2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">1</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Borges,
Shannon</author><author>White, Katrina</author><author>Thurman,
Nelson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Risks of
Esfenvalerate Use to Federally Threatened California Red-Legged Frog
(Rana aurora draytonii).  Pesticide Effects
Determination</title><secondary-title>February 19,
2008</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>February 19,
2008</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword>
</keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>February 19,
2008</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><publisher>Government Printing Office.  Washington,
D.C.</publisher>Endangered Species
Assessment<urls><related-urls><url>http://www.epa.gov/espp/litst
atus/effects/redleg-frog/index.html</url></related-urls></urls><access-d
ate>June 19, 2009</access-date><modified-date>February 19,
2008</modified-date></record></EndNote> (Borges et al., 2008) ;

aerobic soil half-lives of esfenvalerate are greater than 10 days
ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Author>MRID
40999303</Author><Year>1988</Year><RecNum>122</RecNum><DisplayText>(MRID
40999303,
1988)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>122</rec-number><foreign-keys><ke
y app="EN"
db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">122</key></foreign-keys><re
f-type name="MRID">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>MRID
40999303,</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Lee,
P.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Hydrolysis
of Chlorophenyl-carbon 14 DPX-GB800 in Buffer Solutions of 5, 7, and
9</title></titles><pages>19</pages><volume>19</volume><number>Proj. Id
AMR-1185-88</number><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword></keywords
><dates><year>1988</year></dates><pub-location>E.I. du Pont de Nemours
and Co.,
Inc</pub-location>MRID<urls></urls></record></EndN
ote> (MRID 40999303, 1988) ;

 values are ≥ 1000 L/kg   ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Author>MRID
45555102</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>126</RecNum><DisplayText>(MRID
45555102,
2001)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><ke
y app="EN"
db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">126</key></foreign-keys><re
f-type name="MRID">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>MRID
45555102, ,</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Ohm,
M.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Adsorption/
Desorption of (Carbon 14)-esfenvalerate at a single concentration in six
soils</title></titles><number>Lab Project Number
DUPONT-3438</number><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword></keywords
><dates><year>2001</year></dates><pub-location>E.I. du Pont de Nemours
and Company</pub-location>MRID,
Fate<urls></urls></record></EndNote> (MRID 45555102,
2001) .

In the absence of data, toxicity will be estimated using the lowest
chronic toxicity endpoint for freshwater invertebrates in freshwater and
the estimated pore water concentrations in sediment.

Aquatic Plant Studies (850.4400 and 850.5400) Using TEP or TGAI

Toxicity data for vascular and non-vascular aquatic plants were not
submitted to the Agency.  Based on the 40 CFR Part 158 data
requirements, Tier I level non-target aquatic plant data are required
for all pesticides with outdoor uses that are not phytotoxicants.  In
the absence of Tier I data, EFED will assume risk to both vascular and
non-vascular aquatic plants.  If the TEP is used in testing, use an
end-use product that is representative of products that may result in
spray drift to aquatic areas, e.g., one that is applied as a liquid
broadcast application.  This could be an emulsifiable concentrate,
flowable, or wettable powder.  However, a granular formulation should
not be used.

Testing on Typical end-use products (TEP)

A Typical End-Use Product is defined in the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines Subdivision J Hazard Evaluation:  Nontarget plants on Part
120-2(1) on Page 18 as “a pesticide product that is representative of
a major formulation category (e.g., emulsifiable concentrate, granular
product, wettable powder) and pesticide group (e.g., herbicide,
fungicide, insecticide etc.) and contains the active ingredient of the
applicant’s product.”   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Holst</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>247</RecNu
m><DisplayText>(Holst and Ellwanger,
1982)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>247</rec-number><foreign-keys><ke
y app="EN"
db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">247</key></foreign-keys><re
f-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Holst, Robert
W.</author><author>Ellwanger, Thomas
C.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>EPA-540/09-82-020</autho
r></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.  Subdivision J.  Hazard Evaluation:  Nontarget
Plants</title><secondary-title>October
1982</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Office of Pesticide Programs.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.  United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1982</year></dates><pub-loc
ation>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><urls></urls></record></EndNote> (Holst and
Ellwanger, 1982)

Page 5 of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines Subdivision J Hazard
Evaluation:  Nontarget plants provides additional information on what
TEP data should be tested for toxicity testing in the following excerpt.

	“The Agency seeks to avoid imposing a burden of duplicative testing
on applicants for registration.  Therefore, where 40 CFR Part 158
specifies that the test substance should be a representative end-use
product, testing may be performed using the formulation in question
(end-use product being registered) or similar, yet representative,
end-use product.  It is not necessary to repeat the test using other
similar products.”   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Holst</Author><Year>1982</Year><RecNum>247</RecNu
m><DisplayText>(Holst and Ellwanger,
1982)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>247</rec-number><foreign-keys><ke
y app="EN"
db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">247</key></foreign-keys><re
f-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Holst, Robert
W.</author><author>Ellwanger, Thomas
C.</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>EPA-540/09-82-020</autho
r></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.  Subdivision J.  Hazard Evaluation:  Nontarget
Plants</title><secondary-title>October
1982</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Office of Pesticide Programs.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.  United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1982</year></dates><pub-loc
ation>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><urls></urls></record></EndNote> (Holst and
Ellwanger, 1982)

When TEP data are requested data should be submitted for the different
formulations, e.g., wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, granular,
along with a rationale as to why the TEP is representative of other
similar end-use products.

Other Information Needed for the Risk Assessment

Some residential uses also do not specify a maximum use rate per area.
For example, a maximum single application rate is needed for home and
garden uses, ornamentals, and uses on elderberry and gooseberry.  A
maximum use rate per specified area is needed for all uses in order to
estimate exposure.

Current labels do not have a maximum number of applications per year or
minimum application interval.  In order to estimate exposure, a maximum
number of applications per year or maximum number of seasons with a
maximum application rate per season and minimum application interval
will be assumed based on a conservative estimate.  Adding a maximum
number of applications and a minimum application interval to labels
would significantly reduce uncertainty in exposure estimates.
Additionally, information on typical number of applications and
application intervals would be useful.

References

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Rabert, W., Craven, H., & Maciorowski, A. F. 1995d. Ecological Effects
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Rabert, W., Craven, H., & Maciorowski, A. F. 1995e. EEB Review of
Esfenvalerate Use on Head Lettuce. October 13, 1995. Ecological Effects
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Regelman, E. 1990b. Esfenvalerate label amendment and tolerance petition
amendment on the use of the active isomer instead of the racemic
mixture,  reduction of application rate, reduction of proposed tolerance
on celery and brussels sprouts. Memorandum From to G. LaRocca.  April
11, 1990. Environmental Fate and Ground Water Branch.  Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  United States Environmental Protection
Agency.

Rexrode, M. 1986. Substitution of SS isomer (ASANA) for the racemic
mixture (Pydrin). Memorandum From to G. LaRocca.  May 6, 1986.
Ecological Effect Branch.  Hazard Evaluation Division.  Office of
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Rexrode, M., & Melendez, J. L. 2003. EFED's rationale for choosing
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and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Rieder, D., & Maciorowski, A. F. 1993. Request by the
Washington Department of Agriculture for a Section 18 Emergency
Exemption for the Use of ASANA 1.9 EC or ASANA XL to Control Black Vine
Weevils on Cranberries. Memorandum From to Registration Division.  May
4, 1993. Ecological Effect Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects
Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental
Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Rieder, D., & Urban, D. 1992a. Proposed Section 18 (Texas)
registration for the use of esfenvalerate on leafy greens to control
cabbage looper. Memorandum From to R. Cool.  March 25, 1992. Ecological
Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects Division.  Office of
Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Rieder, D., & Urban, D. 1992b. Review of Request for an
Experimental Use Permit in order to apply ASANA XL 0.66EC directly to
prairie wetlands in Minnesota. Memorandum From M. Rexrode, D. Rieder &
D. Urban to G. LaRocca.  March 25, 1992. Ecological Effects Branch.
Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs.
United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Rieder, D., & Urban, D. 1992c. Review of Submission by the
Texas Department of Agriculture for an Emergency Exemption (Section 18)
for Use of Esfenvalerate (ASANA XL) on Leafy Greens for Control of
Cabbage Looper. Memorandum From to R. Cool.  March 19, 1992. Ecological
Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects Division.  Office of
Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Rieder, D. D., & Akerman, J. 1991. Request for Patuxent
Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
for an Experimental Use Permit in order to apply ASANA XL directly to
prairie wetlands in Minnesota. Memorandum From to R. Division.  Jun 5,
1991. Environmental Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide
Programs.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990a. Proposed Section 3
registration for the use of esfenvalerate on rangeland and pasture.
Memorandum From to G. LaRocca.  June 5, 1990. Ecological Effects Branch.
 Environmental Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs.
United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990b. Proposed Section 3
registration of esfenvalerate for use on sorghum. Memorandum From to G.
LaRocca.  June 5, 1990. Ecological Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate
and Effects Division.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990c. Proposed Section 3
registration of esfenvalerate on blueberries (and related bush berries),
caneberries, okra in Florida, ornamentals, and turnips. Memorandum From
to R. Division.  May 23, 1990. Ecological Effects Branch. Environmental
Fate and Effects Division. Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990d. Proposed Section 18
(Kansas) registration on the use of esfenvalerate to control western
pale cutworm and army cutworm in small grains. Memorandum From to R.
Division.  April 19, 1990. Ecological Effects Branch.  Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United State
Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990e. Proposed Section 18
(Minnesota) registration for the use of esfenvalerate to control
grasshopper species on small grains, conservation reserve, and wildlife
areas. Memorandum From to R. Division.  March 19, 1990. Ecological
Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects Division.  Office of
Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990f. Proposed Section 18
(North Dakota) registration on the use of esfenvalerate to control army
worms, western pale cutworms in winter wheat, and for grasshopper
control on small grains, in conservation reserve lands, and
non-cropland. Memorandum From to R. Division.  March 30, 1990.
Ecological Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects Division.
United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990g. Proposed Section 18
(Washington) registration of esfenvalerate for use on cranberries to
control black vine weevils. Memorandum From to R. Division.  April 27,
1990. Ecological Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects
Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental
Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Stavola, A., & Akerman, J. 1990h. Section 18 (Oklahoma)
registration on the use of esfenvalerate to control pale western cutworm
on winter wheat. Memorandum From to Registration Division.  March 30,
1990. Ecoloigcla Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and Effects Branch.
 United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Urban, D., & Akerman, J. 1989a. Proposed Section 18
(Kansas) for use of esfenvalerate on Winter Wheat. Memorandum From to D.
Stubbs.  June 23, 1989. Ecological Effects Branch.  Hazard Evaluation
Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental
Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Urban, D., & Akerman, J. 1989b. Proposed Section 18
(Minnesota) for use of esfenvalerate on small grains and conservation
reserve for grasshopper control. Memorandum From to D. Stubbs.  July 14,
1989. Ecological Effects Branch.  Hazard Evaluation Division.  Office of
Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Urban, D., & Akerman, J. 1989c. Proposed Section 18 (South
Dakota) for use of esfenvalerate on Winter Wheat. Memorandum From to D.
Stubbs.  May 16, 1989. Ecological Effects Branch.  Hazard Evaluation
Division.  United States Environmental Protection Agency.

Rexrode, M., Urban, D., & Akerman, J. 1989d. Proposed Section 18 for use
of esfenvalerate on Wheat and Barley. Memorandum From to D. Stubbs.  May
16, 1989. Ecological Effects Branch.  Hazard Evaluation Division.
Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States Environmental Protection
Agency.

