Risk and Technology Review
Proposed Rule and Residual Risk Assessment for the Polymers & Resins I
Neoprene Production Source Category in Support of the 2023 Risk and
Technology Review Proposed Rule, which are available in the docket.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not a ``significant energy action'' because it is
not likely to have a significant adverse effect on the supply,
distribution, or use of energy. The EPA expects this proposed action
would not reduce crude oil supply, fuel production, coal production,
natural gas production, or electricity production. We estimate that
this proposed action would have minimal impact on the amount of imports
or exports of crude oils, condensates, or other organic liquids used in
the energy supply industries. Given the minimal impacts on energy
supply, distribution, and use

as a whole nationally, no significant adverse energy effects are
expected to occur. For more information on these estimates of energy
effects, please refer to the Regulatory Impact Analysis for this
proposed rulemaking.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR
Part 51

    This action involves technical standards. Therefore, the EPA
conducted searches for the HON, P&R I, and P&R II through the Enhanced
National Standards Systems Network (NSSN) Database managed by the
American National Standards Institute (ANSI). We also conducted a
review of voluntary consensus standards (VCS) organizations and
accessed and searched their databases. We conducted searches for EPA
Methods 1, 1A, 2, 2A, 2C, 2D, 2F, 2G, 3B, 4, 18, 21, 22, 25A, 25D, 26,
26A, 27 of 40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, 301, 305, 316 and 320 of 40 CFR
part 63, Appendix A, 624, 625, 1624, and 1625 of 40 CFR part 136
Appendix A, 624.1 of 40 CFR part 163, Appendix A. During the EPA's VCS
search, if the title or abstract (if provided) of the VCS described
technical sampling and analytical procedures that are similar to the
EPA's reference method, the EPA ordered a copy of the standard and
reviewed it as a potential equivalent method. We reviewed all potential
standards to determine the practicality of the VCS for this rule. This
review requires significant method validation data that meet the
requirements of EPA Method 301 for accepting alternative methods or
scientific, engineering, and policy equivalence to procedures in the
EPA reference methods. The EPA may reconsider determinations of
impracticality when additional information is available for particular
VCS.
    No applicable voluntary consensus standards were identified for EPA
Methods 1A, 2A, 2D, 2F, 2G, 21, 22, 25D, 27, 305, 316, 624, 624.1, 625,
1624 and 1625. Three voluntary consensus standards were identified as
an acceptable alternative to EPA Methods 3B, 18, and 320 for the
purposes of this proposed rule, as follows.
    The EPA proposes to use the VCS ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-1981--Part 10,
``Flue and Exhaust Gas Analyses'' as an acceptable alternative to EPA
Method 3B (referenced in NSPS subpart RRR and NESHAP subpart G) for the
manual procedures only and not the instrumental procedures. The ANSI/
ASME PTC 19-10-1981--Part 10 method incorporates both manual and
instrumental methodologies for the determination of oxygen content. The
manual method segment of the oxygen determination is performed through
the absorption of oxygen. This method is available at the American
National Standards Institute (ANSI), 1899 L Street NW, 11th Floor,
Washington, DC 20036 and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
(ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990. See https://wwww.ansi.org and https://www.asme.org. The standard is available to
everyone at a cost determined by ANSI/ASME ($96). ANSI/ASME also offer
memberships or subscriptions for reduced costs. The cost of obtaining
these methods is not a significant financial burden, making the methods
reasonably available.
    Also, the EPA proposes to use the VCS ASTM D6420-18, ``Standard
Test Method for Determination of Gaseous Organic Compounds by Direct
Interface Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry'' as an acceptable
alternative to EPA Method 18 (referenced in NSPS subparts VV, VVa, VVb,
III, IIIa, NNN, NNNa, RRR, and RRRa, and NESHAP subparts F, G, H, I, U,
and W) with the following caveats. This ASTM procedure has been
approved by the EPA as an alternative to EPA Method 18 only when the
target compounds are all known and the target compounds are all listed
in ASTM D6420 as measurable. We are proposing that ASTM D6420-18 should
not be used for methane and ethane because the atomic mass is less than
35; and ASTM D6420 should never be specified as a total VOC method. The
ASTM D6420-18 test method employs a direct interface gas chromatograph/
mass spectrometer to measure 36 VOC. The test method provides on-site
analysis of extracted, unconditioned, and unsaturated (at the
instrument) gas samples from stationary sources.
    In addition, the EPA proposes to use the VCS ASTM D6348-12e1,
``Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface
Fourier Transform (FTIR) Spectroscopy'' as an acceptable alternative to
EPA Method 320 (referenced in NESHAP subparts F, G, and U) with caveats
requiring inclusion of selected annexes to the standard as mandatory.
ASTM D6348-03(2010) was determined to be equivalent to EPA Method 320
with caveats. ASTM D6348-12e1 is a revised version of ASTM D6348-
03(2010) and includes a new section on accepting the results from the
direct measurement of a certified spike gas cylinder, but lacks the
caveats placed on the ASTM D6348-03(2010) version. The VCS ASTM D6348-
12e1 method is an extractive FTIR Spectroscopy-based field test method
and is used to quantify gas phase concentrations of multiple target
compounds in emission streams from stationary sources. When using ASTM
D6348-12e, we are proposing the following conditions must be met: (1)
The test plan preparation and implementation in the Annexes to ASTM D
6348-03, Sections A1 through A8 are mandatory; and (2) in ASTM D6348-03
Annex A5 (Analyte Spiking Technique), the percent (%) R must be
determined for each target analyte (Equation A5.5). We are proposing
that in order for the test data to be acceptable for a compound, %R
must be 70% >= R <= 130%. If the %R value does not meet this criterion
for a target compound, the test data is not acceptable for that
compound and the test must be repeated for that analyte (i.e., the
sampling and/or analytical procedure should be adjusted before a
retest). We are proposing that the %R value for each compound must be
reported in the test report, and all field measurements must be
corrected with the calculated %R value for that compound by using the
following equation:

Reported Results = ((Measured Concentration in Stack))/(%R) x 100.

    The two ASTM methods (ASTM D6420-18 and ASTM D6348-12e1) are
available at ASTM International, 1850 M Street NW, Suite 1030,
Washington, DC 20036. See https://www.astm.org/. These standards are
available to everyone at a cost determined by the ASTM ($57 and $76,
respectively). The ASTM also offers memberships or subscriptions that
allow unlimited access to their methods. The cost of obtaining these
methods is not a significant financial burden, making the methods
reasonably available to stakeholders.
    The search identified 13 VCS that were potentially applicable for
this rule in lieu of EPA reference methods. After reviewing the
available standards, EPA determined that 13 candidate VCS (ASTM D3154-
00 (2006), ASTM D3464-96 (2007), ASTM 3796-90 (2004), ISO 10780:1994,
ASME B133.9- 1994 (2001), ANSI/ASME PTC 19-10-198-Part 10, National
Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Method 2010
``Amines, Aliphatic'', ASTM D6060-96 (2009), ISO 14965:2000(E), EN
12619 (1999), EN 1911-1,2,3 (1998), ASTM D6735-01 (2009), ASTM D4855-97
(2002)) identified for measuring emissions of pollutants or their
surrogates subject to emission standards in the rule would not be
practical due to lack of equivalency, documentation, validation

data and other important technical and policy considerations.
    Additional information for the VCS search and determinations can be
found in the document titled: Voluntary Consensus Standard Results for
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the
Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry, which is available
in the docket for this action. The EPA welcomes comments on this aspect
of the proposed rulemaking and, specifically, invites the public to
identify potentially applicable VCS and to explain why such standards
should be used in this regulation.
    We are also proposing amendments to 40 CFR part 60, subpart A and
40 CFR part 63, subpart A to address incorporations by reference. We
are proposing that 40 CFR 60.485(g)(5) and 40 CFR 60.485a(g)(5) be
added to 40 CFR 60.17--``Incorporations by Reference'' paragraph
(a)(184) since they were mistakenly not added to 40 CFR 60.17 during
the last amendment to this rule.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) directs
federal agencies, to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by
law, to make environmental justice part of their mission by identifying
and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse
human health or environmental effects of their programs, policies, and
activities on minority populations (people of color and/or Indigenous
peoples) and low-income populations.
    The EPA believes that the human health or environmental conditions
that exist prior to this action result in or have the potential to
result in disproportionate and adverse human health or environmental
effects on people of color, low-income people, and/or Indigenous
peoples. For the HON, a total of 9.3 million people live within 10 km
(~6.2 miles) of the 195 HON facilities that were assessed for risk. The
percentages of the population that are African American (25 percent
versus 12 percent) and Hispanic or Latino (22 percent versus 19
percent) are higher than the national averages. The proportion of other
demographic groups living within 10 km of HON facilities is similar or
lower than the national average. For the Neoprene Production source
category, a total of 29,000 people live within 5 km of the one neoprene
production facility in the country. The percent of the population that
is African American (56 percent versus 12 percent) is substantially
higher than the national average. The proportion of other demographic
groups living within 10 km of HON facilities is similar or lower than
the national average. The EPA also conducted a risk assessment of
possible cancer risks and other adverse health effects, and found that
prior to this proposed regulation, cancer risks were above acceptable
levels for a number of areas in which these demographic groups live for
the SOCMI and Neoprene Production source categories. See section IV.F
for an analysis that characterizes populations living in proximity of
facilities and risks prior to the proposed regulation.
    The EPA believes that this action is likely to reduce existing
disproportionate and adverse effects on people of color, low-income
populations and/or Indigenous peoples. This action proposes to
establish standards for EtO emission sources at HON processes and
chloroprene emission sources at neoprene production processes. This
action also proposes amendments to correct and clarify regulatory
provisions related to emissions during periods of SSM, including
removing general exemptions for periods of SSM and adding work practice
standards for periods of SSM where appropriate, address flare
combustion efficiency, and require fenceline monitoring for pollutants
that drive cancer risks for HON and neoprene production sources. As a
result of these proposed changes, we expect zero people to be exposed
to risk levels above 100-in-1 million due to emissions from each of
these source categories. See sections III.A and B of this preamble for
more information about the control requirements of the regulation and
the resulting reduction in cancer risks.
    The EPA additionally identified and addressed EJ concerns by
engaging in outreach activities to communities we expect to be impacted
by chemical plants emitting EtO \177\ and by requiring the neoprene
production facility to take a number of actions to reduce and monitor
for fenceline concentrations of chloroprene.\178\ The EPA is also
proposing that HON and P&R I facilities conduct fenceline monitoring
for a number of HAP (i.e., EtO, chloroprene, benzene, 1,3-butadiene,
ethylene dichloride and vinyl chloride) and report these data
electronically to the EPA so that it can be made public and provide
fenceline communities with greater access to information about
potential emissions impacts.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \177\ https://www.epa.gov/hazardous-air-pollutants-ethylene-oxide/inspector-general-follow-ethylene-oxide-0.
    \178\ https://www.epa.gov/la/laplace-st-john-baptist-parish-louisiana.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The information supporting this Executive Order review is contained
in section IV.F of this preamble, as well as in the technical reports,
Analysis of Demographic Factors for Populations Living Near Hazardous
Organic NESHAP (HON) Facilities, Analysis of Demographic Factors for
Populations Living Near Neoprene Production Facilities, and Analysis of
Demographic Factors for Populations Living Near Polymers and Resins I
and Polymer and Resins II Facilities, which are available in the
docket.