Rexrode, M., Urban, D., & Cook, N. J. 1989. Proposed Section 3
Registration of Various Uses (Some of which are on sister Pydrin label).
 Completely new uses are:  cranberries, blueberries, related
bushberries, okra (Florida only), and turnips. Memorandum From to G.
LaRocca.  January 27, 1989. Ecological Effects Branch.  Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection Agency.

Samsoe-Peterson, L., K., G., Madsen, T., Mogensen, B. B., Lassen, K.,
Skjernov, K., et al. 2001. Fate and effects of esfenvalerate in
agricultural ponds. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20(7),
1570-1578.

Solomon, K. R., Giddings, J. M., & Maund, S. J. 2001. Probabilistic risk
assessment of cotton pyrethroids:I.  Distributional analyses of
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Toscano, N. C., Sances, F. V., Johnson, M. W., & LaPre, L. F. 1982.
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Urban, D. 1992. Possible Crisis Declaration by the State of Texas for
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March 26, 1992. Ecological Effects Branch.  Environmental Fate and
Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection Agency.

USEPA. (1998). Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment, United States
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USEPA. 2001. Method for Assessing the Chronic Toxicity of Marine and
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Vaughan, A. W., Cook, N. J., & Slimak, M. W. 1987. Esfenvalerate:
Proposed Section 18 for Use on Cranberries. Memorandum From to D.
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Vaughan, A. W., Maciorowski, A. F., & Cook, N. J. 1994. Request from the
State of California for an Emergency Exemption (Section 18) for the use
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Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS).

Submitted Fate Studies

161-1 Hydrolysis

MRID	Citation Reference

40999301	Lee, P.W. Hydrolysis of Chlorophenol c14 DPX-GB800 in Buffer
Solutions pH 5,7,9

161-2       Photodegradation-water

MRID	Citation Reference

40443801	Stevenson, I. (1987) Photodegradation of (Chlorophenyl
(U)-(Carbon 14)(DPX-GB800 in Water at pH 5: Laboratory Project ID:
AMR-868- 87. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours &
Co., Inc. 37 p.

161-3       Photodegradation-soil

MRID	Citation Reference

41728502	Castle, S.; Shepler, K.; Ruzo, L. (1990) Photodegradation of
?carbon 14|Esfenvalerate in/on Soil Surface by Natural Sunlight: Lab
Project Number: 257W: AMR-1798-90. Unpublished study pre- pared by
Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Lab. 53 p.

41728501	Castle, S. 1990 Photodegradation in/on Soil Surface by Natural
Sunlight

162-2       Anaerobic soil metabolism

MRID	Citation Reference

42396801	Gaddamidi, V.; Bookhart, S. (1992) Anaerobic Soil Metabolism of
Esfenvalerate: Lab Project Number: AMR 2075-91. Unpublished study
prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 52 p.

163-1       Leach/adsorp/desorption

MRID	Citation Reference

45555102	Ohm, M. (2001) Adsorption/Desorption of (Carbon
14)-Esfenvalerate at a Single Concentration in Six Soils: Lab Project
Number: DUPONT-3438. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de
Nemours and Company. 44 p.

42350201	Merrit, R.L. Leaching Studies

164-1       Terrestrial field dissipation

MRID	Citation Reference

41520301	Schneiders, G. (1989) Field Soil Dissipation Studies with Asana
and Pydrin Insecticides: Lab Project Number: AMR-1555-89. Unpublished
study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.; and Shell Development
Co. 278 p.

41728501	Lee, P. (1990) Field Soil Dissipation of Esfenvalerate--A 1990
Study: Lab Project Number: AMR-1711-90. Unpublished study prepared by
E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 34 p.

165-4       Bioaccumulation in fish

MRID	Citation Reference

41637701	Lee, P. (1990) Bioaccumulation of Fenvalerate in Fish: Lab
Project Number: AMR-1827-90. Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont
de Nemours and Co. in association with Sumitomo Chemical Co and Shell
Development Co. 142 p.

42170501	Ohsima, M.; Mikami, N. (1991) Accumulation and Metabolism of
carbon 14|-Esfenvalerate in Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Lab Project Number:
LLM-10-0031: AMR 2192-91. Unpublished study prepared by Environ. Health
Sci. Lab. (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd). 53 p.

42922401	Ohshima, M.; Schneiders, G. (1993) Accumulation and Metabolism
of (carbon 14) Esfenvalerate in Carp (Cyprinus carpio): Lab Project
Number: AMR 2192-91: LLM-10-0031. Unpublished study prepared by
Environmental Health Science Lab., Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. 23 p.

850.7100       Data reporting for environmental chemistry methods

MRID	Citation Reference

47053001	Robinson, N. (2007) Residue Analytical Method for the
Determination of Residues of Bifenthrin, Cypermethrin, Cyfluthrin,
Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerate, Fenpropathrin, Lambda-cyhalothrin and
Permethrin in Sediment. Unpublished study prepared by Syngenta Jealotts
Hill International. 185 p.

47053002	Reed, R. (2006) Laboratory Validation: Validation of the
Residue Analytical Method: Residue Analytical Method for the
Determination of Residues of Bifenthrin, Cypermethrin, Cyfluthrin,
Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerate, Fenpropathrin, Lambda - Cyhalothrin and
Permethrin in Sediment: Final Report. Project Number: MLI/06/02,
ML06/1286/PWG. Unpublished study prepared by Morse Laboratories Inc. 418
p.

Non Guideline Selections

MRID	Citation Reference

43567101	Schneiders, G. (1995) Determination of SD43775 Residues in
Crops, Animal Tissues, Soil and Water: Electron-Capture Gas
Chromatographic Method: Update of PAM Method: Supplement No. 1: Lab
Project Number: AMR/717/87: MMS/R/478/1. Unpublished study prepared by
E. I. duPont de Nemours and Co. Experimental Station. 15 p.

45180111	Ueda, N. (2000) Aerodynamic Droplets Sizes and Destruction of
Esfenvalerate (Sumi-alpha) 10MC through the Sprayer. Unpublished study
prepared by Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical
Co., Ltd. 14 p.

46051301	Ritter, A.; Williams, W. (2003) Tier 2 Modeling of Pyrethroid
Compounds Exposure to Aquatic Nontarget Organisms Associated with Use on
Cotton: Final Report. Project Number: WEI/794/03. Unpublished study
prepared by Waterborne Environmental, Inc. (WEI). 180 p.

46218001	Bacey, J.; Starner, K.; Spurlock, F. (2003) FIFRA 6(a)(2)
Submission: Preliminary Results of Study #214: Monitoring the Occurrence
and Concentration of Esfenvalerate and Permethrin Pyrethroids. Project
Number: 214. Unpublished study prepared by California Dept. of Pesticide
Regulation. 33 p.

46256801	Schneiders, G. (1991) Determination of Esfenvalerate Residues
in Crops, Animal Tissue, Soil, and Water: Electron-Capture Gas
Chromatographic Method. Project Number: AMR 2155/91. Unpublished study
prepared by E.I. DuPont De NeMours And Company. 30 p.

47058601	Pearson, F. (2007) Pyrethroid Working Group (PWG) Summary of
Results from California Sediment Samples Analyzed for Pyrethroids.
Project Number: PWG/2007/001. Unpublished study prepared by Morse
Laboratories, Inc. 11 p.

47506602	Hall, L.; Killen, W.; Anderson, R. (2008) A Comparison of
Sediment Sampling Methods for Pyrethroids in Urban/Residential Sediments
of California Streams and Additional Pyrethroid Sampling in Pleasant
Grove Creek Backwater Surrogate Sites- Pyrethroid: Assessment. Project
Number: T001584/08. Unpublished study prepared by Wye Research and
Education Center. 62 p.

47506603	Hall, L.; Killen, W.; Anderson, R.; et. al. (2008) An
Assessment of Benthic Communities with Concurrent Physical Habitat,
Pyrethroid, and Metals Analysis in and Urban and Residential Stream in
California in 2006 and 2007-Pyrethroid: Assessment. Project Number:
T001523/08. Unpublished study prepared by Wye Research and Education
Center and Northern Illinois University. 229 p.

Submitted Effects Studies for Fenvalarate

Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID	Citation Reference

83043	Fink, R. (1975) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LCI50 Bobwhite
Quail: Project No. 109-105. (Unpublished study received Apr 9, 1981
under 6G1755; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Shell
Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099983-M)

83044	Fink, R. (1975) Final Report: Eight-day Dietary LC50 Mallard
Ducks: Project No. 109-106. (Unpublished study received Apr 9, 1981
under 6G1755; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Shell
Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099983-N)

41891910	Beavers, J.; Grimes, J.; Smith, G. (1991) H #18,687: A Dietary
LC50 Study with the Northern Bobwhite: Lab Project Number: 112-263 :
168-91. Unpublished study prepared by WildLife International Ltd. 26 p.

41891911	Beavers, J.; Grimes, J.; Smith, G. (1991) H #18,687: A Dietary
LC50 Study with the Mallard: Lab Project Number: 112-264: 167-91.
Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 26 p.

Avian Reproduction

MRID	Citation Reference

37111	Beavers, J.B.; Fink, R.; Grimes, J.; et al. (1980) Final Report:
One-Generation Reproduction Study--Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 109-122.
(Unpublished study received Jun 3, 1980 under 201- 401; prepared by
Wildlife International, Ltd., submitted by Shell Chemical Co.,
Washington, D.C.; CDL:242587-B)

37112	Beavers, J.B.; Fink, R.; Grimes, J.; et al. (1980) Final Report:
One-Generation Reproduction Study--Mallard Duck: Project No. 109-123.
(Unpublished study received Jun 3, 1980 under 201- 401; prepared by
Wildlife International, Ltd., submitted by Shell Chemical Co.,
Washington, D.C.; CDL:242587-C)

71638	Fink, R. (1975) Final Report: One-generation Reproduction Study--
Bobwhite Quail: Project No. 109-111. (Unpublished study received Apr 9,
1981 under 6G1755; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Shell
Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL: 099983-O)

71641	Fink, R. (1975) Final Report: One-generation Reproduction Study--
Mallard Duck: Project No. 109-112. (Unpublished study received Apr 9,
1981 under 6G1755; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by Shell
Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099983-R)

111933	Fink, R. (1975) One-generation Reproduction Study--Mallard Duck:
SD 43775: Project No. 109-112. Final rept. (Unpublished study received
Mar 8, 1976 under 201-EX-50; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted
by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC; CDL: 095407-O)

121827	Fink, R. (1975) One-generation Reproduction Study--Mallard Duck:
SD 43775: Project No. 109-112. Final rept. (Unpublished study received
Oct 6, 1977 under 201-401; prepared by Truslow Farms, Inc., submitted by
Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC; CDL: 096385-W)

Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID	Citation Reference

71642	Shell Chemical Company (1975) Toxicity of the Pyrethroid
Insecticides, SD 43775 and SD 41706, to Fish. (Unpublished study
received Apr 9, 1981 under 6G1755; CDL:099983-S)

74131	Shell Chemical Company (1975) Toxicity of the Pyrethroid
Insecticides, SD 43775 and SD 41706, to Fish. (Compilation; unpublished
study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; CDL:099947-E)

74132	Shell Oil Company (1976) Fish Toxicity Trials--SD 43775
(Technical/ Code 4-1-0-0--95% Purity): Test SD 43775-76-24. (Unpublished
study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; CDL:099947-F)

74133	Miyamoto, J.; Ohkawa, H.; Kikuchi, R. (1977) Toxicity of
Fenvalerate to Killifish in an Aquarium Containing Soil: AW-70-0052.
(Unpublished study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; prepared by
Sumito Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan, submitted by Shell Chemical Co.,
Washington, D.C.; CDL:099947-G)

74134	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory
(1976) Summary of Acute Toxicity: (SD 43775). (Unpublished study;
CDL:099947-H)

74144	Miura, T.; Takahashi, R.M. (1976) Effects of a synthetic
pyrethroid, SD43775, on nontarget organisms when utilized as a mosquito
larvicide. Mosquito News 36(3):322-326. (Also In unpublished submission
received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; submitted by Shell Chemical Co.,
Washington, D.C.; CDL:099947-S)

85723	Thompson, C.M.; Griffith, J.; Boudreau, P. (1980) Acute Toxicity
of SD 92459 to Bluegill Sunfish (~Lepomis macrochirus~): Static Acute
Bioassay Report #26415. (Unpublished study received Jul 1, 1981 under
201-415; prepared by Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratories, Inc.,
submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:245691-F)

85753	Thompson, C.M.; Griffen, J.; Boudreau, P. (1980) Acute Toxicity of
SD 92459 to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus): Static Acute
Bioassay Report #26415. (Unpublished study received Oct 6, 1981 under
201-416; prepared by Analytical Bio Chemistry Laboratories, Inc.,
submitted by Shell Oil Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:246033-F)

100108	Shell Oil Co. (1975) SD 43775: Toxicity in Fish|. (Compilation;
unpublished study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; CDL: 097755-C)

100109	Shell Oil Co. (1976) Fish Toxicity Trials: SD 43775.
(Compilation; unpublished study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401;
CDL:097755-D)

100110	Ohkawa, H.; Kikuchi, R.; Miyamoto, J. (1977) Toxicity of
Fenvalerate to killifish in an Aquarium Containing Soil: AW- 70-0052.
(Unpublished study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201- 401; prepared by
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan, submitted by Shell Oil Co.,
Washington, DC; CDL:097755-E; 097083)

100111	Julin, A. (1976) Letter sent to W. Reed dated May 13, 1976 (SD
43775: Toxicity data on Midges, Rainbow Trout & Bluegills.) (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Pesticide Research Laboratory; unpublished study;
CDL:097755-F)

109833	Shell Chemical Co. (1975) Toxicity of the Pyrethroid
Insecticides, SD 43775 and SD 41706, to Fish. (Compilation; unpublished
study received Mar 8, 1976 under 201-EX-50; CDL:095407-P)

121828	Chai, E.; Hughes, W. (1975) ?Toxicity of SD 43775 to Fish|.
(Unpublished study received Oct 6, 1977 under 201-401; submitted by
Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC; CDL:096385-X)

121829	Shell Chemical Co. (1975) Toxicity of SD 43775 and SD 41706 to
Fish|. (Compilation; unpublished study received Oct 6, 1977 under
201-401; CDL:096385-Y)

121830	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Research
Laboratory (1975?) SD 43775: Summary of Acute Toxicity. (Unpublished
study received Oct 6, 1977 under 201-401; submitted by Shell Chemical
Co., Washington, DC; CDL:096385-AB)

140461	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Pesticide Research
Laboratory (1975) Summary of Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 on Fish, Daphnia
and Chironomus|. (Unpublished study received Dec 28, 1976 under
201-EX-50; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC;
CDL:095680-C)

141961	Analytical Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. (1980) Acute Toxicity
of SD 43775 to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus): #26416.
Unpublished study. 8 p.

141969	Burress, R. (1980) Effects of Pydrin (Fenvalerate) Treatments on
Fish and Benthic Invertebrates in Experimental Ponds. Unpublished study
prepared by Southeastern Fish Control Laboratory. 10 p.

141974	Ohkawa, H.; Kikuchi, R. (1977) Toxicity of Fenvalerate to
Killifish (Oryzios latipes) in an Aquarium Containing Soil. Unpublished
study prepared by Sumitomo Chemical Co. Ltd. 6 p.

141975	Shell Development Co. (1976) Fish Toxicity Studies with SD 43775:
Test SD 43775--76-14. Unpublished study. 5 p.

141977	Coulon, D. (1982) Toxicity of Ambush and Pydrin to Red Crawfish,
Procambarus clarkii (Girard) and Channel Catfish, Ictaluras punctatus
rafinesque in Laboratory and Field Studies and the Accumulation and
Dissipation of Associated Residues. Unpublished dissertation study
prepared by Louisiana State Univ. 56 p.

144840	EG&G Bionomics (1983) Aquatic Ecological Effects Study of the
Aerial Application of Pydrin Insecticide to Cotton: EG&G Bionomics
Report #BW-83-1-1353. Unpublished study. 85 p.

144841	Shell Chemical Co. (19??) [Toxic Effects of SD-43775 on the
Fathead Minnow]. Unpublished study. 8 p.

150217	Red, J.; Nutter, W.; Neary, D.; et al (1984) Computer Simulation
of Pesticide Runoff Erambert, Quachita and Stuart Seed Orchards: Report
No. 88973. Unpublished study prepared by University of Georgia,
University of Florida and USDA Forest Service. 57 p.

155781	Holcombe, G.; Phipps, G.; Tanner, D. (1982) The acute toxicity of
kelthane, dursban, disulfoton, pydrin, and permethrin to fathead minnows
Pimephales promelas and rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Environmental
Pollution 29:167-178.

156850	Forbis, A.; Georgie, L.; Burgess, D. (1985) Acute Toxicity of MO
70616 Technical to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus): Static Acute
Toxicity Report #33174. Unpublished study prepared by Analytical
Bio-Chemical Laboratories, Inc. 45 p.

41068002	Coats, J.; O'Donnell-Jeffery, N. (1979) Toxicity of four
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides to rainbow trout. Bulletin of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 23:250-255.

41068003	McLeese, D.; Metcalfe, C.; Zitko, V. (1980) Lethality of
permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate to salmon, lobster and shrimp.
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 25:950-955.

41215201	Ward, G. (1984) Acute Toxicity of SD47443, Pydrin Isomer, to
the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas): Proj. ID 297.0584.8002.
Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Bionomics Inc. 19 p.

41233001	Forbis, A.; Georgie, L.; Burgess, D. (1985) Acute Toxicity of
M070616 Technical to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Static Acute
Toxicity Report #33175. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de
Nemours & Co., Inc. 17 p.

41233002	Forbis, A.; Georgie, L.; Burgess, D. (1985) Acute Toxicity of
MO 70616-3-6 1.9EC to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Static Acute
Toxicity Report #33177. Unpublished study prepared by Analytical
Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. 17 p.

41891912	Baer, K. (1991) Static, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of DPX-Y4306-90 to
Blue gill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus): Lab Project Number: 322-91:
MR-9084-001. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and
Co. & Haskell Lab. 23 p.

41891913	Baer, K. (1991) Static, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of DPX-Y4306-90 to
Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Lab Project Number: 330-91: MR-
9084-001. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.
& Haskell Lab. 23 p.

Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID	Citation Reference

74134	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Research Laboratory
(1976) Summary of Acute Toxicity: (SD 43775). (Unpublished study;
CDL:099947-H)

100111	Julin, A. (1976) Letter sent to W. Reed dated May 13, 1976 (SD
43775: Toxicity data on Midges, Rainbow Trout & Bluegills.) (U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, Pesticide Research Laboratory; unpublished study;
CDL:097755-F)

121830	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish-Pesticide Research
Laboratory (1975?) SD 43775: Summary of Acute Toxicity. (Unpublished
study received Oct 6, 1977 under 201-401; submitted by Shell Chemical
Co., Washington, DC; CDL:096385-AB)

140461	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Pesticide Research
Laboratory (1975) Summary of Acute Toxicity ?of SD 43775 on Fish,
Daphnia and Chironomus|. (Unpublished study received Dec 28, 1976 under
201-EX-50; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC;
CDL:095680-C)

141962	Sanborn, J. (1978) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 to Daphnia.
Unpublished study prepared by Shell Development Co, Biological Sciences
Research Center. 7 p.

141969	Burress, R. (1980) Effects of Pydrin (Fenvalerate) Treatments on
Fish and Benthic Invertebrates in Experimental Ponds. Unpublished study
prepared by Southeastern Fish Control Laboratory. 10 p.

141970	Anderson, R. (1982) Toxicity of Fenvalerate and permethrin to
several nontarget aquatic invertebrates. Environmental Entomology.
11(6): 1251-1257.

141976	Crossland, N.; Bennett, D.; Kane, D.; et al. (1978) The
Dispersion and Toxic Effects of the Insecticide WL 43775 in a Pond:
Group Research Report TLGR.0077.78. Unpublished study prepared by Shell
Toxicology Laboratory (Tunstall). 22 p.

144840	EG&G Bionomics (1983) Aquatic Ecological Effects Study of the
Aerial Application of Pydrin Insecticide to Cotton: EG&G Bionomics
Report #BW-83-1-1353. Unpublished study. 85 p.

40444002	Hutton, D. (1987) Daphnia magna Static Acute 48-hour EC50 of
Technical Asana Insecticide: Haskell Laboratory Report No. 402-87.
Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 10
p.

40444003	Hutton, D. (1987) Fed Daphnia magna Static Acute 48-hour EC50
of Technical Asana Insecticide: Haskell Laboratory Report No. 403- 87.
Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 10
p.

41891914	Baer, K. (1991) Static, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of DPX-Y4306-90 to
Daphnia magna: Lab Project Number: 355-91: MR-9084-001. Unpublished
study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. & Haskell. 23 p.

Acute Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

MRID	Citation Reference

71645	Heitmuller, T. (1975) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 Code 4-1-0-0
(Technical) to Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), Pink Shrimp
(Penaeus duorarum), Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugilator), and Sheepshead
Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). (Unpublished study received Apr 9, 1981
under 6G1755; prepared by Bionomics, EG & G, Inc., submitted by Shell
Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099983-V)

71646	Heitmuller, T. (1975) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 Code 4-1-8-1 (2-4
lb/gal EC) to Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), Pink Shrimp
(Penaeus duorarum), Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugilator), and Sheepshead
Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). (Unpublished study received Apr 9, 1981
under 8G1755; prepared by Bionomics, EG & G, Inc., submitted by Shell
Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099983-W)

74135	Heitmuller, T. (1975) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 Code 4-1-0-0
(Technical) to Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), Pink Shrimp
(Penaeus duorarum), Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugilator), and Sheepshead
Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). (Unpublished study received Jan 15,
1979 under 201-401; prepared by Bionomics--EG & G, Inc., submitted by
Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099947-I)

141965	Bionomics--EG&G, Inc. (1975) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 Code
4-1-0- 0 (Technical) to Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), Pink
Shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), Fiddler Crabs (Uca pugilator), and Sheepshead
Minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus). Unpublished study 9 p.

141966	Bionomics--EG&G, Inc. (1975) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 Code
4-1-8- 1 to Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), Pink Shrimp
(Penaeus duorarum), Fiddler Crab (Uca pugilator), and Sheepshead Minnows
(Cyprinodon variegatus). Unpublished study. 12 p.

141967	Borthwick, P.; Walsh, G. (1981) Initial Toxicological Assessment
of Ambush, Bolero, Bux, Dushan, Fentrifanil, Larvin, and Pydrin: Static
Acute Toxicity Tests with Selected Estuarine Algae, In- vertebrates, and
Fish: EPA-600/4-81-076. Unpublished study pre- pared by Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 9 p.

141968	Tagatz, M.; Ivey, J. (1981) Effects of fenvalerate on field- and
laboratory-developed estuarine benthic communities. Bull. Environm.
Contam. Toxicol. 27:256-267.