List of Subjects

40 CFR Part 60

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure,
Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

40 CFR Part 63

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Hazardous
substances, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations,
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Michael S. Regan,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2023-07188 Filed 4-24-23; 8:45 am]
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[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 146 (Monday, July 30, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 36582-36583]
[FR Doc No: 2018-16231]

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DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

[Docket No. EL18-186-000]

PATH Allegheny Transmission Company, LLC; Notice of Petition for
Declaratory Order

    Take notice that on July 23, 2018, pursuant to Rule 207 of the
Federal
    Energy Regulatory Commission's (Commission) Rules of Practice and
Procedure, 18 CFR 385.207 (2017), PATH Allegheny Transmission Company,
LLC and its subsidiaries, PATH Allegheny Virginia Transmission
Corporation (PATH-VA) and PATH Allegheny Maryland Transmission
Corporation (PATH-MD), (together, PATH AYE) filed a petition requesting
the Commission issue a declaratory order determining that PATH AYE's
distribution of paid-in capital to its ultimate parent company--
FirstEnergy Corp., will not violate section 305(a) of the Federal Power
Act,\1\ as more fully explained in the petition.
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    \1\ 16 U.S.C. 825d(a) (2012).
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    Any person desiring to intervene or to protest this filing must
file in accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of the Commission's Rules of
Practice and Procedure (18 CFR 385.211, 385.214). Protests will be
considered by the Commission in determining the appropriate action to
be taken, but will not serve to make protestants parties to the
proceeding. Any person wishing to become a party must file a notice of
intervention or motion to intervene, as appropriate. Such notices,
motions, or protests must be filed on or before the comment date.
Anyone filing a motion to intervene or protest must serve a copy of
that document on the Petitioner.
    The Commission encourages electronic submission of protests and
interventions in lieu of paper using the ``eFiling'' link at http://www.ferc.gov. Persons unable to file electronically should submit an
original and 5 copies

of the protest or intervention to the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission, 888 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20426
    This filing is accessible on-line at http://www.ferc.gov, using the
``eLibrary'' link and is available for review in the Commission's
Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. There is an ``eSubscription''
link on the website that enables subscribers to receive email
notification when a document is added to a subscribed docket(s). For
assistance with any FERC Online service, please email
[email protected], or call<PHONE_NUMBER> (toll free). For
TTY, call<PHONE_NUMBER>.
    Comment Date: 5:00 p.m. Eastern time on August 22, 2018.

    Dated: July 24, 2018.
Kimberly D. Bose,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2018-16231 Filed 7-27-18; 8:45 am]
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[Federal Register: May 20, 2009 (Volume 74, Number 96)]
[Notices]
[Page 23769]
[DOCID:fr20my09-101]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Office of the Secretary

Aviation Proceedings, Agreements Filed the Week Ending May 9,
2009

    The following Agreements were filed with the Department of
Transportation under Sections 412 and 414 of the Federal Aviation Act,
as amended (49 U.S.C. 1382 and 1384) and procedures governing
proceedings to enforce these provisions. Answers may be filed within 21
days after the filing of the application.
    Docket Number: DOT-OST-2009-0104.
    Date Filed: May 4, 2009.
    Parties: Members of the International Air Transport Association.
    Subject: PTC COMP Mail Vote 600, Resolution 024a, Establishing
Passenger Fares and Related Charges (Memo 1525), Intended effective
date: 1 June 2009.

Renee V. Wright,
Program Manager, Docket Operations, Federal Register Liaison.
[FR Doc. E9-11717 Filed 5-19-09; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-9X-P