144839	EG&G Bionomics (1980) Acute Toxicity of SD 43775 (Technical) to
Mysid-Shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia): Project Number H91. Unpublished study.
6 p.

Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID	Citation Reference

100117	Potter, J. (1976) Residues of 14C and SD 43775-14C in Fish Ex-
posed to SD 43775-14C: TIR-22-105-76. (Unpublished study received Jan
15, 1979 under 201-401; submitted by Shell Oil Co., Washington, DC;
CDL:097755-S; 097083)

100120	Bionomics (1978) Residue Levels of SD 43775 in Fathead Minnows
Resulting from 168 Days Exposure to SD 43775 in Water followed by 0, 14,
28 and 56 Days of Depuration: TIR-24-609-77-B. (Un- published study
received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; submitted by Shell Oil Co.,
Washington, DC; CDL:097755-X)

141963	Sanborn, J. (1978) The Effect of SD 43775 on Daphnia magna in a
Static Test System. Unpublished study prepared by Shell Development Co.,
Biological Sciences Research Center. 17 p.

141967	Borthwick, P.; Walsh, G. (1981) Initial Toxicological Assessment
of Ambush, Bolero, Bux, Dushan, Fentrifanil, Larvin, and Pydrin: Static
Acute Toxicity Tests with Selected Estuarine Algae, In- vertebrates, and
Fish: EPA-600/4-81-076. Unpublished study pre- pared by Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 9 p.

144841	Shell Chemical Co. (19??) [Toxic Effects of SD-43775 on the
Fathead Minnow]. Unpublished study. 8 p.

40444001	Hutton, D. (1987) Chronic Toxicity of Technical Asana
Insecticide to Daphnia magna: Haskell Laboratory Report No. 589-87.
Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 21
p.

40492301	McKee, M.; Knowles, C. (1986) Effects of fenvalerate on
biochemical parameters, survival, and reproduction. Ecotoxicology and
Environmental Safety 12:70-84.

41068007	Hansen, D.; Goodman, L.; Moore, J.; et al. (1983) Effects of
the synthetic pyrethroid AC 222, 705, permethrin and fenvalerate on
Sheepshead minnows in early life stage toxicity tests. Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 2:251-258.

41068009	Spehar, R.; Tanner, D.; Gibson, J. (1982) Effects of kelthane
and pydrin on early life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
and amphipods (Hyalella azteca). Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard
assessment: p. 234-244 in the papers of the Fifth Conference , ASTM STP
766, American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, Pa.

Life cycle fish

MRID	Citation Reference

74145	EG & G, Bionomics (1978) Chronic Toxicity of SD-43775 to the
Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas): Report #BW-78-1-018. (Unpublished
study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; sub- mitted by Shell Chemical
Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099947-T)

100116	E G & G, Bionomics (1978) Chronic Toxicity of SD-43755 to the
Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas): Report #BW-78-1-018. (Unpublished
study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; submit- ted by Shell Oil Co.,
Washington, DC; CDL:097755-Q)

121839	Sauter, S. (1977) Letter sent to J. Bishop dated Aug 25, 1977 A
summary of chronic exposure of SD-43775 to fathead minnows|.
(Unpublished study received Oct 6, 1977 under 201-401; prepared by EG &
G, Bionomics, submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC;
CDL:096385-AO)

144841	Shell Chemical Co. (19??) [Toxic Effects of SD-43775 on the
Fathead Minnow]. Unpublished study. 8 p.

Aquatic org. accumulation

MRID	Citation Reference

41068009	Spehar, R.; Tanner, D.; Gibson, J. (1982) Effects of kelthane
and pydrin on early life stages of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
and amphipods (Hyalella azteca). Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard
assessment: p. 234-244 in the papers of the Fifth Conference , ASTM STP
766, American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, Pa.

Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID	Citation Reference

71642	Shell Chemical Company (1975) Toxicity of the Pyrethroid
Insecticides, SD 43775 and SD 41706, to Fish. (Unpublished study
received Apr 9, 1981 under 6G1755; CDL:099983-S)

74138	Bishop, J.L.; Simpson, E. (1976) SD 43775/Aquatic Wildlife Study.
(Unpublished study received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; submit- ted by
Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.; CDL:099947-M)

74143	Hughes, W.J.; Brown, L.L. (1976) Fish Toxicity Studies with SD
43775: Test SD 43775-76-14. (Unpublished study received Jan 15, 1979
under 201-401; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, D.C.;
CDL:099947-R)

74144	Miura, T.; Takahashi, R.M. (1976) Effects of a synthetic
pyrethroid, SD43775, on nontarget organisms when utilized as a mosquito
larvicide. Mosquito News 36(3):322-326. (Also In unpublished submission
received Jan 15, 1979 under 201-401; submitted by Shell Chemical Co.,
Washington, D.C.; CDL:099947-S)

121833	Hughes, W.; Brown, L. (1976) Fish Toxicity Studies with SD 43775:
Test SD 43775--76-14. (Unpublished study received Oct 6, 1977 under
201-401; submitted by Shell Chemical Co., Washington, DC; CDL:096385-AH)

140462	Comegys, G.; Metz, R.; Skelsey, J. (1976) Control of Cotton
Insects with SD 43775. (Unpublished study received Dec 28, 1976 under
201-EX-50; submitted by Shell Oil Co., Washington, DC; CDL: 095680-E)

Submitted Effects Studies for Esfenvalerate

Avian Single Dose Oral Toxicity

MRID	Citation Reference

41698401	Campbell, S.; Hoxter., K.; Smith, G. (1990) Technical Asana: An
Acute Oral Toxicity with the Northern Bobwhite: Lab Project Number:
112-231A. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 21
p.

Avian Dietary Toxicity

MRID	Citation Reference

41637802	Driscoll, C.; Hoxter, K.; Smith, G. (1990) Asana Technical: A
Dietary LC50 Study with the Mallard: Lab Project Number: 112-230.
Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International Ltd. 30 p.

41637803	Driscoll, C.; Hoxter, K.; Smith, G.; et al. (1990) Asana
Technical: A Dietary LC50 Study with the Northern Bobwhite: Lab Project
Number: 112/229. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife Inter- national
Ltd. 26 p.

Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

MRID	Citation Reference

41215201	Ward, G. (1984) Acute Toxicity of SD47443, Pydrin Isomer, to
the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas): Proj. ID 297.0584.8002.
Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Bionomics Inc. 19 p.

41215202	Forbis, A.; Georgie, L.; Burgess, D. (1985) Acute Toxicity of
MO70616-3-6 1.9 EC to Bluegill Sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus): Static
Acute Toxicity Report #33176. Unpublished study prepared by Analytical
Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. 17 p.

41233001	Forbis, A.; Georgie, L.; Burgess, D. (1985) Acute Toxicity of
M070616 Technical to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Static Acute
Toxicity Report #33175. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de
Nemours & Co., Inc. 17 p.

41233002	Forbis, A.; Georgie, L.; Burgess, D. (1985) Acute Toxicity of
MO 70616-3-6 1.9EC to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri): Static Acute
Toxicity Report #33177. Unpublished study prepared by Analytical
Bio-Chemistry Laboratories, Inc. 17 p.

43358311	Baer, K. (1994) Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of
DPX-YB656-82 to Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Lab Project Number:
HLR 254-94: 254-94: 9799-001. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont
Haskell Lab for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. 35 p.

43358312	Baer, K. (1994) Flow-through, Acute, 96-Hour LC50 of
DPX-YB656-82 to Bluegill Sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: Revised Report:
Lab Project Number: HLR 350-94: 350-94: 9799-001. Unpublished study
prepared by DuPont Haskell Lab for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine.
37 p.

41215201	Ward, G.S. SD47443 Pydrin Isomer Toxicity to Fathead minnow

Acute Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

MRID	Citation Reference

40444002	Hutton, D. (1987) Daphnia magna Static Acute 48-hour EC50 of
Technical Asana Insecticide: Haskell Laboratory Report No. 402-87.
Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 10
p.

40444003	Hutton, D. (1987) Fed Daphnia magna Static Acute 48-hour EC50
of Technical Asana Insecticide: Haskell Laboratory Report No. 403- 87.
Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 10
p.

41798301	Baer, K. (1991) Static Acute 48-Hour EC50 of IN YB656-59 to
Daphnia magna: Lab Project Number: 505-90: MR-4581-803. Unpublished
study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. 20 p.

42492601	Baer, K. (1992) Static Renewal, Acute 48-Hour EC50 of
DPX-YB656-59 (Asana XL Insecticide) to Daphnia magna (Supp): Lab Project
Number: 483-92: 9581-008. Unpublished study prepared by Du Pont Haskell
Labs. 24 p.

42492602	Baer, K. (1992) Static Renewal, Acute 48-Hour EC50 of
DPX-YB656-58 (Technical Asana Insecticide) to Daphnia magna (Supp): Lab
Project Number: 490-92: 9581-007. Unpublished study prepared by Du Pont
Haskell Labs. 25 p.

43358313	Baer, K. (1994) Static-Renewal, Acute, 48-Hour EC50 of
DPX-YB656-82 to Daphnia magna: Revised Report: Lab Project Number: HLR
698-93: 698-93: 9581-063. Unpublished study prepared by DuPont Haskell
Lab for Toxicology and Industrial Medicine. 36 p.

42170201	L'Empereur, K. (1991) Supplement To: Static Acute 48-Hour EC50
of IN YB656-59 to Daphnia magna: Lab Project Number: 505-90:
MR-4581-803. Unpublished study prepared by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and
Co. 12 p.

43758313	Baer, K. DPX-YB656-82 Formulation toxicity to Daphnia magna
(44% SS Isomer)

Estuarine Organism Acute Toxicity

40228401	USEPA Gulbreeze Laboratory studies were conducted on a number
of species with Fenvelerate

Fish Early Life Stage/Aquatic Invertebrate Life Cycle Study

MRID	Citation Reference

40414101	Surprenant, D. (1987) Chronic Toxicity of (Carbon-14)-Asana
(DPX-GB-800) to Mysid Shrimp (Mysidopsis Bahia): Report No. 87-8-2475:
Study No. 777-0186-6101-530. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn
Life Sciences, Inc. 103 p.

40444001	Hutton, D. (1987) Chronic Toxicity of Technical Asana
Insecticide to Daphnia magna: Haskell Laboratory Report No. 589-87.
Unpublished study prepared by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. 21
p.

Simulated or Actual Field Testing

MRID	Citation Reference

41573901	Krueger, H.; Springer, T.; Jaber, M.; et al. (1990) An
Evaluation of the Impact of Esfenvalerate on Managed Aquatic Ecosystems:
Lab Proj.# AMR-1232-88. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife
International Ltd. 830 p.

41665601	Stanley, B.; Layton, R. (1990) An Evaluation of the Impact of
Esfenvalerate on Managed Aquatic Ecosystems: Supplement No. 1 to:
Project Number: AMR-1232-88: 112-182. Unpublished study prepared by
Wildlife International Ltd. 35 p.

Honey bee acute contact

MRID	Citation Reference

41698402	Hoxter, K.; Smith, G. (1990) H-18,151 (Technical Asana): An
Acute Contact Toxicity Study with the Honey Bee: Lab Project Number:
112-247: 471-90. Unpublished study prepared by Wildlife International,
Ltd. 15 p.

NON Guideline Study Selections

MRID	Citation Reference

46591505	Putt, A. (2005) Esfenvalerate - Toxicity to Midge (Chironomus
tentans) During a 10-Day Sediment Exposure. Project Number: 13656/6119.
Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers Laboratories. 94 p.

46620401	Putt, A. (2005) Esfenvalerate - Toxicity to Estuarine Amphipods
(Leptocheirus plumulosus) During a 28-Day Sediment Exposure. Project
Number: 13656/6120. Unpublished study prepared by Springborn Smithers
Laboratories. 89 p.

47050502	Burr, S.; Ray, D. (2004) Structure-Activity and Interaction
Effects of 14 different Pyrethroids on Voltage-Gated Chloride Ion
Channels. Toxicological Sciences 77(2):341-346.

47543612	Fairchild, J.; La Point, T.; Schwartz, T. (1994) Effects of an
Herbicide and Insecticide Mixture in Aquatic Mesocosms. Archives of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 27: 527-533.

Chironomid Sediment Toxicity Test

MRID	Citation Reference

46871501	Giddings, J. (2006) Overview of Sediment Toxicity Studies with
Synthetic Pyrethroids. Project Number: 06723, 06273. Unpublished study
prepared by Compliance Services International. 62 p.

Appendix   SEQ Appendix \* ALPHABETIC  A :  Data Call In Tables

Esfenvalerate:  Acute Oral Toxicity to Passerine Species

Guideline Number: 850.2100

Study Title:  Avian Oral Toxicity (Passerine Species with TGAI)

Rationale for Requiring the Data

No data for passerine species are available.  Avian acute data indicate
that esfenvalerate is highly toxic to the bobwhite quail, toxicity data
for game birds may not reflect risks to passerine birds which have been
identified to be more sensitive to pesticides in some cases than the
Bobwhite Quail or Mallard Duck.  Therefore, additional data are needed
to accurately assess risks to these species.  Specifically, data are
required on one passerine species in addition to either one waterfowl
species or one upland game bird species for terrestrial, aquatic,
forestry, and residential outdoor uses.

Practical Utility of the Data

How will the data be used?

The passerine acute toxicity data are needed for future regulatory
decisions, and for endangered species assessments.  The data will allow
the Agency to better assess the risks to these organisms, including the
likelihood of potential risks to endangered species, either by direct
effects or by indirect effects such as reducing food sources to listed
predators and scavengers.  Results of this study would be used to
calculate acute risks to passerine species from exposure to
esfenvalerate and to identify whether current labeling is appropriate
and whether further mitigation is necessary.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

If the data indicate that esfenvalerate poses a significant acute risk
to upland game or passerine birds, the Agency may explore additional
decision options to minimize the risk of esfenvalerate to these species.
 If future endangered species risk assessments are performed without
these data, the Agency would have to assume that esfenvalerate "may
affect" passerine birds directly and other endangered species indirectly
through loss of prey.  The lack of these data will limit the flexibility
the Agency and registrants have in complying with the Endangered Species
Act and could result in unnecessary use restrictions, and the use of
esfenvalerate may need to be restricted in areas where endangered
species occur unless these data are provided.

Esfenvalerate:  Chronic Toxicity for Avian Species

Guideline Number:  850.2300

Study Title:   Avian Reproduction Study (Upland Game Bird and Waterfowl
with TGAI)

Rationale for Requiring the Data

No acceptable data on reproductive toxicity to birds have been
submitted.   A chronic risk assessment for birds is needed based on
esfenvalerate’s use patterns and potential impact on birds.  The avian
reproduction toxicity study is justified for esfenvalerate because 1)
the avian reproduction studies for waterfowl and upland game bird
species are standard data requirements for all outdoor terrestrial use
patterns, 2) evidence of chronic toxicity to mammals indicates possible
chronic toxicity in birds, and 3) esfenvalerate use pattern indicates
that chronic exposure is likely.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make its re-registration decision without this data?

An ecological risk assessment was not conducted for the re-registration
decision for esfenvalerate.

How will the data be used?

The avian reproduction studies are needed for future regulatory
decisions and for an endangered species assessment in particular.  The
data would allow the Agency to quantify the potential for chronic risk,
as measured by effects on reproduction and hatchling survival, from the
use of esfenvalerate.  Results of this study would be used to calculate
risks to avian reproduction from dietary exposure to esfenvalerate at
labeled use rates and to identify what, if any, label language is needed
to mitigate identified risks.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

If future endangered species risk assessments are performed without
these data, the Agency would have to assume that esfenvalerate "may
affect" birds directly (and endangered species from other taxa
indirectly), and use of esfenvalerate might need to be restricted in
areas where endangered species could be exposed.  The lack of these data
will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have in coming
into compliance with the Endangered Species Act and could result in use
restrictions for esfenvalerate which are unnecessarily severe.

Esfenvalerate:  Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater Fish

Guideline Number:  850.1075

Study Title:  Acute Toxicity Freshwater Fish (Coldwater and Warmwater
Fish with TGAI)

Guideline Number:  850.1500

Study Title:  Freshwater Fish Full Lifecycle (for freshwater species
with acute data with TGAI)

Guideline Number:  850.1400

Study Title:  Freshwater Fish Early Life stage (for one species with
acute data and TGAI, data from the fish full lifecycle may be used to
fulfill this guideline)

Rationale for Requiring the Data

There is insufficient data available to assess the potential mortality
risk of esfenvalerate to freshwater fish.  The exposure concentrations
in submitted acute and chronic studies are uncertain due to highly
variable measured concentrations or concentrations were not measured.
Acute data are required for one warmwater and one coldwater species.  A
fish full lifecycle study is required for one fish that also has acute
data.  Data may be collected in the fish full lifecycle study to satisfy
the fish early life stage guideline as well.  Given that fecundity
endpoints are highly variable, the lab that conducts the test should
ensure that an appropriate number of replicates be used.  Usually for
nonparametric tests, a minimum of four replicates are required.

Requested data would allow EPA to estimate acute and chronic risks to
freshwater fish, including defining an action area for endangered
species.  Risk mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the maximum
esfenvalerate application rate that results in an RQ below the LOC)
cannot be evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make a re-registration decision without these data?

An ecological risk assessment was not completed with the reregistration
decision for esfenvalerate.

How will the data be used?

These data are needed for a registration review decision and for an
endangered species assessment, which will be conducted as part of that
decision. The data would allow the Agency to determine acute and chronic
risk to freshwater fish from exposure to esfenvalerate.  The effects
data would be used to determine the likelihood that the acute and
chronic risks can potentially impact aquatic communities, either by
direct effects or by indirect effects on other organisms by reducing
their food sources.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Risk assessment and mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the maximum
esfenvalerate application rate that results in Risk Quotients (RQs)
below the Level of Concern (LOC)) cannot be evaluated without these
data.  If future endangered species risk assessments are performed
without these data, the Agency would have to assume that esfenvalerate
“may affect” endangered freshwater fish directly (and endangered
species from other taxa indirectly), and use of esfenvalerate might need
to be restricted in areas where endangered species could be exposed.
The lack of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and
registrants have in coming into compliance with the Endangered Species
Act and could result in use restrictions for esfenvalerate which are
unnecessarily severe.

Esfenvalerate:  Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Estuarine/Marine Organisms

Guideline Number: 850.1075

Study Title:  Estuarine/Marine Fish Acute Toxicity Study (TGAI and TEP)

Guideline Number:  850.1500

Study Title:  Estuarine/Marine Fish Full Life Cycle (TGAI)

Guideline Number 850.1400

Study Title:  Estuarine/Marine Fish Early Life Stage (TGAI)

Guideline Number:  850.1025, 850.1035, 850.1045, 850.1055

Study Title:   Acute Toxicity Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate Toxicity
Study  for Mollusk and Another Invertebrate (TGAI and TEP)

Guideline Number: 850.1350

Study Title:  Estuarine/Marine Invertebrate Life Cycle for One Species
(TGAI)

Guideline Number: Not Available

for one species using the SS-isomer and the TGAI and for the TEP because
the maximum EEC is expected to be ≥ the 0.5 × LC50 based on the
freshwater acute toxicity data (MRID 43358311).

 EEC (0.65 µg/L) ≥ 0.1 × LC50 (0.31 µg/L)   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Borges</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum
><DisplayText>(Borges,
2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">1</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Borges,
Shannon</author><author>White, Katrina</author><author>Thurman,
Nelson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Risks of
Esfenvalerate Use to Federally Threatened California Red-Legged Frog
(Rana aurora draytonii).  Pesticide Effects
Determination</title><secondary-title>February 19,
2008</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>February 19,
2008</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword>
</keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>February 19,
2008</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><publisher>Government Printing Office.  Washington,
D.C.</publisher>Endangered Species
Assessment<urls><related-urls><url>http://www.epa.gov/espp/litst
atus/effects/redleg-frog/index.html</url></related-urls></urls><access-d
ate>June 19, 2009</access-date><modified-date>February 19,
2008</modified-date></record></EndNote> (Borges et al., 2008) .
Given that fecundity endpoints are highly variable, the lab that
conducts the test should ensure that an appropriate number of replicates
be used.  Usually for nonparametric tests, a minimum of four replicates
are required.  A fish early life cycle test was not requested because
these data will be available from the full lifecycle test.

Acute toxicity data are needed for the mollusk and an estuarine/marine
invertebrate for the TGAI and TEP because the data available cannot be
used quantitatively and these are standard data requirements when
estuarine/marine exposure may occur.

An estuarine/marine invertebrate life cycle study is needed because the
acute LC50 is expected to be less than 1 mg/L based on
supplemental-qualitative data (MRID 40228401, 144839).  Additionally,
chronic exposure is likely to occur.

Finally, an estuarine/marine whole sediment test (28-day exposure)
examining survival, growth, and reproduction is needed for amphipods
(Leptocheirus plumulosus).  This study was requested to understand
sediment toxicity for all pyrethroids and in response to an 1999 SAP on
pyrethroids   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>USEPA</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>42</RecNum
><DisplayText>(USEPA,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">42</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">401</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>USEPA,</author><secondary-authors><author>SAP Report No.
99-03A</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>FIFRA
Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting, February 23, 1999 held ad the Holiday
Inn Hotel, Arlington, Virginia.</title><secondary-title>March 25,
1999</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Office of Pesticide
Programs</tertiary-title></titles><keywords><keyword>Pyrethroid,
esfenvalerate</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1999</year><pub-dates><da
te>March 25, 1999</date></pub-dates></dates>Scientific Advisory
Panel<urls><related-urls><url>http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/mee
tings/1999/022399_mtg.htm#materials</url></related-urls></urls><access-d
ate>June 26, 2009</access-date></record></EndNote> (USEPA, 1999)
.  The submitted study did not evaluate reproductive and behavioral
endpoints as recommended by current sediment recommendations.

Toxicity data for the California Grunion, Sheepshead minnow, Atlantic
silverside, Mysid shrimp, and pink shrimp are available; however, not
enough information is provided on the studies to use the results
quantitatively.

Data on acute and chronic toxicity to estuarine/marine organisms are
needed because acute and chronic exposure of estuarine/marine species to
esfenvalerate may occur with the uses of esfenvalerate.  There is
insufficient data available to assess the potential risk of
esfenvalerate to estuarine/marine organisms.  Esfenvalerate has a
variety of agricultural, commercial, and residential uses and residues
are expected to reach freshwater and estuarine/marine aquatic
environments.

The requested data would allow EPA to estimate acute and chronic risks
to estuarine/marine mollusks, invertebrates, and fish, including in
defining an action area for endangered species.  Risk mitigation
strategies (e.g., determining the maximum esfenvalerate application rate
or other risk mitigation measures that results in an RQ below the LOC)
cannot be evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make a re-registration decision without these data?

An ecological risk assessment was not completed with the re-registration
decision for esfenvalerate.

How will the data be used?

These data are needed for a registration review decision and for an
endangered species assessment, which will be conducted as part of that
decision.  The data would allow the Agency to determine acute and
chronic risk to estuarine/marine organisms from exposure to
esfenvalerate.  The effects data would be used to determine the
likelihood that exposure to esfenvalerate can potentially impact aquatic
communities, either by direct effects or by indirect effects on other
organisms by reducing their food sources.  Additionally, endpoints may
be used to estimate chronic toxicity to other estuarine/marine organisms
with acute toxicity data using an acute-to-chronic ratio.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Risk assessment and mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the maximum
esfenvalerate application rate and mitigation measures would result in
Risk Quotients (RQs) below the Level of Concern (LOC)) cannot be
evaluated without these data.  If future endangered species risk
assessments are performed without these data, the Agency would have to
assume that esfenvalerate “may affect” endangered saltwater
mollusks, invertebrates, and fish directly (and endangered species from
other taxa indirectly), and use of esfenvalerate might need to be
restricted in areas where endangered species could be exposed.  The lack
of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have
in coming into compliance with the Endangered Species Act and could
result in use restrictions for esfenvalerate which are unnecessarily
severe.

Esfenvalerate:  Acute and Chronic Toxicity to Freshwater Invertebrates

Guideline Number: 850.1010

Study Title:  Freshwater Invertebrate Acute Toxicity (TEP)

Guideline Number:  Not Available

maximum EEC≥0.5 LC50, or the end product enhances toxicity.  Data are
needed for one species using the SS-isomer and a representative TEP
because the maximum EEC (3.9 µg/L) is expected to be ≥ the 0.5 ×
LC50 (0.049 µg/L)   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Borges</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum
><DisplayText>(Borges,
2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">1</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Borges,
Shannon</author><author>White, Katrina</author><author>Thurman,
Nelson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Risks of
Esfenvalerate Use to Federally Threatened California Red-Legged Frog
(Rana aurora draytonii).  Pesticide Effects
Determination</title><secondary-title>February 19,
2008</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>February 19,
2008</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword>
</keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>February 19,
2008</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><publisher>Government Printing Office.  Washington,
D.C.</publisher>Endangered Species
Assessment<urls><related-urls><url>http://www.epa.gov/espp/litst
atus/effects/redleg-frog/index.html</url></related-urls></urls><access-d
ate>June 19, 2009</access-date><modified-date>February 19,
2008</modified-date></record></EndNote> (Borges et al., 2008) .
Data will be used to evaluate acute risk to freshwater invertebrates
exposed to esfenvalerate.

 ≥3 or the KOC≥1000 L/kg.  Data are needed for freshwater
invertebrates because:

aerobic soil half-lives   ADDIN EN.CITE <EndNote><Author>MRID
146578</Author><Year>1992</Year><RecNum>125</RecNum><DisplayText>(MRID
146578,
1992)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>125</rec-number><foreign-keys><ke
y app="EN"
db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">125</key></foreign-keys><re
f-type name="MRID">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>MRID
146578,</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Lee,
P.W.</author><author>Sterns, S.M.</author><author>Powell,
W.R.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Comparati
ve aerobic soil metabolism of SD 43775 (racemic) and SD 47443
(A-alpha)</title><secondary-title>Shell Development Company, Modesto,
CA</secondary-title></titles><number>MO-RIR-22-011-85.  Accession Number
258842</number><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate,
chlorpyrifos</keyword></keywords><dates><year>1992</year></dates>
MRID, Fate<urls></urls></record></EndNote> (MRID 146578,
1992)  are greater than 10 days; and

 values are ≥ 1000 L/kg   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>45555102</Author><Year>2001</Year><RecNum>126</Re
cNum><DisplayText>(MRID 45555102,
2001)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><ke
y app="EN"
db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">126</key></foreign-keys><re
f-type name="MRID">27</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>MRID
45555102, ,</author></authors><secondary-authors><author>Ohm,
M.</author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title>Adsorption/
Desorption of (Carbon 14)-esfenvalerate at a single concentration in six
soils</title></titles><number>Lab Project Number
DUPONT-3438</number><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword></keywords
><dates><year>2001</year></dates><pub-location>E.I. du Pont de Nemours
and Company</pub-location>MRID,
Fate<urls></urls></record></EndNote> (MRID 45555102,
2001) .

Current EFED recommendations for freshwater sediment testing include
tests on Chironomus tentans and Hyallela azteca.

In the absence of data, toxicity will be estimated using the lowest
chronic toxicity endpoint for freshwater invertebrates in freshwater and
the estimated porewater concentrations in sediment.  This does not
consider possible exposure via ingestion and could underestimate risk
for some invertebrates where ingestion is an important exposure pathway.

The requested data would allow EPA to estimate acute and chronic risks
to freshwater invertebrates, including defining an action area for
endangered species.  Risk mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the
maximum esfenvalerate application rate that results in an RQ below the
LOC) cannot be evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make a re-registration decision without these data?

An ecological risk assessment was not completed with the re-registration
decision for esfenvalerate.

How will the data be used?

These data are needed for a registration review decision and for an
endangered species assessment, which will be conducted as part of that
decision. The data would allow the Agency to determine acute and chronic
risk to freshwater invertebrates from esfenvalerate in water and
sediment.  The effects data would be used to determine the likelihood
that the acute risks can potentially impact aquatic communities, either
by direct effects or by indirect effects on other organisms by reducing
their food sources.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Risk assessment and mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the maximum
esfenvalerate application rate that results in Risk Quotients (RQs)
below the Level of Concern (LOC)) cannot be evaluated without these
data.  If future endangered species risk assessments are performed
without these data, the Agency would have to assume that esfenvalerate
“may affect” endangered freshwater invertebrates directly (and
endangered species from other taxa indirectly), and use of esfenvalerate
might need to be restricted in areas where endangered species could be
exposed.  The lack of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency
and registrants have in coming into compliance with the Endangered
Species Act and could result in use restrictions for esfenvalerate which
are unnecessarily severe.

Esfenvalerate:  Toxicity to Terrestrial Plants

Guideline Number:  850.4100

Study Title:  Seedling emergence (Tier  I, TEP)

Guideline Number:  850.4150

Study Title:  Vegetative vigor (Tier I, TEP)

Rationale for Requiring the Data

The only data on the toxicity of esfenvalerate to terrestrial plants is
available in the open literature.  Because the esfenvalerate studies in
this database differ significantly from OPP standards or are in other
ways not reliable, they are not sufficient for a quantitative assessment
of risks to terrestrial plants.  Terrestrial plants may be exposed to
esfenvalerate with spray drift.  Possible risks to terrestrial plants
cannot be evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make its re-registration decision without these data?

An ecological risk assessment was not completed with the re-registration
decision for esfenvalerate.

How will the data be used?

These data are needed for a registration review decision and for an
endangered species assessment, which will be conducted as part of that
decision. The data would allow the Agency to determine acute and chronic
risk to terrestrial plants from exposure to esfenvalerate.  The effects
data would be used to determine the likelihood that terrestrial plants
may be injured with use of esfenvalerate, either by direct effects or by
indirect effects on other organisms.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Risk assessment and mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the maximum
esfenvalerate application rate that results in Risk Quotients (RQs)
below the Level of Concern (LOC)) cannot be evaluated without these
data.  If future endangered species risk assessments are performed
without these data, the Agency would have to assume that esfenvalerate
“may affect” terrestrial plants directly and other terrestrial
organisms indirectly.  The lack of these data will limit the flexibility
the Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the
Endangered Species Act and could result in use restrictions for
esfenvalerate which are unnecessarily severe.

Esfenvalerate:  Toxicity to Aquatic Plants

Guideline Number:  850.4400

Study Title: Aquatic plant toxicity (Tier I, TEP or TGAI)

Guideline Number:  850.5400

Study Title:  Algal Toxicity (Tier I, TEP or TGAI)

Rationale for Requiring the Data

The only data on the toxicity of esfenvalerate to aquatic plants is in
the open literature.  Because the esfenvalerate studies in the open
literature differ significantly from OPP standards or are in other ways
not reliable, they are not sufficient for a quantitative assessment of
risks to aquatic plants.  Aquatic plants may be exposed to esfenvalerate
from spray drift and runoff.  Possible risks to aquatic plants cannot be
evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make its re-registration decision without these data?

An ecological risk assessment was not completed with the re-registration
decision for esfenvalerate.

How will the data be used?

These data are needed for a registration review decision and for an
endangered species assessment, which will be conducted as part of that
decision.  Effects data would be used to determine the likelihood that
aquatic plants may be injured with use of esfenvalerate.  The data would
allow the Agency to evaluate potential risk to aquatic plants and
indirect risk to other taxa due to reduction in food and/or habitat.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Risk assessment and mitigation strategies (e.g., determining the maximum
esfenvalerate application rate that results in Risk Quotients (RQs)
below the Level of Concern (LOC)) cannot be evaluated without these
data.  If future endangered species risk assessments are performed
without these data, the Agency would have to assume that esfenvalerate
use “may affect” endangered plants (and endangered species from
other taxa indirectly), and use of esfenvalerate might need to be
restricted in areas where endangered species could be exposed.  The lack
of these data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have
in coming into compliance with the Endangered Species Act and could
result in use restrictions for esfenvalerate which are unnecessarily
severe.

Esfenvalerate: Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism

Guideline Number:  835.4300

Study Title:   Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism

Rationale for Requiring the Data

Aerobic aquatic metabolism studies facilitate an understanding of a
compound’s degradation in the water column or sediment under aerobic
(oxygen-rich) conditions.  These studies are generated by pesticide
interaction with microorganisms in a water/sediment system in the
laboratory.

The hydrolysis and aerobic soil metabolism studies for esfenvalerate
indicate it may persist under aerobic aquatic conditions.  This study is
needed to quantify the persistence (half-life) under oxygenated
conditions in water/sediment systems.

The requested data would allow EPA to refine its acute (mortality) and
chronic (growth and reproduction) risk estimates for all aquatic and
estuarine/marine organisms, and allow it to define an action area for
endangered species.  Risk mitigation strategies (e.g., determining
maximum application rate that results in an RQ below the LOC) cannot be
evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

 How did the Agency make its previous decisions without these data?

In previous ecological and human health risk assessments, EFED assumed
an aquatic half-life of 9 months (2 times longer than the soil
half-life) for aquatic modeling in the absence of aquatic metabolism
data.

How will the data be used?

These data will be used to characterize the environmental fate of
esfenvalerate in water and for quantitative exposure estimation for
aquatic organisms and for drinking water for human health assessments.
These data will be used to determine appropriate inputs for simulation
modeling in place of an assumed half-life.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Without these required data, the fate of esfenvalerate in aquatic
environments cannot be characterized.  In the absence of acceptable
data, the conservative assumptions noted above will be made.  For the
purposes of aquatic exposure modeling, aquatic metabolism rates will be
assumed to be double the corresponding soil metabolism rates. The lack
of data will limit the flexibility the Agency and registrants have in
coming into compliance with the Endangered Species Act and could result
in use restrictions for esfenvalerate which are unnecessarily severe.

Esfenvalerate: Anaerobic Aquatic Metabolism

Guideline Number:  835.4300

Study Title:   Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism

Rationale for Requiring the Data

Anaerobic aquatic metabolism studies facilitate an understanding of a
compound’s degradation in the water column or sediment under anaerobic
(oxygen-poor) conditions.  These studies are generated by pesticide
interaction with microorganisms in a water/sediment system in the
laboratory.  Esfenvalerate has an affinity to sorb to sediment and may
potentially persist in oxygen-poor sediments.

The hydrolysis and aerobic soil metabolism studies for esfenvalerate
indicate it may persist under anaerobic aquatic conditions.  This study
is needed to quantify the persistence (half-life) under oxygen-poor
conditions in water/sediment systems.

The requested data would allow EPA to refine its acute (mortality) and
chronic (growth and reproduction) risk estimates for all aquatic and
estuarine/marine organisms, particularly benthic organisms, and allow it
to define an action area for endangered species.  Risk mitigation
strategies (e.g., determining maximum application rate that results in
an RQ below the LOC) cannot be evaluated without these data.

Practical Utility of the Data

How did the Agency make its previous decisions without these data?

In previous ecological risk assessments, EFED assumed an aquatic
half-life of 15 months (2 times longer than the soil half-life) for
aquatic modeling in the absence of aquatic metabolism data.

How will the data be used?

These data will be used to characterize the environmental fate of
esfenvalerate, particularly in oxygen-poor sediments, and for
quantitative exposure estimation for benthic organisms.  These data will
be used to determine appropriate inputs for simulation modeling in place
of the assumed half-life of 15 months.

How could the data impact the Agency’s future decision-making?

Without these required data, the fate of esfenvalerate in aquatic
environments, primarily in sediments, cannot be characterized.  In the
absence of acceptable data, the conservative assumptions noted above
will be made.  For the purposes of aquatic exposure modeling, aquatic
metabolism rates will be assumed to be double the corresponding soil
metabolism rates.  The lack of data will limit the flexibility the
Agency and registrants have in coming into compliance with the
Endangered Species Act and could result in use restrictions for
esfenvalerate which are unnecessarily severe.

Appendix   SEQ Appendix \* ALPHABETIC  B :  Summary of Toxicity Data

Table B1.  Summary of Submitted Aquatic Toxicity Data for Esfenvalerate
and Fenvalerate That May be Used Quantitatively.

Study Type

	Test Species Genus Species

Study Type	TGAI/ TEP

% ai Isomer

	Toxicity Endpoint (95% C.I.)

Slope

Measured/

Nominal

Expressed in terms of a.i.	Effect	MRID (Year)

Classification Date of DER 	Comments

Acute Freshwater Fish

Acute 	Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

 Flow through	TEP

SS-isomer

44%

All isomers 51%	96-hr LC50 = 0.070 (0.057-0.087) µg/L

Slope = 6.95 (6.23 -10.67)

NOAEL <0.0266 µg/L

Measured	Mortality	43358311 (1994) Acceptable

12/28/1994	Well water not characterized.  LOD of metals and priority
pollutants are too high compared to recommended limits.  Maximum solvent
concentration was 0.15 mL/L.  Sublethal effects observed at all
treatment levels and include erratic swimming, gasping for air, and
lying on the bottom.  Calibration curve range was 50-500 fold higher
than test concentrations but test concentrations were above the LOQ.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus

Flow Through	TEP (WP)

SS-isomer

44.4%

All isomers

51%	96-hr LC50 = 0.23 (0.19-0.30) µg/L

Slope = 6.79 (3.29 – 10.29)

NOAEC <0.043µg/L

Measured	Mortality	43358312 (1994)

Acceptable

12/28/1994

	Solvent was acetone and solvent concentration was slightly higher than
0.1 mL/L for flow through tests.  Sublethal effects observed at all test
concentrations including erratic swimming, lethargic, rapid respiration,
lying on the bottom, gasping for air, vertical position at bottom of
tank, partial loss of equilibrium, and dark coloration.  Calibration
curve did not span the concentrations measured.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus

Static	TEP

32%

all isomers	96-hr LC50 = 0.69 µg/L

NOAEC = 0.32 µg/L

nominal	Mortality	41215202

(1985)

Supplemental-quantitative for spray drift

05/24/1993	Nominal based, Concentrations measured but there was
contamination of samples so only nominal concentrations could be used.
As this is a TEP test, it may still be used quantitatively to assess
exposure to spray drift only.

Acute	 Bluegill Sunfish

Lepomis Macrochirus

Static	TEP

all isomers	96-hr LC50 = 0.47 (0.68 – 0.60)

Nominal

Slope = 7.89

Probit Method	Mortality	85723 (1980)

Acceptable

06/25/1986	The test was conducted under static conditions and
esfenvalerate concentrations are difficult to maintain in static tests.
However, as this is a study on the TEP, this study is acceptable.

Acute	Channel Catfish

Ictalurus punctatus

Static 	TEP (EC)

2.4 lbs ai/gallon

All	96-hr LC50 = 1.02 (0.87-1.2) µg/L	Mortality	121829 (1975)

Acceptable

10/1975	Pydrin 2.4 EC.  Xylene solvent.  One page DER.

Chronic Freshwater Fish – no quantitative studies available

Acute Estuarine/Marine Fish

Acute Freshwater Invertebrates

Acute	Water Flea Daphnia magna

Static	TGAI

All isomers

97.6	48-hr EC50 = 0.049 (0.024 – 0.082) µg/L

Slope not available

NOAEC = 0.03 µg/L

Measured	Mortality	41891914 (1991)

Acceptable

09/13/1991	Individual concentrations ranged from 17-35% nominal.

Acute	Water Flea Daphnia magna

Static-renewal	TGAI

98.6 all isomers (82.8 ss-isomer, 15.8 other isomers	48-hr EC50 = 0.24
(0.19 – 0.30) µg/L

Slope = 3.011

NOAEC = 0.044 µg/L

measured	Mortality	42492602  (1992)

Acceptable

02/11/1993

	Water flowed through aquarium with fathead minnows before use.  Mean
measured concentrations of total isomers were 78-108% nominal
concentrations and the total organic carbon was in an acceptable range.

Chronic Freshwater Invertebrates

Chronic	Water Flea Daphnia magna

Static	TGAI

SS-isomer

98.6	NOAEL/LOAEL = 0.052/0.079 µg/L

NOAEL/LOAEL = 0.15/0.45 µg/L

48-hr EC50 = 0.9 (0.7 – 1.16) µg/L

Measured 	Total number of young, young/day, and growth

Mortality

Mortality	40444001 (1987)

Acceptable

03/25/1988	Dissolved oxygen levels ranged from 48-90%.  Measured
concentrations ranged from 60 – 90% of nominal.  40-80% mortality
observed at 0.25 µg/L and 100% mortality observed at 0.50 µg/L.

10-d sediment exposure	Midge

Chironomus tentans

	TGAI

	46591505 (2005)

Not reviewed

	The sediment was screened for the presence of pesticides, PCBs and
toxic metals by GeoLabs, Inc. (Braintree, MA) and none of these
compounds were reported to be at concentrations that would be considered
to have an adverse impact on the test results.  The actual results of
the screening were not reported.  These results are needed so that EPA
may evaluate the results.  Measured concentrations were higher 130-160%
of nominal, indicating the sediment may have had residues of
esfenvalerate in it and controls may have been exposed to esfenvalerate.
 Dissolved oxygen concentrations were low (<2 mg/L) in some treatment
levels, mortality of controls was near 10%.

Acute Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates

Chronic	Mysid Shrimp

Mysidopsis bahia

40414101 (1987)

Not reviewed

	28-d sediment exposure	Amphipods

Leptocheirus plumulosus

46620401 (2005)

Not reviewed

	Abbreviations:  TGAI = technical grade active ingredient; TEP=typical
end use product; conc.=concentration; WP=wettable powder, EC =
emulsifiable concentrate; C.I. = confidence interval; LOD = limit of
detection; LOQ = limit of quantitation

* All toxicity endpoints are reported in percent active ingredient
(a.i.) unless otherwise stated.

Table B2.  Summary of Submitted Aquatic Toxicity Data for Esfenvalerate
and Fenvalerate That May be Used Qualitatively, Were Open Literature
Studies, or are Unacceptable.

Study Type

	Test Species Genus Species

Study Type	TGAI/ TEP

% ai Isomer

	Toxicity Endpoint (95% C.I.)

Slope

Measured/

Nominal

Expressed in terms of a.i.	Effect	MRID (Year)

Classification Date of DER 	Comments

Acute Freshwater Fish

Acute	Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas

Static	TGAI

98%

all isomers	96-hr LC50 = 0.18 µg/L

NOAEC  =  0.13 µg/L

nominal	Mortality	41215201 (1984)

Supplemental-qualitative

05/24/1993	Analytical results indicated that test material was not
stable.  DO was 38-63%.

Acute	Rainbow Trout

Salmo gairdneri Static	TEP (EC)

All isomers

32% 	96-hr LC50 = 0.51 µg/L

NOAEC  =  0.18 µg/L

nominal	Mortality	41233002 (1985)

Supplemental-qualitative

05/24/1993

	Esfenvalerate measured in solvent control.  The Table containing the
analytical results may have been from another test using the same test
material.  Percent a.i. in test material was not given in report.  Data
missing from appendix.

Acute	Rainbow Trout Salmo gairdneri Static

	TGAI

SS-isomer

NS	96-hr LC50 = 0.26 (0.20- 0.63) µg/L

Slope=5.96 (1.98-9.93)

NOAEC/LOAEC = 0.1/0.18 µg/L

Nominal	Mortality	41233001 (1985)

Supplemental-qualitative

05/24/1990

	Esfenvalerate measured in solvent control and measured concentrations
were highly variable.  The reviewer speculated that contamination
occurred during shipping.  Esfenvalerate was prepared in acetone which
causes racemization.  Part of the appendix is missing.  Some bottle caps
were loose when samples were received.

Acute	Rainbow Trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss

Static	TGAI

All isomers

	96-hr LC50 = 1.2 (0.95-1.5) µg/L	Mortality	121830 (1976)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER amendment 	Aerated, fish were 20g, mortality data not legible. One
page DER.  Purity of the test substance was not provided.

Acute – 	Rainbow Trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss

	TGAI

95%

all isomers	96-hr LC50 > solubility	Mortality	121833 (1975)

Supplemental-qualitative

NS	One page DER. The test was conducted by the U.S. FWS in Columbia, MO.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus Static	TGAI

All isomers

92.1%	96-hr LC50 = 1.01 µg/L	Mortality	Test No 2359

	Conducted at Harrison Lake National Fish.  Open Literature

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus Static	TGAI

All isomers

92.1%	96-hr LC50 = 0.63 µg/L	Mortality	Test No. 2355

	Conducted at Harrison Lake National Fish.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus Static	TEP

All isomers

30%	96-hr LC50 = 4.3 µg/L	Mortality	Test No. 2360

No DER	Only one page summary available.  Conducted at Harrison Lake
National Fish.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus

Static	TEP

All isomers

30%	96-hr LC50 = 4.9 µg/L	Mortality	Test No. 2354

No DER	Only one page summary available.  Conducted at Harrison Lake
National Fish.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish

Lepomis macrochirus

Static	TGAI

All

NS	96-hr LC50 = 0.42 (0.30 – 0.59) µg/L	Mortality	121830 (1976)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER Amendment	One page DER.  Not enough information in the MRID to
evaluate study.  Purity of the test substance was not provided.  The
test was conducted under static conditions and the concentrations were
not measured.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish

Lepomis macrochirus

Static	TGAI

95%

All isomers	96-hr-LC50 = 0.64 (0.55-0.75) µg/L	Mortality	121828 (1975)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER Amendment 	One page DER.

Acute	Channel Catfish

Ictalurus punctatus

Static	TGAI

all isomers

95%	96-hr LC50 = 0.81 (0.68-0.97) µg/L	Mortality	71642 (1975)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER Amendment 	One page DER.  Not enough information in the MRID to
fully evaluate study.

Acute 	Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

 flow through	TGAI

All isomers

97.6

Mortality	41891913 (1991)

Invalid

09/25/1991	Test concentrations were 30-72% of nominal.  The actual
concentrations to which rainbow trout were exposed is unknown.
Mortality at all test concentrations.  Level of solvent not known.
Pretest mortality not reported. Age of test organisms not reported.

Acute	Bluegill Sunfish Lepomis macrochirus

Static	TGAI

97.6%

all isomers

	41891912 (1991)

Invalid

09/25/1991	Test concentrations were 22-200% of nominal.  The actual
concentrations to which rainbow trout were exposed is unknown.
Sublethal effects at all test concentrations.  Age of test organisms not
reported.

Chronic Freshwater Fish

Chronic	Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas

Flow through	TGAI

Assumed all isomers

96%

Number of spawns per female, survival and growth of fry	Acc No. 97000
(1978)

Unacceptable

DER Amendment

	There were difficulties in maintaining the desired test concentrations.
 Test days 42-63, measured concentration decreased as fish size and the
quantity of food introduced in the test tank increased.  The
concentration of the stock solution was doubled on day 63.  All test
concentrations were higher than the solubility and many samples had
measured concentrations below the minimum detectable level.

Acute Estuarine/Marine Fish

Acute	Atlantic silverside

Menidia menidia

Flow-through	TGAI

100%

All isomers	96-hr LC50 = 0.31 (0.21-0.40) µg/L

Slope not available

Measured	Mortality	40228401 (1986)

Qualitative

Study Summary

	The source of these data is a listing of estuarine/marine studies on
pesticides compiled by the USEPA (Mayer. 1986. Acute Toxicity Handbook
of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms, Prepared for the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Prepared by Environmental Research
Laboratory-Gulf Breeze EPAl6001X-26/23 1.).  The raw data for these
studies are not available and many of the details of the study are not
known. The study was initially classified as core   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999) .

Acute	Sheepshead minnow

Cyprinodon variegates

Flow-through	TGAI

100%

All isomers	96-hr LC50 > Solubility	Mortality	40228401 (1986)

Qualitative

Study Summary

	The source of these data is a listing of estuarine/marine studies on
pesticides compiled by the USEPA (Mayer. 1986. Acute Toxicity Handbook
of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms, Prepared for the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Prepared by Environmental Research
Laboratory-Gulf Breeze EPAl6001X-26/23 1.).  The raw data for these
studies are not available and many of the details of the study are not
known. The study was initially classified as core   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999) .

Acute	California Grunion

Leuresthes tenuis

Flow-through	TGAI

100%

All isomers	96-hr LC50 = 0.29  (0.21-0.37)

Slope not available

Measured

	Mortality	40228401 (1986)

Qualitative

Study Summary

	The source of these data is a listing of estuarine/marine studies on
pesticides compiled by the USEPA (Mayer. 1986. Acute Toxicity Handbook
of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms, Prepared for the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Prepared by Environmental Research
Laboratory-Gulf Breeze EPAl6001X-26/23 1.).  The raw data for these
studies are not available and many of the details of the study are not
known. The study was initially classified as core   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999) .

Acute Freshwater Invertebrates

Acute	Water Flea

Daphnia magna

Static	TGAI

SS-isomer

98.6	48-hr LC50 = 0.9 (0.7-1.2) µg/L

Slope not specified

NOAEL/LOAEL = 0.11/0.19 µg/L

nominal	Mortality	40444002 (1987)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER amendment 	Concentrations were not measured.  This study was
originally found to be acceptable (DER 03/8/1988).  Static studies with
measured concentrations show highly variable test concentrations.
Therefore, in order to be confident in the test concentration the
concentrations should be measured for this compound.

Acute

	Water Flea Daphnia magna Static-renewal	TEP (EC)

9.7% all isomers (8.4 ss-isomer and 1.3% other isomer)	48-hr EC50 = 0.33
µg/L

NOAEC = 0.067 µg/L

measured	Mortality	42492601 (1992) Supplemental-qualitative

05/21/1993	Water flowed through aquarium with fathead minnows before
use.  Measured concentrations of total isomers ranged from 55-84% of
nominal.

Acute	Water Flea

Daphnia magna

Static	TGAI

NS

All	48-hr EC50 < 1.6 µg/L	Mortality	121830 (1976)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER Amendment 	One page DER.  Purity of the test substance was not
provided.

Acute	Midge

Chironomus plumosus

NS	TGAI

All isomers

NS	48-hr EC50 >10 µg/L	Mortality	121830 (1976)

Supplemental-qualitative

DER Amendment	One page DER.  USFWS.  Purity of the test substance was
not provided.

Acute	Water Flea

Daphnia magna

Flow-Through	TEP

ss- isomer

8.4%	48-hr EC50 = 0.008 µg/L

measured	NA	41798301

(1991)

Supplemental-qualitative

  ADDIN EN.CITE   ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA   (Borges et al., 2008; Bryceland,
1999)

	Unidentified contaminant and low analytical recoveries.  Racemization
was observed. Solvent DMF.  This study was reported to be supplemental
in recent risk assessments   ADDIN EN.CITE   ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA
(Borges et al., 2008; Bryceland, 1999) .  However, the memo in 1992
indicates that Dupont agreed to repeat this study due to variable
analytical results, racemization, and possible contamination of water
(Memo to RD

02/18/1992)

Acute	Water Flea Daphnia magna	TEP/

WP

44.4% SS-isomer

51.0% all isomers

Mortality	43758313

(1994)

Unacceptable

DER Amendment 	Static-renewal.  Source of water was filtered fish tank
water. This study is invalid because of 1) contamination of 10 out of 16
initial test concentration samples; 2) addition of hexane rinsings of
beakers to final test concentration samples; 3) a calibration curve that
does not span the range of test concentrations; 4) the use of filtered,
fish tank water.

Chronic Freshwater Invertebrates

Life-Cycle	Water Flea

Daphnia magna

Static	TGAI

94%

All isomers

	109887 (1979)

Invalid

06/25/1986	Greater than 80% mortality in controls.

Acute Estuarine/Marine Invertebrates

Acute	Mysid shrimp

Mysidopsis bahia

Static

Nominal	TGAI

All isomers

NS	96-hr LC50 = 0.038 (0.030 – 0.048) µg/L	Mortality	144839 (1980)

Not formally reviewed

	Acute	Pink Shrimp

Panaeus duorarum

Flow-through	TGAI

100%

All-isomers	96-hr LC50 = 0.84 µg/L	Mortality	40228401 (1986)

Qualitative

Study Summary 	The source of these data is a listing of estuarine/marine
studies on pesticides compiled by the USEPA (Mayer. 1986. Acute Toxicity
Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms, Prepared for the Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Prepared by Environmental Research
Laboratory-Gulf Breeze EPAl6001X-26/23 1.).  The raw data for these
studies are not available and many of the details of the study are not
known. The study was initially classified as core   ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999) .

Abbreviations:  TGAI = technical grade active ingredient; TEP=typical
end use product; conc.=concentration; WP=wettable powder, EC =
emulsifiable concentrate; C.I. = confidence interval; LOD = limit of
detection; LOQ = limit of quantitation

* All toxicity endpoints are reported in percent active ingredient
(a.i.) unless otherwise stated.

Table B3.  Summary of terrestrial toxicity data submitted for
esfenvalerate and fenvalerate that may be used quantitatively.

Study Type

	Test Species	Isomers	TGAI or TEP	Toxicity Endpoint

(95% C.I.)

Slope

Measured/ nominal	Effect	MRID (Year)

Classification, DER date or source	Comments

Mammals

Acute Oral	Laboratory Rat

Rattus norvegicus

TEP

50% a.i.	LD50 = 305 mg/kg-bw ai	Mortality	40602201

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999)

	Acute Oral	Laboratory Rat

Rattus norvegicus

TEP

30% a.i.	LD50 = 47.4 mg/kg-bw ai	Mortality	41199801

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999)

	Acute Oral	Laboratory Rat

Rattus norvegicus

TEP

24.6% a.i.	LD50 = 78.7 mg/kg-bw ai	Mortality	41820503

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999)

	Acute Oral	Laboratory Rat-male

Rattus norvegicus

TEP

8.4% a.i.	LD50 = 34.5 mg/kg-bw ai	Mortality	40369501

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection
Agency.</tertiary-title></titles><dates><year>1999</year></dates><urls><
/urls></record></EndNote> (Bryceland, 1999)

	Acute Oral	Laboratory Rat-male

Rattus norvegicus

TGAI

97.0	LD50 =87.2 mg/kg-bw	Mortality	00144973

Acceptable

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Borges</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum
><DisplayText>(Borges,
2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">1</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Borges,
Shannon</author><author>White, Katrina</author><author>Thurman,
Nelson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Risks of
Esfenvalerate Use to Federally Threatened California Red-Legged Frog
(Rana aurora draytonii).  Pesticide Effects
Determination</title><secondary-title>February 19,
2008</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>February 19,
2008</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword>
</keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>February 19,
2008</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><publisher>Government Printing Office.  Washington,
D.C.</publisher>Endangered Species
Assessment<urls><related-urls><url>http://www.epa.gov/espp/litst
atus/effects/redleg-frog/index.html</url></related-urls></urls><access-d
ate>June 19, 2009</access-date><modified-date>February 19,
2008</modified-date></record></EndNote> (Borges et al., 2008)

	Acute Oral	Laboratory Rat

Rattus norvegicus	SS	TGAI

99.09	Estimated LD50 = 59.0 (0 to >20,000) mg/kg-bw	Mortality	46765601

Acceptable

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Borges</Author><Year>2008</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum
><DisplayText>(Borges,
2008)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">1</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Borges,
Shannon</author><author>White, Katrina</author><author>Thurman,
Nelson</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Risks of
Esfenvalerate Use to Federally Threatened California Red-Legged Frog
(Rana aurora draytonii).  Pesticide Effects
Determination</title><secondary-title>February 19,
2008</secondary-title><tertiary-title>Environmental Fate and Effects
Division, Office of Pesticide Programs. United States Environmental
Protection
Agency</tertiary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>February 19,
2008</full-title></periodical><keywords><keyword>Esfenvalerate</keyword>
</keywords><dates><year>2008</year><pub-dates><date>February 19,
2008</date></pub-dates></dates><pub-location>Washington,
D.C.</pub-location><publisher>Government Printing Office.  Washington,
D.C.</publisher>Endangered Species
Assessment<urls><related-urls><url>http://www.epa.gov/espp/litst
atus/effects/redleg-frog/index.html</url></related-urls></urls><access-d
ate>June 19, 2009</access-date><modified-date>February 19,
2008</modified-date></record></EndNote> (Borges et al., 2008)

	Subchronic Oral

(90 day oral)	Laboratory Rat-female

Rattus norvegicus

TGAI

98.7	NOEL = 50 mg/kg	Neurological dysfunction	257018

257019, 257020, 00151030

  ADDIN EN.CITE
<EndNote><Author>Bryceland</Author><Year>1999</Year><RecNum>9</Rec
Num><DisplayText>(Bryceland,
1999)</DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><key
app="EN" db-id="s0xer2w2o0xwx3e0a0tx0sz3zradttw529er">9</key><key
app="ENWeb"
db-id="RcJqaQrtmCQAAFU55fA">369</key></foreign-keys><ref-type name="EPA
Document">51</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Andrew
Bryceland</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EFED Response
to 24 C Esfenvalerate PC Code No:  109303; Case No. 066625; Submission
No. S566161; DP Barcode D258253</title><tertiary-title>Environmental
Fate and Effects Division.  Office of Pesticide Programs.  United States
Environmental Protection